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Cheng Y, Xiao X, Fu J, Zong X, Lu Z, Wang Y. Escherichia coli K88 activates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101665. [PMID: 38419757 PMCID: PMC10900769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has an obvious impact on intestinal inflammation and immune regulation. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 has been proved to induce inflammatory responses in several models, but whether E. coli K88 participates in the same process of pyroptotic cell death as LPS remains to be identified. We conducted a pilot experiment to confirm that E. coli K88, instead of Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella typhimurium, promotes the secretion of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in macrophages. Further experiments were carried out to dissect the molecular mechanism both in vitro and in vivo. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) results suggested that E. coli K88 treatment increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β in both C57BL/6 mice and the supernatant of J774A.1 cells. Intestinal morphology observations revealed that E. coli K88 treatment mainly induced inflammation in the colon. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis showed that the mRNA and protein expressions of pyroptosis-related factors, such as NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase1, were significantly upregulated by E. coli K88 treatment. The RNA-seq results confirmed that the effect was associated with the activation of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase1, GSDMD, IL-18, and IL-1β, and might also be related to inflammatory bowel disease and the tumor necrosis factor pathway. The pyroptosis-activated effect of E. coli K88 was significantly blocked by NLRP3 siRNA. Our data suggested that E. coli K88 caused inflammation by triggering pyroptosis, which provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of ETEC in intestinal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Zong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Zhang H, Mo Y, Wang L, Zhang H, Wu S, Sandai D, Shuid AN, Chen X. Potential shared pathogenic mechanisms between endometriosis and inflammatory bowel disease indicate a strong initial effect of immune factors. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339647. [PMID: 38660311 PMCID: PMC11041628 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over the past decades, immune dysregulation has been consistently demonstrated being common charactoristics of endometriosis (EM) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in numerous studies. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, bioinformatics techniques were used to screen large-scale gene expression data for plausible correlations at the molecular level in order to identify common pathogenic pathways between EM and IBD. Methods Based on the EM transcriptomic datasets GSE7305 and GSE23339, as well as the IBD transcriptomic datasets GSE87466 and GSE126124, differential gene analysis was performed using the limma package in the R environment. Co-expressed differentially expressed genes were identified, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for the differentially expressed genes was constructed using the 11.5 version of the STRING database. The MCODE tool in Cytoscape facilitated filtering out protein interaction subnetworks. Key genes in the PPI network were identified through two topological analysis algorithms (MCC and Degree) from the CytoHubba plugin. Upset was used for visualization of these key genes. The diagnostic value of gene expression levels for these key genes was assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and Area Under the Curve (AUC) The CIBERSORT algorithm determined the infiltration status of 22 immune cell subtypes, exploring differences between EM and IBD patients in both control and disease groups. Finally, different gene expression trends shared by EM and IBD were input into CMap to identify small molecule compounds with potential therapeutic effects. Results 113 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were co-expressed in EM and IBD have been identified, comprising 28 down-regulated genes and 86 up-regulated genes. The co-expression differential gene of EM and IBD in the functional enrichment analyses focused on immune response activation, circulating immunoglobulin-mediated humoral immune response and humoral immune response. Five hub genes (SERPING1、VCAM1、CLU、C3、CD55) were identified through the Protein-protein Interaction network and MCODE.High Area Under the Curve (AUC) values of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for 5hub genes indicate the predictive ability for disease occurrence.These hub genes could be used as potential biomarkers for the development of EM and IBD. Furthermore, the CMap database identified a total of 9 small molecule compounds (TTNPB、CAY-10577、PD-0325901 etc.) targeting therapeutic genes for EM and IBD. Discussion Our research revealed common pathogenic mechanisms between EM and IBD, particularly emphasizing immune regulation and cell signalling, indicating the significance of immune factors in the occurence and progression of both diseases. By elucidating shared mechanisms, our study provides novel avenues for the prevention and treatment of EM and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yaxin Mo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoling Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Doblin Sandai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Naqib Shuid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Xingbei Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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Liu D, Yu X, Sun H, Zhang W, Liu G, Zhu L. Flos lonicerae flavonoids attenuate experimental ulcerative colitis in rats via suppression of NF-κB signaling pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:2481-2494. [PMID: 32125461 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to isolate active Flos lonicerae flavonoids and evaluate their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects as well as investigate the molecular mechanistic action of these flavonoids in the rat model of ulcerative colitis (UC). Total flavonoids and three flavonoids (hyperoside, lonicerin, and luteolin) were isolated from honeysuckle and purified via column purification. Rat model of UC was established via 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) intoxication. The anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of the three flavonoids against TNBS-induced UC were evaluated by measuring appropriate biomarkers via assay kit. The effects of hyperoside, lonicerin, and luteolin on the regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway were investigated using Western blot (WB) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) while their protective effects on UC were also elucidated. Pretreatment with flavonoids (hyperoside, lonicerin, and luteolin at 25-100 mg/kg) and sulfasalazine (SSZ, positive control at 100 mg/kg) substantially attenuated TBNS-induced UC. Also, the flavonoids significantly reduced the levels of respective serum oxidative and proinflammatory markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), prostaglandins E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-beta (IL-β), and C-reactive protein (CRP). In addition, the flavonoids remarkably inhibited the expression of NF-κB signaling pathway. F. lonicerae flavonoids (hyperoside, lonicerin, and luteolin) demonstrated potent anti-UC activities in TBNS-induced UC rat model via anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Xiao Yu
- Spleen and Stomach Diseases Department II, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huiyi Sun
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Guo Liu
- BeijingUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Khajah MA, EL-Hashim AZ, Orabi KY, Hawai S, Sary HG. Onion bulb extract can both reverse and prevent colitis in mice via inhibition of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules and neutrophil activity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233938. [PMID: 33095803 PMCID: PMC7584208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Onion is one of the most commonly used plants in the traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. We recently demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of onion bulb extract (OBE) in reducing colitis severity in mice when administered at the same time of colitis induction. However, whether onion can reverse established colitis or even prevent its development has not been investigated. Hypothesis To test 1. whether OBE can reduce colitis severity when given either before (preventative approach) or after (treatment approach) colitis induction and if so, 2. what are the mechanisms by which onion can achieve these effects. Methods Colitis was induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration using treatment and preventative approaches. The severity of the inflammation was determined by the gross and histological assessments. The colonic level/activity of pro-inflammatory molecules and immune cell markers was assessed by immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis. In vitro neutrophil superoxide release and survival was assessed by chemilumenecense and Annexin-V/7AAD assays respectively. Results OBE treatment significantly reduced colitis severity in both approaches, the colonic expression/activity profile of pro-inflammatory molecules, inhibited WKYMVm-induced superoxide release, and increased spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils in vitro. Conclusions OBE can be used as an effective option in the prevention and/or the treatment of established colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitham A. Khajah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Ahmed Z. EL-Hashim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Khaled Y. Orabi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Sanaa Hawai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Hanan G. Sary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Vitale S, Strisciuglio C, Pisapia L, Miele E, Barba P, Vitale A, Cenni S, Bassi V, Maglio M, Del Pozzo G, Troncone R, Staiano A, Gianfrani C. Cytokine production profile in intestinal mucosa of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182313. [PMID: 28797042 PMCID: PMC5552230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has dramatically increased in young subjects, however, the pathogenesis of paediatric IBD is poorly investigated. In this study we aimed to evaluate the cytokine pattern and the phenotype of cytokine producing cells in the intestinal mucosa of paediatric patients affected by Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) and of non-IBD healthy controls (HC). Cytokine (IL-15, TNF-α, INF-γ) production was analyzed at basal condition and after mitogen stimulation either intracellularly by flow cytometry or in intestinal cell culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A higher frequency of enterocytes (EpCam+ cells) was observed in UC patients compared to CD or HC. An expansion of enterocytes producing IL-15 and TNF-α were found in IBD patients compared to HC. A marked expression of IL-15 in the intestinal epithelium of IBD patients was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Myeloid dendritic (CD11c+) cells producing TNF-α and INF-γ were increased in IBD biopsies. Unexpectedly, only after a strong mitogen stimulus, as phytohaemagglutinin, the frequency of CD3+ cells producing IFN-γ was increased in IBD compared to control intestinal mucosa. Interestingly, functional studies performed on organ cultures of intestinal biopsies with neutralizing anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibody showed a marked reduction of mononuclear cell activation, proliferation of crypt enterocytes, as well as a reduction of TNF-α release in organ culture supernatants. In conclusion, we found that in the gut mucosa of IBD children both enterocytes and dendritic cells produce proinflammatory cytokines. The over-expression of IL-15 by enterocytes in IBD intestine and the reduced IBD inflammation by IL-15 blockage suggests that this cytokine could be a therapeutic target in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Vitale
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Strisciuglio
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Paediatrics), and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Pisapia
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Erasmo Miele
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Paediatrics), and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Barba
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vitale
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Cenni
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Paediatrics), and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Bassi
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Paediatrics), and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Maglio
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Paediatrics), and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Del Pozzo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Paediatrics), and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Paediatrics), and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Gianfrani
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, CNR, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Paediatrics), and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Khajah MA, Ananthalakshmi KV, Edafiogho I. Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Enaminone E121 in the Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) Colitis Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168567. [PMID: 27997590 PMCID: PMC5173236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enaminones are synthetic compounds with an established role in the prevention of various forms of seizures. Recent evidence suggests potent anti-tussive, bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory properties. Pre-treatment with particularly E121 compound resulted in a decrease in leukocyte recruitment in the ovalbumin induced-model of asthma, immune cell proliferation and cytokine release in vitro. We hypothesize that E121 might serve as a therapeutic potential in intestinal inflammation through modulating immune cell functions. METHODS Colitis was induced by daily dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration for 5 days, and its severity was determined by gross and histological assessments. The plasma level of various cytokines was measured using flow cytometry-based assay. The colonic expression/ phosphorylation level of various molecules was determined by immunofluorescence and western blotting. The effects of E121 treatment on in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis (under-agarose assay), superoxide release (luminol oxidation assay) and apoptosis (annexin V/7AAD) were also determined. RESULTS DSS-induced colitis in mice was significantly reduced by daily E121 treatment (30-100 mg/kg) at gross and histological levels. This effect was due to modulated plasma levels of interleukin (IL-2) and colonic expression levels of various signaling molecules and proteins involved in apoptosis. In vitro neutrophil survival, chemotaxis, and superoxide release were also reduced by E121 treatment. CONCLUSION Our results indicate important anti-inflammatory actions of E121 in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivan Edafiogho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Saint Joseph School of Pharmacy, Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America
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Pan MH, Chiou YS, Tsai ML, Ho CT. Anti-inflammatory activity of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 1:8-24. [PMID: 24716101 PMCID: PMC3943005 DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating epidemiological and clinical evidence shows that inflammation is an important risk factor for various human diseases. Thus, suppressing chronic inflammation has the potential to delay, prevent, and control various chronic diseases, including cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, joint, skin, pulmonary, blood, lymph, liver, pancreatic, and intestinal diseases. Various natural products from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been shown to safely suppress proinflammatory pathways and control inflammation-associated disease. In vivo and/or in vitro studies have demonstrated that anti-inflammatory effects of TCM occur by inhibition of the expression of master transcription factors (for example, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)), pro-inflammatory cytokines (for example, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), chemokines (for example, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-24), intercellular adhesion molecule expression and pro-inflammatory mediators (for example, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)). However, a handful of review articles have focused on the anti-inflammatory activities of TCM and explore their possible mechanisms of action. In this review, we summarize recent research attempting to identify the anti-inflammatory constituents of TCM and their molecular targets that may create new opportunities for innovation in modern pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsiung Pan
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, USA
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Tobar-Grande B, Godoy R, Bustos P, von Plessing C, Fattal E, Tsapis N, Olave C, Gómez-Gaete C. Development of biodegradable methylprednisolone microparticles for treatment of articular pathology using a spray-drying technique. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2065-76. [PMID: 23737670 PMCID: PMC3668958 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s39327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, microparticles were prepared by spray-drying using albumin, chondroitin sulfate, and hyaluronic acid as excipients to create a controlled-release methylprednisolone system for use in inflammatory disorders such as arthritis. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that these microparticles were almost spherical, with development of surface wrinkling as the methylprednisolone load in the formulation was increased. The methylprednisolone load also had a direct influence on the mean diameter and zeta potential of the microparticles. Interactions between formulation excipients and the active drug were evaluated by x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermal gravimetric analysis, showing limited amounts of methylprednisolone in a crystalline state in the loaded microparticles. The encapsulation efficiency of methylprednisolone was approximately 89% in all formulations. The rate of methylprednisolone release from the microparticles depended on the initial drug load in the formulation. In vitro cytotoxic evaluation using THP-1 cells showed that none of the formulations prepared triggered an inflammatory response on release of interleukin-1β, nor did they affect cellular viability, except for the 9.1% methylprednisolone formulation, which was the maximum test concentration used. The microparticles developed in this study have characteristics amenable to a therapeutic role in inflammatory pathology, such as arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Tobar-Grande
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Wu X, Guo W, Wu L, Gu Y, Gu L, Xu S, Wu X, Shen Y, Ke Y, Tan R, Sun Y, Xu Q. Selective sequestration of STAT1 in the cytoplasm via phosphorylated SHP-2 ameliorates murine experimental colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:3497-507. [PMID: 22942432 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The side effects of current immunosuppressive drugs have impeded the development of therapies for immune diseases. Selective regulation of STAT signaling is an attractive strategy for treating immune disorders. In this study, we used a small-molecule compound to explore possible means of targeting STAT1 for the treatment of Th1-mediated inflammation. Selective regulation of STAT1 signaling in T cells from C57BL/6 mice was accomplished using fusaruside, a small-molecule compound that triggers the tyrosine phosphorylation of Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2). The interaction of tyrosine phosphorylated SHP-2 (pY-SHP-2) with cytosolic STAT1 prevented the recruitment of STAT1 to IFN-γR and specifically inhibited STAT1 signaling, resulting in a reduction in Th1 cytokine production and an improvement in 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice. Blocking the pY-SHP-2-STAT1 interaction, with SHP-2 inhibitor NSC-87877 or using T cells from conditional SHP-2 knockout mice, reversed the effects of fusaruside, resulting in STAT1 activation and worsened colitis. The fusaruside-induced ability of pY-SHP-2 to selectively sequestrate STAT1 from recruitment to the receptor is independent of its function as a phosphatase, demonstrating a novel role for SHP-2 in regulating both STAT1 signaling and Th1-type immune responses. These findings could lead to increased options for the treatment of Crohn's disease and other Th1-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Li YX, Wang HH, Chi Y. Correlation between expression of human cathelicidin peptide LL-37 and colon inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:1359-1366. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i13.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of human cathelicidin LL-37 in the colon mucosa of patients suffering from ulcerative colitis and to assess its relationship with colon inflammation.
METHODS: Thirty-two patients with ulcerative colitis were included in the study. The severity of ulcerative colitis was assessed using the Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index (UCDAI). The expression of LL-37 and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-4) in the colon mucosa was detected by real-time RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the location of the LL-37 peptide in the normal and inflamed colon mucosa. Colon epithelial cells were stimulated in vitro with cytokines to evaluate mechanisms that influence cathelicidin production.
RESULTS: The mRNA expression of LL-37 and cytokines in the colon mucosa was significantly elevated with the severity of disease activity in UC patients compared to controls (LL-37: 4.97 ± 6.95, 31.46 ± 10.74, 75.50 ± 13.19 vs 0.27 ± 0.45; TNF-α: 97.04 ± 23.74, 201.07 ± 33.46, 290.81 ± 30.45 vs 72.82 ± 18.85; IL-1β: 72.98 ± 38.03, 153.46 ± 22.68, 211.34 ± 25.12 vs 38.56 ± 10.38; IL-4: 26.04 ± 12.47, 46.38 ± 15.12, 46.94 ± 16.53 vs 19.34 ± 11.61, all P < 0.05). Significant correlations were found between the mRNA expression of LL-37 and cytokines (r = 0.965, 0.940, 0.628, all P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the LL-37 peptide was located in the colon epithelial surface in both normal controls and UC patients. In addition, the LL-37 peptide was detected easily in inflammatory cells infiltrating into the inflamed colon mucosa in UC patients. In vitro stimulation with cytokines did not up-regulate LL-37 expression in colon epithelial cells.
CONCLUSION: The up-regulation of LL-37 expression in inflamed colon mucosa of UC patients and high correlation between the expression of LL-37 and cytokines indicate a close relationship between LL-37 and immune inflammatory response in UC patients with ulcerative colitis; however, this process does not involve colonic epithelial cells.
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Cerquetella M, Spaterna A, Laus F, Tesei B, Rossi G, Antonelli E, Villanacci V, Bassotti G. Inflammatory bowel disease in the dog: Differences and similarities with humans. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:1050-6. [PMID: 20205273 PMCID: PMC2835779 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i9.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) represent important chronic conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract in man. However, similar disorders are found in several animal species and the IBD affecting dogs are particularly important. These are encompassed by an umbrella of probably several different entities with common symptoms, some of which seem to share striking similarities with human conditions. This review will focus on the actual knowledge of IBD in dogs, and attempt to identify differences and similarities with human IBD conditions.
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High levels of proinflammatory cytokines, but not markers of tissue injury, in unaffected intestinal areas from patients with IBD. Mediators Inflamm 2009; 2009:580450. [PMID: 19657406 PMCID: PMC2719754 DOI: 10.1155/2009/580450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal alterations in IBD are triggered and maintained by an overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, increased immune activation has been found in the adjacent intestinal areas without displaying any apparent histological alterations, however, the regulatory environment is not well established. Biopsy specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), from both affected and unaffected areas, and also from a group of colonic biopsies from healthy controls, were included in our study. Cytokines and markers of mucosal damage were analyzed by real-time PCR, and some of the results confirmed by western-blot and ELISA. Levels of IFNgamma, TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-23 were increased (above healthy controls) in both affected and unaffected areas from IBD. IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-27 were higher in affected areas compared to unaffected ones in UC but not CD. In general, a correlation was observed between mRNA levels of these cytokines and both iNOS and Granzyme B. SOCS-2 and SOCS-3 were also increased in the affected areas. In conclusion, the unaffected areas from IBD show increased levels of a restricted set of cytokines that may exert immune activating roles in these areas without being able to trigger tissue damage.
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Martín MC, Oliver J, Luis Mendoza J, Fernández-Arquero M, Martín J, Urcelay E. Influencia de las mutaciones de los receptores activados por proteinasa F2R/PAR1 y F2RL1/PAR2 en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Med Clin (Barc) 2008; 131:609-11. [DOI: 10.1157/13127918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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