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Jorge A, Soares E, Sarinho E, Lorente F, Gama J, Taborda-Barata L. Prevalence and clinical features of adverse food reactions in Portuguese children. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2017; 13:40. [PMID: 28878810 PMCID: PMC5585952 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-017-0212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of adverse food reactions (AFR) has been increasing in the western world. Clinical manifestations are diversified and it may not be possible to clinically discriminate between IgE and non-IgE mediated AFR. In Portugal, the prevalence of AFR and food allergies in children is not known. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of AFR in central Portugal. Methods Point prevalence study in 3–11 year-old schoolchildren from Central Portugal. Food-related questionnaires, skin prick tests (SPT) with foods and determination of food-specific IgE levels were performed. Results Of 4045 schoolchildren, 2474 (61.2%) accepted to be included in the study. Global prevalence of AFR was 7.1% (95% CI 6.2–8.1), based upon the initial questionnaire, 4.6% (95% CI 3.9–5.5), based upon a confirmatory questionnaire and the prevalence of probable food allergy (IgE-associated AFR: positive history + positive SPT and/or positive specific IgE) was 1.4% (95% CI 0.9–1.9). Most frequently implicated foods were fresh fruits, fish and egg. A first episode at an earlier age, mucocutaneous and anaphylactic reactions were more frequent in IgE-associated AFR. Conclusions The prevalence of probable food allergy in 3–11 year old Portuguese children from central Portugal is low and parents over-report its frequency. Most frequently implicated foods were fresh fruit and fish. Immediate type, polysymptomatic, and more severe reactions may commence at an earlier age and be more frequent in IgE-associated than in non-IgE associated reactions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13223-017-0212-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arminda Jorge
- CICS-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã, 6200-506 Portugal.,Department of Paediatrics, Cova da Beira Hospital, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisa Soares
- CICS-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã, 6200-506 Portugal
| | - Emanuel Sarinho
- UFPE Allergy & Clinical Immunology Research Centre, Pernambuco Federal University, Recife, Brazil
| | - Felix Lorente
- Department of Paediatrics, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jorge Gama
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís Taborda-Barata
- CICS-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã, 6200-506 Portugal.,Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Cova da Beira Hospital, Covilhã, Portugal
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Food allergy in Catalonia: Clinical manifestations and its association with airborne allergens. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2017; 45:48-54. [PMID: 27592278 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy affects around 6% of the European population and its prevalence worldwide has been increasing in the last decades, but studies focused on investigating food allergy epidemiology in Europe are lacking. OBJECTIVE The Cibus project was created to register the main culprit foods and their clinical manifestations in food allergic patients in Catalonia. METHODS A specific online database was designed. Allergists from eight different Catalan hospitals registered the new diagnoses of food allergy. RESULTS 618 food allergic patients were included. Egg and milk were the main elicitors in the early ages, while fruits and nuts were the most frequent in patients >14 years old. Fish was more frequent in children, while seafood and Anisakis allergy were more frequent in the >14-year-old group. Overall, peach was the most prevalent food eliciting an allergic reaction (10%). Food allergy diagnosis was reached using compatible clinical history and positive skin prick test to the involved food in 98% of cases. Globally, urticaria was the most frequently reported manifestation in our population (48.2%), followed by oral allergy syndrome (25.6%) and anaphylaxis (24.8%). CONCLUSIONS The Cibus project gives a full overview of the profile of food allergic patients in Catalonia and reinforces the predominance of plant food allergies in the Mediterranean area.
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Ahanchian H, Jafari S, Behmanesh F, Haghi NM, Nakhaei AA, Kiani MA, Radbin MH, Kianifar H. Epidemiological survey of pediatric food allergy in Mashhad in Northeast Iran. Electron Physician 2016; 8:1727-32. [PMID: 26955442 PMCID: PMC4768920 DOI: 10.19082/1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Food allergy is an increasing problem worldwide, but the foods responsible for food allergy are not the same in different countries, probably because of the role of genetic, cultural, and nutritional factors. The aim of this study was to determine the common food allergens in pediatric patients with different presentation of food allergy. Methods In this cross-sectional study, all of the patients were referred to pediatric allergy clinics affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences from September 2012 to August 2014. For patients with IgE-mediated food allergy that was diagnosed with clinical manifestations, the skin prick test was done. The results were analyzed by SPSS version 17 and statistical analysis was done with the chi-squared test and the t-test. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Three hundred seventy-one patients (53.9% male, 46.1% female) with ages in the range of three months to 18 years were studied. The most frequent food allergen in all patients with decreasing prevalence were egg white (17.8%), pepper (15.8%), curry (14.3%), egg yolk (14%), cow’s milk (10%), and tomato (7.8%). The most common presenting symptoms were respiratory (allergic rhinitis 45%, asthma 32%), dermatologic (atopic dermatitis 30%, urticaria 8.3%), colitis (17.5%), and gasteroesophagial reflux disease (GERD) (2%). According to the prevalence of food allergens in different age groups, we realized that, after the age of three years, the frequency of sensitization to egg white, egg yolk, cow’s milk, wheat and cereals was decreased and allergy to pepper and curry was increased. Conclusion The prevalence of culprit foods that produce food allergies depends on several factors, including age, presenting manifestation, and where the patient lives. As many food allergies are outgrown, patients should be reevaluated regularly to determine whether they have lost their reactivity or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ahanchian
- MD. Allergist and Immunologist, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedali Jafari
- MD. Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Behmanesh
- MD. Allergist and Immunologist, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nasrinsadat Motevalli Haghi
- MD, Fellow in training of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Ataei Nakhaei
- MD. Pediatrician, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Kiani
- MD. Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Radbin
- MD. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Kianifar
- MD. Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Caballé-Gavaldà L, García-Cid E, Fontcuberta-Famadas M, Balfagón-Marzal P, Durán-Neira J. [Management of the risks associated with allergens in school canteens in Barcelona (Spain)]. GACETA SANITARIA 2014; 28:450-5. [PMID: 25110308 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine demand for special meals and their types for students with food allergies or intolerances (FAI) in school canteens in Barcelona (Spain) during the 2011-12 school year, and to ascertain the degree of implementation of self-assessment plans and preventive measures for the management of allergens, and the relationships between the application of such measures and other variables. METHODS A descriptive study was performed of a representative sample of schools (n=129). The dependent variables collected data on the schools and students, the level of demand for special meals, and the implementation of preventive measures. Independent variables consisted of canteen management, the number of users, and whether self-assessment plans were implemented. For those schools that prepared meals (n=92), an index was calculated from the questions on preventive measures. Student t-tests were used to compare the means of the indices with stratification by the independent variables. RESULTS A total of 89% of schools served special meals for students with FAI (1,507 special meals per day, 5% of all meals) and 65% had no allergen control plan. The mean of the indices was 11.6 out of 17. Externally managed canteens, with more users and with self-assessment plans, implemented more preventive measures for allergen management (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS A high proportion of schools report carrying out preventive measures in the process of preparing and serving special meals. Those with self-assessment plans have better preventive practices. To manage this food-related risk, food hygiene inspection services should promote the implementation of allergen control plans in school canteens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mireia Fontcuberta-Famadas
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, España.
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Bedolla-Barajas M, Bedolla-Pulido TR, Camacho-Peña AS, González-García E, Morales-Romero J. Food hypersensitivity in mexican adults at 18 to 50 years of age: a questionnaire survey. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014; 6:511-6. [PMID: 25374750 PMCID: PMC4214971 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2014.6.6.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is limited epidemiological evidence of food hypersensitivity (FH) in the adult population. We aimed to determine the prevalence of FH in Mexican adults, their clinical features and to establish common food involved in its appearance. METHODS We designed a cross-sectional study using a fixed quota sampling; 1,126 subjects answered a structured survey to gather information related to FH. RESULTS The prevalence of FH in adults was 16.7% (95% CI, 14.5% to 18.8%), without statistical significant differences related to gender (women, 17.5% and men, 15.9%) or residential location. The most common clinical manifestations in adults with FH were oral allergy syndrome (70 of 1,126) and urticaria (55 of 1,126). According to category, fruits and vegetables were the most frequent foods to trigger FH (6.12%) and were individually related to shrimp (4.0%), and cow milk (1.5%). Adults under age 25 had a higher frequency of FH (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.91, P <0.001). Personal history of any atopic disease was significantly associated with FH (P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of FH is relatively high in Mexican adults, and FH is significantly associated with atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Bedolla-Barajas
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Service, The "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca" Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
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Panesar SS, Javad S, de Silva D, Nwaru BI, Hickstein L, Muraro A, Roberts G, Worm M, Bilò MB, Cardona V, Dubois AEJ, Dunn Galvin A, Eigenmann P, Fernandez-Rivas M, Halken S, Lack G, Niggemann B, Santos AF, Vlieg-Boerstra BJ, Zolkipli ZQ, Sheikh A. The epidemiology of anaphylaxis in Europe: a systematic review. Allergy 2013; 68:1353-61. [PMID: 24117770 DOI: 10.1111/all.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially fatal, multi-organ system, allergic reaction caused by the release of chemical mediators from mast cells and basophils. Uncertainty exists around epidemiological measures of incidence and prevalence, risk factors, risk of recurrence, and death due to anaphylaxis. This systematic review aimed to (1) understand and describe the epidemiology of anaphylaxis and (2) describe how these characteristics vary by person, place, and time. METHODS Using a highly sensitive search strategy, we identified systematic reviews of epidemiological studies, descriptive and analytical epidemiological investigations, and studies involving analysis of routine data. RESULTS Our searches identified a total of 5,843 potentially eligible studies, of which 49 satisfied our inclusion criteria. Of these, three were suitable for pooled estimates of prevalence. The incidence rates for all-cause anaphylaxis ranged from 1.5 to 7.9 per 100,000 person-years. These data indicated that an estimated 0.3% (95% CI 0.1-0.5) of the population experience anaphylaxis at some point in their lives. Food, drugs, stinging insects, and latex were the most commonly identified triggers. CONCLUSIONS Anaphylaxis is a common problem, affecting an estimated 1 in 300 of the European population at some time in their lives. Future research needs to focus on better understanding of the trends across Europe and identifying those most likely to experience fatal reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Panesar
- Allergy & Respiratory Research Group; Center for Population Health Sciences; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - S. Javad
- School of Public Health; Imperial College; London UK
| | | | - B. I. Nwaru
- School of Health Sciences; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - L. Hickstein
- Biometry and Epidemiology; Institute for Medical Informatics; University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - A. Muraro
- Department of Pediatrics; Center for Food Allergy Diagnosis and Treatment; Veneto Region; University of Padua; Padua Italy
| | - G. Roberts
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre; St Mary's Hospital; Newport; Isle of Wight UK
- NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit; University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton UK
- Faculty of Medicine; Human Development and Health and Clinical Experimental Sciences Academic Units; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - M. Worm
- Allergy-Center-Charité; Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - M. B. Bilò
- Allergy Unit; Department Internal Medicine; University Hospital; Ospedali Riuniti; Ancona Italy
| | - V. Cardona
- Allergy Section; Department of Internal Medicine; Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron; Barcelona Spain
| | - A. E. J. Dubois
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergy; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; GRIAC Research Institute; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - A. Dunn Galvin
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - P. Eigenmann
- University Hospitals of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - M. Fernandez-Rivas
- Department of Allergy; Hospital Clinico San Carlos; IdISSC; Madrid Spain
| | - S. Halken
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - G. Lack
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma; London UK
| | - B. Niggemann
- Allergy Center Charité; University Hospital Charité; Berlin Germany
| | - A. F. Santos
- Department of Pediatric Allergy; Division of Asthma; Allergy & Lung Biology; King's College; London UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma; London UK
- Department of Immunoallergology; Coimbra University Hospital; Coimbra Portugal
| | - B. J. Vlieg-Boerstra
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy; Emma Children's Hospital; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Z. Q. Zolkipli
- NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit; University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton UK
- Faculty of Medicine; Human Development and Health and Clinical Experimental Sciences Academic Units; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - A. Sheikh
- Allergy & Respiratory Research Group; Center for Population Health Sciences; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
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Shu SA, Chang C, Leung PSC. Common Methodologies in the Evaluation of Food Allergy: Pitfalls and Prospects of Food Allergy Prevalence Studies. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-012-8337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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Bemanian MH, Hashemzadegan S, Nabavi M, Rezaeisadrabadi M. Food habits in atopic patients in Iranian children. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2012; 14:451-2. [PMID: 22997563 PMCID: PMC3438440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M H Bemanian
- Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran,Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence: Mohammadhasan Bemanian, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel.: +98-913-3518760, E-mail:
| | - Sh Hashemzadegan
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - M Nabavi
- Faculty of Medicine, Hazrat-e-Rasoul Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Rezaeisadrabadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Kalogeromitros D, Makris MP, Chliva C, Sergentanis TN, Church MK, Maurer M, Psaltopoulou T. An internet survey on self-reported food allergy in Greece: clinical aspects and lack of appropriate medical consultation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:558-64. [PMID: 22348258 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy (FA) represents a common and worldwide disorder but in publications referring to FA the reported diagnosis is rarely confirmed. Consequently, the subjectively assessed FA may negatively affect the quality of life of patients and their families. OBJECTIVE We have conducted this internet survey in order to estimate the self-reported perception of FA in Greece. METHODS A standard anonymous questionnaire was posted for a 3-month period on http://www.in.gr, a Greek popular Internet portal. Each individual could participate only once. Participants were screened for the presence or history of FA by a key question and were then asked to provide information on symptoms, course and management. RESULTS A total of 3673 adult subjects (mean age 34.2 years, range 18-74, females 61.3%), reporting FA were included in analysis. Most reported reactions were related to fruits (14.9%), seafood (10.7%) and nuts (9.2%). The first episode occurred principally during the second (29.2%) and third (30.9%) decade within 3 h from consumption (82.2%). Predominant symptoms were urticaria and oral allergy syndrome (almost 25% each one). Nearly half of the participants sought no medical advice, while 31.4% asked for an allergist's consultation. Almost 21% of reactors were hospitalized; nuts, severity of symptoms (lower respiratory and/or cardiovascular), onset in lower age, previous exercise and concomitant alcohol and/or aspirin intake were positively associated with hospitalization. CONCLUSION Although FA causes severe anaphylactic episodes, almost 50% of individuals who experience symptoms perceived as FA do not seek medical advice. Awareness programmes must be carried out in order to increase consciousness about this potentially fatal medical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kalogeromitros
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Department Dermatology and Venereology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Flores E, Cervera L, Sanz M, Diaz-Perales A, Fernández J. Plant Food Allergy in Patients with Pollinosis from the Mediterranean Area. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 159:346-54. [DOI: 10.1159/000338282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Skypala I. Adverse Food Reactions—An Emerging Issue for Adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:1877-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Identification of european allergy patterns to the allergen families PR-10, LTP, and profilin from Rosaceae fruits. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2011; 41:4-19. [PMID: 19851893 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-009-8177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High fruit intakes are associated with significant health benefits but fruit allergy sufferers may be discouraged from eating fruit due to the symptoms they experience. Knowledge about allergens involved in fruit allergy and the frequent cross-reactions to other allergens is essential to (a) design the best strategy for fruit allergy testing (b) prescribe optimal avoidance diets, and (c) design technological solutions for development of hypoallergenic fruits. The objective of this review was to investigate whether some characteristic disease entities could be identified in Europe for allergy to Rosaceae fruits. Five allergy patterns were found involving the allergen families PR-10, LTP, and profilin. In the Western Mediterranean area allergies to Rosaceae fruits are caused by monosensitization to LTP, monosensitization to profilin, or co-sensitization to both these allergens. On the contrary, monosensitization to PR-10 and, to a lesser degree, co-sensitization to profilin and PR-10 is dominant in Northern and Central Europe. LTP sensitization is present both in pollinosis and non-pollinosis patients and is associated with peach allergy in particular. The disease pattern for patients sensitized to profilin is characterized by several concomitant allergies including grass and other pollens, Rosaceae and non-Rosaceae fruits. Finally, PR-10 sensitization is primarily associated to concomitant birch pollen and apple allergy.
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Skypala IJ, Calderon MA, Leeds AR, Emery P, Till S, Durham SR. Development and validation of a structured questionnaire for the diagnosis of oral allergy syndrome in subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis during the UK birch pollen season. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:1001-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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