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Jevšinek Skok D, Bolha L, Hauptman N. Preservation of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Levels in LRIG1 across Genomic DNA and Cell-Free DNA in Glioma Patients. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:535. [PMID: 38790164 PMCID: PMC11120963 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has recently emerged as a promising minimally invasive diagnostic biomarker for various cancers. In this study, our aim was to identify cfDNA biomarkers by investigating genes that displayed significant differences between glioma patients and their corresponding controls. To accomplish this, we utilized publicly available data from the Gene Expression Omnibus, focusing on 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) profiles in both cfDNA and genomic DNA (gDNA) from glioma patients and healthy individuals. The intersection of gene lists derived from these comparative analyses unveiled LRIG1 and ZNF703 as the two genes with elevated 5hmC levels in both the cfDNA of glioma patients and gDNA of glioma tissue compared to their respective controls. The gene expression data revealed both genes were upregulated in glioma tissue compared to normal brain tissue. Integration of 5hmC data revealed a strong positive correlation in the glioma tissue group between 5hmC and the gene expression of the LRIG1 gene. Furthermore, exploration using the AmiCa web tool indicated that LRIG1 gene expression was elevated compared to 17 other cancers included in the database, emphasizing its potential as a distinctive biomarker across multiple cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daša Jevšinek Skok
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Bolha
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Hauptman
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Li L, Zhang Y, Yang K, Liu W, Zhou Z, Xu Y. miRNA-449c-5p regulates the JAK-STAT pathway in inhibiting cell proliferation and invasion in human breast cancer cells by targeting ERBB2. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e1974. [PMID: 38351535 PMCID: PMC10864726 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a highly prevalent disease worldwide, and early diagnosis and treatment could reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer patients. microRNAs (miRNA) have been shown to regulate the occurrences and progression of many types of cancers. Thus, it is crucial to find novel biomarkers in breast cancer. miR-449c-5p acted as a biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer, gastric carcinoma, and so forth. ERBB2 is an ideal target for breast cancer therapy. However, the molecular mechanisms between miR-449c-5p and ERBB2 in breast cancer remain poorly understood. Our study focused on the regulatory role of miR-449c-5p in breast cancer and its targeting relationship with ERBB2. METHODS The miR-449c-5p expression in breast cancer tissue and normal tissue was searched from the online database (Starbase). The clinical prognosis of miR-449c-5p and ERBB2 was predicted by using the Kaplan-Meier analysis method. The expression of miR-449c-5p mimics and inhibitors was measured by qRT-PCR. T47D cells were transfected with miR-449c-5p mimics and miR-449c-5p inhibitors. After that, CCK-8, colony formation assays and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the cell proliferation ability, migration and invasion. Whether ERBB2 was the target gene of the miR-449c-5p was predicted by Starbase and verified by dual-luciferase activity assay. In addition, protein levels and the relationship between signalling pathways were measured and validated using western blotting analysis. RESULTS We confirmed that miR-449c-5p was highly expressed in breast cancer tissue, and its downregulation was linked with poor prognosis. Overexpression of miR-449c-5p inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. ERBB2 was a target of miR-449c-5p. The invasion, migration, and proliferation of breast cancer cells were inhibited by miR-449c-5p/ERBB2 through JAK-STAT. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that miR-449c-5p inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting ERBB2 via JAK/STAT, which means miR-449c-5p, is a potential biomarker for breast cancer and provides a novel insight for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryThe First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Yangqiurong Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryThe First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Kunxian Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryThe First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryThe First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Ziting Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryThe First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryThe First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
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Jenkins BD, Rossi E, Pichardo C, Wooten W, Pichardo M, Tang W, Dorsey TH, Ajao A, Hutchison R, Moubadder L, McCullough LE, Bailey-Whyte M, Ambs S. Neighborhood Deprivation and DNA Methylation and Expression of Cancer Genes in Breast Tumors. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2341651. [PMID: 37930698 PMCID: PMC10628736 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.41651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance The biological processes that underlie the association of neighborhood environment with chronic diseases, such as cancer, remain poorly understood. Objective To determine whether differences in breast tissue DNA methylation are associated with neighborhood deprivation among Black and White women with breast cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study collected breast tissue from women undergoing surgery for breast cancer between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 2003. Participants were recruited through the University of Maryland Medical Center, with additional collection sites at Baltimore-area hospitals. Data analysis was performed from March 1 through December 1, 2022. Exposure Year 2000 census tract-level socioeconomic deprivation measured via neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) as a standardized score, with Black and White race being ascertained through self-report. Main Outcome and Measures The primary outcome was tissue DNA methylation using genome-wide measurements. The secondary outcome was tissue gene expression. Results Participants included 185 women with breast cancer (110 Black [59.5%], 75 White [40.5%]). Mean (SD) age at surgery was 56.0 (14.1) years. Neighborhood deprivation was higher for Black women than for White women (Mean [SD] NDI, 2.96 [3.03] for Black women and -0.54 [1.91] for White women; difference, -3.50; 95% CI, -4.22 to -2.79; P < .001). In unstratified analysis, 8 hypomethylated CpG sites were identified as associated with the NDI, including sites in 2 tumor suppressor genes, LRIG1 and WWOX. Moreover, expression of the 2 genes inversely correlated with neighborhood deprivation. In the race-stratified analysis, the negative correlation between the LRIG1 gene body CpG site cg26131019 and the NDI remained significant in Black women. A neighborhood deprivation-associated decrease in gene expression was also observed for LRIG1 and WWOX in tumors from Black women. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, high neighborhood deprivation was associated with differences in tissue DNA methylation and gene expression among Black women. These findings suggest that continued investment in public health interventions and policy changes at the neighborhood level may help to remedy biological alterations that could make minoritized populations more susceptible to chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany D. Jenkins
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emily Rossi
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Catherine Pichardo
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - William Wooten
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Margaret Pichardo
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
- Data Science & Artificial Intelligence, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Tiffany H. Dorsey
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anuoluwapo Ajao
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ruby Hutchison
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leah Moubadder
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lauren E. McCullough
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maeve Bailey-Whyte
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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4
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Piracha ZZ, Saeed U. Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1 (LRIG1) is downregulated in Invasive ductal carcinoma and potential prognostic marker of breast cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:1870-1879. [PMID: 38376291 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_105_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LRIG1 belongs to the family of transmembrane proteins containing leucine-rich repeats. LRIGs are considered as tumor suppressors as they negatively regulate receptor tyrosine kinases. The role of LRIG1 as an EGFR regulator makes it an important marker to be studied in various epithelial-derived cancers. METHODS LRIG1 expression was determined in Erbb2 + cell lines by western blotting, and cell motility was examined by cell migration assay. The AKT/GSK3-β/β-catenin pathway was determined in the presence of LRIG1 and Erbb2 by using western blotting. RESULTS So far, no study has reported the expression of LRIG1 in benign forms of tumor such as fibroadenoma. The current study aims to analyze LRIG1 expression in fibroadenoma and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) tissues. In this study, we compared the LRIG1 expression with different clinicopathological parameters of patients having IDC or fibroadenoma. LRIG1 expression was low in Erbb2+ cell lines, and more cell motility was observed. The AKT/GSK3-β/β-catenin pathway was activated when LRIG1 was downregulated; consequently, Erbb2 was upregulated. Our results indicated that LRIG1 expression can be significantly correlated with age, Nottingham index, and Her2/neu status of cancer. The expression of LRIG1 in IDC and fibroadenoma were found to be significantly different. CONCLUSION The fibroadenoma tissue sections were found to express LRIG1 more intensely as compared to the IDC sections, which are in line with the studies reporting reduced copy number of the gene either due to gene deletion or transcriptional inhibition. This further supports that the downregulation of LRIG1 may lead to malignant tumor acting as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zahid Piracha
- International Center of Medical Sciences Research, Islamabad (44000) Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, AJOU University, San 5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16222-16713, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Umar Saeed
- International Center of Medical Sciences Research, Islamabad (44000) Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, AJOU University, San 5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16222-16713, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Cao F, Jiang Y, Chang L, Du H, Chang D, Pan C, Huang X, Yu D, Zhang M, Fan Y, Bian X, Li K. High-throughput functional screen identifies YWHAZ as a key regulator of pancreatic cancer metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:431. [PMID: 37452033 PMCID: PMC10349114 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer death due to its early metastasis and limited response to the current therapies. Metastasis is a complicated multistep process, which is determined by complex genetic alterations. Despite the identification of many metastasis-related genes, distinguishing the drivers from numerous passengers and establishing the causality in cancer pathophysiology remains challenging. Here, we established a high-throughput and piggyBac transposon-based genetic screening platform, which enables either reduced or increased expression of chromosomal genes near the incorporation site of the gene search vector cassette that contains a doxycycline-regulated promoter. Using this strategy, we identified YWHAZ as a key regulator of pancreatic cancer metastasis. We demonstrated that functional activation of Ywhaz by the gene search vector led to enhanced metastatic capability in mouse pancreatic cancer cells. The metastasis-promoting role of YWHAZ was further validated in human pancreatic cancer cells. Overexpression of YWHAZ resulted in more aggressive metastatic phenotypes in vitro and a shorter survival rate in vivo by modulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Hence, our study established a high-throughput screening method to investigate the functional relevance of novel genes and validated YWHAZ as a key regulator of pancreatic cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Endoscopy Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhen Du
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - De Chang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Pan
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Donglin Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongna Fan
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocui Bian
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China.
| | - Kailong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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KARABULUT UZUNÇAKMAK S, ŞAHİN A, TAVACI ÖZÇELİK A, HALICI Z. LRIG1 Levels in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.1230714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Nasal polyps (NPs), usually occurring together with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), are benign masses of mucosal origin arising from inflammation. The transmembrane protein known as leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (Lrig1) is a member of the Lrig family. Lrig1 is frequently expressed in the respiratory tract and epithelial tissues and can inhibit several signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to determine Lrig1 levels in NP tissues of patients with CRS.
Material and Methods: This study included 36 patients with CRS and NPs and 15 patients who underwent rhinoplasty as the control group. The Lrig1 levels of all participants were measured by the ELISA method.
Results: This study revealed that Lrig1 levels were significantly lower in NP tissues than in tissues of the control group. The mean level of Lrig1 of the NP tissues was 22.2 ng/ml, while the mean level of the control group was 28.5 ng/ml. According to the results of ROC analysis, Lrig1 levels have the power to distinguish polyp tissues from control tissues (AUC=0.794). Lrig1 levels were higher in tissues with scores of 4-8 than in tissues with scores of 16-20 based on the results of computed tomography scoring. According to endoscopic evaluations, Lrig1 levels of tissues with scores of 5-8 or 9-11 were relatively lower than those of tissues with scores of 2-4.
Conclusion: Lrig1 levels were found to be decreased in NP tissues. Thus, Lrig1 may be used to confirm the presence of NPs. Lrig1 may also be helpful in NP grading. Increasing the Lrig1 levels in cases of NPs has the potential to become a targetable treatment modality.
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VanderVorst K, Dreyer CA, Hatakeyama J, Bell GRR, Learn JA, Berg AL, Hernandez M, Lee H, Collins SR, Carraway KL. Vangl-dependent Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling mediates collective breast carcinoma motility and distant metastasis. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:52. [PMID: 37147680 PMCID: PMC10163820 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In light of the growing appreciation for the role of collective cell motility in metastasis, a deeper understanding of the underlying signaling pathways will be critical to translating these observations to the treatment of advanced cancers. Here, we examine the contribution of Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP), one of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways and defined by the involvement of the tetraspanin-like proteins Vangl1 and Vangl2, to breast tumor cell motility, collective cell invasiveness and mammary tumor metastasis. METHODS Vangl1 and Vangl2 knockdown and overexpression and Wnt5a stimulation were employed to manipulate Wnt/PCP signaling in a battery of breast cancer cell lines representing all breast cancer subtypes, and in tumor organoids from MMTV-PyMT mice. Cell migration was assessed by scratch and organoid invasion assays, Vangl protein subcellular localization was assessed by confocal fluorescence microscopy, and RhoA activation was assessed in real time by fluorescence imaging with an advanced FRET biosensor. The impact of Wnt/PCP suppression on mammary tumor growth and metastasis was assessed by determining the effect of conditional Vangl2 knockout on the MMTV-NDL mouse mammary tumor model. RESULTS We observed that Vangl2 knockdown suppresses the motility of all breast cancer cell lines examined, and overexpression drives the invasiveness of collectively migrating MMTV-PyMT organoids. Vangl2-dependent RhoA activity is localized in real time to a subpopulation of motile leader cells displaying a hyper-protrusive leading edge, Vangl protein is localized to leader cell protrusions within leader cells, and actin cytoskeletal regulator RhoA is preferentially activated in the leader cells of a migrating collective. Mammary gland-specific knockout of Vangl2 results in a striking decrease in lung metastases in MMTV-NDL mice, but does not impact primary tumor growth characteristics. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Vangl-dependent Wnt/PCP signaling promotes breast cancer collective cell migration independent of breast tumor subtype and facilitates distant metastasis in a genetically engineered mouse model of breast cancer. Our observations are consistent with a model whereby Vangl proteins localized at the leading edge of leader cells in a migrating collective act through RhoA to mediate the cytoskeletal rearrangements required for pro-migratory protrusion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacey VanderVorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Courtney A Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jason Hatakeyama
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - George R R Bell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Julie A Learn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anastasia L Berg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Maria Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sean R Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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8
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Umeh-Garcia M, O'Geen H, Simion C, Gephart MH, Segal DJ, Sweeney CA. Aberrant promoter methylation contributes to LRIG1 silencing in basal/triple-negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:436-448. [PMID: 35440669 PMCID: PMC9346006 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LRIG1, the founding member of the LRIG (leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain) family of transmembrane proteins, is a negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinases and a tumour suppressor. Decreased LRIG1 expression is consistently observed in cancer, across diverse tumour types, and is linked to poor patient prognosis. However, mechanisms by which LRIG1 is repressed are not fully understood. Silencing of LRIG1 through promoter CpG island methylation has been reported in colorectal and cervical cancer but studies in breast cancer remain limited. METHODS In silico analysis of human breast cancer patient data were used to demonstrate a correlation between DNA methylation and LRIG1 silencing in basal/triple-negative breast cancer, and its impact on patient survival. LRIG1 gene expression, protein abundance, and methylation enrichment were examined by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, immunoblotting, and methylation immunoprecipitation, respectively, in breast cancer cell lines in vitro. We examined the impact of global demethylation on LRIG1 expression and methylation enrichment using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. We also examined the effects of targeted demethylation of the LRIG1 CpG island, and transcriptional activation of LRIG1 expression, using the RNA guided deadCas9 transactivation system. RESULTS Across breast cancer subtypes, LRIG1 expression is lowest in the basal/triple-negative subtype so we investigated whether differential methylation may contribute to this. Indeed, we find that LRIG1 CpG island methylation is most prominent in basal/triple-negative cell lines and patient samples. Use of the global demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine decreases methylation leading to increased LRIG1 transcript expression in basal/triple-negative cell lines, while having no effect on LRIG1 expression in luminal/ER-positive cell lines. Using a CRISPR/deadCas9 (dCas9)-based targeting approach, we demonstrate that TET1-mediated demethylation (Tet1-dCas9) along with VP64-mediated transcriptional activation (VP64-dCas9) at the CpG island, increased endogenous LRIG1 expression in basal/triple-negative breast cancer cells, without transcriptional upregulation at predicted off-target sites. Activation of LRIG1 by the dCas9 transactivation system significantly increased LRIG1 protein abundance, reduced site-specific methylation, and reduced cancer cell viability. Our findings suggest that CRISPR-mediated targeted activation may be a feasible way to restore LRIG1 expression in cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our study contributes novel insight into mechanisms which repress LRIG1 in triple-negative breast cancer and demonstrates for the first time that targeted de-repression of LRIG1 in cancer cells is possible. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms associated with repression of tumour suppressor genes holds potential for the advancement of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Umeh-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | | - Catalina Simion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - David J Segal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Colleen A Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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9
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Vascular mimicry: A potential therapeutic target in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 234:153922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Berg AL, Rowson-Hodel A, Hu M, Keeling M, Wu H, VanderVorst K, Chen JJ, Hatakeyama J, Jilek J, Dreyer CA, Wheeler MR, Yu AM, Li Y, Carraway KL. The Cationic Amphiphilic Drug Hexamethylene Amiloride Eradicates Bulk Breast Cancer Cells and Therapy-Resistant Subpopulations with Similar Efficiencies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040949. [PMID: 35205696 PMCID: PMC8869814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance of cancer cell subpopulations, including cancer stem cell (CSC) populations, to apoptosis-inducing chemotherapeutic agents is a key barrier to improved outcomes for cancer patients. The cationic amphiphilic drug hexamethylene amiloride (HMA) has been previously demonstrated to efficiently kill bulk breast cancer cells independent of tumor subtype or species but acts poorly toward non-transformed cells derived from multiple tissues. Here, we demonstrate that HMA is similarly cytotoxic toward breast CSC-related subpopulations that are resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, but poorly cytotoxic toward normal mammary stem cells. HMA inhibits the sphere-forming capacity of FACS-sorted human and mouse mammary CSC-related cells in vitro, specifically kills tumor but not normal mammary organoids ex vivo, and inhibits metastatic outgrowth in vivo, consistent with CSC suppression. Moreover, HMA inhibits viability and sphere formation by lung, colon, pancreatic, brain, liver, prostate, and bladder tumor cell lines, suggesting that its effects may be applicable to multiple malignancies. Our observations expose a key vulnerability intrinsic to cancer stem cells and point to novel strategies for the exploitation of cationic amphiphilic drugs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia L. Berg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ashley Rowson-Hodel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Michelle Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Michael Keeling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kacey VanderVorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jenny J. Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jason Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Joseph Jilek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Courtney A. Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Madelyn R. Wheeler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kermit L. Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Correspondence:
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11
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Kheirolomoom A, Kare AJ, Ingham ES, Paulmurugan R, Robinson ER, Baikoghli M, Inayathullah M, Seo JW, Wang J, Fite BZ, Wu B, Tumbale SK, Raie MN, Cheng RH, Nichols L, Borowsky AD, Ferrara KW. In situ T-cell transfection by anti-CD3-conjugated lipid nanoparticles leads to T-cell activation, migration, and phenotypic shift. Biomaterials 2022; 281:121339. [PMID: 35078042 PMCID: PMC8892572 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo programming of T cells can be efficacious but is complex and expensive; therefore, the development of methods to transfect T cells in situ is important. We developed and optimized anti-CD3-targeted lipid nanoparticles (aCD3-LNPs) to deliver tightly packed, reporter gene mRNA specifically to T cells. In vitro, targeted LNPs efficiently delivered mCherry mRNA to Jurkat T cells, and T-cell activation and depletion were associated with aCD3 antibody coating on the surface of LNPs. aCD3-LNPs, but not non-targeted LNPs, accumulated within the spleen following systemic injection, with mCherry and Fluc signals visible within 30 min after injection. At 24 h after aCD3-LNP injection, 2-4% of all splenic T cells and 2-7% of all circulating T cells expressed mCherry, and this was dependent on aCD3 coating density. Targeting and transfection were accompanied by systemic CD25+, OX40+, and CD69+ T-cell activation with temporary CD3e ligand loss and depletion of splenic and circulating subsets. Migration of splenic CD8a+ T cells from the white-pulp to red-pulp, and differentiation from naïve to memory and effector phenotypes, followed upon aCD3-LNP delivery. Additionally, aCD3-LNP injection stimulated the secretion of myeloid-derived chemokines and T-helper cytokines into plasma. Lastly, we administered aCD3-LNPs to tumor bearing mice and found that transfected T cells localized within tumors and tumor-draining lymph nodes following immunotherapy treatment. In summary, we show that CD3-targeted transfection is feasible, yet associated with complex immunological consequences that must be further studied for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aris J. Kare
- Stanford University, Department of Bioengineering,
Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Ingham
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | - Mo Baikoghli
- University of California, Davis, Department of Molecular
and Cellular Biology, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Jai W. Seo
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto,
CA, USA
| | - James Wang
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto,
CA, USA
| | - Brett Z. Fite
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto,
CA, USA
| | - Bo Wu
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto,
CA, USA
| | | | - Marina N. Raie
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto,
CA, USA
| | - R. Holland Cheng
- University of California, Davis, Department of Molecular
and Cellular Biology, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Nichols
- Stanford Shared FACS Facility, Stanford University,
Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Katherine W. Ferrara
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto,
CA, USA,Corresponding author: Katherine W. Ferrara, PhD,
Professor and Division Chief, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department
of Radiology, 3165 Porter Drive, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304,
Phone: (650)723-8906,
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12
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Succony L, Gómez-López S, Pennycuick A, Alhendi ASN, Davies D, Clarke SE, Gowers KHC, Wright NA, Jensen KB, Janes SM. Lrig1 expression identifies airway basal cells with high proliferative capacity and restricts lung squamous cell carcinoma growth. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.00816-2020. [PMID: 34385275 PMCID: PMC8968013 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00816-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) accounts for a significant proportion of cancer deaths worldwide, and is preceded by the appearance of progressively disorganised pre-invasive lesions in the airway epithelium. Yet the biological mechanisms underlying progression of pre-invasive lesions into invasive LUSC are not fully understood. LRIG1 (leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1) is downregulated in pre-invasive airway lesions and invasive LUSC tumours and this correlates with decreased lung cancer patient survival. Methods and results Using an Lrig1 knock-in reporter mouse and human airway epithelial cells collected at bronchoscopy, we show that during homeostasis LRIG1 is heterogeneously expressed in the airway epithelium. In basal airway epithelial cells, the suspected cell of origin of LUSC, LRIG1 identifies a subpopulation of progenitor cells with higher in vitro proliferative and self-renewal potential in both the mouse and human. Using the N-nitroso-tris-chloroethylurea (NTCU)-induced murine model of LUSC, we find that Lrig1 loss-of-function leads to abnormally high cell proliferation during the earliest stages of pre-invasive disease and to the formation of significantly larger invasive tumours, suggesting accelerated disease progression. Conclusion Together, our findings identify LRIG1 as a marker of basal airway progenitor cells with high proliferative potential and as a regulator of pre-invasive lung cancer progression. This work highlights the clinical relevance of LRIG1 and the potential of the NTCU-induced LUSC model for functional assessment of candidate tumour suppressors and oncogenes. LRIG1 is lost in development of squamous cell lung cancers. This study shows that LRIG1 marks basal airway progenitor cells with high proliferative potential and regulates progression of pre-invasive squamous cell lung cancer.https://bit.ly/3AbPtY3
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Succony
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sandra Gómez-López
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Adam Pennycuick
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ahmed S N Alhendi
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Derek Davies
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Clarke
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kate H C Gowers
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas A Wright
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kim B Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
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13
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Guo J, Zhong X, Tan Q, Yang S, Liao J, Zhuge J, Hong Z, Deng Q, Zuo Q. miR-301a-3p induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates the occurrence and transmission of trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:696. [PMID: 34257270 PMCID: PMC8277821 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab resistance negatively influences the clinical efficacy of the therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive gastric cancer (GC), and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Exploring the mechanisms and finding effective approaches to address trastuzumab resistance are of great necessity. Here, we confirmed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced trastuzumab resistance by up-regulating miR-301a-3p in HER2-positive GC cells. Moreover, we elucidated that miR-301a-3p mediated trastuzumab resistance by down-regulating the expression of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains containing protein 1 (LRIG1) and subsequently activating the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) under ER stress. We also found that intercellular transfer of miR-301a-3p by exosomes disseminated trastuzumab resistance. The present study demonstrated that exosomal miR-301a-3p could serve as a non-invasive biomarker for trastuzumab resistance, which was maybe a novel potential therapeutic target to overcome trastuzumab resistance and improve the curative effect of trastuzumab in HER2-positive GC patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Trastuzumab/pharmacology
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510080
| | - Xuxian Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Qinglin Tan
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
- Department of Oncology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China, 523059
| | - Shengnan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Jiaqi Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Jinke Zhuge
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Ziyang Hong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Qiong Deng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Qiang Zuo
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515.
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14
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Morales-Guadarrama G, García-Becerra R, Méndez-Pérez EA, García-Quiroz J, Avila E, Díaz L. Vasculogenic Mimicry in Breast Cancer: Clinical Relevance and Drivers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071758. [PMID: 34359928 PMCID: PMC8304745 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In solid tumors, vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is the formation of vascular structures by cancer cells, allowing to generate a channel-network able to transport blood and tumor cells. While angiogenesis is undertaken by endothelial cells, VM is assumed by cancer cells. Besides the participation of VM in tumor neovascularization, the clinical relevance of this process resides in its ability to favor metastasis and to drive resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. VM occurs in many tumor types, including breast cancer, where it has been associated with a more malignant phenotype, such as triple-negative and HER2-positive tumors. The latter may be explained by known drivers of VM, like hypoxia, TGFB, TWIST1, EPHA2, VEGF, matrix metalloproteinases, and other tumor microenvironment-derived factors, which altogether induce the transformation of tumor cells to a mesenchymal phenotype with a high expression rate of stemness markers. This review analyzes the current literature in the field, including the participation of some microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in VM-regulation and tumorigenesis of breast cancer. Considering the clinical relevance of VM and its association with the tumor phenotype and clinicopathological parameters, further studies are granted to target VM in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Morales-Guadarrama
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (G.M.-G.); (E.A.M.-P.); (J.G.-Q.); (E.A.)
| | - Rocío García-Becerra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Edgar Armando Méndez-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (G.M.-G.); (E.A.M.-P.); (J.G.-Q.); (E.A.)
| | - Janice García-Quiroz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (G.M.-G.); (E.A.M.-P.); (J.G.-Q.); (E.A.)
| | - Euclides Avila
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (G.M.-G.); (E.A.M.-P.); (J.G.-Q.); (E.A.)
| | - Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (G.M.-G.); (E.A.M.-P.); (J.G.-Q.); (E.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(55)-5487-0900
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15
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Zhang N, Foiret J, Kheirolomoom A, Liu P, Feng Y, Tumbale S, Raie M, Wu B, Wang J, Fite BZ, Dai Z, Ferrara KW. Optimization of microbubble-based DNA vaccination with low-frequency ultrasound for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4. [PMID: 34632048 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is an important cancer treatment strategy; nevertheless, the lack of robust immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment remains a factor in limiting patient response rates. In vivo gene delivery protocols can amplify immune responses and sensitize tumors to immunotherapies, yet non-viral transfection methods often sacrifice transduction efficiency for improved safety tolerance. To improve transduction efficiency, we optimized a strategy employing low ultrasound transmission frequency-induced bubble oscillation to introduce plasmids into tumor cells. Differential centrifugation isolated size-specific microbubbles. The diameter of the small microbubble population was 1.27 ± 0.89 μm and that of larger population was 4.23 ± 2.27 μm. Upon in vitro insonation with the larger microbubble population, 29.7% of cancer cells were transfected with DNA plasmids, higher than that with smaller microbubbles (18.9%, P <0.05) or positive control treatments with a commercial transfection reagent (12%, P < 0.01). After 48 h, gene expression increased more than two-fold in tumors treated with large, as compared with small, microbubbles. Furthermore, the immune response, including tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells and F4/80+ macrophages, was enhanced. We believe that this safe and efficacious method can improve preclinical procedures and outcomes for DNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Josquin Foiret
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Pei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Spencer Tumbale
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Marina Raie
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - James Wang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Brett Z Fite
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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16
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Hoesl C, Fröhlich T, Posch C, Kneitz H, Goebeler M, Schneider MR, Dahlhoff M. The transmembrane protein LRIG1 triggers melanocytic tumor development following chemically induced skin carcinogenesis. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2140-2155. [PMID: 33786987 PMCID: PMC8495683 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer has increased tremendously in recent years. Although novel treatment options have significantly improved patient outcomes, the prognosis for most patients with an advanced disease remains dismal. It is, thus, imperative to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in skin carcinogenesis in order to develop new targeted treatment strategies. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) like the ERBB receptor family, including EGFR/ERBB1, ERBB2/NEU, ERBB3, and ERBB4, are important regulators of skin homeostasis and their dysregulation often results in cancer, which makes them attractive therapeutic targets. Members of the leucine‐rich repeats and immunoglobulin‐like domains protein family (LRIG1‐3) are ERBB regulators and thus potential therapeutic targets to manipulate ERBB receptors. Here, we analyzed the function of LRIG1 during chemically induced skin carcinogenesis in transgenic mice expressing LRIG1 in the skin under the control of the keratin 5 promoter (LRIG1‐TG mice). We observed a significant induction of melanocytic tumor formation in LRIG1‐TG mice and no difference in papilloma incidence between LRIG1‐TG and control mice. Our findings also revealed that LRIG1 affects ERBB signaling via decreased phosphorylation of EGFR and increased activation of the oncoprotein ERBB2 during skin carcinogenesis. The epidermal proliferation rate was significantly decreased during epidermal tumorigenesis under LRIG1 overexpression, and the apoptosis marker cleaved caspase 3 was significantly activated in the epidermis of transgenic LRIG1 mice. Additionally, we detected LRIG1 expression in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma samples. Therefore, we depleted LRIG1 in human melanoma cells (A375) by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and found that this caused EGFR and ERBB3 downregulation in A375 LRIG1 knockout cells 6 h following stimulation with EGF. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that LRIG1‐TG mice develop melanocytic skin tumors during chemical skin carcinogenesis and a deletion of LRIG1 in human melanoma cells reduces EGFR and ERBB3 expression after EGF stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hoesl
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU München, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU München, Germany
| | - Christian Posch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar - TU München, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud Universität Wien, Austria
| | - Hermann Kneitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU München, Germany
| | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of In vivo and In vitro Models, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Ji Y, Kumar R, Gokhale A, Chao HP, Rycaj K, Chen X, Li Q, Tang DG. LRIG1, a regulator of stem cell quiescence and a pleiotropic feedback tumor suppressor. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 82:120-133. [PMID: 33476721 PMCID: PMC8286266 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
LRIG1, leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1, was discovered more than 20 years ago and has been shown to be downregulated or lost, and to function as a tumor suppressor in several cancers. Another well-reported biological function of LRIG1 is to regulate and help enforce the quiescence of adult stem cells (SCs). In both contexts, LRIG1 regulates SC quiescence and represses tumor growth via, primarily, antagonizing the expression and activities of ERBB and other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). We have recently reported that in treatment-naïve human prostate cancer (PCa), LRIG1 is primarily regulated by androgen receptor (AR) and is prominently overexpressed. In castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), both LRIG1 and AR expression becomes heterogeneous and, frequently, discordant. Importantly, in both androgen-dependent PCa and CRPC models, LRIG1 exhibits tumor-suppressive functions. Moreover, LRIG1 induction inhibits the growth of pre-established AR+ and AR− PCa. Here, upon a brief introduction of the LRIG1 and the LRIG family, we provide an updated overview on LRIG1 functions in regulating SC quiescence and repressing tumor development. We further highlight the expression, regulation and functions of LRIG1 in treatment-naïve PCa and CRPC. We conclude by offering the perspectives of identifying novel cancer-specific LRIG1-interacting signaling partners and developing LRIG1-based anti-cancer therapeutics and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Ji
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Abhiram Gokhale
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Hseu-Ping Chao
- Department of Epigenetics & Mol. Carcinogenesis, the University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Kiera Rycaj
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Epigenetics & Mol. Carcinogenesis, the University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Qiuhui Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Epigenetics & Mol. Carcinogenesis, the University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.
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18
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Zhang H, Tang WL, Kheirolomoom A, Fite BZ, Wu B, Lau K, Baikoghli M, Raie MN, Tumbale SK, Foiret J, Ingham ES, Mahakian LM, Tam SM, Cheng RH, Borowsky AD, Ferrara KW. Development of thermosensitive resiquimod-loaded liposomes for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2020; 330:1080-1094. [PMID: 33189786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Resiquimod (R848) is a toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) agonist with potent antitumor and immunostimulatory activity. However, systemic delivery of R848 is poorly tolerated because of its poor solubility in water and systemic immune activation. In order to address these limitations, we developed an intravenously-injectable formulation with R848 using thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs) as a delivery vehicle. R848 was remotely loaded into TSLs composed of DPPC: DSPC: DSPE-PEG2K (85:10:5, mol%) with 100 mM FeSO4 as the trapping agent inside. The final R848 to lipid ratio of the optimized R848-loaded TSLs (R848-TSLs) was 0.09 (w/w), 10-fold higher than the previously-reported values. R848-TSLs released 80% of R848 within 5 min at 42 °C. These TSLs were then combined with αPD-1, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, and ultrasound-mediated hyperthermia in a neu deletion (NDL) mouse mammary carcinoma model (Her2+, ER/PR negative). Combined with αPD-1, local injection of R848-TSLs showed superior efficacy with complete NDL tumor regression in both treated and abscopal sites achieved in 8 of 11 tumor bearing mice over 100 days. Immunohistochemistry confirmed enhanced CD8+ T cell infiltration and accumulation by R848-TSLs. Systemic delivery of R848-TSLs, combined with local hyperthermia and αPD-1, inhibited tumor growth and extended median survival from 28 days (non-treatment control) to 94 days. Upon re-challenge with reinjection of tumor cells, none of the previously cured mice developed tumors, as compared with 100% of age-matched control mice. The dose of R848 (10 μg for intra-tumoral injection or 6 mg/kg for intravenous injection delivered up to 4 times) was well-tolerated without weight loss or organ hypertrophy. In summary, we developed R848-TSLs that can be administered locally or systematically, resulting in tumor regression and enhanced survival when combined with αPD-1 in mouse models of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Wei-Lun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Azadeh Kheirolomoom
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brett Z Fite
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Kenneth Lau
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mo Baikoghli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marina Nura Raie
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Spencer K Tumbale
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Josquin Foiret
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Ingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lisa M Mahakian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sarah M Tam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - R Holland Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Molecular Imaging Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 3165 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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19
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Ilovitsh T, Feng Y, Foiret J, Kheirolomoom A, Zhang H, Ingham ES, Ilovitsh A, Tumbale SK, Fite BZ, Wu B, Raie MN, Zhang N, Kare AJ, Chavez M, Qi LS, Pelled G, Gazit D, Vermesh O, Steinberg I, Gambhir SS, Ferrara KW. Low-frequency ultrasound-mediated cytokine transfection enhances T cell recruitment at local and distant tumor sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12674-12685. [PMID: 32430322 PMCID: PMC7293655 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914906117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust cytotoxic T cell infiltration has proven to be difficult to achieve in solid tumors. We set out to develop a flexible protocol to efficiently transfect tumor and stromal cells to produce immune-activating cytokines, and thus enhance T cell infiltration while debulking tumor mass. By combining ultrasound with tumor-targeted microbubbles, membrane pores are created and facilitate a controllable and local transfection. Here, we applied a substantially lower transmission frequency (250 kHz) than applied previously. The resulting microbubble oscillation was significantly enhanced, reaching an effective expansion ratio of 35 for a peak negative pressure of 500 kPa in vitro. Combining low-frequency ultrasound with tumor-targeted microbubbles and a DNA plasmid construct, 20% of tumor cells remained viable, and ∼20% of these remaining cells were transfected with a reporter gene both in vitro and in vivo. The majority of cells transfected in vivo were mucin 1+/CD45- tumor cells. Tumor and stromal cells were then transfected with plasmid DNA encoding IFN-β, producing 150 pg/106 cells in vitro, a 150-fold increase compared to no-ultrasound or no-plasmid controls and a 50-fold increase compared to treatment with targeted microbubbles and ultrasound (without IFN-β). This enhancement in secretion exceeds previously reported fourfold to fivefold increases with other in vitro treatments. Combined with intraperitoneal administration of checkpoint inhibition, a single application of IFN-β plasmid transfection reduced tumor growth in vivo and recruited efficacious immune cells at both the local and distant tumor sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Ilovitsh
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Yi Feng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Josquin Foiret
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Azadeh Kheirolomoom
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Hua Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Elizabeth S Ingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Asaf Ilovitsh
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Spencer K Tumbale
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Brett Z Fite
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Bo Wu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Marina N Raie
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Nisi Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Aris J Kare
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Michael Chavez
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Lei S Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Gadi Pelled
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Dan Gazit
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Ophir Vermesh
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Idan Steinberg
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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20
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Faraz M, Tellström A, Ardnor CE, Grankvist K, Huminiecki L, Tavelin B, Henriksson R, Hedman H, Ljuslinder I. LRIG1 gene copy number analysis by ddPCR and correlations to clinical factors in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:459. [PMID: 32448168 PMCID: PMC7245921 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06919-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) copy number alterations and unbalanced gene recombination events have been reported to occur in breast cancer. Importantly, LRIG1 loss was recently shown to predict early and late relapse in stage I-II breast cancer. METHODS We developed droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays for the determination of relative LRIG1 copy numbers and used these assays to analyze LRIG1 in twelve healthy individuals, 34 breast tumor samples previously analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and 423 breast tumor cytosols. RESULTS Four of the LRIG1/reference gene assays were found to be precise and robust, showing copy number ratios close to 1 (mean, 0.984; standard deviation, +/- 0.031) among the healthy control population. The correlation between the ddPCR assays and previous FISH results was low, possibly because of the different normalization strategies used. One in 34 breast tumors (2.9%) showed an unbalanced LRIG1 recombination event. LRIG1 copy number ratios were associated with the breast cancer subtype, steroid receptor status, ERBB2 status, tumor grade, and nodal status. Both LRIG1 loss and gain were associated with unfavorable metastasis-free survival; however, they did not remain significant prognostic factors after adjustment for common risk factors in the Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, LRIG1 loss was not significantly associated with survival in stage I and II cases. CONCLUSIONS Although LRIG1 gene aberrations may be important determinants of breast cancer biology, and prognostic markers, the results of this study do not verify an important role for LRIG1 copy number analyses in predicting the risk of relapse in early-stage breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Faraz
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Tellström
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Kjell Grankvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lukasz Huminiecki
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden.,Current address: Instytut Genetyki i Hodowli Zwierząt Polskiej Akademii Nauk, ul. Postępu 36A, 05-552, Jastrzębiec, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Björn Tavelin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hedman
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Ljuslinder
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden.
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21
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Li Q, Liu B, Chao HP, Ji Y, Lu Y, Mehmood R, Jeter C, Chen T, Moore JR, Li W, Liu C, Rycaj K, Tracz A, Kirk J, Calhoun-Davis T, Xiong J, Deng Q, Huang J, Foster BA, Gokhale A, Chen X, Tang DG. LRIG1 is a pleiotropic androgen receptor-regulated feedback tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5494. [PMID: 31792211 PMCID: PMC6889295 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LRIG1 has been reported to be a tumor suppressor in gastrointestinal tract and epidermis. However, little is known about the expression, regulation and biological functions of LRIG1 in prostate cancer (PCa). We find that LRIG1 is overexpressed in PCa, but its expression correlates with better patient survival. Functional studies reveal strong tumor-suppressive functions of LRIG1 in both AR+ and AR- xenograft models, and transgenic expression of LRIG1 inhibits tumor development in Hi-Myc and TRAMP models. LRIG1 also inhibits castration-resistant PCa and exhibits therapeutic efficacy in pre-established tumors. We further show that 1) AR directly transactivates LRIG1 through binding to several AR-binding sites in LRIG1 locus, and 2) LRIG1 dampens ERBB expression in a cell type-dependent manner and inhibits ERBB2-driven tumor growth. Collectively, our study indicates that LRIG1 represents a pleiotropic AR-regulated feedback tumor suppressor that functions to restrict oncogenic signaling from AR, Myc, ERBBs, and, likely, other oncogenic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Bigang Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Hsueh-Ping Chao
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Yibing Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Rashid Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Collene Jeter
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Taiping Chen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - John R Moore
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Kiera Rycaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Amanda Tracz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Jason Kirk
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Tammy Calhoun-Davis
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Qu Deng
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University of School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Barbara A Foster
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Abhiram Gokhale
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 430030, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA.
- Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200120, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Pénzváltó Z, Chen JQ, Tepper CG, Davis RR, Silvestrini MT, Umeh-Garcia M, Sweeney C, Borowsky AD. A Syngeneic ErbB2 Mammary Cancer Model for Preclinical Immunotherapy Trials. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2019; 24:149-162. [PMID: 30810966 PMCID: PMC6612594 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-019-09425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to develop a practical model of breast cancer, with in vitro and syngeneic, immune-intact, in vivo growth capacity, we established a primary cell line derived from a mammary carcinoma in the transgenic FVB/N-Tg(MMTV-ErbB2*)NDL2-5Mul mouse, referred to as "NDLUCD". The cell line is adapted to standard cell culture and can be transplanted into syngeneic FVB/N mice. The line maintains a stable phenotype over multiple in vitro passages and rounds of in vivo transplantation. NDLUCD tumors in FVB/N mice exhibit high expression of ErbB2 and ErbB3 and signaling molecules downstream of ErbB2. The syngeneic transplant tumors elicit an immune reaction in the adjacent stroma, detected and characterized using histology, immunophenotyping, and gene expression. NDLUCD cells also express PD-L1 in vivo and in vitro, and in vivo transplants are reactive to anti-immune checkpoint therapy with responses conducive to immunotherapy studies. This new NDLUCD cell line model is a practical alternative to the more commonly used 4T1 cells, and our previously described FVB/N-Tg(MMTV-PyVT)634Mul derived Met-1fvb2 and FVB/NTg(MMTV-PyVTY315F/Y322F) derived DB-7fvb2 cell lines. The NDLUCD cells have, so far, remained genetically and phenotypically stable over many generations, with consistent and reproducible results in immune intact preclinical cohorts.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma/drug therapy
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/immunology
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods
- Feasibility Studies
- Female
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Reproducibility of Results
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Pénzváltó
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jane Qian Chen
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Clifford G Tepper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ryan R Davis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Matthew T Silvestrini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Maxine Umeh-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Colleen Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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23
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Yang K, Feng S, Ren J, Zhou W. Upregulation of microRNA-196a improves cognitive impairment and alleviates neuronal damage in hippocampus tissues of Alzheimer's disease through downregulating LRIG3 expression. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17811-17821. [PMID: 31119777 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study is launched to uncover the inner function of microRNA-196a (miR-196a) on cognitive dysfunction and neuronal damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats through regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. METHODS The establishment of AD rat model was performed by a microinjection of Aβ25-35 . miR-196a and LRIG3 expression was detected, and the putative binding site between them was also determined. The spatial learning and memory capability, the hippocampal neurons ultrastructure as well as the survival, and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons of rats were observed. The expression of apoptosis-associated protein, oxidative stress index, and inflammatory factors as well as the PI3K/Akt pathway-related factors was determined. RESULTS Initially, decreased miR-196a and increased LRIG3 were exhibited in hippocampus tissues of AD rats. In addition, restored miR-196a and deleted LRIG3 ameliorated spatial learning and memory capability, suppressed the pathological injury, induced the survival, and suppressed the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, as well as inhibited oxidative stress injury together with inflammatory injury in AD rats. Furthermore, upregulation of miR-196a activated the PI3/Akt pathway in AD rats. CONCLUSION This current study suggests that upregulation of miR-196a and downregulation of LRIG3 improve cognitive impairment and alleviate neuronal damage in hippocampus tissues in AD rats via the modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shutao Feng
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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24
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Kheirolomoom A, Silvestrini MT, Ingham ES, Mahakian LM, Tam SM, Tumbale SK, Foiret J, Hubbard NE, Borowsky AD, Ferrara KW. Combining activatable nanodelivery with immunotherapy in a murine breast cancer model. J Control Release 2019; 303:42-54. [PMID: 30978432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A successful chemotherapy-immunotherapy solid-tumor protocol should accomplish the following goals: debulk large tumors, release tumor antigen for cross-presentation and cross-priming, release cancer-suppressive cytokines and enhance anti-tumor immune cell populations. Thermally-activated drug delivery particles have the potential to synergize with immunotherapeutics to accomplish these goals; activation can release chemotherapy within bulky solid tumors and can enhance response when combined with immunotherapy. We set out to determine whether a single protocol, combining locally-activated chemotherapy and agonist immunotherapy, could accomplish these goals and yield a potentially translational therapy. For effective delivery of free doxorubicin to tumors with minimal toxicity, we stabilized doxorubicin with copper in temperature-sensitive liposomes that rapidly release free drug in the vasculature of cancer lesions upon exposure to ultrasound-mediated hyperthermia. We found that in vitro exposure of tumor cells to hyperthermia and doxorubicin resulted in immunogenic cell death and the local release of type I interferons across murine cancer cell lines. Following intravenous injection, local activation of the liposomes within a single tumor released doxorubicin and enhanced cross-presentation of a model antigen at distant tumor sites. While a variety of protocols achieved a complete response in >50% of treated mice, the complete response rate was greatest (90%) when 1 week of immunotherapy priming preceded a single activatable chemotherapeutic administration. While repeated chemotherapeutic delivery reduced local viable tumor, the complete response rate and a subset of tumor immune cells were also reduced. Taken together, the results suggest that activatable chemotherapy can enhance adjuvant immunotherapy; however, in a murine model the systemic adaptive immune response was greatest with a single administration of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Kheirolomoom
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Stanford University, Department of Radiology, 3165 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Matthew T Silvestrini
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Ingham
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lisa M Mahakian
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sarah M Tam
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Spencer K Tumbale
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, 3165 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Josquin Foiret
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, 3165 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Neil E Hubbard
- University of California, Davis, Center for Comparative Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- University of California, Davis, Center for Comparative Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, 3165 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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25
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Seo JW, Tavaré R, Mahakian LM, Silvestrini MT, Tam S, Ingham ES, Salazar FB, Borowsky AD, Wu AM, Ferrara KW. CD8 + T-Cell Density Imaging with 64Cu-Labeled Cys-Diabody Informs Immunotherapy Protocols. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4976-4987. [PMID: 29967252 PMCID: PMC6215696 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Noninvasive and quantitative tracking of CD8+ T cells by PET has emerged as a potential technique to gauge response to immunotherapy. We apply an anti-CD8 cys-diabody, labeled with 64Cu, to assess the sensitivity of PET imaging of normal and diseased tissue.Experimental Design: Radiolabeling of an anti-CD8 cys-diabody (169cDb) with 64Cu was developed. The accumulation of 64Cu-169cDb was evaluated with PET/CT imaging (0, 5, and 24 hours) and biodistribution (24 hours) in wild-type mouse strains (n = 8/group studied with imaging and IHC or flow cytometry) after intravenous administration. Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in tumor-bearing mice treated with CpG and αPD-1 were quantified and mapped (n = 6-8/group studied with imaging and IHC or flow cytometry).Results: We demonstrate the ability of immunoPET to detect small differences in CD8+ T-cell distribution between mouse strains and across lymphoid tissues, including the intestinal tract of normal mice. In FVB mice bearing a syngeneic HER2-driven model of mammary adenocarcinoma (NDL), 64Cu-169cDb PET imaging accurately visualized and quantified changes in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in response to immunotherapy. A reduction in the circulation time of the imaging probe followed the development of treatment-related liver and splenic hypertrophy and provided an indication of off-target effects associated with immunotherapy protocols.Conclusions: 64Cu-169cDb imaging can spatially map the distribution of CD8+ T cells in normal organs and tumors. ImmunoPET imaging of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells detected changes in T-cell density resulting from adjuvant and checkpoint immunotherapy protocols in our preclinical evaluation. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 4976-87. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Woong Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Richard Tavaré
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lisa M Mahakian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Matthew T Silvestrini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Sarah Tam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Elizabeth S Ingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Felix B Salazar
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Anna M Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.
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26
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Yu S, Yang M, Lim KM, Cho Y, Kim H, Lee K, Jeong SH, Coffey RJ, Goldenring JR, Nam KT. Expression of LRIG1, a Negative Regulator of EGFR, Is Dynamically Altered during Different Stages of Gastric Carcinogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2912-2923. [PMID: 30248341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG)-1 is a transmembrane protein that antagonizes epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in epithelial tissues. LRIG1 is down-regulated in various epithelial cancers, including bladder, breast, and colorectal cancer, suggesting that it functions as a tumor suppressor. However, its role in gastric carcinogenesis is not well understood. Here, we investigated the changes in LRIG1 expression during the stages of gastric cancer. We used a DMP-777-induced spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia mouse model and a tissue array of human gastric cancer lesions. The effects of LRIG1 knockdown were also assessed using the human gastric cancer cell line SNU638 in a xenograft model. LRIG1 expression varied over the course of gastric carcinogenesis, increasing in spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia lesions but disappearing in intestinal metaplasia and cancer lesions, and the increase was concurrent with the up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor. In addition, LRIG1 knockdown promoted the tumorigenic potential in vitro, which was manifested as increased proliferation, invasiveness, and migration as well as increased tumor size in vivo in the xenograft model. Furthermore, LRIG1 expression was determined to be a positive prognostic biomarker for the survival of gastric cancer patients. Collectively, our findings indicate that LRIG1 expression is closely related wto gastric carcinogenesis and may play a vital role as a tumor suppressor through the modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsook Yu
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijeong Yang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Cho
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunwook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James R Goldenring
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Section of Surgical Science, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Zhou L, Li X, Zhou F, Jin Z, Chen D, Wang P, Zhang S, Zhuge Y, Shang Y, Zou X. Downregulation of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 by microRNA-20a modulates gastric cancer multidrug resistance. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1044-1054. [PMID: 29450946 PMCID: PMC5891193 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) significantly restricts the clinical efficacy of gastric cancer (GC) chemotherapy, and it is critical to search novel targets to predict and overcome MDR. Leucine‐rich repeats and immunoglobulin‐like domains 1 (LRIG1) has been proved to be correlated with drug resistance in several cancers. The present study revealed that LRIG1 was overexpressed in chemosensitive GC tissues and decreased expression of LRIG1 predicted poor survival in GC patients. We observed that upregulation of LRIG1 enhanced chemosensitivity in GC cells. Interestingly, miR‐20a, which was overexpressed in GC MDR cell lines and tissues, was identified to regulate LRIG1 expression by directly targeting its 3′ untranslated region. We also found that inhibition of miR‐20a suppressed GC MDR, and upregulation showed opposite effects. Moreover, we demonstrated that the miR‐20a/LRIG1 axis regulated GC cell MDR through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mediated PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Finally, LRIG1 expression in human GC tissues is inversely correlated with miR‐20a and EGFR. Taken together, the newly identified miR‐20a/LRIG1/EGFR link provides insight into the MDR process of GC, and targeting this axis represents a novel potential therapeutic strategy to block GC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi'an Jin
- The Second Outpatient Department of Chengdu Army Region Authority, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhuge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
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28
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Flanagan DJ, Austin CR, Vincan E, Phesse TJ. Wnt Signalling in Gastrointestinal Epithelial Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040178. [PMID: 29570681 PMCID: PMC5924520 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signalling regulates several cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration, and is critical for embryonic development. Stem cells are defined by their ability for self-renewal and the ability to be able to give rise to differentiated progeny. Consequently, they are essential for the homeostasis of many organs including the gastrointestinal tract. This review will describe the huge advances in our understanding of how stem cell functions in the gastrointestinal tract are regulated by Wnt signalling, including how deregulated Wnt signalling can hijack these functions to transform cells and lead to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Flanagan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory and the Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Chloe R Austin
- Cancer and Cell Signalling Laboratory, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Vincan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory and the Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Toby J Phesse
- Cancer and Cell Signalling Laboratory, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK.
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29
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Lindquist D, Alsina FC, Herdenberg C, Larsson C, Höppener J, Wang N, Paratcha G, Tarján M, Tot T, Henriksson R, Hedman H. LRIG1 negatively regulates RET mutants and is downregulated in thyroid cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1189-1197. [PMID: 29436694 PMCID: PMC5843404 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) are characterized by genomic rearrangements and point mutations in the proto-oncogene RET. Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) is a suppressor of various receptor tyrosine kinases, including RET. LRIG1 expression levels are associated with patient survival in many cancer types. In the present study, we investigated whether the oncogenic RET mutants RET2A (C634R) and RET2B (M918T) were regulated by LRIG1, and the possible effects of LRIG1 expression in thyroid cancer were investigated in three different clinical cohorts and in a RET2B-driven mouse model of MTC. LRIG1 was shown to physically interact with both RET2A and RET2B and to restrict their ligand-independent activation. LRIG1 mRNA levels were downregulated in PTC and MTC compared to normal thyroid gland tissue. There was no apparent association between LRIG1 RNA or protein expression levels and patient survival in the studied cohorts. The transgenic RET2B mice developed pre-cancerous medullary thyroid lesions at a high frequency (36%); however, no overt cancers were observed. There was no significant difference in the incidence of pre-cancerous lesions between Lrig1 wild-type and Lrig1-deficient RET2B mice. In conclusion, the findings that LRIG1 is a negative regulator of RET2A and RET2B and is also downregulated in PTC and MTC may suggest that LRIG1 functions as a thyroid tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lindquist
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fernando C Alsina
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Carl Herdenberg
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jo Höppener
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Division of Biomedical Genetics and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustavo Paratcha
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Miklós Tarján
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, Central Hospital Falun, 791 82 Falun, Sweden
| | - Tibor Tot
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, Central Hospital Falun, 791 82 Falun, Sweden
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hedman
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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30
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Mori H, Chen JQ, Cardiff RD, Pénzváltó Z, Hubbard NE, Schuetter L, Hovey RC, Trott JF, Borowsky AD. Pathobiology of the 129:Stat1 -/- mouse model of human age-related ER-positive breast cancer with an immune infiltrate-excluded phenotype. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:102. [PMID: 28865492 PMCID: PMC5581425 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stat1 gene-targeted knockout mice (129S6/SvEvTac-Stat1tm1Rds) develop estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), luminal-type mammary carcinomas at an advanced age. There is evidence for both host environment as well as tumor cell-intrinsic mechanisms to initiate tumorigenesis in this model. In this report, we summarize details of the systemic and mammary pathology at preneoplastic and tumor-bearing time points. In addition, we investigate tumor progression in the 129:Stat1−/− host compared with wild-type 129/SvEv, and we describe the immune cell reaction to the tumors. Methods Mice housed and treated according to National Institutes of Health guidelines and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee-approved methods were evaluated by histopathology, and their tissues were subjected to immunohistochemistry with computer-assisted quantitative image analysis. Tumor cell culture and conditioned media from cell culture were used to perform macrophage (RAW264.7) cell migration assays, including the 129:Stat1−/−-derived SSM2 cells as well as control Met1 and NDL tumor cells and EpH4 normal cells. Results Tumorigenesis in 129:Stat1−/− originates from a population of FoxA1+ large oval pale cells that initially appear and accumulate along the mammary ducts in segments or regions of the gland prior to giving rise to mammary intraepithelial neoplasias. Progression to invasive carcinoma is accompanied by a marked local stromal and immune cell response composed predominantly of T cells and macrophages. In conditioned media experiments, cells derived from 129:Stat1−/− tumors secrete both chemoattractant and chemoinhibitory factors, with greater attraction in the extracellular vesicular fraction and inhibition in the soluble fraction. The result appears to be recruitment of the immune reaction to the periphery of the tumor, with exclusion of immune cell infiltration into the tumor. Conclusions 129:Stat1−/− is a unique model for studying the critical origins and risk reduction strategies in age-related ER+ breast cancer. In addition, it can be used in preclinical trials of hormonal and targeted therapies as well as immunotherapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0892-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Mori
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jane Q Chen
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert D Cardiff
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Zsófia Pénzváltó
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Neil E Hubbard
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Louis Schuetter
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Russell C Hovey
- Department of Animal Science, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Josephine F Trott
- Department of Animal Science, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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31
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Yu S. Role and mechanism of action of LRIG1 in ovarian cancer cell line and VP16 drug-resistant cell line. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4619-4624. [PMID: 28943962 PMCID: PMC5592861 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG)-1 in ovarian cancer cell line and VP16 drug-resistant cell line to explore the possible mechanism of action. Human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and the VP16 drug-resistant cell line SKOV3/VP16 were used to investigate whether LRIG1 affects the sensitivity of SKOV3 to drugs. RT-qPCR was used to detect the difference in LRIG1 expression between drug-resistant and wild-type cell lines. siRNA LRIG1 was designed and transfected to silence LRIG1 to investigate the mechanism by which LRIG1 affects the sensitivity of SKOV3 to drugs. Wild-type cells were transfected with SKOV3. The cells were divided into 3 groups (VP16, NC + VP16 and siRNA LRIG1 + VP16 treatment group). VP16 (IC50 value) was added 24 h after transfection. The CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation of each group at multiple time points (0, 24, 48 and 72 h). A colony-forming assay was used to detect cell proliferation and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. The expression of LRIG1 was lower in the drug resistant cell line than that of the wild-type cell line. The expression of LRIG1 significantly decreased with the increase of VP16 concentration (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate was decreased but there was an increase on cell clones in the siLRIG1 + VP16-treated group as compared to VP16- and NC+ VP16-treated groups (P<0.05). The LRIG1 gene affects the sensitivity of SKOV3 cells to drug in a dose-related manner, indicating that the reduced expression of LRIG1 can inhibit cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Zhizhen Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Shunrui Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
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32
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Fite BZ, Kheirolomoom A, Foiret JL, Seo JW, Mahakian LM, Ingham ES, Tam SM, Borowsky AD, Curry FRE, Ferrara KW. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI detects changes in vascular transport rate constants following treatment with thermally-sensitive liposomal doxorubicin. J Control Release 2017; 256:203-213. [PMID: 28395970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-sensitive liposomal formulations of chemotherapeutics, such as doxorubicin, can achieve locally high drug concentrations within a tumor and tumor vasculature while maintaining low systemic toxicity. Further, doxorubicin delivery by temperature-sensitive liposomes can reliably cure local cancer in mouse models. Histological sections of treated tumors have detected red blood cell extravasation within tumors treated with temperature-sensitive doxorubicin and ultrasound hyperthermia. We hypothesize that the local release of drug into the tumor vasculature and resulting high drug concentration can alter vascular transport rate constants along with having direct tumoricidal effects. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) coupled with a pharmacokinetic model can detect and quantify changes in such vascular transport rate constants. Here, we set out to determine whether changes in rate constants resulting from intravascular drug release were detectable by MRI. We found that the accumulation of gadoteridol was enhanced in tumors treated with temperature-sensitive liposomal doxorubicin and ultrasound hyperthermia. While the initial uptake rate of the small molecule tracer was slower (k1=0.0478±0.011s-1 versus 0.116±0.047s-1) in treated compared to untreated tumors, the tracer was retained after treatment due to a larger reduction in the rate of clearance (k2=0.291±0.030s-1 versus 0.747±0.24s-1). While DCE-MRI assesses a combination of blood flow and permeability, ultrasound imaging of microvascular flow rate is sensitive only to changes in vascular flow rate; based on this technique, blood flow was not significantly altered 30min after treatment. In summary, DCE-MRI provides a means to detect changes that are associated with treatment by thermally-activated particles and such changes can be exploited to enhance local delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Z Fite
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Azadeh Kheirolomoom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Josquin L Foiret
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Jai W Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Lisa M Mahakian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Elizabeth S Ingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Sarah M Tam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Fitz-Roy E Curry
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Silvestrini MT, Ingham ES, Mahakian LM, Kheirolomoom A, Liu Y, Fite BZ, Tam SM, Tucci ST, Watson KD, Wong AW, Monjazeb AM, Hubbard NE, Murphy WJ, Borowsky AD, Ferrara KW. Priming is key to effective incorporation of image-guided thermal ablation into immunotherapy protocols. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90521. [PMID: 28352658 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal therapies play an important role in the treatment of cancers where palliation is desired, local control is needed, or surgical resection is not feasible. Pairing immunotherapy with such focal treatments is particularly attractive; however, there is emerging evidence that focal therapy can have a positive or negative impact on the efficacy of immunotherapy. Thermal ablation is an appealing modality to pair with such protocols, as tumors can be rapidly debulked (cell death occurring within minutes to hours), tumor antigens can be released locally, and treatment can be conducted and repeated without the concerns of radiation-based therapies. In a syngeneic model of epithelial cancer, we found that 7 days of immunotherapy (TLR9 agonist and checkpoint blockade), prior to thermal ablation, reduced macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells and enhanced IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells, the M1 macrophage fraction, and PD-L1 expression on CD45+ cells. Continued treatment with immunotherapy alone or with immunotherapy combined with ablation (primed ablation) then resulted in a complete response in 80% of treated mice at day 90, and primed ablation expanded CD8+ T cells as compared with all control groups. When the tumor burden was increased by implantation of 3 orthotopic tumors, successive primed ablation of 2 discrete lesions resulted in survival of 60% of treated mice as compared with 25% of mice treated with immunotherapy alone. Alternatively, when immunotherapy was begun immediately after thermal ablation, the abscopal effect was diminished and none of the mice within the cohort exhibited a complete response. In summary, we found that immunotherapy begun before ablation can be curative and can enhance efficacy in the presence of a high tumor burden. Two mechanisms have potential to impact the efficacy of immunotherapy when begun immediately after thermal ablation: mechanical changes in the tumor microenvironment and inflammatory-mediated changes in immune phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Neirinckx V, Hedman H, Niclou SP. Harnessing LRIG1-mediated inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:109-116. [PMID: 28259645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains containing protein 1 (LRIG1) is an endogenous feedback regulator of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and was recently shown to inhibit growth of different types of malignancies. Additionally, this multifaceted RTK inhibitor was reported to be a tumor suppressor, a stem cell regulator, and a modulator of different cellular phenotypes. This mini-review provides a concise and up-to-date summary about the known functions of LRIG1 and its related family members, with a special emphasis on underlying molecular mechanisms and the opportunities for harnessing its therapeutic potential against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Neirinckx
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526, Luxembourg
| | - Hakan Hedman
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526, Luxembourg; K.G. Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Centre, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
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Kheirolomoom A, Ingham ES, Commisso J, Abushaban N, Ferrara KW. Intracellular trafficking of a pH-responsive drug metal complex. J Control Release 2016; 243:232-242. [PMID: 27746275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We previously developed a pH-responsive copper-doxorubicin (CuDox) cargo in lysolipid-based temperature-sensitive liposomes (LTSLs). The CuDox complex is released from the particle by elevated temperature; however, full release of doxorubicin from CuDox requires a reduced pH, such as that expected in lysosomes. The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of the drug-metal complex in comparison with intact liposomes and free drug. We found that the CuDox complex was efficiently internalized by mammary carcinoma cells after release from LTSLs. Intracellular doxorubicin and copper were 6-fold and 5-fold greater, respectively, after a 0.5h incubation with the released CuDox complex, as compared to incubation with intact liposomes containing the complex. Total cellular doxorubicin fluorescence was similar following CuDox and free doxorubicin incubation. Imaging and mass spectrometry assays indicated that the CuDox complex was initially internalized intact but breaks down over time within cells, with intracellular copper decreasing more rapidly than intracellular doxorubicin. Doxorubicin fluorescence was reduced when complexed with copper, and nuclear fluorescence was reduced when cells were incubated with the CuDox complex as compared with free doxorubicin. Therapeutic efficacy, which typically results from intercalation of doxorubicin with DNA, was equivalent for the CuDox complex and free doxorubicin and was superior to that of liposomal doxorubicin formulations. Taken together, the results suggest that quenched CuDox reaches the nucleus and remains efficacious. In order to design protocols for the use of these temperature-sensitive particles in cancer treatment, the timing of hyperthermia relative to drug administration must be examined. When cells were heated to 42°C prior to the addition of free doxorubicin, nuclear drug accumulation increased by 1.8-fold in cancer cells after 5h, and cytotoxicity increased 1.4-fold in both cancer and endothelial cells. Endothelial cytotoxicity was similarly augmented with mild hyperthermia applied prior to treatment with released CuDox. In summary, we find that the drug-metal complex formed in temperature-sensitive particles can be internalized by cancer and endothelial cells resulting in therapeutic efficacy that is similar to free doxorubicin, and this efficacy can be enhanced by elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Kheirolomoom
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Ingham
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Joel Commisso
- University of California, Davis, Interdisciplinary Center for Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Neveen Abushaban
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Yang H, Yao J, Yin J, Wei X. Decreased LRIG1 in Human Ovarian Cancer Cell SKOV3 Upregulates MRP-1 and Contributes to the Chemoresistance of VP16. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2016; 31:125-32. [PMID: 27183435 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2015.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jiangpin Yin
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Department of Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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Rowson-Hodel AR, Berg AL, Wald JH, Hatakeyama J, VanderVorst K, Curiel DA, Leon LJ, Sweeney C, Carraway KL. Hexamethylene amiloride engages a novel reactive oxygen species- and lysosome-dependent programmed necrotic mechanism to selectively target breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:62-72. [PMID: 26944316 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer chemotherapeutics often rely on induction of apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells. While these treatment strategies are generally effective in debulking the primary tumor, post-therapeutic recurrence and metastasis are pervasive concerns with potentially devastating consequences. We demonstrate that the amiloride derivative 5-(N,N-hexamethylene) amiloride (HMA) harbors cytotoxic properties particularly attractive for a novel class of therapeutic agent. HMA is potently and specifically cytotoxic toward breast cancer cells, with remarkable selectivity for transformed cells relative to non-transformed or primary cells. Nonetheless, HMA is similarly cytotoxic to breast cancer cells irrespective of their molecular profile, proliferative status, or species of origin, suggesting that it engages a cell death mechanism common to all breast tumor subtypes. We observed that HMA induces a novel form of caspase- and autophagy-independent programmed necrosis relying on the orchestration of mitochondrial and lysosomal pro-death mechanisms, where its cytotoxicity was attenuated with ROS-scavengers or lysosomal cathepsin inhibition. Overall, our findings suggest HMA may efficiently target the heterogeneous populations of cancer cells known to reside within a single breast tumor by induction of a ROS- and lysosome-mediated form of programmed necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Rowson-Hodel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anastasia L Berg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jessica H Wald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jason Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kacey VanderVorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A Curiel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Leonardo J Leon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Colleen Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Wu MY, Zhang XF, Dai DQ, Ou-Yang L, Zhu Y, Yan H. Regularized logistic regression with network-based pairwise interaction for biomarker identification in breast cancer. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:108. [PMID: 26921029 PMCID: PMC4769543 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-0951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To facilitate advances in personalized medicine, it is important to detect predictive, stable and interpretable biomarkers related with different clinical characteristics. These clinical characteristics may be heterogeneous with respect to underlying interactions between genes. Usually, traditional methods just focus on detection of differentially expressed genes without taking the interactions between genes into account. Moreover, due to the typical low reproducibility of the selected biomarkers, it is difficult to give a clear biological interpretation for a specific disease. Therefore, it is necessary to design a robust biomarker identification method that can predict disease-associated interactions with high reproducibility. RESULTS In this article, we propose a regularized logistic regression model. Different from previous methods which focus on individual genes or modules, our model takes gene pairs, which are connected in a protein-protein interaction network, into account. A line graph is constructed to represent the adjacencies between pairwise interactions. Based on this line graph, we incorporate the degree information in the model via an adaptive elastic net, which makes our model less dependent on the expression data. Experimental results on six publicly available breast cancer datasets show that our method can not only achieve competitive performance in classification, but also retain great stability in variable selection. Therefore, our model is able to identify the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in a more robust way. Moreover, most of the biomarkers discovered by our model have been verified in biochemical or biomedical researches. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method shows promise in the diagnosis of disease pathogenesis with different clinical characteristics. These advances lead to more accurate and stable biomarker discovery, which can monitor the functional changes that are perturbed by diseases. Based on these predictions, researchers may be able to provide suggestions for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yun Wu
- School of Statistics and Management, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Guoding Road, Shanghai, 200433, China. .,Key Laboratory of Mathematical Economics SUFE, Ministry of Education, Guoding Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics & Hubei Key Laboratory of Mathematical Sciences, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Dao-Qing Dai
- Intelligent Data Center and Department of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang West Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Le Ou-Yang
- College of Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Yuan Zhu
- School of Automation, China University of Geosciences, Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Electronic and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
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Wang Y, Shi C, Lu Y, Poulin EJ, Franklin JL, Coffey RJ. Loss of Lrig1 leads to expansion of Brunner glands followed by duodenal adenomas with gastric metaplasia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1123-34. [PMID: 25794708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) is a pan-ErbB negative regulator and intestinal stem cell marker down-regulated in many malignancies. We previously reported that 14 of 16 Lrig1-CreERT2/CreERT2 (Lrig1(-/-)) mice developed duodenal adenomas, providing the first in vivo evidence that Lrig1 acts as a tumor suppressor. We extended this study to a larger cohort and found that 49 of 54 Lrig1(-/-) mice develop duodenal adenomas beginning at 3 months. Most adenomas were histologically low grade and overlaid expanded Brunner glands. There was morphologic and biochemical blurring of the boundary between the epithelium and Brunner glands with glandular coexpression of ErbB2, which is normally restricted to the epithelium, and the Brunner gland marker Mucin6. Some adenomas were high grade with reduced Brunner glands. At age 4 to 5 weeks, before adenoma formation, we observed enhanced proliferation in Brunner glands and, at 2 months, an increase in the size of the Brunner gland compartment. Elevated expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) ligands amphiregulin and β-cellulin, as well as Egfr and phosphorylated Egfr, was detected in adenomas compared with adjacent normal tissue. These adenomas expressed the gastric-specific genes gastrokine1 and mucin5ac, indicating gastric metaplasia. Moreover, we found that a subset of human duodenal tumors exhibited features of LRIG1(-/-) adenomas, including loss of LRIG1, gastric metaplasia (MUCIN5AC and MUCIN6), and increased amphiregulin and Egfr activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chanjuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Emily J Poulin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffery L Franklin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Wong AW, Fite BZ, Liu Y, Kheirolomoom A, Seo JW, Watson KD, Mahakian LM, Tam SM, Zhang H, Foiret J, Borowsky AD, Ferrara KW. Ultrasound ablation enhances drug accumulation and survival in mammary carcinoma models. J Clin Invest 2015; 126:99-111. [PMID: 26595815 DOI: 10.1172/jci83312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) facilitates noninvasive image-guided conformal thermal therapy of cancer. Yet in many scenarios, the sensitive tissues surrounding the tumor constrain the margins of ablation; therefore, augmentation of MRgFUS with chemotherapy may be required to destroy remaining tumor. Here, we used 64Cu-PET-CT, MRI, autoradiography, and fluorescence imaging to track the kinetics of long-circulating liposomes in immunocompetent mammary carcinoma-bearing FVB/n and BALB/c mice. We observed a 5-fold and 50-fold enhancement of liposome and drug concentration, respectively, within MRgFUS thermal ablation-treated tumors along with dense accumulation within the surrounding tissue rim. Ultrasound-enhanced drug accumulation was rapid and durable and greatly increased total tumor drug exposure over time. In addition, we found that the small molecule gadoteridol accumulates around and within ablated tissue. We further demonstrated that dilated vasculature, loss of vascular integrity resulting in extravasation of blood cells, stromal inflammation, and loss of cell-cell adhesion and tissue architecture all contribute to the enhanced accumulation of the liposomes and small molecule probe. The locally enhanced liposome accumulation was preserved even after a multiweek protocol of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes and partial ablation. Finally, by supplementing ablation with concurrent liposomal drug therapy, a complete and durable response was obtained using protocols for which a sub-mm rim of tumor remained after ablation.
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41
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Kheirolomoom A, Ingham ES, Mahakian LM, Tam SM, Silvestrini MT, Tumbale SK, Foiret J, Hubbard NE, Borowsky AD, Murphy WJ, Ferrara KW. CpG expedites regression of local and systemic tumors when combined with activatable nanodelivery. J Control Release 2015; 220:253-264. [PMID: 26471394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic activation of nanoparticles provides the opportunity to deliver a large fraction of the injected dose to insonified tumors and produce a complete local response. Here, we evaluate whether the local and systemic response to chemotherapy can be enhanced by combining such a therapy with locally-administered CpG as an immune adjuvant. In order to create stable, activatable particles, a complex between copper and doxorubicin (CuDox) was created within temperature-sensitive liposomes. Whereas insonation of the CuDox liposomes alone has been shown to produce a complete response in murine breast cancer after 8 treatments of 6 mg/kg delivered over 4 weeks, combining this treatment with CpG resolved local cancers within 3 treatments delivered over 7 days. Further, contralateral tumors regressed as a result of the combined treatment, and survival was extended in systemic disease. In both the treated and contralateral tumor site, the combined treatment increased leukocytes and CD4+ and CD8+ T-effector cells and reduced myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Taken together, the results suggest that this combinatorial treatment significantly enhances the systemic efficacy of locally-activated nanotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Kheirolomoom
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Ingham
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lisa M Mahakian
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sarah M Tam
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Matthew T Silvestrini
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Spencer K Tumbale
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Josquin Foiret
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Neil E Hubbard
- University of California, Davis, Center for Comparative Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- University of California, Davis, Center for Comparative Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- University of California, Davis, Department of Dermatology, 2921 Stockton Blvd., Institute for Regenerative Cures, Suite 1630, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Liu Y, Fite BZ, Mahakian LM, Johnson SM, Larrat B, Dumont E, Ferrara KW. Concurrent Visualization of Acoustic Radiation Force Displacement and Shear Wave Propagation with 7T MRI. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139667. [PMID: 26439259 PMCID: PMC4594908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Manual palpation is a common and very informative diagnostic tool based on estimation of changes in the stiffness of tissues that result from pathology. In the case of a small lesion or a lesion that is located deep within the body, it is difficult for changes in mechanical properties of tissue to be detected or evaluated via palpation. Furthermore, palpation is non-quantitative and cannot be used to localize the lesion. Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) can also be used to evaluate the properties of biological tissues non-invasively. In this study, an MRgFUS system combines high field (7T) MR and 3 MHz focused ultrasound to provide high resolution MR imaging and a small ultrasonic interrogation region (~0.5 x 0.5 x 2 mm), as compared with current clinical systems. MR-Acoustic Radiation Force Imaging (MR-ARFI) provides a reliable and efficient method for beam localization by detecting micron-scale displacements induced by ultrasound mechanical forces. The first aim of this study is to develop a sequence that can concurrently quantify acoustic radiation force displacements and image the resulting transient shear wave. Our motivation in combining these two measurements is to develop a technique that can rapidly provide both ARFI and shear wave velocity estimation data, making it suitable for use in interventional radiology. Secondly, we validate this sequence in vivo by estimating the displacement before and after high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation, and we validate the shear wave velocity in vitro using tissue-mimicking gelatin and tofu phantoms. Such rapid acquisitions are especially useful in interventional radiology applications where minimizing scan time is highly desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
| | - Brett Z. Fite
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Mahakian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
| | - Benoit Larrat
- UNité d’Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique et Spectroscopie, NeuroSpin, CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | | | - Katherine W. Ferrara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yokdang N, Hatakeyama J, Wald JH, Simion C, Tellez JD, Chang DZ, Swamynathan MM, Chen M, Murphy WJ, Carraway Iii KL, Sweeney C. LRIG1 opposes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inhibits invasion of basal-like breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2015; 35:2932-47. [PMID: 26387542 PMCID: PMC4805527 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
LRIG1, a member of the LRIG family of transmembrane leucine rich repeat-containing proteins, is a negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and a tumor suppressor. LRIG1 expression is broadly decreased in human cancer and in breast cancer, low expression of LRIG1 has been linked to decreased relapse-free survival. Recently, low expression of LRIG1 was revealed to be an independent risk factor for breast cancer metastasis and death. These findings suggest that LRIG1 may oppose breast cancer cell motility and invasion, cellular processes which are fundamental to metastasis. However, very little is known of LRIG1 function in this regard. In this study, we demonstrate that LRIG1 is down-regulated during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human mammary epithelial cells, suggesting that LRIG1 expression may represent a barrier to EMT. Indeed, depletion of endogenous LRIG1 in human mammary epithelial cells expands the stem cell population, augments mammosphere formation and accelerates EMT. Conversely, expression of LRIG1 in highly invasive Basal B breast cancer cells provokes a mesenchymal to epithelial transition accompanied by a dramatic suppression of tumorsphere formation and a striking loss of invasive growth in three-dimensional culture. LRIG1 expression perturbs multiple signaling pathways and represses markers and effectors of the mesenchymal state. Furthermore, LRIG1 expression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells significantly slows their growth as tumors, providing the first in vivo evidence that LRIG1 functions as a growth suppressor in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yokdang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - J Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - J H Wald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - C Simion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - J D Tellez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - D Z Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - M M Swamynathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - M Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - W J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - K L Carraway Iii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - C Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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44
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Neill T, Schaefer L, Iozzo RV. Decoding the Matrix: Instructive Roles of Proteoglycan Receptors. Biochemistry 2015; 54:4583-98. [PMID: 26177309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a dynamic repository harboring instructive cues that embody substantial regulatory dominance over many evolutionarily conserved intracellular activities, including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, motility, and autophagy. The matrix also coordinates and parses hierarchical information, such as angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and immunological responses, typically providing the critical determinants driving each outcome. We provide the first comprehensive review focused on proteoglycan receptors, that is, signaling transmembrane proteins that use secreted proteoglycans as ligands, in addition to their natural ligands. The majority of these receptors belong to an exclusive subset of receptor tyrosine kinases and assorted cell surface receptors that specifically bind, transduce, and modulate fundamental cellular processes following interactions with proteoglycans. The class of small leucine-rich proteoglycans is the most studied so far and constitutes the best understood example of proteoglycan-receptor interactions. Decorin and biglycan evoke autophagy and immunological responses that deter, suppress, or exacerbate pathological conditions such as tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and chronic inflammatory disease. Basement membrane-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans (perlecan, agrin, and collagen XVIII) represent a unique cohort and provide proteolytically cleaved bioactive fragments for modulating cellular behavior. The receptors that bind the genuinely multifactorial and multivalent proteoglycans represent a nexus in understanding basic biological pathways and open new avenues for therapeutic and pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neill
- †Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- ‡Department of Pharmacology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- †Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
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Genome-wide association study of colorectal cancer identifies six new susceptibility loci. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7138. [PMID: 26151821 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility to colorectal cancer is caused by rare pathogenic mutations and common genetic variants that contribute to familial risk. Here we report the results of a two-stage association study with 18,299 cases of colorectal cancer and 19,656 controls, with follow-up of the most statistically significant genetic loci in 4,725 cases and 9,969 controls from two Asian consortia. We describe six new susceptibility loci reaching a genome-wide threshold of P<5.0E-08. These findings provide additional insight into the underlying biological mechanisms of colorectal cancer and demonstrate the scientific value of large consortia-based genetic epidemiology studies.
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Decreased LRIG1 in fulvestrant-treated luminal breast cancer cells permits ErbB3 upregulation and increased growth. Oncogene 2015; 35:1143-52. [PMID: 26148232 PMCID: PMC4703573 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ErbB3, a member of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, is a potent activator of phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and mTOR signaling, driving tumor cell survival and therapeutic resistance in breast cancers. In luminal breast cancers, ErbB3 upregulation following treatment with the anti-estrogen fulvestrant enhances PI3K/mTOR-mediated cell survival. However, the mechanism by which ErbB3 is upregulated in fulvestrant-treated cells is unknown. We found that ErbB3 protein levels and cell surface presentation were increased following fulvestrant treatment, focusing our attention on proteins that regulate ErbB3 at the cell surface, including Nrdp1, NEDD4, and LRIG1. Among these, only LRIG1 correlated positively with ERα, but inversely with ErbB3 in clinical breast cancer datasets. LRIG1, an estrogen-inducible ErbB down-regulator, was decreased in a panel of fulvestrant-treated luminal breast cancer cells. Ectopic LRIG1 expression from an estrogen-independent promoter uncoupled LRIG1 from estrogen regulation, thus sustaining LRIG1 and maintaining low ErbB3 levels in fulvestrant-treated cells. An LRIG1 mutant lacking the ErbB3 interaction motif was insufficient to down-regulate ErbB3. Importantly, LRIG1 overexpression improved fulvestrant-mediated growth inhibition, while cells expressing the LRIG1 mutant were poorly sensitive to fulvestrant, despite effective ERα down-regulation. Consistent with these results, LRIG1 expression correlated positively with increased disease-free survival in anti-estrogen-treated breast cancer patients. These data suggest that ERα-dependent expression of LRIG1 dampens ErbB3 signaling in luminal breast cancer cells, and by blocking ERα activity with fulvestrant, LRIG1 is decreased thus permitting ErbB3 accumulation, enhanced ErbB3 signaling to cell survival pathways, and blunting therapeutic response to fulvestrant.
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Fite BZ, Wong A, Liu Y, Mahakian LM, Tam SM, Aina O, Hubbard NE, Borowsky A, Cardiff RD, Dumont E, Ferrara KW. Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of effective ablated volume following high intensity focused ultrasound. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120037. [PMID: 25785992 PMCID: PMC4365027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Under magnetic resonance (MR) guidance, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is capable of precise and accurate delivery of thermal dose to tissues. Given the excellent soft tissue imaging capabilities of MRI, but the lack of data on the correlation of MRI findings to histology following HIFU, we sought to examine tumor response to HIFU ablation to determine whether there was a correlation between histological findings and common MR imaging protocols in the assessment of the extent of thermal damage. Female FVB mice (n = 34), bearing bilateral neu deletion tumors, were unilaterally insonated under MR guidance, with the contralateral tumor as a control. Between one and five spots (focal size 0.5 × 0.5 × 2.5 mm3) were insonated per tumor with each spot receiving approximately 74.2 J of acoustic energy over a period of 7 seconds. Animals were then imaged on a 7T MR scanner with several protocols. T1 weighted images (with and without gadolinium contrast) were collected in addition to a series of T2 weighted and diffusion weighted images (for later reconstruction into T2 and apparent diffusion coefficient maps), immediately following ablation and at 6, 24, and 48 hours post treatment. Animals were sacrificed at each time point and both insonated/treated and contralateral tumors removed and stained for NADH-diaphorase, caspase 3, or with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). We found the area of non-enhancement on contrast enhanced T1 weighted imaging immediately post ablation correlated with the region of tissue receiving a thermal dose CEM43 ≥ 240 min. Moreover, while both tumor T2 and apparent diffusion coefficient values changed from pre-ablation values, contrast enhanced T1 weighted images appeared to be more senstive to changes in tissue viability following HIFU ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Z. Fite
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
| | - Andrew Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Mahakian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Tam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
| | - Olulanu Aina
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
| | - Neil E. Hubbard
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
| | - Alexander Borowsky
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
| | - Robert D. Cardiff
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
| | | | - Katherine W. Ferrara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tian P, Peng C, Zhang L. Biodegradable polymeric gene delivering nanoscale hybrid micelles enhance the suppression effect of LRIG1 in breast cancer. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03740a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymeric gene delivering nanoscale hybrid micelles enhance the suppression effect of LRIG1 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tian
- Chengdu Medical College – The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College
- Chengdu
- China
| | - ChaoMing Peng
- Chengdu Medical College – The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Chengdu Medical College – The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College
- Chengdu
- China
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Construction of human LRIG1-TAT fusions and TAT-mediated LRIG1 protein delivery. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 69:396-401. [PMID: 25661388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG1) is a tumor suppressor in animals and also functions as an endogenous suppressor in human tumor. The level of LRIG1 expression is highly associated with patient survival in clinic. The exploration of LRIG1 as a protein drug is an important task. HIV-1 transactivator of transcription peptide (TAT) is an excellent candidate for protein transduction. In this study, human LRIG1 was cloned and LRIG1-TAT fusion gene was constructed. The fusion proteins were produced by an Escherichia coli strain and purified by Ni(2+)-resin. Western blot assay and immunofluorescence microscopy were employed for monitoring LRIG1-TAT protein transduction into human neuroblastoma cells. Cell proliferation and invasion were measured for evaluating the effect of LRIG1-TAT on neuroblastoma cell. Our data showed that LRIG1 protein can be delivered into cells or organs in living animals by TAT. One-time transduction of LRIG1 proteins into human neuroblastoma cells enhanced cell proliferation and increased cell invasion. In vivo transduction showed that LRIG1-TAT protein can be presented in living animal organs. Our experiments provide a new vision on LRIG1 applications and also offer a therapy window for revealing the intrinsic function of LRIG1 on cells.
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50
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Soluble LRIG2 ectodomain is released from glioblastoma cells and promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo in a similar manner to the full-length LRIG2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111419. [PMID: 25353163 PMCID: PMC4213030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG) gene family contains LRIG1, 2 and 3, encoding integral membrane proteins with an ectodomain, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail. LRIG1 negatively regulates multiple receptor tyrosine kinases signaling including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and is a proposed tumor suppressor. The soluble LRIG1 ectodomain is demonstrated to be shed naturally and inhibit the progression of glioma. However, little is known regarding the functions of LRIG2. In oligodendroglioma, LRIG2 expression is associated with poor survival, suggesting that LRIG2 might have different functions compared with LRIG1. Since soluble LRIG1 ectodomain has a similar function to the full-length LRIG1, we hypothesize that the different roles exerted by LRIG2 and LRIG1 result from the difference of their ectodomains. Here, we addressed the functions of LRIG2 and LRIG2 ectodomain in the proliferation and apoptosis of glioma and the possible underlying mechanisms. Firstly, we found that LRIG2 expression levels positively correlated with the grade of glioma. Further, we demonstrated for the first time that soluble LRIG2 ectodomain was capable of being released from glioblastoma cells and exerted a pro-proliferative effect. Overexpression of LRIG2 ectodomain promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo in a similar manner to the full-length LRIG2. Both full-length LRIG2 and LRIG2 ectodomain were found to physically interact with EGFR, enhance the activation of EGFR and its downstream PI3 K/Akt pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that soluble LRIG2 ectodomain is capable of being released from glioblastoma cells and exerts a similar role to the full-length LRIG2 in the regulation of EGFR signaling in the progression of glioblastoma. LRIG2 ectodomain, with potent pro-tumor effects, holds promise for providing a new therapeutic target for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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