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Takeuchi Y, Tohda K, Tanaka H. Syntheses of α(2,8) Sialosides Containing NeuAc and NeuGc by Using Double Carbonyl-Protected N-Acyl Sialyl Donors. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400883. [PMID: 38556469 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
We report on the syntheses of NeuAc and NeuGc-containing glycosides via the use of double carbonyl-protected N-acetyl sialyl donors. The 7-O,9-O-carbonyl protection of an N-acyl-5-N,4-O-carbonyl-protected sialyl donor markedly increased the α-selectivity during glycosylation, particularly when glycosylating the C-8 hydroxyl group of sialic acids. The N-acyl carbamates were selectively opened with ethanethiol under basic conditions to provide N-acyl amines. It is noteworthy that N-glycolyl carbamate was more reactive to nucleophiles by comparison with the N-acetyl carbamate due to the electron-withdrawing oxygen in the N-acyl group and however, allowed selective opening of the carbamates without the loss of N-glycolyl groups. To demonstrate the utility of the approach, we began by synthesizing α(2,3) and α(2,6) sialyl galactosides. Glycosylation of the hydroxy groups of galactosides at the C-6 position with the NeuAc and NeuGc donors provided the corresponding sialyl galactoses in good yields with excellent α-selectivity. However, glycosylation of the 2,3-diol galactosyl acceptor selectively provided Siaα(2,2)Gal. Next, we prepared a series of α(2,8) disialosides composed of NeuAc and NeuGc. Glycosylation of NeuGc and NeuAc acceptors at the C-8 hydroxyl group with NeuGc and NeuAc sialyl donors provided the corresponding α(2,8) disialosides, and no significant differences were detected in the reactivities of these acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Takeuchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 12-12-1-H101 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tohda
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 12-12-1-H101 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 12-12-1-H101 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
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Chen B, Liu J. Prospects and challenges of CAR-T in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112112. [PMID: 38640714 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer ranks as the seventh most prevalent cancer among women and is considered the most lethal gynecological malignancy on a global scale. The absence of reliable screening techniques, coupled with the insidious onset of nonspecific symptoms, often results in a delayed diagnosis, typically at an advanced stage characterized by peritoneal involvement. Management of advanced tumors typically involves a combination of chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery. However, the therapeutic arsenal for ovarian cancer patients remains limited, highlighting the unmet need for precise, targeted, and sustained-release pharmacological agents. Genetically engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) represent a promising novel therapeutic modality that selectively targets specific antigens, demonstrating robust and enduring antitumor responses in numerous patients. CAR T cell therapy has exhibited notable efficacy in hematological malignancies and is currently under investigation for its potential in treating various solid tumors, including ovarian cancer. Currently, numerous researchers are engaged in the development of novel CAR-T cells designed to target ovarian cancer, with subsequent evaluation of these candidate cells in preclinical studies. Given the ability of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expressing T cells to elicit potent and long-lasting anti-tumor effects, this therapeutic approach holds significant promise for the treatment of ovarian cancer. This review article examines the utilization of CAR-T cells in the context of ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqing Chen
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Akhtar S, Sagar K, Singh A, Hote MP, Roy A, Sharma A. Inflammation-induced sialin mediates nitrate efflux in dysfunctional endothelium affecting NO bioavailability. Nitric Oxide 2024; 146:37-47. [PMID: 38579899 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM The mechanism of NO bioavailability in endothelial dysfunction, the trigger for atherogenesis is still unclear as exogenous nitrate therapy fails to alleviate endothelial dysfunction. Recently, sialin, a nitrate transporter, has been linked to affect tissue nitrate/nitrite levels. Hence, we investigated the role of sialin in NO bioavailability in endothelial dysfunction. METHODS Serum-starved HUVECs were stimulated with either TNFα or AT-2 for 24 h either alone or in the presence of autophagy inducer or autophagy inhibitor alone. Nitric oxide, nitrite, and nitrate levels were measured in cell supernatant and cell lysate. Quantitative real-time PCR, Annexin V-PI, and monocyte adhesion assays were performed. Immunofluorescence staining for sialin, vWF, and LC3 was performed. STRING database was used to create protein interacting partners for sialin. RESULTS Sialin is strongly expressed in activated EC in vitro and atherosclerotic plaque as well as tumor neo-vessel ECs. Sialin mediates nitrate ion efflux and is negatively regulated by autophagy via mTOR pathway. Blocking sialin enhances NO bioavailability, autophagy, cell survival, and eNOS expression while decreasing monocyte adhesion. PPI shows LGALS8 to directly interact with sialin and regulate autophagy, cell-cell adhesion, and apoptosis. CONCLUSION Sialin is a potential novel therapeutic target for treating endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Komal Sagar
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Milind P Hote
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Ambuj Roy
- Department of Cardiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
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Hutton E, Scott E, Robson CN, Signoret N, Fascione MA. A systematic review reveals conflicting evidence for the prevalence of antibodies against the sialic acid 'xenoautoantigen' Neu5Gc in humans and the need for a standardised approach to quantification. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1390711. [PMID: 38737334 PMCID: PMC11082328 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1390711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite an array of hypothesised implications for health, disease, and therapeutic development, antibodies against the non-human sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) remain a subject of much debate. This systematic review of 114 publications aimed to generate a comprehensive overview of published studies in this field, addressing both the reported prevalence of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in the human population and whether experimental variation accounts for the conflicting reports about the extent of this response. Absolute titres of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies, the reported prevalence of these antibodies, and the individual variation observed within experiments were analysed and grouped according to biological context ('inflammation', 'xenotransplantation', 'biotherapeutic use', 'cancer', and 'healthy populations'), detection method, target epitope selection, and choice of blocking agent. These analyses revealed that the experimental method had a notable impact on both the reported prevalence and absolute titres of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in the general population, thereby limiting the ability to ascribe reported trends to genuine biological differences or the consequence of experimental design. Overall, this review highlights important knowledge gaps in the study of antibodies against this important xenoautoantigen and the need to establish a standardised method for their quantification if the extent of the importance of Neu5Gc in human health is to be fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esme Hutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Scott
- Newcastle University, Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Craig N. Robson
- Newcastle University, Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle, United Kingdom
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Heinzelbecker J, Fauskanger M, Jonson I, Krengel U, Løset GÅ, Munthe L, Tveita A. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting the GM3(Neu5Gc) ganglioside. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1331345. [PMID: 38370401 PMCID: PMC10869436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell technology has ushered in a new era of immunotherapy, enabling the targeting of a broad range of surface antigens, surpassing the limitations of traditional T cell epitopes. Despite the wide range of non-protein tumor-associated antigens, the advancement in crafting CAR T cells for these targets has been limited. Owing to an evolutionary defect in the CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (CMAH) that abolishes the synthesis of CMP-Neu5Gc from CMP-Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc is generally absent in human tissues. Despite this, Neu5Gc-containing antigens, including the ganglioside GM3(Neu5Gc) have consistently been observed on tumor cells across a variety of human malignancies. This restricted expression makes GM3(Neu5Gc) an appealing and highly specific target for immunotherapy. In this study, we designed and evaluated 14F7-28z CAR T cells, with a targeting unit derived from the GM3(Neu5Gc)-specific murine antibody 14F7. These cells exhibited exceptional specificity, proficiently targeting GM3(Neu5Gc)-expressing murine tumor cells in syngeneic mouse models, ranging from B cell malignancies to epithelial tumors, without compromising safety. Notably, human tumor cells enhanced with murine Cmah were effectively targeted and eliminated by the 14F7 CAR T cells. Nonetheless, despite the detectable presence of GM3(Neu5Gc) in unmodified human tumor xenografts, the levels were insufficient to trigger a tumoricidal T-cell response with the current CAR T cell configuration. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of targeting the GM3(Neu5Gc) ganglioside using CAR T cells across a variety of cancers and set the stage for the optimization of 14F7-based therapies for future human clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Heinzelbecker
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marte Fauskanger
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Jonson
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ute Krengel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Åge Løset
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Nextera AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig Munthe
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Tveita
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Langbøl M, Rovelt J, Saruhanian A, Saruhanian S, Tiedemann D, Baskaran T, Bocca C, Vohra R, Cvenkel B, Lenaers G, Kolko M. Distinct Metabolic Profiles of Ocular Hypertensives in Response to Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:195. [PMID: 38203366 PMCID: PMC10779258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The main risk factor is elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), but the actual cause of the disease remains unknown. Emerging evidence indicates that metabolic dysfunction plays a central role. The aim of the current study was to determine and compare the effect of universal hypoxia on the metabolomic signature in plasma samples from healthy controls (n = 10), patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG, n = 10), and ocular hypertension (OHT, n = 10). By subjecting humans to universal hypoxia, we aim to mimic a state in which the mitochondria in the body are universally stressed. Participants were exposed to normobaric hypoxia for two hours, followed by a 30 min recovery period in normobaric normoxia. Blood samples were collected at baseline, during hypoxia, and in recovery. Plasma samples were analyzed using a non-targeted metabolomics approach based on liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Multivariate analyses were conducted using principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and univariate analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Unique metabolites involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and ketone body metabolism were upregulated, while metabolites of the kynurenine pathway were downregulated in OHT patients exposed to universal hypoxia. Differential affection of metabolic pathways may explain why patients with OHT initially do not suffer or are more resilient from optic nerve degeneration. The metabolomes of NTG and OHT patients are regulated differently from control subjects and show dysregulation of metabolites important for energy production. These dysregulated processes may potentially contribute to the elevation of IOP and, ultimately, cell death of the RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Langbøl
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Jens Rovelt
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Arevak Saruhanian
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Sarkis Saruhanian
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Daniel Tiedemann
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Thisayini Baskaran
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Cinzia Bocca
- Faculté de Santé, Institut MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France; (C.B.); (G.L.)
- Département de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), 49933 Angers, France
| | - Rupali Vohra
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Barbara Cvenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Faculté de Santé, Institut MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France; (C.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
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Wang Z, Nie X, Gao F, Tang Y, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Yang C, Ding J, Wang X. Increasing brain N-acetylneuraminic acid alleviates hydrocephalus-induced neurological deficits. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3183-3198. [PMID: 37222223 PMCID: PMC10580356 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This metabolomic study aimed to evaluate the role of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) in the neurological deficits of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and its potential therapeutic effect. METHODS We analyzed the metabolic profiles of NPH using cerebrospinal fluid with multivariate and univariate statistical analyses in a set of 42 NPH patients and 38 controls. We further correlated the levels of differential metabolites with severity-related clinical parameters, including the normal pressure hydrocephalus grading scale (NPHGS). We then established kaolin-induced hydrocephalus in mice and treated them using N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc), a precursor of Neu5Ac. We examined brain Neu5Ac, astrocyte polarization, demyelination, and neurobehavioral outcomes to explore its therapeutic effect. RESULTS Three metabolites were significantly altered in NPH patients. Only decreased Neu5Ac levels were correlated with NPHGS scores. Decreased brain Neu5Ac levels have been observed in hydrocephalic mice. Increasing brain Neu5Ac by ManNAc suppressed the activation of astrocytes and promoted their transition from A1 to A2 polarization. ManNAc also attenuated the periventricular white matter demyelination and improved neurobehavioral outcomes in hydrocephalic mice. CONCLUSION Increasing brain Neu5Ac improved the neurological outcomes associated with the regulation of astrocyte polarization and the suppression of demyelination in hydrocephalic mice, which may be a potential therapeutic strategy for NPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoqun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)ShanghaiChina
| | - Fang Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)ShanghaiChina
| | - Yanmin Tang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yanqin Gao
- Department of the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chen Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)ShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Moharamipour S, Aminifar M, Foroughi-Gilvaee MR, Faranoush P, Mahdavi R, Abadijoo H, Parniani M, Abbasvandi F, Mansouri S, Abdolahad M. Hydroelectric actuator for 3-dimensional analysis of electrophoretic and dielectrophoretic behavior of cancer cells; suitable in diagnosis and invasion studies. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213476. [PMID: 37276690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a cellular-based disease, so cytological diagnosis is one of the main challenges for its early detection. An extensive number of diagnostic methods have been developed to separate cancerous cells from normal ones, in electrical methods attract progressive attention. Identifying and specifying different cells requires understanding their dielectric and electric properties. This study evaluated MDA-MB-231, HUVEC, and MCF-10A cell lines, WBCs isolated from blood, and patient-derived cell samples with a cylindrical body with two transparent FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) plate electrodes. Cell mobility rates were recorded in response to these stimuli. It was observed that cancer cells demonstrate drastic changes in their motility in the presence and absence of an electric field (DC/AC). Also, solution viscosity's effect on cancer cells' capturing efficacy was evaluated. This research's main distinguished specification uses a non-microfluidic platform to detect and pathologically evaluate cytological samples with a simple, cheap, and repeatable platform. The capturing procedure was carried out on a cytological slide without any complicated electrode patterning with the ability of cytological staining. Moreover, this platform successfully designed and experimented with the invasion assay (the ability of captured cancer cells to invade normal cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Moharamipour
- Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, Cancer Electronics Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Aminifar
- Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, Cancer Electronics Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Foroughi-Gilvaee
- Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, Cancer Electronics Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooya Faranoush
- Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, Cancer Electronics Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reihane Mahdavi
- Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, Cancer Electronics Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Abadijoo
- Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, Cancer Electronics Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Parniani
- Pathology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Abbasvandi
- Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, Cancer Electronics Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX: 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mansouri
- Radiation Oncology Research Center (RORC), Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdolahad
- Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, Cancer Electronics Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; UT and TUMS Cancer Electronics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang J, Shewell LK, Day CJ, Jennings MP. N-glycolylneuraminic acid as a carbohydrate cancer biomarker. Transl Oncol 2023; 31:101643. [PMID: 36805917 PMCID: PMC9971276 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the forms of aberrant glycosylation in human tumors is the expression of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). The only known enzyme to biosynthesize Neu5Gc in mammals, cytidine-5'-monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMAH), appears to be genetically inactivated in humans. Regardless, low levels of Neu5Gc have been detected in healthy humans. Therefore, it is proposed that the presence of Neu5Gc in humans is from dietary acquisition, such as red meat. Notably, detection of elevated Neu5Gc levels has been repeatedly found in cancer tissues, cells and serum samples, thereby Neu5Gc-containing antigens may be exploited as a class of cancer biomarkers. Here we review the findings to date on using Neu5Gc-containing tumor glycoconjugates as a class of cancer biomarkers for cancer detection, surveillance, prognosis and therapeutic targets. We review the evidence that supports an emerging hypothesis of de novo Neu5Gc biosynthesis in human cancer cells as a source of Neu5Gc in human tumors, generated under certain metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Lucy K Shewell
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Altered sialin mRNA gene expression in type 2 diabetic male Wistar rats: implications for nitric oxide deficiency. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4013. [PMID: 36899088 PMCID: PMC10006425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrate therapy has been suggested to boost nitric oxide (NO) levels in type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, little is known about nitrate transport across the membranes. This study aimed to assess changes in the mRNA expression of sialin, as a nitrate transporter, in the main tissues of rats with T2D. Rats were divided into two groups (n = 6/group): Control and T2D. A high-fat diet combined with a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 30 mg/kg) was used to induce T2D. At month 6, samples from the main tissues of rats were used to measure the mRNA expression of sialin and levels of NO metabolites. Rats with T2D had lower nitrate levels in the soleus muscle (66%), lung (48%), kidney (43%), aorta (30%), adrenal gland (58%), epididymal adipose tissue (eAT) (61%), and heart (37%) and had lower nitrite levels in the pancreas (47%), kidney (42%), aorta (33%), liver (28%), eAT (34%), and heart (32%). The order of sialin gene expression in control rats was: soleus muscle > kidney > pancreas > lung > liver > adrenal gland > brain > eAT > intestine > stomach > aorta > heart. Compared to controls, rats with T2D had higher sialin mRNA expressions in the stomach (2.1), eAT (2.0), adrenal gland (1.7), liver (8.9), and soleus muscle (3.4), and lower sialin expression in the intestine (0.56), pancreas (0.42), and kidney (0.44), all P values < 0.05. These findings indicate altered sialin mRNA expression in the main tissues of male T2D rats and may have implications for future NO-based treatment of T2D.
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Preliminary Analysis of the Glycolipid Profile in Secondary Brain Tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4293172. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4293172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) play numerous roles in cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and cell signaling. Alteration of the GSLs metabolism leads to the accumulation of particular species of GSLs, which can lead to various pathologies, including carcinogenesis and metastasis; in essence, all neoplasms are characterized by the synthesis and aberrant organization of GSLs expressed on the cell surface. Secondary brain tumors make up the majority of intracranial cancers and generally present an unfavorable prognosis. In the present work, a native GSL mixture extracted and purified from a secondary brain tumor with primary pulmonary origin was obtained through extraction and purification and analyzed by MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. Research in the field of lipidomics could offer new data for the understanding of brain tropism and metastatic pathways, by studying the glycolipid molecules involved in the process of metastasis in general and in the production of brain metastases in particular. This could shed new light on the pattern of lipid glycosylation in secondary brain tumors, with a great impact on the effectiveness of cancer therapies, which could be adapted to the specific molecular pattern of the tumor.
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12
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Quantitative aspects of nitric oxide production in the heart. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11113-11122. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Cribioli E, Giordano Attianese GMP, Coukos G, Irving M. CAR T cells targeting the ganglioside NGcGM3 control ovarian tumors in the absence of toxicity against healthy tissues. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951143. [PMID: 35990626 PMCID: PMC9389107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have emerged as a powerful immunotherapeutic tool against certain hematological malignancies but a significant proportion of patients either do not respond or they relapse, sometimes as a result of target antigen loss. Moreover, limited clinical benefit has been reported for CAR therapy against epithelial derived solid tumors. A major reason for this is the paucity of solid tumor antigens identified to date that are broadly, homogeneously and stably expressed but not found on healthy tissues. To address this, here we describe the development and evaluation of CAR T cells directed against N-glycoslylated ganglioside monosialic 3 (NGcGM3). NGcGM3 derives from the enzymatic hydroxylation of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NAc) GM3 (NAcGM3) and it is present on the surface of a range of cancers including ovarian, breast, melanoma and lymphoma. However, while NAcGM3 is found on healthy human cells, NGcGM3 is not due to the 7deletion of an exon in the gene encoding for the enzyme cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH). Indeed, unlike for most mammals, in humans NGcGM3 is considered a neoantigen as its presence on tumors is the result of metabolic incorporation from dietary sources. Here, we have generated 3 CARs comprising different single chain variable fragments (scFvs) originating from the well-characterized monoclonal antibody (mAb) 14F7. We show reactivity of the CAR T cells against a range of patient tumor fragments and we demonstrate control of NGcGM3+ SKOV3 ovarian tumors in the absence of toxicity despite the expression of CMAH and presence of NGcGM3+ on healthy tissues in NSG mice. Taken together, our data indicate clinical potential for 14F7-based CAR T cells against a range of cancers, both in terms of efficacy and of patient safety.
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14
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Tamiya-Koizumi K, Otoki Y, Nakagawa K, Kannagi R, Mizutani N, Suzuki M, Kyogashima M, Iwaki S, Aoyama M, Murate T, Kitatani K, Kuga T, Mizutani Y, Tokumura A. Cellular concentrations of plasmalogen species containing a polyunsaturated fatty acid significantly increase under hypoxia in human colorectal cancer, Caco2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 611:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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15
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Go S, Sato C, Hane M, Go S, Kitajima K. Implication of N-glycolylneuraminic acid in regulation of cell adhesiveness of C2C12 myoblast cells during differentiation into myotube cells. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:619-631. [PMID: 35639196 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A transition of sialic acid (Sia) species on GM3 ganglioside from N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) to N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) takes place in mouse C2C12 myoblast cells during their differentiation into myotube cells. However, the meaning of this Sia transition remains unclear. This study thus aims to gain a functional insight into this phenomenon. The following lines of evidence show that the increased de novo synthesis of Neu5Gc residues in differentiating myoblast cells promotes adhesiveness of the cells, which is beneficial for promotion of differentiation. First, the Sia transition occurred even in the C2C12 cells cultured in serum-free medium, indicating that it happens through de novo synthesis of Neu5Gc. Second, GM3(Neu5Gc) was localized in myoblast cells, but not in myotube cells, and related to expression of the CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (CMAH) gene. Notably, expression of CMAH precedes myotube formation not only in differentiating C2C12 cells, but also in mouse developing embryos. Since the myoblast cells were attached on the dish surface more strongly than the myotube cells, expression of GM3(Neu5Gc) may be related to the surface attachment of the myoblast cells. Third, exogenous Neu5Gc, but not Neu5Ac, promoted differentiation of C2C12 cells, thus increasing the number of cells committed to fuse with each other. Fourth, the CMAH-transfected C2C12 cells were attached on the gelatin-coated surface much more rapidly than the mock-cells, suggesting that the expression of CMAH promotes cell adhesiveness through the expression of Neu5Gc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Go
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaya Hane
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shinji Go
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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16
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Abou Khouzam R, Zaarour RF, Brodaczewska K, Azakir B, Venkatesh GH, Thiery J, Terry S, Chouaib S. The Effect of Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Associated Pathways in the Regulation of Antitumor Response: Friends or Foes? Front Immunol 2022; 13:828875. [PMID: 35211123 PMCID: PMC8861358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.828875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an environmental stressor that is instigated by low oxygen availability. It fuels the progression of solid tumors by driving tumor plasticity, heterogeneity, stemness and genomic instability. Hypoxia metabolically reprograms the tumor microenvironment (TME), adding insult to injury to the acidic, nutrient deprived and poorly vascularized conditions that act to dampen immune cell function. Through its impact on key cancer hallmarks and by creating a physical barrier conducive to tumor survival, hypoxia modulates tumor cell escape from the mounted immune response. The tumor cell-immune cell crosstalk in the context of a hypoxic TME tips the balance towards a cold and immunosuppressed microenvironment that is resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Nonetheless, evidence is emerging that could make hypoxia an asset for improving response to ICI. Tackling the tumor immune contexture has taken on an in silico, digitalized approach with an increasing number of studies applying bioinformatics to deconvolute the cellular and non-cellular elements of the TME. Such approaches have additionally been combined with signature-based proxies of hypoxia to further dissect the turbulent hypoxia-immune relationship. In this review we will be highlighting the mechanisms by which hypoxia impacts immune cell functions and how that could translate to predicting response to immunotherapy in an era of machine learning and computational biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raefa Abou Khouzam
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rania Faouzi Zaarour
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Klaudia Brodaczewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bilal Azakir
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Goutham Hassan Venkatesh
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jerome Thiery
- INSERM U1186, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Stéphane Terry
- INSERM U1186, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Research Department, Inovarion, Paris, France
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,INSERM U1186, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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17
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Wang D, Zhang T, Madunić K, de Waard AA, Blöchl C, Mayboroda OA, Griffioen M, Spaapen RM, Huber CG, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM, Wuhrer M. Glycosphingolipid-Glycan Signatures of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines Reflect Hematopoietic Differentiation. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1029-1040. [PMID: 35168327 PMCID: PMC8981326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of certain glycosphingolipids (GSLs) is associated with the differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. However, the expression patterns of GSLs in AML are still poorly explored because of their complexity, the presence of multiple isomeric structures, and tedious analytical procedures. In this study, we performed an in-depth GSL glycan analysis of 19 AML cell lines using porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealing strikingly different GSL glycan profiles between the various AML cell lines. The cell lines of the M6 subtype showed a high expression of gangliosides with α2,3-sialylation and Neu5Gc, while the M2 and M5 subtypes were characterized by high expression of (neo)lacto-series glycans and Lewis A/X antigens. Integrated analysis of glycomics and available transcriptomics data revealed the association of GSL glycan abundances with the transcriptomics expression of certain glycosyltransferases (GTs) and transcription factors (TFs). In addition, correlations were found between specific GTs and TFs. Our data reveal TFs GATA2, GATA1, and RUNX1 as candidate inducers of the expression of gangliosides and sialylation via regulation of the GTs ST3GAL2 and ST8SIA1. In conclusion, we show that GSL glycan expression levels are associated with hematopoietic AML classifications and TF and GT gene expression. Further research is needed to dissect the regulation of GSL expression and its role in hematopoiesis and associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katarina Madunić
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius A de Waard
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Constantin Blöchl
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Oleg A Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Griffioen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert M Spaapen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian G Huber
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Gong G, Tang X, Zhang J, Liang X, Yang J, Li Q. Phenylboronic Acid-Modified Polyamidoamine Mediated the Transfection of Polo-Like Kinase-1 siRNA to Achieve an Anti-Tumor Efficacy. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:8037-8048. [PMID: 34934312 PMCID: PMC8680781 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s329433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The construction of tumor-targeting carriers with favorable transfection efficiency was of great significance to achieve the tumor gene therapy. The phenylboronic acid-modified polyamidoamine (namely PP) was employed as a carrier for the delivery of Polo-like kinase-1 siRNA (siPlk-1), inducing an obvious anti-tumor response. Materials and Methods The interaction between PP and siPlk-1 was evaluated by gel retardation assay. The transfection efficiency and tumor-targeting ability were analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy, using hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 as a model. The anti-proliferation effect of PP/siPlk-1 and related mechanism were studied using the strategies of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The anti-migration effect induced by PP/siPlk-1 delivery was assayed by wound healing and Transwell migration techniques. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to measure the expression level of Plk-1 and other key targets. Results The derivative PP could achieve the condensation of siPlk-1 into stable nanoparticles at nitrogen/phosphate groups ratio (N/P ratio) of >3.0, and it could facilitate the transfection of siPk-1 in a phenylboronic acid-dependent manner. The PP/siPlk-1 nanoparticles exhibited obvious anti-proliferation effect owing to the gene silence of Plk-1, which was identified to be associated with the cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2 phase. Meanwhile, PP/siPlk-1 transfection could efficiently suppress the migration and invasion of tumor cells. Conclusion The derivative PP has been demonstrated to be an ideal tumor-targeting carrier for the delivery of Plk-1 siRNA, exhibiting great potential in the gene therapy of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Gong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuhui Tang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiebing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanshun Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
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19
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Bjerregaard-Andersen K, Abraha F, Johannesen H, Oscarson S, Moreno E, Krengel U. Key role of a structural water molecule for the specificity of 14F7-An antitumor antibody targeting the NeuGc GM3 ganglioside. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1500-1509. [PMID: 34735569 PMCID: PMC8684480 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated glycolipids such as NeuGc GM3 are auspicious molecular targets in antineoplastic therapies and vaccine strategies. 14F7 is a monoclonal IgG1 with high clinical potential in cancer immunotherapy as it displays extraordinary specificity for NeuGc GM3, while it does not recognize the very similar, ubiquitous NeuAc GM3. Here we present the 2.3 Å crystal structure of the 14F7 antigen-binding domain (14F7 scFv) in complex with the NeuGc GM3 trisaccharide. Modeling analysis and previous mutagenesis data suggest that 14F7 may also bind to an alternative NeuGc GM3 conformation, not observed in the crystal structure. The most intriguing finding, however, was that a water molecule centrally placed in the complementarity-determining region directly mediates the specificity of 14F7 to NeuGc GM3. This has profound impact on the complexity of engineering in the binding site and provides an excellent example of the importance in understanding the water structure in antibody-antigen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fana Abraha
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Recipharm OT Chemistry, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hedda Johannesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ernesto Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Medellín, Medellín 050026, Colombia
| | - Ute Krengel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
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20
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Hugonnet M, Singh P, Haas Q, von Gunten S. The Distinct Roles of Sialyltransferases in Cancer Biology and Onco-Immunology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:799861. [PMID: 34975914 PMCID: PMC8718907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.799861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a key feature of malignant transformation. Hypersialylation, the enhanced expression of sialic acid-terminated glycoconjugates on the cell surface, has been linked to immune evasion and metastatic spread, eventually by interaction with sialoglycan-binding lectins, including Siglecs and selectins. The biosynthesis of tumor-associated sialoglycans involves sialyltransferases, which are differentially expressed in cancer cells. In this review article, we provide an overview of the twenty human sialyltransferases and their roles in cancer biology and immunity. A better understanding of the individual contribution of select sialyltransferases to the tumor sialome may lead to more personalized strategies for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolaine Hugonnet
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine (BCPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pushpita Singh
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Haas
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan von Gunten
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine (BCPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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van Houtum EJH, Büll C, Cornelissen LAM, Adema GJ. Siglec Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:790317. [PMID: 34966391 PMCID: PMC8710542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are a family of receptors that recognize sialoglycans - sialic acid containing glycans that are abundantly present on cell membranes. Siglecs are expressed on most immune cells and can modulate their activity and function. The majority of Siglecs contains immune inhibitory motifs comparable to the immune checkpoint receptor PD-1. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), signaling through the Siglec-sialoglycan axis appears to be enhanced through multiple mechanisms favoring tumor immune evasion similar to the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway. Siglec expression on tumor-infiltrating immune cells appears increased in the immune suppressive microenvironment. At the same time, enhanced Siglec ligand expression has been reported for several tumor types as a result of aberrant glycosylation, glycan modifications, and the increased expression of sialoglycans on proteins and lipids. Siglec signaling has been identified as important regulator of anti-tumor immunity in the TME, but the key factors contributing to Siglec activation by tumor-associated sialoglycans are diverse and poorly defined. Among others, Siglec activation and signaling are co-determined by their expression levels, cell surface distribution, and their binding preferences for cis- and trans-ligands in the TME. Siglec binding preference are co-determined by the nature of the proteins/lipids to which the sialoglycans are attached and the multivalency of the interaction. Here, we review the current understanding and emerging conditions and factors involved in Siglec signaling in the TME and identify current knowledge gaps that exist in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline J. H. van Houtum
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Christian Büll
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, Netherlands
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lenneke A. M. Cornelissen
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gosse J. Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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22
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Sebzda T, Gnus J, Dziadkowiec B, Latka M, Gburek J. Diagnostic usefulness of selected proteases and acute phase factors in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6673-6688. [PMID: 34754160 PMCID: PMC8554409 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i39.6673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncontrolled growth and loss of control over basic metabolic functions, leading to invasive proliferation and metastases, are the salient traits of malignant tumors in general and colorectal cancer in particular. Invasion and metastases hinder effective tumor treatment. While surgical techniques and radiotherapy can be used to remove tumor focus, only chemotherapy can eliminate dispersed neoplastic cells. However, the efficacy of the latter method is limited in the advanced stages of the disease. Therefore, recognition of the mechanisms involved in neoplastic cell spreading is indispensable for developing effective therapies.
AIM To use a number of biomarkers involved in cancer progression and identify a panel that could be used for effective early diagnosis.
METHODS We recruited 185 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma (98 men, 87 women with median age 63). Thirty-five healthy controls were sex and age-matched. Dukes’ staging was as follows: A = 22, B = 52, C = 72, D = 39. We analyzed patients' blood serum before surgery. We determined: (1) Cathepsin B (CB) with Barrett's method (fluorogenic substrate); (2) Leukocytic elastase (LE) in a complex with alpha 1 trypsin inhibitor (AAT) using the immunoenzymatic MERCK test; (3) Total sialic acid (TSA) with the colorimetric periodate-resorcinol method; (4) Lipid-bound sialic acid (LASA) with the colorimetric Taut's method; and (5) The antitrypsin activity (ATA) employing the colorimetric test.
RESULTS In patients, the values of the five biochemical parameters were as follows: CB = 16.1 ± 8.8 mU/L, LE = 875 ± 598 µg/L, TSA = 99 ± 31 mg%, LASA = 0.68 ± 0.33 mg%, and ATA = 3211 ± 1504 U/mL. Except for LASA, they were significantly greater than those of controls: CB = 11.4 ± 6.5 mU/L, LE = 379 ± 187 µg/L, TSA = 71.4 ± 15.1 mg%, LASA = 0.69 ± 0.28 mg%, and ATA = 2016 ± 690 U/mL. For CB and LASA, the differences between the four Dukes’ stages and controls were not statistically significant. The inter-stage differences for CB and LASA were also absent. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed the potential diagnostic value of CB, TSA, and ATA. The area under ROC, sensitivity, and specificity for these three parameters were: 0.85, 72%, 90%; 0.75, 66%, 77%; and 0.77, 63%, 84%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for the three-parameter panel CB-TSA-ATA were equal to 88.2% and 100%, respectively.
CONCLUSION The increased value of CB, TSA, and ATA parameters are associated with tumor biology, invasion, and metastasis of colorectal cancer. The presented evidence suggests the potential value of the CB-TSA-ATA biochemical marker panel in early diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Sebzda
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-368, Poland
| | - Jan Gnus
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-355, Poland
| | - Barbara Dziadkowiec
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-368, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Latka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Jakub Gburek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-556, Poland
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Wiebel M, Kailayangiri S, Altvater B, Meltzer J, Grobe K, Kupich S, Rossig C. Surface expression of the immunotherapeutic target G D2 in osteosarcoma depends on cell confluency. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1394. [PMID: 33811471 PMCID: PMC8551999 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy of pediatric sarcomas is challenged by the paucity of targetable cell surface antigens. A candidate target in osteosarcoma (OS) is the ganglioside GD2 , but heterogeneous expression of GD2 limits its value. AIM We aimed to identify mechanisms that upregulate GD2 target expression in OS. METHODS AND RESULTS GD2 surface expression in OS cells, studied by flow cytometry, was found to vary both among and within individual OS cell lines. Pharmacological approaches, including inhibition of the histone methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) and modulation of the protein kinase C, failed to increase GD2 expression. Instead, cell confluency was found to be associated with higher GD2 expression levels both in monolayer cultures and in tumor spheroids. The sensitivity of OS cells to targeting by GD2 -specific CAR T cells was compared in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. Higher cell confluencies enhanced the sensitivity of OS cells to GD2 -antigen specific, CAR T-cell-mediated in vitro cytolysis. Mechanistic studies revealed that confluency-dependent upregulation of GD2 expression in OS cells is mediated by increased de novo biosynthesis, through a yet unknown mechanism. CONCLUSION Expression of GD2 in OS cell lines is highly variable and associated with increasing cell confluency in vitro. Strategies for selective upregulation of GD2 are needed to enable effective therapeutic targeting of this antigen in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Wiebel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyUniversity Children's Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Sareetha Kailayangiri
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyUniversity Children's Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Bianca Altvater
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyUniversity Children's Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Jutta Meltzer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyUniversity Children's Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Kay Grobe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and PathobiochemistryUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Sabine Kupich
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and PathobiochemistryUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyUniversity Children's Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
- Cells‐in‐Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 ‐ CiM)University of MuensterMuensterGermany
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24
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Abstract
Introduction: Targeting immune checkpoints with antibodies has significantly improved the outcome of cancer patients, but only few patients have long-term benefits from currently used PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors. New approaches are needed to increase the number of patients going into long-term remission after cancer immunotherapy. Glyco-immune checkpoints are new targets for cancer immunotherapy. They are defined as immune-modulatory pathways including interactions of glycans with glycan-binding proteins or lectins. The most prominent pathway is the sialoglycan-Siglec axis and inhibitors of this axis are already successfully tested in early clinical trials.Area covered: Here, we summarize the current knowledge on glyco-immune checkpoints with a focus on the sialoglycan-Siglec axis. We also provide an overview on current approaches to clinically target glyco-immune checkpoints and give an outlook for the further clinical development of glyco-immune checkpoint targeting agents.Expert opinion: Glyco-immune checkpoints are interesting new targets to improve cancer immunotherapy. Antibodies targeting the sialoglycan-Siglec axis are already in clinical development. Other approaches with higher risk of toxicity including tumor-targeted sialidases are in late stage pre-clinical development. Despite the challenges, targeting of glyco-immune checkpoints could lead to the development of a new class of drugs providing improved anti-cancer immunity and eventually benefit cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Manni
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, and Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, and Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Redox dual-responsive dendrimeric nanoparticles for mutually synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy to overcome drug resistance. J Control Release 2020; 329:1210-1221. [PMID: 33122002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Combination therapy has exhibited crucial potential in the treatment of cancers, especially in drug-resistant cancers. In this work, a novel tumor-targeted, redox dual-responsive and paclitaxel (PTX) loaded nanoparticle based on multifunctional dendrimer and lentinan was developed for combinational chemo-photodynamic therapy of PTX-resistant cancers. The nanoparticles exhibited enhanced cellular uptake and tumor penetration based on phenylboronic acid-sialic acid interactions, and had the ability to control drug release in response to intracellular high concentration of glutathione and H2O2. Specifically, light irradiation not only triggered the photodynamic effect of the nanoparticles for prominent photodynamic cytotoxicity, but also resulted in increased internalization and accelerated release of PTX into cytoplasm through the lysosome disruption, as well as the obvious damage to microtubules and actin microfilaments, for drug resistance reversal of A549/T cells. Meanwhile, PTX treatment would arrest cells in G2/M phase, thereby prolonging the period when nuclear membrane is broken down, which further facilitated photosensitizer accumulation in nuclei and improved DNA damage response. Consequently, the combination of PTX and photodynamic treatment lead to excellent antitumor effects to drug-resistant A549/T cells in vitro and in vivo, which provides a new strategy for the design of co-delivery system to overcome drug resistance.
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26
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Prognostic Significance of Tumor Tissue NeuGcGM3 Ganglioside Expression in Patients Receiving Racotumomab Immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:1360431. [PMID: 32670370 PMCID: PMC7341415 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1360431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Expression of N-glycolyl GM3 (NeuGcGM3) ganglioside was detected in the tumor specimens of patients who were on Racotumomab anti-idiotype vaccine maintenance treatment, and prognostic significance as a biomarker was investigated. No statistically significant association was observed in the multivariate analysis between overall survival and tissue NeuGcGM3 IHC levels. Although numerically there was a difference favoring less intense IHC for better prognosis, this did not reach statistical power. However, there was a strong correlation between Racotumomab doses and overall survival (OS). Mean OS of the patient with more than 10 Racotumomab application was significantly longer than the patient who had less than 10 injections (70.7 months vs. 31.1 months, p < 0.001). We propose that, regardless of staining intensity, the presence of NeuGcGM3 in patient tissues might be an indicator of benefit in Racotumomab treatment.
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27
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van de Wall S, Santegoets KC, van Houtum EJ, Büll C, Adema GJ. Sialoglycans and Siglecs Can Shape the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:274-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Komaromy A, Reider B, Jarvas G, Guttman A. Glycoprotein biomarkers and analysis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer with special focus on serum immunoglobulin G. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:204-213. [PMID: 32243984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are two major diseases of the lung with high rate of mortality, mostly among tobacco smokers. The glycosylation patterns of various plasma proteins show significant changes in COPD and subsequent hypoxia, inflammation and lung cancer, providing promising opportunities for screening aberrant glycan structures contribute to early detection of both diseases. Glycoproteins associated with COPD and lung cancer consist of highly sialylated N-glycans, which play an important role in inflammation whereby hypoxia leads to accumulation of sialyl Lewis A and X glycans. Although COPD is an inflammatory disease, it is an independent risk factor for lung cancer. Marked decrease in galactosylation of plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) together with increased presence of sialic acids and more complex highly branched N-glycan structures are characteristic for COPD and lung cancer. Numerous glycan biomarkers have been discovered, and analysis of glycovariants associated with COPD and lung cancer has been carried out. In this paper we review fundamental glycosylation changes in COPD and lung cancer glycoproteins, focusing on IgG to provide an opportunity to distinguish between the two diseases at the glycoprotein level with diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Komaromy
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, Veszprem 8200, Hungary
| | - Balazs Reider
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, Veszprem 8200, Hungary
| | - Gabor Jarvas
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, Veszprem 8200, Hungary; Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Krt, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
| | - Andras Guttman
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, Veszprem 8200, Hungary; Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Krt, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
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29
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Sousa YR, Medeiros LB, Pintado MME, Queiroga RC. Goat milk oligosaccharides: Composition, analytical methods and bioactive and nutritional properties. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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30
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Dorvignit D, Boligan KF, Relova-Hernández E, Clavell M, López A, Labrada M, Simon HU, López-Requena A, Mesa C, von Gunten S. Antitumor effects of the GM3(Neu5Gc) ganglioside-specific humanized antibody 14F7hT against Cmah-transfected cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9921. [PMID: 31289278 PMCID: PMC6616363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The GM3(Neu5Gc) ganglioside represents a tumor-specific antigen that is considered a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. We previously demonstrated that the humanized antibody 14F7hT, specific for this ganglioside, exhibited significant antitumor effects in preclinical hematological tumor models. As this antibody recognizes human tumor tissues from several origins, we addressed its potential effect on different tumor types. The use of cell lines for testing GM3(Neu5Gc)-targeting strategies, in particular for human malignancies, is complicated by the absence in humans of functional cytidine monophospho-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH), the enzyme required for Neu5Gc sialic acid biosynthesis. Quantitative flow cytometry revealed the absence of surface GM3(Neu5Gc) in several human but also mouse cell lines, in the last case due to low expression of the enzyme. Hypoxia-induced expression of this ganglioside on human SKOV3 cells was observed upon culture in Neu5Gc-containing medium without evidence for CMAH-independent biosynthesis. However, only transfection of the mouse Cmah gene into human SKOV3 and mouse 3LL cells induced a stable expression of GM3(Neu5Gc) on the cancer cell surface, resulting in effective models to evaluate the antitumor responses by 14F7hT in vitro and in vivo. This antibody exerted antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and in vivo antitumor effects on these Cmah-transfected non-hematological tumors from both mouse and human origin. These results contribute to validate GM3(Neu5Gc) as a relevant target for cancer immunotherapy and reinforces the value of 14F7hT as a novel anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Dorvignit
- Immunobiology Division, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, 11600, Cuba
| | - Kayluz F Boligan
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | | | - Marilyn Clavell
- Immunobiology Division, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, 11600, Cuba
| | - Armando López
- Animal House Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, 11600, Cuba
| | - Mayrel Labrada
- Immunobiology Division, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, 11600, Cuba
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro López-Requena
- Immunobiology Division, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, 11600, Cuba.,Ablynx, Technologiepark 21, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Circe Mesa
- Immunobiology Division, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, 11600, Cuba.
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31
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Kellokumpu S. Golgi pH, Ion and Redox Homeostasis: How Much Do They Really Matter? Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:93. [PMID: 31263697 PMCID: PMC6584808 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exocytic and endocytic compartments each have their own unique luminal ion and pH environment that is important for their normal functioning. A failure to maintain this environment - the loss of homeostasis - is not uncommon. In the worst case, all the main Golgi functions, including glycosylation, membrane trafficking and protein sorting, can be perturbed. Several factors contribute to Golgi homeostasis. These include not only ions such as H+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, but also Golgi redox state and nitric oxide (NO) levels, both of which are dependent on the oxygen levels in the cells. Changes to any one of these factors have consequences on Golgi functions, the nature of which can be dissimilar or similar depending upon the defects themselves. For example, altered Golgi pH homeostasis gives rise to Cutis laxa disease, in which glycosylation and membrane trafficking are both affected, while altered Ca2+ homeostasis due to the mutated SCPA1 gene in Hailey-Hailey disease, perturbs various protein sorting, proteolytic cleavage and membrane trafficking events in the Golgi. This review gives an overview of the molecular machineries involved in the maintenance of Golgi ion, pH and redox homeostasis, followed by a discussion of the organelle dysfunction and disease that frequently result from their breakdown. Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are discussed only when they contribute directly to Golgi pH, ion or redox homeostasis. Current evidence emphasizes that, rather than being mere supporting factors, Golgi pH, ion and redox homeostasis are in fact key players that orchestrate and maintain all Golgi functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakari Kellokumpu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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32
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Pilco-Janeta D, De la Cruz Puebla M, Soriano J, Osorio M, Caballero I, Pérez AC, Savon L, Cremades N, Blanco R, Carr A. Aberrant expression of N-glycolyl GM3 ganglioside is associated with the aggressive biological behavior of human sarcomas. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:556. [PMID: 31182063 PMCID: PMC6558727 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aberrant expression of N-glycolyl GM3 ganglioside (NeuGcGM3) in patients with sarcomas was reevaluated by assessing the relation of this molecule with some clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS) of patients. METHODS Fifty formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens from patients diagnosed with sarcomas were included. For the evaluation of NeuGcGM3, the 14F7 monoclonal antibody followed by a peroxidase avidin-biotin system was used. Clinicopathological features were obtained from patient records. Survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. For multivariate analyses, the Cox regression model was used to identify independent prognostic factors for OS. RESULTS The majority of samples had high levels of NeuGcGM3 expression (66.0%) that showed statistical correlation with age (p = 0.014), TNM stage (p = 0.022), histological grade (p = 0.013) and proliferation rates (p = 0.012). In addition, a tendency for association with tumor depth (p = 0.070) was evidenced. In univariate survival analysis, TNM stage (p = 0.000), occurrence of metastasis (p = 0.000) and expression of NeuGcGM3 (p = 0.034) were significant prognostic factors for OS, while a tendency for association was evidenced for histological grade (p = 0.091). Among these variables, only the presence of metastasis (p = 0.001) was an independent prognostic factor on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS The present research suggests the evaluation of NeuGcGM3 expression as a complementary prognostic factor in sarcoma, although our results need to be validated in a larger series and prospective studies. Moreover, our results could support the use of this molecule as a target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pilco-Janeta
- Department of Clinical Oncology, "Teodoro Maldonado Carbo" Hospital, 26 de Julio Avenue, 090203, Guayaquil, Ecuador. .,Sarcoma Translational Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, "Hermanos Ameijeiras" Clinical and Surgical Hospital, San Lázaro Street N° 701 and Belascoaín, 10400, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Myriam De la Cruz Puebla
- Atlantic Fellows for Equity in Brain Health, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jorge Soriano
- Department of Clinical Oncology, "Hermanos Ameijeiras" Clinical and Surgical Hospital, San Lázaro Street N° 701 and Belascoaín, 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Marta Osorio
- Clinical Trials Unit, National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology, 29 and F Street Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Iraida Caballero
- Department of Clinical Oncology, "Hermanos Ameijeiras" Clinical and Surgical Hospital, San Lázaro Street N° 701 and Belascoaín, 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Adanays Calvo Pérez
- Department of Cell Biology and Tissues Banking, National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology, 29 and F Street Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Laynes Savon
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, "Hermanos Ameijeiras" Clinical and Surgical Hospital, San Lázaro Street N° 701 and Belascoaín, 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Natalia Cremades
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, "Teodoro Maldonado Carbo" Hospital, 26 de Julio Avenue, 090203, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Rancés Blanco
- Laboratory of Recognition and Biological Activity Assays, 216 Street and 15 Avenue, Atabey, Playa, P.O. Box 16040, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Adriana Carr
- Research and Development Direction, 216 Street and 15 Avenue, Atabey, Playa, P.O. Box 16040, 11600, Havana, Cuba
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Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Has Evolved Preferential Use of N-Acetylneuraminic Acid as a Host Adaptation. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.00422-19. [PMID: 31064827 PMCID: PMC6509186 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00422-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-adapted bacterial pathogens such as NTHi cannot survive out of their host environment and have evolved host-specific mechanisms to obtain nutrients and evade the immune response. Relatively few of these host adaptations have been characterized at the molecular level. NTHi utilizes sialic acid as a nutrient and also incorporates this sugar into LOS, which is important in biofilm formation and immune evasion. In the present study, we showed that NTHi has evolved to preferentially utilize the Neu5Ac form of sialic acid. This adaptation is due to the substrate preference of the enzyme CMP-Neu5Ac synthetase, which synthesizes the activated form of Neu5Ac for macromolecule biosynthesis. This adaptation allows NTHi to evade killing by a human antibody response against the nonhuman sialic acid Neu5Gc. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that is adapted exclusively to human hosts. NTHi utilizes sialic acid from the host as a carbon source and as a terminal sugar on the outer membrane glycolipid lipooligosaccharide (LOS). Sialic acid expressed on LOS is critical in NTHi biofilm formation and immune evasion. There are two major forms of sialic acids in most mammals, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), the latter of which is derived from Neu5Ac. Humans lack the enzyme to convert Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc and do not express Neu5Gc in normal tissues; instead, Neu5Gc is recognized as a foreign antigen. A recent study showed that dietary Neu5Gc can be acquired by NTHi colonizing humans and then presented on LOS, which acts as an antigen for the initial induction of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies. Here we examined Neu5Gc uptake and presentation on NTHi LOS. We show that, although Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac are utilized equally well as sole carbon sources, Neu5Gc is not incorporated efficiently into LOS. When equal amounts of Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac are provided in culture media, there is ∼4-fold more Neu5Ac incorporated into LOS, suggesting a bias in a step of the LOS biosynthetic pathway. CMP-Neu5Ac synthetase (SiaB) was shown to have ∼4,000-fold-higher catalytic efficiency for Neu5Ac than for Neu5Gc. These data suggest that NTHi has adapted preferential utilization of Neu5Ac, thus avoiding presentation of the nonhuman Neu5Gc in the bacterial cell surface. The selective pressure for this adaptation may represent the human antibody response to the Neu5Gc xenoantigen.
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34
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Dhar C, Sasmal A, Varki A. From "Serum Sickness" to "Xenosialitis": Past, Present, and Future Significance of the Non-human Sialic Acid Neu5Gc. Front Immunol 2019; 10:807. [PMID: 31057542 PMCID: PMC6481270 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The description of "serum sickness" more than a century ago in humans transfused with animal sera eventually led to identification of a class of human antibodies directed against glycans terminating in the common mammalian sialic acid N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), hereafter called "Neu5Gc-glycans." The detection of such glycans in malignant and fetal human tissues initially raised the possibility that it was an oncofetal antigen. However, "serum sickness" antibodies were also noted in various human disease states. These findings spurred further research on Neu5Gc, and the discovery that it is not synthesized in the human body due to a human-lineage specific genetic mutation in the enzyme CMAH. However, with more sensitive techniques Neu5Gc-glycans were detected in smaller quantities on certain human cell types, particularly epithelia and endothelia. The likely explanation is metabolic incorporation of Neu5Gc from dietary sources, especially red meat of mammalian origin. This incorporated Neu5Gc on glycans appears to be the first example of a "xeno-autoantigen," against which varying levels of "xeno-autoantibodies" are present in all humans. The resulting chronic inflammation or "xenosialitis" may have important implications in human health and disease, especially in conditions known to be aggravated by consumption of red meat. In this review, we will cover the early history of the discovery of "serum sickness" antibodies, the subsequent recognition that they were partly directed against Neu5Gc-glycans, the discovery of the genetic defect eliminating Neu5Gc production in humans, and the later recognition that this was not an oncofetal antigen but the first example of a "xeno-autoantigen." Further, we will present comments about implications for disease risks associated with red meat consumption such as cancer and atherosclerosis. We will also mention the potential utility of these anti-Neu5Gc-glycan antibodies in cancer immunotherapy and provide some suggestions and perspectives for the future. Other reviews in this special issue cover many other aspects of this unusual pathological process, for which there appears to be no other described precedent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Dhar
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Aniruddha Sasmal
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ajit Varki
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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35
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Reuven EM, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Yu H, Duchi R, Perota A, Conchon S, Bachar Abramovitch S, Soulillou JP, Galli C, Chen X, Padler-Karavani V. Biomimetic Glyconanoparticle Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2936-2947. [PMID: 30840433 PMCID: PMC6756924 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy aims to harness the immune system to combat malignant processes. Transformed cells harbor diverse modifications that lead to formation of neoantigens, including aberrantly expressed cell surface carbohydrates. Targeting tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) hold great potential for cancer immunotherapy. N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is a dietary non-human immunogenic carbohydrate that accumulates on human cancer cells, thereby generating neoantigens. In mice, passive immunotherapy with anti-Neu5Gc antibodies inhibits growth of Neu5Gc-positive tumors. Here, we designed an active cancer vaccine immunotherapy strategy to target Neu5Gc-positive tumors. We generated biomimetic glyconanoparticles using engineered αGal knockout porcine red blood cells to form nanoghosts (NGs) that either express (NGpos) or lack expression (NGneg) of Neu5Gc-glycoconjugates in their natural context. We demonstrated that optimized immunization of "human-like" Neu5Gc-deficient Cmah-/- mice with NGpos glyconanoparticles induce a strong, diverse and persistent anti-Neu5Gc IgG immune response. The resulting anti-Neu5Gc IgG antibodies were also detected within Neu5Gc-positive tumors and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Using detailed glycan microarray analysis, we further demonstrate that the kinetics and quality of the immune responses influence the efficacy of the vaccine. These findings reinforce the potential of TACA neoantigens and the dietary non-human sialic acid Neu5Gc, in particular, as immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliran Moshe Reuven
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | | | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roberto Duchi
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Andrea Perota
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Sophie Conchon
- Institut de Transplantation–Urologie–Néphrologie, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes 44000, France
| | | | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Institut de Transplantation–Urologie–Néphrologie, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Cesare Galli
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, 26100 Cremona, Italy
- FondazioneAvantea Cremona, Italy
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Corresponding Author: Department of Cell Research & Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel. Tel: +972-3-640-6737. Fax: +972-3-642-2046.
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36
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Albertó M, Cuello HA, Gulino CA, Pifano M, Belgorosky D, Gabri MR, Eiján AM, Segatori VI. Expression of bladder cancer-associated glycans in murine tumor cell lines. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3141-3150. [PMID: 30867744 PMCID: PMC6396118 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of murine cell lines is of great importance in order to identify preclinical models that could resemble human diseases. Aberrant glycosylation includes the loss, excessive or novel expression of glycans and the appearance of truncated structures. MB49 and MB49-I are currently the only two murine cell lines available for the development of preclinical bladder cancer models. The glycans Lewis X (LeX), Sialyl lewis X (SLeX) and Sialyl Tn (STn) have previously been associated with aggressiveness, dissemination and poor prognosis in human bladder cancer, additionally N-glycolyl GM3 (NGcGM3) is a neo-antigen expressed in many types of tumors; however, to the best of our knowledge, its expression has not previously been assessed in this type of cancer. Taking into account the relevance of glycans in tumor biology and considering that they can act as targets of therapies and biomarkers, the present study evaluated the expression of LeX, SLeX, STn and NGcGM3 in MB49 and MB49-I cells, in different growth conditions such as monolayer cultures, three-dimensional multicellular spheroids and mouse heterotopic and orthotopic tumors. The expression of LeX was not detected in either cell line, whereas SLeX was expressed in monolayers, spheroids and orthotopic tumors of both cell lines. STn was only identified in MB49 monolayers and spheroids. There are no reports concerning the expression of NGcGM3 in human or murine bladder cancer. In our hands, MB49 and MB49-I expressed this ganglioside in all the growth conditions evaluated. The assessment of its expression in cancer cell lines and patient tumors is of great importance, considering the relevance of this ganglioside in tumor biology. The data obtained by the present study demonstrates that glycan expression may be substantially altered depending on the growth conditions, highlighting the importance of the characterization of murine cancer models. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to examine the expression of cancer-associated glycans, in the two murine cell lines available for the development of preclinical studies in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Albertó
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Hector Adrián Cuello
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina
| | | | - Marina Pifano
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Denise Belgorosky
- Research Area, Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1417 DTB, Argentina
| | - Mariano Rolando Gabri
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Ana María Eiján
- Research Area, Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1417 DTB, Argentina
| | - Valeria Inés Segatori
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina
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37
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Kokkonen N, Khosrowabadi E, Hassinen A, Harrus D, Glumoff T, Kietzmann T, Kellokumpu S. Abnormal Golgi pH Homeostasis in Cancer Cells Impairs Apical Targeting of Carcinoembryonic Antigen by Inhibiting Its Glycosyl-Phosphatidylinositol Anchor-Mediated Association with Lipid Rafts. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:5-21. [PMID: 29304557 PMCID: PMC6276271 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM5, CEA) is a known tumor marker for colorectal cancer that localizes in a polarized manner to the apical surface in normal colon epithelial cells whereas in cancer cells it is present at both the apical and basolateral surfaces of the cells. Since the Golgi apparatus sorts and transports most proteins to these cell surface domains, we set out here to investigate whether any of the factors commonly associated with tumorigenesis, including hypoxia, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), altered redox homeostasis, or an altered Golgi pH, are responsible for mistargeting of CEA to the basolateral surface in cancer cells. RESULTS Using polarized nontumorigenic Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and CaCo-2 colorectal cancer cells as targets, we show that apical delivery of CEA is not affected by hypoxia, ROS, nor changes in the Golgi redox state. Instead, we find that an elevated Golgi pH induces basolateral targeting of CEA and increases its TX-100 solubility, indicating impaired association of CEA with lipid rafts. Moreover, disruption of lipid rafts by methyl-β-cyclodextrin induced accumulation of the CEA protein at the basolateral surface in MDCK cells. Experiments with the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchorless CEA mutant and CEA-specific GPI-anchored enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP-GPI) fusion protein revealed that the GPI-anchor was critical for the pH-dependent apical delivery of the CEA in MDCK cells. Innovation and Conclusion: The findings indicate that an abnormal Golgi pH homeostasis in cancer cells is an important factor that causes mistargeting of CEA to the basolateral surface of cancer cells via inhibiting its GPI-anchor-mediated association with lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kokkonen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elham Khosrowabadi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Hassinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Deborah Harrus
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo Glumoff
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Sakari Kellokumpu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5400, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
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38
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Yang J, Zhang J, Liu Y, Shi Z, Han H, Li Q. Phenylboronic acid-modified polyamidoamine-mediated delivery of short GC rich DNA for hepatocarcinoma gene therapy. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:3348-3358. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00394k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phenylboronic acid was introduced on the surface of polyamidoamine to construct a derivative PP, which was further used as a tumor-targeting carrier for realizing the delivery of short GC rich DNA (GCD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiebing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Jiayuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Zhiyuan Shi
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Haobo Han
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Quanshun Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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39
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Rossig C, Kailayangiri S, Jamitzky S, Altvater B. Carbohydrate Targets for CAR T Cells in Solid Childhood Cancers. Front Oncol 2018; 8:513. [PMID: 30483473 PMCID: PMC6240699 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of the CAR targeting strategy in solid tumors is challenged by the need for adequate target antigens. As a consequence of their tissue origin, embryonal cancers can aberrantly express membrane-anchored gangliosides. These are carbohydrate molecules consisting of a glycosphingolipid linked to sialic acids residues. The best-known example is the abundant expression of ganglioside GD2 on the cell surface of neuroblastomas which derive from GD2-positive neuroectoderm. Gangliosides are involved in various cellular functions, including signal transduction, cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion and cell death. In addition, transformation of human cells to cancer cells can be associated with distinct glycosylation profiles which provide advantages for tumor growth and dissemination and can serve as immune targets. Both gangliosides and aberrant glycosylation of proteins escape the direct molecular and proteomic screening strategies currently applied to identify further immune targets in cancers. Due to their highly restricted expression and their functional roles in the malignant behavior, they are attractive targets for immune engineering strategies. GD2-redirected CAR T cells have shown activity in clinical phase I/II trials in neuroblastoma and next-generation studies are ongoing. Further carbohydrate targets for CAR T cells in preclinical development are O-acetyl-GD2, NeuGc-GM3 (N-glycolyl GM3), GD3, SSEA-4, and oncofetal glycosylation variants. This review summarizes knowledge on the role and function of some membrane-expressed non-protein antigens, including gangliosides and abnormal protein glycosylation patterns, and discusses their potential to serve as a CAR targets in pediatric solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sareetha Kailayangiri
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Silke Jamitzky
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Bianca Altvater
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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40
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Yu Y, Blokhuis BRJ, Diks MAP, Keshavarzian A, Garssen J, Redegeld FA. Functional Inhibitory Siglec-6 Is Upregulated in Human Colorectal Cancer-Associated Mast Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2138. [PMID: 30294327 PMCID: PMC6159741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) accumulate in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the relationship between MC density and cancer progression has been well recognized. MC can be either pro-tumor or anti-tumor players, depending on the local factors present in the tumor microenvironment. Upon malignant transformation, cancer cells express high levels of sialic acids on cell membrane or by secretion. Siglecs are a family of immunoglobulin-like receptors that bind sialic acids and each subtype has a distinct pattern of expression on immune cells. Among them, Siglec-6 is expressed predominately by MC. However, the function of Siglec-6 in MC is largely unexplored and whether it is expressed by CRC-associated MC remains unknown. In this study, we explored the function of Siglec-6 in CD34+ derived human MC. MC activation was initiated by IgE crosslinking with or without preincubation of anti-Siglec-6 Ab. Siglec-6 engagement significantly attenuated IgE-dependent MC degranulation as measured by ß-hexosaminidase release and CD63 expression. Interestingly, the production of GM-CSF was also shown reduced upon Siglec-6 engagement. To mimic the milieu of CRC, we cultured primary human MC with colon cancer cells or under hypoxia and Siglec-6 was then measured on these conditioned MC. Coculture with colon cancer cells (HT29 and Caco2) induced upregulation of Siglec-6 on MC. In comparison, normal colon cells (CCD841) had no effect. Also, a time-dependent increase of Siglec-6 by MC was observed under 1% O2. Immunohistochemistry of CRC tissue showed expression of Siglec-6 by MC in submucosa. Lectin immunochemistry revealed the presence of actual ligands for Siglec-6 in human CRC tissues. Together, our findings illustrate that Siglec-6 is a functionally inhibitory receptor on MC and suggest that Siglec-6 expression may be relevant for MC activity in the tumor microenvironment of CRC.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD34/immunology
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Biopsy
- Caco-2 Cells
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Coculture Techniques
- Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- HT29 Cells
- Humans
- Lectins/immunology
- Lectins/metabolism
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Mast Cells/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Yu
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bart R. J. Blokhuis
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mara A. P. Diks
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frank A. Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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41
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Segatori VI, Cuello HA, Gulino CA, Albertó M, Venier C, Guthmann MD, Demarco IA, Alonso DF, Gabri MR. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity induced by active immunotherapy based on racotumomab in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1285-1296. [PMID: 29936534 PMCID: PMC11028311 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antitumor strategies based on positive modulation of the immune system currently represent therapeutic options with prominent acceptance for cancer patients' treatment due to its selectivity and higher tolerance compared to chemotherapy. Racotumomab is an anti-idiotype (anti-Id) monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed to NeuGc-containing gangliosides such as NeuGcGM3, a widely reported tumor-specific neoantigen in many human cancers. Racotumomab has been approved in Latin American countries as an active immunotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. In this work, we evaluated the induction of Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in NSCLC patients included in a phase III clinical trial, in response to vaccination with racotumomab. The development of anti-NeuGcGM3 antibodies (Abs) in serum samples of immunized patients was first evaluated using the NeuGcGM3-expressing X63 cells, showing that racotumomab vaccination developed antigen-specific Abs that are able to recognize NeuGcGM3 expressed in tumor cell membranes. ADCC response against NeuGcGM3-expressing X63 (target) was observed in racotumomab-treated- but not in control group patients. When target cells were depleted of gangliosides by treatment with a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, we observed a significant reduction of the ADCC activity developed by sera from racotumomab-vaccinated patients, suggesting a target-specific response. Our data demonstrate that anti-NeuGcGM3 Abs induced by racotumomab vaccination are able to mediate an antigen-specific ADCC response against tumor cells in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria I Segatori
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Héctor A Cuello
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Cynthia A Gulino
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Marina Albertó
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Venier
- Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), University of Buenos Aires, Avenida Córdoba 2351, Buenos Aires, C1120AAF, Argentina
| | | | | | - Daniel F Alonso
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Mariano R Gabri
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Argentina.
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42
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Bjerregaard-Andersen K, Johannesen H, Abdel-Rahman N, Heggelund JE, Hoås HM, Abraha F, Bousquet PA, Høydahl LS, Burschowsky D, Rojas G, Oscarson S, Løset GÅ, Krengel U. Crystal structure of an L chain optimised 14F7 anti-ganglioside Fv suggests a unique tumour-specificity through an unusual H-chain CDR3 architecture. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10836. [PMID: 30022069 PMCID: PMC6052152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted cancer immunotherapy offers increased efficacy concomitantly with reduced side effects. One antibody with promising clinical potential is 14F7, which specifically recognises the NeuGc GM3 ganglioside. This antigen is found in the plasma membrane of a range of tumours, but is essentially absent from healthy human cells. 14F7 can discriminate NeuGc GM3 from the very similar NeuAc GM3, a common component of cell membranes. The molecular basis for this unique specificity is poorly understood. Here we designed and expressed 14F7-derived single-chain Fvs (scFvs), which retained the specificity of the parent antibody. Detailed expression and purification protocols are described as well as the synthesis of the NeuGc GM3 trisaccharide. The most successful scFv construct, which comprises an alternative variable light chain (VLA), allowed structure determination to 2.2 Å resolution. The structure gives insights into the conformation of the important CDR H3 loop and the suspected antigen binding site. Furthermore, the presence of VLA instead of the original VL elucidates how this subdomain indirectly stabilises the CDR H3 loop. The current work may serve as a guideline for the efficient production of scFvs for structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hedda Johannesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Noha Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Julie Elisabeth Heggelund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Fana Abraha
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Paula A Bousquet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Støkken Høydahl
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Burschowsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.,Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7HB, UK
| | - Gertrudis Rojas
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Calle 216 esq 15, Atabey, Playa, La Habana, CP, 11300, Cuba
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Geir Åge Løset
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. .,Nextera AS, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ute Krengel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.
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43
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Amon R, Grant OC, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Makeneni S, Nivedha AK, Marshanski T, Norn C, Yu H, Glushka JN, Fleishman SJ, Chen X, Woods RJ, Padler-Karavani V. A combined computational-experimental approach to define the structural origin of antibody recognition of sialyl-Tn, a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10786. [PMID: 30018351 PMCID: PMC6050261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-carbohydrate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) hold great promise as cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. However, their specificity can be mixed, and detailed characterization is problematic, because antibody-glycan complexes are challenging to crystallize. Here, we developed a generalizable approach employing high-throughput techniques for characterizing the structure and specificity of such mAbs, and applied it to the mAb TKH2 developed against the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen sialyl-Tn (STn). The mAb specificity was defined by apparent KD values determined by quantitative glycan microarray screening. Key residues in the antibody combining site were identified by site-directed mutagenesis, and the glycan-antigen contact surface was defined using saturation transfer difference NMR (STD-NMR). These features were then employed as metrics for selecting the optimal 3D-model of the antibody-glycan complex, out of thousands plausible options generated by automated docking and molecular dynamics simulation. STn-specificity was further validated by computationally screening of the selected antibody 3D-model against the human sialyl-Tn-glycome. This computational-experimental approach would allow rational design of potent antibodies targeting carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Amon
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Oliver C Grant
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, 30606, GA, USA
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Spandana Makeneni
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, 30606, GA, USA
| | - Anita K Nivedha
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, 30606, GA, USA
| | - Tal Marshanski
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Christoffer Norn
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John N Glushka
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, 30606, GA, USA
| | - Sarel J Fleishman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, 30606, GA, USA.
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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44
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Immunologic Response Elicited in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving a NeuGcGM3-based Vaccine as Adjuvant Therapy. J Immunother 2018; 40:289-301. [PMID: 28604556 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the immunogenicity of a cancer vaccine consisting of the NeuGcGM3 ganglioside combined with the outer membrane protein complex of Neisseria meningitides to form very small size particles. The vaccine is administered together with Montanide ISA51, as adjuvant treatment for breast cancer patients. After surgical resection and standard first-line chemo/radiotherapy, breast cancer patients in stage II-III were enrolled in a phase III clinical trial and allocated into 2 strata, according to the number of positive lymph nodes [stratum I (0-3); stratum II (≥4)]. Subsequently, patients were randomly assigned to receive the vaccine or placebo. The treatment consisted of 5 vaccine doses (200 μg) every 2 weeks and thereafter monthly reimmunizations to complete 15 doses. The vaccine was well-tolerated and high titers of immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G anti-NeuGcGM3 antibodies were similarly detected in each stratum. Hyperimmune sera were able to specifically recognize and kill the NeuGcGM3-expressing L1210 tumor cell line, and these functional capacities were significantly associated with a better clinical outcome in patients of stratum II. Besides, postimmune sera had the capacity to revert in vitro the immunosuppression induced by NeuGcGM3, as measured by the prevention of CD4 downmodulation on human T lymphocytes. Vaccination had no impact on the frequency of regulatory T cells or circulating NK cells. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the immunogenicity of the NeuGcGM3/VSSP/Montanide ISA 51 vaccine in the adjuvant setting and describes the functionality of induced anti-NeuGcGM3 antibodies as potential surrogate biomarkers of clinical benefit.
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45
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Labrada M, Dorvignit D, Hevia G, Rodríguez-Zhurbenko N, Hernández AM, Vázquez AM, Fernández LE. GM3(Neu5Gc) ganglioside: an evolution fixed neoantigen for cancer immunotherapy. Semin Oncol 2018; 45:41-51. [PMID: 30318083 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous molecules have been considered as targets for cancer immunotherapy because of their levels of expression on tumor cells, their putative importance for tumor biology, and relative immunogenicity. In this review we focus on the ganglioside GM3(Neu5Gc), a glycosphingolipid present on the outer side of the plasma membrane of vertebrate cells. The reasons for selecting GM3(Neu5Gc) as a tumor-specific antigen and its use as a target for cancer immunotherapy are discussed, together with the development of antitumor therapies focused on this target by the Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM, Cuba).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayrel Labrada
- Immunobiology Division, Molecular Immunology Institute, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Denise Dorvignit
- Immunobiology Division, Molecular Immunology Institute, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Giselle Hevia
- Immunobiology Division, Molecular Immunology Institute, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Ana M Hernández
- Tumor Biology Division, Molecular Immunology Institute, CIM, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ana M Vázquez
- Tumor Biology Division, Molecular Immunology Institute, CIM, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Luis E Fernández
- Innovation Division, Molecular Immunology Institute, CIM, Playa, Havana, Cuba.
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46
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Abstract
Tumor-associated gangliosides play important roles in regulation of signal transduction induced by growth-factor receptors including EGFR, FGFR, HGF and PDGFR in a specific microdomain called glycosynapse in the cancer cell membranes, and in interaction with glycan recognition molecules involved in cell adhesion and immune regulation including selectins and siglecs. As the genes involved in the synthesis and degradation of tumor-associated gangliosides were identified, biological functions became clearer from the experimental results employing forced overexpression and/or knockdown/knockout of the genes. Studies on the regulatory mechanisms for their expression also achieved great advancements. Epigenetic silencing of glycan-related genes is a dominant mechanism in glycan alteration at early stages of carcinogenesis. Development of hypoxia resistance involving activation of a transcription factor HIF, and acquisition of cancer stem cell-like characteristics through epithelial-mesenchymal transition are important mechanisms for glycan modulations in the later stages of cancer progression. In the initial stages of studies, the gangliosides which specifically appear in cancers attracted attention under the name of tumor-associated gangliosides. However, it became apparent that not only the cancer-associated gangliosides but also the normal gangliosides present in nonmalignant cells and tissues perform important biological functions, and some of them tend to disappear in cancer cells resulting in the loss of the physiological functions, and this sometimes facilitates progression of cancers.
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47
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Bousquet PA, Sandvik JA, Jeppesen Edin NF, Krengel U. Hypothesis: Hypoxia induces de novo synthesis of NeuGc gangliosides in humans through CMAH domain substitute. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1562-1566. [PMID: 29196263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a growing field in cancer research. A privileged tumor-associated antigen that has received much attention is N-glycolyl (NeuGc) GM3. This ganglioside is present in several types of cancer, but is almost undetectable in human healthy tissues. However, its non-hydroxylated variant, NeuAc GM3, is abundant in all mammals. Due to a deletion in the human gene encoding the key enzyme for synthesis of NeuGc, humans, in contrast to other mammals, cannot synthesize NeuGc GM3. Therefore the presence of this ganglioside in human cancer cells represents an enigma. It has been shown that hypoxic conditions trigger the expression of NeuGc gangliosides, which not only serve as attractive targets for cancer therapy, but also as diagnostic and prognostic tumor marker. Here, we confirm hypoxia-induced expression of the NeuGc GM3 ganglioside also in HeLa cells and reveal several candidate proteins, in particular GM3 synthase and subunit B of respiratory complex II (SDHB), that may be involved in the generation of NeuGc GM3 by SILAC-based proteome analysis. These findings have the potential to significantly advance our understanding of how this enigmatic tumor-associated antigen is produced in humans, and also suggest a possible mechanism of action of anti-tumor antibodies that recognize hypoxia markers, such as 14F7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Bousquet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Joe Alexander Sandvik
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina F Jeppesen Edin
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ute Krengel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.
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Okerblom J, Varki A. Biochemical, Cellular, Physiological, and Pathological Consequences of Human Loss of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1155-1171. [PMID: 28423240 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
About 2-3 million years ago, Alu-mediated deletion of a critical exon in the CMAH gene became fixed in the hominin lineage ancestral to humans, possibly through a stepwise process of selection by pathogen targeting of the CMAH product (the sialic acid Neu5Gc), followed by reproductive isolation through female anti-Neu5Gc antibodies. Loss of CMAH has occurred independently in some other lineages, but is functionally intact in Old World primates, including our closest relatives, the chimpanzee. Although the biophysical and biochemical ramifications of losing tens of millions of Neu5Gc hydroxy groups at most cell surfaces remains poorly understood, we do know that there are multiscale effects functionally relevant to both sides of the host-pathogen interface. Hominin CMAH loss might also contribute to understanding human evolution, at the time when our ancestors were starting to use stone tools, increasing their consumption of meat, and possibly hunting. Comparisons with chimpanzees within ethical and practical limitations have revealed some consequences of human CMAH loss, but more has been learned by using a mouse model with a human-like Cmah inactivation. For example, such mice can develop antibodies against Neu5Gc that could affect inflammatory processes like cancer progression in the face of Neu5Gc metabolic incorporation from red meats, display a hyper-reactive immune system, a human-like tendency for delayed wound healing, late-onset hearing loss, insulin resistance, susceptibility to muscular dystrophy pathologies, and increased sensitivity to multiple human-adapted pathogens involving sialic acids. Further studies in such mice could provide a model for other human-specific processes and pathologies involving sialic acid biology that have yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Okerblom
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California in San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, GRTC) and, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, CARTA), Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California in San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA
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49
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Abstract
Subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) of Escherichia coli is an AB5 class bacterial toxin. The pentameric B subunit (SubB) binds the cellular carbohydrate receptor, α2–3-linked N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Neu5Gc is not expressed on normal human cells, but is expressed by cancer cells. Elevated Neu5Gc has been observed in breast, ovarian, prostate, colon and lung cancer. The presence of Neu5Gc is prognostically important, and correlates with invasiveness, metastasis and tumour grade. Neu5Gc binding by SubB suggests that it may have utility as a diagnostic tool for the detection Neu5Gc tumor antigens. Native SubB has 20-fold less binding to N-acetlylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac); over 30-fold less if the Neu5Gc linkage was changed from α2–3 to α2–6. Using molecular modeling approaches, site directed mutations were made to reduce the α2–3 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\boldsymbol{\gg }}$$\end{document}≫ α2–6-linkage preference, while maintaining or enhancing the selectivity of SubB for Neu5Gc over Neu5Ac. Surface plasmon resonance and glycan array analysis showed that the SubBΔS106/ΔT107 mutant displayed improved specificity towards Neu5Gc and bound to α2–6-linked Neu5Gc. SubBΔS106/ΔT107 could discriminate NeuGc- over Neu5Ac-glycoconjugates in ELISA. These data suggest that improved SubB mutants offer a new tool for the testing of biological samples, particularly serum and other fluids from individuals with cancer or suspected of having cancer.
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50
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Go S, Go S, Veillon L, Ciampa MG, Mauri L, Sato C, Kitajima K, Prinetti A, Sonnino S, Inokuchi JI. Altered expression of ganglioside GM3 molecular species and a potential regulatory role during myoblast differentiation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:7040-7051. [PMID: 28275055 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.771253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides (sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids) help regulate many important biological processes, including cell proliferation, signal transduction, and differentiation, via formation of functional microdomains in plasma membranes. The structural diversity of gangliosides arises from both the ceramide moiety and glycan portion. Recently, differing molecular species of a given ganglioside are suggested to have distinct biological properties and regulate specific and distinct biological events. Elucidation of the function of each molecular species is important and will provide new insights into ganglioside biology. Gangliosides are also suggested to be involved in skeletal muscle differentiation; however, the differential roles of ganglioside molecular species remain unclear. Here we describe striking changes in quantity and quality of gangliosides (particularly GM3) during differentiation of mouse C2C12 myoblast cells and key roles played by distinct GM3 molecular species at each step of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Go
- From the Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Shiori Go
- From the Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.,Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, and
| | - Lucas Veillon
- From the Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Maria Grazia Ciampa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate Milano, Italy
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, and
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, and
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate Milano, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate Milano, Italy
| | - Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- From the Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan,
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