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Wang M, Sun Y, Gu R, Tang Y, Han G, Zhao S. Shikonin reduces M2 macrophage population in ovarian cancer by repressing exosome production and the exosomal galectin 3-mediated β-catenin activation. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:101. [PMID: 38745186 PMCID: PMC11092256 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shikonin (SK), a naphthoquinone with anti-tumor effects, has been found to decrease production of tumor-associated exosomes (exo). This study aims to verify the treatment effect of SK on ovarian cancer (OC) cells, especially on the production of exo and their subsequent effect on macrophage polarization. METHODS OC cells SKOV3 and A2780 were treated with SK. The exo were isolated from OC cells with or without SK treatment, termed OC exo and SK OC exo, respectively. These exo were used to treat PMA-induced THP-1 cells (M0 macrophages). M2 polarization of macrophages was determined by measuring the M2 specific cell surface markers CD163 and CD206 as well as the secretion of M2 cytokine IL-10. The functions of galectin 3 (LGALS3/GAL3) and β-catenin in macrophage polarization were determined by gain- or loss-of-function assays. CB-17 SCID mice were subcutaneously injected with SKOV3 cells to generate xenograft tumors, followed by OC exo or SK OC exo treatment for in vivo experiments. RESULTS SK suppressed viability, migration and invasion, and apoptosis resistance of OC cells in vitro. Compared to OC exo, SK OC exo reduced the M2 polarization of macrophages. Regarding the mechanism, SK reduced exo production in cancer cells, and it decreased the protein level of GAL3 in exo and recipient macrophages, leading to decreased β-catenin activation. M2 polarization of macrophages was restored by LGALS3 overexpression but decreased again by the β-catenin inhibitor FH535. Compared to OC exo, the SK OC exo treatment reduced the xenograft tumor growth in mice, and it decreased the M2 macrophage infiltration within tumor tissues. CONCLUSION This study suggests that SK reduces M2 macrophage population in OC by repressing exo production and blocking exosomal GAL3-mediated β-catenin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 48, Huaishu Lane, Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, P.R. China
| | - Yangyan Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214400, P.R. China
| | - Rui Gu
- Department of Gynaecology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 48, Huaishu Lane, Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Gynaecology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 48, Huaishu Lane, Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, P.R. China
| | - Guorong Han
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Zhongfu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, P.R. China.
| | - Shaojie Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 48, Huaishu Lane, Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, P.R. China.
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Njoku K, Pierce A, Chiasserini D, Geary B, Campbell AE, Kelsall J, Reed R, Geifman N, Whetton AD, Crosbie EJ. Detection of endometrial cancer in cervico-vaginal fluid and blood plasma: leveraging proteomics and machine learning for biomarker discovery. EBioMedicine 2024; 102:105064. [PMID: 38513301 PMCID: PMC10960138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anatomical continuity between the uterine cavity and the lower genital tract allows for the exploitation of uterine-derived biomaterial in cervico-vaginal fluid for endometrial cancer detection based on non-invasive sampling methodologies. Plasma is an attractive biofluid for cancer detection due to its simplicity and ease of collection. In this biomarker discovery study, we aimed to identify proteomic signatures that accurately discriminate endometrial cancer from controls in cervico-vaginal fluid and blood plasma. METHODS Blood plasma and Delphi Screener-collected cervico-vaginal fluid samples were acquired from symptomatic post-menopausal women with (n = 53) and without (n = 65) endometrial cancer. Digitised proteomic maps were derived for each sample using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS). Machine learning was employed to identify the most discriminatory proteins. The best diagnostic model was determined based on accuracy and model parsimony. FINDINGS A protein signature derived from cervico-vaginal fluid more accurately discriminated cancer from control samples than one derived from plasma. A 5-biomarker panel of cervico-vaginal fluid derived proteins (HPT, LG3BP, FGA, LY6D and IGHM) predicted endometrial cancer with an AUC of 0.95 (0.91-0.98), sensitivity of 91% (83%-98%), and specificity of 86% (78%-95%). By contrast, a 3-marker panel of plasma proteins (APOD, PSMA7 and HPT) predicted endometrial cancer with an AUC of 0.87 (0.81-0.93), sensitivity of 75% (64%-86%), and specificity of 84% (75%-93%). The parsimonious model AUC values for detection of stage I endometrial cancer in cervico-vaginal fluid and blood plasma were 0.92 (0.87-0.97) and 0.88 (0.82-0.95) respectively. INTERPRETATION Here, we leveraged the natural shed of endometrial tumours to potentially develop an innovative approach to endometrial cancer detection. We show proof of principle that endometrial cancers secrete unique protein signatures that can enable cancer detection via cervico-vaginal fluid assays. Confirmation in a larger independent cohort is warranted. FUNDING Cancer Research UK, Blood Cancer UK, National Institute for Health Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelechi Njoku
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, 5th Floor Research, St Mary's Hospital, Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK; Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Clinical Oncology, Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Andrew Pierce
- North Wales Medical School, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG, UK
| | - Davide Chiasserini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bethany Geary
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Amy E Campbell
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Janet Kelsall
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Reed
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nophar Geifman
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Anthony D Whetton
- Veterinary Health Innovation Engine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Emma J Crosbie
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, 5th Floor Research, St Mary's Hospital, Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
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3
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Patwekar M, Sehar N, Patwekar F, Medikeri A, Ali S, Aldossri RM, Rehman MU. Novel immune checkpoint targets: A promising therapy for cancer treatments. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111186. [PMID: 37979454 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The immune system frequently comprises immunological checkpoints. They serve as a barrier to keep the immune system from overreacting and damaging cells that are robust. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are utilized in immunotherapy to prevent the synergy of partner proteins of checkpoint proteins with auxiliary proteins. Moreover, the T cells may target malignant cells since the "off" signal cannot be conveyed. ICIs, which are mostly composed of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and anti- programmed death-1/programmed ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1), might transform the context of cancer therapy. Further, more patients continued to exhibit adaptive resistance, even though several ICIs demonstrated convincing therapeutic benefits in selective tumor types. Immune checkpoint therapy's overall effectiveness is still lacking at this time. A popular area of study involves investigating additional immune checkpoint molecules. Recent research has found a number of fresh immune checkpoint targets, including NKG2A ligands, TIGIT, B7-H6 ligands, Galectin 3, TIM3, and so on. These targets have been focus of the study, and recent investigational approaches have shown encouraging outcomes. In this review article, we covered the development and present level understanding of these recently identified immune checkpoint molecules, its effectiveness and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nouroz Sehar
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Faheem Patwekar
- Luqman College of Pharmacy, Gulbarga, 585102, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Shafat Ali
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Rana M Aldossri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Park SE, Chung KS, Heo SW, Kim SY, Lee JH, Hassan AHE, Lee YS, Lee JY, Lee KT. Therapeutic role of 2-stearoxyphenethyl phosphocholine targeting microtubule dynamics and Wnt/β-catenin/EMT signaling in human colorectal cancer cells. Life Sci 2023; 334:122227. [PMID: 37926298 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of cell death, perturbation of microtubule dynamics, and acceleration of Wnt/β-catenin/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling are fundamental processes in the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). To explore the role of 2-stearoxyphenethyl phosphocholine (stPEPC), an alkylphospholipid-based compound, in CRC, we conducted an MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, western blot analysis, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining, Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining, small interfering RNA gene silencing, a wound-healing assay, an invasion assay, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay in the human CRC cell lines HT29 and HCT116. stPEPC showed anti-proliferative properties and mitotic cell accumulation via upregulated phosphorylation of BUBR1 and an association between mitotic arrest deficiency 2 (MAD2) and cell division cycle protein 20 homolog (CDC20). These results suggest that activation of the mitotic checkpoint complex and tubulin polymerization occurred, resulting in mitotic catastrophe in HT29 and HCT116 cells. In addition, stPEPC attenuated cell migration and invasion by regulating proteins mediated by EMT, such as E-cadherin and occludin. stPEPC altered the protein expression of Wnt3a and phosphorylation of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and β-catenin as well as their target genes, including cMyc and cyclin D1, in CRC cells. Thus, stPEPC may be useful for developing new drugs to treat human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Eun Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Won Heo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed H E Hassan
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Yeol Lee
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Fan Y, Song S, Li Y, Dhar SS, Jin J, Yoshimura K, Yao X, Wang R, Scott AW, Pizzi MP, Wu J, Ma L, Calin GA, Hanash S, Wang L, Curran M, Ajani JA. Galectin-3 Cooperates with CD47 to Suppress Phagocytosis and T-cell Immunity in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastases. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3726-3738. [PMID: 37738407 PMCID: PMC10843008 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The peritoneal cavity is a common site of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) metastasis. Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is resistant to current therapies and confers poor prognosis, highlighting the need to identify new therapeutic targets. CD47 conveys a "don't eat me" signal to myeloid cells upon binding its receptor signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), which helps tumor cells circumvent macrophage phagocytosis and evade innate immune responses. Previous studies demonstrated that the blockade of CD47 alone results in limited clinical benefits, suggesting that other target(s) might need to be inhibited simultaneously with CD47 to elicit a strong antitumor response. Here, we found that CD47 was highly expressed on malignant PC cells, and elevated CD47 was associated with poor prognosis. Galectin-3 (Gal3) expression correlated with CD47 expression, and coexpression of Gal3 and CD47 was significantly associated with diffuse type, poor differentiation, and tumor relapse. Depletion of Gal3 reduced expression of CD47 through inhibition of c-Myc binding to the CD47 promoter. Furthermore, injection of Gal3-deficient tumor cells into either wild-type and Lgals3-/- mice led to a reduction in M2 macrophages and increased T-cell responses compared with Gal3 wild-type tumor cells, indicating that tumor cell-derived Gal3 plays a more important role in GAC progression and phagocytosis than host-derived Gal3. Dual blockade of Gal3 and CD47 collaboratively suppressed tumor growth, increased phagocytosis, repolarized macrophages, and boosted T-cell immune responses. These data uncovered that Gal3 functions together with CD47 to suppress phagocytosis and orchestrate immunosuppression in GAC with PC, which supports exploring a novel combination therapy targeting Gal3 and CD47. SIGNIFICANCE Dual inhibition of CD47 and Gal3 enhances tumor cell phagocytosis and reprograms macrophages to overcome the immunosuppressive microenvironment and suppress tumor growth in peritoneal metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shilpa S Dhar
- Department of Molecular and cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiankang Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Katsuhiro Yoshimura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaodan Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ailing W Scott
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melissa Pool Pizzi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lang Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samir Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Curran
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jaffer A. Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Liu J, Zhang Q, Wang J, Wang C, Lan T, Wang T, Wang B. Knockdown of BAP31 Downregulates Galectin-3 to Inhibit the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway to Modulate 5-FU Chemosensitivity and Cancer Stemness in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14402. [PMID: 37762705 PMCID: PMC10532080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased stemness is causally linked to the development of chemoresistance in cancers. B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 (BAP31) has been identified to play an oncogenic role in many types of cancer. However, the role of BAP31 in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemosensitivity and stemness of colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological function and molecular mechanism of BAP31 in regulating 5-FU chemosensitivity and stemness. The correlation between BAP31 expression and 5-FU chemosensitivity was examined using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide and colony formation assays. Cancer stemness was analyzed using tumor sphere formation and Western blot assays. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses of the knockdown cell lines were performed to explore the possible mechanisms. Finally, we investigated the function of BAP31 by constructing xenograft nude mouse models in vivo. In this study, we demonstrated that BAP31 was increased in CRC cells, and knockdown of BAP31 reduced the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 5-FU, while this effect was reversed by overexpression of BAP31. In addition, knockdown of BAP31 substantially reduced the stemness of CRC cells in vitro. Consistently, knockdown of BAP31 significantly suppressed the tumorigenicity and stemness of CRC in vivo. The functional study further suggested that knockdown of BAP31 downregulated galectin-3 to inhibit the accumulation of β-catenin, which in turn repressed the transcription of downstream target genes (c-MYC, SOX2) of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Knockdown of BAP31 reduced stemness by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to increase 5-FU chemosensitivity. Importantly, intrabodies against BAP31 suppressed tumor growth and enhanced the antitumor effects of 5-FU in vivo. Therefore, using intrabodies against BAP31 may be a strategy for improving the antitumor effect of 5-FU in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tianyi Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Bing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (T.L.)
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Cui SS, Zhang P, Sun L, Yuan YLL, Wang J, Zhang FX, Li R. Mucin1 induced trophoblast dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Biol Res 2023; 56:48. [PMID: 37608294 PMCID: PMC10463356 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To elucidate the role of Mucin1 (MUC1) in the trophoblast function (glucose uptake and apoptosis) of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. METHODS Glucose uptake was analyzed by plasma GLUT1 and GLUT4 levels with ELISA and measured by the expression of GLUT4 and INSR with immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Apoptosis was measured by the expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase3 by Western blotting and flow cytometry. Wnt/β-catenin signaling measured by Western blotting. In vitro studies were performed using HTR-8/SVneo cells that were cultured and treated with high glucose (HG), sh-MUC1 and FH535 (inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling). RESULTS MUC1 was highly expressed in the placental trophoblasts of GDM, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated, along with dysfunction of glucose uptake and apoptosis. MUC1 knockdown resulted in increased invasiveness and decreased apoptosis in trophoblast cells. The initial linkage between MUC1, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and glucose uptake was confirmed by using an HG-exposed HTR-8/SVneo cell model with MUC1 knockdown. MUC1 knockdown inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and reversed glucose uptake dysfunction and apoptosis in HG-induced HTR-8/SVneo cells. Meanwhile, inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling could also reverse the dysfunction of glucose uptake and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the increased level of MUC1 in GDM could abnormally activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, leading to trophoblast dysfunction, which may impair glucose uptake and induce apoptosis in placental tissues of GDM women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Cui
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yu-Lin-Lan Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Feng-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Ruiman Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Kang YA, Paik H, Zhang SY, Chen JJ, Olson OC, Mitchell CA, Collins A, Swann JW, Warr MR, Fan R, Passegué E. Secretory MPP3 reinforce myeloid differentiation trajectory and amplify myeloid cell production. J Exp Med 2023; 220:214059. [PMID: 37115584 PMCID: PMC10140385 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and downstream lineage-biased multipotent progenitors (MPP) tailor blood production and control myelopoiesis on demand. Recent lineage tracing analyses revealed MPPs to be major functional contributors to steady-state hematopoiesis. However, we still lack a precise resolution of myeloid differentiation trajectories and cellular heterogeneity in the MPP compartment. Here, we found that myeloid-biased MPP3 are functionally and molecularly heterogeneous, with a distinct subset of myeloid-primed secretory cells with high endoplasmic reticulum (ER) volume and FcγR expression. We show that FcγR+/ERhigh MPP3 are a transitional population serving as a reservoir for rapid production of granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (GMP), which directly amplify myelopoiesis through inflammation-triggered secretion of cytokines in the local bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Our results identify a novel regulatory function for a secretory MPP3 subset that controls myeloid differentiation through lineage-priming and cytokine production and acts as a self-reinforcing amplification compartment in inflammatory stress and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-A Kang
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University , New York, NY, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Hem/Onc Division, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hyojung Paik
- Center for Applied Scientific Computing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, and University of Science and Technology , Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Si Yi Zhang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Hem/Onc Division, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan J Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Oakley C Olson
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl A Mitchell
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Amelie Collins
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University , New York, NY, USA
| | - James W Swann
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew R Warr
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Hem/Onc Division, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University , New York, NY, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Hem/Onc Division, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, CA, USA
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Ahmed R, Anam K, Ahmed H. Development of Galectin-3 Targeting Drugs for Therapeutic Applications in Various Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8116. [PMID: 37175823 PMCID: PMC10179732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal3) is one of the most studied members of the galectin family that mediate various biological processes such as growth regulation, immune function, cancer metastasis, and apoptosis. Since Gal3 is pro-inflammatory, it is involved in many diseases that are associated with chronic inflammation such as cancer, organ fibrosis, and type 2 diabetes. As a multifunctional protein involved in multiple pathways of many diseases, Gal3 has generated significant interest in pharmaceutical industries. As a result, several Gal3-targeting therapeutic drugs are being developed to address unmet medical needs. Based on the PubMed search of Gal3 to date (1987-2023), here, we briefly describe its structure, carbohydrate-binding properties, endogenous ligands, and roles in various diseases. We also discuss its potential antagonists that are currently being investigated clinically or pre-clinically by the public and private companies. The updated knowledge on Gal3 function in various diseases could initiate new clinical or pre-clinical investigations to test therapeutic strategies, and some of these strategies could be successful and recognized as novel therapeutics for unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hafiz Ahmed
- GlycoMantra Inc., Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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10
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Tsai HP, Lin CJ, Lieu AS, Chen YT, Tseng TT, Kwan AL, Loh JK. Galectin-3 Mediates Tumor Progression in Astrocytoma by Regulating Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Activity. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3591-3602. [PMID: 37185758 PMCID: PMC10137203 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have considered galectin-3 or Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B) as a potential prognosis marker for various cancers. However, the correlation between the protein expression of galectin-3/GSK3B and the clinical parameters of astrocytoma has not been reported. This study aims to validate the correlation between the clinical outcomes and protein expression of galectin-3/GSK3B in astrocytoma. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect galectin-3/GSK3B protein expression in patients with astrocytoma. The Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier evaluation, and Cox regression analysis were used to determine the correlation between clinical parameters and galectin-3/GSK3B expression. Cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were compared between a non-siRNA group and a galectin-3/GSK3B siRNA group. Protein expression in galectin-3 or GSK3B siRNA-treated cells was evaluated using western blotting. Galectin-3 and GSK3B protein expression were significantly positively correlated with the World Health Organization (WHO) astrocytoma grade and overall survival time. Multivariate analysis revealed that WHO grade, galectin-3 expression, and GSK3B expression were independent prognostic factors for astrocytoma. Galectin-3 or GSK3B downregulation induced apoptosis and decreased cell numbers, migration, and invasion. siRNA-mediated gene silencing of galectin-3 resulted in the downregulation of Ki-67, cyclin D1, VEGF, GSK3B, p-GSK3B Ser9 (p-GSK3B S9), and β-catenin. In contrast, GSK3B knockdown only decreased Ki-67, VEGF, p-GSK3B S9, and β-catenin protein expression but did not affect cyclin D1 and galectin-3 protein expression. The siRNA results indicated that GSK3B is downstream of the galectin-3 gene. These data support that galectin-3 mediated tumor progression by upregulating GSK3B and β-catenin protein expression in glioblastoma. Therefore, galectin-3 and GSK3B are potential prognostic markers, and their genes may be considered to be anticancer targets for astrocytoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Pei Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ju Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shung Lieu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Tseng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Joon-Khim Loh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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11
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Kruk L, Braun A, Cosset E, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Galectin functions in cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1052959. [PMID: 36873388 PMCID: PMC9981828 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1052959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that regulate many cellular functions including proliferation, adhesion, migration, and phagocytosis. Increasing experimental and clinical evidence indicates that galectins influence many steps of cancer development by inducing the recruitment of immune cells to the inflammatory sites and modulating the effector function of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Recent studies described that different isoforms of galectins can induce platelet adhesion, aggregation, and granule release through the interaction with platelet-specific glycoproteins and integrins. Patients with cancer and/or deep-venous thrombosis have increased levels of galectins in the vasculature, suggesting that these proteins could be important contributors to cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. In this review, we summarize the pathological role of galectins in inflammatory and thrombotic events, influencing tumor progression and metastasis. We also discuss the potential of anti-cancer therapies targeting galectins in the pathological context of cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Kruk
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Erika Cosset
- CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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12
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Souza DS, Macheroni C, Pereira GJS, Vicente CM, Porto CS. Molecular regulation of prostate cancer by Galectin-3 and estrogen receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1124111. [PMID: 36936148 PMCID: PMC10020622 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1124111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains the most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. This cancer is hormone-dependent; therefore, androgen, estrogen, and their receptors play an important role in development and progression of this disease, and in emergence of the castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins which are frequently altered (upregulated or downregulated) in a wide range of tumors, participating in different stages of tumor development and progression, but the molecular mechanisms which regulate its expression are still poorly understood. This review provides an overview of the current and emerging knowledge on Galectin-3 in cancer biology with focus on prostate cancer and the interplay with estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways, present in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. We suggest a molecular mechanism where ER, Galectin-3 and β-catenin can modulate nuclear transcriptional events, such as, proliferation, migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Despite a number of achievements in targeted therapy for prostate cancer, CRPC may eventually develop, therefore new effective drug targets need urgently to be found. Further understanding of the role of Galectin-3 and ER in prostate cancer will enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer development and the future treatment of this disease.
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Jeethy Ram T, Lekshmi A, Darvin P, Rajappan P, Jagathnath Krishna KM, Anoop TM, Augustine P, Mathew AP, Cherian K, Bhargavan RV, Somanathan T, Radhakrishna Pillai M, Santhosh Kumar TR, Sujathan K. Co-expression of galectin-3 and vimentin in triple negative breast cancer cells promotes tumor progression, metastasis and survival. Tumour Biol 2023; 45:31-54. [PMID: 37574746 DOI: 10.3233/tub-230002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of druggable targets and complex expression heterogeneity of known targets is common among TNBC subtypes. An enhanced expression of galectin-3 in TNBCs has already been documented. We have observed a tumor progression-dependent galectin-3 expression in TNBCs compared to adjacent epithelium and non TNBCs. OBJECTIVE To unravel the association of galectin- 3 in tumor progression, aggressiveness and drug resistance in TNBC patients. METHODS Galectin-3 expression in 489 breast cancer tissues was correlated with clinicopathological features and the results were validated in cell lines and mouse model by silencing galectin-3 using shRNA and the proteins were profiled by western blot and qRT-PCR. Protein interaction was analyzed by GFP Trap and Mass spectrometry. RESULTS Galectin-3 expression correlated with tumor stage in TNBC and a lower galectin-3 expression was associated with poor patient survival. The positive correlation between galectin-3, vimentin and CD44 expression, pinpoints galectin-3 contribution to epithelial to mesenchymal transition, drug resistance and stemness. Vimentin was found as an interacting partner of galectin-3. Duplexing of galecin-3 and vimentin in patient samples revealed the presence of tumor cells co-expressing both galectin-3 and vimentin. In vitro studies also showed its role in tumor cell survival and metastatic potential, elementary for tumor progression. In vivo studies further confirmed its metastatic potential. CONCLUSIONS Tumor progression dependent expression pattern of galectin 3 was found to indicate prognosis. Co-expression of galectin-3 and vimentin in tumor cells promotes tumor dissemination, survival and its metastatic capability in TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jeethy Ram
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Asha Lekshmi
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Pramod Darvin
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Prakash Rajappan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - T M Anoop
- Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Paul Augustine
- Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Arun Peter Mathew
- Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Kurian Cherian
- Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Rexeena V Bhargavan
- Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Thara Somanathan
- Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - T R Santhosh Kumar
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - K Sujathan
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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14
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Highlights on the Role of Galectin-3 in Colorectal Cancer and the Preventive/Therapeutic Potential of Food-Derived Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010052. [PMID: 36612048 PMCID: PMC9817985 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite advances in surgical and therapeutic management, tumor metastases and resistance to therapy still represent major hurdles. CRC risk is highly modifiable by lifestyle factors, including diet, which strongly influences both cancer incidence and related mortality. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifaceted protein involved in multiple pathophysiological pathways underlying chronic inflammation and cancer. Its versatility is given by the ability to participate in a wide range of tumor-promoting processes, including cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions, cell growth regulation and apoptosis, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This review provides an updated summary of preclinical and observational human studies investigating the pathogenetic role of Gal-3 in intestinal inflammation and CRC, as well as the potential of Gal-3 activity inhibition by plant-source food-derived bioactive compounds to control CRC onset/growth. These studies highlight both direct and immuno-mediated effects of Gal-3 on tumor growth and invasiveness and its potential role as a CRC prognostic biomarker. Substantial evidence indicates natural food-derived Gal-3 inhibitors as promising candidates for CRC prevention and therapy. However, critical issues, such as their bioavailability and efficacy, in controlled human studies need to be addressed to translate research progress into clinical applications.
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15
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Wang T, Ou L, Li X, Zhang P, Miao Q, Niu R, Chen Y. Inhibition of Galectin-3 attenuates silica particles-induced silicosis via regulating the GSK-3β/β-catenin signal pathway-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Maupin KA, Diegel CR, Stevens PD, Dick D, Williams BO. Mutation of the galectin-3 glycan-binding domain (Lgals3-R200S) enhances cortical bone expansion in male mice and trabecular bone mass in female mice. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1717-1728. [PMID: 36062328 PMCID: PMC9527582 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously observed that genomic loss of galectin-3 (Gal-3; encoded by Lgals3) in mice has a significant protective effect on age-related bone loss. Gal-3 has both intracellular and extracellular functionality, and we wanted to assess whether the affect we observed in the Lgals3 knockout (KO) mice could be attributed to the ability of Gal-3 to bind glycoproteins. Mutation of a highly conserved arginine to a serine in human Gal-3 (LGALS3-R186S) blocks glycan binding and secretion. We generated mice with the equivalent mutation (Lgals3-R200S) and observed a subsequent reduction in Gal-3 secretion from mouse embryonic fibroblasts and in circulating blood. When examining bone structure in aged mice, we noticed some similarities to the Lgals3-KO mice and some differences. First, we observed greater bone mass in Lgals3-R200S mutant mice, as was previously observed in Lgals3-KO mice. Like Lgals3-KO mice, significantly increased trabecular bone mass was only observed in female Lgals3-R200S mice. These results suggest that the greater bone mass observed is driven by the loss of extracellular Gal-3 functionality. However, the results from our cortical bone expansion data showed a sex-dependent difference, with only male Lgals3-KO mice having an increased response, contrasting with our earlier study. These notable sex differences suggest a potential role for sex hormones, most likely androgen signaling, being involved. In summary, our results suggest that targeting extracellular Gal-3 function may be a suitable treatment for age-related loss of bone mass.
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Kim DH, Im E, Lee DY, Lee H, Sim DY, Park JE, Ahn C, Koo JI, Pak J, Kim S. Antitumor mechanism of combination of
Angelica gigas
and
Torilis japonica
in
LNCaP
prostate cancer cells via
G1
arrest and inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin and androgen receptor signaling. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2999-3008. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Im
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science Eumseong Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo‐Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Chi‐Hoon Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Il Koo
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Na Pak
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
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18
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Hillenmayer A, Wertheimer CM, Geerlof A, Eibl KH, Priglinger S, Priglinger C, Ohlmann A. Galectin-1 and -3 in high amounts inhibit angiogenic properties of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265805. [PMID: 35320287 PMCID: PMC8942239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Galectin-1 and -3 are β-galactoside binding lectins with varying effects on angiogenesis and apoptosis. Since in retinal pigment epithelial cells high amounts of human recombinant galectin (hr-GAL)1 and 3 inhibit cell adhesion, migration and proliferation, we investigated if hr-GAL1 and 3 have homologous effects on human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMEC) in vitro. Methods To investigate the effect of galectin-1 and -3 on HRMEC, proliferation, apoptosis and viability were analyzed after incubation with 30, 60 and 120 μg/ml hr-GAL1 or 3 by BrdU-ELISA, histone-DNA complex ELISA, live/dead staining and the WST-1 assay, respectively. Further on, a cell adhesion as well as tube formation assay were performed on galectin-treated HRMEC. Migration was investigated by the scratch migration assay and time-lapse microscopy. In addition, immunohistochemical staining on HRMEC for β-catenin, galectin-1 and -3 were performed and β-catenin expression was investigated by western blot analysis. Results Incubation with hr-GAL1 or 3 lead to a decrease in proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation of HRMEC compared to the untreated controls. No toxic effects of hr-GAL1 and 3 on HRMEC were detected. Intriguingly, after treatment of HRMEC with hr-GAL1 or 3, an activation of the proangiogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was observed. However, incubation of HRMEC with hr-GAL1 or 3 drew intracellular galectin-1 and -3 out of the cells, respectively. Conclusion Exogenously added hr-GAL1 or 3 inhibit angiogenic properties of HRMEC in vitro, an effect that might be mediated via a loss of intracellular endogenous galectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hillenmayer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian M. Wertheimer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Arie Geerlof
- Protein Expression and Purification Facility, Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten H. Eibl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Priglinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Ohlmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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19
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Xu L, Qian Z, Wang S, Wang R, Pu X, Yang B, Zhou Q, Du C, Chen Q, Feng Z, Xu L, Zhu Z, Qiu Y, Sun X. Galectin-3 Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of Precursor Cells From Patients With Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:724-739. [PMID: 35064940 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a noninflammatory skeletal disease characterized by the progressive ectopic ossification and calcification of ligaments and enthuses. However, specific pathogenesis remains unknown. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a major source of osteoblasts and play vital roles in bone metabolism and ectopic osteogenesis. However, it is unclear whether BMSCs are involved in ectopic calcification and ossification in DISH. The current study aimed to explore the osteogenic differentiation abilities of BMSCs from DISH patients (DISH-BMSCs). Our results showed that DISH-BMSCs exhibited stronger osteogenic differentiation abilities than normal control (NC)-BMSCs. Human cytokine array kit analysis showed significantly increased secretion of Galectin-3 in DISH-BMSCs. Furthermore, Galectin-3 downregulation inhibited the increased osteogenic differentiation ability of DISH-BMSCs, whereas exogenous Galectin-3 significantly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation ability of NC-BMSCs. Notably, the increased Galectin-3 in DISH-BMSCs enhanced the expression of β-catenin as well as TCF-4, whereas attenuation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling partially alleviated Galectin-3-induced osteogenic differentiation and activity in DISH-BMSCs. In addition, our results noted that Galectin-3 interacted with β-catenin and enhanced its nuclear accumulation. Further in vivo studies showed that exogenous Galectin-3 enhanced ectopic bone formation in the Achilles tendon in trauma-induced rats by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The current study indicated that enhanced osteogenic differentiation of DISH-BMSCs was mainly attributed to the increased secretion of Galectin-3 by DISH-BMSCs, which enhanced β-catenin expression and its nuclear accumulation. Our study helps illuminate the mechanisms of pathological osteogenesis and sheds light on the possible development of potential therapeutic strategies for DISH treatment. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Spine Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuang Qian
- Spine Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sinian Wang
- Spine Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojiang Pu
- Spine Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Spine Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingshuang Zhou
- Spine Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changzhi Du
- Spine Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanchi Chen
- Spine Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhua Feng
- Spine Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leilei Xu
- Spine Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zezhang Zhu
- Spine Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Spine Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Spine Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Boutin L, Legrand M, Sadoune M, Mebazaa A, Gayat E, Chadjichristos CE, Dépret F. Elevated plasma Galectin-3 is associated with major adverse kidney events and death after ICU admission. Crit Care 2022; 26:13. [PMID: 34991653 PMCID: PMC8740042 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a proinflammatory and profibrotic protein especially overexpressed after Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). The early renal prognostic value of Gal-3 after AKI in critically ill patients remains unexplored. The objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of plasma level of Gal-3 for Major Adverse Kidney Events (MAKE) and mortality 30 days after ICU admission across AKI stages. Methods This is an ancillary study of a prospective, observational, multicenter cohort (FROG-ICU). AKI was defined using KDIGO definition. Results Two thousand and seventy-six patients had a Gal-3 plasma level measurement at ICU admission. Seven hundred and twenty-three (34.8%) were females and the median age was 63 [51, 74] years. Eight hundred and seven (38.9%) patients developed MAKE, 774 (37.3%) had AKI and mortality rate at 30 days was 22.4% (N = 465). Patients who developed MAKE had higher Gal-3 level at admission compared to patients without (30.2 [20.8, 49.2] ng/ml versus 16.9 [12.7, 24.3] ng/ml, p < 0.001, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of Gal-3 to predict MAKE was 0.76 CI95% [0.74–0.78], p < 0.001. Gal-3 was associated with MAKE (OR 1.80 CI95% [1.68–1.93], p < 0.001, non-adjusted and OR 1.37 CI95% [1.27–1.49], p < 0.001, adjusted). The use of Gal-3 improved prediction performance of prediction model including SAPSII, Screatadm, pNGAL with a NRI of 0.27 CI95%(0.16–0.38), p < 0.001. Median Gal-3 was higher in non-survivors than in survivors at 30 days (29.2 [20.2, 49.2] ng/ml versus 18.8 [13.3, 29.2] ng/ml, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Plasma levels of Gal-3 were strongly associated with renal function, with an increased risk of MAKE and death after ICU admission. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01367093. Registered on 6 June 2011. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13054-021-03878-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Boutin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Saint-Louis Hospital, DMU Parabol, FHU PROMICE, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France.,INSERM, UMR 942, MASCOT: Cardiovascular Marker in Stress Condition, Lariboisière Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France
| | - M Legrand
- INSERM, UMR 942, MASCOT: Cardiovascular Marker in Stress Condition, Lariboisière Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Peri-Operative Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California - UCSF Medical Center, 500 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - M Sadoune
- INSERM, UMR 942, MASCOT: Cardiovascular Marker in Stress Condition, Lariboisière Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France
| | - A Mebazaa
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Saint-Louis Hospital, DMU Parabol, FHU PROMICE, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France.,INSERM, UMR 942, MASCOT: Cardiovascular Marker in Stress Condition, Lariboisière Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France
| | - E Gayat
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Saint-Louis Hospital, DMU Parabol, FHU PROMICE, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France.,INSERM, UMR 942, MASCOT: Cardiovascular Marker in Stress Condition, Lariboisière Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France
| | - C E Chadjichristos
- INSERM, UMR 1155, CORAKID, Tenon Hospital, Université de Paris, 75020, Paris, France
| | - F Dépret
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Saint-Louis Hospital, DMU Parabol, FHU PROMICE, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France.,INSERM, UMR 942, MASCOT: Cardiovascular Marker in Stress Condition, Lariboisière Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France
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21
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Ramos-Martinez JC, Altamirano-Gómez G, Ramos-Marinez I, Valencia J, Hernandez-Zimbron L, Hernandez-Juarez J, Echeverría-Vásquez P, Hernández-González LL, Campos EP, Mayoral LPC, Ramos-Martinez E. Prognostic value of galectin expression in patients with breast cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Breast Cancer 2021; 22:399-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Zhu H, Dai O, Zhou F, Yang L, Liu F, Liu Y, He YL, Bu L, Guo L, Peng C, Xiong L. Discovery of bletillain, an unusual benzyl polymer with significant autophagy-inducing effects in A549 lung cancer cells through the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105449. [PMID: 34736136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most malignant tumors with the highest mortality and morbidity. The tubers of Bletilla striata are known as "an excellent medicine for lung diseases" in traditional Chinese medicine. This study performed a targeted study to explore compounds with anti-lung cancer activity and the molecular mechanisms using A549 cells. Eighteen bibenzyl derivatives, including four new compounds (13, 14, 16, and 18), were isolated from the tubers of B. striata. Analysis of the structure-activity relationship indicated that the cytotoxicity of the bibenzyls against A549 cells increased gradually as the number of the benzyl groups in the structures increased. Bletillain (18), an unusual benzyl polymer, was found to be the most active compound. Further flow cytometric analysis, dual-luciferase assays, real-time PCR assays, and western blot assays revealed that bletillain induced autophagy in A549 cells by regulating the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Beclin 1, LC3, and p62 are downstream autophagy factors of Akt, and Beclin 1 was the key autophagy factor. These results suggested that bibenzyls of B. striata play important roles in the treatment of lung cancer and provided scientific evidence illustrating why the tubers of B. striata are a suitable medicine for the treatment of lung cancer in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ou Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yu-Lin He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Liang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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23
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Soares LC, Al-Dalahmah O, Hillis J, Young CC, Asbed I, Sakaguchi M, O’Neill E, Szele FG. Novel Galectin-3 Roles in Neurogenesis, Inflammation and Neurological Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:3047. [PMID: 34831271 PMCID: PMC8618878 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an evolutionarily conserved and multifunctional protein that drives inflammation in disease. Gal-3's role in the central nervous system has been less studied than in the immune system. However, recent studies show it exacerbates Alzheimer's disease and is upregulated in a large variety of brain injuries, while loss of Gal-3 function can diminish symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Several novel molecular pathways for Gal-3 were recently uncovered. It is a natural ligand for TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells), TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4), and IR (insulin receptor). Gal-3 regulates a number of pathways including stimulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and modulating Wnt signalling in a context-dependent manner. Gal-3 typically acts in pathology but is now known to affect subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the healthy brain. Despite its myriad interactors, Gal-3 has surprisingly specific and important functions in regulating SVZ neurogenesis in disease. Gal-1, a similar lectin often co-expressed with Gal-3, also has profound effects on brain pathology and adult neurogenesis. Remarkably, Gal-3's carbohydrate recognition domain bears structural similarity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein necessary for cell entry. Gal-3 can be targeted pharmacologically and is a valid target for several diseases involving brain inflammation. The wealth of molecular pathways now known further suggest its modulation could be therapeutically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana C. Soares
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; (L.C.S.); (I.A.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
| | - Osama Al-Dalahmah
- Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - James Hillis
- Massachusets General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Christopher C. Young
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA;
| | - Isaiah Asbed
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; (L.C.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Masanori Sakaguchi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan;
| | - Eric O’Neill
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
| | - Francis G. Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; (L.C.S.); (I.A.)
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24
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Kim SJ, Kang HG, Kim K, Kim H, Zetterberg F, Park YS, Cho HS, Hewitt SM, Chung JY, Nilsson UJ, Leffler H, Chun KH. Crosstalk between WNT and STAT3 is mediated by galectin-3 in tumor progression. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:1050-1062. [PMID: 33834359 PMCID: PMC9907361 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant activation of the WNT/β-catenin and STAT3 signaling pathways plays a critical role in cancer progression. However, direct targeting of these pathways as an anti-cancer therapeutic approach needs to be reconsidered due to its serious side effects. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of WNT induces STAT3 activation in a galectin-3-dependent manner. METHODS We investigated how galectin-3 mediates the crosstalk between WNT/β-catenin and STAT3 signaling and whether inhibition of galectin-3 can reduce gastric cancer. The molecular mechanisms were analyzed by biochemical assays using cultured gastric cancer cells, patient tissues, and genetically engineered mice. Moreover, we confirm of therapeutic effects of GB1107, a cell-penetrating galectin-3 specific inhibitor, using orthotopic gastric cancer-bearing mice RESULTS: Increased levels of galectin-3 and STAT3 phosphorylation were detected in the stomach tissues of WNT1-overexpressing mouse models. Also, high expression levels and co-localization of β-catenin, pSTAT3, and galectin-3 in patients with advanced gastric cancer were correlated with a poorer prognosis. Galectin-3 depletion significantly decreased STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation, which regulates its nuclear localization and transcriptional activation. A peptide of galectin-3 (Y45-Q48) directly bound to the STAT3 SH2 domain and enhanced its phosphorylation. GB1107, a specific membrane-penetrating inhibitor of galectin-3, significantly reduced the activation of both STAT3 and β-catenin and inhibited tumor growth in orthotopic gastric cancer-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS We propose that galectin-3 mediates the crosstalk between the WNT and STAT3 signaling pathways. Therefore GB1107, a galectin-3-specific inhibitor, maybe a potent agent with anti-gastric cancer activity. Further studies are needed for its clinical application in gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok-Gu Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungeun Kim
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyoung Kim
- Department of Systems Biology and Division of Life Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Fredrik Zetterberg
- Galecto Biotech AB, Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8 A, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Department of Systems Biology and Division of Life Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen M. Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, POB 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG-Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kyung-Hee Chun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Tan Y, Zheng Y, Xu D, Sun Z, Yang H, Yin Q. Galectin-3: a key player in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:78. [PMID: 33906678 PMCID: PMC8077955 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by the deposition of extracellular aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ), the formation of intraneuronal tau neurofibrillary tangles and microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation. One of the key molecules involved in microglial activation is galectin-3 (Gal-3). In recent years, extensive studies have dissected the mechanisms by which Gal-3 modulates microglial activation, impacting Aβ deposition, in both animal models and human studies. In this review article, we focus on the emerging role of Gal-3 in biology and pathobiology, including its origin, its functions in regulating microglial activation and neuroinflammation, and its emergence as a biomarker in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. These aspects are important to elucidate the involvement of Gal-3 in AD pathogenesis and may provide novel insights into the use of Gal-3 for AD diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Tan
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqun Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Dongshan Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, 276017, Shandong, China
| | - Daiwen Xu
- Department of Neurology, The People Hospital of Huaiyin Jinan, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhanfang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Qingqing Yin
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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26
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Cason M, Celeghin R, Marinas MB, Beffagna G, Della Barbera M, Rizzo S, Remme CA, Bezzina CR, Tiso N, Bauce B, Thiene G, Basso C, Pilichou K. Novel pathogenic role for galectin-3 in early disease stages of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 2021; 18:1394-1403. [PMID: 33857645 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is a myocardial disease due to desmosomal mutations whose pathogenesis is incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify molecular pathways underlying early AC by gene expression profiling in both humans and animal models. METHODS RNA sequencing for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed on the myocardium of transgenic mice overexpressing the Desmoglein2-N271S mutation before phenotype onset. Zebrafish signaling reporters were used for in vivo validation. Whole exome sequencing was undertaken in 10 genotype-negative AC patients and subsequent direct sequencing in 140 AC index cases. RESULTS Among 29 DEGs identified at early disease stages, Lgals3/GAL3 (lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3) showed reduced cardiac expression in transgenic mice and in 3 AC patients who suffered sudden cardiac death without overt structural remodeling. Four rare missense variants of LGALS3 were identified in 5 human AC probands. Pharmacologic inhibition of Lgals3 in zebrafish reduced Wnt and transforming growth factor-β signaling, increased Hippo/YAP-TAZ signaling, and induced alterations in desmoplakin membrane localization, desmosome integrity and stability. Increased LGALS3 plasma expression in genotype-positive AC patients and CD98 activation supported the galectin-3 (GAL3) release by circulating macrophages pointing toward the stabilization of desmosomal assembly at the injured regions. CONCLUSION GAL3 plays a crucial role in early AC onset through regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and intercellular adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cason
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rudy Celeghin
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Bueno Marinas
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgia Beffagna
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mila Della Barbera
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Bauce
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gaetano Thiene
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Basso
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Kalliopi Pilichou
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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27
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Porębska N, Poźniak M, Matynia A, Żukowska D, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J, Opaliński Ł. Galectins as modulators of receptor tyrosine kinases signaling in health and disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 60:89-106. [PMID: 33863623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) constitute a large group of cell surface proteins that mediate communication of cells with extracellular environment. RTKs recognize external signals and transfer information to the cell interior, modulating key cellular activities, like metabolism, proliferation, motility, or death. To ensure balanced stream of signals the activity of RTKs is tightly regulated by numerous mechanisms, including receptor expression and degradation, ligand specificity and availability, engagement of co-receptors, cellular trafficking of the receptors or their post-translational modifications. One of the most widespread post-translational modifications of RTKs is glycosylation of their extracellular domains. The sugar chains attached to RTKs form a new layer of information, so called glyco-code that is read by galectins, carbohydrate binding proteins. Galectins are family of fifteen lectins implicated in immune response, inflammation, cell division, motility and death. The versatility of cellular activities attributed to galectins is a result of their high abundance and diversity of their cellular targets. A various sugar specificity of galectins and the differential ability of galectin family members to form oligomers affect the spatial distribution and the function of their cellular targets. Importantly, galectins and RTKs are tightly linked to the development, progression and metastasis of various cancers. A growing number of studies points on the close cooperation between RTKs and galectins in eliciting specific cellular responses. This review focuses on the identified complexes between galectins and RTK members and discusses their relevance for the cell physiology both in healthy tissues and in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Porębska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Poźniak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Matynia
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Żukowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zakrzewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland.
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28
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Kim JG, Mahmud S, Min JK, Lee YB, Kim H, Kang DC, Park HS, Seong J, Park JB. RhoA GTPase phosphorylated at tyrosine 42 by src kinase binds to β-catenin and contributes transcriptional regulation of vimentin upon Wnt3A. Redox Biol 2020; 40:101842. [PMID: 33388549 PMCID: PMC7788234 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Wnt canonical pathway, Wnt3A has been known to stabilize β-catenin. In the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, Wnt is known to activate Rho GTPases. The correlation between canonical and non-canonical pathways by Wnt signaling, however, has not been well elucidated. Here, we identified that Wnt3A promoted superoxide generation, leading to Tyr42 phosphorylation of RhoA through activations of c-Src and Rho-dependent coiled coil kinase 2 (ROCK2) and phosphorylation of p47phox, a component of NADPH oxidase. Wnt3A also induced accumulation of β-catenin along with activations of RhoA and ROCK1. Concurrently, ROCK1 was able to phosphorylate GSK-3β at Ser9, which phosphorylated Src at Ser51 and Ser492 residues, leading to Src inactivation through dephosphorylation of Tyr416 during the late period of Wnt3A treatment. Meanwhile, p-Tyr42 RhoA bound to β-catenin via the N-terminal domain of β-catenin, thereby leading to the nuclear translocation of p-Tyr42 RhoA/β-catenin complex. Notably, p-Tyr42 RhoA as well as β-catenin was associated with the promoter of Vim, leading to increased expression of vimentin. In addition, stomach cancer patients harboring higher expressed p-Tyr42 Rho levels revealed the much poorer survival probability. Therefore, we propose that p-Tyr42 RhoA is crucial for transcriptional regulation of specific target genes in the nucleus by binding to their promoters and involved in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallymdaehag-Gil 1, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shohel Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallymdaehag-Gil 1, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea; National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Jung Ki Min
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallymdaehag-Gil 1, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Beom Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallymdaehag-Gil 1, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbin Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis Treatment Care of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chul Kang
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang-si, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwee-Seon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallymdaehag-Gil 1, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Seong
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis Treatment Care of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallymdaehag-Gil 1, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Hallym Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Republic of Korea; ELmed Co. Room 3419, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Chen L, Xu M, Zhong W, Hu Y, Wang G. Knockdown of DDX46 suppresses the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer through inactivating Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Exp Cell Res 2020; 399:112448. [PMID: 33347858 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DEAD-box RNA helicase 46 (DDX46) has recently been identified as a candidate oncogene in several types of human malignancies. To date, the role of DDX46 in gastric cancer has not been determined. The purpose of the current study was to explore the role of DDX46 in gastric cancer and the potential mechanism. DDX46-silecing or overexpressing gastric cancer cell lines were established to validate the role of DDX46. Our results showed that the expression of DDX46 was significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of DDX46 suppressed the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Whereas, DDX46 overexpression enhanced the cell proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, knockdown of DDX46 markedly suppressed the tumor growth of xenografts. Research into the mechanism revealed that DDX46 depletion inhibited the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in gastric cancer cells. Notably, activation of Akt or β-catenin overexpression reversed the DDX46 depletion-mediated anti-cancer effect. In conclusion, these findings indicated that DDX46 exerted an oncogenic role in gastric cancer via regulating the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Thus, DDX46 might be utilized as a therapeutic anti-cancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Chen
- International Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Min Xu
- International Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Wenting Zhong
- International Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yinghui Hu
- International Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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30
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Galectin-3 favours tumour metastasis via the activation of β-catenin signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1521-1534. [PMID: 32801345 PMCID: PMC7653936 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-1022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High probability of metastasis limited the long-term survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our previous study revealed that Galectin-3 was closely associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. Methods The effects of Galectin-3 on tumour metastasis were investigated in vitro and in vivo, and the underlying biological and molecular mechanisms involved in this process were evaluated. Results Galectin-3 showed a close correlation with vascular invasion and poor survival in a large-scale study in HCC patients from multiple sets. Galectin-3 was significantly involved in diverse metastasis-related processes in HCC cells, such as angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, Galectin-3 activated the PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β-β-catenin signalling cascade; the β-catenin/TCF4 transcriptional complex directly targeted IGFBP3 and vimentin to regulate angiogenesis and EMT, respectively. In animal models, Galectin-3 enhanced the tumorigenesis and metastasis of HCC cells via β-catenin signalling. Moreover, molecular deletion of Galectin-3-β-catenin signalling synergistically improved the antitumour effect of sorafenib. Conclusions The Galectin-3-β-catenin-IGFBP3/vimentin signalling cascade was determined as a central mechanism controlling HCC metastasis, providing possible biomarkers for predicating vascular metastasis and sorafenib resistance, as well as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of HCC patients.
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31
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Rushton E, Kopke DL, Broadie K. Extracellular heparan sulfate proteoglycans and glycan-binding lectins orchestrate trans-synaptic signaling. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/15/jcs244186. [PMID: 32788209 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.244186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The exceedingly narrow synaptic cleft (<20 nm) and adjacent perisynaptic extracellular space contain an astonishing array of secreted and membrane-anchored glycoproteins. A number of these extracellular molecules regulate intercellular trans-synaptic signaling by binding to ligands, acting as co-receptors or modulating ligand-receptor interactions. Recent work has greatly expanded our understanding of extracellular proteoglycan and glycan-binding lectin families as key regulators of intercellular signaling at the synapse. These secreted proteins act to regulate the compartmentalization of glycoprotein ligands and receptors, crosslink dynamic extracellular and cell surface lattices, modulate both exocytosis and endocytosis vesicle cycling, and control postsynaptic receptor trafficking. Here, we focus closely on the Drosophila glutamatergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) as a model synapse for understanding extracellular roles of the many heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) and lectin proteins that help determine synaptic architecture and neurotransmission strength. We particularly concentrate on the roles of extracellular HSPGs and lectins in controlling trans-synaptic signaling, especially that mediated by the Wnt and BMP pathways. These signaling mechanisms are causally linked to a wide spectrum of neurological disease states that impair coordinated movement and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rushton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brain Institute, and Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Danielle L Kopke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brain Institute, and Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kendal Broadie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brain Institute, and Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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32
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Li MN, Lu N, Wang YX, Zhang XQ, Zhou Y, Zhang MX. Regulatory mechanism of tumor suppressor gene miR-302b in malignant tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:570-580. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i14.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of endogenous non-coding RNA molecules that regulate the translation of proteins. They play important regulatory roles in the growth, development, and aging of organisms, as well as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and even cancer. miR-302b can participate in the regulation of the expression of a variety of genes, and functions as a tumor suppressor gene in the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of malignant tumors. This article discusses the expression of miR-302b in malignant tumors and its biological functions and molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Na Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ming-Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China,the Second Clinical Medical College of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
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33
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Filipová M, Bojarová P, Rodrigues Tavares M, Bumba L, Elling L, Chytil P, Gunár K, Křen V, Etrych T, Janoušková O. Glycopolymers for Efficient Inhibition of Galectin-3: In Vitro Proof of Efficacy Using Suppression of T Lymphocyte Apoptosis and Tumor Cell Migration. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3122-3133. [PMID: 32697592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient galectin-3 (Gal-3) inhibitors draws attention in the field of anti-cancer therapy, especially due to the prominent role of extra- and intracellular Gal-3 in vital processes of cancerogenesis, such as immunosuppression, stimulation of tumor cells proliferation, survival, invasion, apoptotic resistance, and metastasis formation and progression. Here, by combining poly-LacNAc (Galβ4GlcNAc)-derived oligosaccharides with N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers, we synthesized multivalent glycopolymer inhibitors with a high potential to target extracellular and intracellular Gal-3. The inhibitory capabilities of the best conjugate in the studied series were in the nanomolar range proving the excellent Gal-3 inhibitory potential. Moreover, thorough investigation of the inhibitory effect in the biological conditions showed that the glycopolymers strongly inhibited Gal-3-induced apoptosis of T lymphocytes and suppressed migration and spreading of colorectal, breast, melanoma, and prostate cancer cells. In sum, the strong inhibitory activity toward Gal-3, combined with favorable pharmacokinetics of HPMA copolymers ensuring enhanced tumor accumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention effect, nominate the glycopolymers containing LacdiNAc-LacNAc (GalNAcβ4GlcNAcβ3Galβ4GlcNAc) tetrasaccharide as promising tools for preclinical in anti-cancer therapy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Filipová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic.,Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Sítná Sq. 3105, CZ-27201 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Rodrigues Tavares
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Lothar Elling
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 20, D-52079 Aachen, Germany
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Gunár
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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34
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Marques GR, Rocha LF, Vargas THM, Pulz LH, Huete GC, Cadrobbi KG, Pires CG, Sanches DS, Mota EFF, Strefezzi RF. Relationship of Galectin-3 Expression in Canine Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas with Histopathological Grading and Proliferation Indices. J Comp Pathol 2020; 178:16-21. [PMID: 32800103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a frequent malignant neoplasm of the skin that usually arises from areas of solar dermatosis. It is characterized by local invasiveness and regional lymph node metastasis, mainly in poorly differentiated tumours. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a lectin that is expressed in the nucleus or cytoplasm and has been identified as a prognostic tool for human neoplasms. The purpose of this study was to characterize Gal-3 expression in canine cutaneous SCCs and to investigate its relationship with tumour differentiation and cell proliferation indices. Immunohistochemical analysis of 50 SCCs for Gal-3 revealed no correlation between the localization or intensity of immunolabelling, or number of immunopositive cells, with histological grade of tumour or proliferative activity. The results suggest that Gal-3 expression is not a reliable prognostic marker for cutaneous SCC in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Marques
- Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - L F Rocha
- Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - T H M Vargas
- Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - L H Pulz
- Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil; Centro Universitário da Fundação de Ensino Octávio Bastos, São João da Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - G C Huete
- Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil; PROVET Veterinária Diagnóstica, Brazil
| | - K G Cadrobbi
- Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil; PROVET Veterinária Diagnóstica, Brazil
| | - C G Pires
- Centro Veterinário de Anatomia Patológica - CVAP, Brazil
| | - D S Sanches
- Centro Veterinário de Anatomia Patológica - CVAP, Brazil
| | - E F F Mota
- Histopet Patologia Veterinária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R F Strefezzi
- Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.
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Ding Q, Mo F, Cai X, Zhang W, Wang J, Yang S, Liu X. LncRNA CRNDE is activated by SP1 and promotes osteosarcoma proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3358-3371. [PMID: 31898343 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified as a vital part in the development and progression of cancer in recent years. Colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE), a lncRNA, functions as an oncogene in some malignant neoplasias, but its role in the progression of osteosarcoma (OS) is still poorly understood. To dissect the difference in the expression of CRNDE, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to evaluate it in OS tissues and cell lines (U2OS, MG63, and MNNG/HOS) compared with that in the adjacent normal tissues/osteoblast cells (hFOB1.19). The role of CRNDE in OS lines was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling staining, flow cytometry, Transwell assays, and Western blot, respectively. The results demonstrated that the expression of CRNDE was high in OS tissues and cell lines, and partly induced by SP1. CRNDE knockdown attenuated OS cell proliferation and invasion and induced apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest. Moreover, the expression of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail were downregulated, while the expression of epithelial markers E-cadherin and ZO-1 were conversely upregulated due to CRNDE knockdown. The mechanistic investigations showed that CRNDE promoted glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation to activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The results suggested that lncRNA CRNDE indeed contributed to OS proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, working as an oncogene, demonstrating that lncRNA CRNDE may be a valid therapeutic target for the OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengbo Mo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xianyi Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenda Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, The First People's Hospital of YiChang, Yichang, China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianzhe Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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36
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Al-Dalahmah O, Nicholson J, Draijer S, Soares LC, Szele FG. Galectin-3 diminishes Wnt signaling in the postnatal subventricular zone. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1149-1158. [PMID: 32442340 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal subventricular zone (pSVZ) stem and progenitor cell proliferation is regulated by several developmental signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin. However, the molecular regulation of Wnt function in the pSVZ is poorly understood. We previously showed that Wnt signaling is upregulated in an SVZ gliomagenesis in vivo model. As well, the pro-inflammatory molecule Galectin-3 (Gal-3) increases Wnt signaling in cancer cells and is expressed in the SVZ. Therefore, we asked if Gal-3 has a similar function on Wnt signaling in the pSVZ. We interrogated Wnt signaling using a signaling reporter as well as immunohistochemistry and showed that Wnt signaling predominates upstream in the pSVZ lineage but is downregulated in migrating neuroblasts. Biochemical analysis of SVZ cells, in vivo and in neurosphere stem/progenitor cells, showed that Gal-3 physically interacts with multiple forms of β-catenin, which is a major downstream regulator of Wnt signaling. Functional analyses demonstrated, in vitro and in vivo, that Gal-3 knockdown increases Wnt signaling and conversely that Gal-3 OE inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the pSVZ. This latter result suggested that Gal-3, which is consistently increased in brain injury, may decrease pSVZ proliferation. We showed that Gal-3 OE decreased proliferation without altering cell cycle re-entry and that it increased p27Kip1, a molecule which induces cell cycle exit. Our data uncover a novel regulator of Wnt signaling in the SVZ, Gal-3, which does so in a manner opposite to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Al-Dalahmah
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Nicholson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Swip Draijer
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Luana Campos Soares
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francis G Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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37
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Song S, Li Y, Xu Y, Ma L, Pool Pizzi M, Jin J, Scott AW, Huo L, Wang Y, Lee JH, Bhutani MS, Weston B, Shanbhag ND, Johnson RL, Ajani JA. Targeting Hippo coactivator YAP1 through BET bromodomain inhibition in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1410-1426. [PMID: 32175692 PMCID: PMC7266288 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippo/YAP1 signaling is a major regulator of organ size, cancer stemness, and aggressive phenotype. Thus, targeting YAP1 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for tumors with high YAP1 expression in esophageal cancer (EC). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChiP) and quantitative ChiP‐PCR were used to determine the regulation of the chromatin remodeling protein bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (BRD4) on YAP1. The role of the bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) inhibitor JQ1, an established BRD4 inhibitor, on inhibition of YAP1 in EC cells was dissected using western blot, immunofluorescence, qPCR, and transient transfection. The antitumor activities of BET inhibitor were further examined by variety of functional assays, cell proliferation (MTS), tumorsphere, and ALDH1+ labeling in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that BRD4 regulates YAP1 expression and transcription. ChiP assays revealed that BRD4 directly occupies YAP1 promoter and that JQ1 robustly blocks BRD4 binding to the YAP1 promoter. Consequently, JQ1 strongly suppresses constitutive or induced YAP1 expression and transcription in EC cells and YAP1/Tead downstream transcriptional activity. Intriguingly, radiation‐resistant cells that acquire strong cancer stem cell traits and an aggressive phenotype can be effectively suppressed by JQ1 as assessed by cell proliferation, tumorsphere formation, and reduction in the ALDH1+ cells. Moreover, effects of JQ1 are synergistically amplified by the addition of docetaxel in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that BRD4 is a critical regulator of Hippo/YAP1 signaling and that BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 represents a new class of inhibitor of Hippo/YAP1 signaling, primarily targeting YAP1 high and therapy‐resistant cancer cells enriched with cancer stem cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lang Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melissa Pool Pizzi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiankang Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ailing W Scott
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Longfei Huo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manoop S Bhutani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Weston
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Namita D Shanbhag
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Randy L Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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38
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Kasacka I, Piotrowska Ż, Niezgoda M, Lewandowska A, Łebkowski W. Ageing-related changes in the levels of β-catenin, CacyBP/SIP, galectin-3 and immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 in the heart of men. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229462. [PMID: 32119722 PMCID: PMC7051089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular causes in men. To better understand the cellular processes related to age-related cardiac complications, we undertook research aimed at comparative evaluation of genes expression and distribution of β-catenin, CacyBP/SIP, galectin-3 and LMP7 in the heart of healthy men in different age groups. The study was conducted on the hearts of 12 men (organ donors) without a history of cardiovascular disease, who were divided into two age groups: men under and men over 45 years of age. On paraffin sections, immunohistochemical reactions were performed to detect β-catenin, CacyBP/SIP, galectin-3 and immunoproteasome subunit LMP7. The expression of genes coding β-catenin, CacyBP/SIP, galectin-3 and LMP7 was also evaluated by real-time PCR method. In the heart of men over 45 years old, both gene expression and immunoreactivity of β-catenin, CacyBP/SIP, galectin-3 and LMP7 were stronger compared to younger individuals. The results of the presented studies suggest that β-catenin, CacyBP/SIP, galectin-3 and immunoproteasomes might be involved in the internal regulation of heart homeostasis during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Żaneta Piotrowska
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Michał Niezgoda
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Alicja Lewandowska
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Łebkowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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39
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TRAIL in oncology: From recombinant TRAIL to nano- and self-targeted TRAIL-based therapies. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104716. [PMID: 32084560 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively induces the apoptosis pathway in tumor cells leading to tumor cell death. Because TRAIL induction can kill tumor cells, cancer researchers have developed many agents to target TRAIL and some of these agents have entered clinical trials in oncology. Unfortunately, these trials have failed for many reasons, including drug resistance, off-target toxicities, short half-life, and specifically in gene therapy due to the limited uptake of TRAIL genes by cancer cells. To address these drawbacks, translational researchers have utilized drug delivery platforms. Although, these platforms can improve TRAIL-based therapies, they are unable to sufficiently translate the full potential of TRAIL-targeting to clinically viable products. Herein, we first summarize the complex biology of TRAIL signaling, including TRAILs cross-talk with other signaling pathways and immune cells. Next, we focus on known resistant mechanisms to TRAIL-based therapies. Then, we discuss how nano-formulation has the potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of TRAIL protein. Finally, we specify strategies with the potential to overcome the challenges that cannot be addressed via nanotechnology alone, including the alternative methods of TRAIL-expressing circulating cells, tumor-targeting bacteria, viruses, and exosomes.
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Yuzhalin AE, Lim SY, Gordon-Weeks AN, Fischer R, Kessler BM, Yu D, Muschel RJ. Proteomics analysis of the matrisome from MC38 experimental mouse liver metastases. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G625-G639. [PMID: 31545917 PMCID: PMC6879896 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00014.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dissemination of primary tumors to distant anatomical sites has a substantial negative impact on patient prognosis. The liver is a common site for metastases from colorectal cancer, and patients with hepatic metastases have generally much shorter survival, raising a need to develop and implement novel strategies for targeting metastatic disease. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a meshwork of highly crosslinked, insoluble high-molecular-mass proteins maintaining tissue integrity and establishing cell-cell interactions. Emerging evidence identifies the importance of the ECM in cancer cell migration, invasion, intravasation, and metastasis. Here, we isolated the ECM from MC38 mouse liver metastases using our optimized method of mild detergent solubilization followed by biochemical enrichment. The matrices were subjected to label-free quantitative mass spectrometry analysis, revealing proteins highly abundant in the metastatic matrisome. The resulting list of proteins upregulated in the ECM significantly predicted survival in patients with colorectal cancer but not other cancers with strong involvement of the ECM component. One of the proteins upregulated in liver metastatic ECM, annexin A1, was not previously studied in the context of cancer-associated matrisome. Here, we show that annexin A1 was markedly upregulated in colon cancer cell lines compared with cancer cells of other origin and also over-represented in human primary colorectal lesions, as well as hepatic metastases, compared with their adjacent healthy tissue counterparts. In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive ECM characterization of MC38 experimental liver metastases and proposes annexin A1 as a putative target for this disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, the authors provide an extensive proteomics characterization of murine colorectal cancer liver metastasis matrisome (the ensemble of all extracellular matrix molecules). The findings presented in this study may enable identification of therapeutic targets or biomarkers of hepatic metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseniy E Yuzhalin
- Cancer Research United Kingdom/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Su Yin Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alex N Gordon-Weeks
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ruth J Muschel
- Cancer Research United Kingdom/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Al-Dalahmah O, Campos Soares L, Nicholson J, Draijer S, Mundim M, Lu VM, Sun B, Tyler T, Adorján I, O'Neill E, Szele FG. Galectin-3 modulates postnatal subventricular zone gliogenesis. Glia 2019; 68:435-450. [PMID: 31626379 PMCID: PMC6916335 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal subventricular zone (SVZ) neural stem cells generate forebrain glia, namely astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The cues necessary for this process are unclear, despite this phase of brain development being pivotal in forebrain gliogenesis. Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) is increased in multiple brain pathologies and thereby regulates astrocyte proliferation and inflammation in injury. To study the function of Gal‐3 in inflammation and gliogenesis, we carried out functional studies in mouse. We overexpressed Gal‐3 with electroporation and using immunohistochemistry surprisingly found no inflammation in the healthy postnatal SVZ. This allowed investigation of inflammation‐independent effects of Gal‐3 on gliogenesis. Loss of Gal‐3 function via knockdown or conditional knockout reduced gliogenesis, whereas Gal‐3 overexpression increased it. Gal‐3 overexpression also increased the percentage of striatal astrocytes generated by the SVZ but decreased the percentage of oligodendrocytes. These novel findings were further elaborated with multiple analyses demonstrating that Gal‐3 binds to the bone morphogenetic protein receptor one alpha (BMPR1α) and increases bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Conditional knockout of BMPR1α abolished the effect of Gal‐3 overexpression on gliogenesis. Gain‐of‐function of Gal‐3 is relevant in pathological conditions involving the human forebrain, which is particularly vulnerable to hypoxia/ischemia during perinatal gliogenesis. Hypoxic/ischemic injury induces astrogliosis, inflammation and cell death. We show that Gal‐3 immunoreactivity was increased in the perinatal human SVZ and striatum after hypoxia/ischemia. Our findings thus show a novel inflammation‐independent function for Gal‐3; it is necessary for gliogenesis and when increased in expression can induce astrogenesis via BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Al-Dalahmah
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Luana Campos Soares
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Nicholson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Swip Draijer
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mayara Mundim
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Victor M Lu
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Teadora Tyler
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Adorján
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eric O'Neill
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francis G Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Xu Y, Li Y, Jin J, Han G, Sun C, Pizzi MP, Huo L, Scott A, Wang Y, Ma L, Lee JH, Bhutani MS, Weston B, Vellano C, Yang L, Lin C, Kim Y, MacLeod AR, Wang L, Wang Z, Song S, Ajani JA. LncRNA PVT1 up-regulation is a poor prognosticator and serves as a therapeutic target in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:141. [PMID: 31601234 PMCID: PMC6785865 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PVT1 has emerged as an oncogene in many tumor types. However, its role in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the role of PVT1 in BE/EAC progression and uncover its therapeutic value against EAC. Methods PVT1 expression was assessed by qPCR in normal, BE, and EAC tissues and statistical analysis was performed to determine the association of PVT1 expression and EAC (stage, metastases, and survival). PVT1 antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) were tested for their antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Results PVT1 expression was up-regulated in EACs compared with paired BEs, and normal esophageal tissues. High expression of PVT1 was associated with poor differentiation, lymph node metastases, and shorter survival. Effective knockdown of PVT1 in EAC cells using PVT1 ASOs resulted in decreased cell proliferation, invasion, colony formation, tumor sphere formation, and reduced proportion of ALDH1A1+ cells. Mechanistically, we discovered mutual regulation of PVT1 and YAP1 in EAC cells. Inhibition of PVT1 by PVT1 ASOs suppressed YAP1 expression through increased phosphor-LATS1and phosphor-YAP1 while knockout of YAP1 in EAC cells significantly suppressed PVT1 levels indicating a positive regulation of PVT1 by YAP1. Most importantly, we found that targeting both PVT1 and YAP1 using their specific ASOs led to better antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Our results provide strong evidence that PVT1 confers an aggressive phenotype to EAC and is a poor prognosticator. Combined targeting of PVT1 and YAP1 provided the highest therapeutic index and represents a novel therapeutic strategy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-019-1064-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiankang Jin
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guangchun Han
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chengcao Sun
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Melissa Pool Pizzi
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Longfei Huo
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ailing Scott
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lang Ma
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Lee
- Departments of Gastroenterology&Hepatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Manoop S Bhutani
- Departments of Gastroenterology&Hepatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Brian Weston
- Departments of Gastroenterology&Hepatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher Vellano
- Center for Co-Clinical Trial, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunru Lin
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - A Robert MacLeod
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Linghua Wang
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shumei Song
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Jiang XN, Dang YF, Gong FL, Guo XL. Role and regulation mechanism of Gal-3 in non-small cell lung cancer and its potential clinical therapeutic significance. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 309:108724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Beyond N-Cadherin, Relevance of Cadherins 5, 6 and 17 in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133373. [PMID: 31324051 PMCID: PMC6651558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesion molecules (cadherins) and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion proteins (integrins) play a critical role in the regulation of cancer invasion and metastasis. Although significant progress has been made in the characterization of multiple members of the cadherin superfamily, most of the published work continues to focus in the switch E-/N-cadherin and its role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Here, we will discuss the structural and functional properties of a subset of cadherins (cadherin 17, cadherin 5 and cadherin 6) that have an RGD motif in the extracellular domains. This RGD motif is critical for the interaction with α2β1 integrin and posterior integrin pathway activation in cancer metastatic cells. However, other signaling pathways seem to be affected by RGD cadherin interactions, as will be discussed. The range of solid tumors with overexpression or "de novo" expression of one or more of these three cadherins is very wide (gastrointestinal, gynaecological and melanoma, among others), underscoring the relevance of these cadherins in cancer metastasis. Finally, we will discuss different evidences that support the therapeutic use of these cadherins by blocking their capacity to work as integrin ligands in order to develop new cures for metastatic patients.
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Ruvolo PP, Hu CW, Qiu Y, Ruvolo VR, Go RL, Hubner SE, Coombes KR, Andreeff M, Qutub AA, Kornblau SM. LGALS3 is connected to CD74 in a previously unknown protein network that is associated with poor survival in patients with AML. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:126-137. [PMID: 31105032 PMCID: PMC6604360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin 3 (LGALS3) gene expression is associated with poor survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but the prognostic impact of LGALS3 protein expression in AML is unknown. LGALS3 supports diverse survival pathways including RAS mediated cascades, protein expression and stability of anti-apoptotic BCL2 family members, and activation of proliferative pathways including those mediated by beta Catenin. CD74 is a positive regulator of CD44 and CXCR4 signaling and this molecule may be critical for AML stem cell function. At present, the role of LGALS3 and CD74 in AML is unclear. In this study, we examine protein expression of LGALS3 and CD74 by reverse phase protein analysis (RPPA) and identify new protein networks associated with these molecules. In addition, we determine prognostic potential of LGALS3, CD74, and their protein networks for clinical correlates in AML patients. Methods RPPA was used to determine relative expression of LGALS3, CD74, and 229 other proteins in 231 fresh AML patient samples and 205 samples were from patients who were treated and evaluable for outcome. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to identify proteins associated with LGALS3 and CD74. Progeny clustering was performed to generate protein networks. String analysis was performed to determine protein:protein interactions in networks and to perform gene ontology analysis. Kaplan-Meir method was used to generate survival curves. Findings LGALS3 is highest in monocytic AML patients and those with elevated LGALS3 had significantly shorter remission duration compared to patients with lower LGALS3 levels (median 21.9 vs 51.3 weeks, p = 0.016). Pearson correlation of LGALS3 with 230 other proteins identifies a distinct set of 37 proteins positively correlated with LGALS3 expression levels with a high representation of proteins involved in AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Thirty-one proteins were negatively correlated with LGALS3 including an AKT phosphatase. Pearson correlation of proteins associated with CD74 identified 12 proteins negatively correlated with CD74 and 16 proteins that are positively correlated with CD74. CD74 network revealed strong association with CD44 signaling and a high representation of apoptosis regulators. Progeny clustering was used to build protein networks based on LGALS3 and CD74 associated proteins. A strong relationship of the LGALS3 network with the CD74 network was identified. For AML patients with both the LGALS3 and CD74 protein cluster active, median overall survival was only 24.3 weeks, median remission duration was 17.8 weeks, and no patient survived beyond one year. Interpretation The findings from this study identify for the first time protein networks associated with LGALS3 and CD74 in AML. Each network features unique pathway characteristics. The data also suggest that the LGALS3 network and the CD74 network each support AML cell survival and the two networks may cooperate in a novel high risk AML population. Fund Leukemia Lymphoma Society provided funds to SMK for RPPA study of AML patient population. Texas Leukemia provided funds to PPR and SMK to study CD74 and LGALS3 expression in AML patients using RPPA. No payment was involved in the production of this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Chenyue W Hu
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yihua Qiu
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivian R Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robin L Go
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan E Hubner
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin R Coombes
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amina A Qutub
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Tan M, Liang Y, Huang W, Cheng Y, Jiang Z, He G, Gao Y, Pan M. [Galectin-3 induces differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 38:1076-1082. [PMID: 30377104 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.09.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of galectin-3 in inducing the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into hepatocyte- like cells and explore the involvement of the signaling pathways in the induced cell differentiation. METHODS The third passage of cultured rat femoral BMSCs were treated with 0.5 μg/mL galectin-3, 20 ng/mL hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or both to induce their differentiation, with untreated rat BMSCs and hepatocytes as controls. At 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of induction, the cells were examined for morphological changes followed by glycogen staining, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Gene microarray technique was used to examine the mRNA expression profile of the BMSCs induced with galectin-3. The BMSCs were also induced with galectin-3 in combination with XMU-MP-1, a Hippo signaling pathway inhibitor, after which Western blotting was performed to detect the expressions of YAP, P-YAP, ALB, AFP and CK-18 in the cells. RESULTS The cells isolated from the femoral bone marrow of SD rats showed a consistent surface marker phenotype with the BMSCs. Induction with galectin-3, HGF, or both all resulted in gradual morphological changes of the BMSCs into hepatocyte-like cells, and the cells with a combined induction for 28 days showed the highest morphological similarity with hepatocytes. The cells induced with galectin-3, HGF, or their combination for 28 days all showed increased positivity rate of glycogen staining, which was the highest in the cells with combined induction (P < 0.05) without significant difference between the cells induced with galectin-3 and HGF alone (P > 0.05). Induction with galectin-3 and HGF alone both increased the expressions of AFP, ALB and CK-18 mRNAs in the cells, and their expression levels were similar between the cells at 28 days (P > 0.05). Galectin-3 and HGF did not show an interactive effect on the mRNA expressions of AFP (F=0.236, P=0.640) or ALB (F=50.639, P=0.000), but had a synergistic effect on CK-18 mRNA expression (F=50.639, P=0.000). The protein expressions of AFP, ALB and CK18 were also increased in the induced cells but not detected in the cells without induction. Gene microarray results revealed 27 up-regulated genes and 62 down-regulated genes in galectin-3-induced BMSCs involving TGF-β, PI3K-Akt and Hippo signal pathways. Induction with galectin-3 and galectin-3+XMU-MP-1 increased YAP expression in the cells, and galectin-3+XMU-MP-1 was more efficient to induce the differentiation of the BMSCs. CONCLUSIONS Galectin-3 can induce the differentiation of rat BMSCs into hepatocyte-like cells, and the combination with HGF increases the efficiency of induced differentiation of the cells. TGF-β, PI3K-Akt and Hippo pathways are involved in the induced differentiation of the BMSCs, and inhibiting Hippo pathway can improve the induction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Tan
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.,First Department of General Surgery, Nanhai People's Hospital, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yuling Liang
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Zesheng Jiang
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Guolin He
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Mingxin Pan
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
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Li F, Xu Y, Liu B, Singh PK, Zhao W, Jin J, Han G, Scott AW, Dong X, Huo L, Ma L, Pizzi MP, Wang Y, Li Y, Harada K, Xie M, Skinner HD, Ding S, Wang L, Krishnan S, Johnson RL, Song S, Ajani JA. YAP1-Mediated CDK6 Activation Confers Radiation Resistance in Esophageal Cancer - Rationale for the Combination of YAP1 and CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Esophageal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:2264-2277. [PMID: 30563933 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Esophageal cancer is a lethal disease that is often resistant to therapy. Alterations of YAP1 and CDK6 are frequent in esophageal cancer. Deregulation of both molecules may be responsible for therapy resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Expressions of YAP1 and CDK6 were examined in esophageal cancer cells and tissues using immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. YAP1 expression was induced in esophageal cancer cells to examine YAP1-mediated CDK6 activation and its association with radiation resistance. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibitions of YAP1 and CDK6 were performed to dissect the mechanisms and assess the antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS YAP1 expression was positively associated with CDK6 expression in resistant esophageal cancer tissues and cell lines. YAP1 overexpression upregulated CDK6 expression and transcription, and promoted radiation resistance, whereas treatment with the YAP1 inhibitor, CA3, strongly suppressed YAP1 and CDK6 overexpression, reduced Rb phosphorylation, as well as sensitized radiation-resistant/YAP1high esophageal cancer cells to irradiation. CDK4/6 inhibitor, LEE011, and knock down of CDK6 dramatically inhibited expression of YAP1 and sensitized resistant esophageal cancer cells to irradiation indicating a positive feed-forward regulation of YAP1 by CDK6. In addition, suppression of both the YAP1 and CDK6 pathways by the combination of CA3 and LEE011 significantly reduced esophageal cancer cell growth and cancer stem cell population (ALDH1 + and CD133 + ), sensitized cells to irradiation, and showed a strong antitumor effect in vivo against radiation-resistant esophageal cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results document that a positive crosstalk between the YAP1 and CDK6 pathways plays an important role in conferring radiation resistance to esophageal cancer cells. Targeting both YAP1 and CDK6 pathways could be a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome resistance in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of General Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bovey Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiankang Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guangchun Han
- Department of Genomic Medicine, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ailing W Scott
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaochuan Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Longfei Huo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lang Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Melissa Pool Pizzi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kazuto Harada
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Heath D Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sheng Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Randy L Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, U.T.MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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48
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Endogenous and exogenous galectin-3 promote the adhesion of tumor cells with low expression of MUC1 to HUVECs through upregulation of N-cadherin and CD44. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1642-1656. [PMID: 30171204 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell-endothelial adhesion is one of the key steps in tumor cell haematogenous dissemination in metastasis and was previously shown to be mediated by interaction of galectin-3 with the transmembrane mucin protein MUC1. In this study, the effect of exogenous as well as endogenous galectin-3 on adhesion of two cell lines (low MUC1-expressing human prostate cancer PC-3M cells and non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells) to monolayer of umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated. We found that suppression of endogenous galectin-3 expression reduced tumor cell adhesion to HUVECs and also decreased cell invasion and migration. Exogenous galectin-3 promoted tumor cell adhesion to HUVECs by entering cells. Both exogenous and endogenous galectin-3 upregulated the expression of β-catenin and increased β-catenin nuclear accumulation, and subsequently upregulated the expression of N-cadherin and CD44. We deduced that both exogenous as well as endogenous galectin-3 promoted low MUC1-expressing cancer cell adhesion to HUVECs by increasing the expression of N-cadherin and CD44 via an increase of nuclear β-catenin accumulation. These results were confirmed further by using a β-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity inhibitor, N-cadherin or CD44 siRNAs. Taken together, our results suggest a new molecular mechanism of galectin-3-mediated cell adhesion in cancer metastasis.
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Nangia-Makker P, Hogan V, Raz A. Galectin-3 and cancer stemness. Glycobiology 2018; 28:172-181. [PMID: 29315388 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades galectin-3, a carbohydrate binding protein, with affinity for N-acetyllactosamine residues, has been unique due to the regulatory roles it performs in processes associated with tumor progression and metastasis such as cell proliferation, homotypic/heterotypic aggregation, dynamic cellular transformation, migration and invasion, survival and apoptosis. Structure-function association of galectin-3 reveals that it consists of a short amino terminal motif, which regulates its nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling; a collagen α-like domain, susceptible to cleavage by matrix metalloproteases and prostate specific antigen; accountable for its oligomerization and lattice formation, and a carbohydrate-recognition/binding domain containing the anti-death motif of the Bcl2 protein family. This structural complexity permits galectin-3 to associate with numerous molecules utilizing protein-protein and/or protein-carbohydrate interactions in the extra-cellular as well as intracellular milieu and regulate diverse signaling pathways, a number of which appear directed towards epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stemness. Self-renewal, differentiation, long-term culturing and drug-resistance potential characterize cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small cell subpopulation within the tumor that is thought to be accountable for heterogeneity, recurrence and metastasis of tumors. Despite the fact that association of galectin-3 to the tumor stemness phenomenon is still in its infancy, there is sufficient direct evidence of its regulatory roles in CSC-associated phenotypes and signaling pathways. In this review, we have highlighted the available data on galectin-3 regulated functions pertinent to cancer stemness and explored the opportunities of its exploitation as a CSC marker and a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Nangia-Makker
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Victor Hogan
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Avraham Raz
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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50
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Liu Y, Xie L, Wang D, Li D, Xu G, Wang L, Zhou H, Yu Y, Lin Z, Lu H. Galectin-3 and β-catenin are associated with a poor prognosis in serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3963-3971. [PMID: 30310317 PMCID: PMC6165784 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s171146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was designed to explore the expression levels of Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and β-catenin in serous epithelial ovarian cancer (SEOC), the linkage between their expressions, and the clinicopathological features of SEOC patients. Patients and methods Seventy-four SEOC patients' specimens were detected for Gal-3 and β-Catenin expressions using immunohistochemistry, and the association between β-catenin or Gal-3 protein expressions and clinicopathological features, treatment effects, and prognosis were analyzed using SPSS 19.0. Western blot was used to analyze protein expressions of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in ovarian cancer cell lines. Results There was a statistically significant positive correlation between Gal-3 and β-catenin expressions in SEOC (r=0.304 and P=0.001). Gal-3 expression was related to the grade (P=0.037), clinical stage (P=0.034), platinum resistance (P=0.030), and recurrence (P=0.001) in SEOC. There was a significant correlation between β-catenin with recurrence in SEOC (P=0.035). Platinum resistance (P=0.003) and Gal-3 expression (P<0.001) were independent risk factors for poorer overall survival (OS). OS of the strongly positive Gal-3 group was significantly lower than that of the negative and weakly positive groups (log-rank test, P=0.001). OS of the positive β-catenin group was lower than that of the negative β-catenin group (log-rank test, P=0.034). Downregulating Gal-3 expression attenuated the protein expressions of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in ovarian cancer cell lines. Conclusion Gal-3 might activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in SEOC. Hence, Gal-3 may serve as a prognostic factor for SEOC. Targeting Gal-3 may be a promising new treatment approach for SEOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, .,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
| | - Lingling Xie
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, .,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
| | - Dongyan Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
| | - Da Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
| | - Guocai Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
| | - Yuefei Yu
- Department of Research and Development, Guangzhou Hengtai Biotech Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Research and Development, Ameritech Biomedicines, Inc., Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhongqiu Lin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
| | - Huaiwu Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, .,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
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