Leptin levels in obese women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus

Exploring the link between leptin levels and metabolic syndrome in elderly Indian patients: Implications for family medicine and primary care practices

Background

The metabolic syndrome (MetS), according to the Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Programme, is a collection of metabolic abnormalities that includes one, two, or all three of the following traits: obesity in the abdomen, dyslipidemia, hypertension, fasting blood sugar, or insulin resistance. This study's aim was to assess the relationship between fasting serum leptin and MetS in elderly adults with T2DM in the Northern Indian population.

Material and Methods

The following information was collected from all the participants: (1) anthropometric data, (2) biochemical data, and (3) a lifestyle questionnaire on sociodemographic data, dietary practices, smoking, and alcohol intake to identify their risk factors for diabetes mellitus, CVD, and hypertension.

Results

A total of 36 older participants (56.30%) had a history of hypertension, while 29 elderly participants (44.61%) had diabetes mellitus. A total of 32 elderly participants (49.2%) had MetS, and this group had higher serum leptin (P 0.003), body weight (P = 0.019), BMI (P 0.001), waist circumference (P 0.001), CRP (P = 0.021), insulin (P = 0.001), and HOMA-IR (P = 0.003) values as well as higher percentages of females (P = 0.001), and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (P = 0.002) and hypertension (P = 0.039) than those in the non-MetS group.

Conclusion

In older persons with T2DM, our study discovered a favorable correlation between serum leptin and MetS. It can act as a standalone indicator of MetS, offering a way to spot populations at risk for associated consequences and enabling early intervention.

Disrupted circadian rhythms of body temperature, heart rate and fasting blood glucose in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus

We report a progressive disruption of 24-h rhythms in fasting blood glucose (FBG), body temperature (BT) and heart rate (HR) associated with metabolic dysfunction and the development of prediabetes (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in overweight middle-aged (40-69 years old) humans. Increasing BT and HR mean values and declining 24-h BT and HR amplitudes accompany adverse changes in metabolic state. Increased nocturnal BT and a phase delay of the 24-h BT rhythm, deviant 24-h HR profile and a phase advance of the 24-h HR and FBG rhythms are early signs of the PD metabolic state. In T2DM, the 24-h FBG rhythm is no longer detectable, and the 24-h amplitudes of BT and HR are greatly diminished. In addition, lepton and creatinine values were lowered in T2DM. Moreover, positive correlations between FBG and body mass index, BMI, and negative correlations between the 24-h amplitude of FBG and BMI indicate that overweight is an additional factor causing disruption of the circadian rhythms. Further studies on circadian disruption as a consequence of metabolic dysfunction are necessary. The quantitative analysis of changing circadian BT and HR rhythms may provide prognostic markers of T2DM and therapeutic targets for its prevention and correction.