1
|
Huang J, Chen T, Wang J, Wang Z, Huang S. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and CIBERSORT screening of key genes related to m6A methylation in Hirschsprung's disease. Front Genet 2023; 14:1183467. [PMID: 37144136 PMCID: PMC10152065 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1183467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a neural crest disease that results from the failure of enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) to migrate to the corresponding intestinal segment. The RET gene, which regulates enteric neural crest cell proliferation and migration, is considered one of the main risk factors for HSCR and is commonly used to construct HSCR mouse models. The epigenetic mechanism of m6A modification is involved in HSCR. In this study, we analyzed the GEO database (GSE103070) for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and focused on m6A-related genes. Comparing the RNA-seq data of Wide Type and RET Null, a total of 326 DEGs were identified, of which 245 genes were associated with m6A. According to the CIBERSORT analysis, the proportion of Memory B-cell in RET Null was significantly higher than that of Wide Type. Venn diagram analysis was used to identify key genes in the selected memory B-cell modules and DEGs associated with m6A. Enrichment analysis showed that seven genes were mainly involved in focal adhesion, HIV infection, actin cytoskeleton organization and regulation of binding. These findings could provide a theoretical basis for molecular mechanism studies of HSCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Huang
- Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingwei Chen
- Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shungen Huang
- Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shungen Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Therapeutic inhibition of USP9x-mediated Notch signaling in triple-negative breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2101592118. [PMID: 34518219 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101592118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype that lacks targeted treatment options. The activation of the Notch developmental signaling pathway, which is a feature of TNBC, results in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of protumoral macrophages to the tumor microenvironment. While the Notch pathway is an obvious therapeutic target, its activity is ubiquitous, and predictably, anti-Notch therapies are burdened with significant on-target side effects. Previously, we discovered that, under conditions of cellular stress commonly found in the tumor microenvironment, the deubiquitinase USP9x forms a multiprotein complex with the pseudokinase tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3) that together activate the Notch pathway. Herein, we provide preclinical studies that support the potential of therapeutic USP9x inhibition to deactivate Notch. Using a murine TNBC model, we show that USP9x knockdown abrogates Notch activation, reducing the production of the proinflammatory cytokines, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Concomitant with these molecular changes, a reduction in tumor inflammation, the augmentation of antitumor immune response, and the suppression of tumor growth were observed. The pharmacological inhibition of USP9x using G9, a partially selective, small-molecule USP9x inhibitor, reduced Notch activity, remodeled the tumor immune landscape, and reduced tumor growth without associated toxicity. Proving the role of Notch, the ectopic expression of the activated Notch1 intracellular domain rescued G9-induced effects. This work supports the potential of USP9x inhibition to target Notch in metabolically vulnerable tissues like TNBC, while sparing normal Notch-dependent tissues.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang C, Liu J, Wang J, Zhang T, Xu D, Hu W, Feng Z. The Interplay Between Tumor Suppressor p53 and Hypoxia Signaling Pathways in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:648808. [PMID: 33681231 PMCID: PMC7930565 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumors and plays a critical role in different steps of tumor progression, including proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, metabolic reprogramming, and stemness of cancer cells. Activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling plays a critical role in regulating hypoxic responses in tumors. As a key tumor suppressor and transcription factor, p53 responds to a wide variety of stress signals, including hypoxia, and selectively transcribes its target genes to regulate various cellular responses to exert its function in tumor suppression. Studies have demonstrated a close but complex interplay between hypoxia and p53 signaling pathways. The p53 levels and activities can be regulated by the hypoxia and HIF signaling differently depending on the cell/tissue type and the severity and duration of hypoxia. On the other hand, p53 regulates the hypoxia and HIF signaling at multiple levels. Many tumor-associated mutant p53 proteins display gain-of-function (GOF) oncogenic activities to promote cancer progression. Emerging evidence has also shown that GOF mutant p53 can promote cancer progression through its interplay with the hypoxia and HIF signaling pathway. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the interplay between the hypoxia and p53 signaling pathways, its impact upon cancer progression, and its potential application in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wenwei Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
De A, De A, Sharma R, Suo W, Sharma M. Sensitization of Carboplatinum- and Taxol-Resistant High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cells Carrying p53, BRCA1/2 Mutations by Emblica officinalis (Amla) via Multiple Targets. J Cancer 2020; 11:1927-1939. [PMID: 32194804 PMCID: PMC7052860 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OC), the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, is highly resistant to current treatment strategies. High-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cells with increased somatic mutations and genomic instability and the resulting heterogeneous mutant phenotypes are highly resistant to therapy. Plant-derived natural products, including Amla (Emblica officinalis) extract (AE), have demonstrated potent anti-neoplastic properties. Recently we demonstrated that AE inhibits cell growth and the expression of angiogenic factors in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 OC cells in vitro as well as in xenografts in vivo. The goal of this study was to determine the anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic effects of AE on carboplatinum- and taxol-resistant HGSOC cells carrying p53, BRCA1/2 mutations. Methods: Anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects of AE on recently characterized carboplatinum- and taxol-resistant HGSOC cells (TOV3041G, OV866(2), OV4453 and, OV4485) was determined using the MTT, migration, invasion and spheroid assays in vitro. To understand the mechanism of AE-induced changes in angiogenesis-related hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and insulin growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R), and EMT-associated SNAIL1 and E-cadherin proteins were studied using immunostaining and Western blotting. In vivo effects of AE were determined using mouse xenograft tumor model of OC developed by subcutaneous injection of OV4485 cells that carry mutant p53 and BRCA1, most aggressive and resistant among HGSOC cell lines used in this study. Tumor growth was measured using morphometry. Immunostaining and Western blotting were used to determine changes in Ki67 (proliferation marker), CD31 (angiogenesis marker) as well as changes in HIF-1α, IGF1R, SNAIL1 and E-cadherin proteins. Results: AE significantly attenuated migration and invasiveness properties of all tested HGSOC cell phenotypes (P≤0.001), significantly reduced the expression of HIF-1α, IGF1R, and SNAIL1 and increased the expression of E-cadherin in all tested HGSOC cell lines (P=<0.05). Oral administration of AE for 4 weeks caused a significant regression of mouse xenograft tumor (>60%) that derived from OV4855 cells and decreased the expression of endothelial cell antigen-CD31, HIF-1α, IGF1R and SNAIL1 and increased the expression of E-cadherin in tumor tissues. Conclusions: AE sensitizes platinum- and taxol-resistant heterogenous HGSOC cells carrying mutations in p53, BRCA1/2 genes, and attenuates their malignant characteristics through targeting key signaling mechanisms of angiogenesis and metastasis. AE is a potential adjunct therapeutic agent for treating resistant, mutant, heterogenous OC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alok De
- Kansas City VA Medical Center and Midwest Veterans Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
| | - Archana De
- Kansas City VA Medical Center and Midwest Veterans Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
| | - Ramratan Sharma
- Kansas City VA Medical Center and Midwest Veterans Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
| | - William Suo
- Kansas City VA Medical Center and Midwest Veterans Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Kansas City VA Medical Center and Midwest Veterans Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim S, Lee M, Choi YK. The Role of a Neurovascular Signaling Pathway Involving Hypoxia-Inducible Factor and Notch in the Function of the Central Nervous System. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:45-57. [PMID: 31484285 PMCID: PMC6939687 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the neurovascular unit, the neuronal and vascular systems communicate with each other. O2 and nutrients, reaching endothelial cells (ECs) through the blood stream, spread into neighboring cells, such as neural stem cells, and neurons. The proper function of neural circuits in adults requires sufficient O2 and glucose for their metabolic demands through angiogenesis. In a central nervous system (CNS) injury, such as glioma, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease, damaged ECs can contribute to tissue hypoxia and to the consequent disruption of neuronal functions and accelerated neurodegeneration. This review discusses the current evidence regarding the contribution of oxygen deprivation to CNS injury, with an emphasis on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated pathways and Notch signaling. Additionally, it focuses on adult neurological functions and angiogenesis, as well as pathological conditions in the CNS. Furthermore, the functional interplay between HIFs and Notch is demonstrated in pathophysiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Choi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Feng X, Zhang J, Chen M, Huang E, Chen X. Iron regulatory protein 2 is a suppressor of mutant p53 in tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2019; 38:6256-6269. [PMID: 31332290 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
p53 is known to play a role in iron homeostasis and is required for FDXR-mediated iron metabolism via iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2). Interestingly, p53 is frequently mutated in tumors wherein iron is often accumulated, suggesting that mutant p53 may exert its gain of function by altering iron metabolism. In this study, we found that FDXR deficiency decreased mutant p53 expression along with altered iron metabolism in p53R270H/- MEFs and cancer cells carrying mutant p53. Consistently, we found that decreased expression of mutant p53 by FDXR deficiency inhibited mutant p53-R270H to induce carcinoma and high grade pleomorphic sarcoma in FDXR+/-; p53R270H/- mice as compared with p53R270H/- mice. Moreover, we found that like its effect on wild-type p53, loss of IRP2 increased mutant p53 expression. However, unlike its effect to suppress cell growth in cells carrying wild-type p53, loss of IRP2 promoted cell growth in cancer cells expressing mutant p53. Finally, we found that ectopic expression of IRP2 suppressed cell growth in a mutant p53-dependent manner. Together, our data indicate that mutant p53 gain-of-function can be suppressed by IRP2 and FDXR deficiency, both of which may be explored to target tumors carrying mutant p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Xiuli Feng
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Minyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Eric Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Notch signaling promotes a HIF2α-driven hypoxic response in multiple tumor cell types. Oncogene 2018; 37:6083-6095. [PMID: 29993038 PMCID: PMC6237764 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivation of Notch signaling and the cellular hypoxic response are frequently observed in cancers, with increasing reports of connections to tumor initiation and progression. The two signaling mechanisms are known to intersect, but while it is well established that hypoxia regulates Notch signaling, less is known about whether Notch can regulate the cellular hypoxic response. We now report that Notch signaling specifically controls expression of HIF2α, a key mediator of the cellular hypoxic response. Transcriptional upregulation of HIF2α by Notch under normoxic conditions leads to elevated HIF2α protein levels in primary breast cancer cells as well as in human breast cancer, medulloblastoma, and renal cell carcinoma cell lines. The elevated level of HIF2α protein was in certain tumor cell types accompanied by downregulation of HIF1α protein levels, indicating that high Notch signaling may drive a HIF1α-to-HIF2α switch. At the transcriptome level, the presence of HIF2α was required for approximately 21% of all Notch-induced genes: among the 1062 genes that were upregulated by Notch in medulloblastoma cells during normoxia, upregulation was abrogated in 227 genes when HIF2α expression was knocked down by HIF2α siRNA. In conclusion, our data show that Notch signaling affects the hypoxic response via regulation of HIF2α, which may be important for future cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Siebel C, Lendahl U. Notch Signaling in Development, Tissue Homeostasis, and Disease. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1235-1294. [PMID: 28794168 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 590] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily highly conserved signaling mechanism, but in contrast to signaling pathways such as Wnt, Sonic Hedgehog, and BMP/TGF-β, Notch signaling occurs via cell-cell communication, where transmembrane ligands on one cell activate transmembrane receptors on a juxtaposed cell. Originally discovered through mutations in Drosophila more than 100 yr ago, and with the first Notch gene cloned more than 30 yr ago, we are still gaining new insights into the broad effects of Notch signaling in organisms across the metazoan spectrum and its requirement for normal development of most organs in the body. In this review, we provide an overview of the Notch signaling mechanism at the molecular level and discuss how the pathway, which is architecturally quite simple, is able to engage in the control of cell fates in a broad variety of cell types. We discuss the current understanding of how Notch signaling can become derailed, either by direct mutations or by aberrant regulation, and the expanding spectrum of diseases and cancers that is a consequence of Notch dysregulation. Finally, we explore the emerging field of Notch in the control of tissue homeostasis, with examples from skin, liver, lung, intestine, and the vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Siebel
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc., DNA Way, South San Francisco, California; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc., DNA Way, South San Francisco, California; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Amelio I, Melino G. The p53 family and the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs): determinants of cancer progression. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:425-34. [PMID: 26032560 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HIFs have long been associated with resistance to therapy, metastasis, and poor survival rates in cancer patients. In parallel, although the tumor-suppressor p53 acts as the first barrier against tumor transformation, its inactivation also appears to be crucial for enabling cancer progression at advanced stages. p53 has been proposed to antagonize HIF, and emerging evidence suggests that the p53 siblings p63 and p73 also participate in this interplay. Crosstalk between HIFs and the p53 family acts as a determinant of cancer progression through regulating angiogenesis, the tumor microenvironment, dormancy, metastasis, and recurrence. We discuss the possible mechanisms underlying this regulation and the controversies in this field in an attempt to provide a unified view of current knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peng G, Liu Y. Hypoxia-inducible factors in cancer stem cells and inflammation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:374-83. [PMID: 25857287 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) mediate metabolic switches in cells in hypoxic environments, including those in both normal and malignant tissues with limited supplies of oxygen. Paradoxically, recent studies have shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) and activated immune effector cells exhibit high HIF activity in normoxic environments and that HIF activity is critical in the maintenance of CSCs as well as the differentiation and function of inflammatory cells. Given that inflammation and CSCs are two major barriers to effective cancer therapy, targeting HIF may provide a new approach to developing such treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gong Peng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou G, Wang J, Zhao M, Xie TX, Tanaka N, Sano D, Patel AA, Ward AM, Sandulache VC, Jasser SA, Skinner HD, Fitzgerald AL, Osman AA, Wei Y, Xia X, Songyang Z, Mills GB, Hung MC, Caulin C, Liang J, Myers JN. Gain-of-function mutant p53 promotes cell growth and cancer cell metabolism via inhibition of AMPK activation. Mol Cell 2014; 54:960-974. [PMID: 24857548 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many mutant p53 proteins (mutp53s) exert oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) properties, but the mechanisms mediating these functions remain poorly defined. We show here that GOF mutp53s inhibit AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in head and neck cancer cells. Conversely, downregulation of GOF mutp53s enhances AMPK activation under energy stress, decreasing the activity of the anabolic factors acetyl-CoA carboxylase and ribosomal protein S6 and inhibiting aerobic glycolytic potential and invasive cell growth. Under conditions of energy stress, GOF mutp53s, but not wild-type p53, preferentially bind to the AMPKα subunit and inhibit AMPK activation. Given the importance of AMPK as an energy sensor and tumor suppressor that inhibits anabolic metabolism, our findings reveal that direct inhibition of AMPK activation is an important mechanism through which mutp53s can gain oncogenic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jiping Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tong-Xin Xie
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Noriaki Tanaka
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ameeta A Patel
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexandra M Ward
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vlad C Sandulache
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samar A Jasser
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Heath D Skinner
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alison Lea Fitzgerald
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abdullah A Osman
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongkun Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuefeng Xia
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Diabetes Research, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhou Songyang
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduated Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Carlos Caulin
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiyong Liang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Development of lymphoproliferative diseases by hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha is associated with prolonged lymphocyte survival. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57833. [PMID: 23593116 PMCID: PMC3625215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1 alpha) plays an essential role in the regulation of various genes associated with low oxygen consumption. Elevated expression of HIF-1alpha has been reported to be associated with tumor progression, invasion and metastasis in many cancers. To investigate the role of HIF-1alpha in tumor development and metastasis, we established transgenic mice constitutively expressing HIF1A gene under regulation of the cytomegalovirus gene promoter. Although HIF-1alpha protein levels varied among organs, expression of HIF1A mRNA in most organs gradually increased in an age-dependent manner. The transgenic mice showed no gross morphological abnormality up to 8 weeks after birth, although they subsequently developed tumors in the lymphoid, lung, and breast; the most prominent tumor was lymphoma appearing in the intestinal mucosa and intra-mesenchymal tissues. The prevalence of tumors reached 80% in 13 months after birth. The constitution of lymphocyte populations in the transgenic mice did not differ from that in wild-type mice. However, lymphocytes of the transgenic mice revealed prolonged survival under long-term culture conditions and revealed increased resistance to cytotoxic etoposide. These results suggest that HIF-1alpha itself is not oncogenic but it may play an important role in lymphomagenesis mediated through the prolonged survival of lymphocytes in this transgenic mouse model.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hanel W, Marchenko N, Xu S, Yu SX, Weng W, Moll U. Two hot spot mutant p53 mouse models display differential gain of function in tumorigenesis. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:898-909. [PMID: 23538418 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant p53 proteins not only lose their tumor-suppressor function but some acquire oncogenic gain of function (GOF). The published mutp53 knock-in (KI) alleles (R172H, R270H, R248W) manifest GOF by broader tumor spectrum and more metastasis compared with the p53-null allele, but do not shorten survival. However, whether GOF also occurs with other mutations and whether they are all biologically equal is unknown. To answer this, we created novel humanized mutp53 KI mice harboring the hot spot alleles R248Q and G245S. Intriguingly, their impact was very different. Compared with p53-null mice, R248Q/- mice had accelerated onset of all tumor types and shorter survival, thus unprecedented strong GOF. In contrast, G245S/- mice were similar to null mice in tumor latency and survival. This was associated with a twofold higher T-lymphoma proliferation in R248Q/- mice compared with G245S/- and null mice. Moreover, R248Q/- hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells were expanded relative to G245S/- and null mice, the first indication that GOF also acts by perturbing pretumorous progenitor pools. Importantly, these models closely mirror Li-Fraumeni patients who show higher tumor numbers, accelerated onset and shorter tumor-free survival by 10.5 years when harboring codon R248Q mutations as compared with Li-Fraumeni patients with codon G245S mutations or p53 deletions/loss. Conversely, both KI alleles caused a modest broadening of tumor spectrum with enhanced Akt signaling compared with null mice. These models are the first in vivo proof for differential oncogenic strength among p53 GOF alleles, with genotype-phenotype correlations borne out in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Hanel
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
El Naggar A, Clarkson P, Zhang F, Mathers J, Tognon C, Sorensen PH. Expression and stability of hypoxia inducible factor 1α in osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59:1215-22. [PMID: 22544557 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia contributes to both physiological and pathological processes and its effects are mainly mediated through the transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and 2α (HIF1α and HIF2α). The purpose of this study was to examine the role of these proteins in osteosarcoma progression. PROCEDURES We developed a method to isolate primary human osteoblast cell lines. HIF1α and HIF2α expression were then compared in osteoblast and osteosarcoma cell lines under 21% oxygen (normoxia) and 1% oxygen (hypoxia). We also used hypoxia-responsive element (HRE)-driven reporter constructs in conjunction with siRNAs specific to HIF1α or HIF2α to determine the contribution of each protein to HRE-mediated transcription. Finally, we measured HIF1α expression in primary osteosarcoma tumors by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We found that mainly HIF1α transcript was significantly higher in osteosarcoma cell lines compared to normal osteoblasts under both normoxia and hypoxia. At the protein level, HIF1α was preferentially stabilized in osteosarcoma cell lines under both conditions. HIF1α expression was required for the observed increases in HRE activity. Finally, nuclear or nucleocytoplasmic HIF1α staining in osteosarcoma cases was associated with high-grade tumors. CONCLUSIONS These findings point to a role for HIF1α in osteosarcoma progression and suggest that the observed differences in HIF1α oxygen dependent degradation may play an important pathophysiological role in this disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1215-1222. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal El Naggar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Piña Y, Houston SK, Murray TG, Koru-Sengul T, Decatur C, Scott WK, Nathanson L, Clarke J, Lampidis TJ. Retinoblastoma treatment: impact of the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose on molecular genomics expression in LH(BETA)T(AG) retinal tumors. Clin Ophthalmol 2012; 6:817-30. [PMID: 22701083 PMCID: PMC3373226 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s29688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) on the spatial distribution of the genetic expression of key elements involved in angiogenesis, hypoxia, cellular metabolism, and apoptosis in LH(BETA)T(AG) retinal tumors. METHODS The right eye of each LH(BETA)T(AG) transgenic mouse (n = 24) was treated with either two or six subconjunctival injections of 2-DG (500 mg/kg) or saline control at 16 weeks of age. A gene expression array analysis was performed on five different intratumoral regions (apex, center, base, anterior-lateral, and posterior-lateral) using Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST arrays. To test for treatment effects of each probe within each region, a two-way analysis of variance was used. RESULTS Significant differences between treatment groups (ie, 0, 2, and 6 injections) were found as well as differences among the five retinal tumor regions evaluated (P < 0.01). More than 100 genes were observed to be dysregulated by ≥2-fold difference in expression between the three treatment groups, and their dysregulation varied across the five regions assayed. Several genes involved in pathways important for tumor cell growth (ie, angiogenesis, hypoxia, cellular metabolism, and apoptosis) were identified. CONCLUSIONS 2-DG was found to significantly alter the gene expression in LH(BETA)T(AG) retinal tumor cells according to their location within the tumor as well as the treatment schedule. 2-DG's effects on genetic expression found here correlate with previous reported results on varied processes involved in its in vitro and in vivo activity in inhibiting tumor cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Piña
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Skuli N, Majmundar AJ, Krock BL, Mesquita RC, Mathew LK, Quinn ZL, Runge A, Liu L, Kim MN, Liang J, Schenkel S, Yodh AG, Keith B, Simon MC. Endothelial HIF-2α regulates murine pathological angiogenesis and revascularization processes. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:1427-43. [PMID: 22426208 PMCID: PMC3314446 DOI: 10.1172/jci57322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized tissue hypoxia is a consequence of vascular compromise or rapid cellular proliferation and is a potent inducer of compensatory angiogenesis. The oxygen-responsive transcriptional regulator hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) is highly expressed in vascular ECs and, along with HIF-1α, activates expression of target genes whose products modulate vascular functions and angiogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which HIF-2α regulates EC function and tissue perfusion under physiological and pathological conditions are poorly understood. Using mice in which Hif2a was specifically deleted in ECs, we demonstrate here that HIF-2α expression is required for angiogenic responses during hindlimb ischemia and for the growth of autochthonous skin tumors. EC-specific Hif2a deletion resulted in increased vessel formation in both models; however, these vessels failed to undergo proper arteriogenesis, resulting in poor perfusion. Analysis of cultured HIF-2α-deficient ECs revealed cell-autonomous increases in migration, invasion, and morphogenetic activity, which correlated with HIF-2α-dependent expression of specific angiogenic factors, including delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4), a Notch ligand, and angiopoietin 2. By stimulating Dll4 signaling in cultured ECs or restoring Dll4 expression in ischemic muscle tissue, we rescued most of the HIF-2α-dependent EC phenotypes in vitro and in vivo, emphasizing the critical role of Dll4/Notch signaling as a downstream target of HIF-2α in ECs. These results indicate that HIF-1α and HIF-2α fulfill complementary, but largely nonoverlapping, essential functions in pathophysiological angiogenesis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Angiopoietin-2/genetics
- Angiopoietin-2/physiology
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/physiology
- Calcium-Binding Proteins
- Cell Hypoxia
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured/cytology
- Collateral Circulation/physiology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Hindlimb/blood supply
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/deficiency
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/physiology
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/physiology
- Ischemia/physiopathology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology
- Receptors, Notch/physiology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Recovery of Function
- Skin Neoplasms/blood supply
- Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Wound Healing/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Skuli
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute,
School of Medicine,
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amar J. Majmundar
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute,
School of Medicine,
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bryan L. Krock
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute,
School of Medicine,
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rickson C. Mesquita
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute,
School of Medicine,
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lijoy K. Mathew
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute,
School of Medicine,
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zachary L. Quinn
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute,
School of Medicine,
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anja Runge
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute,
School of Medicine,
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Liping Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute,
School of Medicine,
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meeri N. Kim
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute,
School of Medicine,
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jiaming Liang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute,
School of Medicine,
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven Schenkel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute,
School of Medicine,
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arjun G. Yodh
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute,
School of Medicine,
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Keith
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute,
School of Medicine,
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M. Celeste Simon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute,
School of Medicine,
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee KE, Simon MC. From stem cells to cancer stem cells: HIF takes the stage. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2012; 24:232-5. [PMID: 22296771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a condition of insufficient oxygen availability, occurs during normal development as well as tumorigenesis. Cellular responses to hypoxia are primarily mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Recent studies have revealed that dormant hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside within hypoxic regions of the bone marrow and that HIF is a critical player in HSC homeostasis. The functional significance of HIF in maintaining stemness also applies to cancer stem cells in hematological malignancies. These findings indicate that better understanding of the mechanisms underlying HIF functions in stem cells should permit the development of new therapies for tissue regeneration and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Eun Lee
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Majmundar AJ, Skuli N, Mesquita RC, Kim MN, Yodh AG, Nguyen-McCarty M, Simon MC. O(2) regulates skeletal muscle progenitor differentiation through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:36-49. [PMID: 22006022 PMCID: PMC3255700 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.05857-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem/progenitor cells, which give rise to terminally differentiated muscle, represent potential therapies for skeletal muscle diseases. Delineating the factors regulating these precursors will facilitate their reliable application in human muscle repair. During embryonic development and adult regeneration, skeletal muscle progenitors reside in low-O(2) environments before local blood vessels and differentiated muscle form. Prior studies established that low O(2) levels (hypoxia) maintained muscle progenitors in an undifferentiated state in vitro, although it remained unclear if progenitor differentiation was coordinated with O(2) availability in vivo. In addition, the molecular signals linking O(2) to progenitor differentiation are incompletely understood. Here we show that the muscle differentiation program is repressed by hypoxia in vitro and ischemia in vivo. Surprisingly, hypoxia can significantly impair differentiation in the absence of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the primary developmental effectors of O(2). In order to maintain the undifferentiated state, low O(2) levels block the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway in a predominantly HIF1α-independent fashion. O(2) deprivation affects AKT activity by reducing insulin-like growth factor I receptor sensitivity to growth factors. We conclude that AKT represents a key molecular link between O(2) and skeletal muscle differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amar J. Majmundar
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - Nicolas Skuli
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - Rickson C. Mesquita
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meeri N. Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arjun G. Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - M. Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are broadly expressed in human cancers, and HIF1α and HIF2α were previously suspected to promote tumour progression through largely overlapping functions. However, this relatively simple model has now been challenged in light of recent data from various approaches that reveal unique and sometimes opposing activities of these HIFα isoforms in both normal physiology and disease. These effects are mediated in part through the regulation of unique target genes, as well as through direct and indirect interactions with important oncoproteins and tumour suppressors, including MYC and p53. As HIF inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical evaluation as cancer therapeutics, a more thorough understanding of the unique roles performed by HIF1α and HIF2α in human neoplasia is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Keith
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Randall S. Johnson
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - M. Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Corresponding author: M. Celeste Simon, Ph.D., Scientific Director and Investigator, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Professor, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 456 BRB 111111, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, Tel: 215-746-5532, Fax: 215-746-5511,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Andersson ER, Sandberg R, Lendahl U. Notch signaling: simplicity in design, versatility in function. Development 2011; 138:3593-612. [PMID: 21828089 DOI: 10.1242/dev.063610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 698] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is evolutionarily conserved and operates in many cell types and at various stages during development. Notch signaling must therefore be able to generate appropriate signaling outputs in a variety of cellular contexts. This need for versatility in Notch signaling is in apparent contrast to the simple molecular design of the core pathway. Here, we review recent studies in nematodes, Drosophila and vertebrate systems that begin to shed light on how versatility in Notch signaling output is generated, how signal strength is modulated, and how cross-talk between the Notch pathway and other intracellular signaling systems, such as the Wnt, hypoxia and BMP pathways, contributes to signaling diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xing F, Okuda H, Watabe M, Kobayashi A, Pai SK, Liu W, Pandey PR, Fukuda K, Hirota S, Sugai T, Wakabayshi G, Koeda K, Kashiwaba M, Suzuki K, Chiba T, Endo M, Mo YY, Watabe K. Hypoxia-induced Jagged2 promotes breast cancer metastasis and self-renewal of cancer stem-like cells. Oncogene 2011; 30:4075-86. [PMID: 21499308 PMCID: PMC3145824 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling is often and aberrantly activated by hypoxia during tumor progression; however, the exact pathological role of hypoxia-induced Notch signaling in tumor metastasis is as yet poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to define the mechanism of Notch-ligand activation by hypoxia in both primary tumor and bone stromal cells in the metastatic niche and to clarify their roles in tumor progression. We have analyzed the expression profiles of various Notch ligands in 779 breast cancer patients in GEO database and found that the expression of Jagged2 among all five ligands is most significantly correlated with the overall- and metastasis-free survival of breast cancer patients. The results of our immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis for Jagged2 in 61 clinical samples also revealed that both Jagged2 and Notch signaling were strongly upregulated at the hypoxic invasive front. Activation of Jagged2 by hypoxia in tumor cells induced EMT and also promoted cell survival in vitro. Notably, a γ-secretase inhibitor significantly blocked Notch-mediated invasion and survival under hypoxia by promoting expression of E-cadherin and inhibiting Akt phosphorylation. Importantly, Jagged2 was also found to be upregulated in bone marrow stroma under hypoxia and promoted the growth of cancer stem-like cells by activating their Notch signaling. Therefore, hypoxia-induced Jagged2 activation in both tumor invasive front and normal bone stroma has a critical role in tumor progression and metastasis, and Jagged2 is considered to be a valuable prognostic marker and may serve as a novel therapeutic target for metastatic breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xing
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Hiroshi Okuda
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Misako Watabe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Aya Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Sudha K. Pai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Puspa R. Pandey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Koji Fukuda
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Masaki Endo
- Iwate Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yin-Yuan Mo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
- Corresponding author: Kounosuke Watabe, Ph.D., Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge St., P.O. Box 19626, Springfield, Illinois 62794-9626. Tel: (217) 545-3969, Fax: (217) 545-3227,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang J, Su F, Smilenov LB, Zhou L, Hu W, Ding N, Zhou G. Mechanisms of increased risk of tumorigenesis in Atm and Brca1 double heterozygosity. Radiat Oncol 2011; 6:96. [PMID: 21849032 PMCID: PMC3169458 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-6-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that heterozygosity for a single gene is linked with tumorigenesis and heterozygosity for two genes increases the risk of tumor incidence. Our previous work has demonstrated that Atm/Brca1 double heterozygosity leads to higher cell transformation rate than single heterozygosity. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood yet. In the present study, a series of pathways were investigated to clarify the possible mechanisms of increased risk of tumorigenesis in Atm and Brca1 heterozygosity. METHODS Wild type cells, Atm or Brca1 single heterozygous cells, and Atm/Brca1 double heterozygous cells were used to investigate DNA damage and repair, cell cycle, micronuclei, and cell transformation after photon irradiation. RESULTS Remarkable high transformation frequency was confirmed in Atm/Brca1 double heterozygous cells compared to wild type cells. It was observed that delayed DNA damage recognition, disturbed cell cycle checkpoint, incomplete DNA repair, and increased genomic instability were involved in the biological networks. Haploinsufficiency of either ATM or BRCA1 negatively impacts these pathways. CONCLUSIONS The quantity of critical proteins such as ATM and BRCA1 plays an important role in determination of the fate of cells exposed to ionizing radiation and double heterozygosity increases the risk of tumorigenesis. These findings also benefit understanding of the individual susceptibility to tumor initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P R China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Coulon C, Georgiadou M, Roncal C, De Bock K, Langenberg T, Carmeliet P. From vessel sprouting to normalization: role of the prolyl hydroxylase domain protein/hypoxia-inducible factor oxygen-sensing machinery. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:2331-6. [PMID: 20966400 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.214106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The accepted model of vessel branching distinguishes several endothelial cell fates. At the forefront of a vessel sprout, "tip cells" guide the sprouting vessel toward an angiogenic stimulus. Behind the tip, "stalk cells" proliferate to elongate the vessel branch and create a lumen. In mature vessels, endothelial cells acquire a streamlined shape to optimally conduct blood flow. For this purpose, endothelial cells switch to the "phalanx" cell fate, which is characterized by quiescent and nonproliferating cells aligned in a tight cobblestonelike layer. Vessel maturation also requires the recruitment of mural cells (ie, smooth muscle cells and pericytes). These cell fates are often altered in pathological conditions, most prominently during the formation of tumor vasculature. Given the essential role of hypoxia as the driving force for initiating angiogenesis, it is not surprising that the hypoxia-sensing machinery controls key steps in physiological and pathological angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Coulon
- Vesalius Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Main H, Lee KL, Yang H, Haapa-Paananen S, Edgren H, Jin S, Sahlgren C, Kallioniemi O, Poellinger L, Lim B, Lendahl U. Interactions between Notch- and hypoxia-induced transcriptomes in embryonic stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:1610-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
25
|
Semenza GL. Defining the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in cancer biology and therapeutics. Oncogene 2010; 29:625-34. [PMID: 19946328 PMCID: PMC2969168 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1310] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation of cancer cells to their microenvironment is an important driving force in the clonal selection that leads to invasive and metastatic disease. O2 concentrations are markedly reduced in many human cancers compared with normal tissue, and a major mechanism mediating adaptive responses to reduced O2 availability (hypoxia) is the regulation of transcription by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms by which HIF-1 contributes to cancer progression, focusing on (1) clinical data associating increased HIF-1 levels with patient mortality; (2) preclinical data linking HIF-1 activity with tumor growth; (3) molecular data linking specific HIF-1 target gene products to critical aspects of cancer biology and (4) pharmacological data showing anticancer effects of HIF-1 inhibitors in mouse models of human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G L Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Induction of ectopic Myc target gene JAG2 augments hypoxic growth and tumorigenesis in a human B-cell model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:3534-9. [PMID: 20133585 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0901230107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic Myc expression plays a key role in human tumorigenesis, and Myc dose-dependent tumorigenesis has been well established in transgenic mice, but the Myc target genes that are dependent on Myc levels have not been well characterized. In this regard, we used the human P493-6 B cells, which have a preneoplastic state dependent on the Epstein-Barr viral EBNA2 protein and a neoplastic state with ectopic inducible Myc, to identify putative ectopic Myc target genes. Among the ectopic targets, JAG2 that encodes a Notch receptor ligand Jagged2, was directly induced by Myc. Inhibition of Notch signaling through RNAi targeting JAG2 or the gamma-secretase Notch inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-(S)-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) preferentially inhibited the neoplastic state in vitro. Furthermore, P493-6 tumorigenesis was inhibited by DAPT in vivo. Ectopic expression of JAG2 did not enhance aerobic cell proliferation, but increased proliferation of hypoxic cells in vitro and significantly increased in vivo tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the expression of Jagged2 in P493-6 tumors often overlapped with regions of hypoxia. These observations suggest that Notch signaling downstream of Myc enables cells to adapt in the tumor hypoxic microenvironment.
Collapse
|
27
|
Generating specificity and diversity in the transcriptional response to hypoxia. Nat Rev Genet 2009; 10:821-32. [PMID: 19884889 DOI: 10.1038/nrg2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The sensing of oxygen levels and maintenance of oxygen homeostasis is crucial for cells. The hypoxic-sensitive regulation of gene expression allows information about the oxygen status to be converted into appropriate cellular responses. Although there is a core transcriptional pathway, the signalling cascade can be modified to allow diversity and specificity in the transcriptional output. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms and factors that contribute to the observed diversity and specificity. A deeper knowledge about how hypoxic signalling is tuned will further our understanding of the cellular hypoxic response in normal physiology and how it becomes derailed in disease.
Collapse
|
28
|
Mazumdar J, Dondeti V, Simon MC. Hypoxia-inducible factors in stem cells and cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:4319-28. [PMID: 19900215 PMCID: PMC2874971 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular properties are influenced by complex factors inherent to their microenvironments. While oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) occurs in tumours because of rapid cell proliferation and aberrant blood vessel formation, embryonic cells develop in a naturally occurring hypoxic environment. Cells respond to hypoxia by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which are traditionally viewed to function by altering cellular metabolism and blood vessel architecture. Recently, HIFs have been shown to modulate specific stem cell effectors, such as Notch, Wnt and Oct4 that control stem cell proliferation, differentiation and pluripotency. Direct molecular links have also been established between HIFs and critical cell signalling pathways such as cMyc and p53. These novel links suggest a new role for HIFs in stem cell and tumour regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolly Mazumdar
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vijay Dondeti
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|