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Basthi Mohan P, Lochan R, Shetty S. Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Indian J Surg Oncol 2024; 15:261-268. [PMID: 38817995 PMCID: PMC11133295 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-023-01858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer and a major contributor to the socioeconomic burden worldwide. The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is contributed by various etiological factors like virus infection, excessive alcohol consumption, exposure to toxins, or metabolic disorders. Majority of patients are diagnosed with late-stage HCC, which restricts its management to only palliative care. HCC, if diagnosed early, increases the survival and quality of life. Currently available biomarker (alpha-fetoproteins) have several limitations, that impede the early diagnosis and staging of cancer. This warrants the continous search in pursuit of a novel biomarker. Several research works in diverse areas have contributed to the identification of various novel biomarkers that have shown multifaceted application in early disease diagnosis, which further aid in targeted and effective therapy that can prevent cancer progression. This improves the overall health status of the patient along with significant reduction in caretaker's burden. With the aid of novel technologies, several biomarkers have been investigated and validated in mutliple preliminary research works. Therefore in this review, we have outlined various novel biomarkers that showed promising outcomes in their trials and we have highlighted the developing areas that act as game changers in cancer diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Basthi Mohan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Rajiv Lochan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
- Lead Consultant Surgeon - HPB and Liver transplantation Surgery, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, 560017 Karnataka India
| | - Shiran Shetty
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
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2
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Xing Z, Du M, Zhen Y, Chen J, Li D, Liu R, Zheng J. LETMD1, a target of KLF4, hinders endothelial inflammation and pyroptosis: A protective mechanism in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Cell Signal 2023; 112:110907. [PMID: 37769890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), a metabolic disorder, is usually caused by chronic inflammation. LETM1 Domain-Containing Protein 1 (LETMD1) is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein required for mitochondrial structure. This study aims to evaluate the functional role of LETMD1 in endothelial pathogenesis of AS. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and high-fat diet apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were used to establish in vitro and in vivo models, respectively. Recombinant adenovirus vectors were constructed to investigate the role of LETMD1 in AS. mRNA sequencing was used to explore the effect of LETMD1 overexpression on gene expression in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. A dual-luciferase reporting assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR were further conducted to verify the relationship between KLF4 and LETMD1. Results showed that LETMD1 was highly expressed in the aortas of atherosclerotic animals. LETMD1 overexpression reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, pyroptosis, ROS production, and NF-κB activation in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs, whereas LETMD1 knockdown had the opposite impact. LETMD1 overexpression was involved in regulating gene expression in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. Overexpression of LETMD1 in mice reduced serum lipid levels as well as atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic roots. Furthermore, LETMD1 overexpression suppressed inflammatory reactions, cell pyroptosis, nuclear p65 protein level, cell apoptosis, and ROS generation in the aortas of AS mice. KLF4 (Krüppel-like factor 4) was found to be the transcriptional regulator of LETMD1. In conclusion, LETMD1, a target of KLF4, hinders endothelial inflammation and pyroptosis, which is a mechanism inhibiting the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xing
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Du
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Zhen
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahe Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China..
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3
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Wang T, Zhang KH. New Blood Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of AFP-Negative Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1316. [PMID: 32923383 PMCID: PMC7456927 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) followed by effective treatment is currently critical for improving the prognosis and reducing the associated economic burden. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used biomarker for HCC diagnosis. Based on elevated serum AFP levels as well as typical imaging features, AFP-positive HCC (APHC) can be easily diagnosed, but AFP-negative HCC (ANHC) is not easily detected due to lack of ideal biomarkers and thus mainly reliance on imaging. Imaging for the diagnosis of ANHC is probably insufficient in sensitivity and/or specificity because most ANHC tumors are small and early-stage HCC, and it is involved in sophisticated techniques and high costs. Moreover, ANHC accounts for nearly half of HCC and exhibits a better prognosis compared with APHC. Therefore, the diagnosis of ANHC in clinical practice has been a critical issue for the early treatment and prognosis improvement of HCC. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made to discover new biomarkers complementary to AFP for HCC diagnosis. In this review, we systematically review and discuss the recent advances of blood biomarkers for HCC diagnosis, including DNA biomarkers, RNA biomarkers, protein biomarkers, and conventional laboratory metrics, focusing on their diagnostic evaluation alone and in combination, in particular on their diagnostic performance for ANHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kun-He Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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4
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Zhu LF, Ma P, Hu YL, Feng Y, Li P, Wang H, Guo YB, Mao QS, Xue WJ. HCCR-1 is a Novel Prognostic Indicator for Gastric Cancer and Promotes Cell Proliferation. J Cancer 2019; 10:3533-3542. [PMID: 31293658 PMCID: PMC6603419 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the human cervical cancer oncogene (HCCR-1) in the development of various tumors has been elucidated; however, its expression and function in gastric cancer remains largely unknown. Accordingly, the expression of HCCR-1 and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were detected in paired gastric cancer tissues and cell lines by western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Furthermore, the correlations between HCCR-1 expression in 209 gastric cancer tissues and the clinicopathological features and disease prognosis were analyzed. A stable HCCR-1 overexpression cell line was established, and the influence of increased HCCR-1 expression on the growth of gastric cancer cells was observed in vivo and in vitro. The expression of HCCR-1 generally increased in gastric cancer tissues. Further, increased HCCR-1 expression in gastric cancer tissues was associated with tumor T stage and was an independent factor that influenced poor postoperative prognosis in gastric cancer patients. A positive correlation was also detected between the expression of EGF and HCCR-1 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The overexpression of HCCR-1 might enhance the growth rate of gastric cancer cells in vitro, increase the number of colony forming units, and promote the growth, volume, and weight of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. In conclusion, HCCR-1 is a gastric cancer oncogene, and its increased expression plays a critical role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Hence, HCCR-1 could serve as a valuable marker for the postoperative prognostic assessment of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Fei Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery , Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery , Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Lin Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery , Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery , Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery , Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Bing Guo
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin-Sheng Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery , Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wan-Jiang Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery , Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
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5
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González-Solís JL. Discrimination of different cancer types clustering Raman spectra by a super paramagnetic stochastic network approach. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213621. [PMID: 30861043 PMCID: PMC6414003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Based in high sensitivity and specificity reported recently in detection of the cancer, the technique of Raman spectroscopy is proposed to discriminate between breast cancer, leukemia and cervical cancer using blood serum samples from patients officially diagnosed. In order to classify Raman spectra, clustering method known as Super Paramagnetic Clustering based on statistical physics concepts with a stochastic approach was implemented. Comparing firstly average Raman spectra of the three cancers, some peaks that allowed differentiating one cancer from other were identified, however, other peaks allowed concluding that there are biochemical similarities among them. According to these spectra, the band associated with amide I (1654 cm-1) and one of two shoulders assigned to amide III (1230-1282 cm-1) allowed discriminating leukemia from breast and cervical cancer, whereas band 714 cm-1 (polysaccharides) achieves to differentiate cervical cancer from leukemia and breast cancer, and bulged region, 1040 - 1100 cm-1 (phenylalanine, phospholipid) discriminated breast cancer from leukemia and cervical cancer. Subsequently, Super Paramagnetic Clustering method was applied to Raman spectra to study similarity relationships between cancers based on the biochemical composition of serum samples. Finally, as a cross check method, the standard method to classify Raman spectra of breast cancer, leukemia and cervical cancer, known as principal components analysis, was used showing excellent agreement with results of Super Paramagnetic Clustering method. Preliminary results demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy and Super Paramagnetic Clustering method can be used to discriminate between breast cancer, leukemia and cervical cancer samples using blood serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- JL González-Solís
- Biophysics and Biomedical Sciences Laboratory, Centro Universitarios de los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco, Mexico
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6
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. There are two major challenges for HCC, the first being that early detection is generally not applicable, and secondly, it is usually fatal within several months after diagnosis. HCC is an inflammation-induced cancer. It is known that chronic inflammation leads to oxidative/nitrosative stress and lipid peroxidation, generating excess oxidative stress, together with aldehydes which can react with DNA bases to form promutagenic DNA adducts. In this review, the evidence between oxidative stress and liver carcinogenesis is summarized. We focused on the potential of using DNA adducts as oxidative stress biomarkers for liver carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fung-Lung Chung
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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7
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Li J, Dai X, Zhang H, Zhang W, Sun S, Gao T, Kou Z, Yu H, Guo Y, Du L, Jiang S, Zhang J, Zhou Y. Up-regulation of human cervical cancer proto-oncogene contributes to hepatitis B virus-induced malignant transformation of hepatocyte by down-regulating E-cadherin. Oncotarget 2016; 6:29196-208. [PMID: 26470691 PMCID: PMC4745720 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most fatal human malignancies, Human cervical cancer proto-oncogene (HCCR) aberrantly expressed in a number of malignant tumors, including HCC. HCC is associated with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a large percentage of cases. To explore the regulation and function of HCCR expression in the development of HCC, we detected HCCR expression in HBV expressing hepatocytes. Results showed that the expression of HCCR was higher in HBV-expressing hepatocytes than that in control cells. Examining different components of HBV revealed that the HBx promotes HCCR expression in hepatocytes via the T-cell factor (TCF)/β-catenin pathway. HCCR expression in HBx transgenic mice increased with as the mice aged and developed tumors. We also found that overexpression of HCCR in hepatocytes promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and reduced cell adhesion. Suppressing HCCR expression abolished the effect of HBx-induced hepatocyte growth. In addition, HCCR represses the expression of E-cadherin by inhibition its promoter activity, which might correlate with the effects of HCCR in hepatocytes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that HBx-HCCR-E-cadherin regulation pathway might play an important role in HBV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. They also imply that HCCR is a potential risk marker for HCC and/or a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shihui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lanying Du
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Yusen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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8
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Targeting HCCR expression resensitizes gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy via down-regulating the activation of STAT3. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24196. [PMID: 27052330 PMCID: PMC4823702 DOI: 10.1038/srep24196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human cervical cancer oncogene (HCCR) has been found to be overexpressed in a variety of human cancers. However, the level of expression of HCCR and its biological function in gastric cancer are largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated HCCR expression in several gastric cancer cell lines and in one normal gastric mucosal cell line. We established a 5-FU-resistant gastric cancer cell subline, and we evaluated its HCCR expression. HCCR expression levels were high in gastric cancer lines, and expression was significantly increased in the 5-FU-resistant cancer cell subline. HCCR expression affected cell growth by regulating apoptosis in the cancer cells, and it had a positive correlation with p-STAT3 expression. Western blot and luciferase reporter assays showed that the activation of STAT3 upregulated HCCR expression in a positive feedback loop model. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that HCCR plays an important role in the apoptosis induced by 5-FU. Our data demonstrate that HCCR is probably involved in apoptosis and cancer growth and that it functions as a p-STAT3 stimulator in a positive feedback loop model. In gastric cancer cells, HCCR confers a more aggressive phenotype and resistance to 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
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9
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Subtractive Cell-SELEX Selection of DNA Aptamers Binding Specifically and Selectively to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells with High Metastatic Potential. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5735869. [PMID: 27119081 PMCID: PMC4826907 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5735869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Relapse and metastasis are two key risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis; thus, it is emergent to develop an early and accurate detection method for prognostic evaluation of HCC after surgery. In this study, we sought to acquire oligonucleotide DNA aptamers that specifically bind to HCC cells with high metastatic potential. Two HCC cell lines derived from the same genetic background but with different metastatic potential were employed: MHCC97L (low metastatic properties) as subtractive targets and HCCLM9 (high metastatic properties) as screening targets. To mimic a fluid combining environment, initial DNA aptamers library was firstly labelled with magnetic nanoparticles using biotin-streptavidin system and then applied for aptamers selection. Through 10-round selection with subtractive Cell-SELEX, six aptamers, LY-1, LY-13, LY-46, LY-32, LY-27/45, and LY-7/43, display high affinity to HCCLM9 cells and do not bind to MHCC97L cells, as well as other tumor cell lines, including breast cancer, lung cancer, colon adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer, and cervical cancer, suggesting high specificity for HCCLM9 cells. Thus, the aptamers generated here will provide solid basis for identifying new diagnostic targets to detect HCC metastasis and also may provide valuable clues for developing new targeted therapeutics.
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10
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Cillo U, Giuliani T, Polacco M, Herrero Manley LM, Crivellari G, Vitale A. Prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma biological behavior in patient selection for liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:232-252. [PMID: 26755873 PMCID: PMC4698488 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i1.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphological criteria have always been considered the benchmark for selecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients for liver transplantation (LT). These criteria, which are often inappropriate to express the tumor’s biological behavior and aggressiveness, offer only a static view of the disease burden and are frequently unable to correctly stratify the tumor recurrence risk after LT. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and its progression as well as AFP-mRNA, AFP-L3%, des-γ-carboxyprothrombin, inflammatory markers and other serological tests appear to be correlated with post-transplant outcomes. Several other markers for patient selection including functional imaging studies such as 18F-FDG-PET imaging, histological evaluation of tumor grade, tissue-specific biomarkers, and molecular signatures have been outlined in the literature. HCC growth rate and response to pre-transplant therapies can further contribute to the transplant evaluation process of HCC patients. While AFP, its progression, and HCC response to pre-transplant therapy have already been used as a part of an integrated prognostic model for selecting patients, the utility of other markers in the transplant setting is still under investigation. This article intends to review the data in the literature concerning predictors that could be included in an integrated LT selection model and to evaluate the importance of biological aggressiveness in the evaluation process of these patients.
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11
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Qiao SK, Guo XN, Ren JH, Zhang JN, Wang Y. Quantitative detection of the human cervical cancer oncogene for monitoring the minimal residual disease in acute leukemia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:128-34. [PMID: 25034723 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214543067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cervical cancer oncogene (HCCR) has been shown to be over-expressed in some solid tumors, and its function is involved in negative regulation of p53 tumor suppressor gene. However, the roles of HCCR in leukemia remain unclear. The present study is to investigate whether the expression levels of HCCR mRNA are associated with clinical prognosis in patients with acute leukemia (AL) and to explore the potential use as a biomarker for monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) in AL. The mRNA levels of HCCR1 and HCCR2 were quantified by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in bone marrow samples from 80 adult de novo AL patients and 20 normal healthy donors. The expressions of HCCR1 and HCCR2 were significantly higher in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) than those in healthy donors (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between AML and ALL (P > 0.05). Besides white blood cell count, we did not find any significant correlation between HCCR expression and clinical characteristics, such as age, sex, CD34 antigen expression, and response to chemotherapy. HCCR was monitored in 12 cases during remission and/or relapse. Significant reductions of both HCCR1 and HCCR2 mRNA levels were observed in patients who had achieved complete remission after chemotherapy but not in patients with non-responsive. However, an increased HCCR expression was detected in these patients who relapsed. Our findings suggest that HCCR gene is over-expressed in AL patients and may be as a useful biomarker for monitoring MRD in AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Kai Qiao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Jin-Hai Ren
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Jing-Nan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
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12
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QIAO SHUKAI, REN HANYUN, SHI YONGJIN, LIU WEI. Silencing HCCR2 expression inhibits the proliferation of leukemia cells by inducing apoptosis and promoting cell cycle arrest. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:1373-9. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13
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Chen D, Shen M, Cao Y, Bo B, Chen Z, Shu Y, Li G. Electrochemical identification of hepatocellular carcinoma based on the assay of human cervical cancer oncoprotein-1 in serum. Electrochem commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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14
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Abdalla MA, Haj-Ahmad Y. Promising Urinary Protein Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma among High-Risk Hepatitis C Virus Egyptian Patients. J Cancer 2012; 3:390-403. [PMID: 23074380 PMCID: PMC3471080 DOI: 10.7150/jca.4280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma is a major healthcare problem, representing the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. There are 130 million Hepatitis C virus infected patients worldwide who are at a high-risk for developing Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Due to the fact that reliable parameters and/or tools for the early detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma among high-risk individuals are severely lacking, Hepatocellular Carcinoma patients are always diagnosed at a late stage where surgical solutions or effective treatment are not possible. Urine was collected from 106 Hepatitis C infected patients patients, 32 of whom had already developed Hepatocellular Carcinoma and 74 patients who were diagnosed as Hepatocellular Carcinoma -free at the time of initial sample collection. In addition to these patients, urine samples were also collected from 12 healthy control individuals. Total urinary proteins were isolated from the urine samples and LC-MS/MS was used to identify potential protein HCC biomarker candidates. This was followed by validating relative expression levels of proteins present in urine among all the patients using quantitative real time-PCR. This approach revealed that significant over-expression of three proteins: DJ-1, Chromatin Assembly Factor-1 (CAF-1) and Heat Shock Protein 60 (HSP60), was a characteristic event among Hepatocellular Carcinoma - post Hepatitis C virus infected patients. As a single-based Hepatocellular Carcinoma biomarker, CAF-1 over-expression identified Hepatocellular Carcinoma among Hepatitis C virus infected patients with a specificity of 90%, sensitivity of 66% and with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 78%. Moreover, the CAF-1/HSP60 tandem identified Hepatocellular Carcinoma among Hepatitis C virus infected patients with a specificity of 92%, sensitivity of 61% and with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 77%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moemen Ak Abdalla
- Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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15
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Ha SA, Kim HK, Yoo JA, Kim S, Shin SM, Gong GH, Lee YK, Kim JW. HCCRBP-3 induces tumorigenesis through direct interaction with HCCR-1 in human cancers. Mol Carcinog 2012; 53:30-7. [PMID: 22851403 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Human cervical cancer oncogene 1, HCCR-1, is over-expressed in various human tumors and appears to serve as a negative regulator of the p53 gene. HCCR-1 transgenic mice developed breast cancers but it is unknown how HCCR-1 contributes to tumorigenesis. We identified the HCCR-1 binding protein 3 (HCCRBP-3) as a binding partner for HCCR-1. These two proteins co-localized to the mitochondria. HCCRBP-3 over-expressed in various human tumors converted normal cells into tumor cells in vitro. Nude mice injected with NIH/3T3 cells stably transfected with HCCRBP-3 also induced the tumor formation. In addition, p53 showed the functional impairment in HCCRBP-3-transfected cells as accompanied with defective induction of p21 and bax. In support of this, p21 promoter activities containing p53 responsive elements were inhibited by HCCRBP-3 in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, our study suggests that HCCRBP-3 contributes to the HCCR-1 induced tumorigenesis by interrupting the p53 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ah Ha
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Cabrera R, Fitian AI, Ararat M, Xu Y, Brusko T, Wasserfall C, Atkinson MA, Liu C, Nelson DR. Serum levels of soluble CD25 as a marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2012. [PMID: 23205111 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we showed that the level of soluble CD25 (sCD25) was elevated in a small series of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we determined the capacity of serum levels of sCD25 to detect the presence and the early stage of HCC using a larger cohort of HCC patients and evaluated the correlation between sCD25 level and tumor burden. Serum levels of sCD25 were quantified using ELISA in patients with HCC (n=145), controls with advanced fibrosis (n=61) and healthy control subjects (n=30). The levels of sCD25 in patients with HCC (median, 6,955 pg/ml) were significantly higher than those in cirrhosis-only patients (4,310 pg/ml; P<0.0001). At a cut-off value of 2,180 pg/ml, sCD25 had a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 37.7% in detecting HCC presence [area under the curve (AUC) of 0.685; P<0.0001]. By comparison, α-fetoprotein (AFP) had a sensitivity of 53.8% and a specificity of 86.8% at a cut-off value of 32.8 ng/ml (AUC=0.755; P<0.0001) for HCC presence detection. For early HCC, the sensitivity of sCD25 was 89.6% and its specificity was 39.3% (AUC=0.630; P<0.0001) at a cut-off value of 2,859 pg/ml, while AFP had a sensitivity of 41.7% and a specificity of 82.6% at a cut-off value of 20.6 ng/ml (AUC=0.630; P=0.0257). We also found a significant positive correlation between serum levels of sCD25 and tumor stage. In the present study study, sCD25 was more effective than AFP at detecting the presence and early stages of HCC. This immune factor may hold promise as a novel predictive marker of HCC presence and may be useful in distinguishing early HCC from advanced cirrhosis, currently areas of global unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roniel Cabrera
- Section of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Department of Medicine
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Molecular and serum markers in hepatocellular carcinoma: Predictive tools for prognosis and recurrence. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 82:116-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Liu Y, Li K, Ren Z, Li S, Zhang H, Fan Q. Clinical implication of elevated human cervical cancer oncogene-1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Histochem Cytochem 2012; 60:512-20. [PMID: 22511601 DOI: 10.1369/0022155412444437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cervical cancer oncogene 1 (HCCR-1), a novel human oncoprotein, has been shown to be upregulated in various human tumors and plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Here, the authors investigated HCCR-1 level in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and assessed the correlation between HCCR-1 level and prognosis of the patients with ESCC. HCCR-1 levels were investigated by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting methods; Kaplan-Meier curve was used to evaluate the prognostic value of HCCR-1 level in patients with ESCC using log-rank test. HCCR-1 displayed high levels in ESCC tissues compared to squamous dysplasia tissues and normal esophageal epithelial tissues. No significant correlation was observed between the levels of HCCR-1 mRNA and protein and gender and age (all p>0.05) but obviously related to histological grade, clinical stage, and lymph node metastasis (all p<0.001). Moreover, the survival rate of the patients with low HCCR-1 levels was higher than that of the patients with high HCCR-1 levels (both p<0.05). These data demonstrate that HCCR-1 may be used as a novel predictor for the prognosis of the patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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Silencing of the HCCR2 gene induces apoptosis and suppresses the aggressive phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in culture. J Gastrointest Surg 2011; 15:1807-13. [PMID: 21796456 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-011-1633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human cervical cancer oncogene HCCR-2 is overexpressed in various malignant tumors and cell lines, and might function as a negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor. Here, we used RNA interference strategies to evaluate the role of HCCR-2 in liver cancer, and to explore its potential therapeutic effect. METHODS Changes of HepG2 cells stably transfected by an HCCR-2 RNA interference vector were detected by real-time PCR, MTT staining, plate colony formation, flow cytometry, and cell migration experiments. Apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 and Bax levels were measured by Western blot. RESULTS Our results showed that of the three siRNA-expressing vectors, siRNA-H3 had a suppressive effect on the expression of HCCR-2 mRNA, interfering with proliferation and migration of HCCR-2. Moreover, the apoptotic rate also increased, and cells transfected by siRNA-H3 were blocked in the G0/G1 stage. Plate colony formation experiments demonstrated that the single cell clone formation capacity of HepG2-H3 cells was clearly lower than that of HepG2 and HepG2-N cells. Western blot results indicated that the expression of Bcl-2 was inhibited, and the expression of Bax was increased. CONCLUSIONS In summary, RNAi targeting HCCR-2 could be an effective means for suppressing malignant features of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Zhang S, Zhu YQ, Zhang GX, Jiang JK. Construction of eukaryotic expression vectors expressing siRNAs targeting the HCCR2 gene and their transfection into PANC1 cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:1463-1468. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i14.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To construct eukaryotic expression vectors expressing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting the human cervical cancer oncogene 2 (HCCR2) gene and transfect them into human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1 to obtain a cell line stably transfected with the HCCR2 siRNA plasmid.
METHODS: Multiple siRNAs targeting the HCCR2 gene were designed, chemically synthesized, and cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pGCsi-H1/Hygro/NEGative. The resulting recombinant vectors were identified by direct sequencing. After the recombinant pGCsi-HCCR plasmids were co-transfected with an HCCR eukaryotic expression vector into 293T cells, the protein expression of HCCR-2 was analyzed by Western blotting to identify the pGCsi-HCCR vector that had the highest gene knockdown efficiency. This recombinant vector was then transfected into PANC1 cells with LipofectamineTM 2000. G418-resistant clones were selected to obtain a stably transfected cell line. The expression of HCCR2 protein in stably transfected cell line was detected by Western blot.
RESULTS: The pGCsi-HCCR-3 plasmid had the highest gene knockdown efficiency and was used to transfect PANC1 cells. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that HCCR2 expression was significantly inhibited in PANC-1 cells stably transfected with the pGCsi-HCCR-3 plasmid compared to cells transfected with the empty vector.
CONCLUSION: Eukaryotic expression vectors expressing siRNAs targeting the HCCR2 gene were successfully constructed and a PANC-1 cell line stably transfected with the pGCsi-HCCR-3 plasmid was successfully established.
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Long Q, Johnson BA, Osunkoya AO, Lai YH, Zhou W, Abramovitz M, Xia M, Bouzyk MB, Nam RK, Sugar L, Stanimirovic A, Williams DJ, Leyland-Jones BR, Seth AK, Petros JA, Moreno CS. Protein-coding and microRNA biomarkers of recurrence of prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:46-54. [PMID: 21703393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An important challenge in prostate cancer research is to develop effective predictors of tumor recurrence following surgery to determine whether immediate adjuvant therapy is warranted. To identify biomarkers predictive of biochemical recurrence, we isolated the RNA from 70 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded radical prostatectomy specimens with known long-term outcomes to perform DASL expression profiling with a custom panel that we designed of 522 prostate cancer-relevant genes. We identified a panel of 10 protein-coding genes and two miRNA genes (RAD23B, FBP1, TNFRSF1A, CCNG2, NOTCH3, ETV1, BID, SIM2, LETMD1, ANXA1, miR-519d, and miR-647) that could be used to separate patients with and without biochemical recurrence (P < 0.001), as well as for the subset of 42 Gleason score 7 patients (P < 0.001). We performed an independent validation analysis on 40 samples and found that the biomarker panel was also significant at prediction of biochemical recurrence for all cases (P = 0.013) and for a subset of 19 Gleason score 7 cases (P = 0.010), both of which were adjusted for relevant clinical information including T-stage, prostate-specific antigen, and Gleason score. Importantly, these biomarkers could significantly predict clinical recurrence for Gleason score 7 patients. These biomarkers may increase the accuracy of prognostication following radical prostatectomy using formalin-fixed specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Ai J, Huang H, Lv X, Tang Z, Chen M, Chen T, Duan W, Sun H, Li Q, Tan R, Liu Y, Duan J, Yang Y, Wei Y, Li Y, Zhou Q. FLNA and PGK1 are two potential markers for progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 27:207-16. [PMID: 21471709 DOI: 10.1159/000327946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly diseases; metastasis and recurrence are the most important factors that affect the therapy of HCC chronically. Until now, the prognosis for the metastasis of HCC had not improved. Recently, several proteins that are related to metastasis and invasion of HCC were identified, but the effective markers still remain to be elucidated. METHODS In this study, comparative proteomics was used to study the differentially expressed proteins in two HCC cell lines MHCC97L and HCCLM9, which have low and high metastatic potentials, respectively. RESULTS Our findings indicated that filamin A (FLNA) and phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) were two significantly differentially expressed proteins, with high expression in HCCLM9 cells, and may influence the metastasis of HCC cells. CONCLUSION Taken together with the confirmation of expression on the mRNA level, we propose the use of FLNA and PGK1 as potential markers for the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Ai
- Core Facility of Genetically Engineered Mice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhao L, Mou DC, Peng JR, Huang L, Wu ZA, Leng XS. Diagnostic value of cancer-testis antigen mRNA in peripheral blood from hepatocellular carcinoma patients. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:4072-8. [PMID: 20731022 PMCID: PMC2928462 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i32.4072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic value of cancer-testis antigen (CTA) mRNA in peripheral blood samples from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.
METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were taken from 90 patients with HCC before operation. Expression of melanoma antigen-1 (MAGE-1), synovial sarcoma X breakpoint-1 (SSX-1), and cancer-testis-associated protein of 11 kDa (CTp11) mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was tested by nested reverse transcripts-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) in these patients was also determined.
RESULTS: The positive rate of MAGE-1, SSX-1 and CTp11 transcripts was 37.7%, 34.4%, 31.1% in PBMC samples, and 74.4%, 73.3%, 62.2% in their resected tumor samples, respectively. The positive rate for at least one of the transcripts of three CTA genes was 66.7% in PBMC samples and 91.1% in their resected tumor samples. MAGE-1, SSX-1 and/or CTp11 mRNA were not detected in the PBMC of those patients from whom the resected tumor samples were MAGE-1, SSX-1 and/or CTp11 mRNA negative, nor in the PBMC samples from 20 healthy donors and 10 cirrhotic patients. Among the 90 patients, the serum AFP in 44 patients met the general diagnostic standard (AFP > 400 μg/L) for HCC, and was negative (AFP ≤ 20 μg/L) or positive with a low concentration (20 μg/L < AFP ≤ 400 μg/L) in the other patients. The positive rate for at least one of the transcripts of three CTA genes in PBMC samples from the AFP negative or positive patients with a low concentration was 69.2% and 45.0%, respectively. Of the 90 patients, 71 (78.9%) were diagnosed as HCC by nested RT-PCR and serum AFP. Although the positive rate for at least one of the transcripts of three CTA genes in PBMC samples from 53 patients at TNM stage III or IV was obviously higher than that in PBMC samples from 37 patients at stage I or II (77.9% vs 51.4%, P = 0.010), the CTA mRNA was detected in 41.7% and 56.0% of PBMC samples from HCC patients at stages I and II, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Detecting MAGE-1, SSX-1 and CTp11 mRNA in PBMC improves the total diagnostic rate of HCC.
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Ha SA, Kim HK, Yoo J, Kim S, Shin SM, Lee YS, Hur SY, Kim YW, Kim TE, Chung YJ, Jeun SS, Kim DW, Park YG, Kim J, Shin SY, Lee YH, Kim JW. Transdifferentiation-inducing HCCR-1 oncogene. BMC Cell Biol 2010; 11:49. [PMID: 20591135 PMCID: PMC2909153 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-11-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell transdifferentiation is characterized by loss of some phenotypes along with acquisition of new phenotypes in differentiated cells. The differentiated state of a given cell is not irreversible. It depends on the up- and downregulation exerted by specific molecules. Results We report here that HCCR-1, previously shown to play an oncogenic role in human cancers, induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in human and mouse, respectively. The stem cell factor receptor CD117/c-Kit was induced in this transdifferentiated (EMT) sarcoma tissues. This MET occurring in HCCR-1 transfected cells is reminiscent of the transdifferentiation process during nephrogenesis. Indeed, expression of HCCR-1 was observed during the embryonic development of the kidney. This suggests that HCCR-1 might be involved in the transdifferentiation process of cancer stem cell. Conclusions Therefore, we propose that HCCR-1 may be a regulatory factor that stimulates morphogenesis of epithelia or mesenchyme during neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ah Ha
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Catholic Medical Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Xu Z, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Yang Y, Shi R, Hao B, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Kim JW, Zhang G. Epidermal growth factor induces HCCR expression via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:161. [PMID: 20423485 PMCID: PMC2880295 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cervical cancer oncoprotein 1 (HCCR-1), reported as a negative regulator of p53, is over-expressed in a variety of human cancers. However, it is yet unknown whether HCCR-1 plays any role in pancreatic cancer development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of epidermal growth factor on the expression of HCCR in pancreatic cancer cells, and to explore if PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway mediated this expression. METHODS A polyclonal antibody against HCCR protein was raised by immunizing Balb/c mice with the purified recombinant protein pMBPc-HCCR. Tissue samples were constructed on a tissue chip, and the expression of HCCR was investigated by immunohistochemistry assay and Western blotting. Pancreatic cell line, PANC-1 cells were stably transfected with plasmids containing sense-HCCR-1 fragment and HCCR siRNA fragment. MTT and transwell assay were used to investigate the proliferation and invasion of stable tansfectants. The specific inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR was used to see if PI3K/mTOR signal transduction was involved in the induction of HCCR gene expression. A Luciferase assay was used to see if Akt can enhance the HCCR promoter activity. RESULTS HCCR was up-regulated in pancreatic tumor tissues (mean Allred score 4.51+/-1.549 vs. 2.87+/-2.193, P<0.01), especially with high expression in poorly differentiated pancreatic cancer. The growth of cells decreased in HCCR-1 siRNA transfected cells compared with vector transfectants. The number of invasion cells was significantly lower in HCCR-1 siRNA transfected cells (24.4+/-9.9) than that in vector transfectants (49.1+/-15.4). Treatment of PANC-1 cells with epidermal growth factor increased HCCR protein level in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, application of LY294002 and rapamycin caused a dramatic reduction of epidermal growth factor-induced HCCR expression. Over-expression of exogenous constitutively active Akt increased the HCCR promoter activity; in contrast, dominant negative Akt decreased the promoter activity. CONCLUSIONS EGF-induced HCCR-1 over-expression is mediated by PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling which plays a pivotal role in pancreatic tumor progression, suggesting that HCCR-1 could be a potential target for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Pleguezuelo M, Lopez-Sanchez LM, Rodriguez-Ariza A, Montero JL, Briceno J, Ciria R, Muntane J, de la Mata M. Proteomic analysis for developing new biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2010; 2:127-35. [PMID: 21160983 PMCID: PMC2998961 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v2.i3.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify new markers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using a proteomic analysis. METHODS Patients with liver cirrhosis of the three most frequent etiologies: hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus and alcoholic liver disease, were included in the study. The samples were analysed by 2D-electrophoresis in order to determine the differential protein expression. The proteins were separated according to the charge in immobilized pH 3-10 gradient strips and then by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proteins of interest were excised, digested with trypsin and the resulting peptides were separated and identified. RESULTS Three differentially expressed apolipoproteins (Apo) were identified based on the protein profile using proteomic techniques: Apo-A1, Apo-A4 and Apo-E. Apo-A4 levels were significantly lower in HCC than in non-HCC patients regardless of etiology (P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression showed that Apo-A4 and Apo-A1 were the only independent factors related to HCC diagnosis (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve including both Apo-A4 and Apo-A1 showed an area under the ROC of 0.944 (P < 0.001), a sensitivity of 0.89 and a specificity of 0.81 for diagnosis of HCC. CONCLUSION Apo-A4 and Apo-A1 may be used clinically as biomarkers of HCC with a high sensibility and specificity. These findings may provide additional insights into the mechanism of HCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pleguezuelo
- Maria Pleguezuelo, Ruben Ciria, Liver Research Unit and Academic Department of Surgery, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Avda Menendez Pidal s/n, Cordoba 14004, Spain
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Wu L, Peng CW, Hou JX, Zhang YH, Chen C, Chen LD, Li Y. Coronin-1C is a novel biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma invasive progression identified by proteomics analysis and clinical validation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2010; 29:17. [PMID: 20181269 PMCID: PMC2845108 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background To better search for potential markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasion and metastasis, proteomic approach was applied to identify potential metastasis biomarkers associated with HCC. Methods Membrane proteins were extracted from MHCC97L and HCCLM9 cells, with a similar genetic background and remarkably different metastasis potential, and compared by SDS-PAGE and identified by ESI-MS/MS. The results were further validated by western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry (IHC) of tumor tissues from HCCLM9- and MHCC97L-nude mice, and clinical specimens. Results Membrane proteins were extracted from MHCC97L and HCCLM9 cell and compared by SDS-PAGE analyses. A total of 14 differentially expressed proteins were identified by ESI-MS/MS. Coronin-1C, a promising candidate, was found to be overexpressed in HCCLM9 cells as compared with MHCC97L cells, and validated by western blot and IHC from both nude mice tumor tissues and clinical specimens. Coronin-1C level showed an abrupt upsurge when pulmonary metastasis occurred. Increasing coronin-1C expression was found in liver cancer tissues of HCCLM9-nude mice with spontaneous pulmonary metastasis. IHC study on human HCC specimens revealed that more patients in the higher coronin-1C group had overt larger tumor and more advanced stage. Conclusions Coronin-1C could be a candidate biomarker to predict HCC invasive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuchang District, 430071 Wuhan, PR China
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Andreana L, Isgrò G, Pleguezuelo M, Germani G, Burroughs AK. Surveillance and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis. World J Hepatol 2009; 1:48-61. [PMID: 21160965 PMCID: PMC2998953 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v1.i1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early identification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more frequent because of surveillance programs for HCC worldwide. The optimal strategy of surveillance in cirrhosis is a current topical issue. In terms of diagnosis, recent advances in non-invasive imaging technology, including various techniques of harmonic ultrasound, new ultrasound contrast agents, multi-slice helical computed tomography and rapid high quality magnetic resonance, have all improved the accuracy of diagnosis. Consequently the role of liver biopsy in diagnosis of HCC has declined. The imaging diagnosis relies on the hallmark of arterial hypervascularity with portal venous washout. However, with recent advances in genomics and proteomics a great number of potential serum and tissue markers have been identified and are being developed as new candidate markers for both diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, and may increase the need for liver biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Andreana
- Lorenzo Andreana, Graziella Isgrò, Maria Pleguezuelo, Giacomo Germani, Andrew K Burroughs, The Royal Free Sheila Sherlock Liver Center, Departement of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
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Cho GW, Kim MH, Kim SH, Ha SA, Kim HK, Kim S, Kim JW. TCF/beta-catenin plays an important role in HCCR-1 oncogene expression. BMC Mol Biol 2009; 10:42. [PMID: 19435525 PMCID: PMC2693525 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-10-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncogene HCCR-1 functions as a negative regulator of the p53 and contributes to tumorigenesis of various human tissues. However, it is unknown how HCCR-1 contributes to the cellular and biochemical mechanisms of human tumorigenesis. Results In this study, we showed how the expression of HCCR-1 is modulated. The luciferase activity assay indicated that the HCCR-1 5'-flanking region at positions -166 to +30 plays an important role in HCCR-1 promoter activity. Computational analysis of this region identified two consensus sequences for the T-cell factor (TCF) located at -26 to -4 (Tcf1) and -136 to -114 (Tcf2). Mutation at the Tcf1 site led to a dramatic decrease in promoter activity. Mobility shift assays (EMSA) revealed that nuclear proteins bind to the Tcf1 site, but not to the Tcf2 site. LiCl, Wnt signal activator by GSK-3β inhibition, significantly increased reporter activities in wild-type Tcf1-containing constructs, but were without effect in mutant Tcf1-containing constructs in HEK/293 cells. In addition, endogenous HCCR-1 expression was also increased by treatment with GSK-3β inhibitor, LiCl or AR-A014418 in HEK/293 and K562 cells. Finally, we also observed that the transcription factor, TCF, and its cofactor, β-catenin, bound to the Tcf1 site. Conclusion These findings suggest that the Tcf1 site on the HCCR-1 promoter is a major element regulating HCCR-1 expression and abnormal stimulation of this site may induce various human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goang-Won Cho
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Korea.
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Pei Y, Zhang T, Renault V, Zhang X. An overview of hepatocellular carcinoma study by omics-based methods. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2009; 41:1-15. [PMID: 19129945 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmn001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly malignancies worldwide. Scientists have been studying the molecular mechanism of HCC for years, but the understanding of it remains incomplete and scattered across the literature at different molecular levels. Chromosomal aberrations, epigenetic abnormality and changes of gene expression have been reported in HCC. High-throughput omics technologies have been widely applied, aiming at the discovery of candidate biomarkers for cancer staging, prediction of recurrence and prognosis, and treatment selection. Large amounts of data on genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, gene expression profiles, microRNA expression profiles and proteomics have been accumulating, and bioinformatics is playing a more and more important role. In this paper, we review the current omics-based studies on HCC at the levels of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. Integrating observations from multiple aspects is an essential step toward the systematic understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Pei
- TNLIST/Department of Automation, Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, MOE Key Laboratory, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Kanduc D. Epitopic peptides with low similarity to the host proteome: towards biological therapies without side effects. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 9:45-53. [DOI: 10.1517/14712590802614041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Pleguezuelo M, Germani G, Marelli L, Xiruochakis E, Misseri M, Manousou P, Arvaniti V, Burroughs AK. Evidence-based diagnosis and locoregional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 2:761-84. [PMID: 19090737 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2.6.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Early identification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is crucial to improving the results of therapy and for patients to be eligible for liver transplantation. Recent advances in noninvasive imaging technology include various techniques of harmonic ultrasound, new ultrasound contrast agents, multislice helical computed tomography and rapid high-quality magnetic resonance. The imaging diagnosis relies on the hallmark of arterial hypervascularity with portal venous washout. Since the use of better radiological techniques has improved the accuracy of noninvasive diagnosis, the role of liver biopsy in the diagnosis of HCC has declined. With recent advances in genomics and proteomics, a great number of potential markers have been identified and developed as new candidate markers for HCC. Locoregional therapies currently constitute the best options for early nonsurgical treatment of HCC. Percutaneous ethanol injection shows similar results to resection surgery for single tumors less than 3 cm in diameter. Radiofrequency ablation is superior to percutaneous ethanol injection in terms of local recurrence. Transarterial chemoembolization is currently the most common approach for the management of HCC without curative options since it improves patient survival, but the optimal embolizing agent, length of interval between sessions and whether the chemotherapeutic agent has any effect have not yet been determined. Combining transarterial chemoembolization with antiangiogenic agents, as well as with other techniques, such as radiofrequency ablation, may improve the results. Injection of radioisotopes such as yttrium-90, via the hepatic artery, may be particularly useful in patients with portal vein thrombosis. Comparisons with other transarterial techniques are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pleguezuelo
- The Royal Free Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK.
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Yoon SK. Recent advances in tumor markers of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Intervirology 2008; 51 Suppl 1:34-41. [PMID: 18544946 DOI: 10.1159/000122596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most devastating malignancies in the world and is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in Korea. Because most HCC are accompanied by chronic liver disease that results from hepatitis B or C viruses, prognosis is still poor even after surgical resection of the tumor. Moreover, diagnosis of advanced HCC still leads to an extremely bleak prognosis. Earlier detection of HCC, therefore, could improve patient survival. Accordingly, the development of tumor markers that can detect HCC at even earlier stages is essential. The functions of tumor markers include prediction of prognosis or therapeutic response as well as diagnosis or screening of cancer. Possible candidate tumor markers may be quantitative alterations in DNA-, RNA- or protein-based molecules in tumorous conditions assessed by various technologies, e.g. serological assays, microarrays, mass spectrometry and proteomics. However, validation and clinical implementation is needed after the discovery of novel genes. An ideal tumor marker for HCC would be sensitive and specific enabling to differentiate it at an early stage from premalignant lesions like dysplastic nodules. In addition, the marker should be easily measurable, reproducible and minimally invasive. Although it is important to identify new biomarkers for HCC, the validation and cost-effectiveness of those markers as diagnostic or prognostic tools need confirmation in large-scale studies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Kew Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ha SA, Shin SM, Lee YJ, Kim S, Kim HK, Namkoong H, Lee H, Lee YS, Cho YS, Park YG, Jeon HM, Oh C, Kim JW. HCCRBP-1 directly interacting with HCCR-1 induces tumorigenesis through P53 stabilization. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:501-8. [PMID: 17943721 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oncogene HCCR-1 functions as a negative regulator of the p53 and contributes to tumorigenesis of various human tissues. HCCR transgenic mice developed breast cancers but it is unknown how HCCR-1 contributes to human tumorigenesis. This study identified a HCCR-1-binding protein 1 (HCCRBP-1) as an HCCR binding partner by performing yeast two hybrid screening. Their endogenous interaction was further confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation experiments. These two proteins colocalized in the mitochondria. HCCRBP-1 was overexpressed in various human tumors. In addition, HCCRBP-1 alone converted NIH/3T3 cells into tumor cells in combination with no other oncogenes. HCCRBP-1 induced tumorigenesis by markedly activating PKC activities but decreasing the pro-apoptotic PKC alpha and PKC delta isoform levels. We observed that p53 stabilization also occurred with functional impairment in HCCRBP-1-transfected 293 cells, as indicated by defective induction of p21, MDM2 and bax. Indeed, HCCRBP-1 decreased p21 promoter activity probably via p53 stabilization leading to the defective function. These results indicate that HCCRBP-1 oncogene induces p53 stabilization and thereby contributes to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ah Ha
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea
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Saffroy R, Pham P, Reffas M, Takka M, Lemoine A, Debuire B. New perspectives and strategy research biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 45:1169-79. [PMID: 17635075 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2007.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus or chronic alcohol intake is associated with major risk. Systematic screening for HCC of asymptomatic patients with cirrhosis is needed for earlier detection of small tumors requiring treatment (liver transplantation, surgical resection, percutaneous techniques). The recommended screening strategy among cirrhotic patients is based on regular liver ultrasonography associated with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) assay. As the performance of AFP is not satisfactory, additional tumoral markers are proposed (des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin, glycosylated AFP-L3 fraction). Currently, diagnosis of HCC in cirrhotic patients includes non-invasive tests (imaging after contrast administration, AFP assay); diagnostic biopsy is performed when imaging is limited. After treatment, tumor recurrence is assessed by regular follow-up (AFP assay and imaging). Despite the lack of accurate markers, recent developments in genomic and proteomic approaches will allow the discovery of new biomarkers for primary tumors, as well as for recurrence. This review summarizes the current state of biomarkers for screening, diagnosis and follow-up of HCC, and highlights new perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Saffroy
- Service de Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire et Toxicologie, Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Université Paris-Sud, UMR-S602, Villejuif, INSERM, Villejuif, France.
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Determination of the Optimal Cutoff Point using Adjusted Stratum-Specific Likelihood Ratios when Disease Verification is subject to Verification Bias. KOREAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS 2007. [DOI: 10.5351/kjas.2007.20.3.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cho GW, Shin SM, Kim HK, Ha SA, Kim S, Yoon JH, Hur SY, Kim TE, Kim JW. HCCR-1, a novel oncogene, encodes a mitochondrial outer membrane protein and suppresses the UVC-induced apoptosis. BMC Cell Biol 2007; 8:50. [PMID: 18045496 PMCID: PMC2222240 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-8-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Human cervical cancer oncogene (HCCR-1) has been isolated as a human oncoprotein, and has shown strong tumorigenic features. Its potential role in tumorigenesis may result from a negative regulation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Results To investigate the biological function of HCCR-1 in the cell, we predicted biological features using bioinformatic tools, and have identified a LETM1 homologous domain at position 75 to 346 of HCCR-1. This domain contains proteins identified from diverse species predicted to be mitochondrial proteins. Fluorescence microscopy and fractionation experiments showed that HCCR-1 is located in mitochondria in the COS-7, MCF-7 and HEK/293 cell lines, and subcompartamentally at the outer membrane in the HEK/293 cell line. The topological structure was revealed as the NH2-terminus of HCCR-1 oriented toward the cytoplasm. We also observed that the D1-2 region, at position 1 to 110 of HCCR-1, was required and sufficient for posttranslational mitochondrial import. The function of HCCR-1 on mitochondrial membrane is to retard the intrinsic apoptosis induced by UVC and staurosporine, respectively. Conclusion Our experiments show the biological features of HCCR-1 in the cell, and suggest that uncontrolled expression of HCCR-1 may cause mitochondrial dysfunction that can result in resisting the UVC or staurosporine-induced apoptosis and progressing in the tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goang-Won Cho
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea.
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Kanmura S, Uto H, Kusumoto K, Ishida Y, Hasuike S, Nagata K, Hayashi K, Ido A, Stuver SO, Tsubouchi H. Early diagnostic potential for hepatocellular carcinoma using the SELDI ProteinChip system. Hepatology 2007; 45:948-56. [PMID: 17393466 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Early detection of HCC increases the potential for curative treatment and improves survival. To facilitate early detection of HCC, this study sought to identify novel diagnostic markers of HCC using surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF/MS) ProteinChip technology. Serum samples were obtained from 153 patients with or without HCC, all of whom had been diagnosed with HCV-associated chronic liver disease. To identify proteins associated with HCC, serum samples were analyzed using SELDI-TOF/MS. We constructed an initial decision tree for the correct diagnosis of HCC using serum samples from patients with (n = 35) and without (n = 44) HCC. Six protein peaks were selected to construct a decision tree using this first group. The efficacy of the decision tree was then assessed using a second group of patients with (n = 29) and without (n = 33) HCC. The sensitivity and specificity of this decision tree for the diagnosis of HCC were 83% and 76%, respectively. For a third group, we analyzed sera from seven patients with HCC obtained before the diagnosis of HCC by ultrasonography (US) and from five patients free of HCC for the past 3 years. Use of these diagnostic markers predicted the diagnosis of HCC in six of these seven patients before HCC was clinically apparent without any false positives. CONCLUSION Serum profiling using the SELDI ProteinChip system is useful for the early detection and prediction of HCC in patients with chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Kanmura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Wright LM, Kreikemeier JT, Fimmel CJ. A concise review of serum markers for hepatocellular cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 31:35-44. [PMID: 17293059 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdp.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising incidence of hepatocellular cancer in the US and worldwide has sparked a renewed interest in HCC serum markers. HCC typically develops in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. It is in these target populations that serum markers are most urgently needed. Unfortunately, the currently available markers lack sensitivity and specificity. A number of novel candidate markers have recently been introduced. METHODS We performed a review of the literature (2001-2006) of traditional and novel serum markers for hepatocellular cancer. RESULTS Several promising new HCC markers have been identified over the past 5 years. They include single proteins, complex proteomics features, and tumor-specific autoantibodies. The excitement about the new markers is tempered by the realization that none of them have yet met the most stringent criteria defined by the Early Detection Research Network (EDRN). CONCLUSION A new generation of HCC serum markers awaits validation in properly controlled clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorinda M Wright
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Loyola University, Chicago, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Abstract
We have compiled from literature and other sources a list of 1261 proteins believed to be differentially expressed in human cancer. These proteins, only some of which have been detected in plasma to date, represent a population of candidate plasma biomarkers that could be useful in early cancer detection and monitoring given sufficiently sensitive specific assays. We have begun to prioritize these markers for future validation by frequency of literature citations, both total and as a function of time. The candidates include proteins involved in oncogenesis, angiogenesis, development, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, hematopoiesis, immune and hormonal responses, cell signaling, nucleotide function, hydrolysis, cellular homing, cell cycle and structure, the acute phase response and hormonal control. Many have been detected in studies of tissue or nuclear components; nevertheless we hypothesize that most if not all should be present in plasma at some level. Of the 1261 candidates only 9 have been approved as "tumor associated antigens" by the FDA. We propose that systematic collection and large-scale validation of candidate biomarkers would fill the gap currently existing between basic research and clinical use of advanced diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malu Polanski
- The Plasma Proteome Institute, P.O. Box: 53450, Washington DC, 20009-3450, USA
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Shin SM, Chung YJ, Oh ST, Jeon HM, Hwang LJ, Namkoong H, Kim HK, Cho GW, Hur SY, Kim TE, Lee YS, Park YG, Ko J, Kim JW. HCCR-1-interacting molecule "deleted in polyposis 1" plays a tumor-suppressor role in colon carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2006; 130:2074-86. [PMID: 16762630 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Human cervical cancer oncogene (HCCR-1) has appeared to act as a negative regulator of p53 and contributes to tumorigenesis of various organs including the colon. We identified the HCCR-1 binding protein deleted in polyposis 1 (DP1) and accessed the role of HCCR-1 and DP1 in colon tumorigenesis. METHODS Yeast 2-hybrid was used to identify HCCR-1 interacting proteins. Various molecular biological approaches were used to examine the expression profile of HCCR-1 and DP1, subcellular localization, epitope mapping, the biological role of DP1, and the serum HCCR-1 level. Loss of heterozygosity frequency around DP1 also was examined. RESULTS We identified that HCCR-1 interacted with DP1. These 2 proteins colocalized in mitochondria but the expression of HCCR-1 showed negative correlation with that of DP1 in colorectal cancer (CRC). DP1 played a tumor-suppressor role in colon tumorigenesis (ie, DP1-transfected RKO cells showed growth inhibition, apoptosis, decreased telomerase activity, and up-regulation of p53). These phenomena were reversed when HCCR-1 was overexpressed. Loss of heterozygosity around the DP1 gene was observed frequently (50%) in CRCs. We examined the use of serum HCCR-1 in CRC patients. The sensitivity of HCCR-1 (76.0%) for detecting CRC was proven to be much higher than that of CA19-9 (32.0%). CONCLUSIONS DP1 plays a tumor-suppressor role in CRC. DP1 and HCCR-1 are supposed to regulate each other negatively by interaction, but further study is required to get better insight into the biological significance of the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Shin
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Jung SS, Park HS, Lee IJ, Namkoong H, Shin SM, Cho GW, Ha SA, Park YG, Lee YS, Ko J, Kim JW. The HCCR oncoprotein as a biomarker for human breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 11:7700-8. [PMID: 16278390 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE HCCR oncoprotein is reported to be related to tumorigenesis, including breast cancer, functioning as a negative regulator of p53. Mice transgenic for HCCR developed breast cancers. The objective of this study was to validate the HCCR oncoprotein as a candidate biomarker for breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN HCCR expression in breast cancer cells was analyzed by quantitative PCR, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and confocal microscopy. Epitope areas were determined using mass spectrometry through the analysis of time-dependent tryptic fragment patterns of HCCR. HCCR expression profiles in breast cancer patient sera were analyzed, and correlations with clinicopathologic data and carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) levels were determined. RESULTS HCCR was up-regulated in breast cancer cells and tissues. The epitope regions of HCCR recognized by monoclonal antibody (BCS-1) were HFWTPK and QQTDFLDIYHAFR. According to fluorescence-activated cell sorting and confocal microscopic analysis, BCS-1 was bound to HCCR antigen on the cell surface. Serum HCCR concentrations were measured using ELISA from 299 subjects, including 129 patients with breast cancer, 24 patients with benign breast disease, and 158 normal volunteers, and comparisons were made to CA15-3. Serologic studies revealed an 86.8% sensitivity for HCCR in breast cancer, which was higher than 21.0% for CA15-3. Eighty-six of 98 (87.8%) patients with breast cancers that were negative for CA15-3 were positive for HCCR-1. A positive response rate of 83.3% was identified even at early stages for pathologic factors in breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS The HCCR assay has an advantage over CA15-3 in diagnosing breast cancer and detecting early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Seol Jung
- Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignant tumors and is the second most common cause of cancer death in China. Therefore, it is very important to detect this disease and the recurrence at its earlier period. Serum tumor markers, as the effective method for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma for a long time, could be divided into 4 categories: oncofetal antigens and glycoprotein antigens; enzymes and isoenzymes; genes; and cytokines. Serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used tumor marker in detecting patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and has been proven to have capability of prefiguring the prognosis. However, it has been indicated that AFP-L3 and DCP excel AFP in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from nonmalignant hepatopathy and detecting small hepatocellular carcinoma. Some tumor markers, such as human cervical cancer oncogene and human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA, have also been indicated to have higher accuracies than AFP. Furthermore, some other tumor markers, such as glypican-3, gamma-glutamyl transferase II, alpha-l-fucosidase, transforming growth factor-beta1, tumor-specific growth factor, have been indicated to be available supplementaries to AFP in the detection. AFP mRNA has been shown to correlate with the metastasis and recurrence of HCC, and it may be the most useful marker to prefigure the prognosis. Some other markers, such as gamma-glutamyl transferase mRNA, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin-8, could also be used as available prognostic indicators, and the simultaneous determination of AFP and these markers may detect the recurrence of HCC at its earlier period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Division of Biotherapy for Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Steel JL, Eton DT, Cella D, Olek MC, Carr BI. Clinically meaningful changes in health-related quality of life in patients diagnosed with hepatobiliary carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2005; 17:304-12. [PMID: 16357021 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdj072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To test the reliability, sensitivity to change in biomarkers associated with disease progression and response to treatment, and clinical meaningfulness of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) in patients with hepatobiliary carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and fifty-eight patients diagnosed with hepatobiliary carcinoma were prospectively studied. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) was assessed at baseline (prior to treatment), 3-month follow-up (n=55) and 6-month follow-up (n=27). RESULTS The internal consistency of all the scales of the FACT-Hep were adequate at all time points (>0.75). The FACT-Hep was found to be sensitive to changes in clinical indicators (alkaline phosphate, alpha-fetoprotein, hemoglobin and survival) that reflect disease progression and response to treatment. Combined results from distribution-based and cross-sectional anchor-based analyses provide the following minimally important difference (MID) estimates: FACT-General (FACT-G) subscales=2-3; FACT-G=6-7; Hepatobiliary Cancer Subscale=5-6; FACT-Hep=8-9; Trial Outcome Index=7-8; and FACT-Hepatobiliary Symptom Index=2-3 points. CONCLUSIONS The FACT-Hep is a reliable instrument that is responsive to clinical indicators of disease progression and response to treatment. The MID estimates can aid interpretation of HRQL data and facilitate sample size calculation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Steel
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Starzl Transplantation Institute, Liver Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Effect of matrine on expression of HCCR1 and HCCR2 proteins in cultural human hepatocellular carcinomas cells. Chin J Cancer Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-005-0023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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