1
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Lyski RD, Bou LB, Lau UY, Meyer DW, Cochran JH, Okeley NM, Emmerton KK, Zapata F, Simmons JK, Trueblood ES, Ortiz DJ, Zaval MC, Snead KM, Jin S, Farr LM, Ryan MC, Senter PD, Jeffrey SC. Development of Novel Antibody-Camptothecin Conjugates. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:329-339. [PMID: 33273058 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a highly active and well-tolerated camptothecin (CPT) drug-linker designed for antibody-mediated drug delivery in which the lead molecule consists of a 7-aminomethyl-10,11-methylenedioxy CPT (CPT1) derivative payload attached to a novel hydrophilic protease-cleavable valine-lysine-glycine tripeptide linker. A defined polyethylene glycol stretcher was included to improve the properties of the drug-linker, facilitating high antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) drug loading, while reducing the propensity for aggregation. A CPT1 ADC with 8 drug-linkers/mAb displayed a pharmacokinetic profile coincident with parental unconjugated antibody and had high serum stability. The ADCs were broadly active against cancer cells in vitro and in mouse xenograft models, giving tumor regressions and complete responses at low (≤3 mg/kg, single administration) doses. Pronounced activities were obtained in both solid and hematologic tumor models and in models of bystander killing activity and multidrug resistance. Payload release studies demonstrated that two CPTs, CPT1 and the corresponding glycine analog (CPT2), were released from a cAC10 ADC by tumor cells. An ADC containing this drug-linker was well tolerated in rats at 60 mg/kg, given weekly four times. Thus, ADCs comprised of this valine-lysine-glycine linker with CPT drug payloads have promise in targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Uland Y Lau
- Neoleukin Therapeutics, Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven Jin
- Seagen Inc., Bothell, Seattle, Washington
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2
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Shrestha A, Park S, Shin S, Man Kadayat T, Bist G, Katila P, Kwon Y, Lee ES. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, structure-activity relationship study, and mode of action of 2-phenol-4,6-dichlorophenyl-pyridines. Bioorg Chem 2018; 79:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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3
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Nanavati C, Mager DE. Calculated Log D Is Inversely Correlated With Select Camptothecin Clearance and Efficacy in Colon Cancer Xenografts. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1561-6. [PMID: 27019967 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative structure-property relationships are often derived to identify molecular determinants of drug potency and facilitate drug design. However, compound activity is typically based on in vitro bioassays, and the influence of physicochemical properties on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) behavior is not considered. Here, we integrate PK/PD and quantitative structure-property relationship modeling to evaluate the role of lipophilicity in camptothecin antitumor responses in colon cancer xenografts. Drug exposure and tumor growth profiles for 5 camptothecins were extracted from the literature. A PK/PD model with time-dependent transduction was developed, which characterized PK and tumor growth inhibition. Correlations between drug lipophilicity (log D), in vitro potency (IC50), and in vivo efficacy and systemic clearance parameters were tested. Models were qualified using leave-one-out cross-validation. Efficacy and clearance of analogs decreased linearly with increasing log D values; efficacy exhibiting a steeper decline relative to clearance. Cross-validated R(2) for predicting in vivo efficacy was 0.55 and 0.18 using log D and in vitro IC50 as the descriptors. Lipophilicity may represent a better predictor of in vivo efficacy than in vitro IC50 measurements for camptothecins. The identified relationships between efficacy, clearance, and lipohilicity may help guide development of new camptothecin analogs and delivery systems with improved pharmacologic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charvi Nanavati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Donald E Mager
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY.
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4
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Westover D, Ling X, Lam H, Welch J, Jin C, Gongora C, Del Rio M, Wani M, Li F. FL118, a novel camptothecin derivative, is insensitive to ABCG2 expression and shows improved efficacy in comparison with irinotecan in colon and lung cancer models with ABCG2-induced resistance. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:92. [PMID: 25928015 PMCID: PMC4427926 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irinotecan is a camptothecin analogue currently used in clinical practice to treat advanced colorectal cancer. However, acquired resistance mediated by the drug efflux pump ABCG2 is a recognized problem. We reported on a novel camptothecin analogue, FL118, which shows anticancer activity superior to irinotecan. In this study, we sought to investigate the potency of FL118 versus irinotecan or its active metabolite, SN-38, in both in vitro and in vivo models of human cancer with high ABCG2 activity. We also sought to assess the potency and ABCG2 affinity of several FL118 analogues with B-ring substitutions. Methods Colon and lung cancer cells with and without ABCG2 overexpression were treated with FL118 in the presence and absence of Ko143, an ABCG2-selective inhibitor, or alternatively by genetically modulating ABCG2 expression. Using two distinct in vivo human tumor animal models, we further assessed whether FL118 could extend time to progression in comparison with irinotecan. Lastly, we investigated a series of FL118 analogues with B-ring substitutions for ABCG2 sensitivity. Results Both pharmacological inhibition and genetic modulation of ABCG2 demonstrated that, in contrast to SN-38, FL118 was able to bypass ABCG2-mediated drug resistance. FL118 also extended time to progression in both in vivo models by more than 50% compared with irinotecan. Lastly, we observed that FL118 analogues with polar substitutions had higher affinity for ABCG2, suggesting that the nonpolar nature of FL118 plays a role in bypassing ABCG2-mediated resistance. Conclusions Our results suggest that in contrast to SN-38 and topotecan, FL118 is a poor substrate for ABCG2 and can effectively overcome ABCG2-mediated drug resistance. Our findings expand the uniqueness of FL118 and support continued development of FL118 as an attractive therapeutic option for patients with drug-refractory cancers resulting from high expression of ABCG2. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0362-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Westover
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| | - Xiang Ling
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA. .,Canget BioTekpharma, LLC, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
| | - Hong Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| | - Jacob Welch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| | - Chunyang Jin
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Celine Gongora
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier; INSERM, U896; Université Montpellier1; Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier, F-34298, Montpellier, France.
| | - Maguy Del Rio
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier; INSERM, U896; Université Montpellier1; Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier, F-34298, Montpellier, France.
| | - Mansukh Wani
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Fengzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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5
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Fang S, Chen L, Yu M, Cheng B, Lin Y, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH, Gu Q, Xu J. Synthesis, antitumor activity, and mechanism of action of 6-acrylic phenethyl ester-2-pyranone derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4714-26. [PMID: 25800703 PMCID: PMC4390547 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00007f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on the scaffolds of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) as well as bioactive lactone-containing compounds, 6-acrylic phenethyl ester-2-pyranone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated against five tumor cell lines (HeLa, C6, MCF-7, A549, and HSC-2). Most of the new derivatives exhibited moderate to potent cytotoxic activity. Moreover, HeLa cell lines showed higher sensitivity to these compounds. In particular, compound showed potent cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 0.50-3.45 μM) against the five cell lines. Further investigation on the mechanism of action showed that induced apoptosis, arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phases in HeLa cells, and inhibited migration through disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. In addition, ADMET properties were also calculated in silico, and compound showed good ADMET properties with good absorption, low hepatotoxicity, and good solubility, and thus, could easily be bound to carrier proteins, without inhibition of CYP2D6. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis indicated that compounds with ortho-substitution on the benzene ring exhibited obviously increased cytotoxic potency. This study indicated that compound is a promising compound as an antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Fang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Kwon HB, Park C, Jeon KH, Lee E, Park SE, Jun KY, Kadayat TM, Thapa P, Karki R, Na Y, Park MS, Rho SB, Lee ES, Kwon Y. A Series of Novel Terpyridine-Skeleton Molecule Derivants Inhibit Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Targeting Topoisomerases. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1100-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501023q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Byeol Kwon
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanmi Park
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Jeon
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Eun Park
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Yeon Jun
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Tara Man Kadayat
- College
of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Pritam Thapa
- College
of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Radha Karki
- College
of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwa Na
- College
of Pharmacy, Cha University, Pochon 487-010, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Park
- Research Institute,
National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bae Rho
- Research Institute,
National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Seok Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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7
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Rodriguez-Berna G, Cabañas MJD, Mangas-Sanjuán V, Gonzalez-Alvarez M, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Abasolo I, Schwartz S, Bermejo M, Corma A. Semisynthesis, cytotoxic activity, and oral availability of new lipophilic 9-substituted camptothecin derivatives. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:651-5. [PMID: 24900725 DOI: 10.1021/ml400125z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite that 9-substituted camptothecins are promising candidates in cancer therapy, the limited accessibility to this position has reduced the studies of these derivatives to a few standard modifications. We report herein a novel semisynthetic route based on the Tscherniac-Einhorn reaction to synthesize new lipophilic camptothecin derivatives with amidomethyl and imidomethyl substitutions in position 9. Compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity, topoisomerase I inhibition, and oral availability. Preliminary data demonstrated that bulky imidomethyl modification is an appropriate lipophilic substitution for an effective oral administration relative to topotecan. In addition, this general procedure paves the way for obtaining new camptothecin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Rodriguez-Berna
- Instituto Mixto de Tecnología
Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avd. de los Naranjos s/n, 46006 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Díaz Cabañas
- Instituto Mixto de Tecnología
Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avd. de los Naranjos s/n, 46006 Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor Mangas-Sanjuán
- Depto. de Ingeniería, Área Farmacia
y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera Alicante-Valencia
km. 87, 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Depto. de Ingeniería, Área Farmacia
y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera Alicante-Valencia
km. 87, 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Depto. de Ingeniería, Área Farmacia
y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera Alicante-Valencia
km. 87, 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ibane Abasolo
- CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebrón
and Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Simó Schwartz
- CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebrón
and Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Depto. de Ingeniería, Área Farmacia
y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera Alicante-Valencia
km. 87, 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto Mixto de Tecnología
Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avd. de los Naranjos s/n, 46006 Valencia, Spain
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8
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Christodoulou MS, Zunino F, Zuco V, Borrelli S, Comi D, Fontana G, Martinelli M, Lorens JB, Evensen L, Sironi M, Pieraccini S, Dalla Via L, Gia OM, Passarella D. Camptothecin-7-yl-methanthiole: Semisynthesis and Biological Evaluation. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:2134-43. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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Cassinelli G, Zuco V, Petrangolini G, De Cesare M, Tortoreto M, Lanzi C, Cominetti D, Zaffaroni N, Orlandi A, Passeri D, Meco D, Di Francesco AM, Riccardi R, Bucci F, Pisano C, Zunino F. The curative efficacy of namitecan (ST1968) in preclinical models of pediatric sarcoma is associated with antiangiogenic effects. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:163-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Cytotoxicity and Topo I targeting activity of substituted 10--nitrogenous heterocyclic aromatic group derivatives of SN-38. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:3200-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Venditto VJ, Simanek EE. Cancer therapies utilizing the camptothecins: a review of the in vivo literature. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:307-49. [PMID: 20108971 DOI: 10.1021/mp900243b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the in vivo assessment-preliminary, preclinical, and clinical-of chemotherapeutics derived from camptothecin or a derivative. Camptothecin is a naturally occurring, pentacyclic quinoline alkaloid that possesses high cytotoxic activity in a variety of cell lines. Major limitations of the drug, including poor solubility and hydrolysis under physiological conditions, prevent full clinical utilization. Camptothecin remains at equilibrium in an active lactone form and inactive hydrolyzed carboxylate form. The active lactone binds to DNA topoisomerase I cleavage complex, believed to be the single site of activity. Binding inhibits DNA religation, resulting in apoptosis. A series of small molecule camptothecin derivatives have been developed that increase solubility, lactone stability and bioavailability to varying levels of success. A number of macromolecular agents have also been described wherein camptothecin(s) are covalently appended or noncovalently associated with the goal of improving solubility and lactone stability, while taking advantage of the tumor physiology to deliver larger doses of drug to the tumor with lower systemic toxicity. With the increasing interest in drug delivery and polymer therapeutics, additional constructs are anticipated. The goal of this review is to summarize the relevant literature for others interested in the field of camptothecin-based therapeutics, specifically in the context of biodistribution, dosing regimens, and pharmacokinetics with the desire of providing a useful source of comparative data. To this end, only constructs where in vivo data is available are reported. The review includes published reports in English through mid-2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J Venditto
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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12
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Feng W, Satyanarayana M, Tsai YC, Liu AA, Liu LF, LaVoie EJ. Novel topoisomerase I-targeting antitumor agents synthesized from the N,N,N-trimethylammonium derivative of ARC-111, 5H-2,3-dimethoxy-8,9-methylenedioxy-5-[(2-N,N,N-trimethylammonium)ethyl]dibenzo[c,h][1,6]naphthyridin-6-one iodide. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:3433-8. [PMID: 19299037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2008] [Revised: 02/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several new TOP1-targeting agents were prepared using as an intermediate the N,N,N-trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt 2 of ARC-111. Direct displacement of the quaternary ammonium group with hydroxide, cyclopropylamine, imidazole, 1H-1,2,3-triazole, alkylethylenediamines, ethanolamine, and polyhydroxylated alkylamines provides a convenient means for furthering insight into the structure-activity relationships within this series of non-camptothecin TOP1-targeting agents. The relative TOP1-targeting activities and cytotoxicities were evaluated in RPMI8402 and P388 cells and their camptothecin-resistant variants. Their potential to serve as substrates for the efflux transporters MDR1 and BCRP, which are associated with multidrug resistance, was also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
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13
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Beretta GL, Perego P, Zunino F. Targeting topoisomerase I: molecular mechanisms and cellular determinants of response to topoisomerase I inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:1243-56. [PMID: 18781823 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.10.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topoisomerase I is required for DNA relaxation during critical cellular functions. The identification of camptothecins as specific enzyme inhibitors and their clinical efficacy have stimulated extensive efforts to exploit topoisomerase I as a tumor target and explain the putative mechanisms of antitumor-specific action. OBJECTIVE This review provides an overview of the recent achievements in the development of topoisomerase I inhibitors and in the explanation of the biological pathways involved in tumor response. RESULTS/CONCLUSION In spite of the difficulty to identify novel topoisomerase I inhibitors with improved pharmacological properties, a growing body of evidence supports the possibility of optimizing the therapeutic profile of available agents. The explanation of defense mechanisms and the molecular determinants of tumor cell response is expected to provide a basis for the design of combination approaches for optimization of topoisomerase I inhibitors-based therapy.
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14
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Pisano C, De Cesare M, Beretta GL, Zuco V, Pratesi G, Penco S, Vesci L, Foderà R, Ferrara FF, Guglielmi MB, Carminati P, Dallavalle S, Morini G, Merlini L, Orlandi A, Zunino F. Preclinical profile of antitumor activity of a novel hydrophilic camptothecin, ST1968. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:2051-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Satyanarayana M, Feng W, Cheng L, Liu AA, Tsai YC, Liu LF, LaVoie EJ. Syntheses and biological evaluation of topoisomerase I-targeting agents related to 11-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl]-2,3-dimethoxy-8,9-methylenedioxy-11H-isoquino[4,3-c]cinnolin-12-one (ARC-31). Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7824-31. [PMID: 18676151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Several 11-ethyl-2,3-dimethoxy-8,9-methylenedioxy-11H-isoquino[4,3-c]cinnolin-12-ones with varied functionality on the ethyl substituent have exhibited potent topoisomerase I (TOP1) targeting activity and antitumor activity. The influence of various polar substituents at the 2-position of the 11-ethyl substituent, including N-methylamine, N-isopropylamine, hydroxyl, and hydroxylamino groups, on TOP1-targeting activity and cytotoxicity was assessed. The N-methylamine and N-isopropylamine derivatives were also evaluated as antitumor agents in athymic nude mice with MDA-MB-435 human tumor xenografts. Both compounds were active as antitumor agents upon either parenteral or oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mavurapu Satyanarayana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rutgers, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
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16
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Pisano C, Zuco V, De Cesare M, Benedetti V, Vesci L, Foderà R, Bucci F, Aulicino C, Penco S, Carminati P, Zunino F. Intracellular accumulation and DNA damage persistence as determinants of human squamous cell carcinoma hypersensitivity to the novel camptothecin ST1968. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44:1332-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Feng W, Satyanarayana M, Tsai YC, Liu AA, Liu LF, Lavoie EJ. Facile formation of hydrophilic derivatives of 5H-8,9-dimethoxy-5-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl]-2,3-methylenedioxydibenzo[c,h] [1,6]naphthyridin-6-one (ARC-111) and its 12-aza analog via quaternary ammonium intermediates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3570-2. [PMID: 18511275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several new TOP1-targeting agents were prepared using as intermediates the N,N,N-trimethyl quaternary ammonium salts of either ARC-111 or its 12-aza analog (ARC-31), 3 and 4, respectively. Direct displacement of the quaternary ammonium group with water, imidazole, alkylethylenediamines, or polyhydroxylated alkylamines provides a convenient means for furthering the structure-activity relationships associated with these non-camptothecin TOP1-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854-8020, USA
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Hansch C, Verma RP. 20-(S)-Camptothecin Analogues as DNA Topoisomerase I Inhibitors: A QSAR Study. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:1807-13. [PMID: 17886246 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The interest in the application of the quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) has steadily increased in recent decades because it has repeatedly proven itself to be a low-cost, high-return investment. Potential use of QSAR models for screening of chemical databases or virtual libraries before their synthesis appears equally attractive to chemical manufacturers, pharmaceutical companies, and government agencies. We hope it may also be useful in the design and development of new camptothecin derivatives as DNA topoisomerase I (topo I) inhibitors. In this paper, two series of camptothecin derivatives were undertaken to correlate DNA topo I inhibition with their hydrophobic and steric properties, to understand their chemical-biological interactions. The resulting QSAR have shown that the inhibitory activity of camptothecin analogues 4 toward DNA topo I is mainly dependent on their hydrophobic and steric descriptors, whereas the same activity of 10,11-methylenedioxy- camptothecin analogues 5 is largely dependent on their hydrophobicity at position-7. Using internal [cross-validation, quality factor (Q), Fischer statistics (F), and Y-randomization tests] and external validation tests both of these QSAR models have been validated. Both series of these camptothecin derivatives are also filtered by Lipinski's rule of five to check their oral bioavailability. On the basis of these QSAR models, five compounds (4-35, 4-36, 5-20, 5-21, and 5-22) have been predicted that may be the next synthetic target. These molecules also fulfill the conditions of Lipinski's rule of five.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corwin Hansch
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 North College Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
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Beretta GL, Zunino F. Relevance of extracellular and intracellular interactions of camptothecins as determinants of antitumor activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 74:1437-44. [PMID: 17540344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecins are potent antitumor agents that stabilize the covalent binding of topoisomerase I to DNA forming a reversible ternary complex which, following collision with the replication forks, converts the single-strand breaks into lethal double-strand breaks. This cytotoxic mechanism has been originally ascribed to the closed lactone form, because opening of the lactone ring resulted in loss of antitumor activity. Since the lipophilic lactone favours passive diffusion into the cancer cells, the stability of the closed form is expected to be predictive for activity. Thus, the in vivo pharmacological behavior of camptothecins, which is dependent on the pH-dependent dynamics, is likely a critical determinant of their antitumor efficacy and therapeutic index. The physicochemical properties could influence a number of cellular and in vivo interactions, including stability of the ternary DNA-enzyme-drug complex, binding to serum proteins, recognition by transport systems. These interactions are also implicated in the processes responsible of toxic side effects and drug resistance which are major limitations of the efficacy of camptothecin-based therapy. A number of strategies have been developed to overcome the limitations associated with the peculiar in vivo reactivity and the reversibility of drug-target interaction. Modifications with hydrophilic or lipophilic substituents at specific positions may have a variable (and somewhat opposite) influence on interaction with the intracellular target and plasma proteins and on recognition by membrane transporters. Here, we highlight the interactions of camptothecins which could be exploited to optimize therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Beretta
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Laboratories, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Abdurashidova G, Radulescu S, Sandoval O, Zahariev S, Danailov MB, Demidovich A, Santamaria L, Biamonti G, Riva S, Falaschi A. Functional interactions of DNA topoisomerases with a human replication origin. EMBO J 2007; 26:998-1009. [PMID: 17290216 PMCID: PMC1852844 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The human DNA replication origin, located in the lamin B2 gene, interacts with the DNA topoisomerases I and II in a cell cycle-modulated manner. The topoisomerases interact in vivo and in vitro with precise bonds ahead of the start sites of bidirectional replication, within the pre-replicative complex region; topoisomerase I is bound in M, early G1 and G1/S border and topoisomerase II in M and the middle of G1. The Orc2 protein competes for the same sites of the origin bound by either topoisomerase in different moments of the cell cycle; furthermore, it interacts on the DNA with topoisomerase II during the assembly of the pre-replicative complex and with DNA-bound topoisomerase I at the G1/S border. Inhibition of topoisomerase I activity abolishes origin firing. Thus, the two topoisomerases are closely associated with the replicative complexes, and DNA topology plays an essential functional role in origin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnara Abdurashidova
- Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sorina Radulescu
- Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Oscar Sandoval
- Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sotir Zahariev
- Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Santamaria
- Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biamonti
- Molecular Biology Section, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvano Riva
- Molecular Biology Section, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Pavia, Italy
| | - Arturo Falaschi
- Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Gene and Molecular Therapy, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, CNR, Pisa, Italy
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De Cesare M, Beretta GL, Tinelli S, Benedetti V, Pratesi G, Penco S, Dallavalle S, Merlini L, Pisano C, Carminati P, Zunino F. Preclinical efficacy of ST1976, a novel camptothecin analog of the 7-oxyiminomethyl series. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 73:656-64. [PMID: 17169332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, we have documented the potential therapeutic advantages of camptothecin analogs modified at the 7-position, i.e., 7-oxyiminomethyl derivatives. The present study was performed to explore the therapeutic potential of novel hydrophilic derivatives of this series. With one exception (ST1976), the tested camptothecins exhibited a reduced antiproliferative activity and all compounds retained ability to stabilize the topoisomerase I-mediated cleavable complex. The two analogs (ST1976 and ST1968) characterized by the presence of a free amino group in the side chain also exhibited the formation of persistent cleavable complexes. The most potent compound, ST1976 (7-(4-aminobenzyl)oxyiminomethylcamptothecin), was selected for evaluation of its preclinical profile of antitumor activity in a large panel of human tumor xenografts. As expected on the basis of the introduction of a hydrophilic substituent, the novel camptothecin was a substrate for BCRP. However, in spite of an apparent recognition by BCRP, ST1976 was effective following oral administration. The antitumor activity was evaluated using various schedules and routes of administration (i.v. and p.o.). ST1976 exhibited a remarkable activity in all tested tumors and was effective in a number of tumors which are resistant to irinotecan. The biological and pharmacological profile of ST1976 supports the therapeutic potential of camptothecins containing hydrophilic substituents at the 7-position. On the basis of its excellent activity in preclinical models, ST1976 is a promising candidate for clinical development.
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