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Dang DX, Li CJ, Li SH, Fan XY, Xu W, Cui Y, Li D. Ultra-early weaning alters growth performance, hematology parameters, and fecal microbiota in piglets with same genetic background. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:990905. [PMID: 36406459 PMCID: PMC9666885 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.990905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Piglets with the same genetic background were used to investigate the effects of different lengths of suckling period on growth performance, hematology parameters, and fecal microbiota. All piglets were born by a sow (Landrace×Yorkshire). On day 14 postpartum, a total of 16 piglets [Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)] with a similar initial body weight (2.48 ± 0.25 kg) were randomly assigned into two groups with four replicates per group, two pigs per replicate pen (one barrow and one gilt). On day 14 of age, experiment started, piglets from the first group were weaned (14W), whereas the others continued to receive milk until day 28 of age (28W). The experiment completed on day 70 of age, last 56 days. Growth performance parameters including body weight, average daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, and growth rate and hematology parameters including immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), albumin, globulin, and total protein were measured in this study. Additionally, a technique of 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze fecal microbiota for revealing how the changes in the lengths of suckling period on intestinal microbiota. We found that ultra-early weaning impaired growth performance of piglets, whose worse body weight, average daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, and growth rate were observed in 14W group at all measured timepoints in comparison with those in 28W group (P < 0.05). Moreover, higher contents of serum IgA (P = 0.028), IgG (P = 0.041), and IgM (P = 0.047), as well as lower contents of serum albumin (P = 0.002), albumin-to-globulin ratio (P = 0.003), and total protein (P = 0.004), were observed in 14W group in comparison with those in 28W group on day 28 of age, but not on day 70 of age. High-throughput pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA indicated that the intestinal microbiota richness in 14W group was lower than that in 28W group (P < 0.05); moreover, in comparison with 28W group at all sampling timepoints, fecal microbiota in 14W group showed more beneficial bacteria and fewer pathogenic bacteria (P < 0.05). Therefore, we considered that ultra-early weaning had positive effects on immune status and fecal microbiota composition in piglets, but negative effects on growth performance and fecal microbiota abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Xin Dang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China,Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Cheng Ji Li
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea,Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Shi Han Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xin Yan Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Desheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China,*Correspondence: Desheng Li,
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Herrmann F, Nieto-Ruiz A, Sepúlveda-Valbuena N, Miranda MT, Diéguez E, Jiménez J, De-Castellar R, García-Ricobaraza M, García-Santos JA, G. Bermúdez M, Campoy C. Infant formula enriched with milk fat globule membrane, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, synbiotics, gangliosides, nucleotides and sialic acid reduces infections during the first 18 months of life: The COGNIS study. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Miqdady M, Al Mistarihi J, Azaz A, Rawat D. Prebiotics in the Infant Microbiome: The Past, Present, and Future. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2020; 23:1-14. [PMID: 31988871 PMCID: PMC6966216 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2020.23.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest definition of a prebiotic is "a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit"; it now includes non-food elements and is applicable to extra-intestinal tissues. Prebiotics are recognized as a promising tool in the promotion of general health and in the prevention and treatment of numerous juvenile diseases. Prebiotics are considered an immunoactive agent, with the potential for long-lasting effects extending past active administration of the prebiotic. Because of its extremely low risk of serious adverse effects, ease of administration, and strong potential for influencing the composition and function of the microbiota in the gut and beyond, the beneficial clinical applications of prebiotics are expanding. Prebiotics are the third largest component of human breast milk. Preparations including galactooligosaccharides (GOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), 2'-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-neo-tetraose are examples of commonly used and studied products for supplementation in baby formula. In particular, the GOS/FOS combination is the most studied. Maintaining a healthy microbiome is essential to promote homeostasis of the gut and other organs. With more than 1,000 different microbial species in the gut, it is likely more feasible to modify the gut microbiota through the use of certain prebiotic mixtures rather than supplementing with a particular probiotic strain. In this review, we discuss the latest clinical evidence regarding prebiotics and its role in gut immunity, allergy, infections, inflammation, and functional gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Miqdady
- Department of Pediatric, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Amer Azaz
- Department of Pediatric, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - David Rawat
- Department of Pediatric, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Barrio J, Díaz-Martín J, Manrique I, Martín Martínez B, Ortega E. Expert consensus on the nutritional aspects of initial and follow-on infant formulas. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Barrio J, Díaz-Martín JJ, Manrique I, Martín Martínez B, Ortega E. [Expert consensus on the nutritional aspects of initial and follow-on infant formulas]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2015; 83:376-86. [PMID: 25801069 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infant feeding in the first months/years of life affects the health in the short and long term. Breastfeeding is the perfect food due to its many benefits. However, when breastfeeding is not possible, infant formulas are the best alternative. The aim of this study is to define the role of the supplemented formulas in infant nutrition using the opinion of a panel of experts in infant gastroenterology and nutrition. MATERIAL AND METHODS A survey, using 62 items, stratified into 5 blocks, was performed by 48 panelists using the Delphi method to achieve a professional criteria consensus on nutritional aspects of infant formulas. RESULTS A consensus was reached in 64.6% of the items, with a non-unified agreement being established as regards the nutritional aspects of infant formulas, and their influence in body and brain development and immune maturity. CONCLUSIONS According to the experts surveyed, there is consensus as regards the suitable composition of lipids, lactose, calcium, vitamin D, and prebiotics in infant formulas, for a correct cerebral, immune and somatic development. There was no consensus on the not yet well-defined subjects, such as nutritional quality of proteins, use of thickeners, taurine supplementation, probiotic, and symbiotic aspects. More studies are necessary to confirm these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barrio
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Infantil, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, España.
| | - J J Díaz-Martín
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Área de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - I Manrique
- Instituto Valenciano de Pediatría y Puericultura, Valencia, España
| | - B Martín Martínez
- Unidad de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Infantil, Hospital de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, España
| | - E Ortega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Maracena, Maracena, Granada, España
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Ganesan B, Weimer B, Pinzon J, Dao Kong N, Rompato G, Brothersen C, McMahon D. Probiotic bacteria survive in Cheddar cheese and modify populations of other lactic acid bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 116:1642-56. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Ganesan
- Dairy Technology and Innovation Laboratory; Western Dairy Center; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
| | - B.C. Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - J. Pinzon
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - N. Dao Kong
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - G. Rompato
- Center for Integrated BioSystems; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
| | - C. Brothersen
- Dairy Technology and Innovation Laboratory; Western Dairy Center; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
| | - D.J. McMahon
- Dairy Technology and Innovation Laboratory; Western Dairy Center; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
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