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Lints R, Walker CA, Delfi O, Prouse M, PohLui De Silva M, Bohlander SK, Wood AC. Mutational cooperativity of RUNX1::RUNX1T1 isoform 9a and oncogenic NRAS in zebrafish myeloid leukaemia. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060523. [PMID: 39177514 PMCID: PMC11381922 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
RUNX1::RUNX1T1 (R::RT1) acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remains a clinical challenge, and further research is required to model and understand leukaemogenesis. Previous zebrafish R::RT1 models were hampered by embryonic lethality and low penetrance of the malignant phenotype. Here, we overcome this by developing an adult zebrafish model in which the human R::RT1 isoform 9a is co-expressed with the frequently co-occurring oncogenic NRASG12D mutation in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), using the Runx1+23 enhancer. Approximately 50% of F0 9a+NRASG12D transgenic zebrafish developed signs of haematological disease between 5 and 14 months, with 27% exhibiting AML-like pathology: myeloid precursor expansion, erythrocyte reduction, kidney marrow hypercellularity and the presence of blasts. Moreover, only 9a+NRASG12D transplant recipients developed leukaemia with high rates of mortality within 40 days, inferring the presence of leukaemia stem cells. These leukaemic features were rare or not observed in animals expressing either the NRAS or 9a oncogenes alone, suggesting 9a and NRAS cooperation drives leukaemogenesis. This novel adult AML zebrafish model provides a powerful new tool for investigating the basis of R::RT1 - NRAS cooperativity with the potential to uncover new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Lints
- Leukaemia and Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Christina A Walker
- Leukaemia and Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Omid Delfi
- Leukaemia and Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Prouse
- Leukaemia and Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | | | - Stefan K Bohlander
- Leukaemia and Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Wood
- Leukaemia and Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Starship Child Health, Starship Blood and Cancer Centre, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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Sun Y, Wu Y, Pang G, Huang J, Sheng M, Xie J, Chen P, Wang Y, Yin D, Zhao G, Bohlander SK, Huang J, Xu GL, Gao H, Zhou D, Shi Y. STING is crucial for the survival of RUNX1::RUNX1T1 leukemia cells. Leukemia 2024:10.1038/s41375-024-02383-8. [PMID: 39179670 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Even though acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with a RUNX1::RUNX1T1 (AE) fusion have a relatively favorable prognosis, approximately 50% relapse within 2.5 years and develop resistance to subsequent chemotherapy [1]. It is therefore imperative to identify novel therapeutic targets for AE leukemia to improve outcomes. In this study, we unveil that targeting STING effectively suppresses the growth of AE leukemia cells. Both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of STING lead to the diminish of AE leukemia cells. Importantly, in a mouse primary AE leukemia model, STING deletion significantly attenuates leukemogenesis and prolongs the animals' lifespan. Blocking the downstream inflammatory pathway of STING yields similar effects to STING inhibition in AE leukemia cells, highlighting the pivotal role of STING-dependent inflammatory responses in sustaining the survival of AE leukemia cells. Moreover, through a genome-wide CRISPR screen, we identified fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) as a non-canonical factor downstream of STING inhibition that mediates cell death. Inhibition of STING releases FADS2 activity, consequently inducing the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and triggering lipid peroxidation-associated cell death [2]. Taken together, these findings reveal a critical function of STING in the survival of AE-positive AML cells and suggest STING to be a potential therapeutic target for clinical intervention in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069) & Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yushuang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069) & Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guozheng Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069) & Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingru Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069) & Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengyao Sheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069) & Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaying Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069) & Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pingyue Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069) & Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069) & Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dongrui Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069) & Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guangjie Zhao
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200024, China
| | - Stefan K Bohlander
- Leukaemia & Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jian Huang
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Guo-Liang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069) & Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hai Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069) & Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Dan Zhou
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China.
| | - Yuheng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069) & Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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3
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Wang S, Liu Y, Zhao X, Wang X, Lou J, Jin P, Zhang Y, Yu J, Wang K. RUNX1::ETO and CBFβ::MYH11 converge on aberrant activation of BCAT1 to confer a therapeutic vulnerability in core-binding factor-acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2024; 205:552-567. [PMID: 38802066 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Effectively targeting transcription factors in therapeutic interventions remains challenging, especially in core-binding factor-acute myeloid leukaemia (CBF-AML) characterized by RUNX1::ETO and CBFβ::MYH11 fusions. However, recent studies have drawn attention towards aberrant amino acid metabolisms as actionable therapeutic targets. Here, by integrating the expression profile and genetic makeup in AML cohort, we found higher BCAT1 expression in CBF-AML patients compared with other subtypes. Metabolic profiling revealed that high BCAT1 expression led to reprogrammed branch amino acid metabolism in CBF-AML and was associated with sphingolipid pathway relating to the fitness of leukaemia cells, supported by transcriptomic profiling. Mechanistically, we demonstrated in cell lines and primary patient samples that BCAT1 was directly activated by RUNX1::ETO and CBFβ::MYH11 fusion proteins similarly in a RUNX1-dependent manner through rewiring chromatin conformation at the BCAT1 gene locus. Furthermore, BCAT1 inhibition resulted in blunted cell cycle, enhanced apoptosis and myeloid differentiation of CBF-AML cells in vitro, and alleviated leukaemia burden and prolonged survival in vivo. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of BCAT1 using the specific inhibitor Gabapentin demonstrated therapeutic effects, as evidenced by delayed leukaemia progression and improved survival in vivo. In conclusion, our study uncovers BCAT1 as a genetic vulnerability and a promising targeted therapeutic opportunity for CBF-AML.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Animals
- Core Binding Factor beta Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor beta Subunit/metabolism
- Mice
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Cell Line, Tumor
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yabin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xujie Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiacheng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kankan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Martinez TC, McNerney ME. Haploinsufficient Transcription Factors in Myeloid Neoplasms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:571-598. [PMID: 37906947 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051222-013421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Many transcription factors (TFs) function as tumor suppressor genes with heterozygous phenotypes, yet haploinsufficiency generally has an underappreciated role in neoplasia. This is no less true in myeloid cells, which are normally regulated by a delicately balanced and interconnected transcriptional network. Detailed understanding of TF dose in this circuitry sheds light on the leukemic transcriptome. In this review, we discuss the emerging features of haploinsufficient transcription factors (HITFs). We posit that: (a) monoallelic and biallelic losses can have distinct cellular outcomes; (b) the activity of a TF exists in a greater range than the traditional Mendelian genetic doses; and (c) how a TF is deleted or mutated impacts the cellular phenotype. The net effect of a HITF is a myeloid differentiation block and increased intercellular heterogeneity in the course of myeloid neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner C Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Megan E McNerney
- Department of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
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5
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Yan M, Liu M, Davis AG, Stoner SA, Zhang DE. Single-cell RNA sequencing of a new transgenic t(8;21) preleukemia mouse model reveals regulatory networks promoting leukemic transformation. Leukemia 2024; 38:31-44. [PMID: 37838757 PMCID: PMC10776403 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
T(8;21)(q22;q22), which generates the AML1-ETO fusion oncoprotein, is a common chromosomal abnormality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Despite having favorable prognosis, 40% of patients will relapse, highlighting the need for innovative models and application of the newest technologies to study t(8;21) leukemogenesis. Currently, available AML1-ETO mouse models have limited utility for studying the pre-leukemic stage because AML1-ETO produces mild hematopoietic phenotypes and no leukemic transformation. Conversely, overexpression of a truncated variant, AML1-ETO9a (AE9a), promotes fully penetrant leukemia and is too potent for studying pre-leukemic changes. To overcome these limitations, we devised a germline-transmitted Rosa26 locus AE9a knock-in mouse model that moderately overexpressed AE9a and developed leukemia with long latency and low penetrance. We observed pre-leukemic alterations in AE9a mice, including skewing of progenitors towards granulocyte/monocyte lineages and replating of stem and progenitor cells. Next, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing to identify specific cell populations that contribute to these pre-leukemic phenotypes. We discovered a subset of common myeloid progenitors that have heightened granulocyte/monocyte bias in AE9a mice. We also observed dysregulation of key hematopoietic transcription factor target gene networks, blocking cellular differentiation. Finally, we identified Sox4 activation as a potential contributor to stem cell self-renewal during the pre-leukemic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mengdan Liu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda G Davis
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samuel A Stoner
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dong-Er Zhang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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6
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Deregulated Gene Expression Profiles and Regulatory Networks in Adult and Pediatric RUNX1/RUNX1T1-Positive AML Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061795. [PMID: 36980682 PMCID: PMC10046396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous and complex disease concerning molecular aberrations and prognosis. RUNX1/RUNX1T1 is a fusion oncogene that results from the chromosomal translocation t(8;21) and plays a crucial role in AML. However, its impact on the transcriptomic profile of different age groups of AML patients is not completely understood. Here, we investigated the deregulated gene expression (DEG) profiles in adult and pediatric RUNX1/RUNX1T1-positive AML patients, and compared their functions and regulatory networks. We retrospectively analyzed gene expression data from two independent Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE37642 and GSE75461) and computed their differentially expressed genes and upstream regulators, using limma, GEO2Enrichr, and X2K. For validation purposes, we used the TCGA-LAML (adult) and TARGET-AML (pediatric) patient cohorts. We also analyzed the protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, as well as those composed of transcription factors (TF), intermediate proteins, and kinases foreseen to regulate the top deregulated genes in each group. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment analyses were further performed for the DEGs in each dataset. We found that the top upregulated genes in (both adult and pediatric) RUNX1/RUNX1T1-positive AML patients are enriched in extracellular matrix organization, the cell projection membrane, filopodium membrane, and supramolecular fiber. Our data corroborate that RUNX1/RUNX1T1 reprograms a large transcriptional network to establish and maintain leukemia via intricate PPI interactions and kinase-driven phosphorylation events.
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7
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Wang MX, Yan L, Chen J, Zhao JM, Zhu J, Yu SH. Reinforced erythroid differentiation inhibits leukemogenic potential of t(8;21) leukemia. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22562. [PMID: 36125067 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200026rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oncoprotein AML1-ETO (AE) derived from t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation is typically present in a portion of French-American-British-M2 subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although these patients have relatively favorable prognoses, substantial numbers of them would relapse after conventional therapy. Here, we explored whether reinforcing the endogenous differentiation potential of t(8;21) AML cells would diminish the associated malignancy. In doing so, we noticed an expansion of immature erythroid blasts featured in both AML1-ETO9a (AE9a) and AE plus c-KIT (N822K) (AK) murine leukemic models. Interestingly, in the AE9a murine model, a spontaneous step-wise erythroid differentiation path, as characterized by the differential expression of CD43/c-Kit and the upregulation of several key erythroid transcription factors (TFs), accompanied the decline or loss of leukemia-initiating potential. Notably, overexpression of one of the key erythroid TFs, Ldb1, potently disrupted the repopulation of AE9a leukemic cells in vivo, suggesting a new promising intervention strategy of t(8;21) AML through enforcing their erythroid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Mei Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-He Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Vervoort SJ, Devlin JR, Kwiatkowski N, Teng M, Gray NS, Johnstone RW. Targeting transcription cycles in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:5-24. [PMID: 34675395 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accurate control of gene expression is essential for normal development and dysregulation of transcription underpins cancer onset and progression. Similar to cell cycle regulation, RNA polymerase II-driven transcription can be considered as a unidirectional multistep cycle, with thousands of unique transcription cycles occurring in concert within each cell. Each transcription cycle comprises recruitment, initiation, pausing, elongation, termination and recycling stages that are tightly controlled by the coordinated action of transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases and their cognate cyclins as well as the opposing activity of transcriptional phosphatases. Oncogenic dysregulation of transcription can entail defective control of gene expression, either at select loci or more globally, impacting a large proportion of the genome. The resultant dependency on the core-transcriptional machinery is believed to render 'transcriptionally addicted' cancers sensitive to perturbation of transcription. Based on these findings, small molecules targeting transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases and associated proteins hold promise for the treatment of cancer. Here, we utilize the transcription cycles concept to explain how dysregulation of these finely tuned gene expression processes may drive tumorigenesis and how therapeutically beneficial responses may arise from global or selective transcriptional perturbation. This conceptual framework helps to explain tumour-selective transcriptional dependencies and facilitates the rational design of combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephin J Vervoort
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Devlin
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas Kwiatkowski
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingxing Teng
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, CHEM-H and SCI, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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9
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Barabino SML, Citterio E, Ronchi AE. Transcription Factors, R-Loops and Deubiquitinating Enzymes: Emerging Targets in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153753. [PMID: 34359655 PMCID: PMC8345071 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The advent of DNA massive sequencing technologies has allowed for the first time an extensive look into the heterogeneous spectrum of genes and mutations underpinning myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this review, we wish to explore the most recent advances and the rationale for the potential therapeutic interest of three main actors in myelo-leukemic transformation: transcription factors that govern myeloid differentiation; RNA splicing factors, which ensure proper mRNA maturation and whose mutations increase R-loops formation; and deubiquitinating enzymes, which contribute to genome stability in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Abstract Myeloid neoplasms encompass a very heterogeneous family of diseases characterized by the failure of the molecular mechanisms that ensure a balanced equilibrium between hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) self-renewal and the proper production of differentiated cells. The origin of the driver mutations leading to preleukemia can be traced back to HSC/progenitor cells. Many properties typical to normal HSCs are exploited by leukemic stem cells (LSCs) to their advantage, leading to the emergence of a clonal population that can eventually progress to leukemia with variable latency and evolution. In fact, different subclones might in turn develop from the original malignant clone through accumulation of additional mutations, increasing their competitive fitness. This process ultimately leads to a complex cancer architecture where a mosaic of cellular clones—each carrying a unique set of mutations—coexists. The repertoire of genes whose mutations contribute to the progression toward leukemogenesis is broad. It encompasses genes involved in different cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, epigenetics (DNA and histones modifications), DNA damage signaling and repair, chromosome segregation and replication (cohesin complex), RNA splicing, and signal transduction. Among these many players, transcription factors, RNA splicing proteins, and deubiquitinating enzymes are emerging as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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10
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An update on the molecular pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targeting of AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1);RUNX1-RUNX1T1. Blood Adv 2021; 4:229-238. [PMID: 31935293 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1);RUNX1-RUNX1T1, one of the core-binding factor leukemias, is one of the most common subtypes of AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities and is associated with a favorable outcome. The translocation leads to the formation of a pathological RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion that leads to the disruption of the normal function of the core-binding factor, namely, its role in hematopoietic differentiation and maturation. The consequences of this alteration include the recruitment of repressors of transcription, thus blocking the expression of genes involved in hematopoiesis, and impaired apoptosis. A number of concurrent and cooperating mutations clearly play a role in modulating the proliferative potential of cells, including mutations in KIT, FLT3, and possibly JAK2. RUNX1-RUNX1T1 also appears to interact with microRNAs during leukemogenesis. Epigenetic factors also play a role, especially with the recruitment of histone deacetylases. A better understanding of the concurrent mutations, activated pathways, and epigenetic modulation of the cellular processes paves the way for exploring a number of approaches to achieve cure. Potential approaches include the development of small molecules targeting the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 protein, the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as dasatinib and FLT3 inhibitors to target mutations that lead to a proliferative advantage of the leukemic cells, and experimentation with epigenetic therapies. In this review, we unravel some of the recently described molecular pathways and explore potential therapeutic strategies.
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11
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Schoenherr C, Wohlan K, Dallmann I, Pich A, Hegermann J, Ganser A, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Heidenreich O, Scherr M, Eder M. Stable depletion of RUNX1-ETO in Kasumi-1 cells induces expression and enhanced proteolytic activity of Cathepsin G and Neutrophil Elastase. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225977. [PMID: 31826021 PMCID: PMC6905530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic fusion protein RUNX1-ETO is a product of the t(8;21) translocation and consists of the hematopoietic transcriptional master regulator RUNX1 and the repressor ETO. RUNX1-ETO is found in 10–15% of acute myeloid leukemia and interferes with the expression of genes that are essential for myeloid differentiation. The neutrophil serine protease Cathepsin G is one of the genes suppressed by RUNX1-ETO, but little is known about its impact on the regulation of other lysosomal proteases. By lentiviral transduction of the t(8;21) positive cell line Kasumi-1 with an RUNX1-ETO specific shRNA, we analyzed long-term effects of stable RUNX1-ETO silencing on cellular phenotypes and target gene expression. Stable anti RUNX1-ETO RNAi reduces both proliferation and apoptosis in Kasumi-1 cells. In addition, long-term knockdown of RUNX1-ETO leads to an upregulation of proteolytic activity in Kasumi-1 cells, which may be released in vitro upon cell lysis leading to massive degradation of cellular proteins. We therefore propose that protein expression data of RUNX1-ETO-silenced Kasumi-1 cells must be analyzed with caution, as cell lysis conditions can heavily influence the results of studies on protein expression. Next, a mass spectrometry-based approach was used to identify protease cleavage patterns in RUNX1-ETO-depleted Kasumi-1 cells and Neutrophil Elastase has been identified as a RUNX1-ETO candidate target. Finally, proteolytic activity of Neutrophil Elastase and Cathepsin G was functionally confirmed by si/shRNA-mediated knockdown in Kasumi-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schoenherr
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Wohlan
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Iris Dallmann
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Pich
- Department of Toxicology, Research Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Department of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arnold Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michaela Scherr
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (MS); (ME)
| | - Matthias Eder
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (MS); (ME)
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12
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Yang X, Tan Y, Wang P, Zhang H, Zhao M, Zhao X, Wang K. PML-RARα interferes with erythropoiesis by repressing LMO2 in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6275-6284. [PMID: 30320491 PMCID: PMC6237603 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The PML‐RARα fusion gene, generated by the t(15;17) chromosome translocation, is regarded as the initiating factor of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). In addition to the well‐known effects on blocking myeloid differentiation at the promyelocytic stage, promyelocytic leukaemia‐retinoic acid receptor α (PML‐RARα) has also been reported to interfere with multiple differentiation processes, including erythroid differentiation. However, the detailed molecular mechanism by which PML‐RARα impairs erythropoiesis has not yet been fully addressed. By chromatin immunoprecipitation‐PCR assay, we found that PML‐RARα bound to the distal promoter region of LMO2 (LIM‐only protein 2), a critical erythroid‐specific transcription factor. Luciferase reporter assays and qRT‐PCR results demonstrated that PML‐RARα down‐regulated the expression of the LMO2 distal transcript through transrepressing its promoter activity. Analysis of gene expression profiling data from large cohorts of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients confirmed that LMO2 expressed at a markedly lower level in APL patients in comparison to non‐APL AML patients. Further flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that PML‐RARα inhibited erythropoietin‐induced erythroid differentiation by down‐regulating LMO2 expression. Our findings reveal a previously unidentified mechanism, by which PML‐RARα interferes with erythropoiesis through directly targeting and transrepressing LMO2 expression in the development of APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xujie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kankan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Gentner E, Vegi NM, Mulaw MA, Mandal T, Bamezai S, Claus R, Tasdogan A, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Grunenberg A, Döhner K, Döhner H, Bullinger L, Haferlach T, Buske C, Rawat VPS, Feuring-Buske M. VENTX induces expansion of primitive erythroid cells and contributes to the development of acute myeloid leukemia in mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86889-86901. [PMID: 27888632 PMCID: PMC5349961 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes are key regulators in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. The human Vent-like homeobox gene VENTX, a putative homolog of the Xenopus laevis Xvent-2 gene, was shown to be highly expressed in normal myeloid cells and in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. We now demonstrate that constitutive expression of VENTX suppresses expression of genes responsible for terminal erythroid differentiation in normal CD34+ stem and progenitor cells. Transplantation of bone marrow progenitor cells retrovirally engineered to express VENTX caused massive expansion of primitive erythroid cells and partly acute erythroleukemia in transplanted mice. The leukemogenic potential of VENTX was confirmed in the AML1-ETO transplantation model, as in contrast to AML1-ETO alone co-expression of AML1-ETO and VENTX induced acute myeloid leukemia, partly expressing erythroid markers, in all transplanted mice. VENTX was highly expressed in patients with primary human erythroleukemias and knockdown of VENTX in the erythroleukemic HEL cell line significantly blocked cell growth. In summary, these data indicate that VENTX is able to perturb erythroid differentiation and to contribute to myeloid leukemogenesis when co-expressed with appropriate AML oncogenes and point to its potential significance as a novel therapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gentner
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Naidu M Vegi
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamoghna Mandal
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Shiva Bamezai
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rainer Claus
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Alexander Grunenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Christian Buske
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Vijay P S Rawat
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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14
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Lin S, Mulloy JC, Goyama S. RUNX1-ETO Leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:151-173. [PMID: 28299657 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AML1-ETO leukemia is the most common cytogenetic subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, defined by the presence of t(8;21). Remarkable progress has been achieved in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of AML1-ETO leukemia. Proteomic surveies have shown that AML-ETO forms a stable complex with several transcription factors, including E proteins. Genome-wide transcriptome and ChIP-seq analyses have revealed the genes directly regulated by AML1-ETO, such as CEBPA. Several lines of evidence suggest that AML1-ETO suppresses endogenous DNA repair in cells to promote mutagenesis, which facilitates acquisition of cooperating secondary events. Furthermore, it has become increasingly apparent that a delicate balance of AML1-ETO and native AML1 is important to sustain the malignant cell phenotype. Translation of these findings into the clinical setting is just beginning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lin
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James C Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Abstract
RUNX1 is a member of the core-binding factor family of transcription factors and is indispensable for the establishment of definitive hematopoiesis in vertebrates. RUNX1 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in a variety of hematological malignancies. Germ line mutations in RUNX1 cause familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancies. Somatic mutations and chromosomal rearrangements involving RUNX1 are frequently observed in myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemias of myeloid and lymphoid lineages, that is, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. More recent studies suggest that the wild-type RUNX1 is required for growth and survival of certain types of leukemia cells. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current status of our understanding about the role of RUNX1 in hematological malignancies.
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16
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Kohrs N, Kolodziej S, Kuvardina ON, Herglotz J, Yillah J, Herkt S, Piechatzek A, Salinas Riester G, Lingner T, Wichmann C, Bonig H, Seifried E, Platzbecker U, Medyouf H, Grez M, Lausen J. MiR144/451 Expression Is Repressed by RUNX1 During Megakaryopoiesis and Disturbed by RUNX1/ETO. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005946. [PMID: 26990877 PMCID: PMC4798443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A network of lineage-specific transcription factors and microRNAs tightly regulates differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells along the distinct lineages. Deregulation of this regulatory network contributes to impaired lineage fidelity and leukemogenesis. We found that the hematopoietic master regulator RUNX1 controls the expression of certain microRNAs, of importance during erythroid/megakaryocytic differentiation. In particular, we show that the erythorid miR144/451 cluster is epigenetically repressed by RUNX1 during megakaryopoiesis. Furthermore, the leukemogenic RUNX1/ETO fusion protein transcriptionally represses the miR144/451 pre-microRNA. Thus RUNX1/ETO contributes to increased expression of miR451 target genes and interferes with normal gene expression during differentiation. Furthermore, we observed that inhibition of RUNX1/ETO in Kasumi1 cells and in RUNX1/ETO positive primary acute myeloid leukemia patient samples leads to up-regulation of miR144/451. RUNX1 thus emerges as a key regulator of a microRNA network, driving differentiation at the megakaryocytic/erythroid branching point. The network is disturbed by the leukemogenic RUNX1/ETO fusion product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kohrs
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephan Kolodziej
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Olga N. Kuvardina
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julia Herglotz
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Yillah
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Herkt
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexander Piechatzek
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Lingner
- Medical-University Goettingen, Transcriptome Analysis Laboratory, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christian Wichmann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Erhard Seifried
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Department of Hematology, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hind Medyouf
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Manuel Grez
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jörn Lausen
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
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17
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DeVilbiss AW, Tanimura N, McIver SC, Katsumura KR, Johnson KD, Bresnick EH. Navigating Transcriptional Coregulator Ensembles to Establish Genetic Networks: A GATA Factor Perspective. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 118:205-44. [PMID: 27137658 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Complex developmental programs require orchestration of intrinsic and extrinsic signals to control cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Master regulatory transcription factors are vital components of the machinery that transduce these stimuli into cellular responses. This is exemplified by the GATA family of transcription factors that establish cell type-specific genetic networks and control the development and homeostasis of systems including blood, vascular, adipose, and cardiac. Dysregulated GATA factor activity/expression underlies anemia, immunodeficiency, myelodysplastic syndrome, and leukemia. Parameters governing the capacity of a GATA factor expressed in multiple cell types to generate cell type-specific transcriptomes include selective coregulator usage and target gene-specific chromatin states. As knowledge of GATA-1 mechanisms in erythroid cells constitutes a solid foundation, we will focus predominantly on GATA-1, while highlighting principles that can be extrapolated to other master regulators. GATA-1 interacts with ubiquitous and lineage-restricted transcription factors, chromatin modifying/remodeling enzymes, and other coregulators to activate or repress transcription and to maintain preexisting transcriptional states. Major unresolved issues include: how does a GATA factor selectively utilize diverse coregulators; do distinct epigenetic landscapes and nuclear microenvironments of target genes dictate coregulator requirements; and do gene cohorts controlled by a common coregulator ensemble function in common pathways. This review will consider these issues in the context of GATA factor-regulated hematopoiesis and from a broader perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W DeVilbiss
- UW-Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Madison, WI, United States
| | - N Tanimura
- UW-Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Madison, WI, United States
| | - S C McIver
- UW-Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Madison, WI, United States
| | - K R Katsumura
- UW-Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Madison, WI, United States
| | - K D Johnson
- UW-Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Madison, WI, United States
| | - E H Bresnick
- UW-Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Madison, WI, United States.
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18
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Zheng WW, Dong XM, Yin RH, Xu FF, Ning HM, Zhang MJ, Xu CW, Yang Y, Ding YL, Wang ZD, Zhao WB, Tang LJ, Chen H, Wang XH, Zhan YQ, Yu M, Ge CH, Li CY, Yang XM. EDAG positively regulates erythroid differentiation and modifies GATA1 acetylation through recruiting p300. Stem Cells 2015; 32:2278-89. [PMID: 24740910 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Erythroid differentiation-associated gene (EDAG) has been considered to be a transcriptional regulator that controls hematopoietic cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The role of EDAG in erythroid differentiation of primary erythroid progenitor cells and in vivo remains unknown. In this study, we found that EDAG is highly expressed in CMPs and MEPs and upregulated during the erythroid differentiation of CD34(+) cells following erythropoietin (EPO) treatment. Overexpression of EDAG induced erythroid differentiation of CD34(+) cells in vitro and in vivo using immunodeficient mice. Conversely, EDAG knockdown reduced erythroid differentiation in EPO-treated CD34(+) cells. Detailed mechanistic analysis suggested that EDAG forms complex with GATA1 and p300 and increases GATA1 acetylation and transcriptional activity by facilitating the interaction between GATA1 and p300. EDAG deletion mutants lacking the binding domain with GATA1 or p300 failed to enhance erythroid differentiation, suggesting that EDAG regulates erythroid differentiation partly through forming EDAG/GATA1/p300 complex. In the presence of the specific inhibitor of p300 acetyltransferase activity, C646, EDAG was unable to accelerate erythroid differentiation, indicating an involvement of p300 acetyltransferase activity in EDAG-induced erythroid differentiation. ChIP-PCR experiments confirmed that GATA1 and EDAG co-occupy GATA1-targeted genes in primary erythroid cells and in vivo. ChIP-seq was further performed to examine the global occupancy of EDAG during erythroid differentiation and a total of 7,133 enrichment peaks corresponding to 3,847 genes were identified. Merging EDAG ChIP-Seq and GATA1 ChIP-Seq datasets revealed that 782 genes overlapped. Microarray analysis suggested that EDAG knockdown selectively inhibits GATA1-activated target genes. These data provide novel insights into EDAG in regulation of erythroid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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19
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Spirin PV, Lebedev TD, Orlova NN, Gornostaeva AS, Prokofjeva MM, Nikitenko NA, Dmitriev SE, Buzdin AA, Borisov NM, Aliper AM, Garazha AV, Rubtsov PM, Stocking C, Prassolov VS. Silencing AML1-ETO gene expression leads to simultaneous activation of both pro-apoptotic and proliferation signaling. Leukemia 2014; 28:2222-8. [PMID: 24727677 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The t(8;21)(q22;q22) rearrangement represents the most common chromosomal translocation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It results in a transcript encoding for the fusion protein AML1-ETO (AE) with transcription factor activity. AE is considered to be an attractive target for treating t(8;21) leukemia. However, AE expression alone is insufficient to cause transformation, and thus the potential of such therapy remains unclear. Several genes are deregulated in AML cells, including KIT that encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor. Here, we show that AML cells transduced with short hairpin RNA vector targeting AE mRNAs have a dramatic decrease in growth rate that is caused by induction of apoptosis and deregulation of the cell cycle. A reduction in KIT mRNA levels was also observed in AE-silenced cells, but silencing KIT expression reduced cell growth but did not induce apoptosis. Transcription profiling of cells that escape cell death revealed activation of a number of signaling pathways involved in cell survival and proliferation. In particular, we find that the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2; also known as mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)) protein could mediate activation of 23 out of 29 (79%) of these upregulated pathways and thus may be regarded as the key player in establishing the t(8;21)-positive leukemic cells resistant to AE suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Spirin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T D Lebedev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N N Orlova
- 1] Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia [2] Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - A S Gornostaeva
- 1] Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia [2] Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - M M Prokofjeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Nikitenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S E Dmitriev
- 1] Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia [2] Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Buzdin
- 1] Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia [2] D Rogachyov Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia [3] Pathway Pharmaceuticals Limited, Wan Chai, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - N M Borisov
- 1] D Rogachyov Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia [2] Pathway Pharmaceuticals Limited, Wan Chai, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - A M Aliper
- 1] Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia [2] D Rogachyov Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Garazha
- 1] D Rogachyov Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia [2] Pathway Pharmaceuticals Limited, Wan Chai, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - P M Rubtsov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - C Stocking
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - V S Prassolov
- 1] Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia [2] Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
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20
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Richardson CL, Delehanty LL, Bullock GC, Rival CM, Tung KS, Kimpel DL, Gardenghi S, Rivella S, Goldfarb AN. Isocitrate ameliorates anemia by suppressing the erythroid iron restriction response. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3614-23. [PMID: 23863711 DOI: 10.1172/jci68487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique sensitivity of early red cell progenitors to iron deprivation, known as the erythroid iron restriction response, serves as a basis for human anemias globally. This response impairs erythropoietin-driven erythropoiesis and underlies erythropoietic repression in iron deficiency anemia. Mechanistically, the erythroid iron restriction response results from inactivation of aconitase enzymes and can be suppressed by providing the aconitase product isocitrate. Recent studies have implicated the erythroid iron restriction response in anemia of chronic disease and inflammation (ACDI), offering new therapeutic avenues for a major clinical problem; however, inflammatory signals may also directly repress erythropoiesis in ACDI. Here, we show that suppression of the erythroid iron restriction response by isocitrate administration corrected anemia and erythropoietic defects in rats with ACDI. In vitro studies demonstrated that erythroid repression by inflammatory signaling is potently modulated by the erythroid iron restriction response in a kinase-dependent pathway involving induction of the erythroid-inhibitory transcription factor PU.1. These results reveal the integration of iron and inflammatory inputs in a therapeutically tractable erythropoietic regulatory circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanté L Richardson
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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21
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A germline point mutation in Runx1 uncouples its role in definitive hematopoiesis from differentiation. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:980-991.e1. [PMID: 23823022 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Definitive hematopoiesis requires the master hematopoietic transcription factor Runx1, which is a frequent target of leukemia-related chromosomal translocations. Several of the translocation-generated fusion proteins retain the DNA binding activity of Runx1, but lose subnuclear targeting and associated transactivation potential. Complete loss of these functions in vivo resembles Runx1 ablation, which causes embryonic lethality. We developed a knock-in mouse that expresses full-length Runx1 with a mutation in the subnuclear targeting cofactor interaction domain, Runx1(HTY350-352AAA). Mutant mice survive to adulthood, and hematopoietic stem cell emergence appears to be unaltered. However, defects are observed in multiple differentiated hematopoietic lineages at stages where Runx1 is known to play key roles. Thus, a germline mutation in Runx1 reveals uncoupling of its functions during developmental hematopoiesis from subsequent differentiation across multiple hematopoietic lineages in the adult. These findings indicate that subnuclear targeting and cofactor interactions with Runx1 are important in many compartments throughout hematopoietic differentiation.
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Protein kinase D-HDAC5 signaling regulates erythropoiesis and contributes to erythropoietin cross-talk with GATA1. Blood 2012; 120:4219-28. [PMID: 22983445 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-10-387050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In red cell development, the differentiation program directed by the transcriptional regulator GATA1 requires signaling by the cytokine erythropoietin, but the mechanistic basis for this signaling requirement has remained unknown. Here we show that erythropoietin regulates GATA1 through protein kinase D activation, promoting histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) dissociation from GATA1, and subsequent GATA1 acetylation. Mice deficient for HDAC5 show resistance to anemic challenge and altered marrow responsiveness to erythropoietin injections. In ex vivo studies, HDAC5(-/-) progenitors display enhanced entry into and passage through the erythroid lineage, as well as evidence of erythropoietin-independent differentiation. These results reveal a molecular pathway that contributes to cytokine regulation of hematopoietic differentiation and offer a potential mechanism for fine tuning of lineage-restricted transcription factors by lineage-specific cytokines.
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In vivo chemical screening for modulators of hematopoiesis and hematological diseases. Adv Hematol 2012; 2012:851674. [PMID: 22778745 PMCID: PMC3385708 DOI: 10.1155/2012/851674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo chemical screening is a broadly applicable approach not only for dissecting genetic pathways governing hematopoiesis and hematological diseases, but also for finding critical components in those pathways that may be pharmacologically modulated. Both high-throughput chemical screening and facile detection of blood-cell-related phenotypes are feasible in embryonic/larval zebrafish. Two recent studies utilizing phenotypic chemical screens in zebrafish have identified several compounds that promote hematopoietic stem cell formation and reverse the hematopoietic phenotypes of a leukemia oncogene, respectively. These studies illustrate efficient drug discovery processes in zebrafish and reveal novel biological roles of prostaglandin E2 in hematopoietic and leukemia stem cells. Furthermore, the compounds discovered in zebrafish screens have become promising therapeutic candidates against leukemia and included in a clinical trial for enhancing hematopoietic stem cells during hematopoietic cell transplantation.
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The leukemia associated nuclear corepressor ETO homologue genes MTG16 and MTGR1 are regulated differently in hematopoietic cells. BMC Mol Biol 2012; 13:11. [PMID: 22443175 PMCID: PMC3364894 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-13-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MTG16, MTGR1 and ETO are nuclear transcriptional corepressors of the human ETO protein family. MTG16 is implicated in hematopoietic development and in controlling erythropoiesis/megakaryopoiesis. Furthermore, ETO homologue genes are 3'participants in leukemia fusions generated by chromosomal translocations responsible of hematopoietic dysregulation. We tried to identify structural and functional promoter elements of MTG16 and MTGR1 genes in order to find associations between their regulation and hematopoiesis. Results 5' deletion examinations and luciferase reporter gene studies indicated that a 492 bp sequence upstream of the transcription start site is essential for transcriptional activity by the MTG16 promoter. The TATA- and CCAAT-less promoter with a GC box close to the start site showed strong reporter activity when examined in erythroid/megakaryocytic cells. Mutation of an evolutionary conserved GATA -301 consensus binding site repressed promoter function. Furthermore, results from in vitro antibody-enhanced electrophoretic mobility shift assay and in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated binding of GATA-1 to the GATA -301 site. A role of GATA-1 was also supported by transfection of small interfering RNA, which diminished MTG16 expression. Furthermore, expression of the transcription factor HERP2, which represses GATA-1, produced strong inhibition of the MTG16 promoter reporter consistent with a role of GATA-1 in transcriptional activation. The TATA-less and CCAAT-less MTGR1 promoter retained most of the transcriptional activity within a -308 to -207 bp region with a GC-box-rich sequence containing multiple SP1 binding sites reminiscent of a housekeeping gene with constitutive expression. However, mutations of individual SP1 binding sites did not repress promoter function; multiple active SP1 binding sites may be required to safeguard constitutive MTGR1 transcriptional activity. The observed repression of MTG16/MTGR1 promoters by the leukemia associated AML1-ETO fusion gene may have a role in hematopoietic dysfunction of leukemia. Conclusions An evolutionary conserved GATA binding site is critical in transcriptional regulation of the MTG16 promoter. In contrast, the MTGR1 gene depends on a GC-box-rich sequence for transcriptional regulation and possible ubiquitous expression. Our results demonstrate that the ETO homologue promoters are regulated differently consistent with hematopoietic cell-type- specific expression and function.
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Abstract
It has been almost a quarter century since it was first appreciated that a class of oncogenes contained in rapidly transforming avian retroviruses encoded DNA-binding transcription factors. As with other oncogenes, genetic recombination with the viral genome led to their overexpression or functional alteration. In the years that followed, alterations of numerous transcription factors were shown to be causatively involved in various cancers in human patients and model organisms. Depending on their normal cellular functions, these factors were subsequently categorized as proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. This review focuses on the role of GATA transcription factors in carcinogenesis. GATA factors are zinc finger DNA binding proteins that control the development of diverse tissues by activating or repressing transcription. GATA factors thus coordinate cellular maturation with proliferation arrest and cell survival. Therefore, a role of this family of genes in human cancers is not surprising. Prominent examples include structural mutations in GATA1 that are found in almost all megakaryoblastic leukemias in patients with Down syndrome; loss of GATA3 expression in aggressive, dedifferentiated breast cancers; and silencing of GATA4 and GATA5 expression in colorectal and lung cancers. Here, we discuss possible mechanisms of carcinogenesis vis-à-vis the normal functions of GATA factors as they pertain to human patients and mouse models of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Zheng
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Talbot AL, Bullock GC, Delehanty LL, Sattler M, Zhao ZJ, Goldfarb AN. Aconitase regulation of erythropoiesis correlates with a novel licensing function in erythropoietin-induced ERK signaling. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23850. [PMID: 21887333 PMCID: PMC3161794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythroid development requires the action of erythropoietin (EPO) on committed progenitors to match red cell output to demand. In this process, iron acts as a critical cofactor, with iron deficiency blunting EPO-responsiveness of erythroid progenitors. Aconitase enzymes have recently been identified as possible signal integration elements that couple erythropoiesis with iron availability. In the current study, a regulatory role for aconitase during erythropoiesis was ascertained using a direct inhibitory strategy. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In C57BL/6 mice, infusion of an aconitase active-site inhibitor caused a hypoplastic anemia and suppressed responsiveness to hemolytic challenge. In a murine model of polycythemia vera, aconitase inhibition rapidly normalized red cell counts, but did not perturb other lineages. In primary erythroid progenitor cultures, aconitase inhibition impaired proliferation and maturation but had no effect on viability or ATP levels. This inhibition correlated with a blockade in EPO signal transmission specifically via ERK, with preservation of JAK2-STAT5 and Akt activation. Correspondingly, a physical interaction between ERK and mitochondrial aconitase was identified and found to be sensitive to aconitase inhibition. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Direct aconitase inhibition interferes with erythropoiesis in vivo and in vitro, confirming a lineage-selective regulatory role involving its enzymatic activity. This inhibition spares metabolic function but impedes EPO-induced ERK signaling and disturbs a newly identified ERK-aconitase physical interaction. We propose a model in which aconitase functions as a licensing factor in ERK-dependent proliferation and differentiation, thereby providing a regulatory input for iron in EPO-dependent erythropoiesis. Directly targeting aconitase may provide an alternative to phlebotomy in the treatment of polycythemia vera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Talbot
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Grant C. Bullock
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Lorrie L. Delehanty
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhizhuang Joe Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Adam N. Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Goyama S, Mulloy JC. Molecular pathogenesis of core binding factor leukemia: current knowledge and future prospects. Int J Hematol 2011; 94:126-133. [PMID: 21537931 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-011-0858-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Core binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common cytogenetic subtype of AML, defined by the presence of t(8;21) or inv(16)/t(16;16). The chromosomal aberrations create AML1-ETO and CBFβ-MYH11 fusion genes that disrupt the functions of CBF, an essential transcription factor in hematopoiesis. Despite the relatively good outcome of patients with CBF-AML, only approximately half of the patients are cured with current therapy, indicating the need for improved therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding altered transcriptional regulation, aberrant signaling pathways, and cooperating genetic events in CBF leukemia, and discuss challenges ahead for translating these findings into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Goyama
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James C Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Bromodomain protein Brd3 associates with acetylated GATA1 to promote its chromatin occupancy at erythroid target genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:E159-68. [PMID: 21536911 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1102140108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation of histones triggers association with bromodomain-containing proteins that regulate diverse chromatin-related processes. Although acetylation of transcription factors has been appreciated for some time, the mechanistic consequences are less well understood. The hematopoietic transcription factor GATA1 is acetylated at conserved lysines that are required for its stable association with chromatin. We show that the BET family protein Brd3 binds via its first bromodomain (BD1) to GATA1 in an acetylation-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. Mutation of a single residue in BD1 that is involved in acetyl-lysine binding abrogated recruitment of Brd3 by GATA1, demonstrating that acetylation of GATA1 is essential for Brd3 association with chromatin. Notably, Brd3 is recruited by GATA1 to both active and repressed target genes in a fashion seemingly independent of histone acetylation. Anti-Brd3 ChIP followed by massively parallel sequencing in GATA1-deficient erythroid precursor cells and those that are GATA1 replete revealed that GATA1 is a major determinant of Brd3 recruitment to genomic targets within chromatin. A pharmacologic compound that occupies the acetyl-lysine binding pockets of Brd3 bromodomains disrupts the Brd3-GATA1 interaction, diminishes the chromatin occupancy of both proteins, and inhibits erythroid maturation. Together these findings provide a mechanism for GATA1 acetylation and suggest that Brd3 "reads" acetyl marks on nuclear factors to promote their stable association with chromatin.
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Yung E, Sekulovic S, Argiropoulos B, Lai CK, Leung M, Berg T, Vollett S, Chang VCD, Wan A, Wong S, Humphries RK. Delineating domains and functions of NUP98 contributing to the leukemogenic activity of NUP98-HOX fusions. Leuk Res 2010; 35:545-50. [PMID: 21130494 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To determine the contribution of the common N-terminal truncation of NUP98 in NUP98-translocations resulting in acute myeloid leukemia, we have conducted a structure-function analysis of NUP98 in the context of NUP98-HOXA10HD, a novel, canonical NUP98-Hox fusion that significantly enhances the self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cells and collaborates with Meis1 to induce AML in our mouse models. Our results identify that NUP98 functions by transcriptional activation likely by recruitment of CBP/p300 via its FG/GLFG repeats. In contrast, the functional interaction of NUP98 with Rae1 or the anaphase promoting complex appears non-essential for its role in NUP98-leukemogenic fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Yung
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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30
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Abdul-Nabi AM, Yassin ER, Varghese N, Deshmukh H, Yaseen NR. In vitro transformation of primary human CD34+ cells by AML fusion oncogenes: early gene expression profiling reveals possible drug target in AML. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12464. [PMID: 20805992 PMCID: PMC2929205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Different fusion oncogenes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have distinct clinical and laboratory features suggesting different modes of malignant transformation. Here we compare the in vitro effects of representatives of 4 major groups of AML fusion oncogenes on primary human CD34+ cells. As expected from their clinical similarities, MLL-AF9 and NUP98-HOXA9 had very similar effects in vitro. They both caused erythroid hyperplasia and a clear block in erythroid and myeloid maturation. On the other hand, AML1-ETO and PML-RARA had only modest effects on myeloid and erythroid differentiation. All oncogenes except PML-RARA caused a dramatic increase in long-term proliferation and self-renewal. Gene expression profiling revealed two distinct temporal patterns of gene deregulation. Gene deregulation by MLL-AF9 and NUP98-HOXA9 peaked 3 days after transduction. In contrast, the vast majority of gene deregulation by AML1-ETO and PML-RARA occurred within 6 hours, followed by a dramatic drop in the numbers of deregulated genes. Interestingly, the p53 inhibitor MDM2 was upregulated by AML1-ETO at 6 hours. Nutlin-3, an inhibitor of the interaction between MDM2 and p53, specifically inhibited the proliferation and self-renewal of primary human CD34+ cells transduced with AML1-ETO, suggesting that MDM2 upregulation plays a role in cell transformation by AML1-ETO. These data show that differences among AML fusion oncogenes can be recapitulated in vitro using primary human CD34+ cells and that early gene expression profiling in these cells can reveal potential drug targets in AML.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Oncogene Fusion
- Oncogenes/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/genetics
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmaar M. Abdul-Nabi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Enas R. Yassin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nobish Varghese
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Hrishikesh Deshmukh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nabeel R. Yaseen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ajore R, Dhanda RS, Gullberg U, Olsson I. The leukemia associated ETO nuclear repressor gene is regulated by the GATA-1 transcription factor in erythroid/megakaryocytic cells. BMC Mol Biol 2010; 11:38. [PMID: 20487545 PMCID: PMC2882371 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-11-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Eight-Twenty-One (ETO) nuclear co-repressor gene belongs to the ETO homologue family also containing Myeloid Translocation Gene on chromosome 16 (MTG16) and myeloid translocation Gene-Related protein 1 (MTGR1). By chromosomal translocations ETO and MTG16 become parts of fusion proteins characteristic of morphological variants of acute myeloid leukemia. Normal functions of ETO homologues have as yet not been examined. The goal of this work was to identify structural and functional promoter elements upstream of the coding sequence of the ETO gene in order to explore lineage-specific hematopoietic expression and get hints to function. RESULTS A putative proximal ETO promoter was identified within 411 bp upstream of the transcription start site. Strong ETO promoter activity was specifically observed upon transfection of a promoter reporter construct into erythroid/megakaryocytic cells, which have endogeneous ETO gene activity. An evolutionary conserved region of 228 bp revealed potential cis-elements involved in transcription of ETO. Disruption of the evolutionary conserved GATA -636 consensus binding site repressed transactivation and disruption of the ETS1 -705 consensus binding site enhanced activity of the ETO promoter. The promoter was stimulated by overexpression of GATA-1 into erythroid/megakaryocytic cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay with erythroid/megakaryocytic cells showed specific binding of GATA-1 to the GATA -636 site. Furthermore, results from chromatin immunoprecipitation showed GATA-1 binding in vivo to the conserved region of the ETO promoter containing the -636 site. The results suggest that the GATA -636 site may have a role in activation of the ETO gene activity in cells with erythroid/megakaryocytic potential. Leukemia associated AML1-ETO strongly suppressed an ETO promoter reporter in erythroid/megakaryocytic cells. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that the GATA-1 transcription factor binds and transactivates the ETO proximal promoter in an erythroid/megakaryocytic-specific manner. Thus, trans-acting factors that are essential in erythroid/megakaryocytic differentiation govern ETO expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Ajore
- 1Department of Hematology, C14, BMC, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
Human red cell differentiation requires the action of erythropoietin on committed progenitor cells. In iron deficiency, committed erythroid progenitors lose responsiveness to erythropoietin, resulting in hypoplastic anemia. To address the basis for iron regulation of erythropoiesis, we established primary hematopoietic cultures with transferrin saturation levels that restricted erythropoiesis but permitted granulopoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. Experiments in this system identified as a critical regulatory element the aconitases, multifunctional iron-sulfur cluster proteins that metabolize citrate to isocitrate. Iron restriction suppressed mitochondrial and cytosolic aconitase activity in erythroid but not granulocytic or megakaryocytic progenitors. An active site aconitase inhibitor, fluorocitrate, blocked erythroid differentiation in a manner similar to iron deprivation. Exogenous isocitrate abrogated the erythroid iron restriction response in vitro and reversed anemia progression in iron-deprived mice. The mechanism for aconitase regulation of erythropoiesis most probably involves both production of metabolic intermediates and modulation of erythropoietin signaling. One relevant signaling pathway appeared to involve protein kinase Calpha/beta, or possibly protein kinase Cdelta, whose activities were regulated by iron, isocitrate, and erythropoietin.
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Discovering chemical modifiers of oncogene-regulated hematopoietic differentiation. Nat Chem Biol 2009; 5:236-43. [PMID: 19172146 PMCID: PMC2658727 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that inhibitors of an oncogene's effects on multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation may change the properties of the leukemic stem cells and complement the clinical use of cytotoxic drugs. Using zebrafish, we developed a robust in vivo hematopoietic differentiation assay that reflects the activity of the oncogene AML1-ETO. Screening for modifiers of AML1-ETO-mediated hematopoietic dysregulation uncovered unexpected roles of COX-2- and beta-catenin-dependent pathways in AML1-ETO function. This approach may open doors for developing therapeutics targeting oncogene function within leukemic stem cells.
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Stuardo M, Martinez M, Hidalgo K, Montecino M, Javed A, Lian JB, Stein GS, Stein JL, Gutiérrez SE. Altered chromatin modifications in AML1/RUNX1 breakpoint regions involved in (8;21) translocation. J Cell Physiol 2008; 218:343-9. [PMID: 18853425 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The RUNX1/AML1 gene is the most frequent target for chromosomal translocation, and often identified as a site for reciprocal rearrangement of chromosomes 8 and 21 in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Virtually all chromosome translocations in leukemia show no consistent homologous sequences at the breakpoint regions. However, specific chromatin elements (DNase I and topoisomerase II cleavage) have been found at the breakpoints of some genes suggesting that structural motifs are determinant for the double strand DNA-breaks. We analyzed the chromatin organization at intron 5 of the RUNX1 gene where all the sequenced breakpoints involved in t(8;21) have been mapped. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays we show that chromatin organization at intron 5 of the RUNX1 gene is different in HL-60 and HeLa cells. Two distinct features mark the intron 5 in cells expressing RUNX1: a complete lack or significantly reduced levels of Histone H1 and enrichment of hyperacetylated histone H3. Strikingly, induction of DNA damage resulted in formation of t(8;21) in HL-60 but not in HeLa cells. Taken together, our results suggest that H1 depletion and/or histone H3 hyperacetylation may have a linkage with an increase susceptibility of specific chromosomal regions to undergo translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Stuardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Abstract
The transcription factor GATA-1 participates in programming the differentiation of multiple hematopoietic lineages. In megakaryopoiesis, loss of GATA-1 function produces complex developmental abnormalities and underlies the pathogenesis of megakaryocytic leukemia in Down syndrome. Its distinct functions in megakaryocyte and erythroid maturation remain incompletely understood. In this study, we identified functional and physical interaction of GATA-1 with components of the positive transcriptional elongation factor P-TEFb, a complex containing cyclin T1 and the cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (Cdk9). Megakaryocytic induction was associated with dynamic changes in endogenous P-TEFb composition, including recruitment of GATA-1 and dissociation of HEXIM1, a Cdk9 inhibitor. shRNA knockdowns and pharmacologic inhibition both confirmed contribution of Cdk9 activity to megakaryocytic differentiation. In mice with megakaryocytic GATA-1 deficiency, Cdk9 inhibition produced a fulminant but reversible megakaryoblastic disorder reminiscent of the transient myeloproliferative disorder of Down syndrome. P-TEFb has previously been implicated in promoting elongation of paused RNA polymerase II and in programming hypertrophic differentiation of cardiomyocytes. Our results offer evidence for P-TEFb cross-talk with GATA-1 in megakaryocytic differentiation, a program with parallels to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Epigenetic plasticity of chromatin in embryonic and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells: therapeutic potential of cell reprogramming. Leukemia 2008; 22:1503-18. [PMID: 18548105 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development and adult life, the plasticity and reversibility of modifications that affect the chromatin structure is important in the expression of genes involved in cell fate decisions and the maintenance of cell-differentiated state. Epigenetic changes in DNA and chromatin, which must occur to allow the accessibility of transcriptional factors at specific DNA-binding sites, are regarded as emerging major players for embryonic and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development and lineage differentiation. Epigenetic deregulation of gene expression, whether it be in conjunction with chromosomal alterations and gene mutations or not, is a newly recognized mechanism that leads to several diseases, including leukemia. The reversibility of epigenetic modifications makes DNA and chromatin changes attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Here we review some of the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression in pluripotent embryonic and multipotent HSCs but may be deregulated in leukemia, and the clinical approaches designed to target the chromatin structure in leukemic cells.
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Yeh JRJ, Munson KM, Chao YL, Peterson QP, Macrae CA, Peterson RT. AML1-ETO reprograms hematopoietic cell fate by downregulating scl expression. Development 2008; 135:401-10. [PMID: 18156164 DOI: 10.1242/dev.008904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AML1-ETO is one of the most common chromosomal translocation products associated with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Patients carrying the AML1-ETO fusion gene exhibit an accumulation of granulocyte precursors in the bone marrow and the blood. Here, we describe a transgenic zebrafish line that enables inducible expression of the human AML1-ETO oncogene. Induced AML1-ETO expression in embryonic zebrafish causes a phenotype that recapitulates some aspects of human AML. Using this highly tractable model, we show that AML1-ETO redirects myeloerythroid progenitor cells that are developmentally programmed to adopt the erythroid cell fate into the granulocytic cell fate. This fate change is characterized by a loss of gata1 expression and an increase in pu.1 expression in myeloerythroid progenitor cells. Moreover, we identify scl as an early and essential mediator of the effect of AML1-ETO on hematopoietic cell fate. AML1-ETO quickly shuts off scl expression, and restoration of scl expression rescues the effects of AML1-ETO on myeloerythroid progenitor cell fate. These results demonstrate that scl is an important mediator of the ability of AML1-ETO to reprogram hematopoietic cell fate decisions, suggesting that scl may be an important contributor to AML1-ETO-associated leukemia. In addition, treatment of AML1-ETO transgenic zebrafish embryos with a histone deacetylase inhibitor, Trichostatin A, restores scl and gata1 expression, and ameliorates the accumulation of granulocytic cells caused by AML1-ETO. Thus, this zebrafish model facilitates in vivo dissection of AML1-ETO-mediated signaling, and will enable large-scale chemical screens to identify suppressors of the in vivo effects of AML1-ETO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ruey J Yeh
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Xu M, Li D, Lu Y, Chen GQ. Leukemogenic AML1-ETO fusion protein increases carcinogen-DNA adduct formation with upregulated expression of cytochrome P450-1A1 gene. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:1249-55. [PMID: 17560011 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AML1-ETO fusion protein is a product of chromosome translocation t(8;21) frequently occurred in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but its sole expression appears to fail to cause overt leukemia in vivo. In this study, we investigated whether AML1-ETO expression impinged on action of chemical carcinogens-DNA adduct formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS AML1-ETO fusion protein was conditionally induced in engineered U937-A/E 9/14/18 cells. The formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts and the expression of PAH-metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) were detected by Western blot and/or quantitative RT-PCR. Luciferase reporter system was used to detect the regulation of AML1-ETO on CYP1A1 transcription. RESULTS Our results showed that AML1-ETO induction significantly increased the formation of carcinogen benzopyrene-DNA adducts in leukemic cells. In line with the effect, we also found that AML1-ETO induction upregulated CYP1A1 expression, which was dependent on AML1-binding motif in the promotor of CYP1A1 gene. Additionally, AML1-ETO protein also increased AhR expression, a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates PAHs-induced CYP1A1 gene expression. CONCLUSION These data, combined with its inhibitory effect on DNA repair as reported previously, propose that the presence of AML1-ETO increases the susceptibility of cells to chemical carcinogens, which favors the development of additional genetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Institute of Health Science, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine/Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences and School of Graduate, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Peterson LF, Boyapati A, Ahn EY, Biggs JR, Okumura AJ, Lo MC, Yan M, Zhang DE. Acute myeloid leukemia with the 8q22;21q22 translocation: secondary mutational events and alternative t(8;21) transcripts. Blood 2007; 110:799-805. [PMID: 17412887 PMCID: PMC1924771 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-11-019265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonrandom and somatically acquired chromosomal translocations can be identified in nearly 50% of human acute myeloid leukemias. One common chromosomal translocation in this disease is the 8q22;21q22 translocation. It involves the AML1 (RUNX1) gene on chromosome 21 and the ETO (MTG8, RUNX1T1) gene on chromosome 8 generating the AML1-ETO fusion proteins. In this review, we survey recent advances made involving secondary mutational events and alternative t(8;21) transcripts in relation to understanding AML1-ETO leukemogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/metabolism
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/biosynthesis
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/biosynthesis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein
- Transcription, Genetic
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke F Peterson
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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40
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Asou N, Yanagida M, Huang L, Yamamoto M, Shigesada K, Mitsuya H, Ito Y, Osato M. Concurrent transcriptional deregulation of AML1/RUNX1 and GATA factors by the AML1-TRPS1 chimeric gene in t(8;21)(q24;q22) acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2007; 109:4023-7. [PMID: 17244685 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-01-031781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The Runt domain transcription factor AML1/RUNX1 is essential for the generation of hematopoietic stem cells and is the most frequent target of chromosomal translocations associated with leukemia. Here, we present a new AML1 translocation found in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia M4 with t(8;21)(q24;q22) at the time of relapse. This translocation generated an in-frame chimeric gene consisting of the N-terminal portion of AML1, retaining the Runt domain, fused to the entire length of TRPS1 on the C-terminus. TRPS1 encodes a putative multitype zinc finger (ZF) protein containing 9 C2H2 type ZFs and 1 GATA type ZF. AML1-TRPS1 stimulated proliferation of hematopoietic colony-forming cells and repressed the transcriptional activity of AML1 and GATA-1 by 2 different mechanisms: competition at their cognate DNA-binding sites and physical sequestrations of AML1 and GATA-1, suggesting that simultaneous deregulation of AML1 and GATA factors constitutes a basis for leukemogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/metabolism
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/biosynthesis
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- GATA Transcription Factors/genetics
- GATA Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Mice
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/biosynthesis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Repressor Proteins
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Asou
- Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
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41
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Riz I, Akimov SS, Eaker SS, Baxter KK, Lee HJ, Mariño-Ramírez L, Landsman D, Hawley TS, Hawley RG. TLX1/HOX11-induced hematopoietic differentiation blockade. Oncogene 2007; 26:4115-23. [PMID: 17213805 PMCID: PMC1955382 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the human homeobox-containing proto-oncogene TLX1/HOX11 inhibits hematopoietic differentiation programs in a number of murine model systems. Here, we report the establishment of a murine erythroid progenitor cell line, iEBHX1S-4, developmentally arrested by regulatable TLX1 expression. Extinction of TLX1 expression released the iEBHX1S-4 differentiation block, allowing erythropoietin-dependent acquisition of erythroid markers and hemoglobin synthesis. Coordinated activation of erythroid transcriptional networks integrated by the acetyltransferase co-activator CREB-binding protein (CBP) was suggested by bioinformatic analysis of the upstream regulatory regions of several conditionally induced iEBHX1S-4 gene sets. In accord with this notion, CBP-associated acetylation of GATA-1, an essential regulator of erythroid differentiation, increased concomitantly with TLX1 downregulation. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments and glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assays revealed that TLX1 directly binds to CBP, and confocal laser microscopy demonstrated that the two proteins partially colocalize at intranuclear sites in iEBHX1S-4 cells. Notably, the distribution of CBP in conditionally blocked iEBHX1S-4 cells partially overlapped with chromatin marked by a repressive histone methylation pattern, and downregulation of TLX1 coincided with exit of CBP from these heterochromatic regions. Thus, we propose that TLX1-mediated differentiation arrest may be achieved in part through a mechanism that involves redirection of CBP and/or its sequestration in repressive chromatin domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Riz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - SS Akimov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - SS Eaker
- NanoDetection Technology, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - KK Baxter
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - HJ Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - L Mariño-Ramírez
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - D Landsman
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - TS Hawley
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - RG Hawley
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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42
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Elagib KE, Goldfarb AN. Oncogenic pathways of AML1-ETO in acute myeloid leukemia: multifaceted manipulation of marrow maturation. Cancer Lett 2006; 251:179-86. [PMID: 17125917 PMCID: PMC1931834 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Revised: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The leukemic fusion protein AML1-ETO occurs frequently in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and has received much attention over the past decade. An initial model for its pathogenetic effects emphasized the conversion of a hematopoietic transcriptional activator, RUNX1 (or AML1), into a leukemogenic repressor which blocked myeloid differentiation at the level of target gene regulation. This view has been absorbed into a larger picture of AML1-ETO pathogenesis, encompassing dysregulation of hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis at several mechanistic levels. Recent reports have highlighted a multifaceted capacity of AML1-ETO directly to inhibit key hematopoietic transcription factors that function as tumor suppressors at several nodal points during hematopoietic differentiation. A new model is presented in which AML1-ETO coordinates expansion of the stem cell compartment with diminished lineage commitment and with genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaleldin E Elagib
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800904, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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