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Pulido M, Chamorro V, Romero I, Algarra I, S-Montalvo A, Collado A, Garrido F, Garcia-Lora AM. Restoration of MHC-I on Tumor Cells by Fhit Transfection Promotes Immune Rejection and Acts as an Individualized Immunotherapeutic Vaccine. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1563. [PMID: 32545680 PMCID: PMC7352176 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of cytotoxic-T lymphocytes to recognize and destroy tumor cells depends on the surface expression by tumor cells of MHC class I molecules loaded with tumor antigen peptides. Loss of MHC-I expression is the most frequent mechanism by which tumor cells evade the immune response. The restoration of MHC-I expression in cancer cells is crucial to enhance their immune destruction, especially in response to cancer immunotherapy. Using mouse models, we recovered MHC-I expression in the MHC-I negative tumor cell lines and analyzed their oncological and immunological profile. Fhit gene transfection induces the restoration of MHC-I expression in highly oncogenic MHC-I-negative murine tumor cell lines and genes of the IFN-γ transduction signal pathway are involved. Fhit-transfected tumor cells proved highly immunogenic, being rejected by a T lymphocyte-mediated immune response. Strikingly, this immune rejection was more frequent in females than in males. The immune response generated protected hosts against the tumor growth of non-transfected cells and against other tumor cells in our murine tumor model. Finally, we also observed a direct correlation between FHIT expression and HLA-I surface expression in human breast tumors. Recovery of Fhit expression on MHC class I negative tumor cells may be a useful immunotherapeutic strategy and may even act as an individualized immunotherapeutic vaccine.
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Grants
- 15-1166 Worldwide Cancer Research
- PI12/02031, PI14/01978, PI15/00528, PI17/00197, PI19/01179, PT13/0010/0039 and PT17/0015/0041 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Group CTS-143, CTS-3952, CVI-4740 grants Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pulido
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (M.P.); (V.C.); (A.S.-M.); (F.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Virginia Chamorro
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (M.P.); (V.C.); (A.S.-M.); (F.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Romero
- UGC Laboratorios, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, 23007 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Algarra
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Alba S-Montalvo
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (M.P.); (V.C.); (A.S.-M.); (F.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonia Collado
- Unidad de Biobanco, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Federico Garrido
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (M.P.); (V.C.); (A.S.-M.); (F.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Angel M. Garcia-Lora
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (M.P.); (V.C.); (A.S.-M.); (F.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
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Sjölander JJ, Sunnerhagen P. The fission yeast FHIT homolog affects checkpoint control of proliferation and is regulated by mitochondrial electron transport. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:412-423. [PMID: 31538680 PMCID: PMC7003880 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Genetic analysis has strongly implicated human FHIT (Fragile Histidine Triad) as a tumor suppressor gene, being mutated in a large proportion of early‐stage cancers. The functions of the FHIT protein have, however, remained elusive. Here, we investigated aph1+, the fission yeast homolog of FHIT, for functions related to checkpoint control and oxidative metabolism. In sublethal concentrations of DNA damaging agents, aph1Δ mutants grew with a substantially shorter lag phase. In aph1Δ mutants carrying a hypomorphic allele of cds1 (the fission yeast homolog of Chk2), in addition, increased chromosome fragmentation and missegregation were found. We also found that under hypoxia or impaired electron transport function, the Aph1 protein level was strongly depressed. Previously, FHIT has been linked to regulation of the human 9‐1‐1 checkpoint complex constituted by Hus1, Rad1, and Rad9. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the levels of all three 9‐1‐1 proteins are all downregulated by hypoxia in similarity with Aph1. Moreover, deletion of the aph1+ gene reduced the Rad1 protein level, indicating a direct relationship between these two proteins. We conclude that the fission yeast FHIT homolog has a role in modulating DNA damage checkpoint function, possibly through an effect on the 9‐1‐1 complex, and that this effect may be critical under conditions of limiting oxidative metabolism and reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna J Sjölander
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Lundberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 462, Göteborg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Per Sunnerhagen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Lundberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 462, Göteborg, SE-405 30, Sweden
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3
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Druck T, Cheung DG, Park D, Trapasso F, Pichiorri F, Gaspari M, Palumbo T, Aqeilan RI, Gaudio E, Okumura H, Iuliano R, Raso C, Green K, Huebner K, Croce CM. Fhit-Fdxr interaction in the mitochondria: modulation of reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis in cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:147. [PMID: 30770797 PMCID: PMC6377664 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fhit protein is lost in cancers of most, perhaps all, cancer types; when restored, it can induce apoptosis and suppress tumorigenicity, as shown in vitro and in mouse tumor models in vivo. Following protein cross-linking and proteomics analyses, we characterized a Fhit protein complex involved in triggering Fhit-mediated apoptosis. The complex includes the heat-shock chaperonin pair, HSP60/10, which is likely involved in importing Fhit into the mitochondria, where it interacts with ferredoxin reductase, responsible for transferring electrons from NADPH to cytochrome P450 via ferredoxin, in electron transport chain complex III. Overexpression of Fhit protein in Fhit-deficient cancer cells modulates the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, causing increased ROS, following peroxide treatment, with subsequent increased apoptosis of lung cancer cells under oxidative stress conditions; conversely, Fhit-negative cells escape ROS overproduction and ROS-induced apoptosis, likely carrying oxidative damage. Thus, characterization of Fhit-interacting proteins has identified direct effectors of a Fhit-mediated apoptotic signal pathway that is lost in many cancers. This is of translational interest considering the very recent emphasis in a number of high-profile publications, concerning the role of oxidative phosphorylation in the treatment of human cancers, and especially cancer stem cells that rely upon oxidative phosphorylation for survival. Additionally, we have shown that cells from a Fhit-deficient lung cancer cell line, are sensitive to killing by exposure to atovaquone, thought to act as a selective oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor by targeting the CoQ10 dependence of the mitochondrial complex III, while the Fhit-expressing sister clone is resistant to this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Druck
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Douglas G Cheung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dongju Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Tiziana Palumbo
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale Preclinica e Clinica, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Hiroshi Okumura
- Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rodolfo Iuliano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Cinzia Raso
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kari Green
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA
| | - Kay Huebner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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4
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Konno M, Asai A, Kawamoto K, Nishida N, Satoh T, Doki Y, Mori M, Ishii H. The one-carbon metabolism pathway highlights therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1057-1063. [PMID: 28259896 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
After the initial use of anti-folates for treatment of malignancies, folate metabolism has emerged as a rational diagnostic and therapeutic target in gastrointestinal cancer. The one-carbon metabolic pathway, which comprises three critical reactions (i.e., folate and methionine cycles), underlies this effect in conjunction with the trans-sulfuration pathway. Understanding of the one-carbon metabolism pathway has served to unravel the link between the causes and effects of cancer phenotypes leading to several seminal discoveries such as that of diadenosine tri-phosphate hydrolase, microRNAs, 5-FU and, more recently, trifluridine. In the folate cycle, glycine and serine fuel the mitochondrial enzymes SHMT2, MTHFD2 and ALDH1L2, which play critical roles in the cancer survival and proliferation presumably through purine production. In the methionine cycle, S-adenocyl methionine serves hydrocarbons and polyamines that are critical for the epigenetic controls. The trans-sulfuration pathway is a critical component in the synthesis of glutathione, which is involved in the production of reactive oxygen species in cancer stem cells. Therefore, characterization of one-carbon metabolism is indispensable to the development of precision medicine in the context of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. In the present study, we review the historical issues associated with one-carbon metabolism and highlight the recent advances in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Konno
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ayumu Asai
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naohiro Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taroh Satoh
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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5
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Rieswijk L, Brauers KJJ, Coonen MLJ, Jennen DGJ, van Breda SGJ, Kleinjans JCS. Exploiting microRNA and mRNA profiles generated in vitro from carcinogen-exposed primary mouse hepatocytes for predicting in vivo genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Mutagenesis 2016; 31:603-15. [PMID: 27338304 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The well-defined battery of in vitro systems applied within chemical cancer risk assessment is often characterised by a high false-positive rate, thus repeatedly failing to correctly predict the in vivo genotoxic and carcinogenic properties of test compounds. Toxicogenomics, i.e. mRNA-profiling, has been proven successful in improving the prediction of genotoxicity in vivo and the understanding of underlying mechanisms. Recently, microRNAs have been discovered as post-transcriptional regulators of mRNAs. It is thus hypothesised that using microRNA response-patterns may further improve current prediction methods. This study aimed at predicting genotoxicity and non-genotoxic carcinogenicity in vivo, by comparing microRNA- and mRNA-based profiles, using a frequently applied in vitro liver model and exposing this to a range of well-chosen prototypical carcinogens. Primary mouse hepatocytes (PMH) were treated for 24 and 48h with 21 chemical compounds [genotoxins (GTX) vs. non-genotoxins (NGTX) and non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGTX-C) versus non-carcinogens (NC)]. MicroRNA and mRNA expression changes were analysed by means of Exiqon and Affymetrix microarray-platforms, respectively. Classification was performed by using Prediction Analysis for Microarrays (PAM). Compounds were randomly assigned to training and validation sets (repeated 10 times). Before prediction analysis, pre-selection of microRNAs and mRNAs was performed by using a leave-one-out t-test. No microRNAs could be identified that accurately predicted genotoxicity or non-genotoxic carcinogenicity in vivo. However, mRNAs could be detected which appeared reliable in predicting genotoxicity in vivo after 24h (7 genes) and 48h (2 genes) of exposure (accuracy: 90% and 93%, sensitivity: 65% and 75%, specificity: 100% and 100%). Tributylinoxide and para-Cresidine were misclassified. Also, mRNAs were identified capable of classifying NGTX-C after 24h (5 genes) as well as after 48h (3 genes) of treatment (accuracy: 78% and 88%, sensitivity: 83% and 83%, specificity: 75% and 93%). Wy-14,643, phenobarbital and ampicillin trihydrate were misclassified. We conclude that genotoxicity and non-genotoxic carcinogenicity probably cannot be accurately predicted based on microRNA profiles. Overall, transcript-based prediction analyses appeared to clearly outperform microRNA-based analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Rieswijk
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, Netherlands and Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre (NTC), Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Karen J J Brauers
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, Netherlands and
| | - Maarten L J Coonen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, Netherlands and Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre (NTC), Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Danyel G J Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, Netherlands and Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre (NTC), Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Simone G J van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, Netherlands and
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, Netherlands and Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre (NTC), Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, Netherlands
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Hu B, Ying X, Wang J, Piriyapongsa J, Jordan IK, Sheng J, Yu F, Zhao P, Li Y, Wang H, Ng WL, Hu S, Wang X, Wang C, Zheng X, Li W, Curran WJ, Wang Y. Identification of a tumor-suppressive human-specific microRNA within the FHIT tumor-suppressor gene. Cancer Res 2014; 74:2283-94. [PMID: 24556720 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Loss or attenuated expression of the tumor-suppressor gene FHIT is associated paradoxically with poor progression of human tumors. Fhit promotes apoptosis and regulates reactive oxygen species; however, the mechanism by which Fhit inhibits tumor growth in animals remains unclear. In this study, we used a multidisciplinary approach based on bioinformatics, small RNA library screening, human tissue analysis, and a xenograft mouse model to identify a novel member of the miR-548 family in the fourth intron of the human FHIT gene. Characterization of this human-specific microRNA illustrates the importance of this class of microRNAs in tumor suppression and may influence interpretation of Fhit action in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocheng Hu
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology; Center of Computational Biology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathumthani, Thailand
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7
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High-resolution whole-genome analysis of skull base chordomas implicates FHIT loss in chordoma pathogenesis. Neoplasia 2013; 14:788-98. [PMID: 23019410 DOI: 10.1593/neo.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare tumor arising in the sacrum, clivus, or vertebrae. It is often not completely resectable and shows a high incidence of recurrence and progression with shortened patient survival and impaired quality of life. Chemotherapeutic options are limited to investigational therapies at present. Therefore, adjuvant therapy for control of tumor recurrence and progression is of great interest, especially in skull base lesions where complete tumor resection is often not possible because of the proximity of cranial nerves. To understand the extent of genetic instability and associated chromosomal and gene losses or gains in skull base chordoma, we undertook whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray analysis of flash frozen surgical chordoma specimens, 21 from the clivus and 1 from C1 to C2 vertebrae. We confirm the presence of a deletion at 9p involving CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and MTAP but at a much lower rate (22%) than previously reported for sacral chordoma. At a similar frequency (21%), we found aneuploidy of chromosome 3. Tissue microarray immunohistochemistry demonstrated absent or reduced fragile histidine triad (FHIT) protein expression in 98% of sacral chordomas and 67%of skull base chordomas. Our data suggest that chromosome 3 aneuploidy and epigenetic regulation of FHIT contribute to loss of the FHIT tumor suppressor in chordoma. The finding that FHIT is lost in a majority of chordomas provides new insight into chordoma pathogenesis and points to a potential new therapeutic target for this challenging neoplasm.
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Mir Mohammadrezaei F, Mohseni kouchesfehani H, Montazeri H, Gharghabi M, Ostad SN, Ghahremani MH. Signaling crosstalk of FHIT, CHK2 and p38 in etoposide induced growth inhibition in MCF-7 cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:126-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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NISHIKAWA SHIMPEI, ISHII HIDESHI, HARAGUCHI NAOTSUGU, KANO YOSHIHIRO, FUKUSUMI TAKAHITO, OHTA KATSUYA, OZAKI MIYUKI, DEWI DYAHLAKSMI, SAKAI DAISUKE, SATOH TAROH, NAGANO HIROAKI, DOKI YUICHIRO, MORI MASAKI. microRNA-based cancer cell reprogramming technology. Exp Ther Med 2012; 4:8-14. [PMID: 23060915 PMCID: PMC3460250 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play crucial roles in cancer initiation and development. Complete reprogramming can be achieved through the introduction of defined biological factors such as Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc into mouse and human fibroblasts. Introduction of these transcription factors resulted in the modification of malignant phenotype behavior. Recent studies have shown that human and mouse somatic cells can be reprogrammed to become induced pluripotent stem cells using forced expression of microRNAs, which completely eliminates the need for ectopic protein expression. Considering the usefulness of RNA molecules, microRNA-based reprogramming technology may have future applications in regenerative and cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- SHIMPEI NISHIKAWA
- Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy and
- Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
| | - HIDESHI ISHII
- Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy and
| | | | - YOSHIHIRO KANO
- Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy and
- Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
| | - TAKAHITO FUKUSUMI
- Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy and
- Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
| | - KATSUYA OHTA
- Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy and
- Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
| | - MIYUKI OZAKI
- Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy and
- Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
| | - DYAH LAKSMI DEWI
- Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy and
- Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
| | - DAISUKE SAKAI
- Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy and
| | - TAROH SATOH
- Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy and
| | - HIROAKI NAGANO
- Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
| | - YUICHIRO DOKI
- Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
| | - MASAKI MORI
- Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871,
Japan
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10
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Tian Y, Zhang J, Yan S, Qiu L, Li Z. FATS expression is associated with cisplatin sensitivity in non small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2012; 76:416-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Josse R, Dumont J, Fautrel A, Robin MA, Guillouzo A. Identification of early target genes of aflatoxin B1 in human hepatocytes, inter-individual variability and comparison with other genotoxic compounds. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 258:176-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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O'Driscoll M. Haploinsufficiency of DNA Damage Response Genes and their Potential Influence in Human Genomic Disorders. Curr Genomics 2011; 9:137-46. [PMID: 19440510 PMCID: PMC2679649 DOI: 10.2174/138920208784340795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic disorders are a clinically diverse group of conditions caused by gain, loss or re-orientation of a genomic region containing dosage-sensitive genes. One class of genomic disorder is caused by hemizygous deletions resulting in haploinsufficiency of a single or, more usually, several genes. For example, the heterozygous contiguous gene deletion on chromosome 22q11.2 causing DiGeorge syndrome involves at least 20-30 genes. Determining how the copy number variation (CNV) affects human variation and contributes to the aetiology and progression of various genomic disorders represents important questions for the future. Here, I will discuss the functional significance of one form of CNV, haploinsufficiency (i.e. loss of a gene copy), of DNA damage response components and its association with certain genomic disorders. There is increasing evidence that haploinsufficiency for certain genes encoding key players in the cells response to DNA damage, particularly those of the Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)-pathway, has a functional impact. I will review this evidence and present examples of some well known clinically similar genomic disorders that have recently been shown to be defective in the ATR-dependent DNA damage response. Finally, I will discuss the potential implications of a haploinsufficiency-induced defective DNA damage response for the clinical management of certain human genomic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark O'Driscoll
- Genome Damage & Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9RQ, UK
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Huebner K, Saldivar JC, Sun J, Shibata H, Druck T. Hits, Fhits and Nits: beyond enzymatic function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 51:208-17. [PMID: 21035495 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have briefly summarized what is known about these proteins, but in closing wish to feature the outstanding questions. Hint1 was discovered mistakenly as an inhibitor of Protein Kinase C and designated Pkci, a designation that still confuses the literature. The other Hint family members were discovered by homology to Hint1. Aprataxin was discovered as a result of the hunt for a gene responsible for AOA1. Fhit was discovered through cloning of a familial chromosome translocation breakpoint on chromosome 3 that interrupts the large FHIT gene within an intron, in the FRA3B chromosome region (Ohta et al., 1996), now known to be the region of the human genome most susceptible to DNA damage due to replication stress (Durkin et al., 2008). The NitFhit fusion genewas discovered during searches for Fhit homologs in flies and worms because the fly/worm Nit polypeptide is fused to the 5'-end of the Fhit gene; the mammalian Nit gene family was discovered because of the NitFhit fusion gene, in searches for homologs to the Nit polypeptide of the NitFhit gene. Each of the Hit family member proteins is reported to have enzymatic activities toward putative substrates involving nucleosides or dinucleosides. Most surprisingly, each of the Hit family proteins discussed has been implicated in important DNA damage response pathways and/or tumor suppression pathways. And for each of them it has been difficult to assign definite substrates, to know if the substrates and catalytic products have biological functions, to know if that function is related to the DNA damage response and suppressor functions, and to precisely define the pathways through which tumor suppression occurs. When the fly Nit sequence was found at the 5'-end of the fly Fhit gene, this gene was hailed as a Rosetta stone gene/protein that would help in discovery of the function of Fhit, because the Nit protein should be in the same signal pathway (Pace et al., 2000). However, the mammalian Nit family proteins have turned out to be at least as mysterious as the Fhit proteins, with the Nit1 substrate still unknown and the surprising finding that Nit proteins also appear to behave as tumor suppressor proteins. Whether the predicted enzymatic functions of these proteins are relevant to the observed biological functions, remain among the outstanding unanswered puzzles and raise the question: have these mammalian proteins evolved beyond the putative original enzymatic purpose, such that the catalytic function is now vestigial and subservient to signal pathways that use the protein-substrate complexes in pathways that signal apoptosis or DNA damage response? Or can these proteins be fulfilling catalytic functions independently but in parallel with signal pathway functions, as perhaps observed for Aprataxin? Or is the catalytic function indeed part of the observed biological functions, such as apoptosis and tumor suppression? Perhaps the recent, post-genomic focus on metabolomics and genome-wide investigations of signal pathway networks will lead to answers to some of these outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Huebner
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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Saldivar JC, Shibata H, Huebner K. Pathology and biology associated with the fragile FHIT gene and gene product. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:858-65. [PMID: 20082323 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
More than 12 years and >800 scientific publications after the discovery of the first gene at a chromosome fragile site, the FHIT gene at FRA3B, there are still questions to pursue concerning the selective advantage conferred to cells by loss of expression of FHIT, the most frequent target of allele deletion in precancerous lesions and cancers. These questions are considered in light of recent investigations of genetic and epigenetic alterations to the locus and in a retrospective consideration of biological roles of the Fhit protein discovered through functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Saldivar
- Integrated Biomedical Science Graduate Program, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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15
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Fhit loss in lung preneoplasia: relation to DNA damage response checkpoint activation. Cancer Lett 2010; 291:230-6. [PMID: 19931269 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Loss of heterozygosity at the FHIT locus is coincident with activation of DNA damage response checkpoint proteins; thus damage at fragile loci may trigger checkpoint activation. We examined preneoplastic lesions adjacent to non-small cell lung carcinomas for alterations to expression of Fhit and activated checkpoint proteins. Expression scores were analyzed for pair-wise associations and correlations among proteins and type of lesion. Hyperplastic and dysplastic lesions were positive for nuclear gammaH2AX expression; 12/20 dysplastic lesions were negative for Fhit expression. Fhit positive lesions showed expression of most checkpoint proteins examined, while Fhit negative lesions showed absence of expression of Chk1 and phosphoChk1. The results show that loss of expression of Fhit is significantly directly correlated with absence of activated Chk1 in dysplasia, and suggest a connection between loss of Fhit and modulation of checkpoint activity.
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16
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Hiraoka H, Minami K, Kaneko N, Shimokawa Miyama T, Mizuno T, Okuda M. Molecular cloning of the canine fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene and Fhit protein expression in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:645-9. [PMID: 19498293 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene has been studied as a tumor-associated gene in humans. The aberrant FHIT gene and its protein expression have been reported in many types of human cancers. The present study explored the canine FHIT gene structure and its protein expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy dogs by RT-PCR, RACE and immunoblot analysis. The obtained canine FHIT gene contained nine small exons and was located on canine chromosome 20. Furthermore, we identified an alternative splicing form of the FHIT transcript. The deduced amino acid sequence was well conserved between species, and anti-human Fhit antibody could be used to detect the canine Fhit protein. These findings will be useful for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Hiraoka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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17
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Okumura H, Ishii H, Pichiorri F, Croce CM, Mori M, Huebner K. Fragile gene product, Fhit, in oxidative and replicative stress responses. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:1145-50. [PMID: 19486340 PMCID: PMC11159339 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the fragile histidine triad gene product, Fhit, was discovered and characterized as a tumor suppressor 13 years ago, its sequence, structure, and cellular location did not provide clues to aid discovery of its mechanisms of suppression. Recently, using chemical cross-linkers and immunoprecipitation, a Fhit protein complex was identified that includes Hsp60 and Hsp10 which may mediate Fhit stability and mitochondrial localization, where Fhit binds and stabilizes ferredoxin reductase (Fdxr); when Fdxr is overexpressed, it can lead to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induce apoptosis. Cancer cells expressing endogenous or exogenous Fhit, when exposed to H(2)O(2), an oxidative stress, produce higher levels of apoptosis-inducing ROS than matched, Fhit-negative cells; the Fhit-negative cancer cells survive, carrying DNA damage. In addition to this mitochondrial function, Fhit-overexpression in cancer cells exposed to replicative stress-inducing agents leads to enhanced caspase 3 activation and apoptosis, due to defective Chk1 activation. Thus, damage to the fragile FHIT locus leads to reduced expression of Fhit protein, and makes a two-pronged contribution to development of preneoplastic clonal expansion: (1) absence or reduction of Fhit leads to reduced expression of Fdxr and reduced ROS-induced apoptosis; (2) cells that escape ROS- or replicative stress-induced apoptosis can carry misrepaired DNA damage. The aberrant DNA damage response checkpoint in Fhit-deficient preneoplasias and cancers may make these lesions targets for inhibitors of proteins such as Parp1 and Chk1 with important roles in checkpoint responses, as observed for BRCA1-deficient cancer cells that also exhibit DNA damage repair deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Okumura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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18
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Ferens B, Kawiak A, Banecki B, Bielawski KP, Zawacka-Pankau J. Aberration of the enzymatic activity of Fhit tumor suppressor protein enhances cancer cell death upon photodynamic therapy similarly to that driven by wild-type Fhit. Cancer Lett 2009; 280:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Guler G, Huebner K, Himmetoglu C, Jimenez RE, Costinean S, Volinia S, Pilarski RT, Hayran M, Shapiro CL. Fragile histidine triad protein, WW domain-containing oxidoreductase protein Wwox, and activator protein 2gamma expression levels correlate with basal phenotype in breast cancer. Cancer 2009; 115:899-908. [PMID: 19130459 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of fragile histidine triad protein (Fhit) and WW domain-containing oxidoreductase protein (Wwox), tumor suppressors that are encoded by fragile (FRA) loci FRA3B and FRA16D, are lost concordantly in breast cancers. In the current study, the authors examined correlations among Fhit, Wwox, the activator protein 2 transcription factors AP2alpha and AP2gamma, cytokeratins 5 and 6 (CK5/6), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) and their associations with breast cancer phenotypes. METHODS Tissue microarrays constructed from 837 breast cancer blocks were immunostained. Expression in >10% of tumor cells was considered positive for cytoplasmic CK5/6, membranous EGFR, and nuclear AP2alpha and AP2gamma. Cytoplasmic Fhit and Wwox staining was scored according to staining intensity. ER, PR, and HER-2 status of tumors was derived from records. Correlations among immunohistochemical markers and tumor subtypes were assessed by univariate and multivariate statistical methods. RESULTS Triple-negative tumors had more frequent expression of EGFR, CK5/6 (P < .001), and AP2gamma (P = .003) and more frequent loss of Fhit and Wwox (P < .001), and an inverse correlation was observed between Fhit, Wwox expression and EGFR, ER, and PR expression (P < .001). Reduced Fhit expression was more common in HER-2-positive and AP2gamma-positive cases (P < .001 and P = .002, respectively). There was a direct correlation noted between Fhit and Wwox (P < .001) and a borderline positive relation between AP2alpha and AP2gamma (P = .054). CONCLUSIONS The results from this investigation suggested that reduced expression levels of Fhit, Wwox, and nuclear AP2gamma have roles in the pathogenesis of basal-like differentiation in breast cancer. Alteration in the expression of fragile site genes occurs in most of these cancers and may contribute to defects in DNA repair, as observed in breast cancer 1 (BRCA1)-deficient cancers. Thus, DNA damage response checkpoint proteins may be targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnur Guler
- Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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HIRAOKA H, MINAMI K, KANEKO N, SHIMOKAWA MIYAMA T, OKAMURA Y, MIZUNO T, OKUDA M. Aberrations of the FHIT Gene and Fhit Protein in Canine Lymphoma Cell Lines. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:769-77. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko HIRAOKA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | - Koji MINAMI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | - Naoki KANEKO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | | | - Yasuhiko OKAMURA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
| | - Takuya MIZUNO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | - Masaru OKUDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
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Li H, Balajee AS, Su T, Cen B, Hei TK, Weinstein IB. The HINT1 tumor suppressor regulates both gamma-H2AX and ATM in response to DNA damage. J Cell Biol 2008; 183:253-65. [PMID: 18852295 PMCID: PMC2568022 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200711150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hint1 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene and the underlying molecular mechanisms for its tumor suppressor function are unknown. In this study we demonstrate that HINT1 participates in ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage responses. In response to IR, HINT1 is recruited to IR-induced foci (IRIF) and associates with gamma-H2AX and ATM. HINT1 deficiency does not affect the formation of gamma-H2AX foci; however, it impairs the removal of gamma-H2AX foci after DNA damage and this is associated with impaired acetylation of gamma-H2AX. HINT1 deficiency also impairs acetylation of ATM and activation of ATM and its downstream effectors, and retards DNA repair, in response to IR. HINT1-deficient cells exhibit resistance to IR-induced apoptosis and several types of chromosomal abnormalities. Our findings suggest that the tumor suppressor function of HINT1 is caused by, at least in part, its normal role in enhancing cellular responses to DNA damage by regulating the functions of both gamma-H2AX and ATM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Li
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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22
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Becker K, Goldberg M, Helmbold P, Holbach LM, Loeffler KU, Ballhausen WG. Deletions of BRCA1/2 and p53 R248W gain-of-function mutation suggest impaired homologous recombination repair in fragile histidine triad-negative sebaceous gland carcinomas. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159:1282-9. [PMID: 18717684 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08783.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sebaceous gland carcinomas represent rare malignancies of the skin and some 60% of them demonstrate high-grade microsatellite instability on the background of a defective mismatch repair system. However, a significant fraction of periocular sebaceous gland carcinomas exhibits microsatellite stability associated with a frequent loss of the candidate tumour suppressor fragile histidine triad (FHIT). OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that in those sebaceous gland carcinomas with microsatellite stability and loss of FHIT, effector molecules participating in homologous recombination repair (HRR), such as BRCA1/2, could be somatically inactivated. METHODS A pilot series of 10 paraffin-embedded sebaceous gland carcinoma specimens with a defined FHIT status was studied for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events in the genes BRCA1, BRCA2, FHIT and WWOX. We sequenced the coding exons 5-8 of the p53 gene. RESULTS Sebaceous gland carcinomas with FHIT negativity displayed LOH and biallelic deletions of the BRCA1 gene in five of 10 (50%) of the sebaceous gland carcinoma specimens analysed. Tumour-specific genomic losses close to BRCA2 were also uncovered. A homozygous p53 R248W gain-of-function mutation as the result of a CGG to TGG transition was identified in one of seven sebaceous gland carcinomas. It has been demonstrated previously that p53 R248W mutants inactivate ATM-directed HRR. This particular sebaceous gland carcinoma presented with concomitant genomic deletions at the BRCA1 and BRCA2 loci, and also at the constitutively fragile sites FRA3B/FHIT and FRA16D/WWOX. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates for the first time that microsatellite-stable FHIT-negative sebaceous gland carcinomas accumulate mutations that target central components of the HRR network. This observation will prompt investigations in synthetic lethality of BRCA-deficient sebaceous gland carcinomas by therapeutic poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Becker
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Sektion Molek. GI Onkologie, Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
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23
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Pichiorri F, Ishii H, Okumura H, Trapasso F, Wang Y, Huebner K. Molecular parameters of genome instability: Roles of fragile genes at common fragile sites. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:1525-33. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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24
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Trapasso F, Pichiorri F, Gaspari M, Palumbo T, Aqeilan RI, Gaudio E, Okumura H, Iuliano R, Di Leva G, Fabbri M, Birk DE, Raso C, Green-Church K, Spagnoli LG, Venuta S, Huebner K, Croce CM. Fhit interaction with ferredoxin reductase triggers generation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis of cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:13736-44. [PMID: 18319262 PMCID: PMC2376222 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m709062200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fhit protein is lost in most cancers, its restoration suppresses tumorigenicity, and virus-mediated FHIT gene therapy induces apoptosis and suppresses tumors in preclinical models. We have used protein cross-linking and proteomics methods to characterize a Fhit protein complex involved in triggering Fhit-mediated apoptosis. The complex includes Hsp60 and Hsp10 that mediate Fhit stability and may affect import into mitochondria, where it interacts with ferredoxin reductase, responsible for transferring electrons from NADPH to cytochrome P450 via ferredoxin. Viral-mediated Fhit restoration increases production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, followed by increased apoptosis of lung cancer cells under oxidative stress conditions; conversely, Fhit-negative cells escape apoptosis, carrying serious oxidative DNA damage that may contribute to an increased mutation rate. Characterization of Fhit interacting proteins has identified direct effectors of the Fhit-mediated apoptotic pathway that is lost in most cancers through loss of Fhit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Trapasso
- Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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25
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Fhit-Deficient Hematopoietic Stem Cells Survive Hydroquinone Exposure Carrying Precancerous Changes. Cancer Res 2008; 68:3662-70. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-5687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Yutori H, Semba S, Komori T, Yokozaki H. Restoration of fragile histidine triad expression restores Chk2 activity in response to ionizing radiation in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:524-30. [PMID: 18167129 PMCID: PMC11158888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Early in tumorigenesis, a DNA damage-response network is activated in preneoplastic cells that delays or prevents cancer. Activation of the Chk2 G(2)/M checkpoint kinase and loss of fragile histidine triad (Fhit) tumor suppressor expression increase cellular susceptibility to DNA-damaging 'oncogenic' stressors, particularly in precursor or precancerous lesions. To understand the mechanism of oral carcinogenesis, we assessed the association between phosphorylated Chk2 (pChk2) and Fhit expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Loss of Fhit expression was an early event during oral carcinogenesis, whereas a decrease in the number of pChk2-positive cells was associated with tumor progression. Although tyrosine 114 is known to be essential to Fhit's tumor-suppressing activity, both wild-type and tyrosine 114 mutant Fhit increased the population of subG(1) DNA-containing HSC-3 OSCC cells with elevated pChk2 levels. In particular, when cells were exposed to ionizing radiation, pChk2 levels were upregulated dramatically, as were those of its downstream target Cdc25C. Knockdown of Fhit with FHIT small interfering RNA diminished the ionizing radiation-induced Chk2 phosphorylation in HEK293 cells. Furthermore, Fhit-deficient mice demonstrated a decrease in the number of pChk2-positive cells not only in dysplastic lesions but also in N-nitrosobenzylamine-induced papilloma of the forestomach, suggesting that lack of Fhit expression and the resultant defects of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated-Chk2 pathway can cause a difference in the incidence of N-nitrosobenzylamine-induced forestomach lesions. These findings suggest that Fhit plays a key role in the regulation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated-Chk2 DNA damage response during oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Yutori
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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27
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Lindholm P, Salmenkivi K, Vauhkonen H, Nicholson A, Anttila S, Kinnula V, Knuutila S. Gene copy number analysis in malignant pleural mesothelioma using oligonucleotide array CGH. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 119:46-52. [DOI: 10.1159/000109618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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28
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Fisher DI, McLennan AG. Correlation of intracellular diadenosine triphosphate (Ap3A) with apoptosis in Fhit-positive HEK293 cells. Cancer Lett 2007; 259:186-91. [PMID: 18006149 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The pro-apoptotic Fhit tumor suppressor protein binds and hydrolyses diadenosine triphosphate (Ap3A) and diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) in vitro. We have measured the level of both these nucleotides in Fhit-positive HEK293 cells exposed to various apoptosis inducers. Cold shock, anti-Fas, cadmium ions and etoposide all increased the basal level of Ap4A of 0.500pmol/10(6)cells by about 50%. However, the corresponding increases in Ap3A from a basal 0.079pmol/10(6)cells correlated closely with the degree of apoptosis produced, up to a maximum of 0.510pmol/10(6)cells with etoposide. These results support the view that Ap3A is the in vivo Fhit ligand and that an inhibition of Fhit activity is a key element in Fhit-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Fisher
- Cell Regulation and Signalling Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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