1
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Zhou P, Wang X, Xing M, Yang X, Wu M, Shi H, Zhu C, Wang X, Guo Y, Tang S, Huang Z, Zhou D. Intratumoral delivery of a novel oncolytic adenovirus encoding human antibody against PD-1 elicits enhanced antitumor efficacy. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 25:236-248. [PMID: 35615266 PMCID: PMC9118129 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, diverse combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly oncolytic virotherapy, have demonstrated enhanced therapeutic outcomes in cancer treatment. However, high pre-existing immunity against the widely used adenovirus human serotype 5 (AdHu5) limits its extensive clinical application. In this study, we constructed an innovative oncolytic virus (OV) based on a chimpanzee adenoviral vector with low seropositivity in the human population, named AdC68-spE1A-αPD-1, which endows the parental OV (AdC68-spE1A-ΔE3) with the ability to express full-length anti-human programmed cell death-1 monoclonal antibody (αPD-1). In vitro studies indicated that the AdC68-spE1A-αPD-1 retained parental oncolytic capacity, and αPD-1 was efficiently secreted from the infected tumor cells and bound exclusively to human PD-1 (hPD-1) protein. In vivo, intratumoral treatment with AdC68-spE1A-αPD-1 resulted in significant tumor suppression, prolonged overall survival, and enhanced systemic antitumor memory response in an hPD-1 knockin mouse tumor model. This strategy outperformed the unarmed OV and was comparable with combination therapy with intratumoral injection of AdC68-spE1A-ΔE3 and systemic administration of commercial αPD-1. In summary, AdC68-spE1A-αPD-1 is a cost-effective approach with potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuchen Wang
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Man Xing
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Mangteng Wu
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyang Shi
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Caihong Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shubing Tang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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2
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Tazawa H, Shigeyasu K, Noma K, Kagawa S, Sakurai F, Mizuguchi H, Kobayashi H, Imamura T, Fujiwara T. Tumor‐targeted fluorescence labeling systems for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1919-1929. [PMID: 35398956 PMCID: PMC9207361 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional imaging techniques are available for clinical identification of tumor sites. However, detecting metastatic tumor cells that are spreading from primary tumor sites using conventional imaging techniques remains difficult. In contrast, fluorescence‐based labeling systems are useful tools for detecting tumor cells at the single‐cell level in cancer research. The ability to detect fluorescent‐labeled tumor cells enables investigations of the biodistribution of tumor cells for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. For example, the presence of fluorescent tumor cells in the peripheral blood of cancer patients is a predictive biomarker for early diagnosis of distant metastasis. The elimination of fluorescent tumor cells without damaging normal tissues is ideal for minimally invasive treatment of cancer. To capture fluorescent tumor cells within normal tissues, however, tumor‐specific activated target molecules are needed. This review focuses on recent advances in tumor‐targeted fluorescence labeling systems, in which indirect reporter labeling using tumor‐specific promoters is applied to fluorescence labeling of tumor cells for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Telomerase promoter‐dependent fluorescence labeling using replication‐competent viral vectors produces fluorescent proteins that can be used to detect and eliminate telomerase‐positive tumor cells. Tissue‐specific promoter‐dependent fluorescence labeling enables identification of specific tumor cells. Vimentin promoter‐dependent fluorescence labeling is a useful tool for identifying tumor cells that undergo epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The evaluation of tumor cells undergoing EMT is important for accurately assessing metastatic potential. Thus, tumor‐targeted fluorescence labeling systems represent novel platforms that enable the capture of tumor cells for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tazawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine Okayama University Hospital Okayama Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Shigeyasu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Noma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center Okayama University Hospital Okayama Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Osaka Japan
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Branch Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Ehime Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
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3
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Shueng PW, Shih KC, Gambhir SS, Kuo DY, Chuang HY. Cancer Detection Using an Artificial Secretable MicroRNA Found in Blood and Urine. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030621. [PMID: 35327423 PMCID: PMC8945529 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers can potentially help in the detection and prognosis of diseases such as cancer, its recurrence, predicting response to therapy, and monitoring of response during and/or after treatment. Endogenous tumor blood biomarkers suffer from low concentrations that are not distinguishable from background noise and, if identified, the localization of the biomarker production site is not known. The use of exogenously introduced or artificial biomarkers can eliminate these issues. In this study, we show that cancer cells can be made to produce an artificial secreted microRNA (Sec-miR) that can be detected in media from cells in culture, and from both blood and urine in living mice. In culture, we show that chaining a number of Sec-miR sequences in a plasmid and transfecting cells with the plasmids could increase Sec-miR secretion as the number of sequences increases. Tumor induction in mice with a stably transfected HeLa cell line shows the presence and significant increase in the Sec-miR with time and tumor growth in plasma (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.5542). The relative half-life of the Sec-miR was seen to be 1.2 h in the plasma of living mice and was seen to appear in urine within 12 h. The transgene for the Sec-miR within a minicircle was introduced via the tail-vein into subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice. As the tumor growth increased with time, further in vivo transfection of the Sec-miR minicircles showed an increase in Sec-miR in both plasma and urine (R2 = 0.4546). This study demonstrated that an exogenous Sec-miR biomarker would allow for early tumor detection using in vitro diagnostics techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wei Shueng
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 220, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chung Shih
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Deng-Yu Kuo
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 220, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (D.-Y.K.); (H.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-2-7728-1033 (D.-Y.K.); +886-2-2826-7241 (H.-Y.C.); Fax: +886-2-7728-2367 (D.-Y.K.); +886-2-2820-1095 (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Hui-Yen Chuang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (D.-Y.K.); (H.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-2-7728-1033 (D.-Y.K.); +886-2-2826-7241 (H.-Y.C.); Fax: +886-2-7728-2367 (D.-Y.K.); +886-2-2820-1095 (H.-Y.C.)
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4
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Watanabe M, Nishikawaji Y, Kawakami H, Kosai KI. Adenovirus Biology, Recombinant Adenovirus, and Adenovirus Usage in Gene Therapy. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122502. [PMID: 34960772 PMCID: PMC8706629 DOI: 10.3390/v13122502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is currently in the public spotlight. Several gene therapy products, including oncolytic virus (OV), which predominantly replicates in and kills cancer cells, and COVID-19 vaccines have recently been commercialized. Recombinant adenoviruses, including replication-defective adenoviral vector and conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRA; oncolytic adenovirus), have been extensively studied and used in clinical trials for cancer and vaccines. Here, we review the biology of wild-type adenoviruses, the methodological principle for constructing recombinant adenoviruses, therapeutic applications of recombinant adenoviruses, and new technologies in pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based regenerative medicine. Moreover, this article describes the technology platform for efficient construction of diverse "CRAs that can specifically target tumors with multiple factors" (m-CRAs). This technology allows for modification of four parts in the adenoviral E1 region and the subsequent insertion of a therapeutic gene and promoter to enhance cancer-specific viral replication (i.e., safety) as well as therapeutic effects. The screening study using the m-CRA technology successfully identified survivin-responsive m-CRA (Surv.m-CRA) as among the best m-CRAs, and clinical trials of Surv.m-CRA are underway for patients with cancer. This article also describes new recombinant adenovirus-based technologies for solving issues in PSC-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Watanabe
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishikawaji
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kawakami
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kosai
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- South Kyushu Center for Innovative Medical Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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5
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Wang L, Liu W, Li Z, Wang X, Feng X, Wang Z, Wu J, Zhang H, Wu H, Kong W, Yu B, Yu X. A tropism-transformed Oncolytic Adenovirus with Dual Capsid Modifications for enhanced Glioblastoma Therapy. J Cancer 2020; 11:5713-5726. [PMID: 32913465 PMCID: PMC7477443 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most common human brain tumor, is highly invasive and difficult to cure using conventional cancer therapies. As an alternative, adenovirus-mediated virotherapies represent a popular and maturing technology. However, the cell surface coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR)-dependent infection mechanism limits the infectivity and oncolytic effects of Adenovirus type 5. To address this limitation, in this study we aimed to develop a novel oncolytic adenovirus for enhanced infectivity and therapeutic efficacy toward glioblastoma. We developed a novel genetically modified oncolytic adenovirus vector with dual capsid modifications to facilitate infection and specific cytotoxicity toward glioma cells. Modification of the adenoviral capsid proteins involved the incorporation of a synthetic leucine zipper-like dimerization domain into the capsid protein IX (pIX) of human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) and the exchange of the fiber knob from Ad37. The virus infection mechanism and anti-tumor efficacy of modified vectors were evaluated in both in vitro (cell) and in vivo (mouse) models. Ad37-knob exchange efficiently promoted the virus infection and replication-induced glioma cell lysis by oncolytic Ad5. We also found that gene therapy mediated by the dual-modified oncolytic Ad5 vector coupled with the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) exhibited significantly enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo. This genetically modified oncolytic adenovirus provides a promising vector for future use in glioblastoma gene-viral-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizheng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenmo Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhe Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xupu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xinyao Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Haihong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hui Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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6
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Taguchi S, Fukuhara H, Todo T. Oncolytic virus therapy in Japan: progress in clinical trials and future perspectives. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2019; 49:201-209. [PMID: 30462296 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyy170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virus therapy is a promising new option for cancer. It utilizes genetically engineered or naturally occurring viruses that selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells without harming normal cells. T-VEC (talimogene laherparepvec), a second-generation oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of inoperable melanoma in 2015 and subsequently approved in Europe in 2016. Other oncolytic viruses using different parental viruses have also been tested in Phase III clinical trials and are ready for drug approval: Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec), an oncolytic vaccinia virus, CG0070, an oncolytic adenovirus, and REOLYSIN (pelareorep), an oncolytic reovirus. In Japan, as of May 2018, several oncolytic viruses have been developed, and some have already proceeded to clinical trials. In this review, we summarize clinical trials assessing oncolytic virus therapy that were conducted or are currently ongoing in Japan, specifically, T-VEC, the abovementioned oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1, G47Δ, a third-generation oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1, HF10, a naturally attenuated oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1, Telomelysin, an oncolytic adenovirus, Surv.m-CRA, another oncolytic adenovirus, and Sendai virus particle. In the near future, oncolytic virus therapy may become an important and major treatment option for cancer in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Taguchi
- Department of Urology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Todo
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Komiya S, Nagano S, Setoguchi T. Current therapeutic modalities and newly designed gene therapy for refractory sarcomas. J Orthop Sci 2019; 24:764-769. [PMID: 31196729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Setsuro Komiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; Shinkado Orthopaedic Clinic, 1-8-16 Chugo, Satsuma-Sendai, 895-0072, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nagano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Takao Setoguchi
- The Near-Future Locomotor Organ Medicine Creation Course (Kusunoki Kai), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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8
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Suzuki S, Kofune H, Uozumi K, Yoshimitsu M, Arima N, Ishitsuka K, Ueno SI, Kosai KI. A survivin-responsive, conditionally replicating adenovirus induces potent cytocidal effects in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:516. [PMID: 31142289 PMCID: PMC6542078 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a peripheral T-cell malignancy caused by long-term human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) infection. Survivin-responsive, conditionally replicating adenoviruses regulated by multiple tumor-specific factors (Surv.m-CRAs), in which the expression of the adenoviral early region 1A gene is regulated by the survivin (BIRC5) promoter, can be used to treat several cancers. As survivin is overexpressed in ATL, we examined the effects of Surv.m-CRAs on ATL-selective replication and survival. Methods We tested two ATL cell lines and four HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines. The cells were subjected to infection with either E1-deleted, replication-defective adenoviruses or Surv.m-CRAs at various multiplicities of infection. Results Strong activation of survivin promoter was observed in all six cell lines. Moreover, the expression of the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), which is important for adenoviral infection, was high in the cell lines. In contrast, we observed the absence of survivin promoter activity and a low expression of CAR in activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from healthy subjects. Surv.m-CRAs actively replicated and induced cytocidal effects in five out of six cell lines; conversely, we observed minimal viral replication and no marked cytotoxicity in normal activated PBLs. Conclusions This is the first report demonstrating that Surv.m-CRAs constitute attractive potential anti-ATL agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Course of Advanced Therapeutics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan. .,Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kofune
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kimiharu Uozumi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshimitsu
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naomichi Arima
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishitsuka
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Course of Advanced Therapeutics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kosai
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Course of Advanced Therapeutics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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9
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Cheng T, Song Y, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Yin J, Chi Y, Zhou D. A novel oncolytic adenovirus based on simian adenovirus serotype 24. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26871-26885. [PMID: 28460470 PMCID: PMC5432303 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the oncolytic virotherapy, an emerging treatment for tumor, adenoviruses are widely used at present in preclinical and clinical trials. Traditionally, oncolytic adenoviruses were developed based on the human adenovirus serotype 5 (AdHu5). However, AdHu5 has the drawbacks of preexisting anti-AdHu5 immunity in most populations, and extensive sequestration of Adhu5 by the liver through hexon, blood coagulation factor X (FX), and FX receptor interactions. To tackle these problems, we explored a novel oncolytic adenovirus AdC7-SP/E1A-ΔE3 for cancer treatment. AdC7-SP/E1A-ΔE3 was constructed by replacing the E1A promoter with tumor specific promoter survivin promoter and deleting E3 region using direct cloning methods based on simian adenovirus serotype 24 (namely AdC7). We showed that AdC7-SP/E1A-ΔE3 significantly killed tumor cell lines NCI-H508 and Huh7, and inhibited tumor growth in both NCI-H508 and Huh7 xenograft tumor models. Importantly, AdC7-SP/E1A-ΔE3 exhibited the antitumor efficacy via systemic administration. Mechanistically, infected cells were killed by AdC7-SP/E1A-ΔE3 via the p53-independent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in which phosphorylation of BAD markedly declined and the expresses of Bik significantly went up. Therefore, AdC7-SP/E1A-ΔE3 is a promising candidate for liver and colon tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yufeng Song
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yudan Chi
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
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10
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Ide K, Mitsui K, Irie R, Matsushita Y, Ijichi N, Toyodome S, Kosai KI. A Novel Construction of Lentiviral Vectors for Eliminating Tumorigenic Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2018; 36:230-239. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The risk of tumor formation poses a challenge for human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based transplantation therapy. Specific and total elimination of tumorigenic hPSCs by suicide genes (SGs) has not been achieved because no methodology currently exists for testing multiple candidate transgene constructs. Here, we present a novel method for efficient generation of tumorigenic cell-targeting lentiviral vectors (TC-LVs) with diverse promoters upstream of a fluorescent protein and SGs. Our two-plasmid system achieved rapid and simultaneous construction of different TC-LVs with different promoters. Ganciclovir (GCV) exerted remarkable cytotoxicity in herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase-transduced hPSCs, and high specificity for undifferentiated cells was achieved using the survivin promoter (TC-LV.Surv). Moreover, GCV treatment completely abolished teratoma formation by TC-LV.Surv-infected hPSCs transplanted into mice, without harmful effects. Thus, TC-LV can efficiently identify the best promoter and SG for specific and complete elimination of tumorigenic hPSCs, facilitating the development of safe regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Ide
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mitsui
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rie Irie
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yohei Matsushita
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ijichi
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Soichiro Toyodome
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Kosai
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
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11
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Viral Vector-Based Innovative Approaches to Directly Abolishing Tumorigenic Pluripotent Stem Cells for Safer Regenerative Medicine. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 5:51-58. [PMID: 28480304 PMCID: PMC5415317 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a promising source of regenerative material for clinical applications. However, hPSC transplant therapies pose the risk of teratoma formation and malignant transformation of undifferentiated remnants. These problems underscore the importance of developing technologies that completely prevent tumorigenesis to ensure safe clinical application. Research to date has contributed to establishing safe hPSC lines, improving the efficiency of differentiation induction, and indirectly ensuring the safety of products. Despite such efforts, guaranteeing the clinical safety of regenerative medicine products remains a key challenge. Given the intrinsic genome instability of hPSCs, selective growth advantage of cancer cells, and lessons learned through failures in previous attempts at hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy, conventional strategies are unlikely to completely overcome issues related to hPSC tumorigenesis. Researchers have recently embarked on studies aimed at locating and directly treating hPSC-derived tumorigenic cells. In particular, novel approaches to directly killing tumorigenic cells by transduction of suicide genes and oncolytic viruses are expected to improve the safety of hPSC-based therapy. This article discusses the current status and future perspectives of methods aimed at directly eradicating undifferentiated tumorigenic hPSCs, with a focus on viral vector transduction.
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12
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Mitsui K, Ide K, Takayama A, Wada T, Irie R, Kosai KI. Conditionally replicating adenovirus prevents pluripotent stem cell-derived teratoma by specifically eliminating undifferentiated cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2015; 2:15026. [PMID: 26269798 PMCID: PMC4533615 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Incomplete abolition of tumorigenicity creates potential safety concerns in clinical trials of regenerative medicine based on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Here, we demonstrate that conditionally replicating adenoviruses that specifically target cancers using multiple factors (m-CRAs), originally developed as anticancer drugs, may also be useful as novel antitumorigenic agents in hPSC-based therapy. The survivin promoter was more active in undifferentiated hPSCs than the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter, whereas both promoters were minimally active in differentiated normal cells. Accordingly, survivin-responsive m-CRA (Surv.m-CRA) killed undifferentiated hPSCs more efficiently than TERT-responsive m-CRAs (Tert.m-CRA); both m-CRAs exhibited efficient viral replication and cytotoxicity in undifferentiated hPSCs, but not in cocultured differentiated normal cells. Pre-infection of hPSCs with Surv.m-CRA or Tert.m-CRA abolished in vivo teratoma formation in a dose-dependent manner following hPSC implantation into mice. Thus, m-CRAs, and in particular Surv.m-CRAs, represent novel antitumorigenic agents that could facilitate safe clinical applications of hPSC-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Mitsui
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima, Japan ; Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kanako Ide
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akiko Takayama
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tadahisa Wada
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rie Irie
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima, Japan ; Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kosai
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima, Japan ; Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima, Japan
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13
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Development of replication-competent adenovirus for bladder cancer by controlling adenovirus E1a and E4 gene expression with the survivin promoter. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5615-23. [PMID: 25015402 PMCID: PMC4170600 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein family. Here, we examined survivin expression and confirmed abundant survivin expression in bladder cancer cells. This expression pattern indicated that the transcriptional regulatory elements that control survivin expression could be utilized to discriminate cancer from normal cells. We therefore generated a novel adenovirus termed Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 with the following characteristics: 1) E1A and E4 protein expression was dependent on survivin promoter activity; 2) the green fluorescence protein gene was inserted into the genome under the control of the CMV promoter; 3) most of the E3 sequences were deleted, but the construct was still capable of expressing the adenovirus death protein with potent cytotoxic effects; and 4) the fiber knob was from serotype 35 adenovirus. As expected from the abundant survivin expression observed in bladder cancer cells, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 replicated better in cancer cells than in normal cells by a factor of 106 to 102. Likewise, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 exerted greater cytotoxic effects on all bladder cancer cell lines tested. Importantly, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 inhibited the growth of Ku7-Luc orthotopic xenografts in nude mice. Taken together, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 indicates that the survivin promoter may be utilized for the development of a replication-competent adenovirus to target bladder cancers.
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14
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Qiao J, Dey M, Chang AL, Kim JW, Miska J, Ling A, M Nettlebeck D, Han Y, Zhang L, Lesniak MS. Intratumoral oncolytic adenoviral treatment modulates the glioma microenvironment and facilitates systemic tumor-antigen-specific T cell therapy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1022302. [PMID: 26405578 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1022302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of primary brain tumor and is associated with poor survival. Virotherapy is a promising candidate for the development of effective, novel treatments for GBM. Recent studies have underscored the potential of virotherapy in enhancing antitumor immunity despite the fact that its mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, using a syngeneic GBM mouse model, we report that intratumoral virotherapy significantly modulates the tumor microenvironment. We found that intratumoral administration of an oncolytic adenovirus, AdCMVdelta24, decreased tumor-infiltrating CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and increased IFNγ-producing CD8+ T cells in treated tumors, even in late stage disease in which a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is considered to be a significant barrier to immunotherapy. Importantly, intratumoral AdCMVdelta24 treatment augmented systemically transferred tumor-antigen-specific T cell therapy. Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed (1) downregulation of Foxp3 in Tregs that were incubated with media conditioned by virus-infected tumor cells, (2) downregulation of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO) in glioma cells upon infection by AdCMVdelta24, and (3) reprograming of Tregs from an immunosuppressive to a stimulatory state. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the potency of intratumoral oncolytic adenoviral treatment in enhancing antitumor immunity through the regulation of multiple aspects of immune suppression in the context of glioma, supporting further clinical development of oncolytic adenovirus-based immune therapies for malignant brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qiao
- The Brain Tumor Center; Pritzker School of Medicine; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Mahua Dey
- The Brain Tumor Center; Pritzker School of Medicine; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Alan L Chang
- The Brain Tumor Center; Pritzker School of Medicine; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Julius W Kim
- The Brain Tumor Center; Pritzker School of Medicine; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Jason Miska
- The Brain Tumor Center; Pritzker School of Medicine; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Alex Ling
- The Brain Tumor Center; Pritzker School of Medicine; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Dirk M Nettlebeck
- Oncolytic Adenovirus Group; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) ; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yu Han
- The Brain Tumor Center; Pritzker School of Medicine; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Lingjiao Zhang
- The Brain Tumor Center; Pritzker School of Medicine; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- The Brain Tumor Center; Pritzker School of Medicine; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, IL USA
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15
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Shoeneman JK, Ehrhart EJ, Charles JB, Thamm DH. Survivin inhibition via EZN-3042 in canine lymphoma and osteosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 14:e45-57. [PMID: 24923332 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Canine lymphoma (LSA) and osteosarcoma (OS) have high mortality rates and remain in need of more effective therapeutic approaches. Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family member protein that inhibits apoptosis and drives cell proliferation, is commonly elevated in human and canine cancer. Survivin expression is a negative prognostic factor in dogs with LSA and OS, and canine LSA and OS cell lines express high levels of survivin. In this study, we demonstrate that survivin downregulation in canine LSA and OS cells using a clinically applicable locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotide (EZN-3042, Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Piscataway Township, NJ, USA) inhibits growth, induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity in vitro, and inhibits survivin transcription and protein production in orthotopic canine OS xenografts. Our findings strongly suggest that survivin-directed therapies might be effective in treatment of canine LSA and OS and support evaluation of EZN-3042 in dogs with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Shoeneman
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - E J Ehrhart
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J B Charles
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - D H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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16
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Tanoue K, Wang Y, Ikeda M, Mitsui K, Irie R, Setoguchi T, Komiya S, Natsugoe S, Kosai KI. Survivin-responsive conditionally replicating adenovirus kills rhabdomyosarcoma stem cells more efficiently than their progeny. J Transl Med 2014; 12:27. [PMID: 24467821 PMCID: PMC3925355 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective methods for eradicating cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are highly tumorigenic and resistant to conventional therapies, are urgently needed. Our previous studies demonstrated that survivin-responsive conditionally replicating adenoviruses regulated with multiple factors (Surv.m-CRAs), which selectively replicate in and kill a broad range of cancer-cell types, are promising anticancer agents. Here we examined the therapeutic potentials of a Surv.m-CRA against rhabdomyosarcoma stem cells (RSCs), in order to assess its clinical effectiveness and usefulness. Methods Our previous study demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is a marker of RSCs. We examined survivin mRNA levels, survivin promoter activities, relative cytotoxicities of Surv.m-CRA in RSC-enriched (serum-minus) vs. RSC-exiguous (serum-plus) and FGFR3-positive vs. FGFR3-negative sorted rhabdomyosarcoma cells, and the in vivo therapeutic effects of Surv.m-CRAs on subcutaneous tumors in mice. Results Both survivin mRNA levels and survivin promoter activities were significantly elevated under RSC-enriched relative to RSC-exiguous culture conditions, and the elevation was more prominent in FGFR3-positive vs. FGFR3-negative sorted cells than in RSC-enriched vs. RSC-exiguous conditions. Although Surv.m-CRA efficiently replicated and potently induced cell death in all populations of rhabdomyosarcoma cells, the cytotoxic effects were more pronounced in RSC-enriched or RSC-purified cells than in RSC-exiguous or progeny-purified cells. Injections of Surv.m-CRAs into tumor nodules generated by transplanting RSC-enriched cells induced significant death of rhabdomyosarcoma cells and regression of tumor nodules. Conclusions The unique therapeutic features of Surv.m-CRA, i.e., not only its therapeutic effectiveness against all cell populations but also its increased effectiveness against CSCs, suggest that Surv.m-CRA is promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ken-Ichiro Kosai
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
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17
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Conrad SJ, Essani K. Oncoselectivity in Oncolytic Viruses against Colorectal Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2014.513118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Lei W, Liu HB, Wang SB, Zhou XM, Zheng SD, Guo KN, Ma BY, Xia YL, Tan WS, Liu XY, Wang YG. Tumor suppressor in lung cancer-1 (TSLC1) mediated by dual-regulated oncolytic adenovirus exerts specific antitumor actions in a mouse model. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:531-40. [PMID: 23503473 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The tumor suppressor in lung cancer-1 (TSLC1) is a candidate tumor suppressor of lung cancer, and frequently inactivated in primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we investigated the effects of TSLC1 mediated by a dual-regulated oncolytic adenovirus on lung cancer, and the mechanisms underlying the antitumor actions. METHODS The recombinant virus Ad·sp-E1A(Δ24)-TSLC1 was constructed by inserting the TSLC1 gene into the dual-regulated Ad·sp-E1A(Δ24) vector, which contained the survivin promoter and a 24 bp deletion within E1A. The antitumor effects of Ad·sp-E1A(Δ24)-TSLC1 were evaluated in NCI-H460, A549, and H1299 lung cancer cell lines and the normal fibroblast cell line MRC-5, as well as in A549 xenograft model in nude mice. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay. The expression of TSLC1 and activation of the caspase signaling pathway were detected by Western blot analyses. The tumor tissues from the xenograft models were examined using H&E staining, IHC, TUNEL, and TEM analyses. RESULTS Infection of A549 lung cancer cells with Ad·sp-E1A(Δ24)-TSLC1 induced high level expression of TSLC1. Furthermore, the Ad·sp-E1A(Δ24)-TSLC1 virus dose-dependently suppressed the viability of NCI-H460, A549, and H1299 lung cancer cells, and did not affect MRC-5 normal fibroblast cells. Infection of NCI-H460, A549, and H1299 lung cancer cells with Ad·sp-E1A(Δ24)-TSLC1 induced apoptosis, and increased activation of caspase-8, caspase-3 and PARP. In A549 xenograft model in nude mice, intratumoral injection of Ad·sp-E1A(Δ24)-TSLC1 significantly suppressed the tumor volume, and increased the survival rate (from less than 15% to 87.5% at d 60). Histological studies showed that injection of Ad·sp-E1A(Δ24)-TSLC1 caused tumor cell apoptosis and virus particle propagation in tumor tissues. CONCLUSION The oncolytic adenovirus Ad·sp-E1A(Δ24)-TSLC1 exhibits specific antitumor effects, and is a promising agent for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Zhang NQ, Zhao L, Ma S, Gu M, Zheng XY. Potent Anticancer Effects of Lentivirus Encoding a Drosophila Melanogaster Deoxyribonucleoside Kinase Mutant Combined with Brivudine. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:2121-7. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.2121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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20
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Jiang G, Zhang L, Xin Y, Pei DS, Wei ZP, Liu YQ, Zheng JN. Conditionally replicating adenoviruses carrying mda-7/IL-24 for cancer therapy. Acta Oncol 2012; 51:285-92. [PMID: 21995527 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2011.621447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24) suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in a broad range of human cancers without significant cytotoxicity to normal cells. Conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAds) not only have the ability to destroy cancer cells but may also be potential vectors for the expression of therapeutic genes. METHODS This review provides an overview of specifications for a novel anti-tumor approach CRAds carrying IL-24, and discusses recent progress in this field. RESULTS Studies in multiple laboratories report that CRAds carrying IL-24 selectively induced apoptosis in some cancer cells, and enhanced selective toxicity to cancer cells when combined with chemotherapeutic agents. CONCLUSION CRAds carrying IL-24 may prove a novel and effective approach for the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Jiang
- Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
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21
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Shoeneman JK, Ehrhart EJ, Eickhoff JC, Charles JB, Powers BE, Thamm DH. Expression and function of survivin in canine osteosarcoma. Cancer Res 2011; 72:249-59. [PMID: 22068035 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma has a high mortality rate and remains in need of more effective therapeutic approaches. Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis family member protein that blocks apoptosis and drives proliferation in human cancer cells where it is commonly elevated. In this study, we illustrate the superiority of a canine osteosarcoma model as a translational tool for evaluating survivin-directed therapies, owing to the striking similarities in gross and microscopic appearance, biologic behavior, gene expression, and signaling pathway alterations. Elevated survivin expression in primary canine osteosarcoma tissue correlated with increased histologic grade and mitotic index and a decreased disease-free interval (DFI). Survivin attenuation in canine osteosarcoma cells inhibited cell-cycle progression, increased apoptosis, mitotic arrest, and chemosensitivity, and cooperated with chemotherapy to significantly improve in vivo tumor control. Our findings illustrate the utility of a canine system to more accurately model human osteosarcoma and strongly suggest that survivin-directed therapies might be highly effective in its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenette K Shoeneman
- The Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Kamisasanuki T, Tokushige S, Terasaki H, Khai NC, Wang Y, Sakamoto T, Kosai KI. Targeting CD9 produces stimulus-independent antiangiogenic effects predominantly in activated endothelial cells during angiogenesis: a novel antiangiogenic therapy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 413:128-35. [PMID: 21875571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The precise roles of tetraspanin CD9 are unclear. Here we show that CD9 plays a stimulus-independent role in angiogenesis and that inhibiting CD9 expression or function is a potential antiangiogenic therapy. Knocking down CD9 expression significantly inhibited in vitro endothelial cell migration and invasion induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Injecting CD9-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA-CD9) markedly inhibited HGF- or VEGF-induced subconjunctival angiogenesis in vivo. Both results revealed potent and stimulus-independent antiangiogenic effects of targeting CD9. Furthermore, intravitreous injections of siRNA-CD9 or anti-CD9 antibodies were therapeutically effective for laser-induced retinal and choroidal neovascularization in mice, a representative ocular angiogenic disease model. In terms of the mechanism, growth factor receptor and downstream signaling activation were not affected, whereas abnormal localization of integrins and membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase was observed during angiogenesis, by knocking down CD9 expression. Notably, knocking down CD9 expression did not induce death and mildly inhibited proliferation of quiescent endothelial cells under conditions without an angiogenic stimulus. Thus, CD9 does not directly affect growth factor-induced signal transduction, which is required in angiogenesis and normal vasculature, but is part of the angiogenesis machinery in endothelial cells during angiogenesis. In conclusion, targeting CD9 produced stimulus-independent antiangiogenic effects predominantly in activated endothelial cells during angiogenesis, and appears to be an effective and safe antiangiogenic approach. These results shed light on the biological roles of CD9 and may lead to novel antiangiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kamisasanuki
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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Assessment of an altered E1B promoter on the specificity and potency of triple-regulated conditionally replicating adenoviruses: implications for the generation of ideal m-CRAs. Cancer Gene Ther 2011; 18:724-33. [PMID: 21836631 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although previous studies modified two components of conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAs), which selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells, the most accurate ways to achieve increased cancer specificity (that is, safety) without reducing the anticancer (that is, therapeutic) effects are unknown. Here, we generated two types of survivin-responsive m-CRAs (Surv.m-CRAs), Surv.m-CRA-CMVp and Surv.m-CRA-OCp, which use two and three different mechanisms to target cancer, that is, early region 1A (E1A) regulated by the survivin promoter and mutated E1BΔ55K regulated by the ubiquitously active cytomegalovirus promoter and cancer/tissue-specific osteocalcin promoter, respectively, and carefully examined their safety and anticancer effects. Endogenous osteocalcin mRNA was expressed and further enhanced by vitamin D(3) in all osteosarcoma and prostate cancer cell lines and human osteoblasts, but not in human fibroblasts. The osteocalcin promoter activity was weak even with vitamin D(3) treatment in these osteocalcin-expressing cancers, leading to low E1BΔ55K expression after Surv.m-CRA-OCp infection. Nevertheless, Surv.m-CRA-OCp had significantly increased cancer specificity without reduced anticancer effects in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The unexpected but favorable fact that strong activity of an altered E1B promoter is unnecessary indicates that the majority of cancer/tissue-specific promoters may be used to generate ideal m-CRAs and will advance the development of m-CRA-based cancer therapies.
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Viral delivery for gene therapy against cell movement in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:671-7. [PMID: 21616108 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viral delivery for cancer gene therapy is a promising approach, where traditional radiotherapy or chemotherapy to limit proliferation and movement of cancer cells has met resistance. Based on the new understanding of the biology of the viral vectors, therapeutic viral vectors for cancer gene therapy have been improved for greater safety and efficacy as well as transitioned from being non-replicating to replication-competent. Traditional oncolytic vectors have focused on eliminating tumor growth, while novel vectors simultaneously target epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells, which could further prevent and reverse the aggressive tumor progression. In this review, we highlight the illustrative examples of cancer gene therapy in clinical trials as well as preclinical data and include proposals on methods to further enhance the safety and efficacy of oncolytic viral vectors in cancer gene therapy.
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Wang Y, Asakawa A, Inui A, Kosai KI. Leptin gene therapy in the fight against diabetes. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 10:1405-14. [PMID: 20690892 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2010.512286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The incidence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, yet current treatments are not always effective for all patient or disease types. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Here, we summarize the biologic and clinical roles of leptin in diabetes, and discuss candidate viral vectors that may be employed in the clinical use of central leptin gene therapy for diabetes. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN We discuss how studies on leptin, a regulator of the insulin-glucose axis, have significantly advanced our understanding of the roles of energy homeostasis and insulin resistance in the pathogeneses of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Recent studies have demonstrated the long-term therapeutic effects of central leptin gene therapy in obesity and diabetes via decreased insulin resistance and increased glucose metabolism. Many of these studies have employed viral vectors, which afford high in vivo gene transduction efficiencies compared with non-viral vectors. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Adeno-associated viral vectors are particularly well suited for central leptin gene therapy owing to their low toxicity and ability to drive transgene expression for extended periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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Boisgerault N, Tangy F, Gregoire M. New perspectives in cancer virotherapy: bringing the immune system into play. Immunotherapy 2010; 2:185-99. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.10.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite constant advances in medically orientated cancer studies, conventional treatments by surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy remain partly ineffective against numerous cancers. Oncolytic virotherapy – the use of replication-competent viruses that specifically target tumor cells – has opened up new perspectives for improved treatment of these pathologies. Certain viruses demonstrate a natural, preferential tropism for tumor cells, while others can be genetically modified to show such an effect. Several of these viruses have already been used in preclinical and clinical trials in different tumor models; these studies have provided encouraging results and, thus, confirm the growing interest presented by this therapeutic strategy. The role of the immune system in the efficacy of cancer virotherapy has been poorly documented for a long time; however, several recent reports have presented evidence of synergistic effects between both direct viral oncolysis and the activation of specific, anti-tumor immune responses. These findings offer an exciting outlook for the future of cancer virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Boisgerault
- Inserm, U892, CRCNA, IRTUN, 8 quai Moncousu, BP70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Pasteur Institute, LGVV, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marc Gregoire
- Inserm, U892, CRCNA, IRTUN, 8 quai Moncousu, BP70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex 1, France
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Zhang KJ, Wang YG, Cao X, Zhong SY, Wei RC, Wu YM, Yue XT, Li GC, Liu XY. Potent antitumor effect of interleukin-24 gene in the survivin promoter and retinoblastoma double-regulated oncolytic adenovirus. Hum Gene Ther 2009; 20:818-30. [PMID: 19320563 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-24 is an excellent therapeutic gene for cancer therapy. In this work, IL-24 was inserted into Ad.sp-E1A(Delta24), an oncolytic adenovirus with a 24-bp deletion in the E1A gene, which was driven by the survivin promoter to form Ad.sp-E1A(Delta24)-IL-24. Ad.sp-E1A(Delta24)-IL-24 has an excellent antitumor effect in vitro for human nasopharyngeal, liver, lung, and cervical carcinoma cell lines but does no or little damage to normal cell lines L-02 and WI38. Furthermore, it achieved nearly complete inhibition (although not elimination) of NCI-H460 lung carcinoma growth in nude mice. The antitumor efficacy of Ad.sp-E1A(Delta24)-IL-24 on NCI-H460 cells was clearly mediated by apoptosis, because it induced caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. This is the first report of Ad.sp-E1A(Delta24)-IL-24 with such an excellent, broad, and specific antitumor effect in vitro and nearly complete inhibition of lung tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Jian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Ulasov IV, Tyler MA, Zhu ZB, Han Y, He TC, Lesniak MS. Oncolytic adenoviral vectors which employ the survivin promoter induce glioma oncolysis via a process of beclin-dependent autophagy. Int J Oncol 2009; 34:729-42. [PMID: 19212678 DOI: 10.3892/ijo_00000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin has gained attention as a tumor-specific marker which is upregulated in a variety of neoplasms. Although the survivin protein is implicated in anti-apoptotic tumor pathways, little is known about the function of the survivin promoter. In this study, we constructed a conditionally replicative adenoviral vector (CRAd) that utilizes the survivin promoter and examined the mechanism of CRAd induced cell death in malignant glioma. Our results indicate that CRAd vectors which utilize the survivin promoter effectively replicate in glioma cells and exhibit a high oncolytic effect. The survivin-mediated CRAd appeared to induce apoptosis as measured by Annexin/7-AAD. Caspase-3 and BAX mRNAs were upregulated based on microarray data, however, Western blot analysis of infected cells showed no evidence of elevated caspase-3, BAX, or p53 protein expression. Of note, at each time point infected glioma cells showed no evidence of activated BAD or AKT. The inhibition of AKT signaling led us to examine autophagy in infected cells. Electron micrographs of virally infected glioma cells suggested auto-phagosomal-mediated cell death and selective blocking of beclin with siRNA prevented autophagy. These results indicate that the survivin promoter enhances viral replication and induces autophagy of infected glioma cells via a beclin-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Ulasov
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Dorer DE, Nettelbeck DM. Targeting cancer by transcriptional control in cancer gene therapy and viral oncolysis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:554-71. [PMID: 19394376 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-specificity is the key requirement for a drug or treatment regimen to be effective against malignant disease--and has rarely been achieved adequately to date. Therefore, targeting strategies need to be implemented for future therapies to ensure efficient activity at the site of patients' tumors or metastases without causing intolerable side-effects. Gene therapy and viral oncolysis represent treatment modalities that offer unique opportunities for tumor targeting. This is because both the transfer of genes with anti-cancer activity and viral replication-induced cell killing, respectively, facilitate the incorporation of multiple mechanisms restricting their activity to cancer. To this end, cellular mechanisms of gene regulation have been successfully exploited to direct therapeutic gene expression and viral cell lysis to cancer cells. Here, transcriptional targeting has been the role model and most widely investigated. This approach exploits cellular gene regulatory elements that mediate cell type-specific transcription to restrict the expression of therapeutic genes or essential viral genes, ideally to cancer cells. In this review, we first discuss the rationale for such promoter targeting and its limitations. We then give an overview how tissue-/tumor-specific promoters are being identified and characterized. Strategies to apply and optimize such promoters for the engineering of targeted viral gene transfer vectors and oncolytic viruses-with respect to promoter size, selectivity and activity in the context of viral genomes-are described. Finally, we discuss in more detail individual examples for transcriptionally targeted virus drugs. First highlighting oncolytic viruses targeted by prostate-specific promoters and by the telomerase promoter as representatives of tissue-targeted and pan-cancer-specific virus drugs respectively, and secondly recent developments of the last two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik E Dorer
- Helmholtz-University Group Oncolytic Adenoviruses, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Sharma A, Tandon M, Bangari DS, Mittal SK. Adenoviral vector-based strategies for cancer therapy. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2009; 4:117-138. [PMID: 20160875 DOI: 10.2174/157488509788185123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Definitive treatment of cancer has eluded scientists for decades. Current therapeutic modalities like surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and receptor-targeted antibodies have varied degree of success and generally have moderate to severe side effects. Gene therapy is one of the novel and promising approaches for therapeutic intervention of cancer. Viral vectors in general and adenoviral (Ad) vectors in particular are efficient natural gene delivery systems and are one of the obvious choices for cancer gene therapy. Clinical and preclinical findings with a wide variety of approaches like tumor suppressor and suicide gene therapy, oncolysis, immunotherapy, anti-angiogenesis and RNA interference using Ad vectors have been quite promising, but there are still many hurdles to overcome. Shortcomings like increased immunogenicity, prevalence of preexisting anti-Ad immunity in human population and lack of specific targeting limit the clinical usefulness of Ad vectors. In recent years, extensive research efforts have been made to overcome these limitations through a variety of approaches including the use of conditionally-replicating Ad and specific targeting of tumor cells. In this review, we discuss the potential strengths and limitations of Ad vectors for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Sharma
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, and Bindley Bioscience Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Correlation between the levels of survivin and survivin promoter-driven gene expression in cancer and non-cancer cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2008; 14:70-89. [PMID: 18839071 PMCID: PMC6275586 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-008-0034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family, is associated with malignant transformation and is over-expressed in most human tumors. Using lipoplex-mediated transfection, we evaluated the activity of the reporter enzyme, luciferase, expressed from plasmids encoding the enzyme under the control of either the cytomegalovirus (CMV) or survivin promoters, in tumor- and non-tumor-derived human and murine cells. We also examined whether there is a correlation between the survivin promoter-driven expression of luciferase and the level of endogenous survivin. Human cancer cells (HeLa, KB, HSC-3, H357, H376, H413), oral keratinocytes, GMSM-K, and chemically immortalized human mammary cells, 184A-1, were transfected with Metafectene at 2 μl/1 μg DNA. Murine squamous cell carcinoma cells, SCCVII, mouse embryonic fibroblasts, NIH-3T3, and murine immortalized mammary cells, NMuMG, were transfected with Metafectene PRO at 2 μl/1 μg DNA. The expression of luciferase was driven by the CMV promoter (pCMV.Luc), the human survivin promoter (pSRVN.Luc-1430), or the murine survivin promoters (pSRVN.Luc-1342 and pSRVN.Luc-194). Luciferase activity was measured, using the Luciferase Assay System and expressed as relative light units (RLU) per ml of cell lysate or per mg of protein. The level of survivin in the lysates of human cells was determined by ELISA and expressed as ng survivin/mg protein. In all cell lines, significantly higher luciferase activity was driven by the CMV promoter than by survivin promoters. The expression of luciferase driven by the CMV and survivin promoters in murine cells was much higher than that in human cells. The cells displayed very different susceptibilities to transfection; nevertheless, high CMV-driven luciferase activity appeared to correlate with high survivin-promoter driven luciferase expression. The survivin concentration in lysates of cancer cells ranged from 5.8 ± 2.3 to 24.3 ± 2.9 ng/mg protein (mean, 13.7 ng/mg). Surprisingly, elevated survivin protein was determined in lysates of non-tumor-derived cells. Survivin levels for GMSM-K and 184A-1 cells, were 16.7 ± 8.7 and 13.5 ± 6.2 ng/mg protein, respectively. The expression of endogenous survivin did not correlate with the level of survivin promoter-driven transgene activity in the same cells. The expression of survivin by non-tumorigenic, transformed cell lines may be necessary for their proliferative activity. The level of survivin promoter-driven gene expression achieved via liposomal vectors in OSCC cells was too low to be useful in cancer-cell specific gene therapy.
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Sagawa T, Yamada Y, Takahashi M, Sato Y, Kobune M, Takimoto R, Fukaura J, Iyama S, Sato T, Miyanishi K, Matsunaga T, Takayama T, Kato J, Sasaki K, Hamada H, Niitsu Y. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by AdAFPep/rep, AdAFPep/p53, and 5-fluorouracil in mice. Hepatology 2008; 48:828-40. [PMID: 18756484 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although conditionally replicable adenovirus (CRAd) has been used in the clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it suffers from the inherent drawback of having relatively low antitumor activity. Here, we have sought to overcome this drawback. First, we combined CRAd (AdAFPep/Rep) driven by alpha-fetoprotein enhancer/promoter (AFPep) with a replication-incompetent adenovirus carrying a p53 transgene that is also driven by AFPep. The synergism of this combination produced a significantly improved tumoricidal effect on the human HCC cell line Hep3B, which has a relatively short doubling time in comparison with other human HCC cell lines, through the transactivation of p53 by early region 1A transcribed by AdAFPep/Rep. This synergistic interaction was augmented by the addition of a subtumoricidal dose (0.5 microg/mL) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which enhanced p53 expression and facilitated the release of virions from tumor cells. When relatively large (10-mm-diameter) Hep3B tumors grown in nude mice were injected with the two viruses in combination, they showed significantly impaired growth in comparison with those treated with each virus separately. The growth suppression effect of the virus combination was enhanced by a low dose (600 microg) of 5-FU. Survival of the tumor-bearing mice treated with these three agents was significantly longer than that of control mice. Moreover, the tumor completely disappeared with the repeated injection of these agents. CONCLUSION This combination strategy holds promise for the treatment of relatively large and rapidly growing HCCs that may be encountered clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Sagawa
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Abstract
Survivin has multiple functions including cytoprotection, inhibition of cell death, and cell-cycle regulation, especially at the mitotic process stage, all of which favor cancer survival. Many studies on clinical specimens have shown that survivin expression is invariably up-regulated in human cancers and is associated with resistance to chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and linked to poor prognosis, suggesting that cancer cells survive with survivin. It is also reported that survivin inhibition, alone or in combination with the other therapies, induces or enhances apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe in tumor cells. Moreover, certain antitumor agents can reduce survivin expression. These findings suggest that survivin may be a promising molecular target against human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Zhang Y, Ma H, Zhang J, Liu S, Liu Y, Zheng D. AAV-mediated TRAIL gene expression driven by hTERT promoter suppressed human hepatocellular carcinoma growth in mice. Life Sci 2008; 82:1154-61. [PMID: 18485417 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A major obstacle in the development of effective recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) mediated gene therapy is infection specificity and gene targeting. In the present study, we investigated whether the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter could drive tumor-specific expression of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), an apoptosis apoptosis-inducing protein with potential toxic effects on normal cells. Our data demonstrated that hTERT promoter-driven tumor-specific expression of TRAIL decreased the cellular viability of tumor cells, but not normal cells. TRAIL expression driven by hTERT promoter inhibited tumor growth significantly in vivo and combination of viral infection with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) suppressed tumor growth more efficiently. Intra-venous injection of virus showed that the recombinant virus was predominantly distributed in the liver, but not in other major tissues tested, and no transgene expression was detected in the liver. Furthermore, serum enzyme and liver histology analysis confirmed that liver function is unaffected by TRAIL expression, significant as the liver is frequently metastasized and scattered with tumors from other organs, which are unpractical to treat by intra-tumor injection. Together our results demonstrate that rAAV-mediated TRAIL expression is a promising strategy in gene therapy for treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
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Guo ZS, Thorne SH, Bartlett DL. Oncolytic virotherapy: molecular targets in tumor-selective replication and carrier cell-mediated delivery of oncolytic viruses. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2008; 1785:217-31. [PMID: 18328829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous advances have been made in developing oncolytic viruses (OVs) in the last few years. By taking advantage of current knowledge in cancer biology and virology, specific OVs have been genetically engineered to target specific molecules or signal transduction pathways in cancer cells in order to achieve efficient and selective replication. The viral infection and amplification eventually induce cancer cells into cell death pathways and elicit host antitumor immune responses to further help eliminate cancer cells. Specifically targeted molecules or signaling pathways (such as RB/E2F/p16, p53, IFN, PKR, EGFR, Ras, Wnt, anti-apoptosis or hypoxia) in cancer cells or tumor microenvironment have been studied and dissected with a variety of OVs such as adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, poxvirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, measles virus, Newcastle disease virus, influenza virus and reovirus, setting the molecular basis for further improvements in the near future. Another exciting new area of research has been the harnessing of naturally tumor-homing cells as carrier cells (or cellular vehicles) to deliver OVs to tumors. The trafficking of these tumor-homing cells (stem cells, immune cells and cancer cells), which support proliferation of the viruses, is mediated by specific chemokines and cell adhesion molecules and we are just beginning to understand the roles of these molecules. Finally, we will highlight some avenues deserving further study in order to achieve the ultimate goals of utilizing various OVs for effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Sheng Guo
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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36
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Nettelbeck DM. Cellular genetic tools to control oncolytic adenoviruses for virotherapy of cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2007; 86:363-77. [PMID: 18214411 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-007-0291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Key challenges facing cancer therapy are the development of tumor-specific drugs and the implementation of potent multimodal treatment regimens. Oncolytic adenoviruses, featuring cancer-selective viral cell lysis and spread, constitute a particularly interesting drug platform towards both goals. First, as complex biological agents, adenoviruses allow for rational drug development by genetic incorporation of targeting mechanisms that exert their function at different stages of the viral replication cycle. Secondly, therapeutic genes implementing diverse cancer cell-killing activities can be inserted into the oncolytic adenovirus genome without loss of replication potential, thus deriving a "one-agent combination therapy". This article reviews an intriguing approach to derive oncolytic adenoviruses, which is to insert cellular genetic regulatory elements into adenovirus genomes for control of virus replication and therapeutic gene expression. This approach has been thoroughly investigated and optimized during the last decade for transcriptional targeting of adenovirus replication and gene expression to a wide panel of tumor types. More recently, further cellular regulatory mechanisms, such as mRNA stability and translation regulation, have been reported as tools for virus control. Consequently, oncolytic adenoviruses with a remarkable specificity profile for prostate cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, liver cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, and other cancers were derived. Such specificity profiles allow for the engineering of new generations of oncolytic adenoviruses with improved potency by enhancing viral cell binding and entry or by expressing therapeutic genes. Clearly, genetic engineering of viruses has great potential for the development of innovative antitumor drugs--towards targeted and multimodal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Nettelbeck
- Helmholtz-University Group Oncolytic Adenoviruses, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Wang GY, Ho IAW, Sia KC, Miao L, Hui KM, Lam PYP. Engineering an improved cell cycle-regulatable herpes simplex virus type 1 amplicon vector with enhanced transgene expression in proliferating cells yet attenuated activities in resting cells. Hum Gene Ther 2007; 18:222-31. [PMID: 17355186 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously generated a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-based amplicon vector (denoted pC8-36) in which gene expression from the minimal cyclin A promoter is repressed by preventing the binding of a trans-activating protein, Gal4-NF-YA, to it through selective interaction with the transcriptional repressor protein CDF-1. Because CDF-1 is absent in actively dividing cells, transgene expression conferred by the pC8-36 vector is therefore cell cycle dependent. As gene therapy evolves to become a promising therapeutic modality for many human diseases, there is an increasing need to further improve the kinetics of gene regulation. In the present study, we examined whether the availability of more binding sites for CDF-1 repressor proteins could enhance transgene expression. Using an overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, the CDE and CHR elements within the minimum cyclin A promoter were multimerized to contain two, three, and six copies of the designated CDE/CHR sequence. Interestingly, our results demonstrated that six-copy CDE/CHR sequence motifs (pC8-6CC-Luc) conferred an approximately 20-fold increase in the ratio of cell cycle regulation compared with the previous reported construct. Further, the overall transcriptional activities mediated by pC8-6CC-Luc were stronger compared with the native human survivin promoter, which consists of three copies of the CDE element and one copy of the CHR element. pC8-6CC-Luc contained, in essence, only the synthetic six-copy CDE/CHR sequence motif (about 262 bp). In comparison with other native endogenous promoters, which usually contain many other transcription binding sites, pC8-6CC-Luc amplicon vectors should confer better regulated and consistent transgene expression and may be considered a gene delivery vector of choice to target actively proliferating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Y Wang
- Gene Vector Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610
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Li B, Liu X, Fan J, Qi R, Bo L, Gu J, Qian Q, Qian C, Liu X. A survivin-mediated oncolytic adenovirus induces non-apoptotic cell death in lung cancer cells and shows antitumoral potential in vivo. J Gene Med 2007; 8:1232-42. [PMID: 16900558 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conditionally replicating adenoviruses or oncolytic adenoviruses, which can replicate selectively in tumor cells and kill them, represent an innovative class of promising cancer therapeutics. Survivin is the smallest member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family, which is transcriptionally upregulated exclusively in most malignant tissues but not in normal tissues. It has been reported that activity of the survivin promoter is tumor-specific, which makes the survivin promoter a good candidate to construct oncolytic viral vectors. METHODS A luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the activity of the survivin promoter in tumor and normal cells. An oncolytic adenovirus (Ad.SP/E1A) was generated by homologous recombination. The oncolytic efficacy of Ad.SP/E1A was evaluated in cell lines and in a human lung xenograft tumor mouse model. RESULTS Survivin expression was highly upregulated in tumor cells both at the protein and mRNA level. The luciferase reporter assay showed that survivin promoter activity is tumor-specific. Ad.SP/E1A expressed E1A selectively in tumor cells and induced cytotoxicity, but not in normal cells. Moreover, in animal experiments, intratumoral administration of Ad.SP/E1A significantly suppressed the growth of xenograft tumors. Further investigation showed that Ad.SP/E1A induced cell death by an apoptosis-independent pathway. CONCLUSIONS Ad.SP/E1A could be a potent therapeutic agent for cancer gene therapy. The investigation of the mechanisms of oncolytic virus-induced cell death in this work will shed light on the construction of more powerful vectors for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Abstract
Gene and viral therapies for cancer have shown some therapeutic effects, but there has been a lack of real breakthrough. To achieve the goal of complete elimination of tumor xenograft in animal models, we have developed a new strategy called Targeting Gene-Virotherapy of Cancer, which aims to combine the advantages of both gene therapy and virotherapy. This new strategy has produced stronger anti-tumor effects than either gene or viral therapy alone. A tumor-specific replicative adenovirus vector, designated as ZD55, was constructed by deletion of the 55kDa E1B region of adenovirus. The resulting viral construct not only retains a similar function to ONYX-015 by specifically targeting p53 negative tumors, but also allows for the insertion of various therapeutic genes to form appropriate ZD55 derivatives due to the newly introduced cloning site, a task not feasible with the original ONYX-015 virus. We showed that the anti-tumor effect of one such derivative, ZD55-IL-24, is at least 100 times more potent than that of either ZD55 virotherapy or Ad-IL-24 gene therapy. Nevertheless, complete elimination of tumor mass by the use of ZD55-IL-24 was only observed in some but not all mice, indicating that one therapeutic gene was not sufficient to "cure" these mice. When genes with complementary or synergetic effects were separately cloned into the ZD55 vector and used in combination (designated as the Dual Gene Therapy strategy), much better results were obtained; and it was possible to achieve complete elimination of all the xenograft tumor masses in all mice if two suitable genes were chosen. More comprehensive studies based on this new strategy will likely lead to a protocol for clinical trial. Finally, the concept of Double Controlled Targeting Virus-Dual Gene Therapy for cancer treatment, and the implication of the recent progress in cancer stem cells are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Takahashi T, Kawai T, Ushikoshi H, Nagano S, Oshika H, Inoue M, Kunisada T, Takemura G, Fujiwara H, Kosai KI. Identification and isolation of embryonic stem cell-derived target cells by adenoviral conditional targeting. Mol Ther 2006; 14:673-83. [PMID: 16905366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 05/16/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The technical limitations of isolating target cells have restricted the utility of pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells. For example, early cardiac (i.e., precontractile) cells have not been isolated from ES cells. Here, we find that direct expression of reporter genes under cell-specific promoters-the currently available strategy for isolating cells lacking cell-specific surface markers-is ineffective for isolating progenitor cells. This was due to the weak activity of cell-specific promoters, particularly in ES cells at early stages. We show that adenoviral conditional targeting efficiently isolates viable ES cell-derived target cells without harmful effects. In this strategy, we employ the alpha-myosin heavy chain and Nkx2.5 promoter to visualize and purify efficiently differentiated and primitive cells of the cardiac lineage, respectively. While the former cells predominantly expressed sarcomeric proteins and maintained contractile function, the latter demonstrated neither of these features, but rather exhibited expression patterns characteristic of a mixture of primitive cells and cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, smooth muscle actin was predominantly expressed in the latter cells, and both functionally known and unknown genes were systematically identified, demonstrating the benefits of this system. Thus, our method facilitates molecular and cellular studies of development and ES cell-derived cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Takahashi
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Department of Advanced Therapeutics and Regenerative Medicine, Kurume University, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
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Sato F, Abraham JM, Yin J, Kan T, Ito T, Mori Y, Hamilton JP, Jin Z, Cheng Y, Paun B, Berki AT, Wang S, Shimada Y, Meltzer SJ. Polo-like kinase and survivin are esophageal tumor-specific promoters. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 342:465-71. [PMID: 16487489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.01.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
For developing successful cancer gene therapy strategies, tumor-specific gene delivery is essential. In this study, we used esophageal cancer (EC) cells to identify and evaluate esophageal tumor-specific gene promoters. Four genes (polo-like kinase-1/PLK, survivin/BIRC5, karyopherin alpha 2/KPNA2, and pituitary tumor transforming gene protein 1/PTTG1) were identified by a microarray analysis as highly expressed in EC cell lines vs. five normal organ tissues (liver, lung, kidney, brain, and heart). By quantitative RT-PCR, the average mRNA expression levels of these four genes in 20 primary ECs were 2.7-fold (PLK), 6.1-fold (survivin), 2.6-fold (KPNA2), and 2.4-fold (PTTG1) higher than that of each gene in 24 different normal organs. By dual luciferase assay, the promoter activity of PLK and survivin in EC cell lines was 18.9-fold and 28.5-fold higher, respectively, than in normal lung and renal cells. The promoters of PLK and survivin could be useful tools for developing EC-specific gene therapy vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Sato
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Parato KA, Senger D, Forsyth PAJ, Bell JC. Recent progress in the battle between oncolytic viruses and tumours. Nat Rev Cancer 2005; 5:965-76. [PMID: 16294217 DOI: 10.1038/nrc1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the past 5 years, the field of oncolytic virus research has matured significantly and is moving past the stage of being a laboratory novelty into a new era of preclinical and clinical trials. What have recent anticancer trials of oncolytic viruses taught us about this exciting new line of therapeutics?
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley A Parato
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Health Research Institute, 503 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6
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