1
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DNAJB9 suppresses the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer by promoting FBXO45-mediated degradation of ZEB1. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:461. [PMID: 33966034 PMCID: PMC8106677 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
DNAJB9, a member of the heat shock protein 40 family, acts as a multifunctional player involved in the maintenance of their client proteins and cellular homeostasis. However, the mechanistic action of DNAJB9 in human malignancies is yet to be fully understood. In this study, we found that ectopic restoration of DNAJB9 inhibits the migration, invasion, in vivo metastasis, and lung colonization of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Mechanistically, DNAJB9 stabilizes FBXO45 protein by suppressing self-ubiquitination and reduces the abundance of ZEB1 by Lys48-linked polyubiquitination to inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. Clinically, the reduction of DNAJB9 expression, concomitant with decreased FBXO45 abundance in breast cancer tissues, correlates with poorer clinical outcomes of patients with breast cancer. Taken together, our results provide a novel insight into the metastasis of TNBC and define a promising therapeutic strategy for cancers with overactive ZEB1 by regulating the DNAJB9-FBXO45 signaling axis.
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2
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Xiong Y, Feng Y, Zhao J, Lei J, Qiao T, Zhou Y, Lu Q, Jiang T, Jia L, Han Y. TFAP2A potentiates lung adenocarcinoma metastasis by a novel miR-16 family/TFAP2A/PSG9/TGF-β signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:352. [PMID: 33824285 PMCID: PMC8024312 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor AP-2α (TFAP2A) was previously regarded as a critical regulator during embryonic development, and its mediation in carcinogenesis has received intensive attention recently. However, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not been fully elucidated. Here, we tried to investigate TFAP2A expression profiling, clinical significance, biological function and molecular underpinnings in LUAD. We proved LUAD possessed universal TFAP2A high expression, indicating a pervasively poorer prognosis in multiple independent datasets. Then we found TFAP2A was not indispensable for LUAD proliferation, and exogenous overexpression even caused repression. However, we found TFAP2A could potently promote LUAD metastasis possibly by triggering epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated TFAP2A could transactivate Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 9 (PSG9) to enhance transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-triggering EMT in LUAD. Meanwhile, we discovered suppressed post-transcriptional silencing of miR-16 family upon TFAP2A partly contributed to TFAP2A upregulation in LUAD. In clinical specimens, we also validated cancer-regulating effect of miR-16 family/TFAP2A/PSG9 axis, especially for lymph node metastasis of LUAD. In conclusion, we demonstrated that TFAP2A could pivotally facilitate LUAD progression, possibly through a novel pro-metastasis signaling pathway (miR-16 family/TFAP2A/PSG9/ TGF-β).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlu Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yangbo Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyun Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Lintao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China.
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3
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Hu W, Liang YX, Luo JM, Gu XW, Chen ZC, Fu T, Zhu YY, Lin S, Diao HL, Jia B, Yang ZM. Nucleolar stress regulation of endometrial receptivity in mouse models and human cell lines. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:831. [PMID: 31685803 PMCID: PMC6828743 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Embryo implantation is essential to the successful establishment of pregnancy. A previous study has demonstrated that actinomycin D (ActD) could initiate the activation of mouse delayed implantation. However, the mechanism underlying this activation remains to be elucidated. A low dose of ActD is an inducer of nucleolar stress. This study was to examine whether nucleolar stress is involved in embryo implantation. We showed that nucleolar stress occurred when delayed implantation was activated by ActD in mice. ActD treatment also stimulated the Lif-STAT3 pathway. During early pregnancy, nucleolar stress was detected in the luminal epithelial cells during the receptive phase. Blastocyst-derived lactate could induce nucleolar stress in cultured luminal epithelial cells. The inhibition of nucleophosmin1 (NPM1), which was a marker of nucleolar stress, compromised uterine receptivity and decreased the implantation rates in pregnant mice. To translate these mouse data into humans, we examined nucleolar stress in human endometrium. Our data demonstrated that ActD-induced nucleolar stress had positive effects on the embryo attachment by upregulating IL32 expression in non-receptive epithelial cells rather than receptive epithelial cells. Our data should be the first to demonstrate that nucleolar stress is present during early pregnancy and is able to induce embryo implantation in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Animal Model of Human Disease, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jia-Mei Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Cong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Lu Diao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Occupational Medicine, 330006, Nanchang, China
| | - Zeng-Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Khowal S, Naqvi SH, Monga S, Jain SK, Wajid S. Assessment of cellular and serum proteome from tongue squamous cell carcinoma patient lacking addictive proclivities for tobacco, betel nut, and alcohol: Case study. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5186-5221. [PMID: 29236289 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intriguing molecular pathways involved in oral carcinogenesis are still ambiguous. The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) ranks as the most common type constituting more than 90% of the globally diagnosed oral cancers cases. The elevation in the OSCC incidence rate during past 10 years has an alarming impression on human healthcare. The major challenges associated with OSCC include delayed diagnosis, high metastatic rates, and low 5-year survival rates. The present work foundations on reverse genetic strategy and involves the identification of genes showing expressional variability in an OSCC case lacking addictive proclivities for tobacco, betel nut, and/or alcohol, major etiologies. The expression modulations in the identified genes were analyzed in 16 patients comprising oral pre-cancer and cancer histo-pathologies. The genes SCCA1 and KRT1 were found to down regulate while DNAJC13, GIPC2, MRPL17, IG-Vreg, SSFA2, and UPF0415 upregulated in the oral pre-cancer and cancer pathologies, implicating the genes as crucial players in oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Khowal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Samar H Naqvi
- Molecular Diagnostics, Genetix Biotech Asia (P) Ltd., New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Monga
- Department of ENT, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Swatantra K Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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5
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Miao W, Li L, Wang Y. A Targeted Proteomic Approach for Heat Shock Proteins Reveals DNAJB4 as a Suppressor for Melanoma Metastasis. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6835-6842. [PMID: 29722524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that are involved in protein folding. In this study, we developed a targeted proteomic method, relying on LC-MS/MS in the parallel-reaction monitoring (PRM) mode, for assessing quantitatively the human heat shock proteome. The method facilitated the coverage of approximately 70% of the human heat shock proteome and displayed much better throughput and sensitivity than the shotgun proteomic approach. We also applied the PRM method for assessing the differential expression of heat shock proteins in three matched primary/metastatic pairs of melanoma cell lines. We were able to quantify ∼45 heat shock proteins in each pair of cell lines, and the quantification results revealed that DNAJB4 is down-regulated in the three lines of metastatic melanoma cells relative to the corresponding primary melanoma cells. Interrogation of The Cancer Genome Atlas data showed that lower levels of DNAJB4 expression conferred poorer prognosis in melanoma patients. Moreover, we found that DNAJB4 suppresses the invasion of cultured melanoma cells through diminished expression and activities of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9). Together, we established, for the first time, a high-throughput targeted proteomics method for profiling quantitatively the human heat shock proteome and discovered DNAJB4 as a suppressor for melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Miao
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , California 92521-0403 , United States
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , California 92521-0403 , United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , California 92521-0403 , United States
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6
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Acun T, Doberstein N, Habermann JK, Gemoll T, Thorns C, Oztas E, Ried T. HLJ1 (DNAJB4) Gene Is a Novel Biomarker Candidate in Breast Cancer. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2018; 21:257-265. [PMID: 28481734 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer type and cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. New biomarker discovery is crucial for diagnostic innovation and personalized medicine in breast cancer. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been increasingly reported as biomarkers and potential drug targets for cancers. HLJ1 (DNAJB4) belongs to the DNAJ (HSP40) family of HSPs and is regarded as a tumor suppressor gene in lung, colon, and gastric cancers. However, the role of the HLJ1 gene in breast cancer is currently unknown. We evaluated the role of the HLJ1 gene in breast cancer progression by analyzing its in vitro and in vivo expression and its genetic/epigenetic alterations. HLJ1 expression was found to be reduced or lost in breast cancer cell lines (SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231, ZR-75-1) compared with the nontumorigenic mammary epithelial cell line (MCF 10A). In a clinical context for breast cancer progression, the HLJ1 expression was significantly less frequent in invasive breast carcinoma samples (n = 230) compared with normal breast tissue (n = 100), benign neoplasia (n = 53), and ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 21). In methylation analyses by the combined bisulfite restriction analysis assay, the CpG island located in the 5'-flanking region of the HLJ1 gene was found to be methylated in breast cancer cell lines. HLJ1 expression was restored in the ZR-75-1 cell line by DNA demethylating agent 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AzadC) and histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A. These new observations support the idea that HLJ1 is a tumor suppressor candidate and potential biomarker for breast cancer. Epigenomic mechanisms such as CpG methylation and histone deacetylation might contribute to downregulation of HLJ1 expression. We call for future functional, epigenomic, and clinical studies to ascertain the contribution of HLJ1 to breast cancer pathogenesis and, importantly, evaluate its potential for biomarker development in support of personalized medicine diagnostic innovation in clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Acun
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bülent Ecevit University , Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Natalie Doberstein
- 2 Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein , Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens K Habermann
- 2 Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein , Lübeck, Germany
| | - Timo Gemoll
- 2 Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein , Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christoph Thorns
- 3 Institute of Pathology, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein , Lübeck, Germany
| | - Emin Oztas
- 4 Department of Medical Histology and Embryology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Thomas Ried
- 5 Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
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7
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Sanborn RE, Ross HJ, Aung S, Acheson A, Moudgil T, Puri S, Hilton T, Fisher B, Coffey T, Paustian C, Neuberger M, Walker E, Hu HM, Urba WJ, Fox BA. A pilot study of an autologous tumor-derived autophagosome vaccine with docetaxel in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:103. [PMID: 29258618 PMCID: PMC5735525 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-derived autophagosome vaccines (DRibbles) have the potential to broaden immune response to poorly immunogenic tumors. METHODS Autologous vaccine generated from tumor cells harvested from pleural effusions was administered to patients with advanced NSCLC with the objectives of assessing safety and immune response. Four patients were vaccinated and evaluable for immune response; each received two to four doses of vaccine. Study therapy included two cycles of docetaxel 75 mg/m2 on days 1 and 29 to treat the tumor, release hidden antigens and produce lymphopenia. DRibbles were to be administered intradermally on days 14, 43, 57, 71, and 85, together with GM-CSF (50 μg/d x 6d, administered via SQ mini pump). Peripheral blood was tested for immune parameters at baseline and at each vaccination. RESULTS Three of four patients had tumor cells available for testing. Autologous tumor-specific immune response was seen in two of the three, manifested by IL-5 (1 patient after 3 doses), and IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-5, IL-10 (after 4 doses in one patient). All 4 patients had evidence of specific antibody responses against potential tumor antigens. All patients came off study after 4 or fewer vaccine treatments due to progression of disease. No significant immune toxicities were seen during the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS DRibble vaccine given with GM-CSF appeared safe and capable of inducing an immune response against tumor cells in this small, pilot study. There was no evidence of efficacy in this small poor-prognosis patient population, with treatment not feasible. Trial registration NCT00850785, initial registration date February 23, 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Sanborn
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR USA
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, N.E. Glisan Street, 2N35, Portland, OR 97213 USA
| | | | - Sandra Aung
- UbiVac, Portland, OR USA
- Present address: Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, USA
| | - Anupama Acheson
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR USA
| | - Tarsem Moudgil
- Laboratory of Molecular and Tumor Immunology, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR USA
| | - Sachin Puri
- Laboratory of Molecular and Tumor Immunology, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR USA
| | | | - Brenda Fisher
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR USA
| | - Todd Coffey
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR USA
| | - Christopher Paustian
- Laboratory of Molecular and Tumor Immunology, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR USA
| | - Michael Neuberger
- Laboratory of Molecular and Tumor Immunology, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR USA
- Present address: Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Edwin Walker
- Immunological Monitoring Laboratory, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR USA
| | - Hong-Ming Hu
- UbiVac, Portland, OR USA
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunobiology, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR USA
| | - Walter J. Urba
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR USA
| | - Bernard A. Fox
- UbiVac, Portland, OR USA
- Laboratory of Molecular and Tumor Immunology, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology; and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
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8
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Lin SY, Lee YX, Yu SL, Chang GC, Chen JJW. Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 inhibits invasiveness and proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer by regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21799-811. [PMID: 26967563 PMCID: PMC5008324 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) has been reported to be associated with colon and gastric cancer metastasis. However, the role and function of PRL-3 in human non-small cell lung cancer cells is unknown. Our studies showed that the expression of PRL-3mRNA and protein are higher in less invasive human lung adenocarcinoma cells than in highly invasive cell lines. Ectopic expression of PRL-3 reduced cell capacity for anchorage-dependent growth, anchorage-independent growth, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis in vivo. Conversely, catalytic (C104S) and prenylation-site (C170S) mutants enhanced cell invasion. Microarray profiling of PRL-3 transfectants revealed the pathways potentially involving PRL-3, including the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix remodeling, and the WNT signaling pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrated that increased PRL-3 reduced Slug and enhanced E-cadherin gene expression through the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. In conclusion, our data suggest that PRL-3 might play a tumor suppressor role in lung cancer, distinct from other cancers, by inhibiting EMT-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yi Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Xun Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gee-Chen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeremy J W Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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9
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Chen CH, Chang WH, Su KY, Ku WH, Chang GC, Hong QS, Hsiao YJ, Chen HC, Chen HY, Wu R, Yang PC, Chen JJW, Yu SL. HLJ1 is an endogenous Src inhibitor suppressing cancer progression through dual mechanisms. Oncogene 2016; 35:5674-5685. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Chang WH, Ho BC, Hsiao YJ, Chen JS, Yeh CH, Chen HY, Chang GC, Su KY, Yu SL. JAG1 Is Associated with Poor Survival through Inducing Metastasis in Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150355. [PMID: 26930648 PMCID: PMC4773101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
JAG1 is a Notch ligand that plays a critical role in multiple signaling pathways. However, the functionality of JAG1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been investigated thoroughly. By comparison of gene transcripted RNA profiles in the cell line pair with differential invasion ability, we identified JAG1 as a potential metastasis enhancer in lung cancer. Ectopic expression of JAG1 on lung cancer cells enhanced cell migration and invasion as well as metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, knockdown of JAG1 with siRNA in highly invasive cancer cells led to the reduction of migration and invasion. In clinical analysis, JAG1 mRNA expression was higher in tumors than in adjacent normal tissues in 14 of 20 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). SCC patients with higher JAG1 transcription had poor overall survival than those with low-transcripted JAG1. Microarray analysis indicated that the enforced JAG1 transcription was associated with an elevated HSPA2 RNA transcription, which played a role in promoting cancer cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, this is the first study that demonstrated that JAG1 might act as a potential prognostic marker and JAG1/HSPA2 axis mediates lung cancer malignancy at least partly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsin Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Ching Ho
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jing Hsiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shing Chen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Yeh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gee-Chen Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yi Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Optoelectronic Biomedicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Lin SY, Chang HH, Lai YH, Lin CH, Chen MH, Chang GC, Tsai MF, Chen JJW. Digoxin Suppresses Tumor Malignancy through Inhibiting Multiple Src-Related Signaling Pathways in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123305. [PMID: 25955608 PMCID: PMC4425490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer is the predominant type of lung cancer, resulting in high mortality worldwide. Digoxin, a cardiac glycoside, has recently been suggested to be a novel chemotherapeutic agent. Src is an oncogene that plays an important role in cancer progression and is therefore a potential target for cancer therapy. Here, we investigated whether digoxin could suppress lung cancer progression through the inhibition of Src activity. The effects of digoxin on lung cancer cell functions were investigated using colony formation, migration and invasion assays. Western blotting and qPCR assays were used to analyze the mRNA and protein expression levels of Src and its downstream proteins, and a cell viability assay was used to measure cellular cytotoxicity effects. The results of the cell function assays revealed that digoxin inhibited the proliferation, invasion, migration, and colony formation of A549 lung cancer cells. Similar effects of digoxin were also observed in other lung cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we found that digoxin significantly suppressed Src activity and its protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner as well as reduced EGFR and STAT3 activity. Our data suggest that digoxin is a potential anticancer agent that may suppress lung cancer progression through inhibiting Src and the activity of related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yi Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hui Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Lai
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiung Lin
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gee-Chen Chang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Feng Tsai
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Dayeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MFT); (JJWC)
| | - Jeremy J. W. Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MFT); (JJWC)
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12
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Kim JY, Cho YE, An YM, Kim SH, Lee YG, Park JH, Lee S. GLTSCR2 is an upstream negative regulator of nucleophosmin in cervical cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1245-52. [PMID: 25818168 PMCID: PMC4459840 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM)/B23, a multifunctional nucleolar phosphoprotein, plays an important role in ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and cancer pathogenesis. The role of NPM in cells is determined by several factors, including total expression level, oligomerization or phosphorylation status, and subcellular localization. In the nucleolus, NPM participates in rRNA maturation to enhance ribosomal biogenesis. Consistent with this finding, NPM expression is increased in rapidly proliferating cells and many types of human cancers. In response to ribosomal stress, NPM is redistributed to the nucleoplasm, where it inactivates mouse double minute 2 homologue to stabilize p53 and inhibit cell cycle progression. These observations indicate that nucleolus-nucleoplasmic mobilization of NPM is one of the key molecular mechanisms that determine the role of NPM within the cell. However, the regulatory molecule(s) that control(s) NPM stability and subcellular localization, crucial to the pluripotency of intercellular NPM, remain(s) unidentified. In this study, we showed that nucleolar protein GLTSCR2/Pict-1 induced nucleoplasmic translocation and enhanced the degradation of NPM via the proteasomal polyubiquitination pathway. In addition, we showed that GLTSCR2 expression decreased the transforming activity of cells mediated by NPM and that the expression of NPM is reciprocally related to that of GLTSCR2 in cervical cancer tissue. In this study, we demonstrated that GLTSCR2 is an upstream negative regulator of NPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Youn Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Min An
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Gwan Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Pesce ER, Blatch GL, Edkins AL. Hsp40 Co-chaperones as Drug Targets: Towards the Development of Specific Inhibitors. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2015_92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tsai MF, Wang CC, Chen JJW. Tumour suppressor HLJ1: A potential diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:865-873. [PMID: 25493224 PMCID: PMC4259948 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i5.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality throughout the world. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all diagnosed lung cancers. Despite considerable progress in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, the overall 5-year survival rate of NSCLC patients remains lower than 15%. The most common causes of death in lung cancer patients are treatment failure and metastasis. Therefore, developing novel strategies that target both tumour growth and metastasis is an important and urgent mission for the next generation of anticancer therapy research. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), which are involved in the fundamental defence mechanism for maintaining cellular viability, are markedly activated during environmental or pathogenic stress. HSPs facilitate rapid cell division, metastasis, and the evasion of apoptosis in cancer development. These proteins are essential players in the development of cancer and are prime therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for HLJ1’s role in lung cancer carcinogenesis and progression. HLJ1, a member of the human HSP 40 family, has been characterised as a tumour suppressor. Research studies have also reported that HLJ1 shows promising dual anticancer effects, inhibiting both tumour growth and metastasis in NSCLC. The accumulated evidence suggests that HLJ1 is a potential biomarker and treatment target for NSCLC.
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Chen CC, Chen HY, Su KY, Hong QS, Yan BS, Chen CH, Pan SH, Chang YL, Wang CJ, Hung PF, Yuan S, Chang GC, Chen JJW, Yang PC, Yang YC, Yu SL. Shisa3 is associated with prolonged survival through promoting β-catenin degradation in lung cancer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:433-44. [PMID: 25036006 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201312-2256oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Despite advances in treatment and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), patient outcomes are still unsatisfactory. OBJECTIVES To reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients with NSCLC, a more comprehensive understanding of mechanisms involved in cancer progression is urgently needed. METHODS By comparison of gene expression profiles in the cell line pair with differential invasion ability, CL1-0 and CL1-5, we found that Shisa3 was highly expressed in the low invasive cells. The effect of Shisa3 on invasion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and anchorage-independent growth activities in vitro and on tumor growth and metastasis in mice models were examined. The underlying mechanism of Shisa3 was explored by microarray and pathway analysis. Finally, the correlation of Shisa3 expression and clinical outcome was also calculated. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We identified Shisa3 as a novel tumor suppressor, which induces β-catenin degradation resulting in suppression of tumorigenesis and invasion in vitro. Shisa3 decreased the tumor growth in mice with subcutaneous implantation and reduced the number of metastatic nodules in mice with tail vein injection and orthotopic implantation. Shisa3 performs the tumor suppression activity through WNT signaling predicted by microarray analysis. Our data found that Shisa3 accelerates β-catenin degradation and was positively associated with overall survival and progression-free survival of NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that Shisa3 acts as a tumor suppressor by acceleration of β-catenin degradation and provide new insight for cancer prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chieh Chen
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology
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16
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Lai CW, Chen HL, Lin KY, Liu FC, Chong KY, Cheng WTK, Chen CM. FTSJ2, a heat shock-inducible mitochondrial protein, suppresses cell invasion and migration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90818. [PMID: 24595062 PMCID: PMC3942483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal RNA large subunit methyltransferase J (RrmJ), an Escherichia coli heat shock protein, is responsible for 2′-O-ribose methylation in 23S rRNA. In mammals, three close homologs of RrmJ have been identified and have been designated as FTSJ1, FTSJ2 and FTSJ3; however, little is known about these genes. In this study, we characterized the mammalian FTSJ2, which was the most related protein to RrmJ in a phylogenetic analysis that had similar amino acid sequence features and tertiary protein structures of RrmJ. FTSJ2 was first identified in this study as a nucleus encoded mitochondrial protein that preserves the heat shock protein character in mammals in which the mRNA expressions was increased in porcine lung tissues and A549 cells after heat shock treatment. In addition, a recent study in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) suggested that the FTSJ2 gene is located in a novel oncogenic locus. However, our results demonstrate that the expression of FTSJ2 mRNA was decreased in the more invasive subline (CL1-5) of the lung adenocarcinoma cells (CL1) compared with the less invasive subline (CL1-0), and overexpression of FTSJ2 resulted in the inhibition of cell invasion and migration in the rhabdomyosarcoma cell (TE671). In conclusion, our findings indicate that mammalian FTSJ2 is a mitochondrial ortholog of E. coli RrmJ and conserves the heat shock protein properties. Moreover, FTSJ2 possesses suppressive effects on the invasion and migration of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, iEGG center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhwa, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Yo Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, iEGG center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chueh Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, iEGG center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Winston T. K. Cheng
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, iEGG center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Lai YH, Yu SL, Chen HY, Wang CC, Chen HW, Chen JJW. The HLJ1-targeting drug screening identified Chinese herb andrographolide that can suppress tumour growth and invasion in non-small-cell lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1069-80. [PMID: 23306212 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HLJ1 is a novel tumour suppressor and is a potential druggable target for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this report, using a promoter-containing enhancer region as the HLJ1-targeting drug-screening platform, we identified several herbal compounds from a Chinese herbal bank with the capacity to enhance HLJ1 promoter activity and suppress tumour growth and invasion of NSCLC. Among the herbal drugs identified, the andrographolide (from Andrographis paniculata [Burm. f.] Nees.) most significantly induced HLJ1 expression and suppressed tumorigenesis both in vitro and in vivo. The andrographolide upregulates HLJ1 via JunB activation, which modulates AP-2α binding at the MMP-2 promoter and represses the expression of MMP-2. In addition, silencing of HLJ1 partially reverses the inhibition of cancer-cell invasion by andrographolide. Microarray transcriptomic analysis was performed to comprehensively depict the andrographolide-regulated signalling pathways. We showed that andrographolide can affect 939 genes (analysis of variance, false discovery rate < 0.05) that are dominantly involved in the cell cycle, apoptosis and adhesion-related biological signalling, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, focal adhesion and tight junction pathways, indicating the diverse effects of andrographolide on anticancer invasion and proliferation. In conclusion, the HLJ1-targeting drug-screening platform is useful for screening of novel anticancer compounds. Using this platform, we identified andrographolide is a promising new anticancer agent that could suppress tumour growth and invasion in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hua Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Liu Y, Zhang F, Zhang XF, Qi LS, Yang L, Guo H, Zhang N. Expression of nucleophosmin/NPM1 correlates with migration and invasiveness of colon cancer cells. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:53. [PMID: 22631075 PMCID: PMC3404909 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to examine the expression level of Nucleophosmin (NPM1) protein in colon cancer tissues and to investigate the potential role of NPM1 in the regulation of cell migration and invasiveness. Methods Immunohistochemical assay was performed to examine the expression pattern of NPM1 in 31 groups of colonic carcinoma samples, including colon tumors, adjacent normal tissues, and matched metastatic lymph nodes from the same patients. Small interfering RNA technique and exogenous expression of wild type NPM1 methods were used to further verify the function of NPM1. Results High-expression of NPM1 correlates with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0003) and poor survival rate of human colon cancer patients (P = 0.017). SiRNA-mediated reduction of NPM1 was also shown to inhibit the migration and invasiveness of metastatic colon cancer HCT116 cell line. In addition, the exogenous expression of NPM1 in HT29 cells, a NPM1 low expression and low invasive colon cancer cell line, enhanced cell migration and invasiveness along with increased cell proliferation. Conclusions The current study uncovered the critical role of NPM1 in the regulation of colon cancer cells migration and invasion, and NPM1 may serve as a potential marker for the prognosis of colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Tianjin Medical University, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
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Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM) is a nucleolar phosphoprotein that is involved in many cellular processes and has both oncogenic and growth suppressing activities. NPM is localized primarily in nucleoli but shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and sustained cytoplasmic distribution contributes to its tumor promoting activities. Plakoglobin (PG, γ-catenin) is a homolog of β-catenin with dual adhesive and signaling functions. These proteins interact with cadherins and mediate adhesion, while their signaling activities are regulated by association with various intracellular partners. Despite these similarities, β-catenin has a well-defined oncogenic activity, whereas PG acts as a tumor/metastasis suppressor through unknown mechanisms. Comparison of the proteomic profiles of carcinoma cell lines with low- or no PG expression with their PG-expressing transfectants has identified NPM as being upregulated upon PG expression. Here, we examined NPM subcellular distribution and in vitro tumorigenesis/metastasis in the highly invasive and very low PG expressing MDA-MB-231 (MDA-231) breast cancer cells and their transfectants expressing increased PG (MDA-231-PG) or NPM shRNA (MDA-231-NPM-KD) or both (MDA-231-NPM-KD+PG). Increased PG expression increased the levels of nucleolar NPM and coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that NPM interacts with PG. PG expression or NPM knockdown decreased the growth rate of MDA-231 cells substantially and this reduction was decreased further in MDA-231-NPM-KD+PG cells. In in vitro tumorigenesis/metastasis assays, MDA-231-PG cells showed substantially lower and MDA-231-NPM-KD cells substantially higher invasiveness relative to the MDA-231 parental cells, and the co-expression of PG and NPM shRNA led to even further reduction of the invasiveness of MDA-231-PG cells. Furthermore, examination of the levels and localization of PG and NPM in primary biopsies of metastatic infiltrating ductal carcinomas revealed coordinated expression of PG and NPM. Together, the data suggest that PG may regulate NPM subcellular distribution, which may potentially change the function of the NPM protein from oncogenic to tumor suppression.
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NPM1/B23: A Multifunctional Chaperone in Ribosome Biogenesis and Chromatin Remodeling. Biochem Res Int 2010; 2011:195209. [PMID: 21152184 PMCID: PMC2989734 DOI: 10.1155/2011/195209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
At a first glance, ribosome biogenesis and chromatin remodeling are quite different processes, but they share a common problem involving interactions between charged nucleic acids and small basic proteins that may result in unwanted intracellular aggregations. The multifunctional nuclear acidic chaperone NPM1 (B23/nucleophosmin) is active in several stages of ribosome biogenesis, chromatin remodeling, and mitosis as well as in DNA repair, replication and transcription. In addition, NPM1 plays an important role in the Myc-ARF-p53 pathway as well as in SUMO regulation. However, the relative importance of NPM1 in these processes remains unclear. Provided herein is an update on the expanding list of the diverse activities and interacting partners of NPM1. Mechanisms of NPM1 nuclear export functions of NPM1 in the nucleolus and at the mitotic spindle are discussed in relation to tumor development. It is argued that the suggested function of NPM1 as a histone chaperone could explain several, but not all, of the effects observed in cells following changes in NPM1 expression. A future challenge is to understand how NPM1 is activated, recruited, and controlled to carry out its functions.
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