1
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Cai D, Bian Y, Wu S, Ding K. Conformation-Controlled Hydrogen-Bond-Mediated Aglycone Delivery Method for α-Xylosylation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9945-9960. [PMID: 34292734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
α-Xylosylated glycans and xylosyl derivatives are biomedically important molecules which show numerous bioactivities against infection, cancer, inflammation, and so on. Lacking an efficient α-xylosylation method, the synthesis of α-xyloside-containing molecules was full of challenges. Herein, a robust method is presented for selective α-xylosylation via combination of a rare conformation-controlled strategy and the hydrogen-bond-mediated aglycone delivery method. Various native branched α-xyloside structures necessitate an orthogonally protected xyloside, and a three-pot preparation method of the xylosyl donor was developed for this novel α-xylosylation method, which was further applied in the first synthesis of the side chain N of xyloglucan. This work provides an efficient α-xylosylation method which would make various α-xyloside structures achievable. The conformation-controlled strategy also has important reference to the chemistry of five-carbon pyranose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqin Cai
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ya Bian
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shengjie Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kan Ding
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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2
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What Are the Potential Roles of Nuclear Perlecan and Other Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycans in the Normal and Malignant Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094415. [PMID: 33922532 PMCID: PMC8122901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of nuclear and perinuclear perlecan in annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus cells and its known matrix stabilizing properties in tissues introduces the possibility that perlecan may also have intracellular stabilizing or regulatory roles through interactions with nuclear envelope or cytoskeletal proteins or roles in nucleosomal-chromatin organization that may regulate transcriptional factors and modulate gene expression. The nucleus is a mechano-sensor organelle, and sophisticated dynamic mechanoresponsive cytoskeletal and nuclear envelope components support and protect the nucleus, allowing it to perceive and respond to mechano-stimulation. This review speculates on the potential roles of perlecan in the nucleus based on what is already known about nuclear heparan sulphate proteoglycans. Perlecan is frequently found in the nuclei of tumour cells; however, its specific role in these diseased tissues is largely unknown. The aim of this review is to highlight probable roles for this intriguing interactive regulatory proteoglycan in the nucleus of normal and malignant cell types.
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3
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Habli Z, Deen NNA, Malaeb W, Mahfouz N, Mermerian A, Talhouk R, Mhanna R. Biomimetic sulfated glycosaminoglycans maintain differentiation markers of breast epithelial cells and preferentially inhibit proliferation of cancer cells. Acta Biomater 2021; 122:186-198. [PMID: 33444795 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are key elements involved in various physiological and pathological processes including cancer. Several GAG-based drugs have been developed showing significant results and potential use as cancer therapeutics. We previously reported that alginate sulfate (AlgSulf), a GAG-mimetic, reduces the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells. In this study, we evaluated the preferential effect of AlgSulf on tumorigenic and nontumorigenic mammary epithelial cells in 2D, 3D, and coculture conditions. AlgSulf were synthesized with different degrees of sulfation (DSs) varying from 0 to 2.7 and used at 100 µg/mL on HMT-3522 S1 (S1) nontumorigenic mammary epithelial cells and their tumorigenic counterparts HMT-3522 T4-2 (T4-2) cells. The anti-tumor properties of AlgSulf were assessed using trypan blue and bromodeoxyuridine proliferation (BrdU) assays, immunofluorescence staining and transwell invasion assay. Binding of insulin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) to sulfated substrates was measured using QCM-D and ELISA. In 2D, the cell growth rate of cells treated with AlgSulf was consistently lower compared to untreated controls (p<0.001) and surpassed the effect of the native GAG heparin (positive control). In 3D, AlgSulf preferentially hindered the growth rate and the invasion potential of tumorigenic T4-2 nodules while maintaining the formation of differentiated polarized nontumorigenic S1 acini. The preferential growth inhibition of tumorigenic cells by AlgSulf was confirmed in a coculture system (p<0.001). In the ELISA assay, a trend of EGF binding was detected for sulfated polysaccharides while QCM-D analysis showed negligible binding of insulin and EGF to sulfated substrates. The preferential effect mediated by the mimetic sulfated GAGs on cancer cells may in part be growth factor dependent. Our findings suggest a potential anticancer therapeutic role of AlgSulf for the development of anticancer drugs.
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4
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Mastio R, Willén D, Söderlund Z, Westergren-Thorsson G, Manner S, Tykesson E, Ellervik U. Fluorescently labeled xylosides offer insight into the biosynthetic pathways of glycosaminoglycans. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38283-38292. [PMID: 35498069 PMCID: PMC9044174 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06320k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Five novel xylosides tagged with the fluorescent probe Pacific Blue™ were synthesized and found to act as substrates for β4GalT7, a bottleneck enzyme in the biosynthetic pathways leading to glycosaminoglycans. By confocal microscopy of A549 cells, we showed that the xylosides were taken up by the cells, but did not enter the Golgi apparatus where most of the glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis occurs. Instead, after a possible double galactosylation by β4GalT7 and β3GalT6, the biosynthesis was terminated. We hypothesize this is due to the charge of the fluorescent probe, which is required for fluorescent ability and stability under physiological conditions. Fluorescently labeled xylosides are taken up by cells and initiate priming of labeled GAG chains of various length.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mastio
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Willén
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Zackarias Söderlund
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, P. O. Box 117, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Sophie Manner
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Emil Tykesson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, P. O. Box 117, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ellervik
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, P. O. Box 117, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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5
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Heparanase: Cloning, Function and Regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:189-229. [PMID: 32274711 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In 2019, we mark the 20th anniversary of the cloning of the human heparanase gene. Heparanase remains the only known enzyme to cleave heparan sulfate, which is an abundant component of the extracellular matrix. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms underlying heparanase expression and activity is critical to understanding its role in healthy and pathological settings. This chapter provides a historical account of the race to clone the human heparanase gene, describes the intracellular and extracellular function of the enzyme, and explores the various mechanisms regulating heparanase expression and activity at the gene, transcript, and protein level.
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6
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Purushothaman A, Sanderson RD. Heparanase: A Dynamic Promoter of Myeloma Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:331-349. [PMID: 32274716 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been speculated for many years that heparanase plays an important role in the progression of cancer due largely to the finding that its expression is weak or absent in normal tissues but generally as tumors become more aggressive heparanase expression increases. However, it is only in the last decade or so that we have begun to understand the molecular mechanism behind the sinister role that heparanase plays in cancer. In this review, we describe the many functions of heparanase in promoting the growth, angiogenesis and metastasis of multiple myeloma, a devastating cancer that localizes predominantly within the bone marrow and spreads throughout the skeletal system devouring bone and ultimately leading to death of almost all patients diagnosed with this disease. We also explore recent discoveries related to how heparanase primes exosome biogenesis and how heparanase enhances myeloma tumor chemoresistance. Discovery of these multiple tumor-promoting pathways that are driven by heparanase identified the enzyme as an ideal target for therapy, an approach recently tested in a Phase I trial in myeloma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Purushothaman
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ralph D Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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7
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Zi CT, Yang L, Zhang BL, Li Y, Ding ZT, Jiang ZH, Hu JM, Zhou J. Synthesis and Cytotoxicities of Novel Podophyllotoxin Xyloside Derivatives. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19860668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel podophyllotoxin xyloside derivatives 8 to 11 were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicities against a panel of 5 human cancer cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, SW480) using [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assays. These derivatives showed good to moderate activities, with compound 9 having an IC50 value of 4.42 μM against the A-549 cell line. Overall, compound 9 might be a promising candidate for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ting Zi
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Bang-Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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8
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Palczewski MB, Petraitis H, Thomas DD. Nitric oxide is an epigenetic regulator of histone post-translational modifications in cancer. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Tang Y, Zhang S, Chang Y, Fan D, Agostini AD, Zhang L, Jiang T. Aglycone Ebselen and β-d-Xyloside Primed Glycosaminoglycans Co-contribute to Ebselen β-d-Xyloside-Induced Cytotoxicity. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2937-2948. [PMID: 29584939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most β-d-xylosides with hydrophobic aglycones are nontoxic primers for glycosaminoglycan assembly in animal cells. However, when Ebselen was conjugated to d-xylose, d-glucose, d-galactose, and d-lactose (8A-D), only Ebselen β-d-xyloside (8A) showed significant cytotoxicity in human cancer cells. The following facts indicated that the aglycone Ebselen and β-d-xyloside primed glycosaminoglycans co-contributed to the observed cytotoxicity: 1. Ebselen induced S phase cell cycle arrest, whereas 8A induced G2/M cell cycle arrest; 2. 8A augmented early and late phase cancer cell apoptosis significantly compared to that of Ebselen and 8B-D; 3. Both 8A and phenyl-β-d-xyloside primed glycosaminoglycans with similar disaccharide compositions in CHO-pgsA745 cells; 4. Glycosaminoglycans could be detected inside of cells only when treated with 8A, indicating Ebselen contributed to the unique property of intracellular localization of the primed glycosaminoglycans. Thus, 8A represents a lead compound for the development of novel antitumor strategy by targeting glycosaminoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China.,Medical Systems Biology Center for Complex Diseases , Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao 266003 , P. R. China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
| | - Yajing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China.,Medical Systems Biology Center for Complex Diseases , Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao 266003 , P. R. China
| | - Dacheng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
| | - Ariane De Agostini
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva , Geneva 14 , Switzerland
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Medical Systems Biology Center for Complex Diseases , Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao 266003 , P. R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National of Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266003 , P. R. China
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10
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Agere SA, Kim EY, Akhtar N, Ahmed S. Syndecans in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: Pathological insights and therapeutic opportunities. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6346-6358. [PMID: 29226950 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Syndecans (SDCs) are a family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) glycoproteins ubiquitously expressed on the cell surfaces and extracellular matrix of all mammalian tissues. There are four mammalian syndecans, SDC-1 thorough 4, which play a critical role in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis through independent and growth factor mediated signaling. An altered expression of SDCs is often observed in autoimmune disorders, cancer, HIV infection, and many other pathological conditions. SDCs modulate disease progression by interacting with a diverse array of ligands, receptors, and other proteins, including extracellular matrix, glycoproteins, integrins, morphogens, and various growth factors and chemokines, along with their receptors and kinases. Specifically, SDCs present on cell surface can bind directly to chemokines to enhance their binding to receptors, downstream signaling, and migration. Alternatively, SDCs can be cleaved and shed to mediate negative regulation of chemokine and growth factor signaling pathways and ligand sequestration. Importantly, SDC shedding may be a biomarker of inflammation, especially in chronic inflammatory diseases. While the current therapies for cancer and several autoimmune disorders have revolutionized treatment outcomes, understanding the pathophysiological role of SDCs and the use of HSPG mimetic or antagonists on cytokine signaling networks may uncover potentially novel targeted therapeutic approaches. This review mainly summarizes the current findings on the role of individual SDCs in disease processes, mechanisms through which SDCs mediate their biological functions, and the possibility of targeting SDCs as future potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon A Agere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, Washington
| | - Eugene Y Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, Washington
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, Washington
| | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, Washington.,Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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11
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Wang Y, Guo A, Liang X, Li M, Shi M, Li Y, Jenkins G, Lin X, Wei X, Jia Z, Feng X, Su D, Guo W. HRD1 sensitizes breast cancer cells to Tamoxifen by promoting S100A8 degradation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23564-23574. [PMID: 28423597 PMCID: PMC5410327 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha positive (ER+) of breast cancer could develop resistance to antiestrogens including Tamoxifen. Our previous study showed that the E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1 played an important role in anti-breast cancer. However, its role in chemotherapy resistance hasn't been reported. In this study, we found that HRD1 expression was downregulated in Tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell line MCF7/Tam compared to the Tamoxifen sensitive cell line MCF7. Moreover, S100A8 is the direct target of HRD1 by proteome analysis. Our data showed that HRD1 decreased the protein level of S100A8 through ubiquitination while HRD1 was regulated by acetylation of histone. More importantly, HRD1 knockdown significantly increased the cell survival of MCF7 cells to the Tamoxifen treatment. HRD1 overexpression sensitized MCF7/Tam cells to the Tamoxifen treatment in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, the decrease of HRD1 expression contributed to Tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanYang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - AiBin Guo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - XiuBin Liang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Center of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gareth Jenkins
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Post and Telecommunication, Nanjing, China
| | - XiaWen Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - XueFei Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - ZhiJun Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - XueFeng Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - DongMing Su
- Center of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - WanHua Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Thorsheim K, Clementson S, Tykesson E, Bengtsson D, Strand D, Ellervik U. Hydroxylated oxanes as xyloside analogs for determination of the minimal binding requirements of β4GalT7. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Cheng F, Belting M, Fransson LÅ, Mani K. Nucleolin is a nuclear target of heparan sulfate derived from glypican-1. Exp Cell Res 2017; 354:31-39. [PMID: 28300561 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The recycling, S-nitrosylated heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan glypican-1 releases anhydromannose (anMan)-containing HS chains by a nitrosothiol-catalyzed cleavage in endosomes that can be constitutive or induced by ascorbate. The HS-anMan chains are then transported to the nucleus. A specific nuclear target for HS-anMan has not been identified. We have monitored endosome-to-nucleus trafficking of HS-anMan by deconvolution and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy using an anMan-specific monoclonal antibody in non-growing, ascorbate-treated, and growing, untreated, wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts and hypoxia-exposed Alzheimer mouse Tg2576 fibroblasts and human U87 glioblastoma cells. In all cells, nuclear HS-anMan targeted a limited number of sites of variable size where it colocalized with DNA and nucleolin, an established marker for nucleoli. HS-anMan also colocalized with ethynyl uridine-tagged nascent RNA and two acetylated forms of histone H3. Acute hypoxia increased the formation of HS-anMan in both Tg2576 and U87 cells. A portion of HS-anMan colocalized with nucleolin at small discrete sites, while most of the nucleolin and nascent RNA was dispersed. In U87 cells, HS-anMan, nucleolin and nascent RNA reassembled after prolonged hypoxia. Nucleolar HS may modulate synthesis and/or release of rRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Division of Neuroscience, Glycobiology Group, Lund University, Biomedical Center A13, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars-Åke Fransson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Division of Neuroscience, Glycobiology Group, Lund University, Biomedical Center A13, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Katrin Mani
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Division of Neuroscience, Glycobiology Group, Lund University, Biomedical Center A13, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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14
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Chatron-Colliet A, Brusa C, Bertin-Jung I, Gulberti S, Ramalanjaona N, Fournel-Gigleux S, Brézillon S, Muzard M, Plantier-Royon R, Rémond C, Wegrowski Y. 'Click'-xylosides as initiators of the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans: Comparison of mono-xylosides with xylobiosides. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 89:319-326. [PMID: 27618481 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Different mono-xylosides and their corresponding xylobiosides obtained by a chemo-enzymatic approach featuring various substituents attached to a triazole ring were probed as priming agents for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) biosynthesis in the xylosyltransferase-deficient pgsA-745 Chinese hamster ovary cell line. Xylosides containing a hydrophobic aglycone moiety were the most efficient priming agents. Mono-xylosides induced higher GAG biosynthesis in comparison with their corresponding xylobiosides. The influence of the degree of polymerization of the carbohydrate part on the priming activity was investigated through different experiments. We demonstrated that in case of mono-xylosides, the cellular uptake as well as the affinity and the catalytic efficiency of β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 7 were higher than for xylobiosides. Altogether, these results indicate that hydrophobicity of the aglycone and degree of polymerization of glycone moiety were critical factors for an optimal priming activity for GAG biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Chatron-Colliet
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, UFR de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, UFR de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Charlotte Brusa
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), CNRS UMR 7312, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims Cedex 2, France
- UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims Cedex, France
- UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, INRA, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Bertin-Jung
- MolCelTEG Team and Glyco-Fluo platform (UMR 7365 and FR3209) Biopôle - Faculté de Médecine, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Gulberti
- MolCelTEG Team and Glyco-Fluo platform (UMR 7365 and FR3209) Biopôle - Faculté de Médecine, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Nick Ramalanjaona
- MolCelTEG Team and Glyco-Fluo platform (UMR 7365 and FR3209) Biopôle - Faculté de Médecine, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Fournel-Gigleux
- MolCelTEG Team and Glyco-Fluo platform (UMR 7365 and FR3209) Biopôle - Faculté de Médecine, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, UFR de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, UFR de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Murielle Muzard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), CNRS UMR 7312, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Richard Plantier-Royon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), CNRS UMR 7312, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Caroline Rémond
- UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims Cedex, France
- UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, INRA, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Yanusz Wegrowski
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, UFR de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, UFR de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims Cedex, France
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15
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Persson A, Tykesson E, Westergren-Thorsson G, Malmström A, Ellervik U, Mani K. Xyloside-primed Chondroitin Sulfate/Dermatan Sulfate from Breast Carcinoma Cells with a Defined Disaccharide Composition Has Cytotoxic Effects in Vitro. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14871-82. [PMID: 27226567 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.716829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the xyloside 2-(6-hydroxynaphthyl) β-d-xylopyranoside (XylNapOH), in contrast to 2-naphthyl β-d-xylopyranoside (XylNap), specifically reduces tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo Although there are indications that this could be mediated by the xyloside-primed glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and that these differ in composition depending on xyloside and cell type, detailed knowledge regarding a structure-function relationship is lacking. In this study we isolated XylNapOH- and XylNap-primed GAGs from a breast carcinoma cell line, HCC70, and a breast fibroblast cell line, CCD-1095Sk, and demonstrated that both XylNapOH- and XylNap-primed chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate GAGs derived from HCC70 cells had a cytotoxic effect on HCC70 cells and CCD-1095Sk cells. The cytotoxic effect appeared to be mediated by induction of apoptosis and was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by the XylNap-primed heparan sulfate GAGs. In contrast, neither the chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate nor the heparan sulfate derived from CCD-1095Sk cells primed on XylNapOH or XylNap had any effect on the growth of HCC70 cells or CCD-105Sk cells. These observations were related to the disaccharide composition of the XylNapOH- and XylNap-primed GAGs, which differed between the two cell lines but was similar when the GAGs were derived from the same cell line. To our knowledge this is the first report on cytotoxic effects mediated by chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emil Tykesson
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science and
| | | | | | - Ulf Ellervik
- the Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Katrin Mani
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science and
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16
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Disubstituted naphthyl β-D-xylopyranosides: Synthesis, GAG priming, and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibition. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:245-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Thorsheim K, Siegbahn A, Johnsson RE, Stålbrand H, Manner S, Widmalm G, Ellervik U. Chemistry of xylopyranosides. Carbohydr Res 2015; 418:65-88. [PMID: 26580709 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Xylose is one of the few monosaccharidic building blocks that are used by mammalian cells. In comparison with other monosaccharides, xylose is rather unusual and, so far, only found in two different mammalian structures, i.e. in the Notch receptor and as the linker between protein and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains in proteoglycans. Interestingly, simple soluble xylopyranosides can not only initiate the biosynthesis of soluble GAG chains but also function as inhibitors of important enzymes in the biosynthesis of proteoglycans. Furthermore, xylose is a major constituent of hemicellulosic xylans and thus one of the most abundant carbohydrates on Earth. Altogether, this has spurred a strong interest in xylose chemistry. The scope of this review is to describe synthesis of xylopyranosyl donors, as well as protective group chemistry, modifications, and conformational analysis of xylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Thorsheim
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Siegbahn
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Richard E Johnsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Stålbrand
- Centre for Molecular Protein Science, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sophie Manner
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ellervik
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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18
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Siegbahn A, Thorsheim K, Ståhle J, Manner S, Hamark C, Persson A, Tykesson E, Mani K, Westergren-Thorsson G, Widmalm G, Ellervik U. Exploration of the active site of β4GalT7: modifications of the aglycon of aromatic xylosides. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3351-62. [PMID: 25655827 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02632b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) are macromolecules that consist of long linear polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, covalently attached to a core protein by the carbohydrate xylose. The biosynthesis of GAG chains is initiated by xylosylation of the core protein followed by galactosylation by the galactosyltransferase β4GalT7. Some β-d-xylosides, such as 2-naphthyl β-d-xylopyranoside, can induce GAG synthesis by serving as acceptor substrates for β4GalT7 and by that also compete with the GAG synthesis on core proteins. Here we present structure-activity relationships for β4GalT7 and xylosides with modifications of the aromatic aglycon, using enzymatic assays, cell studies, and molecular docking simulations. The results show that the aglycons reside on the outside of the active site of the enzyme and that quite bulky aglycons are accepted. By separating the aromatic aglycon from the xylose moiety by linkers, a trend towards increased galactosylation with increased linker length is observed. The galactosylation is influenced by the identity and position of substituents in the aromatic framework, and generally, only xylosides with β-glycosidic linkages function as good substrates for β4GalT7. We also show that the galactosylation ability of a xyloside is increased by replacing the anomeric oxygen with sulfur, but decreased by replacing it with carbon. Finally, we propose that reaction kinetics of galactosylation by β4GalT7 is dependent on subtle differences in orientation of the xylose moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Siegbahn
- Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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19
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Brusa C, Muzard M, Rémond C, Plantier-Royon R. β-Xylopyranosides: synthesis and applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, β-xylopyranosides have attracted interest due to the development of biomass-derived molecules. This review focuses on general routes for the preparation of β-xylopyranosides by chemical and enzymatic pathways and their main uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Brusa
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR)
- CNRS UMR 7312
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles
- F-51687 Reims Cedex 2
| | - Murielle Muzard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR)
- CNRS UMR 7312
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles
- F-51687 Reims Cedex 2
| | - Caroline Rémond
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- UMR 614
- Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement
- France
- INRA
| | - Richard Plantier-Royon
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR)
- CNRS UMR 7312
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles
- F-51687 Reims Cedex 2
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20
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Kovalszky I, Hjerpe A, Dobra K. Nuclear translocation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans and their functional significance. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2491-7. [PMID: 24780644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are important constituents of the cell membrane and they act as co-receptors for cellular signaling. Syndecan-1, glypican and perlecan also translocate to the nucleus in a regulated manner. Similar nuclear transport of growth factors and heparanase indicate a possible co-regulation and functional significance. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review we dissect the structural requirement for the nuclear translocation of HSPGs and their functional implications.s MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The functions of the nuclear HSPGs are still incompletely understood. Evidence point to possible functions in hampering cell proliferation, inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I activity and inhibition of gene transcription. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE HSPGs influence the behavior of malignant tumors in many different ways. Modulating their functions may offer powerful tools to control fundamental biological processes and provide the basis for subsequent targeted therapies in cancer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Matrix-mediated cell behaviour and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kovalszky
- First Department of Pathology & Experimental Cancer Research Semmelweis University, Üllői street 26, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Anders Hjerpe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital F46, SE-141 86 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Katalin Dobra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital F46, SE-141 86 Stockholm Sweden.
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21
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Rönnols J, Manner S, Siegbahn A, Ellervik U, Widmalm G. Exploration of conformational flexibility and hydrogen bonding of xylosides in different solvents, as a model system for enzyme active site interactions. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 11:5465-72. [PMID: 23857412 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40991k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The predominantly populated conformation of carbohydrates in solution does not necessarily represent the biologically active species; rather, any conformer accessible without too large an energy penalty may be present in a biological pathway. Thus, the conformational preferences of a naphthyl xyloside, which initiates in vivo synthesis of antiproliferative glycosaminoglycans, have been studied by using NMR spectroscopy in a variety of solvents. Equilibria comprising the conformations (4)C1, (2)SO and (1)C4 were found, with a strong dependence on the hydrogen bonding ability of the solvent. Studies of fluorinated analogues revealed a direct hydrogen bond from the hydroxyl group at C2 to the fluorine atom at C4 by a (1h)JF4,HO2 coupling. Hydrogen bond directionality was further established via comparisons of fluorinated levoglucosan molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerk Rönnols
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Brusa C, Ochs M, Rémond C, Muzard M, Plantier-Royon R. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of “click” xylosides and xylobiosides from lignocellulosic biomass. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46173d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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23
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Stewart MD, Sanderson RD. Heparan sulfate in the nucleus and its control of cellular functions. Matrix Biol 2013; 35:56-9. [PMID: 24309018 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) are present on the cell surface, within the extracellular matrix, and as soluble molecules in tissues and blood. HSPGs are known to regulate a wide range of cellular functions predominantly by serving as co-receptors for growth factors, chemokines, and other regulatory proteins that control inflammation, wound healing and tumorigenesis. Several studies have demonstrated the presence of heparan sulfate (HS) or HSPGs in the cell nucleus, but little attention has been focused on their role there. However, evidence is mounting that nuclear HS and HSPGs have important regulatory functions that impact the cell cycle, proliferation, transcription and transport of cargo to the nucleus. The discovery of proteoglycans in the nucleus extends the list of "non-traditional nuclear proteins" that includes, for example, cytoskeletal proteins such as actin and tubulin, and growth factors and their receptors. In this review we discuss the discovery and fascinating roles of HS and HSPGs in the nucleus and propose a number of key questions that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Stewart
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ralph D Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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24
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Cheng F, Ruscher K, Fransson LÅ, Mani K. Non-toxic amyloid beta formed in the presence of glypican-1 or its deaminatively generated heparan sulfate degradation products. Glycobiology 2013; 23:1510-9. [PMID: 24026238 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides (mainly Aβ40 and Aβ42), which are derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), can oligomerize into antibody A11-positive, neurotoxic species, believed to be involved in Alzheimer's disease. Interestingly, APP binds strongly to the heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan (PG) glypican-1 (Gpc-1) in vitro and both proteins are colocalized inside cells. In endosomes, APP is proteolytically processed to yield Aβ peptides. The HS chains of S-nitrosylated (SNO) Gpc-1 PG are cleaved into anhydromannose (anMan)-containing di- and oligosaccharides by an NO-dependent reaction in the same compartments. Here, we have studied the toxicity of oligomers/aggregates of Aβ40 and Aβ42, as well as Aβ40/42 mixtures that were formed in the presence of immobilized Gpc-1 PG or immobilized HS oligosaccharides. Afterwards, Aβ was displaced from the matrices, analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and assayed for A11 immunoreactivity, for effects on growth of mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells and for membrane leakage in rat cortical neurons. HS generally promoted and accelerated Aβ multimerization into oligomers as well as larger aggregates that were mostly A11 positive and showed toxic effects. However, non-toxic Aβ was formed in the presence of Gpc-1 PG or when anMan-containing HS degradation products were simultaneously generated. Both toxic and non-toxic Aβ peptides were taken up by the cells but toxic forms appeared to enter the nuclei to a larger extent. The protection afforded by the presence of HS degradation products may reflect a normal intracellular function for the Aβ peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Division of Neuroscience, Glycobiology Group
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25
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Ferro V. Heparan sulfate inhibitors and their therapeutic implications in inflammatory illnesses. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:965-75. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.811491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Holmqvist K, Persson A, Johnsson R, Löfgren J, Mani K, Ellervik U. Synthesis and biology of oligoethylene glycol linked naphthoxylosides. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3310-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Ramani VC, Purushothaman A, Stewart MD, Thompson CA, Vlodavsky I, Au JLS, Sanderson RD. The heparanase/syndecan-1 axis in cancer: mechanisms and therapies. FEBS J 2013; 280:2294-306. [PMID: 23374281 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase is an endoglucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulfate chains of proteoglycans. In many malignancies, high heparanase expression and activity correlate with an aggressive tumour phenotype. A major consequence of heparanase action in cancer is a robust up-regulation of growth factor expression and increased shedding of syndecan-1 (a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan). Substantial evidence indicates that heparanase and syndecan-1 work together to drive growth factor signalling and regulate cell behaviours that enhance tumour growth, dissemination, angiogenesis and osteolysis. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that therapies targeting the heparanase/syndecan-1 axis hold promise for blocking the aggressive behaviour of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu C Ramani
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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28
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Raman K, Mencio C, Desai UR, Kuberan B. Sulfation patterns determine cellular internalization of heparin-like polysaccharides. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1442-9. [PMID: 23398560 DOI: 10.1021/mp300679a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heparin is a highly sulfated polysaccharide that serves biologically relevant roles as an anticoagulant and anticancer agent. While it is well-known that modification of heparin's sulfation pattern can drastically influence its ability to bind growth factors and other extracellular molecules, very little is known about the cellular uptake of heparin and the role sulfation patterns serve in affecting its internalization. In this study, we chemically synthesized several fluorescently labeled heparins consisting of a variety of sulfation patterns. These polysaccharides were thoroughly characterized using anion exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. Subsequently, we utilized flow cytometry and confocal imaging to show that sulfation patterns differentially affect the amount of heparin uptake in multiple cell types. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the effect of sulfation pattern on the cellular internalization of heparin or heparan sulfate like polysaccharides. The results of this study expand current knowledge regarding heparin internalization and provide insights into developing more effective heparin-based drug conjugates for applications in intracellular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Raman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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29
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Breton C, Fournel-Gigleux S, Palcic MM. Recent structures, evolution and mechanisms of glycosyltransferases. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2012; 22:540-9. [PMID: 22819665 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular glycome assembly requires the coordinated action of a large number of glycosyltransferases that catalyse the transfer of a sugar residue from a donor to specific acceptor molecules. This enzyme family is very ancient, encompassing all three domains of life. There has been considerable recent progress in structural glycobiology with the determination of crystal structures of several important glycosyltransferase members, showing novel folds and variations around a common α/β scaffold. Structural, kinetic and inhibitor data have led to the emergence of various scenarios with respect to their evolutionary history and reaction mechanisms thus highlighting the different solutions that nature has selected to catalyse glycosyl transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Breton
- CERMAV-CNRS, University of Grenoble 1, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble, France.
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30
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Johnsson R. Tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl as a versatile protecting group for pentopyranosides. Carbohydr Res 2012; 353:92-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Purushothaman A, Hurst DR, Pisano C, Mizumoto S, Sugahara K, Sanderson RD. Heparanase-mediated loss of nuclear syndecan-1 enhances histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity to promote expression of genes that drive an aggressive tumor phenotype. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:30377-30383. [PMID: 21757697 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.254789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase acts as a master regulator of the aggressive tumor phenotype in part by enhancing expression of proteins known to drive tumor progression (e.g. VEGF, MMP-9, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and RANKL). However, the mechanism whereby this enzyme regulates gene expression remains unknown. We previously reported that elevation of heparanase levels in myeloma cells causes a dramatic reduction in the amount of syndecan-1 in the nucleus. Because syndecan-1 has heparan sulfate chains and because exogenous heparan sulfate has been shown to inhibit the activity of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) enzymes in vitro, we hypothesized that the reduction in nuclear syndecan-1 in cells expressing high levels of heparanase would result in increased HAT activity leading to stimulation of protein transcription. We found that myeloma cells or tumors expressing high levels of heparanase and low levels of nuclear syndecan-1 had significantly higher levels of HAT activity when compared with cells or tumors expressing low levels of heparanase. High levels of HAT activity in heparanase-high cells were blocked by SST0001, an inhibitor of heparanase. Restoration of high syndecan-1 levels in heparanase-high cells diminished nuclear HAT activity, establishing syndecan-1 as a potent inhibitor of HAT. Exposure of heparanase-high cells to anacardic acid, an inhibitor of HAT activity, significantly suppressed their expression of VEGF and MMP-9, two genes known to be up-regulated following elevation of heparanase. These results reveal a novel mechanistic pathway driven by heparanase expression, which leads to decreased nuclear syndecan-1, increased HAT activity, and up-regulation of transcription of multiple genes that drive an aggressive tumor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Purushothaman
- Department of Pathology, Center for Metabolic Bone Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Douglas R Hurst
- Department of Pathology, Center for Metabolic Bone Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Claudio Pisano
- sigma-tau Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.p.A., Pomezia 00040, Italy
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Post-genomic Science and Technology, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Post-genomic Science and Technology, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ralph D Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, Center for Metabolic Bone Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.
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32
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Siegbahn A, Aili U, Ochocinska A, Olofsson M, Rönnols J, Mani K, Widmalm G, Ellervik U. Synthesis, conformation and biology of naphthoxylosides. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4114-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Ochocinska A, Siegbahn A, Ellervik U. HCl/DMF for enhanced chemoselectivity in catalytic hydrogenolysis reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.07.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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