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Cunalata-Paredes AV, Gea-Izquierdo E. COPD in the major nonsmoking adult: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 76:319-329. [PMID: 33021899 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1828243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) main cause is attributed to active smokers, but there's a small percentage that comes from risk factors that have been less considered. The aim of this research was to identify the risk factors and the clinical presentation of the population over 64 years of age that lead to the development of COPD. A systematic review and a meta-analysis was performed. From the 92 studies interpreted, we identified seven studies on the presence of COPD in nonsmokers older adults, having a universe of 14,920 patients. The primary risk factor to trigger the development of COPD was secondhand smoking. The study defined the most common risk factors that currently trigger COPD development among nonsmokers and provided an insight into the potential clinical differences between nonsmokers and smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique Gea-Izquierdo
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Chair of Health and Safety at Work, Occupational Risk Prevention, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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López Blázquez M, Pérez Moreno J, Vigil Vázquez S, Rodríguez Fernández R. Impact of Passive Smoking on Lung Function and Asthma Severity in Children. Arch Bronconeumol 2017; 54:436-437. [PMID: 29203052 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María López Blázquez
- Servicio de Pediatría y sus Áreas Específicas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España.
| | - Jimena Pérez Moreno
- Servicio de Pediatría y sus Áreas Específicas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - Sara Vigil Vázquez
- Servicio de Pediatría y sus Áreas Específicas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - Rosa Rodríguez Fernández
- Servicio de Pediatría y sus Áreas Específicas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
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Definición, etiología, factores de riesgo y fenotipos de la EPOC. Arch Bronconeumol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-2896(17)30357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Faraldo-García A, Lopez-Silvarrey A, Pertega S, Cruz MJ, Sampedro M, Sánchez-Lastres J, San-José Gónzalez MA, Bamonde L, Garnelo L, Pérez-Castro T, Valdés-Cuadrado L, Gonzalez-Barcala FJ. Cross-sectional study about impact of parental smoking on rhinitis symptoms in children. Clin Otolaryngol 2017; 42:1275-1280. [PMID: 28306200 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the prevalence of rhinitis and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) of children in our community and its relationship with symptoms of rhinitis METHODS (DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES): Cross-sectional study using questionnaire on rhinitis of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, in children (6-7 years) and adolescents (13-14 years). Categories: "rhinitis ever", "recent rhinitis", "recent rhinoconjunctivitis", "severe rhinoconjunctivitis". Parental smoking: (i) neither parent smokes; (ii) only the mother smokes; (iii) only the father smokes; and (iv) both parents smoke. Odds ratio of the prevalence of symptoms of rhinitis according to ETS exposure was calculated using logistic regression. RESULTS 10 690 children and 10 730 adolescents. The prevalence of "rhinitis ever" in children: 29.4%, "recent rhinitis" 24%, "recent rhinoconjunctivitis" 11.5% and "severe rhinoconjunctivitis" 0.1%. In adolescents: 46.2%, 34.5%, 16.2% and 0.2%, respectively. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in the home occurred in 51% of cases. Parental smoking was associated with a higher prevalence of forms of rhinitis in adolescents when only the mother was a smoker. In children when both parents were smokers. CONCLUSION Rhinitis is highly prevalent in our community. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure is still very common. The relationship between ETS and rhinitis symptoms in children of this community is not as robust as that found for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Faraldo-García
- Departament of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - S Pertega
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, University Hospital Complex, A Coruña, Spain
| | - M-J Cruz
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre-CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Sampedro
- Departament of Pediatrics, Servicio Galego de Saúde, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J Sánchez-Lastres
- Departament of Pediatrics, Servicio Galego de Saúde, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - L Bamonde
- Departament of Pediatrics, Servicio Galego de Saúde, A Coruña, Spain
| | - L Garnelo
- Departament of Pediatrics, Servicio Galego de Saúde, A Coruña, Spain
| | - T Pérez-Castro
- Grupo de investigación Cardiovascular (GRINCAR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - L Valdés-Cuadrado
- Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F-J Gonzalez-Barcala
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre-CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Gonzalez-Barcala FJ, Pertega S, Sampedro M, Lastres JS, Gonzalez MASJ, Bamonde L, Garnelo L, Castro TP, Valdés-Cuadrado L, Carreira JM, Moure JD, Silvarrey AL. Impact of parental smoking on childhood asthma. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2013; 89:294-9. [PMID: 23684453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) of the childhood population in this community and its relationship with asthma symptoms. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire on children and adolescents in this community. The symptoms "wheezing ever", "current asthma", "severe asthma", and "exercise-induced asthma" were defined by this questionnaire. Parental smoking was classified into four mutually exclusive categories: 1) no parent smokes; 2) only the mother smokes; 3) only the father smokes; and 4) both parents smoke. The odds ratio of the prevalence of asthma symptoms according to ETS exposure was calculated using logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 10,314 children and 10,453 adolescents were included. Over 51% of the children and adolescents were exposed to ETS at home. ETS is associated with a higher prevalence of asthma symptoms, particularly if the mother or both parents smoke. CONCLUSION The prevalence of ETS is still high in this community, although there has been a decreasing tendency in the last 15 years. ETS is associated with higher prevalence of asthma.
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Gonzalez-Barcala FJ, Pertega S, Sampedro M, Lastres JS, Gonzalez MASJ, Bamonde L, Garnelo L, Castro TP, Valdés-Cuadrado L, Carreira JM, Moure JD, Silvarrey AL. Impact of parental smoking on childhood asthma. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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[Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children and its relationship with the severity of asthma]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2012; 78:35-42. [PMID: 22341775 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure produces serious respiratory problems in childhood. The aim of the study was to evaluate if environmental tobacco smoke affects the severity of asthma in asthmatic children. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective, multicentre study was conducted on asthmatic children and their parents in 2007-2008, using an exposure questionnaire, pulmonary function, level of cotinine in urine, and evaluation of the severity of asthma according to GEMA guide. The characteristics of the sample are summarised using the appropriate statistical tools, and the comparisons were made using the Pearson chi2 test, Mann-Whitney U test or Studentĭs t, according to the variable and number of groups compared. RESULTS Four hundred and eighty four households in 7 Autonomous Communities were included. The population included, 61% male children with asthma, 56% with a smoking caregiver in their home, 34% fathers, 31% mothers and 17% both. Home exposure was 37%, with 11% daily and 94% passive smokers since birth. There was 20% with exposure during whole period of pregnancy of 5±1 cigarettes/day. Children exposed to 6±1 cigarettes/day, 27%, up to 10 cigarettes/day, and 10% to more than 10. Severity of asthma during the survey was worse among those exposed (episodic-occasional 47%, episodic-frequent 35% and persistent-moderate 18% versus 59%, 25% and 16%, respectively, P=.040). Severity of asthma in the last year was worse in those exposed (episodic - occasional 22%, episodic - frequent 37% and persistent - moderate 50% versus 38%, 28% and 25% respectively, P=.037). The spirometry was abnormal in 64% of the exposed against to 36% in the non-exposed for FEV(1) (P=.003, 63% vs 38% for FVC (P=.038), and 54% vs 46% for the PEF (P=.050). The cotinine was higher in exposed: 51 (0-524) ng/ml vs 27 (0-116) ng/ml (P=.032). A relationship was observed between cotinine and level of exposure: 120 (0-590) ng/ml for >10 cigarettes/day as opposed to 44 (0-103) ng/ml ≤10 cigarettes/day (P=.035), which corroborates the consistency of the data collected. CONCLUSIONS The exposure of children with asthma to environmental tobacco smoke has a highly negative effect on the severity of their asthma.
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Gonzalez Barcala F, Aboal Viñas J, Valdes Cuadrado L, Bourdin A, Alvarez Dobaño J, Takkouche B. Trends in hospital admissions due to asthma in north-west Spain from 1995 to 2007. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2010; 38:254-8. [PMID: 20452117 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 10/31/2009] [Accepted: 11/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood. Hospital admissions in the child population appear to be reducing in different populations. METHODS We have retrospectively analysed admissions into hospitals in our region due to asthma in a 0 to 14 years population, between the years 1995 and 2007. The age, sex, date of admission, and length of hospital stay of each patient was recorded and analysed. RESULTS A total of 9106 admissions (64% males) have been included. A gradual trend towards a reduction in admissions is observed during the period analysed. There were more admissions in 1996, with 2.91 per thousand inhabitants, gradually reducing to 1.33 per thousand in 2007. There were more admissions in May and between September and December, being less frequent in July and August. The mean stay in this period was 4.18 days, which was stable during the whole period of the study. Older children tended to have a longer hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that admissions due to childhood asthma tend to be decreasing, particularly due to younger males, with no change in the length of hospital stay. Asthma exacerbations seemed to be associated with infections and exposure to allergens.
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Jiménez-Ruiz CA, Ramos Pinedo A, Riesco Miranda JA. [SEPAR year 2007. A year for smoking prevention and treatment]. Arch Bronconeumol 2009; 45:561-3. [PMID: 19656609 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2009.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Balaguer C, Palou A, Alonso-Fernández A. [Smoking and sleep disorders]. Arch Bronconeumol 2009; 45:449-58. [PMID: 19501944 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Snoring and sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) are two disorders of considerable relevance due to their high prevalence in the general population and their notable morbidity and mortality, particularly in association with their harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. As well as sex, age, weight, craniofacial malformations, alcohol consumption, and use of hypnotic drugs, it has been suggested that smoking may be a risk factor for developing sleep-disordered breathing. While there is solid evidence for the independent association between snoring and smoking in both children and adults, it is still unclear whether smoking constitutes an independent risk factor for developing SAHS, despite the many studies carried out to assess this link. This is probably because the association, if it exists, is very weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Balaguer
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, España
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