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Thenuwara G, Javed B, Singh B, Tian F. Biosensor-Enhanced Organ-on-a-Chip Models for Investigating Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2865. [PMID: 38732975 PMCID: PMC11086276 DOI: 10.3390/s24092865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, an aggressive primary brain tumor, poses a significant challenge owing to its dynamic and intricate tumor microenvironment. This review investigates the innovative integration of biosensor-enhanced organ-on-a-chip (OOC) models as a novel strategy for an in-depth exploration of glioblastoma tumor microenvironment dynamics. In recent years, the transformative approach of incorporating biosensors into OOC platforms has enabled real-time monitoring and analysis of cellular behaviors within a controlled microenvironment. Conventional in vitro and in vivo models exhibit inherent limitations in accurately replicating the complex nature of glioblastoma progression. This review addresses the existing research gap by pioneering the integration of biosensor-enhanced OOC models, providing a comprehensive platform for investigating glioblastoma tumor microenvironment dynamics. The applications of this combined approach in studying glioblastoma dynamics are critically scrutinized, emphasizing its potential to bridge the gap between simplistic models and the intricate in vivo conditions. Furthermore, the article discusses the implications of biosensor-enhanced OOC models in elucidating the dynamic features of the tumor microenvironment, encompassing cell migration, proliferation, and interactions. By furnishing real-time insights, these models significantly contribute to unraveling the complex biology of glioblastoma, thereby influencing the development of more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathree Thenuwara
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman Lower, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland; (G.T.); (B.J.)
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka
| | - Bilal Javed
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman Lower, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland; (G.T.); (B.J.)
- Nanolab Research Centre, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Camden Row, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Baljit Singh
- MiCRA Biodiagnostics Technology Gateway, Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin), D24 FKT9 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Furong Tian
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman Lower, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland; (G.T.); (B.J.)
- Nanolab Research Centre, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Camden Row, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Zhou Z, Feng Z, Sun X, Wang Y, Dou G. The Role of Galectin-3 in Retinal Degeneration and Other Ocular Diseases: A Potential Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15516. [PMID: 37958500 PMCID: PMC10649114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is the most studied member of the Galectin family, with a large range of mediation in biological activities such as cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, cell adhesion, and tissue repair, as well as in pathological processes such as inflammation, tissue fibrosis, and angiogenesis. As is known to all, inflammation, aberrant cell apoptosis, and neovascularization are the main pathophysiological processes in retinal degeneration and many ocular diseases. Therefore, the review aims to conclude the role of Gal3 in the retinal degeneration of various diseases as well as the occurrence and development of the diseases and discuss its molecular mechanisms according to research in systemic diseases. At the same time, we summarized the predictive role of Gal3 as a biomarker and the clinical application of its inhibitors to discuss the possibility of Gal3 as a novel target for the treatment of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yusheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Guorui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
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3
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Shi T, Zhu J, Zhang X, Mao X. The Role of Hypoxia and Cancer Stem Cells in Development of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092613. [PMID: 37174078 PMCID: PMC10177528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is recognized as the most malignant brain tumor with a high level of hypoxia, containing a small population of glioblastoma stem like cells (GSCs). These GSCs have the capacity of self-renewal, proliferation, invasion and recapitulating the parent tumor, and are major causes of radio-and chemoresistance of GBM. Upregulated expression of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) in hypoxia fundamentally contributes to maintenance and progression of GSCs. Therefore, we thoroughly reviewed the currently acknowledged roles of hypoxia-associated GSCs in development of GBM. In detail, we recapitulated general features of GBM, especially GSC-related features, and delineated essential responses resulted from interactions between GSC and hypoxia, including hypoxia-induced signatures, genes and pathways, and hypoxia-regulated metabolic alterations. Five hypothesized GSC niches are discussed and integrated into one comprehensive concept: hypoxic peri-arteriolar niche of GSCs. Autophagy, another protective mechanism against chemotherapy, is also closely related to hypoxia and is a potential therapeutic target for GBM. In addition, potential causes of therapeutic resistance (chemo-, radio-, surgical-, immuno-), and chemotherapeutic agents which can improve the therapeutic effects of chemo-, radio-, or immunotherapy are introduced and discussed. At last, as a potential approach to reverse the hypoxic microenvironment in GBM, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) might be an adjuvant therapy to chemo-and radiotherapy after surgery. In conclusion, we focus on demonstrating the important role of hypoxia on development of GBM, especially by affecting the function of GSCs. Important advantages have been made to understand the complicated responses induced by hypoxia in GBM. Further exploration of targeting hypoxia and GSCs can help to develop novel therapeutic strategies to improve the survival of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xinggang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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4
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Lee YG, Yang N, Chun I, Porazzi P, Carturan A, Paruzzo L, Sauter CT, Guruprasad P, Pajarillo R, Ruella M. Apoptosis: a Janus bifrons in T-cell immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e005967. [PMID: 37055217 PMCID: PMC10106075 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer. In particular, immune checkpoint blockade, bispecific antibodies, and adoptive T-cell transfer have yielded unprecedented clinical results in hematological malignancies and solid cancers. While T cell-based immunotherapies have multiple mechanisms of action, their ultimate goal is achieving apoptosis of cancer cells. Unsurprisingly, apoptosis evasion is a key feature of cancer biology. Therefore, enhancing cancer cells' sensitivity to apoptosis represents a key strategy to improve clinical outcomes in cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, cancer cells are characterized by several intrinsic mechanisms to resist apoptosis, in addition to features to promote apoptosis in T cells and evade therapy. However, apoptosis is double-faced: when it occurs in T cells, it represents a critical mechanism of failure for immunotherapies. This review will summarize the recent efforts to enhance T cell-based immunotherapies by increasing apoptosis susceptibility in cancer cells and discuss the role of apoptosis in modulating the survival of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment and potential strategies to overcome this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gu Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicholas Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Inkook Chun
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrizia Porazzi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alberto Carturan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luca Paruzzo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Piemonte, Italy
| | - Christopher Tor Sauter
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Puneeth Guruprasad
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raymone Pajarillo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marco Ruella
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Aslanis V, Slack RJ, MacKinnon AC, McClinton C, Tantawi S, Gravelle L, Nilsson UJ, Leffler H, Brooks A, Khindri SK, Marshall RP, Pedersen A, Schambye H, Zetterberg F. Safety and pharmacokinetics of GB1211, an oral galectin-3 inhibitor: a single- and multiple-dose first-in-human study in healthy participants. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 91:267-280. [PMID: 36914828 PMCID: PMC10010643 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin, plays a key role in several cellular pathways involved in chronic inflammation, heart disease and cancer. GB1211 is an orally bioavailable galectin-3 inhibitor, developed to be systemically active. We report safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of GB1211 in healthy participants. METHODS This phase 1, double-blind, placebo-controlled, first-in-human study (NCT03809052) included a single ascending-dose phase (with a food-effect cohort) where participants across seven sequential cohorts were randomized 3:1 to receive oral GB1211 (5, 20, 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg) or placebo. In the multiple ascending-dose phase, participants received 50 or 100 mg GB1211 or placebo twice daily for 10 days. All doses were administered in the fasted state except in the food-effect cohort where doses were given 30 min after a high-fat meal. RESULTS All 78 participants received at least one GB1211 dose (n = 58) or placebo (n = 20) and completed the study. No safety concerns were identified. Following single and multiple oral doses under fasted conditions, maximum GB1211 plasma concentrations were reached at 1.75-4 h (median) post-dose; mean half-life was 11-16 h. There was a ~ twofold GB1211 accumulation in plasma with multiple dosing, with steady-state reached within 3 days; 30% of the administered dose was excreted in urine as unchanged drug. Absorption in the fed state was delayed by 2 h but systemic exposure was unaffected. CONCLUSION GB1211 was well tolerated, rapidly absorbed, and displayed favorable PK, indicating a potential to treat multiple disease types. These findings support further clinical development of GB1211. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT03809052).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
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6
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Martínez-Bailén M, Rojo J, Ramos-Soriano J. Multivalent glycosystems for human lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:536-572. [PMID: 36545903 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00736c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human lectins are involved in a wide variety of biological processes, both physiological and pathological, which have attracted the interest of the scientific community working in the glycoscience field. Multivalent glycosystems have been employed as useful tools to understand carbohydrate-lectin binding processes as well as for biomedical applications. The review shows the different scaffolds designed for a multivalent presentation of sugars and their corresponding binding studies to lectins and in some cases, their biological activities. We summarise this research by organizing based on lectin types to highlight the progression in this active field. The paper provides an overall picture of how these contributions have furnished relevant information on this topic to help in understanding and participate in these carbohydrate-lectin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Martínez-Bailén
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain.
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain.
| | - Javier Ramos-Soriano
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain.
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7
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Lidström T, Cumming J, Gaur R, Frängsmyr L, Pateras IS, Mickert MJ, Franklin O, Forsell MN, Arnberg N, Dongre M, Patthey C, Öhlund D. Extracellular Galectin 4 Drives Immune Evasion and Promotes T-cell Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:72-92. [PMID: 36478037 PMCID: PMC9808371 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by rich deposits of extracellular matrix (ECM), affecting the pathophysiology of the disease. Here, we identified galectin 4 (gal 4) as a cancer cell-produced protein that was deposited into the ECM of PDAC tumors and detected high-circulating levels of gal 4 in patients with PDAC. In orthotopic transplantation experiments, we observed increased infiltration of T cells and prolonged survival in immunocompetent mice transplanted with cancer cells with reduced expression of gal 4. Increased survival was not observed in immunodeficient RAG1-/- mice, demonstrating that the effect was mediated by the adaptive immune system. By performing single-cell RNA-sequencing, we found that the myeloid compartment and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subtypes were altered in the transplanted tumors. Reduced gal 4 expression associated with a higher proportion of myofibroblastic CAFs and reduced numbers of inflammatory CAFs. We also found higher proportions of M1 macrophages, T cells, and antigen-presenting dendritic cells in tumors with reduced gal 4 expression. Using a coculture system, we observed that extracellular gal 4 induced apoptosis in T cells by binding N-glycosylation residues on CD3ε/δ. Hence, we show that gal 4 is involved in immune evasion and identify gal 4 as a promising drug target for overcoming immunosuppression in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Lidström
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Joshua Cumming
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rahul Gaur
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Frängsmyr
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ioannis S. Pateras
- 2nd Department of Pathology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Oskar Franklin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Niklas Arnberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mitesh Dongre
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Cedric Patthey
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel Öhlund
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Corresponding Author: Daniel Öhlund, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden. Phone: 469-0785-1727; E-mail:
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8
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Highlights on the Role of Galectin-3 in Colorectal Cancer and the Preventive/Therapeutic Potential of Food-Derived Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010052. [PMID: 36612048 PMCID: PMC9817985 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite advances in surgical and therapeutic management, tumor metastases and resistance to therapy still represent major hurdles. CRC risk is highly modifiable by lifestyle factors, including diet, which strongly influences both cancer incidence and related mortality. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifaceted protein involved in multiple pathophysiological pathways underlying chronic inflammation and cancer. Its versatility is given by the ability to participate in a wide range of tumor-promoting processes, including cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions, cell growth regulation and apoptosis, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This review provides an updated summary of preclinical and observational human studies investigating the pathogenetic role of Gal-3 in intestinal inflammation and CRC, as well as the potential of Gal-3 activity inhibition by plant-source food-derived bioactive compounds to control CRC onset/growth. These studies highlight both direct and immuno-mediated effects of Gal-3 on tumor growth and invasiveness and its potential role as a CRC prognostic biomarker. Substantial evidence indicates natural food-derived Gal-3 inhibitors as promising candidates for CRC prevention and therapy. However, critical issues, such as their bioavailability and efficacy, in controlled human studies need to be addressed to translate research progress into clinical applications.
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9
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Herrador-Cañete G, Zalacain M, Labiano S, Laspidea V, Puigdelloses M, Marrodan L, Garcia-Moure M, Gonzalez-Huarriz M, Marco-Sanz J, Ausejo-Mauleon I, de la Nava D, Hernández-Osuna R, Martínez-García J, Silva-Pilipich N, Gurucega E, Patiño-García A, Hernández-Alcoceba R, Smerdou C, Alonso MM. Galectin-3 inhibition boosts the therapeutic efficacy of Semliki Forest virus in pediatric osteosarcoma. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 26:246-264. [PMID: 35949950 PMCID: PMC9345771 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcomes of metastatic and nonresponder pediatric osteosarcoma patients are very poor and have not improved in the last 30 years. These tumors harbor a highly immunosuppressive environment, making existing immunotherapies ineffective. Here, we evaluated the use of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) vectors expressing galectin-3 (Gal3) inhibitors as therapeutic tools, since both the inhibition of Gal3, which is involved in immunosuppression and metastasis, and virotherapy based on SFV have been demonstrated to reduce tumor progression in different tumor models. In vitro, inhibitors based on the Gal3 amino-terminal domain alone (Gal3-N) or fused to a Gal3 peptide inhibitor (Gal3-N-C12) were able to block the binding of Gal3 to the surface of activated T cells. In vivo, SFV expressing Gal3-N-C12 induced strong antitumor responses in orthotopic K7M2 and MOS-J osteosarcoma tumors, leading to complete regressions in 47% and 30% of mice, respectively. Pulmonary metastases were also reduced in K7M2 tumor-bearing mice after treatment with SFV-Gal3-N-C12. Both the antitumor and antimetastatic responses were dependent on modulation of the immune system, primarily including an increase in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and a reduction in the immunosuppressive environment inside tumors. Our results demonstrated that SFV-Gal3-N-C12 could constitute a potential therapeutic agent for osteosarcoma patients expressing Gal3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Herrador-Cañete
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Marta Zalacain
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Sara Labiano
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Virginia Laspidea
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Montserrat Puigdelloses
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Lucía Marrodan
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Marc Garcia-Moure
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Marisol Gonzalez-Huarriz
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Javier Marco-Sanz
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Iker Ausejo-Mauleon
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Daniel de la Nava
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Reyes Hernández-Osuna
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-García
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Noelia Silva-Pilipich
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Gurucega
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Bioinformatics Platform, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Ana Patiño-García
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Rubén Hernández-Alcoceba
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Cristian Smerdou
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Marta M Alonso
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
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10
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An Y, Xu S, Liu Y, Xu X, Philips CA, Chen J, Méndez-Sánchez N, Guo X, Qi X. Role of Galectins in the Liver Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:744518. [PMID: 34778306 PMCID: PMC8578830 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.744518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, are related to the development and progression of various human diseases such as cancer, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. However, its role in liver diseases is unclear. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs), and mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs were pooled to evaluate the association of the galectins with the outcomes and risk of liver diseases by a random effects model. Results: Thirty three studies involving 43 cohorts and 4,168 patients with liver diseases were included. In the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), high expression of galectin-1 and -3 in the tissues was significantly associated with worse overall survival (galectin-1: HR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.61-2.34, p < 0.001; galectin-3: HR = 3.29, 95% CI = 1.62-6.68, p < 0.001) and positive vascular invasion (galectin-1: OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.18-2.58, p = 0.005; galectin-3: OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.58-5.60, p = 0.001); but, high expression of galectin-4 and -9 in the tissues was significantly associated with better overall survival (galectin-4: HR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.36-0.79, p = 0.002; galectin-9: HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.44-0.71, p < 0.001) and negative vascular invasion (galectin-4: OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.19-0.72, p = 0.003; galectin-9: OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.37-0.97, p = 0.037). Serum galectin-3 level was significantly higher in HCC (MD = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.79-4.32, p < 0.001), liver failure (MD = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.23-0.66, p < 0.001), liver cirrhosis (MD = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.15-2.51, p < 0.001), and chronic active hepatitis B (MD = 18.95, 95% CI = 10.91-27.00, p < 0.001); serum galectin-9 level was significantly higher in HCC (MD = 3.74, 95% CI = 2.57-4.91, p < 0.001) and autoimmune hepatitis (MD = 8.80, 95% CI = 7.61-9.99, p < 0.001). Conclusion: High galectin-1 and -3 and low galectin-4 and -9 expression indicate worse outcomes of patients with HCC. Serum galectin-3 and -9 levels are positively associated with the risk of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang An
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shixue Xu
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangbo Xu
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cyriac Abby Philips
- The Liver Unit and Monarch Liver Laboratory, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Center, Kochi, India
| | - Jiang Chen
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Liver Research Unit Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation and Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Xiaozhong Guo
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
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11
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Mattox AK, Roelands J, Saal TM, Cheng Y, Rinchai D, Hendrickx W, Young GD, Diefenbach TJ, Berger AE, Westra WH, Bishop JA, Faquin WC, Marincola FM, Pittet MJ, Bedognetti D, Pai SI. Myeloid Cells Are Enriched in Tonsillar Crypts, Providing Insight into the Host Tropism of Human Papillomavirus. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1774-1786. [PMID: 34303699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are the second leading cause of cancer worldwide, and human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck cancers are increasing in incidence in the United States. HPV preferentially infects the crypts of the tonsils rather than the surface epithelium. The present study sought to characterize the unique microenvironment within the crypts to better understand the host tropism of HPV to a lymphoid-rich organ. Laser-capture microdissection of distinct anatomic areas (crypts, surface epithelium, and germinal centers) of the tonsil, coupled with transcriptional analysis and multiparameter immunofluorescence staining, was performed and demonstrated that the tonsillar crypts are enriched with myeloid populations that co-express multiple canonical and noncanonical immune checkpoints, including PD-L1, CTLA-4, HAVCR2 (TIM-3), ADORA2A, IDO1, BTLA, LGALS3, CDH1, CEACAM1, PVR, and C10orf54 (VISTA). The resident monocytes may foster a permissive microenvironment that facilitates HPV infection and persistence. Furthermore, the myeloid populations within HPV-associated tonsil cancers co-express the same immune checkpoints, providing insight into potential novel immunotherapeutic targets for HPV-associated head and neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin K Mattox
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica Roelands
- Cancer Program, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar; Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Talia M Saal
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yang Cheng
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Darawan Rinchai
- Cancer Program, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Geoffrey D Young
- Miami Cancer Institute and Department of Surgery, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Alan E Berger
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William H Westra
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - William C Faquin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mikael J Pittet
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sara I Pai
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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12
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Qin Q, Lang S, Huang X. Synthetic linear glycopolymers and their biological applications. J Carbohydr Chem 2021; 40:1-44. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2021.1928156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan StateUniversity, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shuyao Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan StateUniversity, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan StateUniversity, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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13
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Heine V, Hovorková M, Vlachová M, Filipová M, Bumba L, Janoušková O, Hubálek M, Cvačka J, Petrásková L, Pelantová H, Křen V, Elling L, Bojarová P. Immunoprotective neo-glycoproteins: Chemoenzymatic synthesis of multivalent glycomimetics for inhibition of cancer-related galectin-3. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113500. [PMID: 33962190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 plays a crucial role in cancerogenesis; its targeting is a prospective pathway in cancer diagnostics and therapy. Multivalent presentation of glycans was shown to strongly increase the affinity of glycoconjugates to galectin-3. Further strengthening of interaction with galectin-3 may be accomplished using artificial glycomimetics with apt aryl substitutions. We established a new, as yet undescribed chemoenzymatic method to produce selective C-3-substituted N,N'-diacetyllactosamine glycomimetics and coupled them to human serum albumin. From a library of enzymes, only β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Talaromyces flavus was able to efficiently synthesize the C-3-propargylated disaccharide. Various aryl residues were attached to the functionalized N,N'-diacetyllactosamine via click chemistry to assess the impact of the aromatic substitution. In ELISA-type assays with galectin-3, free glycomimetics exhibited up to 43-fold stronger inhibitory potency to Gal-3 than the lactose standard. Coupling to human serum albumin afforded multivalent neo-glycoproteins with up to 4209-fold increased inhibitory potency per glycan compared to the monovalent lactose standard. Surface plasmon resonance brought further information on the kinetics of galectin-3 inhibition. The potential of prepared neo-glycoproteins to target galectin-3 was demonstrated on colorectal adenocarcinoma DLD-1 cells. We investigated the uptake of neo-glycoproteins into cells and observed limited non-specific transport into the cytoplasm. Therefore, neo-glycoproteins primarily act as efficient scavengers of exogenous galectin-3 of cancer cells, inhibiting its interaction with the cell surface, and protecting T-lymphocytes against galectin-3-induced apoptosis. The present neo-glycoproteins combine the advantage of a straightforward synthesis, selectivity, non-toxicity, and high efficiency for targeting exogenous galectin-3, with possible application in the immunomodulatory treatment of galectin-3-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Heine
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 20, D-52079 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michaela Hovorková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miluše Vlachová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Filipová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hubálek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lothar Elling
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 20, D-52079 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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14
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Mitchell K, Troike K, Silver DJ, Lathia JD. The evolution of the cancer stem cell state in glioblastoma: emerging insights into the next generation of functional interactions. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:199-213. [PMID: 33173943 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity is a hallmark of advanced cancers and has been ascribed in part to a population of self-renewing, therapeutically resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor, has served as a platform for the study of CSCs. In addition to illustrating the complexities of CSC biology, these investigations have led to a deeper understanding of GBM pathogenesis, revealed novel therapeutic targets, and driven innovation towards the development of next-generation therapies. While there continues to be an expansion in our knowledge of how CSCs contribute to GBM progression, opportunities have emerged to revisit this conceptual framework. In this review, we will summarize the current state of CSCs in GBM using key concepts of evolution as a paradigm (variation, inheritance, selection, and time) to describe how the CSC state is subject to alterations of cell intrinsic and extrinsic interactions that shape their evolutionarily trajectory. We identify emerging areas for future consideration, including appreciating CSCs as a cell state that is subject to plasticity, as opposed to a discrete population. These future considerations will not only have an impact on our understanding of this ever-expanding field but will also provide an opportunity to inform future therapies to effectively treat this complex and devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Mitchell
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Katie Troike
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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15
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Velickovic M, Arsenijevic A, Acovic A, Arsenijevic D, Milovanovic J, Dimitrijevic J, Todorovic Z, Milovanovic M, Kanjevac T, Arsenijevic N. Galectin-3, Possible Role in Pathogenesis of Periodontal Diseases and Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:638258. [PMID: 33815121 PMCID: PMC8017193 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.638258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases that occur due to the imbalance between microbial communities in the oral cavity and the immune response of the host that lead to destruction of tooth supporting structures and finally to alveolar bone loss. Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin with important roles in numerous biological processes. By direct binding to microbes and modulation of their clearence, Galectin-3 can affect the composition of microbial community in the oral cavity. Galectin-3 also modulates the function of many immune cells in the gingiva and gingival sulcus and thus can affect immune homeostasis. Few clinical studies demonstrated increased expression of Galectin-3 in different forms of periodontal diseases. Therefore, the objective of this mini review is to discuss the possible effects of Galectin-3 on the process of immune homeostasis and the balance between oral microbial community and host response and to provide insights into the potential therapeutic targeting of Gal-3 in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Velickovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Acovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Arsenijevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dimitrijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zeljko Todorovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Kanjevac
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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16
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Srejovic IM, Lukic ML. Galectin-3 in T cell-mediated immunopathology and autoimmunity. Immunol Lett 2021; 233:57-67. [PMID: 33753135 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is the only member of galectin family able to form pentamers and heterodimers with chemokines. Its presence in various cells and tissues suggests variety of regulatory functions in physiological conditions, but increasing body of evidence indicates involvement of Gal-3 in pathological cascades of many diseases. Gal-3 exerts different, sometimes opposite, effects in various disorders or in different phases of the same disease. These differences in action of Gal-3 are related to the localization of Gal-3 in the cell, types of receptors through which it acts, or the types of cells that secrete it. As a regulator of immune response and T-cell activity, Gal-3 appears to have important role in development of autoimmunity mediated by T cells. Absence of Gal-3 in C57Bl6 mice favors Th2 mediated inflammatory myocarditis but attenuate fibrosis. Recent data also indicate Gal-3 involvement in development atherosclerosis. In pathogenesis of diabetes type 1 and autoimmune components of diabetes type 2 Gal-3 may have detrimental or protective role depending on its intracellular or extracellular localization. Gal-3 mediates autoimmune hepatic damage through activation of T-cells or natural killer T cells. Gal-3 is an important mediator in neurodevelopment, neuropathology and behavior due to its expression both in neurons and glial cells. All together, assessing the role of Gal-3 in immunopathology and autoimmunity it could be concluded that it is an important participant in pathogenesis, as well as promising monitoring marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M Srejovic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Miodrag L Lukic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia; University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
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17
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Shabalina T, Yin T, May K, König S. Proofs for genotype by environment interactions considering pedigree and genomic data from organic and conventional cow reference populations. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4452-4466. [PMID: 33589254 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to prove genotype by environment interactions (G × E) for production, longevity, and health traits considering conventional and organic German Holstein dairy cattle subpopulations. The full data set included 141,778 Holstein cows from 57 conventional herds and 7,915 cows from 9 organic herds. The analyzed traits were first-lactation milk yield and fat percentage (FP), the length of productive life (LPL) and the health traits mastitis, ovarian cycle disorders, and digital dermatitis in first lactation. A subset of phenotyped cows was genotyped and used for the implementation of separate cow reference populations. After SNP quality controls, the cow reference sets considered 40,830 SNP from 19,700 conventional cows and the same 40,830 SNP from 1,282 organic cows. The proof of possible G × E was made via multiple-trait model applications, considering same traits from the conventional and organic population as different traits. In this regard, pedigree (A), genomic (G) and combined relationship (H) matrices were constructed. For the production traits, heritabilities were very similar in both organic and conventional populations (i.e., close to 0.70 for FP and close to 0.40 for milk yield). For low heritability health traits and LPL, stronger heritability fluctuations were observed, especially for digital dermatitis with 0.05 ± 0.01 (organic, A matrix) to 0.33 ± 0.04 (conventional, G matrix). Quite large genetic correlations between same traits from the 2 environments were estimated for production traits, especially for high heritability FP. For LPL, the genetic correlation was 0.67 (A matrix) and 0.66 (H matrix). The genetic correlation between LPL organic with LPL conventional was 0.94 when considering the G matrix, but only 213 genotyped cows were included. For health traits, genetic correlations were throughout lower than 0.80, indicating possible G × E. Genetic correlations from the different matrices A, G, and H for health and production traits followed the same pattern, but the estimates from G for health traits were associated with quite large standard errors. In genome-wide association studies, significantly associated SNP for production traits overlapped in the conventional and organic population. In contrast, for low heritability LPL and health traits, significantly associated SNP and annotated potential candidate genes differed in both populations. In this regard, significantly associated SNP for mastitis from conventional cows were located on Bos taurus autosomes 6 and 19, but on Bos taurus autosomes 1, 10, and 22 in the organic population. For the remaining health traits and LPL, different potential candidate genes were annotated, but the different genes reflect similar physiological pathways. We found evidence of G × E for low heritability functional traits, suggesting different breeding approaches in organic and conventional populations. Nevertheless, for a verification of results and implementation of alternative breeding strategies, it is imperative to increase the organic cow reference population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shabalina
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Ludwigstraße 21B, 35390 Gießen, Germany; Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Institute of Animal Breeding, Prof.-Dürwaechter-Platz 1, 85586 Poing, Germany
| | - T Yin
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Ludwigstraße 21B, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - K May
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Ludwigstraße 21B, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - S König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Ludwigstraße 21B, 35390 Gießen, Germany.
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18
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The therapeutic potential of galectin-3 inhibition in fibrotic disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 130:105881. [PMID: 33181315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding mammalian lectin and part of the 15 member galectin family that are evolutionarily highly conserved. It is the only chimeric protein with a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) linked to a proline, glycine, and tyrosine rich additional N-terminal domain. Galectin-3 binds several cell surface glycoproteins via its CRD domain as well as undergoing oligomerization, via binding at the N-terminal or the CRD, resulting in the formation of a galectin-3 lattice on the cell surface. The galectin-3 lattice has been regarded as being a crucial mechanism whereby extracellular galectin-3 modulates cellular signalling by prolonging retention time or retarding lateral movement of cell surface receptors in the plasma membrane. As such galectin-3 can regulate various cellular functions such as diffusion, compartmentalization and endocytosis of plasma membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids and the functionality of membrane receptors. In multiple models of organ fibrosis, it has been demonstrated that galectin-3 is potently pro-fibrotic and modulates the activity of fibroblasts and macrophages in chronically inflamed organs. Increased galectin-3 expression also activates myofibroblasts resulting in scar formation and may therefore impact common fibrotic pathways leading to fibrosis in multiple organs. Over the last decade there has been a marked increase in the scientific literature investigating galectin-3 in a range of fibrotic diseases as well as the clinical development of new galectin-3 inhibitors. In this review we will examine the role of galectin-3 in fibrosis, the therapeutic strategies for inhibiting galectin-3 in fibrotic disease and the clinical landscape to date.
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19
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Freitag N, Tirado-González I, Barrientos G, Cohen M, Daher S, Goldman-Wohl D, Mincheva-Nilsson L, John CM, Jeschke U, Blois SM. The chimera-type galectin-3 is a positive modulator of trophoblast functions with dysregulated expression in gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13311. [PMID: 32691950 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM From conception, a delicate regulation of galectins, a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins, is established to ensure maternal immune tolerance in pregnancy. Though galectin-3 (gal-3), the only chimera-type galectin, is abundantly expressed at the feto-maternal interface; the physiological role of this lectin during pregnancy remains to be fully elucidated and requires further investigation. METHOD OF STUDY In this study, we analyzed serum gal-3 levels during the course of healthy gestation. Trophoblast functions were evaluated upon gal-3 exogenous stimulation using trophoblastic cell lines (e.g. , HIPEC65, SGHPL-4, and BeWo cells). Finally, we investigated variations in peripheral gal-3 levels associated with the development of spontaneous abortion and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). RESULTS Gal-3 circulating levels increased as normal pregnancy progressed. In vitro experiments showed that exogenous gal-3 positively regulated trophoblast functions inducing invasion, tube formation, and fusion. Compared with normal pregnant women, circulating gal-3 levels were significantly decreased in patients who developed GDM. CONCLUSION Our results reveal a physiological role for gal-3 during pregnancy, promoting proper trophoblast functions associated with healthy gestation. GDM is associated with a failure to increase circulating gal-3 levels late in gestation. Thus, dysregulation of gal-3 may indicate a contribution of the chimera-type lectin to this adverse pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Freitag
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, AG GlycoImmunology, the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Tirado-González
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, AG GlycoImmunology, the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marie Cohen
- Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Daher
- Department of Obstetrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debra Goldman-Wohl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Magda and Richard Hoffman Center for Human Placenta Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lucia Mincheva-Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, AG GlycoImmunology, the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Liu W, Xiao K, Ren L, Sui Y, Chen J, Zhang T, Li XQ, Cao W. Leukemia cells apoptosis by a newly discovered heterogeneous polysaccharide from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Freitag N, Tirado-Gonzalez I, Barrientos G, Powell KL, Boehm-Sturm P, Koch SP, Hecher K, Staff AC, Arck PC, Diemert A, Blois SM. Galectin-3 deficiency in pregnancy increases the risk of fetal growth restriction (FGR) via placental insufficiency. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:560. [PMID: 32703931 PMCID: PMC7378206 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is the most common pregnancy complication in developed countries. Pregnancies affected by FGR, frequently concur with complications and high risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality. To date, no approved treatment is available for pregnant women affected with FGR. The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of galectin-3 (gal-3), a β-galactoside binding protein involved in pregnancy, placental function and fetal growth. We demonstrated that lack of gal-3 during mouse pregnancy leads to placental dysfunction and drives FGR in the absence of a maternal preeclampsia syndrome. Analysis of gal-3 deficient dams revealed placental inflammation and malperfusion, as well as uterine natural killer cell infiltration with aberrant activation. Our results also show that FGR is associated with a failure to increase maternal circulating gal-3 levels during the second and third trimester in human pregnancies. Placentas from human pregnancies affected by FGR displayed lower gal-3 expression, which correlated with placental dysfunction. These data highlight the importance of gal-3 in the promotion of proper placental function, as its absence leads to placental disease and subsequent FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Freitag
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Tirado-Gonzalez
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Alemán, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Katie L Powell
- Division of Perinatal Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Philipp Boehm-Sturm
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universitätzu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7 T Experimental MRIs, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan P Koch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universitätzu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7 T Experimental MRIs, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kurt Hecher
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Anne C Staff
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petra C Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Anke Diemert
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20251, Germany.
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22
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Filipová M, Bojarová P, Rodrigues Tavares M, Bumba L, Elling L, Chytil P, Gunár K, Křen V, Etrych T, Janoušková O. Glycopolymers for Efficient Inhibition of Galectin-3: In Vitro Proof of Efficacy Using Suppression of T Lymphocyte Apoptosis and Tumor Cell Migration. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3122-3133. [PMID: 32697592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient galectin-3 (Gal-3) inhibitors draws attention in the field of anti-cancer therapy, especially due to the prominent role of extra- and intracellular Gal-3 in vital processes of cancerogenesis, such as immunosuppression, stimulation of tumor cells proliferation, survival, invasion, apoptotic resistance, and metastasis formation and progression. Here, by combining poly-LacNAc (Galβ4GlcNAc)-derived oligosaccharides with N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers, we synthesized multivalent glycopolymer inhibitors with a high potential to target extracellular and intracellular Gal-3. The inhibitory capabilities of the best conjugate in the studied series were in the nanomolar range proving the excellent Gal-3 inhibitory potential. Moreover, thorough investigation of the inhibitory effect in the biological conditions showed that the glycopolymers strongly inhibited Gal-3-induced apoptosis of T lymphocytes and suppressed migration and spreading of colorectal, breast, melanoma, and prostate cancer cells. In sum, the strong inhibitory activity toward Gal-3, combined with favorable pharmacokinetics of HPMA copolymers ensuring enhanced tumor accumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention effect, nominate the glycopolymers containing LacdiNAc-LacNAc (GalNAcβ4GlcNAcβ3Galβ4GlcNAc) tetrasaccharide as promising tools for preclinical in anti-cancer therapy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Filipová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic.,Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Sítná Sq. 3105, CZ-27201 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Rodrigues Tavares
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Lothar Elling
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 20, D-52079 Aachen, Germany
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Gunár
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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23
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Gonnermann D, Oberg HH, Lettau M, Peipp M, Bauerschlag D, Sebens S, Kabelitz D, Wesch D. Galectin-3 Released by Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Suppresses γδ T Cell Proliferation but Not Their Cytotoxicity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1328. [PMID: 32695112 PMCID: PMC7338555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with a dense desmoplastic stroma. The expression of β-galactoside-binding protein galectin-3 is regarded as an intrinsic tumor escape mechanism for inhibition of tumor-infiltrating T cell function. In this study, we demonstrated that galectin-3 is expressed by PDAC and by γδ or αβ T cells but is only released in small amounts by either cell population. Interestingly, large amounts of galectin-3 were released during the co-culture of allogeneic in vitro expanded or allogeneic or autologous resting T cells with PDAC cells. By focusing on the co-culture of tumor cells and γδ T cells, we observed that knockdown of galectin-3 in tumor cells identified these cells as the source of secreted galectin-3. Galectin-3 released by tumor cells or addition of physiological concentrations of recombinant galectin-3 did neither further inhibit the impaired γδ T cell cytotoxicity against PDAC cells nor did it induce cell death of in vitro expanded γδ T cells. Initial proliferation of resting peripheral blood and tumor-infiltrating Vδ2-expressing γδ T cells was impaired by galectin-3 in a cell-cell-contact dependent manner. The interaction of galectin-3 with α3β1 integrin expressed by Vδ2 γδ T cells was involved in the inhibition of γδ T cell proliferation. The addition of bispecific antibodies targeting γδ T cells to PDAC cells enhanced their cytotoxic activity independent of the galectin-3 release. These results are of high relevance in the context of an in vivo application of bispecific antibodies which can enhance cytotoxic activity of γδ T cells against tumor cells but probably not their proliferation when galectin-3 is present. In contrast, adoptive transfer of in vitro expanded γδ T cells together with bispecific antibodies will enhance γδ T cell cytotoxicity and overcomes the immunosuppressive function of galectin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gonnermann
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) and Christian-Albrechts University (CAU) of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Oberg
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) and Christian-Albrechts University (CAU) of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcus Lettau
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) and Christian-Albrechts University (CAU) of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, UKSH, CAU Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk Bauerschlag
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UKSH, Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, UKSH, CAU Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) and Christian-Albrechts University (CAU) of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) and Christian-Albrechts University (CAU) of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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24
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Galectins in the Tumor Microenvironment: Focus on Galectin-1. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1259:17-38. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43093-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Tavares MR, Bláhová M, Sedláková L, Elling L, Pelantová H, Konefał R, Etrych T, Křen V, Bojarová P, Chytil P. High-Affinity N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Copolymers with Tailored N-Acetyllactosamine Presentation Discriminate between Galectins. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:641-652. [PMID: 31904940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetyllactosamine (LacNAc; Galβ4GlcNAc) is a typical disaccharide ligand of galectins. The most abundant members of these human lectins, galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3), participate in a number of pathologies including cancerogenesis and metastatic formation. In this study, we synthesized a series of fifteen N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA)-based glycopolymers with varying LacNAc amounts and presentations and evaluated the impact of their architecture on the binding affinity to Gal-1 and Gal-3. The controlled radical reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization technique afforded linear polymer precursors with comparable molecular weight (Mn ≈ 22,000 g mol-1) and narrow dispersity (D̵ ≈ 1.1). The precursors were conjugated with the functionalized LacNAc disaccharide (4-22 mol % content in glycopolymer) prepared by enzymatic synthesis under catalysis by β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. The structure-affinity relationship study based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the type of LacNAc presentation, individual or clustered on bi- or trivalent linkers, brings a clear discrimination (almost 300-fold) between Gal-1 and Gal-3, reaching avidity to Gal-1 in the nanomolar range. Whereas Gal-1 strongly preferred a dense presentation of individually distributed LacNAc epitopes, Gal-3 preferred a clustered LacNAc presentation. Such a strong galectin preference based just on the structure of a multivalent glycopolymer type is exceptional. The prepared nontoxic, nonimmunogenic, and biocompatible glycopolymers are prospective for therapeutic applications requiring selectivity for one particular galectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rodrigues Tavares
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Bláhová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Lieselotte Sedláková
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , CZ-142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic.,Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering , Czech Technical University in Prague , Sítná sq. 3105 , CZ-272 01 Kladno , Czech Republic
| | - Lothar Elling
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering , RWTH Aachen , Pauwelstr. 20 , D-52079 Aachen , Germany
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , CZ-142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic
| | - Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , CZ-142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , CZ-142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic.,Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering , Czech Technical University in Prague , Sítná sq. 3105 , CZ-272 01 Kladno , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
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26
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Sasawatari S, Okamoto Y, Kumanogoh A, Toyofuku T. Blockade of N-Glycosylation Promotes Antitumor Immune Response of T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1373-1385. [PMID: 31969386 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cellular therapy and its derivative, chimeric AgR T cell therapy, have achieved significant progress against cancer. Major barriers persist, however, including insufficient induction of cytotoxic T cells and exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In this study, we discovered a new role for 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) in enhancing the antitumor activity of human T cells against NKG2D ligand-expressing tumor cells. Human T cells treated with 2DG upregulated the NK-specific transcription factors TOX2 and EOMES, thereby acquiring NK cell properties, including high levels of perforin/granzyme and increased sensitivity to IL-2. Notably, rather than inhibiting glycolysis, 2DG modified N-glycosylation, which augmented antitumor activity and cell surface retention of IL-2R of T cells. Moreover, 2DG treatment prevented T cells from binding to galectin-3, a potent tumor Ag associated with T cell anergy. Our results, therefore, suggest that modifying N-glycosylation of T cells with 2DG could improve the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemi Sasawatari
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Okamoto
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Toyofuku
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
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27
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Gilson RC, Gunasinghe SD, Johannes L, Gaus K. Galectin-3 modulation of T-cell activation: mechanisms of membrane remodelling. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 76:101010. [PMID: 31682868 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal3) is a multifaceted protein which belongs to a family of lectins and binds β-galactosides. Gal3 expression is altered in many types of cancer, with increased expression generally associated with poor prognosis. Although the mechanisms remain unknown, Gal3 has been implicated in several biological processes involved in cancer progression, including suppression of T cell-mediated immune responses. Extracellular Gal3 binding to the plasma membrane of T cells alters membrane organization and the formation of an immunological synapse. Its multivalent capacity allows Gal3 to interact specifically with different membrane proteins and lipids, influencing endocytosis, trafficking and T cell receptor signalling. The ability of Gal3 to inhibit T cell responses may provide a mechanism by which Gal3 aids in cancer progression. In this review, we seek to give an overview of the mechanisms by which Gal3 alters the spatial organization of cell membranes and how these processes impact on T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Gilson
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sachith D Gunasinghe
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology unit, UMR3666, CNRS, U1143, INSERM, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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28
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Xue H, Zhao Z, Lin Z, Geng J, Guan Y, Song C, Zhou Y, Tai G. Selective effects of ginseng pectins on galectin-3-mediated T cell activation and apoptosis. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 219:121-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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29
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Vuong L, Kouverianou E, Rooney CM, McHugh BJ, Howie SEM, Gregory CD, Forbes SJ, Henderson NC, Zetterberg FR, Nilsson UJ, Leffler H, Ford P, Pedersen A, Gravelle L, Tantawi S, Schambye H, Sethi T, MacKinnon AC. An Orally Active Galectin-3 Antagonist Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma Growth and Augments Response to PD-L1 Blockade. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1480-1492. [PMID: 30674531 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A combination therapy approach is required to improve tumor immune infiltration and patient response to immune checkpoint inhibitors that target negative regulatory receptors. Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that is highly expressed within the tumor microenvironment of aggressive cancers and whose expression correlates with poor survival particularly in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To examine the role of galectin-3 inhibition in NSCLC, we tested the effects of galectin-3 depletion using genetic and pharmacologic approaches on syngeneic mouse lung adenocarcinoma and human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts. Galectin-3-/- mice developed significantly smaller and fewer tumors and metastases than syngeneic C57/Bl6 wild-type mice. Macrophage ablation retarded tumor growth, whereas reconstitution with galectin-3-positive bone marrow restored tumor growth in galectin-3-/- mice, indicating that macrophages were a major driver of the antitumor response. Oral administration of a novel small molecule galectin-3 inhibitor GB1107 reduced human and mouse lung adenocarcinoma growth and blocked metastasis in the syngeneic model. Treatment with GB1107 increased tumor M1 macrophage polarization and CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Moreover, GB1107 potentiated the effects of a PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor to increase expression of cytotoxic (IFNγ, granzyme B, perforin-1, Fas ligand) and apoptotic (cleaved caspase-3) effector molecules. In summary, galectin-3 is an important regulator of lung adenocarcinoma progression. The novel galectin-3 inhibitor presented could provide an effective, nontoxic monotherapy or be used in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors to boost immune infiltration and responses in lung adenocarcinoma and potentially other aggressive cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: A novel and orally active galectin-3 antagonist inhibits lung adenocarcinoma growth and metastasis and augments response to PD-L1 blockade.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/7/1480/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Vuong
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Kouverianou
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M Rooney
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J McHugh
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E M Howie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Gregory
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul Ford
- Galecto Biotech, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Tariq Sethi
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison C MacKinnon
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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30
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Ghapanchi J, Andisheh-Tadbir A, Torkaman P, Malekzadeh M, Mardani M. Evaluation of the serum levels of galectin-3 in patients with oral lichen planus disease. Oral Dis 2019; 25:466-470. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janan Ghapanchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Azadeh Andisheh-Tadbir
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Pooriya Torkaman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Mahyar Malekzadeh
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Maryam Mardani
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
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Cadena AP, Cushman TR, Welsh JW. Glycosylation and Antitumor Immunity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 343:111-127. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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The N-terminal tail coordinates with carbohydrate recognition domain to mediate galectin-3 induced apoptosis in T cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49824-49838. [PMID: 28548942 PMCID: PMC5564810 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a galectin with a unique flexible N-terminal tail (NT) connected to the conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Galectin-3 is associated with tumor immune tolerance and exhibits an ability to induce T cell apoptosis. We used Jurkat, Jurkat E6-1 and CEM T-cell lines and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to investigate the specific roles of the CRD and NT in inducing T cell apoptosis. Galectin-3 triggered sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation that induced apoptosis. ERK was situated upstream of caspase-9 and was independently activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein kinase C (PKC). The first twelve NT residues had no role in the apoptosis. Residues 13-68 were essential for activating ROS, but did not activate PKC. However, residues 69-110 were required for activation of PKC. An NT fragment and a NT-specific antibody antagonized the apoptosis triggered by full-length galectin-3 further supporting our findings. These findings indicate the CRD and NT play important roles during induction of T cell apoptosis, which suggests their potential as therapeutic targets for reversing cancer immune tolerance.
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Fecal Galectin-3: A New Promising Biomarker for Severity and Progression of Colorectal Carcinoma. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8031328. [PMID: 29849497 PMCID: PMC5904774 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8031328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The aim of the study was to determine systemic and fecal values of galectin-3 and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with CRC and the relationship with clinicopathological aspects. Methods Concentrations of galectin-3, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-10, and IL-1β were analyzed in samples of blood and stool of 60 patients with CRC. Results Systemic concentration of TNF-α was significantly lower in patients with severe diseases (advanced TNM stage, nuclear grade, and poor histological differentiation) as in patients with more progressive CRC (lymph and blood vessel invasion, presence of metastasis). Fecal values of anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-10 were increased in patients with severe stadium of CRC. Fecal concentration of Gal-3 was enhanced in CRC patients with higher nuclear grade, poor tumor tissue differentiation, advanced TNM stage, and metastatic disease. Gal-3/TNF-α ratio in sera and feces had a higher trend in patients with severe and advanced diseases. Positive correlation between fecal Gal-3 and disease severity, tumor progression, and biomarkers AFP and CEA, respectively, was also observed. Conclusions Predomination of Gal-3 in patients with advanced diseases may implicate on its role in limiting ongoing proinflammatory processes. The fecal values of Gal-3 can be used as a valuable marker for CRC severity and progression.
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Zhao W, Ajani JA, Sushovan G, Ochi N, Hwang R, Hafley M, Johnson RL, Bresalier RS, Logsdon CD, Zhang Z, Song S. Galectin-3 Mediates Tumor Cell-Stroma Interactions by Activating Pancreatic Stellate Cells to Produce Cytokines via Integrin Signaling. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1524-1537.e6. [PMID: 29274868 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), abundance of extracellular matrix (ECM), and production of cytokines and chemokines. Galectin 3 (GAL3), a β-galactoside-specific lectin, contributes to PDAC development but its effects on the stroma and cytokine production are unclear. METHODS The effect of recombinant human GAL3 (rGAL3) on activation of PSCs, production of cytokines, and ECM proteins was determined by proliferation, invasion, cytokine array, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We assessed co-cultures of PDAC cells with GAL3 genetic alterations with PSCs. Production of interleukin 8 (IL8) and activities of nuclear factor (NF)-κB were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and luciferase reporter analyses. We studied the effects of inhibitors of NF-κB and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) on pathways activated by rGAL3. RESULTS In analyses of the Gene Expression Omnibus database and our dataset, we observed higher levels of GAL3, IL8, and other cytokines in PDAC than in nontumor tissues. Production of IL8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, chemokine ligand 1, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 increased in PSCs exposed to rGAL3 compared with controls. Culture of PSCs with PDAC cells that express different levels of GAL3 resulted in proliferation and invasion of PSCs that increased with level of GAL3. GAL3 stimulated transcription of IL8 through integrin subunit beta 1 (ITGB1) on PSCs, which activates NF-κB through ILK. Inhibitors of ILK or NF-κB or a neutralizing antibody against ITGB1 blocked transcription and production of IL8 from PSCs induced by rGAL3. The GAL3 inhibitor significantly reduced growth and metastases of orthotopic tumors that formed from PDAC and PSC cells co-implanted in mice. CONCLUSION GAL3 activates PSC cells to produce inflammatory cytokines via ITGB1signaling to ILK and activation of NF-κB. Inhibition of this pathway reduced growth and metastases of pancreatic orthotopic tumors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) and Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Guha Sushovan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nobuo Ochi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rosa Hwang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Margarete Hafley
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Randy L Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert S Bresalier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) and Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Elola MT, Ferragut F, Méndez-Huergo SP, Croci DO, Bracalente C, Rabinovich GA. Galectins: Multitask signaling molecules linking fibroblast, endothelial and immune cell programs in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:34-45. [PMID: 29602445 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells corrupt surrounding normal cells instructing them to support proliferative, pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive networks that favor tumorigenesis and metastasis. This dynamic cross-talk is sustained by a range of intracellular signals and extracellular mediators produced by both tumoral and non-tumoral cells. Galectins -whether secreted or intracellularly expressed- play central roles in the tumorigenic process by delivering regulatory signals that contribute to reprogram fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cell programs. Through glycosylation-dependent or independent mechanisms, these endogenous lectins control a variety of cellular events leading to tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration, inflammation, angiogenesis and immune escape. Here we discuss the role of galectin-driven pathways, particularly those activated in non-tumoral stromal cells, in modulating tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T Elola
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Fátima Ferragut
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago P Méndez-Huergo
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego O Croci
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Inmunopatología. Instituto de Histología y Embriología "Dr. Marío H. Burgos" (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Facultad de Exactas y Naturales, C5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Candelaria Bracalente
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Ma J, Zhang X, He G, Yang C. The relationship between cervical precancerous lesion galectin-3 and p27 protein expression and clinical prognosis. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:1533-1536. [PMID: 29434847 PMCID: PMC5774464 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between galectin-3 and p27kip1 protein expression levels in cervical precancerous lesions and clinical prognosis were studied. A total of 74 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [(CIN), 20 cases classified as stage I, 24 cases as stage II and 30 cases as stage III] were enrolled in this study. Tissue galectin-3, p27kip1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-2 and cyclin D protein levels were detected via immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Follow-up median duration was 13.5 months and recurrence rate was determined. Galectin-3, VEGF-2, and cyclin D expression was elevated in patients with higher stage CIN, whereas p27kip1 showed the opposite trend (p<0.05). During follow-up, there were 3 cases (15.0%) of recurrence in the CIN-I group, 5 cases (20.8%) in the CIN-II group and 9 cases (30.0%) in CIN-III the group. No significant difference in recurrence rate was noted among the groups (p>0.05). The upregulation of galectin-3 and downregulation of p27kip1 in CIN tissues may be related to tumor progression. This phenomenon will require further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuyao People's Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, P.R. China
| | - Xingguang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuyao People's Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, P.R. China
| | - Gang He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuyao People's Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, P.R. China
| | - Chunlin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuyao People's Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, P.R. China
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Sciacchitano S, Lavra L, Morgante A, Ulivieri A, Magi F, De Francesco GP, Bellotti C, Salehi LB, Ricci A. Galectin-3: One Molecule for an Alphabet of Diseases, from A to Z. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020379. [PMID: 29373564 PMCID: PMC5855601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) regulates basic cellular functions such as cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, growth, proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation. It is not surprising, therefore, that this protein is involved in the pathogenesis of many relevant human diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, chronic inflammation and scarring affecting many different tissues. The papers published in the literature have progressively increased in number during the last decades, testifying the great interest given to this protein by numerous researchers involved in many different clinical contexts. Considering the crucial role exerted by Gal-3 in many different clinical conditions, Gal-3 is emerging as a new diagnostic, prognostic biomarker and as a new promising therapeutic target. The current review aims to extensively examine the studies published so far on the role of Gal-3 in all the clinical conditions and diseases, listed in alphabetical order, where it was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sciacchitano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Lavra
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Morgante
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Ulivieri
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fiorenza Magi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gian Paolo De Francesco
- Department of Oncological Science, Breast Unit, St Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bellotti
- Operative Unit Surgery of Thyroid and Parathyroid, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Leila B Salehi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Ricci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Kindt N, Journe F, Ghanem GE, Saussez S. Galectins and Carcinogenesis: Their Role in Head and Neck Carcinomas and Thyroid Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2745. [PMID: 29258258 PMCID: PMC5751344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are among the most frequently occurring cancers worldwide. Of the molecular drivers described for these tumors, galectins play an important role via their interaction with several intracellular pathways. In this review, we will detail and discuss this role with specific reference to galectins-1, -3, and -7 in angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and invasion as well as in cell transformation and cancer progression. Furthermore, we will evaluate the prognostic value of galectin expression in head and neck cancers including those with oral cavity, salivary gland, and nasopharyngeal pathologies. In addition, we will discuss the involvement of these galectins in thyroid cancers where their altered expression is proposed as a new diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Kindt
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons (UMons), Pentagone 2A, 6 Ave du Champ de Mars, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Fabrice Journe
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons (UMons), Pentagone 2A, 6 Ave du Champ de Mars, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ghanem E Ghanem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sven Saussez
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons (UMons), Pentagone 2A, 6 Ave du Champ de Mars, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CHU Saint-Pierre, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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Emerging trends in the immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 417:35-46. [PMID: 29242097 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the U.S., claiming approximately 43,000 lives every year. Much like other solid tumors, PC evades the host immune surveillance by manipulating immune cells to establish an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, targeting and reinstating the patient's immune system could serve as a powerful therapeutic tool. Indeed, immunotherapy has emerged in recent years as a potential adjunct treatment for solid tumors including PC. Immunotherapy modulates the host's immune response to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), eradicates cancer cells by reducing host tolerance to TAAs and provides both short- and long-term protection against the disease. Passive immunotherapies like monoclonal antibodies or engineered T-cell based therapies directly target tumor cells by recognizing TAAs. Active immunotherapies, like cancer vaccines, on the other hand elicit a long-lasting immune response via activation of the patient's immune cells against cancer cells. Several immunotherapy strategies have been tested for anti-tumor responses alone and in combination with standard care in multiple preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we discuss various immunotherapy strategies used currently and their efficacy in abrogating self-antigen tolerance and immunosuppression, as well as their ability to eradicate PC.
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Colwell N, Larion M, Giles AJ, Seldomridge AN, Sizdahkhani S, Gilbert MR, Park DM. Hypoxia in the glioblastoma microenvironment: shaping the phenotype of cancer stem-like cells. Neuro Oncol 2017; 19:887-896. [PMID: 28339582 PMCID: PMC5570138 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor. Cellular heterogeneity is a characteristic feature of the disease and contributes to the difficulty in formulating effective therapies. Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) have been identified as a subpopulation of tumor cells that are thought to be largely responsible for resistance to treatment. Intratumoral hypoxia contributes to maintenance of the GSCs by supporting the critical stem cell traits of multipotency, self-renewal, and tumorigenicity. This review highlights the interaction of GSCs with the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, exploring the mechanisms underlying the contribution of GSCs to tumor vessel dynamics, immune modulation, and metabolic alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Colwell
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mioara Larion
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amber J Giles
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ashlee N Seldomridge
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Saman Sizdahkhani
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deric M Park
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
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Cagliani J, Grande D, Molmenti EP, Miller EJ, Rilo HL. Immunomodulation by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Clinical Applications. JOURNAL OF STEM CELL AND REGENERATIVE BIOLOGY 2017; 3:10.15436/2471-0598.17.022. [PMID: 29104965 PMCID: PMC5667922 DOI: 10.15436/2471-0598.17.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that can be isolated and expanded from various sources. MSCs modulate the function of immune cells, including T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. An understanding of the interaction between MSCs and the inflammatory microenvironment will provide critical information in revealing the precise in vivo mechanisms involved in MSCs-mediated therapeutic effects, and for designing more practical protocols for the clinical use of these cells. In this review we describe the current knowledge of the unique biological properties of MSCs, the immunosuppressive effects on immune-competent cells and the paracrine role of soluble factors. A summary of the participation of MSCs in preclinical and clinical studies in treating autoimmune diseases and other diseases is described. We also discuss the current challenges of their use and their potential roles in cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Cagliani
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Heart and Lungs, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, N Y, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Grande
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, N Y, USA
| | - Ernesto P Molmenti
- Transplantation of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Edmund J. Miller
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Heart and Lungs, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, N Y, USA
| | - Horacio L.R. Rilo
- Pancreas Disease Center, Department of Surgery, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Saccon F, Gatto M, Ghirardello A, Iaccarino L, Punzi L, Doria A. Role of galectin-3 in autoimmune and non-autoimmune nephropathies. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 16:34-47. [PMID: 27666815 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are evolutionary conserved β-galactoside binding proteins with a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of approximately 130 amino acids. In mammals, 15 members of the galectin family have been identified and classified into three subtypes according to CRD organization: prototype, tandem repeat-type and chimera-type galectins. Galectin-3 (gal-3) is the only chimera type galectin in vertebrates containing one CRD linked to an unusual long N-terminal domain which displays non-lectin dependent activities. Although recent studies revealed unique, pleiotropic and context-dependent functions of gal-3 in both extracellular and intracellular space, gal-3 specific pathways and its ligands have not been clearly defined yet. In the kidney gal-3 is involved in later stages of nephrogenesis as well as in renal cell cancer. However, gal-3 has recently been associated with lupus glomerulonephritis, with Familial Mediterranean Fever-induced proteinuria and renal amyloidosis. Gal-3 has been studied in experimental acute kidney damage and in the subsequent regeneration phase as well as in several models of chronic kidney disease, including nephropathies induced by aging, ischemia, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, unilateral ureteral obstruction and chronic allograft injury. Because of the pivotal role of gal-3 in the modulation of immune system, wound repair, fibrosis and tumorigenesis, it is not surprising that gal-3 can be an intriguing prognostic biomarker as well as a promising therapeutic target in a great variety of diseases, including chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure and cardio-renal syndrome. This review summarizes the functions of gal-3 in kidney pathophysiology focusing on the reported role of gal-3 in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Saccon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Mariele Gatto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Ghirardello
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Iaccarino
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Punzi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Italy.
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Rabinovich GA, Conejo-García JR. Shaping the Immune Landscape in Cancer by Galectin-Driven Regulatory Pathways. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3266-3281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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A major secretory defect of tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes due to galectin impairing LFA-1-mediated synapse completion. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12242. [PMID: 27447355 PMCID: PMC4961845 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface galectin has been shown to contribute to dysfunctions of human tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). We show here that galectin-covered CD8 TILs produce normal amounts of intracellular cytokines, but fail to secrete them because of defective actin rearrangements at the synapse. The non-secreting TILs also display reduced adhesion to their targets, together with defective LFA-1 recruitment and activation at the synapse. These defects are relieved by releasing surface galectin. As mild LFA-1 blockade on normal blood T cells emulate the defects of galectin-covered TILs, we conclude that galectin prevents the formation of a functional secretory synapse by preventing optimal LFA-1 triggering. Our results highlight a major secretory defect of TILs that is not revealed by widely used intracellular cytokine immunomonitoring assays. They also provide additional insights into the T-cell response, by showing that different thresholds of LFA-1 triggering are required to promote the intracellular production of cytokines and their secretion. Galectin-3 is a sugar-binding protein that can inhibit antitumour cytotoxic immunity. Here the authors show that Galectin-3 expressed by tumour cells inhibits LFA-1 on cytotoxic lymphocytes, impairing immunological synapse formation, IFNg secretion, and target cell killing.
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Nardy AFFR, Freire-de-Lima L, Freire-de-Lima CG, Morrot A. The Sweet Side of Immune Evasion: Role of Glycans in the Mechanisms of Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2016; 6:54. [PMID: 27014629 PMCID: PMC4783415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans are part of the essential components of a cell. These compounds play a fundamental role in several physiopathological processes, including cell differentiation, adhesion, motility, signal transduction, host-pathogen interactions, tumor cell invasion, and metastasis development. Glycans are also able to exert control over the changes in tumor immunogenecity, interfering with tumor editing events and leading to immune-resistant cancer cells. The involvement of glycans in cancer progression is related to glycosylation alterations. Understanding such changes is, therefore, extremely useful to set the stage for their use as biomarkers, improving the diagnostics and therapeutic strategies. Herein, we discuss the basis of how modifications in glycosylation patterns may contribute to cancer genesis and progression as well as their importance in oncology field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Célio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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Ferreira JA, Peixoto A, Neves M, Gaiteiro C, Reis CA, Assaraf YG, Santos LL. Mechanisms of cisplatin resistance and targeting of cancer stem cells: Adding glycosylation to the equation. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 24:34-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Khandelwal N, Breinig M, Speck T, Michels T, Kreutzer C, Sorrentino A, Sharma AK, Umansky L, Conrad H, Poschke I, Offringa R, König R, Bernhard H, Machlenkin A, Boutros M, Beckhove P. A high-throughput RNAi screen for detection of immune-checkpoint molecules that mediate tumor resistance to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:450-63. [PMID: 25691366 PMCID: PMC4403046 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of T cell-based cancer immunotherapy is limited by tumor's resistance against killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Tumor-immune resistance is mediated by cell surface ligands that engage immune-inhibitory receptors on T cells. These ligands represent potent targets for therapeutic inhibition. So far, only few immune-suppressive ligands have been identified. We here describe a rapid high-throughput siRNA-based screening approach that allows a comprehensive identification of ligands on human cancer cells that inhibit CTL-mediated tumor cell killing. We exemplarily demonstrate that CCR9, which is expressed in many cancers, exerts strong immune-regulatory effects on T cell responses in multiple tumors. Unlike PDL1, which inhibits TCR signaling, CCR9 regulates STAT signaling in T cells, resulting in reduced T-helper-1 cytokine secretion and reduced cytotoxic capacity. Moreover, inhibition of CCR9 expression on tumor cells facilitated immunotherapy of human tumors by tumor-specific T cells in vivo. Taken together, this method allows a rapid and comprehensive determination of immune-modulatory genes in human tumors which, as an entity, represent the ‘immune modulatome’ of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisit Khandelwal
- Division of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Breinig
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Speck
- Division of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tillmann Michels
- Division of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Kreutzer
- Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonio Sorrentino
- Division of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ashwini Kumar Sharma
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ludmila Umansky
- Division of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinke Conrad
- Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabel Poschke
- Department of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Division of Pancreas Carcinoma Research, Surgery Clinic of Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rienk Offringa
- Department of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Division of Pancreas Carcinoma Research, Surgery Clinic of Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer König
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany Leibniz Institute for Natural Products Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Helga Bernhard
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Klinikum Darmstadt GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Arthur Machlenkin
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Division of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious therapeutic challenge and targeted therapies only provide a modest benefit in terms of overall survival. Novel approaches are urgently needed for the treatment of this prevalent malignancy. Evidence demonstrating the antigenicity of tumour cells, the discovery that immune checkpoint molecules have an essential role in immune evasion of tumour cells, and the impressive clinical results achieved by blocking these inhibitory receptors, are revolutionizing cancer immunotherapy. Here, we review the data on HCC immunogenicity, the mechanisms for HCC immune subversion and the different immunotherapies that have been tested to treat HCC. Taking into account the multiplicity of hyperadditive immunosuppressive forces acting within the HCC microenvironment, a combinatorial approach is advised. Strategies include combinations of systemic immunomodulation and gene therapy, cell therapy or virotherapy.
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Amedei A, Niccolai E, Prisco D. Pancreatic cancer: role of the immune system in cancer progression and vaccine-based immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:3354-68. [PMID: 25483688 DOI: 10.4161/hv.34392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the 5th leading cause of cancer related death in the developed world with more than 260,000 deaths annually worldwide and with a dismal 5-year survival. Surgery is the only potential hope of cure for PC, but, unfortunately, only 20% PC patients is resectable at the time of diagnosis. Therapeutic research efforts have mainly focused on improvements in radio/ chemo treatments and to date, there are only a few chemotherapeutic agents that have shown to be effective against PC, including gemcitabine with or without abraxane as well as a combination of 5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and irinotecan (the so-called FOLFIRINOX regimen). The survival of patients treated with these regimens is marginal and hence we are in urgent need of novel therapeutic approaches to treat pancreatic cancer. The success of immunotherapeutic strategies in other cancers and various evidences that pancreatic adenocarcinoma elicits antitumor immune responses, suggest that immunotherapies can be a promising alternative treatment modality for this deadly disease. PC immunotherapy treatments include passive immunotherapeutic approaches, such as the use of effector cells generated in vitro, and active immunotherapeutic strategies, which goal is to stimulate an antitumor response in vivo, by means of vaccination. In this review, we describe the immune suppressive mechanisms of pancreatic cancer and discuss recent preclinical and clinical efforts toward PC immunotherapy, including passive approaches, such as the use of antibodies and active strategies (vaccination), with a special mention of most recent treatment with CRS-207 and GVAX.
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Key Words
- APC, Antigen Presenting Cells
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CTL, Cytotoxic CD8 T cells
- DCs, Dendritic Cells
- ENO1, a-Enolasi
- IDO, Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
- MUC1, Mucin-1
- NK, Natural Killer
- PC, pancreatic cancer
- Th, T helper
- Tregs, Regulatory T cells
- clinical trials
- immune response
- immunotherapy
- mAbs, monoclonal antibodies
- pancreatic cancer
- vaccine
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Amedei
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Internal Medicine ; University of Florence ; Florence , Italy
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Zeinali M, Adelinik A, Papian S, Khorramdelazad H, Abedinzadeh M. Role of galectin-3 in the pathogenesis of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:770-4. [PMID: 26429330 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Galectins constitute an evolutionary conserved family that binds to β-galactosides. There is growing evidence that galectins are implicated in essential biological processes such as cellular communication, inflammation, differentiation and apoptosis. Galectin-3 is one of the best-known galectins, which is found in vertebrates. Galectin-3 has been shown to be expressed in some cell lines and plays important roles in several physiological and pathological processes, including cell adhesion, cell activation and chemoattraction, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell growth, and differentiation. Moreover, this galectin is of interest due to its involvement in regulation of cancer. Changes in galectin-3 expression are commonly seen in cancerous and pre-cancerous conditions and galectin-3 may be involved in the regulation of cancer cell activities that contribute to tumourigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis. Finally, galectin-3 seems to be involved in cell events in tumor microenvironment, and therefore it could be considered as a target in transitional cell carcinoma therapies. This review aims to describe recent progress in understanding the role of galectin-3 in cancer biology, with emphasis on bladder tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Zeinali
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Armin Adelinik
- Department of Reproductive Genetics and Biotechnology, Avicenna Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Papian
- Department of Medical Bacteriology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abedinzadeh
- Department of Urology, Shahid Rahnemoon Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
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