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Yao Y, Fan D. Advances in MUC1 resistance to chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer. J Chemother 2023:1-8. [PMID: 38006297 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2282839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC), a highly fatal malignancy, is increasing every year. Chemotherapy is an important treatment for it in addition to surgery, yet most patients become resistant to chemotherapeutic agents within a few weeks of treatment initiation. MUC1 is a highly glycosylated transmembrane protein, and studies have shown that aberrantly glycosylated overexpression of MUC1 is involved in regulating the biology of chemoresistance in cancer cells. This article summarizes the mechanism of MUC1 in PC chemoresistance and reviews MUC1-based targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhao Yao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, PR China
- Surgery Department, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Daguang Fan
- Surgery Department, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, PR China
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2
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Atwell B, Chalasani P, Schroeder J. Nuclear epidermal growth factor receptor as a therapeutic target. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:616-629. [PMID: 37720348 PMCID: PMC10501894 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most well-studied oncogenes with roles in proliferation, growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. This intense study has led to the development of a range of targeted therapeutics including small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), monoclonal antibodies, and nanobodies. These drugs are excellent at blocking the activation and kinase function of wild-type EGFR (wtEGFR) and several common EGFR mutants. These drugs have significantly improved outcomes for patients with cancers including head and neck, glioblastoma, colorectal, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, therapeutic resistance is often seen, resulting from acquired mutations or activation of compensatory signaling pathways. Additionally, these therapies are ineffective in tumors where EGFR is found predominantly in the nucleus, as can be found in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In TNBC, EGFR is subjected to alternative trafficking which drives the nuclear localization of the receptor. In the nucleus, EGFR interacts with several proteins to activate transcription, DNA repair, migration, and chemoresistance. Nuclear EGFR (nEGFR) correlates with metastatic disease and worse patient prognosis yet targeting its nuclear localization has proved difficult. This review provides an overview of current EGFR-targeted therapies and novel peptide-based therapies that block nEGFR, as well as their clinical applications and potential for use in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Atwell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Pavani Chalasani
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Joyce Schroeder
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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3
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Behl A, Solanki S, Paswan SK, Datta TK, Saini AK, Saini RV, Parmar VS, Thakur VK, Malhotra S, Chhillar AK. Biodegradable PEG-PCL Nanoparticles for Co-delivery of MUC1 Inhibitor and Doxorubicin for the Confinement of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2022; 31:999-1018. [PMID: 36405816 PMCID: PMC9651876 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-022-02654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Combating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still a problem, despite the development of numerous drug delivery approaches. Mucin1 (MUC1), a glycoprotein linked to chemo-resistance and progressive malignancy, is unregulated in TNBC. GO-201, a MUC1 peptide inhibitor that impairs MUC1 activity, promotes necrotic cell death by binding to the MUC1-C unit. The current study deals with the synthesis and development of a novel nano-formulation (DM-PEG-PCL NPs) comprising of polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (PEG-PCL) polymer loaded with MUC1 inhibitor and an effective anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX). The DOX and MUC1 loaded nanoparticles were fully characterized, and their different physicochemical properties, viz. size, shape, surface charge, entrapment efficiencies, release behavior, etc., were determined. With IC50 values of 5.8 and 2.4 nm on breast cancer cell lines, accordingly, and a combination index (CI) of < 1.0, DM-PEG-PCL NPs displayed enhanced toxicity towards breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) than DOX-PEG-PCL and MUC1i-PEG-PCL nanoparticles. Fluorescence microscopy analysis revealed DOX localization in the nucleus and MUC1 inhibitor in the mitochondria. Further, DM-PEG-PCL NPs treated breast cancer cells showed increased mitochondrial damage with enhancement in caspase-3 expression and reduction in Bcl-2 expression.In vivo evaluation using Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma bearing mice explicitly stated that DM-PEG-PCL NPs therapy minimized tumor growth relative to control treatment. Further, acute toxicity studies did not reveal any adverse effects on organs and their functions, as no mortalities were observed. The current research reports for the first time the synergistic approach of combination entrapment of a clinical chemotherapeutic (DOX) and an anticancer peptide (MUC1 inhibitor) encased in a diblock PEG-PCL copolymer. Incorporating both DOX and MUC1 inhibitors in PEG-PCL NPs in the designed nanoformulation has provided chances and insights for treating triple-negative breast tumors. Our controlled delivery technology is biodegradable, non-toxic, and anti-multidrug-resistant. In addition, this tailored smart nanoformulation has been particularly effective in the therapy of triple-negative breast cancer. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10924-022-02654-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Behl
- Centre for Biotechnology, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana 124 001 India
| | - Subhash Solanki
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132 001 India
| | - Shravan K. Paswan
- Pharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001 India
| | - Tirtha K. Datta
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132 001 India
| | - Adesh K. Saini
- Central Research Cell and Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133 207 India
| | - Reena V. Saini
- Central Research Cell and Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133 207 India
| | - Virinder S. Parmar
- Nanoscience Department, CUNY Graduate Center and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, City College, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031 USA
- Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201 303 India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG UK
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
- Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413 India
| | | | - Anil K. Chhillar
- Centre for Biotechnology, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana 124 001 India
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4
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The oncoprotein MUC1 facilitates breast cancer progression by promoting Pink1-dependent mitophagy via ATAD3A destabilization. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:899. [PMID: 36289190 PMCID: PMC9606306 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a vital process that controls mitochondria quality, dysregulation of which can promote cancer. Oncoprotein mucin 1 (MUC1) targets mitochondria to attenuate drug-induced apoptosis. However, little is known about whether and how MUC1 contributes to mitochondrial homeostasis in cancer cells. We identified a novel role of MUC1 in promoting mitophagy. Increased mitophagy is coupled with the translocation of MUC1 to mitochondria, where MUC1 interacts with and induces degradation of ATPase family AAA domain-containing 3A (ATAD3A), resulting in protection of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (Pink1) from ATAD3A-mediated cleavage. Interestingly, MUC1-induced mitophagy is associated with increased oncogenicity of cancer cells. Similarly, inhibition of mitophagy significantly suppresses MUC1-induced cancer cell activity in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, MUC1 and ATAD3A protein levels present an inverse relationship in tumor tissues of breast cancer patients. Our data validate that MUC1/ATAD3A/Pink1 axis-mediated mitophagy constitutes a novel mechanism for maintaining the malignancy of cancer cells, providing a novel therapeutic approach for MUC1-positive cancers.
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5
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Riley NM, Wen RM, Bertozzi CR, Brooks JD, Pitteri SJ. Measuring the multifaceted roles of mucin-domain glycoproteins in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 157:83-121. [PMID: 36725114 PMCID: PMC10582998 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-domain glycoproteins are highly O-glycosylated cell surface and secreted proteins that serve as both biochemical and biophysical modulators. Aberrant expression and glycosylation of mucins are known hallmarks in numerous malignancies, yet mucin-domain glycoproteins remain enigmatic in the broad landscape of cancer glycobiology. Here we review the multifaceted roles of mucins in cancer through the lens of the analytical and biochemical methods used to study them. We also describe a collection of emerging tools that are specifically equipped to characterize mucin-domain glycoproteins in complex biological backgrounds. These approaches are poised to further elucidate how mucin biology can be understood and subsequently targeted for the next generation of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Riley
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
| | - Ru M Wen
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - James D Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
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6
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Li Z, Yang D, Guo T, Lin M. Advances in MUC1-Mediated Breast Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070952. [PMID: 35883508 PMCID: PMC9313386 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BRCA) is the leading cause of death from malignant tumors among women. Fortunately, however, immunotherapy has recently become a prospective BRCA treatment with encouraging achievements and mild safety profiles. Since the overexpression and aberrant glycosylation of MUC1 (human mucin) are closely associated with BRCA, it has become an ideal target for BRCA immunotherapies. In this review, the structure and function of MUC1 are briefly introduced, and the main research achievements in different kinds of MUC1-mediated BRCA immunotherapy are highlighted, from the laboratory to the clinic. Afterward, the future directions of MUC1-mediated BRCA immunotherapy are predicted, addressing, for example, urgent issues in regard to how efficient immunotherapeutic strategies can be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Li
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Z.L.); (D.Y.)
| | - Dazhuang Yang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Z.L.); (D.Y.)
| | - Ting Guo
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Taizhou People’s Hospital (Affiliated Hospital 5 of Nantong University), Taizhou 225300, China;
| | - Mei Lin
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Taizhou People’s Hospital (Affiliated Hospital 5 of Nantong University), Taizhou 225300, China;
- Correspondence:
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7
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Behl A, Sarwalia P, Kumar S, Behera C, Mintoo MJ, Datta TK, Gupta PN, Chhillar AK. Codelivery of Gemcitabine and MUC1 Inhibitor Using PEG-PCL Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2429-2440. [PMID: 35639628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In breast cancer therapy, Gemcitabine (Gem) is an antineoplastic antimetabolite with greater anticancer efficacy and tolerability. However, effectiveness of Gem is limited by its off-target effects. The synergistic potential of MUC1 (mucin 1) inhibitors and Gem-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) was discussed in this work in order to reduce dose-related toxicities and enhance the therapeutic efficacy. The double emulsion solvent evaporation method was used to prepare poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-block-poly-caprolactone (PEG-PCL)-loaded Gem and MUC 1 inhibitor NPs. The average size of Gem and MUC 1 inhibitor-loaded NPs was 128 nm, with a spherical shape. Twin-loaded NPs containing Gem and the MUC1 inhibitor decreased IC50 and behaved synergistically. Furthermore, in vitro mechanistic studies, that is, loss of MMP, clonogenic assay, Annexin V FITC assay, and Western blotting to confirm apoptosis with simultaneous induction of autophagy using acridine orange (AO) staining were performed in this study. Furthermore, the investigated NPs upon combination exhibited greater loss of MMP and decreased clonogenic potential with simultaneous induction of autophagy in MCF-7 cells. Annexin V FITC clearly showed the percentage of apoptosis while Western blotting protein expression analysis revealed an increase in caspase-3 activity with simultaneous decrease in Bcl-2 protein expression, a hallmark of apoptosis. The effectiveness of the Ehrlich ascites solid (EAT) mice treated with Gem-MUC1 inhibitor NPs was higher than that of the animals treated alone. Overall, the combined administration of Gem and MUC1 inhibitor-loaded NPs was found to be more efficacious than Gem and MUC1 inhibitor delivered separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Behl
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124 001, India
| | - Parul Sarwalia
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Chittaranjan Behera
- PK-PD Tox and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Mubashir Javed Mintoo
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Tirtha Kumar Datta
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- PK-PD Tox and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Anil K Chhillar
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124 001, India
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8
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Wolber P, Mayer M, Nachtsheim L, Prinz J, Klußmann JP, Quaas A, Arolt C. Expression of Mucins in Different Entities of Salivary Gland Cancer: Highest Expression of Mucin-1 in Salivary Duct Carcinoma : Mucin-1 - highest expression in Salivary Duct Carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol 2022; 16:792-801. [PMID: 35389164 PMCID: PMC9424401 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic options for advanced salivary gland cancer (SGC) are rare. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to investigate the extent and intensity of Mucin-1 (MUC1), Mucin-16 (MUC16), and Mucin-5AC (MUC5AC) as potential molecular targets using immunohistochemistry. The medical records of all patients who underwent primary surgery for salivary gland cancer with curative intent in a tertiary referral center between 1990 and 2018 were reviewed. Immunohistochemical staining for MUC1, MUC16, and MUC5AC was performed for all patients with sufficient formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material, and a semi-quantitative combined score derived from the H-score for the cytoplasmatic, the membranous and the apical membrane was built for the most common entities of SGC. 107 patients with malignancies of the parotid (89.7%) and the submandibular gland (10.3%) were included. The most common entities were mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MuEp; n = 23), adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCy; n = 22), and salivary duct carcinoma (SaDu; n = 21). The highest mean MUC1 combined score was found in SaDu with 223.6 (±91.7). The highest mean MUC16 combined score was found in MuEp with 177.0 (±110.0). The mean MUC5AC score was low across all entities. A higher MUC1 combined score was significantly associated with male gender (p = 0.03), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.045), and extracapsular extension (p = 0.03). SaDu patients with MUC16 expression showed a significantly worse 5-year progression-free survival than those without MUC16 expression (p = 0.02). This is the first study to give a comprehensive overview of the expression of MUC1, MUC16, and MUC5AC in SGC. Since advanced SGCs lack therapeutic options in many cases, these results warrant in vitro research on therapeutic targets against MUC1 in SaDu cell lines and xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Wolber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M. Mayer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - L. Nachtsheim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J. Prinz
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J. P. Klußmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A. Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C. Arolt
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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9
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Hosseinzadeh A, Merikhian P, Naseri N, Eisavand MR, Farahmand L. MUC1 is a potential target to overcome trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:110. [PMID: 35248049 PMCID: PMC8897942 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although resistance is its major obstacle in cancer therapy, trastuzumab is the most successful agent in treating epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2 +) breast cancer (BC). Some patients show resistance to trastuzumab, and scientists want to circumvent this problem. This review elaborately discusses possible resistance mechanisms to trastuzumab and introduces mucin 1 (MUC1) as a potential target efficient for overcoming such resistance. MUC1 belongs to the mucin family, playing the oncogenic/mitogenic roles in cancer cells and interacting with several other oncogenic receptors and pathways, such as HER2, β-catenin, NF-κB, and estrogen receptor (ERα). Besides, it has been established that MUC1- Cytoplasmic Domain (MUC1-CD) accelerates the development of resistance to trastuzumab and that silencing MUC1-C proto-oncogene is associated with increased sensitivity of HER2+ cells to trastuzumab-induced growth inhibitors. We mention why targeting MUC1 can be useful in overcoming trastuzumab resistance in cancer therapy.
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10
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Zhao YQ, Wu T, Wang LF, Yin B, Shi M, Jiang B, Gong-Sun X, Song XM, Liu XY. Targeting MUC1-C reverses the cisplatin resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:645-655. [PMID: 35116398 PMCID: PMC8799139 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is limited by drug resistance during. This severely compromises the long-term survival rate of patients. Therefore, reversing chemotherapy resistance in ESCC may improve the therapeutic outcome. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism of MUC1-C, the C-terminal transmembrane subunit of MUC1 (a transmembrane heterodimer protein), and its role in the reversal of cisplatin sensitivity in ESCC cells. METHODS We assessed the efficacy of GO-203, a cell-penetrating peptide, as a chemotherapeutic target of MUC1-C using cell proliferation, colony-forming, and transwell assays. Apoptosis was analyzed in GO-203-treated cells by flow cytometry. Tumor xenograft assay was performed in nude mice to corroborate our in vitro findings. RESULTS GO-203 treatment inhibited cell proliferation and restrained the migration and invasion of cisplatin-resistant ESCC. Moreover, targeting MUC1 resulted in enhanced apoptosis in GO-203-treated cells. These in vitro pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of GO-203 in combination with cisplatin were validated by in vivo models. Significantly smaller tumor volumes were observed in ESCCs-xenografted nude mice treated with GO-203 in combination with cisplatin compared with mice treated with monotherapy or their control counterparts. We found that blocking MUC1-C with GO-203 significantly reversed the cisplatin resistance in ESCC via modulating Akt and ERK pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that GO-203 may hold potential as an ancillary therapeutic molecule and a chemosensitizer to improve the outcomes of cisplatin-based chemotherapy especially in patients with cisplatin-resistant ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Imaging Department, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Yin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Mo Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Gong-Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue-Min Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang-Yan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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11
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Park JA, Park S, Park HB, Han MK, Lee Y. MUC1-C Contributes to the Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Promotes Somatic Cell Reprogramming. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:1082-1091. [PMID: 34514853 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed in several cancer cells in which it regulates cell surface properties, tumor invasion, and cell death. Recently, we reported that MUC1-C, the C-terminal subunit of MUC1, is involved in the growth of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. However, the functional significance of MUC1-C in human ES cells remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of MUC1-C in human ES cells. Based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and confocal microscopy following immunostaining, undifferentiated human ES cells expressed MUC1-C and the expression level decreased during differentiation. Inhibition of MUC1-C, by the peptide inhibitor GO201 that targets the cytoplasmic domain of MUC1-C (MUC1-CD), reduced cell proliferation and OCT4 protein expression, and promoted cell death. Moreover, the inhibition of MUC1-C increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and downregulated expression of glycolysis-related enzymes. These findings indicate that expression and function of MUC1-C are required for stem cell properties involved in cell proliferation, maintenance of pluripotency and optimal ROS levels, and a high glycolytic flux in human ES cells. In addition, forced overexpression of MUC1-CD increased the efficiency of reprogramming from fibroblast cells to induced pluripotent stem cells, suggesting that MUC1-C expression can contribute to the reprogramming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-A Park
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Bum Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Kwan Han
- Department of Microbiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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12
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Kim D, Maharjan S, Kim J, Park S, Park JA, Park BK, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. MUC1-C influences cell survival in lung adenocarcinoma Calu-3 cells after SARS-CoV-2 infection. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 33832550 PMCID: PMC8411043 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.8.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and may increase the risk of adverse outcomes in lung cancer patients. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of mucin 1 (MUC1) after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung epithelial cancer cell line Calu-3. MUC1 is a major constituent of the mucus layer in the respiratory tract and contributes to pathogen defense. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced MUC1 C-terminal subunit (MUC1-C) expression in a STAT3 activation-dependent manner. Inhibition of MUC1-C signaling increased apoptosis-related protein levels and reduced proliferation-related protein levels; however, SARS-CoV-2 replication was not affected. Together, these results suggest that increased MUC1-C expression in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection may trigger the growth of lung cancer cells, and COVID-19 may be a risk factor for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbum Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Sony Maharjan
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jeong-A Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Park
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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13
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Kufe DW. MUC1-C in chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis; emergence as a target for cancer treatment. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1173-1183. [PMID: 32710608 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a highly prevalent consequence of changes in environmental and lifestyle factors that contribute to the development of cancer. The basis for this critical association has largely remained unclear. The MUC1 gene evolved in mammals to protect epithelia from the external environment. The MUC1-C subunit promotes responses found in wound healing and cancer. MUC1-C induces EMT, epigenetic reprogramming, dedifferentiation and pluripotency factor expression, which when prolonged in chronic inflammation promote cancer progression. As discussed in this review, MUC1-C also drives drug resistance and immune evasion, and is an important target for cancer therapeutics now under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald W Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Almasmoum H. The Roles of Transmembrane Mucins Located on Chromosome 7q22.1 in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:3271-3280. [PMID: 33883940 PMCID: PMC8053700 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s299089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancers. It is associated with a poor prognosis and high mortality. The role of mucins (MUCs) in colon tumorigenesis is unclear, but it might be significant in the progression of malignancy. Some mucins, such as MUC1 and MUC13, act as oncogenes, whereas others, such as MUC2 and MUC6, are tumor suppressors. However, there are still mucins with unidentified roles in CRC. In this review, we discuss the reported roles of mucins in CRC. Moreover, we review the capability of the mucin family to serve as a sensitive and specific histopathological marker for the early diagnosis of CRC. Lastly, the role of mucin genes clustered on chromosome 7q22 in CRC and other cancers is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a large, transmembrane mucin glycoprotein overexpressed in most adenocarcinomas and plays an important role in tumor progression. Regarding its cellular distribution, biochemical features, and function, tumor-related MUC1 varies from the MUC1 expressed in normal cells. Therefore, targeting MUC1 for cancer immunotherapy and imaging can exploit the difference between cancerous and normal cells. Radiopharmaceuticals have a potential use as carriers for the delivery of radionuclides to tumors for a diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy. Several radiolabeled targeting molecules like peptides, antibodies, and aptamers have been efficiently demonstrated in detecting and treating cancer by targeting MUC1. This review provides a brief overview of the current status of developments and applications of MUC1-targeted radiopharmaceuticals in cancer imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Maleki
- Research Center of oils and fats, Food and Drug Administration, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rezazadeh
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Kambiz Varmira
- Research Center of oils and fats, Food and Drug Administration, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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16
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Park BK, Kim J, Park S, Kim D, Kim M, Baek K, Bae JY, Park MS, Kim WK, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 replication can be inhibited by targeting the interaction between the viral spike protein and the nucleocapsid protein. Theranostics 2021; 11:3853-3867. [PMID: 33664866 PMCID: PMC7914343 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The molecular interactions between viral proteins form the basis of virus production and can be used to develop strategies against virus infection. The interactions of the envelope proteins and the viral RNA-binding nucleocapsid (N) protein are essential for the assembly of coronaviruses including the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Methods: Using co-immunoprecipitation, immunostaining, and proteomics analysis, we identified a protein interacting with the spike (S) protein in the cells infected with MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2. To confirm the interaction, synthetic peptides corresponding to the C-terminal domain of the S protein (Spike CD) were produced and their effect on the interaction was investigated in vitro. In vivo effect of the Spike CD peptides after cell penetration was further investigated using viral plaque formation assay. Phylogeographic analyses were conducted to deduce homology of Spike CDs and N proteins. Results: We identified a direct interaction between the S protein and the N protein of MERS-CoV that takes place during virus assembly in infected cells. Spike CD peptides of MERS-CoV inhibited the interaction between the S and N proteins in vitro. Furthermore, cell penetration by the synthetic Spike CD peptides inhibited viral plaque formation in MERS-CoV-infected cells. Phylogeographic analyses of Spike CDs and N proteins showed high homology among betacoronavirus lineage C strains. To determine if Spike CD peptides can inhibit the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we used the same strategy and found that the SARS-CoV-2 Spike CD peptide inhibited virus replication in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Conclusions: We suggest that the interaction between the S protein and the N protein can be targeted to design new therapeutics against emerging coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Kwon Park
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongbum Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongbin Baek
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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17
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Ratan C, Cicily K D D, Nair B, Nath LR. MUC Glycoproteins: Potential Biomarkers and Molecular Targets for Cancer Therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:132-152. [PMID: 33200711 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201116113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MUC proteins have great significance as prognostic and diagnostic markers as well as a potential target for therapeutic interventions in most cancers of glandular epithelial origin. These are high molecular weight glycosylated proteins located in the epithelial lining of several tissues and ducts. Mucins belong to a heterogeneous group of large O-glycoproteins that can be either secreted or membrane-bound. Glycosylation, a post-translational modification affects the biophysical, functional and biochemical properties and provides structural complexity for these proteins. Aberrant expression and glycosylation of mucins contribute to tumour survival and proliferation in many cancers, which in turn activates numerous signalling pathways such as NF-kB, ERα, HIF, MAPK, p53, c-Src, Wnt and JAK-STAT, etc. This subsequently induces cancer cell growth, proliferation and metastasis. The present review mainly demonstrates the functional aspects of MUC glycoproteins along with its unique signalling mechanism and role of aberrant glycosylation in cancer progression and therapeutics. The importance of MUC proteins and its subtypes in a wide spectrum of cancers including but not limited to breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial and cervical cancer, lung cancer, primary liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer and ovarian cancer has been exemplified with significance in targeting the same. Several patents associated with the MUC proteins in the field of cancer therapy are also emphasized in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chameli Ratan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Dalia Cicily K D
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
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18
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Park JA, Park S, Choi JK, Han MK, Lee Y. Inhibition of MUC1-C Increases ROS and Cell Death in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 14:180-190. [PMID: 33122470 PMCID: PMC8138657 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the capacity to self-renew and generate all types of cells. MUC1-C, a cytoplasmic subunit of MUC1, is overexpressed in various carcinomas and mediates signaling pathways to regulate intracellular metabolic processes and gene expression involved in the maintenance of cancer cells. However, the functional role of MUC1-C in ES cells is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the role of MUC1-C on growth, survival, and differentiation of mouse ES (mES) cells. Methods and Results Undifferentiated mES cells expressed the MUC1-C protein and the expression level was decreased during differentiation. Inhibition of MUC1-C, by the specific inhibitor GO201, reduced proliferation of mES cells. However, there was no prominent effect on pluripotent markers such as Oct4 expression and STAT3 signaling, and MUC1-C inhibition did not induce differentiation. Inhibition of MUC1-C increased the G1 phase population, decreased the S phase population, and increased cell death. Furthermore, inhibition of MUC1-C induced disruption of the ROS balance in mES cells. Conclusions These results suggest that MUC1-C is involved in the growth and survival of mES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-A Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Biotechnology Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Biotechnology Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Myung-Kwan Han
- Department of Microbiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Biotechnology Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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19
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Shigeta K, Hasegawa M, Kikuchi E, Yasumizu Y, Kosaka T, Mizuno R, Mikami S, Miyajima A, Kufe D, Oya M. Role of the MUC1-C oncoprotein in the acquisition of cisplatin resistance by urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3639-3652. [PMID: 32677159 PMCID: PMC7541007 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin 1 C-terminal subunit (MUC1-C) has been introduced as a key regulator for acquiring drug resistance in various cancers, but the functional role of MUC1-C in urothelial carcinoma (UC) cells remains unknown. We aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of cisplatin (CDDP) resistance through MUC1-C oncoprotein in UC cells. MUC1-C expression was examined immunohistochemically in tumor specimens of 159 UC patients who received CDDP-based perioperative chemotherapy. As a result, moderate to high MUC1-C expression was independently associated with poor survival in UC patients. Using human bladder cancer cell lines and CDDP-resistant (CR) cell lines, we compared the expression levels of MUC1-C, multiple drug resistance 1 (MDR1), the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, and x-cystine/glutamate transporter (xCT) to elucidate the biological mechanisms contributing to the acquisition of chemoresistance. MUC1-C was strongly expressed in CR cell lines, followed with MDR1 expression via activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. MUC1-C also stabilized the expression of xCT, which enhanced antioxidant defenses by increasing intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. MUC1 down-regulation showed MDR1 inhibition along with PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway suppression. Moreover, it inhibited xCT stabilization and resulted in significant decreases in intracellular GSH levels and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The MUC1-C inhibitor restored sensitivity to CDDP in CR cells and UC murine xenograft models. In conclusion, we found that MUC1-C plays a pivotal role in the acquisition of CDDP resistance in UC cells, and therefore the combined treatment of CDDP with a MUC1-C inhibitor may become a novel therapeutic option in CR UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shigeta
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Hasegawa
- Department of Urology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kikuchi
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Urology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yota Yasumizu
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Mizuno
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Mikami
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Miyajima
- Department of Urology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Novel Antibodies Targeting MUC1-C Showed Anti-Metastasis and Growth-Inhibitory Effects on Human Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093258. [PMID: 32380650 PMCID: PMC7247325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin1 (MUC1) is aberrantly glycosylated and overexpressed in various cancers, and it plays a crucial role in cancerogenesis. MUC1 is a type I membranous protein composed of α and β subunits. MUC1-α can be cleaved in cancers, exposing MUC1-β (MUC1-C). MUC1-C is involved with multiple cancer cellular functions, which makes it an attractive target for cancer treatment. However, its multifunctional mechanisms have not been fully elucidated and there has not been a successful therapeutic development against MUC1-C. Through a phage display process, we isolated the specific antibodies for the extracellular domain of MUC1-C. The relevant full IgG antibodies were produced successfully from mammalian cells and validated for their MUC1-C specificities through ELISA, dual FACS analysis, BLI assay, and confocal image analysis. In the comparison with reference antibody, elected antibodies showed characteristic bindings on target antigens. In the functionality assessment of high-ranking antibodies, SKM1-02, -13, and -20 antibodies highly inhibited invasion by triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and the SKM1-02 showed strong growth inhibition of cancer cells. Our results showed that these MUC1-C specific antibodies will be important tools for the understanding of MUC1 oncogenesis and are also highly effective therapeutic candidates against human breast cancers, especially TNBC cells.
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21
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Reynolds IS, Fichtner M, McNamara DA, Kay EW, Prehn JHM, Burke JP. Mucin glycoproteins block apoptosis; promote invasion, proliferation, and migration; and cause chemoresistance through diverse pathways in epithelial cancers. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:237-257. [PMID: 30680581 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of mucin glycoproteins has been demonstrated in many epithelial-derived cancers. The significance of this overexpression remains uncertain. The aim of this paper was to define the association of mucin glycoproteins with apoptosis, cell growth, invasion, migration, adhesion, and clonogenicity in vitro as well as tumor growth, tumorigenicity, and metastasis in vivo in epithelial-derived cancers by performing a systematic review of all published data. A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed to identify all papers that evaluated the association between mucin glycoproteins with apoptosis, cell growth, invasion, migration, adhesion, and clonogenicity in vitro as well as tumor growth, tumorigenicity, and metastasis in vivo in epithelial-derived cancers. PRISMA guidelines were adhered to. Results of individual studies were extracted and pooled together based on the organ in which the cancer was derived from. The initial search revealed 2031 papers, of which 90 were deemed eligible for inclusion in the study. The studies included details on MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC13, and MUC16. The majority of studies evaluated MUC1. MUC1 overexpression was consistently associated with resistance to apoptosis and resistance to chemotherapy. There was also evidence that overexpression of MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC13, and MUC16 conferred resistance to apoptosis in epithelial-derived cancers. The overexpression of mucin glycoproteins is associated with resistance to apoptosis in numerous epithelial cancers. They cause resistance through diverse signaling pathways. Targeting the expression of mucin glycoproteins represents a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of epithelial-derived cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Reynolds
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael Fichtner
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Deborah A McNamara
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Elaine W Kay
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John P Burke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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22
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Yasumizu Y, Rajabi H, Jin C, Hata T, Pitroda S, Long MD, Hagiwara M, Li W, Hu Q, Liu S, Yamashita N, Fushimi A, Kui L, Samur M, Yamamoto M, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Hong D, Maeda T, Kosaka T, Wong KK, Oya M, Kufe D. MUC1-C regulates lineage plasticity driving progression to neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:338. [PMID: 31953400 PMCID: PMC6969104 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive malignancy with no effective targeted therapies. The oncogenic MUC1-C protein is overexpressed in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and NEPC, but its specific role is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that upregulation of MUC1-C in androgen-dependent PC cells suppresses androgen receptor (AR) axis signaling and induces the neural BRN2 transcription factor. MUC1-C activates a MYC→BRN2 pathway in association with induction of MYCN, EZH2 and NE differentiation markers (ASCL1, AURKA and SYP) linked to NEPC progression. Moreover, MUC1-C suppresses the p53 pathway, induces the Yamanaka pluripotency factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC) and drives stemness. Targeting MUC1-C decreases PC self-renewal capacity and tumorigenicity, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for CRPC and NEPC. In PC tissues, MUC1 expression associates with suppression of AR signaling and increases in BRN2 expression and NEPC score. These results highlight MUC1-C as a master effector of lineage plasticity driving progression to NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yota Yasumizu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hasan Rajabi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caining Jin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Hata
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sean Pitroda
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark D Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Masayuki Hagiwara
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nami Yamashita
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atsushi Fushimi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ling Kui
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mehmet Samur
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masaaki Yamamoto
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yan Zhang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deli Hong
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kwok K Wong
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Arab A, Yazdian-Robati R, Behravan J. HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Immunotherapy: A Focus on Vaccine Development. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2020; 68:2. [PMID: 31915932 PMCID: PMC7223380 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-019-00566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical progress in the field of HER2-positive breast cancer therapy has been dramatically improved by understanding of the immune regulatory mechanisms of tumor microenvironment. Passive immunotherapy utilizing recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), particularly trastuzumab and pertuzumab has proved to be an effective strategy in HER2-positive breast cancer treatment. However, resistance to mAb therapy and relapse of disease are still considered important challenges in clinical practice. There are increasing reports on the induction of cellular and humoral immune responses in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. More recently, increasing efforts are focused on using HER2-derived peptide vaccines for active immunotherapy. Here, we discuss the development of various HER2-derived vaccines tested in animal models and human clinical trials. Different formulations and strategies to improve immunogenicity of the antigens in animal studies are also discussed. Furthermore, other immunotherapeutic approaches to HER2 breast cancer including, CTLA-4 inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Arab
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Rezvan Yazdian-Robati
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Javad Behravan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. .,Theraphage Inc., Kitchener, ON, Canada.
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24
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Mucin Pools Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Cancer: A Marker of Response or Epiphenomenon? Am J Surg Pathol 2019; 44:280-287. [PMID: 31567193 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer. Morphologic changes such as fibrosis, inflammatory infiltrates, and the formation of extracellular mucin pools can be identified in the resection specimen after neoadjuvant CRT. The association of mucin pool formation with clinicopathologic variables and outcomes is unclear. The aim of this study was to meta-analyze all available evidence with regard to mucin pool formation and clinicopathologic outcomes following neoadjuvant CRT for rectal cancer. A comprehensive search for published studies analyzing outcomes between patients who formed mucin pools and patients who did not following neoadjuvant CRT for rectal cancer was performed. A random-effects model was used to combine the data. This study adhered to the recommendations of the MOOSE (Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. Data from 11 studies describing 1947 patients were included. Mucin pool formation was not associated with sex, T stage, N stage, tumor regression, pathologic complete response rate, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, differentiation, margin status, local or distant recurrence, and disease-free or overall survival. Mucin pool formation is not associated with tumor response or downstaging; furthermore, on the basis of these data, it is not associated with local or systemic recurrence rate or survival.
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Hata T, Rajabi H, Yamamoto M, Jin C, Ahmad R, Zhang Y, Kui L, Li W, Yasumizu Y, Hong D, Miyo M, Hiraki M, Maeda T, Suzuki Y, Takahashi H, Samur M, Kufe D. Targeting MUC1-C Inhibits TWIST1 Signaling in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1744-1754. [PMID: 31308076 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The oncogenic MUC1-C protein and the TWIST1 epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factor (EMT-TF) are aberrantly expressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. However, there is no known association between MUC1-C and TWIST1 in TNBC or other cancer cells. Here, we show that MUC1-C activates STAT3, and that MUC1-C and pSTAT3 drive induction of the TWIST1 gene. In turn, MUC1-C binds directly to TWIST1, and MUC1-C/TWIST1 complexes activate MUC1-C expression in an autoinductive circuit. The functional significance of the MUC1-C/TWIST1 circuit is supported by the demonstration that this pathway is sufficient for driving (i) the EMT-TFs, ZEB1 and SNAIL, (ii) multiple genes in the EMT program as determined by RNA-seq, and (iii) the capacity for cell invasion. We also demonstrate that the MUC1-C/TWIST1 circuit drives (i) expression of the stem cell markers SOX2, BMI1, ALDH1, and CD44, (ii) self-renewal capacity, and (iii) tumorigenicity. In concert with these results, we show that MUC1-C and TWIST1 also drive EMT and stemness in association with acquired paclitaxel (PTX) resistance. Of potential therapeutic importance, targeting MUC1-C and thereby TWIST1 reverses the PTX refractory phenotype as evidenced by synergistic activity with PTX against drug-resistant cells. These findings uncover a master role for MUC1-C in driving the induction of TWIST1, EMT, stemness, and drug resistance, and support MUC1-C as a highly attractive target for inhibiting TNBC plasticity and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hata
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hasan Rajabi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Masaaki Yamamoto
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caining Jin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rehan Ahmad
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Zhang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ling Kui
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wei Li
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yota Yasumizu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deli Hong
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Masaaki Miyo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Masayuki Hiraki
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yozo Suzuki
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mehmet Samur
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Schaduangrat N, Nantasenamat C, Prachayasittikul V, Shoombuatong W. ACPred: A Computational Tool for the Prediction and Analysis of Anticancer Peptides. Molecules 2019; 24:E1973. [PMID: 31121946 PMCID: PMC6571645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticancer peptides (ACPs) have emerged as a new class of therapeutic agent for cancer treatment due to their lower toxicity as well as greater efficacy, selectivity and specificity when compared to conventional small molecule drugs. However, the experimental identification of ACPs still remains a time-consuming and expensive endeavor. Therefore, it is desirable to develop and improve upon existing computational models for predicting and characterizing ACPs. In this study, we present a bioinformatics tool called the ACPred, which is an interpretable tool for the prediction and characterization of the anticancer activities of peptides. ACPred was developed by utilizing powerful machine learning models (support vector machine and random forest) and various classes of peptide features. It was observed by a jackknife cross-validation test that ACPred can achieve an overall accuracy of 95.61% in identifying ACPs. In addition, analysis revealed the following distinguishing characteristics that ACPs possess: (i) hydrophobic residue enhances the cationic properties of α-helical ACPs resulting in better cell penetration; (ii) the amphipathic nature of the α-helical structure plays a crucial role in its mechanism of cytotoxicity; and (iii) the formation of disulfide bridges on β-sheets is vital for structural maintenance which correlates with its ability to kill cancer cells. Finally, for the convenience of experimental scientists, the ACPred web server was established and made freely available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Schaduangrat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Watshara Shoombuatong
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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GongSun X, Zhao Y, Jiang B, Xin Z, Shi M, Song L, Qin Q, Wang Q, Liu X. Inhibition of MUC1-C regulates metabolism by AKT pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12019-12028. [PMID: 30523643 PMCID: PMC6587484 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common digestive tumors worldwide. The Mucin 1 (MUC1) heterodimeric protein has been confirmed that is overexpressed in ESCC and induced adverse outcomes. However, the detailed mechanism(s) remained challenging. So, we investigated the relationship between MUC1‐C and metabolism in ESCC cells. In the results, TP53‐induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) was overexpressed and correlative with MUC1‐C positively in ESCC tissue. Targeting MUC1‐C inhibits AKT–mTORC–S6K1 signaling and blocks TIGAR translation. We found that the inhibitory effect of GO‐203 on TIGAR was mediated by inhibition of AKT–mTOR–S6K1 pathway. The findings also demonstrated that the suppressive effect of GO‐203 on TIGAR is related to the decrease of glutathione level, the increase of reactive oxygen species and the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane membrane potential. In xenograft tissues, GO‐203 inhibited the growth of ESCC cells and lead to the low expression of transmembrane C‐terminal subunit (MUC1‐C) and TIGAR. This evidence supports the contention that MUC1‐C is significant for metabolism in ESCC and indicated that MUC1‐C is a potential target for the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin GongSun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - YongQiang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Laiwu City People's Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - ZhongWei Xin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mo Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - QiMing Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - XiangYan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Filippou PS, Ren AH, Korbakis D, Dimitrakopoulos L, Soosaipillai A, Barak V, Frenkel S, Pe'er J, Lotem M, Merims S, Molina R, Blasutig I, Bogdanos DP, Diamandis EP. Exploring the potential of mucin 13 (MUC13) as a biomarker for carcinomas and other diseases. Clin Chem Lab Med 2018; 56:1945-1953. [PMID: 29768245 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucin 13 (MUC13) is a cell surface glycoprotein aberrantly expressed in a variety of epithelial carcinomas. Thus far, the role of MUC13 in various diseases remains elusive. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the potential of MUC13 as a serum biomarker in a variety of carcinomas and other conditions. METHODS We developed a recombinant MUC13 protein, mouse monoclonal antibodies and enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for MUC13. We used this assay to measure MUC13 levels in the supernatants of cancer cell lines and a large cohort of serum samples from healthy and diseased individuals. RESULTS MUC13 is secreted from cancer cell lines, with highest levels found in ovarian cancer cell lines. MUC13 levels in human sera were significantly increased in patients with renal failure and 20%-30% of patients with ovarian, liver, lung and other cancers. MUC13 was also elevated in 70% of patients with active cutaneous melanoma, but not uveal melanoma. Furthermore, we identified significant MUC13 elevations in the serum of patients with vasculitis (ANCA-positive) autoantibodies, but not in those with inflammatory bowel disease. CONCLUSIONS Serum MUC13 is frequently elevated not only in a variety of malignant cases but also in some benign pathologies, thus appearing to be a non-specific disease biomarker. Nonetheless, serum MUC13 is clearly highly elevated in some carcinoma patients, and its relationship with tumor progression in this context warrant further research. Future studies that examine the correlation between serum MUC13 levels to stage of cancer could elucidate prognostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota S Filippou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Annie H Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dimitrios Korbakis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lampros Dimitrakopoulos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Antoninus Soosaipillai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vivian Barak
- Department of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shahar Frenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Pe'er
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Lotem
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharon Merims
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rafael Molina
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivan Blasutig
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Ctr., 60 Murray St [Box 32], Flr 6 - Rm L6-201, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada
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Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix is fundamental to tissue integrity and human health. Integrins are the main cellular adhesion receptors that through multifaceted roles as signalling molecules, mechanotransducers and key components of the cell migration machinery are implicated in nearly every step of cancer progression from primary tumour development to metastasis. Altered integrin expression is frequently detected in tumours, where integrins have roles in supporting oncogenic growth factor receptor (GFR) signalling and GFR-dependent cancer cell migration and invasion. In addition, integrins determine colonization of metastatic sites and facilitate anchorage-independent survival of circulating tumour cells. Investigations describing integrin engagement with a growing number of versatile cell surface molecules, including channels, receptors and secreted proteins, continue to lead to the identification of novel tumour-promoting pathways. Integrin-mediated sensing, stiffening and remodelling of the tumour stroma are key steps in cancer progression supporting invasion, acquisition of cancer stem cell characteristics and drug resistance. Given the complexity of integrins and their adaptable and sometimes antagonistic roles in cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment, therapeutic targeting of these receptors has been a challenge. However, novel approaches to target integrins and antagonism of specific integrin subunits in stringently stratified patient cohorts are emerging as potential ways forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellyeh Hamidi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Ramírez-Jarquín JO. Polyubiquitination inhibition of estrogen receptor alpha and its implications in breast cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2018; 9:60-70. [PMID: 30148069 PMCID: PMC6107474 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v9.i4.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is detected in more than 70% of the cases of breast cancer. Nuclear activity of ERα, a transcriptional regulator, is linked to the development of mammary tumors, whereas the extranuclear activity of ERα is related to endocrine therapy resistance. ERα polyubiquitination is induced by the estradiol hormone, and also by selective estrogen receptor degraders, resulting in ERα degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system. Moreover, polyubiquitination is related to the ERα transcription cycle, and some E3-ubiquitin ligases also function as coactivators for ERα. Several studies have demonstrated that ERα polyubiquitination is inhibited by multiple mechanisms that include posttranslational modifications, interactions with coregulators, and formation of specific protein complexes with ERα. These events are responsible for an increase in ERα protein levels and deregulation of its signaling in breast cancers. Thus, ERα polyubiquitination inhibition may be a key factor in the progression of breast cancer and resistance to endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama (PICM), Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510, México
| | - Josué O Ramírez-Jarquín
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510, México
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Xin Z, Xin G, Shi M, Song L, Wang Q, Jiang B, Liu X. Inhibition of MUC1-C entering nuclear suppresses MYC expression and attenuates malignant growth in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4125-4136. [PMID: 30050304 PMCID: PMC6056156 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s168813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mucin 1 (MUC1) heterodimeric protein (N-terminal subunit and C-terminal subunit) is aberrantly overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and has been linked to poor outcomes in this disease. The detailed mechanism(s), however, remains unclear. In this article, we investigate the effects of the MUC1 C-terminal transmembrane subunit (MUC1-C) through the inhibitor GO-201, which inhibits MUC1-C targeting to nuclear. Patients and methods The expression of MUC1-C and MYC in the ESCC samples and cell lines was detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and western blotting. MYC mRNA level was determined by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, Cell Counting Kit-8, clonogenic assay, transwell assay and tumor xenograft in nude mice assay were utilized to determine the role of MUC1-C in proliferation, invasion and migration of ESCC cells. Results The level of MUC1-C in nuclear and MYC in whole cells in the ESCC tissue is significantly higher than that in the noncancerous tissue. Treatment of MUC1-C-overexpressing ESCC cells with GO-201 was associated with downregulation of MYC expression and induction of apoptosis. Besides, in vitro and in vivo assays have both shown that inhibiting MUC1-C targeting to the nucleus by the GO-201 significantly decreased the abilities of proliferation, invasion and migration in ESCC cells. Conclusion Our findings suggest that MUC1-C targeting to the nucleus plays an important role in suppressing the malignant growth of ESCC and indicate that MUC1-C is a potential target for the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Xin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Gongsun Xin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Mo Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Liang Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiangyan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China,
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies in the kidney have revealed that the well characterized tumor antigen mucin 1 (MUC1/Muc1) also has numerous functions in the normal and injured kidney. RECENT FINDINGS Mucin 1 is a transmembrane mucin with a robust glycan-dependent apical targeting signal and efficient recycling from endosomes. It was recently reported that the TRPV5 calcium channel is stabilized on the cell surface by galectin-dependent cross-linking to mucin 1, providing a novel mechanism for regulation of ion channels and normal electrolyte balance.Our recent studies in mice show that Muc 1 is induced after ischemia, stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)α and β-catenin levels, and transactivating the HIF-1 and β-catenin protective pathways. However, prolonged induction of either pathway in the injured kidney can proceed from apparent full recovery to chronic kidney disease. A very recent report indicates that aberrant activation of mucin 1 signaling after ischemic injury in mice and humans is associated with development of chronic kidney disease and fibrosis. A frameshift mutation in MUC1 was recently identified as the genetic lesion causing medullary cystic kidney disease type 1, now appropriately renamed MUC1 Kidney Disease. SUMMARY Studies of mucin 1 in the kidney now reveal significant functions for the extracellular mucin-like domain and signaling through the cytoplasmic tail.
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Ono E, Uede T. Implication of Soluble Forms of Cell Adhesion Molecules in Infectious Disease and Tumor: Insights from Transgenic Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010239. [PMID: 29342882 PMCID: PMC5796187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, which mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. They play a critical role in maintaining tissue integrity and mediating migration of cells, and some of them also act as viral receptors. It has been known that soluble forms of the viral receptors bind to the surface glycoproteins of the viruses and neutralize them, resulting in inhibition of the viral entry into cells. Nectin-1 is one of important CAMs belonging to immunoglobulin superfamily and herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. Both CAMs also act as alphaherpesvirus receptor. Transgenic mice expressing the soluble form of nectin-1 or HVEM showed almost complete resistance against the alphaherpesviruses. As another CAM, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) that recognize sialic acids are also known as an immunoglobulin superfamily member. Siglecs play an important role in the regulation of immune cell functions in infectious diseases, inflammation, neurodegeneration, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Siglec-9 is one of Siglecs and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of group B Streptococcus (GBS) binds to Siglec-9 on neutrophils, leading to suppress host immune response and provide a survival advantage to the pathogen. In addition, Siglec-9 also binds to tumor-produced mucins such as MUC1 to lead negative immunomodulation. Transgenic mice expressing the soluble form of Siglec-9 showed significant resistance against GBS infection and remarkable suppression of MUC1 expressing tumor proliferation. This review describes recent developments in the understanding of the potency of soluble forms of CAMs in the transgenic mice and discusses potential therapeutic interventions that may alter the outcomes of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuro Ono
- Department of Biomedicine, Center of Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Toshimitsu Uede
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.
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Wu G, Kim D, Kim JN, Park S, Maharjan S, Koh H, Moon K, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. A Mucin1 C-terminal Subunit-directed Monoclonal Antibody Targets Overexpressed Mucin1 in Breast Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:78-91. [PMID: 29290794 PMCID: PMC5743461 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mucin1 (MUC1) is a highly glycosylated transmembrane protein that has gained attention because of its overexpression in various cancers. However, MUC1-targeted therapeutic antibodies have not yet been approved for cancer therapy. MUC1 is cleaved to two subunits, MUC1-N and MCU1-C. MUC1-N is released from the cell surface, making MUC1-C a more reasonable target for cancer therapy. Therefore, we produced a monoclonal antibody (anti-hMUC1) specific to the extracellular region of MUC1-C and evaluated its effects in vitro and in vivo. Methods: We produced a monoclonal antibody (anti-hMUC1) using a purified recombinant human MUC1 polypeptide and our novel immunization protocol. The reactivity of anti-hMUC1 was characterized by ELISA, western blotting and immunoprecipitation analyses. The localization of the antibody in the breast cancer cells after binding was determined by confocal image analysis. The effects of the antibody on the growth of cells were also investigated. We injected anti-hMUC1 and performed in vivo tracing analysis in xenograft mouse models. In addition, expression of MUC1 in tissue sections from patients with breast cancer was assessed by immunohistochemistry with anti-hMUC1. Results: The anti-hMUC1 antibody recognized recombinant MUC1 as well as native MUC1-C protein in breast cancer cells. Anti-hMUC1 binds to the membrane surface of cells that express MUC1 and is internalized in some cancer cell lines. Treatment with anti-hMUC1 significantly reduced proliferation of cells in which anti-hMUC1 antibody is internalized. Furthermore, the anti-hMUC1 antibody was specifically localized in the MUC1-expressing breast cancer cell-derived tumors in xenograft mouse models. Based on immunohistochemistry analysis, we detected significantly higher expression of MUC1 in cancer tissues than in normal control tissues. Conclusion: Our results reveal that the anti-hMUC1 antibody targets the extracellular region of MUC1-C subunit and may have utility in future applications as an anti-breast cancer agent.
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Dhanisha SS, Guruvayoorappan C, Drishya S, Abeesh P. Mucins: Structural diversity, biosynthesis, its role in pathogenesis and as possible therapeutic targets. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 122:98-122. [PMID: 29458795 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins are the main structural components of mucus that create a selective protective barrier for epithelial surface and also execute wide range of other physiological functions. Mucins can be classified into two types, namely secreted mucins and membrane bounded mucins. Alterations in mucin expression or glycosylation and mislocalization have been seen in various types of pathological conditions such as cancers, inflammatory bowel disease and ocular disease, which highlight the importance of mucin in maintaining homeostasis. Hence mucins can be used as attractive target for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we discuss in detail about the structural diversity of mucins; their biosynthesis; its role in pathogenesis; regulation and as possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Sulekha Dhanisha
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Chandrasekharan Guruvayoorappan
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India.
| | - Sudarsanan Drishya
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Prathapan Abeesh
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
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Functional interactions of the cystine/glutamate antiporter, CD44v and MUC1-C oncoprotein in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11756-69. [PMID: 26930718 PMCID: PMC4914246 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The xCT light chain of the cystine/glutamate transporter (system XC−) is of importance for the survival of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. The MUC1-C transmembrane oncoprotein is aberrantly overexpressed in TNBC and, like xCT, has been linked to maintaining glutathione (GSH) levels and redox balance. However, there is no known interaction between MUC1-C and xCT. Here we show that silencing MUC1-C is associated with decreases in xCT expression in TNBC cells. The results demonstrate that MUC1-C forms a complex with xCT and the CD44 variant (CD44v), which interacts with xCT and thereby controls GSH levels. MUC1-C binds directly with CD44v and in turn promotes stability of xCT in the cell membrane. The interaction between MUC1-C and xCT is further supported by the demonstration that targeting xCT with silencing or the inhibitor sulfasalazine suppresses MUC1 gene transcription by increasing histone and DNA methylation on the MUC1 promoter. In terms of the functional significance of the MUC1-C/xCT interaction, we show that MUC1-C protects against treatment with erastin, an inhibitor of XC− and inducer of ferroptosis, a form of non-apoptotic cell death. These findings indicate that targeting this novel MUC1-C/xCT pathway could represent a potential therapeutic approach for promoting TNBC cell death.
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MUC1: The First Respiratory Mucin with an Anti-Inflammatory Function. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6120110. [PMID: 29186029 PMCID: PMC5742799 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6120110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MUC1 is a membrane-bound mucin expressed on the apical surfaces of most mucosal epithelial cells. In normal lung epithelia, MUC1 is a binding site for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic human pathogen of great clinical importance. It has now been established that MUC1 also serves an anti-inflammatory role in the airways that is initiated late in the course of a bacterial infection and is mediated through inhibition of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. MUC1 expression was initially shown to interfere with TLR5 signaling in response to P. aeruginosa flagellin, but has since been extended to other TLRs. These new findings point to an immunomodulatory role for MUC1 during P. aeruginosa lung infection, particularly during the resolution phase of inflammation. This review briefly summarizes the recent characterization of MUC1’s anti-inflammatory properties in both the respiratory tract and extrapulmonary tissues.
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Xu X, Chen W, Leng S, Padilla MT, Saxton B, Hutt J, Tessema M, Kato K, Kim KC, Belinsky SA, Lin Y. Muc1 knockout potentiates murine lung carcinogenesis involving an epiregulin-mediated EGFR activation feedback loop. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:604-614. [PMID: 28472347 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a tumor antigen that is aberrantly overexpressed in various cancers, including lung cancer. Our previous in vitro studies showed that MUC1 facilitates carcinogen-induced EGFR activation and transformation in human lung bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), which along with other reports suggests an oncogenic property for MUC1 in lung cancer. However, direct evidence for the role of MUC1 in lung carcinogenesis is lacking. In this study, we used the 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced A/J mouse lung tumor model to investigate the effect of whole-body Muc1 knockout (KO) on carcinogen-induced lung carcinogenesis. Surprisingly, lung tumor multiplicity was significantly increased in Muc1 KO compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The EGFR/AKT pathway was unexpectedly activated, and expression of the EGFR ligand epiregulin (EREG) was increased in the lung tissues of the Muc1 KO compared to the WT mice. EREG stimulated proliferation and protected against cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced cytotoxicity in in vitro cultured human bronchial epithelial cells. Additionally, we determined that MUC1 was expressed in human fibroblast cell lines where it suppressed CSE-induced EREG production. Further, suppression of MUC1 cellular activity with GO-201 enhanced EREG production in lung cancer cells, which in turn protected cancer cells from GO-201-induced cell death. Moreover, an inverse association between MUC1 and EREG was detected in human lung cancer, and EREG expression was inversely associated with patient survival. Together, these results support a promiscuous role of MUC1 in lung cancer development that may be related to cell-type specific functions of MUC1 in the tumor microenvironment, and MUC1 deficiency in fibroblasts and malignant cells results in increased EREG production that activates the EGFR pathway for lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Xu
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and
| | - Wenshu Chen
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and
| | - Mabel T Padilla
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and
| | - Bryanna Saxton
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and
| | - Julie Hutt
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and
| | - Mathewos Tessema
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and
| | - Kosuke Kato
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 86715, USA
| | - Kwang Chul Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 86715, USA
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and
| | - Yong Lin
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and
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Jain S, Washington A, Leaf RK, Bhargava P, Clark RA, Kupper TS, Stroopinsky D, Pyzer A, Cole L, Nahas M, Apel A, Rosenblatt J, Arnason J, Kufe D, Avigan D. Decitabine Priming Enhances Mucin 1 Inhibition Mediated Disruption of Redox Homeostasis in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2304-2314. [PMID: 28729399 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a heterogeneous neoplasm and patients with relapsed/refractory disease exhibit resistance to standard therapies. We have previously demonstrated that the Mucin 1 C-terminal subunit (MUC1-C) plays a critical role in protection from oxidative stress in CTCL cells. Targeting of MUC1-C with a pharmacologic inhibitor, GO-203, was associated with apoptosis in CTCL. However, disease responses were incomplete underscoring the need for combinatorial strategies that could exploit the vulnerability of CTCL cells to oxidative signals. Cell lines, primary samples, and xenograft models of CTCL were used to assess synergy of GO-203 with decitabine, a hypomethylating agent. Present studies demonstrate that exposure of CTCL cells to decitabine in combination with GO-203, increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and decreased levels of scavenger molecules, NADP, NADPH, glutathione, and TIGAR, critical to intracellular redox homeostasis. Dual exposure to GO-203 and decitabine resulted in marked downregulation of DNA methyl transferases demonstrating significant synergy of these agents in inducing global and gene specific hypomethylation. Accordingly, treatment with decitabine and GO-203 upregulated the ROS generating enzymes, NADPH oxidase 4 and dual oxidase 2 potentially due to their effect on epigenomic regulation of these proteins. In concert with these findings, exposure to decitabine and GO-203 resulted in heightened apoptotic death in CTCL cell lines, patient-derived primary samples and in a murine xenograft model. These findings indicate that decitabine intensifies MUC1-C inhibition induced redox imbalance and provides a novel combination of targeted and epigenetic agents for patients with CTCL. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(10); 2304-14. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvia Jain
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Abigail Washington
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca Karp Leaf
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Parul Bhargava
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachael A Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas S Kupper
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dina Stroopinsky
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Athalia Pyzer
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leandra Cole
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Myrna Nahas
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arie Apel
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacalyn Rosenblatt
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jon Arnason
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Avigan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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40
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Huang HL, Wu HY, Chu PC, Lai IL, Huang PH, Kulp SK, Pan SL, Teng CM, Chen CS. Role of integrin-linked kinase in regulating the protein stability of the MUC1-C oncoprotein in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e359. [PMID: 28692035 PMCID: PMC5541713 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MUC1-C overexpression has been associated with the progression of pancreatic tumors by promoting the aggressive and metastatic phenotypes. As MUC1 is a STAT3 target gene, STAT3 plays a major role in regulating MUC1-C expression. In this study, we report an alternative mechanism by which integrin-linked kinase (ILK) post-transcriptionally modulates the expression of MUC1-C by maintaining its protein stability in pancreatic cancer cells. We found that ILK acts in concert with STAT3 to facilitate IL-6-mediated upregulation of MUC1-C; ILK depletion was equally effective as STAT3 depletion in abolishing IL-6-induced MUC1-C overexpression without disturbing the phosphorylation or cellular distribution of STAT3. Conversely, ectopic expression of constitutively active ILK increased MUC1-C expression, though this increase was not noted with kinase-dead ILK. This finding suggests the requirement of the kinase activity of ILK in regulating MUC1-C stability, which was confirmed by using the ILK kinase inhibitor T315. Furthermore, our data suggest the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC)δ in mediating the suppressive effect of ILK inhibition on MUC1-C repression. For example, co-immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that ILK depletion-mediated MUC1-C phosphorylation was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of PKCδ at the activation loop Thr-507 and increased binding of PKCδ to MUC1-C. Conversely, ILK overexpression resulted in decreased PKCδ phosphorylation. From a mechanistic perspective, the present finding, together with our recent report that ILK controls the expression of oncogenic KRAS through a regulatory loop, underscores the pivotal role of ILK in promoting pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-L Huang
- The PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - H-Y Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-C Chu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-L Lai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - P-H Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - S K Kulp
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S-L Pan
- The PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-M Teng
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-S Chen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Cordone I, Masi S, Summa V, Carosi M, Vidiri A, Fabi A, Pasquale A, Conti L, Rosito I, Carapella CM, Villani V, Pace A. Overexpression of syndecan-1, MUC-1, and putative stem cell markers in breast cancer leptomeningeal metastasis: a cerebrospinal fluid flow cytometry study. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:46. [PMID: 28399903 PMCID: PMC5387324 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is a mosaic of tumor cell subpopulations, where only a minority is responsible for disease recurrence and cancer invasiveness. We focused on one of the most aggressive circulating tumor cells (CTCs) which, from the primitive tumor, spreads to the central nervous system (CNS), evaluating the expression of prognostic and putative cancer stem cell markers in breast cancer (BC) leptomeningeal metastasis (LM). Methods Flow cytometry immunophenotypic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples (4.5 ml) was performed in 13 consecutive cases of BCLM. Syndecan-1 (CD138), MUC-1 (CD227) CD45, CD34, and the putative cancer stem cell markers CD15, CD24, CD44, and CD133 surface expression were evaluated on CSF floating tumor cells. The tumor-associated leukocyte population was also characterized. Results Despite a low absolute cell number (8 cell/μl, range 1–86), the flow cytometry characterization was successfully conducted in all the samples. Syndecan-1 and MUC-1 overexpression was documented on BC cells in all the samples analyzed; CD44, CD24, CD15, and CD133 in 77%, 75%, 70%, and 45% of cases, respectively. A strong syndecan-1 and MUC-1 expression was also documented by immunohistochemistry on primary breast cancer tissues, performed in four patients. The CSF tumor population was flanked by T lymphocytes, with a different immunophenotype between the CSF and peripheral blood samples (P ≤ 0.02). Conclusions Flow cytometry can be successfully employed for solid tumor LM characterization even in CSF samples with low cell count. This in vivo study documents that CSF floating BC cells overexpress prognostic and putative cancer stem cell biomarkers related to tumor invasiveness, potentially representing a molecular target for circulating tumor cell detection and LM treatment monitoring, as well as a primary target for innovative treatment strategies. The T lymphocyte infiltration, documented in all CSF samples, suggests a possible involvement of the CNS lymphatic system in both lymphoid and cancer cell migration into and out of the meninges, supporting the extension of a new form of cellular immunotherapy to LM. Due to the small number of cases, validation on large cohorts of patients are warranted to confirm these findings and to evaluate the impact and value of these results for diagnosis and management of LM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0827-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iole Cordone
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Clinical Pathology Division, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Serena Masi
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Clinical Pathology Division, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Summa
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Clinical Pathology Division, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Carosi
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Histopathology Department, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Vidiri
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Radiology Department, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fabi
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Medical Oncology Department, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Pasquale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Clinical Pathology Division, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Clinical Pathology Division, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Immacolata Rosito
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Clinical Pathology Division, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Maria Carapella
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Neuro-Surgery Department, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Villani
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Neuro-Oncology Division, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Neuro-Oncology Division, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
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42
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Rajabi H, Kufe D. MUC1-C Oncoprotein Integrates a Program of EMT, Epigenetic Reprogramming and Immune Evasion in Human Carcinomas. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:117-122. [PMID: 28302417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The MUC1 gene evolved in mammalian species to provide protection of epithelia. The transmembrane MUC1 C-terminal subunit (MUC1-C) signals stress to the interior of the epithelial cell and, when overexpressed as in most carcinomas, functions as an oncoprotein. MUC1-C induces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by activating the inflammatory NF-κB p65 pathway and, in turn, the EMT-transcriptional repressor ZEB1. Emerging evidence has indicated that MUC1-C drives a program integrating the induction of EMT with activation of stem cell traits, epigenetic reprogramming and immune evasion. This mini-review focuses on the potential importance of this MUC1-C program in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Rajabi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
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43
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Targeting MUC1-C inhibits the AKT-S6K1-elF4A pathway regulating TIGAR translation in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:33. [PMID: 28153010 PMCID: PMC5290603 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is third most common malignancy and is the second most common cause of cancer-related death. The MUC1 heterodimeric protein is aberrantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer and has been linked to poor outcomes in this disease. Here, we investigate the effects of the MUC1-C subunit inhibitor (GO-203), which disrupts MUC1-C homo-oligomerization, on human colorectal cancer cells. Methods TIGAR mRNA level was determined using qRT-PCR. Western blotting was used to measure TIGAR protein level and AKT-mTOR-S6K1 pathways. Reactive oxygen species and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. Effect of MUC1-C peptide, GO-203 was studied on colorectal xenograft tumors. Immunohistochemistry was utilized for TIGAR staining. Results Treatment of MUC1-overexpressing SKCO-1 and Colo-205 colon cancer cells with GO-203 was associated with downregulation of the TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) protein. TIGAR promotes the shunting of glycolytic intermediates into the pentose phosphate pathway and thus is of importance for maintaining redox balance. We show that GO-203-induced suppression of TIGAR is mediated by inhibition of AKT and the downstream mTOR pathway. The results also demonstrate that targeting MUC1-C blocks eIF4A cap-dependent translation of TIGAR. In concert with these results, GO-203-induced suppression of TIGAR was associated with decreases in GSH levels. GO-203 treatment also resulted in increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Consistent with these results, GO-203 inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro and as xenografts in nude mice. Inhibition of MUC1-C also downregulated TIGAR expression in xenograft tissues. Conclusions These findings indicate that MUC1-C is a potential target for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer patients who overexpress MUC1-C may be candidates for treatment with the MUC1-C inhibitor alone or in combination therapy with other agents.
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44
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Bar-Natan M, Stroopinsky D, Luptakova K, Coll MD, Apel A, Rajabi H, Pyzer AR, Palmer K, Reagan MR, Nahas MR, Karp Leaf R, Jain S, Arnason J, Ghobrial IM, Anderson KC, Kufe D, Rosenblatt J, Avigan D. Bone marrow stroma protects myeloma cells from cytotoxic damage via induction of the oncoprotein MUC1. Br J Haematol 2017; 176:929-938. [PMID: 28107546 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a lethal haematological malignancy that arises in the context of a tumour microenvironment that promotes resistance to apoptosis and immune escape. In the present study, we demonstrate that co-culture of MM cells with stromal cells results in increased resistance to cytotoxic and biological agents as manifested by decreased rates of cell death following exposure to alkylating agents and the proteosome inhibitor, bortezomib. To identify the mechanism of increased resistance, we examined the effect of the co-culture of MM cells with stroma cells, on expression of the MUC1 oncogene, known to confer tumour cells with resistance to apoptosis and necrosis. Co-culture of stroma with MM cells resulted in increased MUC1 expression by tumour cells. The effect of stromal cell co-culture on MUC1 expression was not dependent on cell contact and was therefore thought to be due to soluble factors secreted by the stromal cells into the microenvironment. We demonstrated that MUC1 expression was mediated by interleukin-6 and subsequent up-regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway. Interestingly, the effect of stromal cell co-culture on tumour resistance was partially reversed by silencing of MUC1 in MM cells, consistent with the potential role of MUC1 in mediating resistance to cytotoxic-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bar-Natan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dina Stroopinsky
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katarina Luptakova
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maxwell D Coll
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arie Apel
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hasan Rajabi
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Athalia R Pyzer
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen Palmer
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Myrna R Nahas
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Karp Leaf
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Salvia Jain
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jon Arnason
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Donald Kufe
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacalyn Rosenblatt
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Avigan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Tyuryaeva II, Lyublinskaya OG, Podkorytov IS, Skrynnikov NR. Origin of anti-tumor activity of the cysteine-containing GO peptides and further optimization of their cytotoxic properties. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40217. [PMID: 28091523 PMCID: PMC5238392 DOI: 10.1038/srep40217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antitumor GO peptides have been designed as dimerization inhibitors of prominent oncoprotein mucin 1. In this study we demonstrate that activity of GO peptides is independent of the level of cellular expression of mucin 1. Furthermore, these peptides prove to be broadly cytotoxic, causing cell death also in normal cells such as dermal fibroblasts and endometrial mesenchymal stem cells. To explore molecular mechanism of their cytotoxicity, we have designed and tested a number of new peptide sequences containing the key CxC or CxxC motifs. Of note, these sequences bear no similarity to mucin 1 except that they also contain a pair of proximal cysteines. Several of the new peptides turned out to be significantly more potent than their GO prototypes. The results suggest that cytotoxicity of these peptides stems from their (moderate) activity as disulfide oxidoreductases. It is expected that such peptides, which we have termed DO peptides, are involved in disulfide-dithiol exchange reaction, resulting in formation of adventitious disulfide bridges in cell proteins. In turn, this leads to a partial loss of protein function and rapid onset of apoptosis. We anticipate that coupling DO sequences with tumor-homing transduction domains can create a potentially valuable new class of tumoricidal peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I. Tyuryaeva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
- Laboratory of Biomolecular NMR, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Olga G. Lyublinskaya
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Ivan S. Podkorytov
- Laboratory of Biomolecular NMR, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Nikolai R. Skrynnikov
- Laboratory of Biomolecular NMR, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA
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46
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Zhang L, Gallup M, Zlock L, Feeling Chen YT, Finkbeiner WE, McNamara NA. Cigarette Smoke Mediates Nuclear to Cytoplasmic Trafficking of Transcriptional Inhibitor Kaiso through MUC1 and P120-Catenin. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:3146-3159. [PMID: 27765636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death, and 87% of these deaths are directly attributable to smoking. Using three-dimensional cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial cells, we demonstrated that loss of adherens junction protein, epithelial cadherin, and the aberrant interaction of its adherens junction binding partner, p120-catenin (p120ctn), with the cytoplasmic tail of apical mucin-1 (MUC1-CT) represent initiating steps in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Smoke provoked the rapid nuclear entry of p120ctn in complex with MUC1-CT that was inhibited using the MUC1-CT inhibitory peptides, PMIP and GO-201. Nuclear entry of p120ctn promoted its interaction with transcriptional repressor kaiso and the rapid shuttling of kaiso to the cytoplasm. Nuclear exit of kaiso permitted the up-regulation of oncogenic transcription factors Fos/phospho-Ser32 Fos, FosB, Fra1/phospho-Ser265 Fra1, which was inhibited through suppression of p120ctn's nuclear export using leptomycin-B. These data indicated that smoke-induced nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation of kaiso depends on the nuclear import of p120ctn in complex with MUC1-CT and the nuclear export of kaiso in complex with p120ctn. The presence of MUC1-CT/p120ctn and p120ctn/kaiso complexes in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma specimens from human patients confirms the clinical relevance of these events. Thus, enhancing kaiso's suppressor role of protumor genes by sequestering kaiso in the nucleus of a smoker's airway epithelium may represent a novel approach of treating lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Marianne Gallup
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Lorna Zlock
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yu Ting Feeling Chen
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Walter E Finkbeiner
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Nancy A McNamara
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Anatomy and Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; School of Optometry and Vision Science Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Ramírez-Jarquín JO. Mechanisms that Increase Stability of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2016; 17:1-10. [PMID: 27561704 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ER) is a transcriptional regulator that controls the expression of genes related to cellular proliferation and differentiation in normal mammary tissue. However, the expression, abundance, and activity of this receptor are increased in 70% of breast cancers. The ER upregulation is facilitated by several molecular mechanisms, including protein stability, which represents an important strategy to maintain an active and functional repertoire of ER. Several proteins interact and protect ER from degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Through diverse mechanisms, these proteins prevent polyubiquitination and degradation of ER, leading to an increase in ER protein levels; consequently, estrogen signaling and its physiologic effects are enhanced in breast cancer cells. Thus, increased protein stability seems to be one of the main reasons that ER is upregulated in breast cancer. Here, we highlight findings on the proteins and mechanisms that participate directly or indirectly in ER stability and their relevance to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico.
| | - Josué O Ramírez-Jarquín
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
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Hiraki M, Suzuki Y, Alam M, Hinohara K, Hasegawa M, Jin C, Kharbanda S, Kufe D. MUC1-C Stabilizes MCL-1 in the Oxidative Stress Response of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to BCL-2 Inhibitors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26643. [PMID: 27217294 PMCID: PMC4877578 DOI: 10.1038/srep26643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) is a major cause of drug resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a heterodimeric oncoprotein that is aberrantly overexpressed in most TNBC. The present studies show that targeting the oncogenic MUC1 C-terminal subunit (MUC1-C) in TNBC cells with silencing or pharmacologic inhibition with GO-203 is associated with downregulation of MCL-1 levels. Targeting MUC1-C suppresses the MEK → ERK and PI3K → AKT pathways, and in turn destabilizes MCL-1. The small molecules ABT-737 and ABT-263 target BCL-2, BCL-XL and BCL-w, but not MCL-1. We show that treatment with ABT-737 increases reactive oxygen species and thereby MUC1-C expression. In this way, MUC1-C is upregulated in TNBC cells resistant to ABT-737 or ABT-263. We also demonstrate that MUC1-C is necessary for the resistance-associated increases in MCL-1 levels. Significantly, combining GO-203 with ABT-737 is synergistic in inhibiting survival of parental and drug resistant TNBC cells. These findings indicate that targeting MUC1-C is a potential strategy for reversing MCL-1-mediated resistance in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Hiraki
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yozo Suzuki
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Maroof Alam
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kunihiko Hinohara
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Masanori Hasegawa
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Caining Jin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Surender Kharbanda
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Okarvi SM, Al Jammaz I. Preparation and evaluation of the tumor-specific antigen-derived synthetic mucin 1 peptide: A potential candidate for the targeting of breast carcinoma. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:403-9. [PMID: 27179249 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to prepare a synthetic peptide derived from breast tumor associated antigen and to evaluate its potential as a breast cancer imaging agent. METHODS A mucin 1 derived peptide was synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis and examined for its radiochemical and metabolic stability. The tumor cell binding affinity of (99m)Tc-MUC1 peptide was investigated on MUC1-positive T47D and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines. In vivo biodistribution was studied in normal Balb/c mice and in vivo tumor targeting and imaging in MCF7 and T47D tumor-bearing nude mice. RESULTS The synthesized MUC1-derived peptide displayed high radiochemical and metabolic stability. In vitro tumor cell-binding on T47D and MCF7 cell lines demonstrated high affinity of (99m)Tc-MUC1 peptide towards human breast cancer cells (binding affinities in nanomolar range). Pharmacokinetic studies performed on Balb/c mice are characterized by an efficient clearance from the blood and excretion predominantly through the urinary system. In vivo tumor uptake in nude mice with MCF7 tumor xenografts was 2.77±0.63% ID/g as early as 1h p.i. whereas in nude mice with T47D human ductal breast epithelial cancer cells, the accumulation in the tumor was found to be 2.65±0.54% ID/g at 1h p.i. Also tumor lesion was detectable in γ-camera imaging. The tumor uptake values were always higher than the blood and muscle uptake, with good tumor retention and good tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios. A low to moderate (<5% ID/g) accumulation and retention of (99m)Tc-MUC1 was found in the major organs (i.e., lungs, stomach, liver, intestines, kidneys, etc.) in both normal and tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSION This study suggests that (99m)Tc-MUC1 tumor-antigen peptide may be a potential candidate for the targeted imaging of MUC1-positive human tumors and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhani M Okarvi
- Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceuticals Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ibrahim Al Jammaz
- Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceuticals Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
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50
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Chou CH, Huang MJ, Chen CH, Shyu MK, Huang J, Hung JS, Huang CS, Huang MC. Up-regulation of C1GALT1 promotes breast cancer cell growth through MUC1-C signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6123-35. [PMID: 25762620 PMCID: PMC4467426 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is frequently observed in cancers. Core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1GALT1) is an exclusive enzyme in humans that catalyzes the biosynthesis of core 1 O-glycan structure, Gal-GalNAc-O-Ser/Thr, whose expression is commonly up-regulated during tumorigenesis. Little is known about the function of C1GALT1 in breast cancer. This study aims to determine the correlation between C1GALT1 expression and breast cancer clinicopathological features and roles of C1GALT1 in breast cancer malignant phenotypes. Public databases and our data showed that C1GALT1 mRNA and C1GALT1 protein are frequently up-regulated in breast cancer; and increased C1GALT1 expression correlates with higher histological grade and advanced tumor stage. Overexpression of C1GALT1 enhanced breast cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo. Conversely, C1GALT1 knockdown suppressed these malignant phenotypes. Furthermore, C1GALT1 modulates O-glycan structures on Mucin (MUC) 1 and promotes MUC1-C/β-catenin signaling in breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that C1GALT1 enhances breast cancer malignant progression through promoting MUC1-C/β-catenin signaling pathway. Unveiling the function of C1GALT1 in breast cancer opens new insights to the roles of C1GALT1 and O-glycosylation in tumorigenesis and renders the potential of C1GALT1 as a target of novel therapeutic agent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsing Chou
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Juei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hau Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kwang Shyu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Shiang Hung
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Sheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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