1
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Ghaemi A, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM, Vakili-Azghandi M, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Robust aptamer-targeted CRISPR/Cas9 delivery using mesenchymal stem cell membrane -liposome hybrid: BIRC5 gene knockout against melanoma. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 62:102778. [PMID: 39127174 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a platform was fabricated by combining a cationic lipid, 1,2-Dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) with mesenchymal stem cell membrane (MSCM) to produce a positively charged hybrid vesicle. The prepared hybrid vesicle was used to condense BIRC5 CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid for survivin (BIRC5) gene editing. The Sgc8-c aptamer (against protein tyrosine kinase 7) was then attached to the surface of the prepared NPs through electrostatic interactions. In this regard, melanoma cancer cells (B16F0 cell line) overexpressing PTK7 receptor could be targeted. Investigations were conducted on this system to evaluate its transfection efficiency, cellular toxicity, and therapeutic performance in preclinical stage using B16F0 tumor bearing C57BL/6 J mice. The results verified the superiority of the Hybrid/ BIRC5 compared to Liposome/ BIRC5 in terms of cellular toxicity and transfection efficiency. The cells exposure to Hybrid/BIRC5 significantly enhanced cytotoxicity. Moreover, cells treated with Apt-Hybrid/BIRC5 showed higher anti-proliferation activity toward PTK7-positive B16F0 cancer cells than that of the PKT7-negative CHO cell line. The active tumor targeting nanoparticles increased the cytotoxicity through down-regulation of BIRC5 expression as confirmed by Western blot analysis. In preclinical stage, Apt-Hybrid/BIRC5 showed remarkable tumor growth suppression toward B16F0 tumorized mice. Thus, our study suggested that genome editing for BIRC5 through the CRISPR/Cas9 system could provide a potentially safe approach for melanoma cancer therapy and has great potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ghaemi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Vakili-Azghandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Alkaabi D, Arafat K, Sulaiman S, Al-Azawi AM, Attoub S. PD-1 Independent Role of PD-L1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076420. [PMID: 37047395 PMCID: PMC10094894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast malignancy characterized by a high proliferative rate and metastatic potential leading to treatment failure, relapse, and poor prognosis. Therefore, efforts are continuously being devoted to understanding its biology and identifying new potential targets. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immunosuppressive protein that inactivates T cells by binding to the inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1). PD-L1 overexpression in cancer cells contributes to immune evasion and, subsequently, poor survival and prognosis in several cancers, including breast cancer. Apart from its inhibitory impact on T cells, this ligand is believed to have an intrinsic role in cancer cells. This study was performed to clarify the PD-1 independent role of PD-L1 in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells by knocking out the PD-L1 using three designs of CRISPR-Cas9 lentiviral particles. Our study revealed that PD-L1 knockout significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro and tumor growth in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model in vivo. PD-L1 knockout also decreased the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro. We have shown that PD-L1 knockout MDA-MB-231 cells have low levels of p-Akt and p-ERK in addition to some of their downstream proteins, c-Fos, c-Myc, p21, survivin, and COX-2. Furthermore, PD-L1 knockout significantly decreased the expression of Snail and RhoA. This study shows the intrinsic role of PD-L1 in TNBC independently of its binding to PD-1 receptors on T cells. It may pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies using PD-L1 inhibitors alone and in combination to treat TNBC more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Alkaabi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kholoud Arafat
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shahrazad Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aya Mudhafar Al-Azawi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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3
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Deng C, Hu F, Zhao Z, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Zhang T, Li S, Zheng W, Zhang W, Wang T, Ma X. The Establishment of Quantitatively Regulating Expression Cassette with sgRNA Targeting BIRC5 to Elucidate the Synergistic Pathway of Survivin with P-Glycoprotein in Cancer Multi-Drug Resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:797005. [PMID: 35047507 PMCID: PMC8762277 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.797005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analysis and regulating gene expression in cancer cells is an innovative method to study key genes in tumors, which conduces to analyze the biological function of the specific gene. In this study, we found the expression levels of Survivin protein (BIRC5) and P-glycoprotein (MDR1) in MCF-7/doxorubicin (DOX) cells (drug-resistant cells) were significantly higher than MCF-7 cells (wild-type cells). In order to explore the specific functions of BIRC5 gene in multi-drug resistance (MDR), a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knocking-in tetracycline (Tet)-off regulatory system cell line was established, which enabled us to regulate the expression levels of Survivin quantitatively (clone 8 named MCF-7/Survivin was selected for further studies). Subsequently, the determination results of doxycycline-induced DOX efflux in MCF-7/Survivin cells implied that Survivin expression level was opposite to DOX accumulation in the cells. For example, when Survivin expression was down-regulated, DOX accumulation inside the MCF-7/Survivin cells was up-regulated, inducing strong apoptosis of cells (reversal index 118.07) by weakening the release of intracellular drug from MCF-7/Survivin cells. Also, down-regulation of Survivin resulted in reduced phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR in MCF-7/Survivin cells and significantly decreased P-gp expression. Previous studies had shown that PI3K/Akt/mTOR could regulate P-gp expression. Therefore, we speculated that Survivin might affect the expression of P-gp through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. In summary, this quantitative method is not only valuable for studying the gene itself, but also can better analyze the biological phenomena related to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fabiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyun Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- Center of Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Tianwen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xingyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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4
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Hoshino A, Nakayama C, Jiang SX, Sakurai Y, Kato T, Numata Y, Umezawa A, Ichinoe M, Murakumo Y. Upregulation of REV7 correlates with progression of malignant melanoma. Pathol Int 2022; 72:14-24. [PMID: 34637584 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
REV7 is a multifunctional protein implicated in DNA damage tolerance, cell cycle control, and gene expression, and is involved in the carcinogenesis of various human tumors. It has been reported that REV7 expression is associated with ultraviolet-induced mutagenesis; however, the role of REV7 expression in skin cancers, including malignant melanomas, remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the clinical and biological significance of REV7 in malignant melanoma. Levels of REV7 expression in human skin cancers were evaluated immunohistochemically. Positive expression of REV7 was frequently observed in malignant melanomas, as well as in squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas. Enhanced immunoreactivity to REV7 was closely linked with cell proliferation assessed by Ki-67 labeling indexes in the three skin cancers, and was related with tumor thickness in malignant melanomas. REV7 depletion in malignant melanoma cells MEWO and G361 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities. REV7 depletion also affected the expression of intracellular signaling molecules AKT and ERK in MEWO cells, resulting in downregulation of ERK signal activation. In addition, REV7 depletion facilitated sensitivity to cisplatin, but not to dacarbazine, in MEWO cells. Our results suggest that REV7 expression correlates with disease progression of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Hoshino
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chika Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shi-Xu Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Sakurai
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Numata
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsuko Umezawa
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ichinoe
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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5
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Zhang L, Ma S, Wei P, Zhao Y, Mu Y, Wu J, Jing W, Zhao B, Deng J, Liu Z. Small Intestinal Submucosa Membrane Modified by Fusion Peptide-Mediated Extracellular Vesicles to Promote Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101298. [PMID: 34569179 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue injury, which often occurs in daily life, remains challenging in clinical medicine. Developing a novel biomaterial with the capability to provide an ideal microenvironment and homeostasis around the wound is highly desirable for effective tissue regenerative medicine. The small intestinal submucosa (SIS) membrane possesses a precise spatial structure with excellent biocompatibility. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can achieve rapid cell proliferation and migration with little immune response by creating a satisfactory microenvironment. In this study, fusion peptide-mediated EVs are able to modify the surface of the SIS membrane via specific combination. In vitro studies prove that modified SIS membranes can promote cell migration and spreading. This phenomenon may be because of the activation of TEADs, which regulate cell behavior. By constructing a rat abdominal wall defect model, it is further demonstrated that the modified SIS membrane is more conducive to tissue regeneration. Collectively, these results suggest that SIS membranes modified by fusion peptide-mediated EVs achieve excellent biofunction and provide promising prospects for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University 12 Observatory Road Tianjin 300000 China
| | - Shiqing Ma
- School and Hospital of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University 12 Observatory Road Tianjin 300000 China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd No. 6 Plant West, Valley No. 1 Bio‐medicine Industry Park Beijing 102600 China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University 12 Observatory Road Tianjin 300000 China
| | - Yuzhu Mu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University 12 Observatory Road Tianjin 300000 China
| | - Jinzhe Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University 12 Observatory Road Tianjin 300000 China
| | - Wei Jing
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd No. 6 Plant West, Valley No. 1 Bio‐medicine Industry Park Beijing 102600 China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd No. 6 Plant West, Valley No. 1 Bio‐medicine Industry Park Beijing 102600 China
| | - Jiayin Deng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University 12 Observatory Road Tianjin 300000 China
| | - Zihao Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University 12 Observatory Road Tianjin 300000 China
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6
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Puskas R, Bikov A, Horvath P, Lazar Z, Kunos L, Nagy R, Pinter G, Galffy G. Circulating Survivin Protein Levels in Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Platinum-Based Chemotherapy. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:631969. [PMID: 34257598 PMCID: PMC8262151 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.631969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The survivin protein contributes to the development and progression of tumors. Protein expression and mRNA levels correlate with clinicopathological parameters and survival of cancer patients. Our purpose was to evaluate whether circulating survivin levels have any diagnostic or predictive value in lung cancer. 118 patients with advanced stage lung cancer participated in our study. 53 suffered from adenocarcinoma (ADC), 33 from squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC), and 32 from small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We also enrolled 21 control subjects. Blood samples were collected before and after two cycles of chemotherapy. We measured survivin concentrations with ELISA. Non-parametric tests were used for analysis. We did not find significant difference in survivin levels between patients and control subjects (17.19/0–829.74/vs. 49.13/0–165.92/pg/ml; p = 0.07). We found lower survivin concentrations in patients with SqCC (0/0–171.24/pg/ml) than in those with ADC (24.94/0–626.46 pg/ml) and SCLC (45.51/0–829.74/pg/ml) (ADC vs. SqCC p < 0.0001, ADC vs. SCLC p = 0.0405, SqCC vs. SCLC p < 0.0001). Survivin levels were higher in stage IV patients than in patients without distant metastases (p = 0.0061), and concentrations were progressively higher with increasing number of metastatic organ sites (p = 0.04). We observed a decrease in survivin levels in ADC patients after platinum plus pemetrexed chemotherapy (26.22/0–626.46/pg/ml before vs. 0/0–114.36/pg/ml after; p = 0.01). Neither progression-free nor overall survival correlated with survivin levels at baseline. Our data imply that survivin may be involved in the development of metastases and it might be used as a biomarker of disease progression. However, circulating survivin concentrations do not predict survival of patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Puskas
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Törökbálint Pulmonology Hospital, Törökbálint, Hungary
| | - Andras Bikov
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT), Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Horvath
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Lazar
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Kunos
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Törökbálint Pulmonology Hospital, Törökbálint, Hungary
| | - Reka Nagy
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Gabriella Galffy
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Törökbálint Pulmonology Hospital, Törökbálint, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Yu P, Li AX, Chen XS, Tian M, Wang HY, Wang XL, Zhang Y, Wang KS, Cheng Y. PKM2-c-Myc-Survivin Cascade Regulates the Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:550469. [PMID: 33013387 PMCID: PMC7506054 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.550469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2), as a key glycolytic enzyme, plays important roles in tumorigenesis and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. However, the intricate mechanism of PKM2 as a protein kinase regulating breast cancer progression and tamoxifen resistance needs to be further clarified. Here, we reported that PKM2 controls the expression of survivin by phosphorylating c-Myc at Ser-62. Functionally, PKM2 knockdown suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation and migration, which could be rescued by overexpression of survivin. Interestingly, we found that the level of PKM2 expression was upregulated in the tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells MCF-7/TAMR, and knockdown of PKM2 sensitized the cells to 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OH-T). In addition, the elevated level of PKM2 correlates with poor relapse-free survival in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Overall, our findings demonstrated that PKM2–c-Myc–survivin cascade regulated the proliferation, migration and tamoxifen resistance of breast cancer cells, suggesting that PKM2 represents a novel prognostic marker and an attractive target for breast cancer therapeutics, and that PKM2 inhibitor combined with tamoxifen may be a promising strategy to reverse tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pian Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ao-Xue Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi-Sha Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Luan Wang
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kuan-Song Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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8
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Higgins G, Peres J, Abdalrahman T, Zaman MH, Lang DM, Prince S, Franz T. Cytoskeletal tubulin competes with actin to increase deformability of metastatic melanoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2020; 394:112154. [PMID: 32598874 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The formation of membrane protrusions during migration is reliant upon the cells' cytoskeletal structure and stiffness. It has been reported that actin disruption blocks protrusion and decreases cell stiffness whereas microtubule disruption blocks protrusion but increases stiffness in several cell types. In melanoma, cell migration is of concern as this cancer spreads unusually rapidly during early tumour development. The aim of this study was to characterise motility, structural properties and stiffness of human melanoma cells at radial growth phase (RGP), vertical growth phase (VGP), and metastatic stage (MET) in two-dimensional in vitro environments. Wound assays, western blotting and mitochondrial particle tracking were used to assess cell migration, cytoskeletal content and intracellular fluidity. Our results indicate that cell motility increase with increasing disease stage. Despite their different motility, RGP and VGP cells exhibit similar fluidity, actin and tubulin levels. MET cells, however, display increased fluidity which was associated with increased actin and tubulin content. Our findings demonstrate an interplay between actin and microtubule activity and their role in increasing motility of cells while minimizing cell stiffness at advanced disease stage. In earlier disease stages, cell stiffness may however not serve as an indicator of migratory capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghodeejah Higgins
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jade Peres
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tamer Abdalrahman
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muhammad H Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston University, USA
| | - Dirk M Lang
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas Franz
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Bioengineering Science Research Group, Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, UK.
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9
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Latifkar A, Ling L, Hingorani A, Johansen E, Clement A, Zhang X, Hartman J, Fischbach C, Lin H, Cerione RA, Antonyak MA. Loss of Sirtuin 1 Alters the Secretome of Breast Cancer Cells by Impairing Lysosomal Integrity. Dev Cell 2019; 49:393-408.e7. [PMID: 30982660 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is down-regulated in triple-negative breast cancer. To determine the mechanistic basis by which reduced SIRT1 expression influences processes related to certain aggressive cancers, we examined the consequences of depleting breast cancer cells of SIRT1. We discovered that reducing SIRT1 levels decreased the expression of one particular subunit of the vacuolar-type H+ ATPase (V-ATPase), which is responsible for proper lysosomal acidification and protein degradation. This impairment in lysosomal function caused a reduction in the number of multi-vesicular bodies (MVBs) targeted for lysosomal degradation and resulted in larger MVBs prior to their fusing with the plasma membrane to release their contents. Collectively, these findings help explain how reduced SIRT1 expression, by disrupting lysosomal function and generating a secretome comprising exosomes with unique cargo and soluble hydrolases that degrade the extracellular matrix, can promote processes that increase breast-cancer-cell survival and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Latifkar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lu Ling
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Amrit Hingorani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Eric Johansen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Amdiel Clement
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - John Hartman
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Marc A Antonyak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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10
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Mishra H, Mishra PK, Iqbal Z, Jaggi M, Madaan A, Bhuyan K, Gupta N, Gupta N, Vats K, Verma R, Talegaonkar S. Co-Delivery of Eugenol and Dacarbazine by Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Liposomes for Targeted Inhibition of Survivin in Treatment of Resistant Metastatic Melanoma. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E163. [PMID: 30987266 PMCID: PMC6523131 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While melanoma remains a challenge for oncologists, possibilities are being continuously explored to fight resistant metastatic melanoma more effectively. Eugenol is reported to inhibit survivin protein in breast cancer cells. Survivin is also overexpressed by melanoma cells, and is known to impart resistance to them against chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. To be able to fight resistant melanoma, we formulated hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated liposomes loaded with an effective combination of anti-melanoma agents (Dacarbazine and Eugenol), using a solvent injection method. Quality-by-Design (QbD) was applied to optimize and obtain a final formulation with the desired quality attributes, and within an acceptable size range. The optimized formulation was then subjected to performance analysis in cell lines. Coated-Dacarbazine Eugenol Liposomes were found to possess 95.08% cytotoxicity at a dacarbazine concentration of 0.5 µg/mL, while Dacarbazine Solution showed only 10.20% cytotoxicity at the same concentration. The number of late apoptotic cells was also found to be much higher (45.16% vs. 8.43%). Furthermore, migration assay and proliferation study also revealed significantly higher inhibition of cell migration and proliferation by Coated-Dacarbazine Eugenol Liposomes, signifying its potential against metastasis. Thus, surface-functionalized dacarbazine- and eugenol-loaded liposomes hold great promise against resistant and aggressive metastatic melanoma, with much less unwanted cytotoxicity and reduced doses of the chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Mishra
- Departmant of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Pawan Kumar Mishra
- Department of Wood Processing, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Departmant of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Manu Jaggi
- Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad 201010, India.
| | - Alka Madaan
- Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad 201010, India.
| | - Kimi Bhuyan
- Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad 201010, India.
| | - Namita Gupta
- Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad 201010, India.
| | - Neha Gupta
- Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad 201010, India.
| | - Karnika Vats
- Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad 201010, India.
| | - Ritu Verma
- Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad 201010, India.
| | - Sushama Talegaonkar
- Departmant of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India.
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11
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Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family comprises a group of endogenous proteins that function as main regulators of caspase activity and cell death. They are considered the main culprits in evasion of apoptosis, which is a fundamental hallmark of carcinogenesis. Overexpression of IAP proteins has been documented in various solid and hematological malignancies, rendering them resistant to standard chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy and conferring poor prognosis. This observation has urged their exploitation as therapeutic targets in cancer with promising pre-clinical outcomes. This review describes the structural and functional features of IAP proteins to elucidate the mechanism of their anti-apoptotic activity. We also provide an update on patterns of IAP expression in different tumors, their impact on treatment response and prognosis, as well as the emerging investigational drugs targeting them. This aims at shedding the light on the advances in IAP targeting achieved to date, and encourage further development of clinically applicable therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat S Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Speciality, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
- , Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mai K Bishr
- Department of Radiotherapy, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fahad M Almutairi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat G Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, El Sahel Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Kumar D, Rahman H, Tyagi E, Liu T, Li C, Lu R, Lum D, Holmen SL, Maschek JA, Cox JE, VanBrocklin MW, Grossman D. Aspirin Suppresses PGE 2 and Activates AMP Kinase to Inhibit Melanoma Cell Motility, Pigmentation, and Selective Tumor Growth In Vivo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:629-642. [PMID: 30021726 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There are conflicting epidemiologic data on whether chronic aspirin (ASA) use may reduce melanoma risk in humans. Potential anticancer effects of ASA may be mediated by its ability to suppress prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and activate 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We investigated the inhibitory effects of ASA in a panel of melanoma and transformed melanocyte cell lines, and on tumor growth in a preclinical model. ASA and the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib did not affect melanoma cell viability, but significantly reduced colony formation, cell motility, and pigmentation (melanin production) in vitro at concentrations of 1 mmol/L and 20 μmol/L, respectively. ASA-mediated inhibition of cell migration and pigmentation was rescued by exogenous PGE2 or Compound C, which inhibits AMPK activation. Levels of tyrosinase, MITF, and p-ERK were unaffected by ASA exposure. Following a single oral dose of 0.4 mg ASA to NOD/SCID mice, salicylate was detected in plasma and skin at 4 hours and PGE2 levels were reduced up to 24 hours. Some human melanoma tumors xenografted into NOD/SCID mice were sensitive to chronic daily ASA administration, exhibiting reduced growth and proliferation. ASA-treated mice bearing sensitive and resistant tumors exhibited both decreased PGE2 in plasma and tumors and increased phosphorylated AMPK in tumors. We conclude that ASA inhibits colony formation, cell motility, and pigmentation through suppression of PGE2 and activation of AMPK and reduces growth of some melanoma tumors in vivo This preclinical model could be used for further tumor and biomarker studies to support future melanoma chemoprevention trials in humans. Cancer Prev Res; 11(10); 629-42. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Kumar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Hafeez Rahman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ethika Tyagi
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tong Liu
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Chelsea Li
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ran Lu
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - David Lum
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sheri L Holmen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - J Alan Maschek
- Health Science Center Cores, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - James E Cox
- Health Science Center Cores, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Matthew W VanBrocklin
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Douglas Grossman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah. .,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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13
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Mishra H, Mishra PK, Ekielski A, Iqbal Z, Jaggi M, Talegaonkar S. Functionalized nanoliposomes loaded with anti survivin and anti angiogenic agents to enhance the activity of chemotherapy against melanoma by 4-pronged action. Med Hypotheses 2018; 116:141-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Karim ME, Tha KK, Othman I, Borhan Uddin M, Chowdhury EH. Therapeutic Potency of Nanoformulations of siRNAs and shRNAs in Animal Models of Cancers. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E65. [PMID: 29861465 PMCID: PMC6026921 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA Interference (RNAi) has brought revolutionary transformations in cancer management in the past two decades. RNAi-based therapeutics including siRNA and shRNA have immense scope to silence the expression of mutant cancer genes specifically in a therapeutic context. Although tremendous progress has been made to establish catalytic RNA as a new class of biologics for cancer management, a lot of extracellular and intracellular barriers still pose a long-lasting challenge on the way to clinical approval. A series of chemically suitable, safe and effective viral and non-viral carriers have emerged to overcome physiological barriers and ensure targeted delivery of RNAi. The newly invented carriers, delivery techniques and gene editing technology made current treatment protocols stronger to fight cancer. This review has provided a platform about the chronicle of siRNA development and challenges of RNAi therapeutics for laboratory to bedside translation focusing on recent advancement in siRNA delivery vehicles with their limitations. Furthermore, an overview of several animal model studies of siRNA- or shRNA-based cancer gene therapy over the past 15 years has been presented, highlighting the roles of genes in multiple cancers, pharmacokinetic parameters and critical evaluation. The review concludes with a future direction for the development of catalytic RNA vehicles and design strategies to make RNAi-based cancer gene therapy more promising to surmount cancer gene delivery challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Emranul Karim
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kyi Kyi Tha
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Borhan Uddin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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15
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Conde M, Michen S, Wiedemuth R, Klink B, Schröck E, Schackert G, Temme A. Chromosomal instability induced by increased BIRC5/Survivin levels affects tumorigenicity of glioma cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:889. [PMID: 29282022 PMCID: PMC5745881 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Survivin, belonging to the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene family, is abundantly expressed in tumors. It has been hypothesized that Survivin facilitates carcinogenesis by inhibition of apoptosis resulting in improved survival of tumorigenic progeny. Additionally, Survivin plays an essential role during mitosis. Together with its molecular partners Aurora B, Borealin and inner centromere protein it secures bipolar chromosome segregation. However, whether increased Survivin levels contribute to progression of tumors by inducing chromosomal instability remains unclear. Methods We overexpressed Survivin in U251-MG, SVGp12, U87-MG, HCT116 and p53-deficient U87-MGshp53 and HCT116p53−/− cells. The resulting phenotype was investigated by FACS-assisted cell cycle analysis, Western Blot analysis, confocal laser scan microscopy, proliferation assays, spectral karyotyping and in a U251-MG xenograft model using immune-deficient mice. Results Overexpression of Survivin affected cells with knockdown of p53, cells harboring mutant p53 and SV40 large T antigen, respectively, resulting in the increase of cell fractions harboring 4n and >4n DNA contents. Increased γH2AX levels, indicative of DNA damage were monitored in all Survivin-transduced cell lines, but only in p53 wild type cells this was accompanied by an attenuated S-phase entry and activation of p21waf/cip. Overexpression of Survivin caused a DNA damage response characterized by increased appearance pDNA-PKcs foci in cell nuclei and elevated levels of pATM S1981 and pCHK2 T68. Additionally, evolving structural chromosomal aberrations in U251-MG cells transduced with Survivin indicated a DNA-repair by non-homologous end joining recombination. Subcutaneous transplantation of U251-MG cells overexpressing Survivin and mycN instead of mycN oncogene alone generated tumors with shortened latency and decreased apoptosis. Subsequent SKY-analysis of Survivin/mycN-tumors revealed an increase in structural chromosomal aberrations in cells when compared to mycN-tumors. Conclusions Our data suggest that increased Survivin levels promote adaptive evolution of tumors through combining induction of genetic heterogeneity with inhibition of apoptosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3932-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Conde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Michen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Wiedemuth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Evelin Schröck
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany.
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16
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TAB3 upregulates Survivin expression to promote colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis by binding to the TAK1-TRAF6 complex. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106565-106576. [PMID: 29290971 PMCID: PMC5739756 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-binding protein 3 (TAB3) is involved in cancer proliferation and metastasis, but its role in colorectal cancer remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that TAB3 is upregulated in colorectal cancer tissues and that high TAB3 levels correlated with tumor metastasis and a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. In addition, TAB3 knockdown decreased Survivin expression and suppressed colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro, and reduced liver metastasis in vivo. Importantly, we found that TAB3 regulated Survivin expression by activating the NF-κB pathway through the formation of the TAK1-TAB3-TRAF6 complex. These findings suggest TAB3 may be a useful prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer and a target for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.
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17
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Singh P, Fukuda S, Liu L, Chitteti BR, Pelus LM. Survivin Is Required for Mouse and Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Function. Stem Cells 2017; 36:123-129. [PMID: 29067757 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have significant potential in cell-based therapies, little is known about the factors that regulate their functions. While exploring regulatory molecules potentially involved in MSC activities, we found that the endogenous multifunctional factor Survivin is essential for MSC survival, expansion, lineage commitment, and migration. Pharmacological or genetic blockade of Survivin expression in mouse and human bone marrow MSC enhances caspase 3 and 7 expression and reduces proliferation resulting in fewer MSC and clonogenic colony-forming unit-fibroblasts (CFU-F), whereas ectopic Survivin overexpression in MSC results in their expansion. Survivin is also required for the MSC proliferative responses to basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet derived growth factor. In a wound healing model, Survivin inhibition results in suppression of MSC migration to the wound site. In addition, loss of Survivin in MSCs compromises their hematopoiesis-supporting capacity. These results demonstrate that Survivin is a key regulator of mouse and human MSC function, and suggest that targeted modulation of Survivin in MSCs may have clinical utility to enhance MSC recovery and activity following insult or stress. Stem Cells 2018;36:123-129.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Singh
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Seiji Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Liqiong Liu
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Louis M Pelus
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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18
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Sato K, Watanabe O, Ohmiya S, Chiba F, Suzuki A, Okamoto M, Younghuang J, Hata A, Nonaka H, Kitaoka S, Nagai Y, Kawamura K, Hayashi M, Kumaki S, Suzuki T, Kawakami K, Nishimura H. Efficient isolation of human metapneumovirus using MNT-1, a human malignant melanoma cell line with early and distinct cytopathic effects. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:497-506. [PMID: 28940687 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) from clinical specimens is currently inefficient because of the lack of a cell culture system in which a distinct cytopathic effect (CPE) occurs. The cell lines LLC-MK2, Vero and Vero E6 are used for isolation of HMPV; however, the CPE in these cell lines is subtle and usually requires a long observation period and sometimes blind passages. Thus, a cell line in which an early and distinct CPE occurs following HMPV inoculation is highly desired by clinical virology laboratories. In this study, it was demonstrated that, in the human malignant melanoma cell line MNT-1, obvious syncytium formation occurs shortly after inoculation with HMPV-positive clinical specimens. In addition, the growth and efficiency of isolation of HMPV were greater using MNT-1 than using any other conventional cell line. Addition of this cell line to our routine viral isolation system for clinical specimens markedly enhanced isolation frequency, allowing isolation-based surveillance. MNT-1 has the potential to facilitate clinical and epidemiological studies of HMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Sato
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Japan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Oshi Watanabe
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Japan
| | - Suguru Ohmiya
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Japan
| | - Fumiko Chiba
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Japan
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Japan
| | - Jiang Younghuang
- Tauns Laboratories, 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hata
- Tauns Laboratories, 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nonaka
- Tauns Laboratories, 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan
| | - Setsuko Kitaoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8520, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagai
- Nagai Pediatric Clinic, 1-25-10 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Kawamura
- Kawamura Children's Clinic, 1-16-1 Takamatsu, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-0907, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Satoru Kumaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8520, Japan
| | - Tamio Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishimura
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Japan
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Loss of p16 INK4A stimulates aberrant mitochondrial biogenesis through a CDK4/Rb-independent pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55848-55862. [PMID: 28915557 PMCID: PMC5593528 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p16INK4A (p16) inhibits cell cycle progression through the CDK4/Rb pathway. We have previously shown that p16 regulates cellular oxidative stress, independent of its role in cell cycle control. We investigated whether loss of p16 had a direct impact on the mitochondria. We found that p16-null primary mouse fibroblasts (PMFs) displayed increased mitochondrial mass and expression of mitochondrial respiratory subunit proteins compared to wild-type (WT) PMFs. These findings in p16-null PMFs were associated with increased expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis transcription factors PRC and TFAM. On the other hand, p16-deficient PMFs demonstrated reduced mitochondrial respiration capacity consistent with electron microscopy findings showing that mitochondria in p16-deficient PMFs have abnormal morphology. Consistent with increased mitochondrial mass and reduced respiratory capacity, p16-deficient PMFs generated increased mitochondrial superoxide. One biological consequence of elevated ROS in p16-deficient PMFs was enhanced migration, which was reduced by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine. Finally, p16-deficient PMFs displayed increased mitochondrial membrane potential, which was also required for their enhanced migration. The mitochondrial and migration phenotype was restored in p16-deficient PMFs by forced expression of p16. Similarly, over-expression of p16 in human melanocytes and A375 melanoma cells led to decreased expression of some mitochondrial respiratory proteins, enhanced respiration, and decreased migration. Inhibition of Rb phosphorylation in melanocytes and melanoma cells, either by addition of chemical CDK4 inhibitors or RNAi-mediated knockdown of CDK4, did not mimic the effects of p16 loss. These results suggest that p16 regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and function, which is independent of the canonical CDK4/Rb pathway.
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20
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Nikolovska K, Spillmann D, Haier J, Ladányi A, Stock C, Seidler DG. Melanoma Cell Adhesion and Migration Is Modulated by the Uronyl 2-O Sulfotransferase. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170054. [PMID: 28107390 PMCID: PMC5249195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the vast majority of melanomas are characterized by a high metastatic potential, if detected early, melanoma can have a good prognostic outcome. However, once metastasised, the prognosis is bleak. We showed previously that uronyl-2-O sulfotransferase (Ust) and 2-O sulfation of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) are involved in cell migration. To demonstrate an impact of 2-O sulfation in metastasis we knocked-down Ust in mouse melanoma cells. This significantly reduced the amount of Ust protein and enzyme activity. Furthermore, in vitro cell motility and adhesion were significantly reduced correlating with the decrease of cellular Ust protein. Single cell migration of B16VshUst(16) cells showed a decreased cell movement phenotype. The adhesion of B16V cells to fibronectin depended on α5β1 but not αvβ3 integrin. Inhibition of glycosaminoglycan sulfation or blocking fibroblast growth factor receptor (FgfR) reduced α5 integrin in B16V cell lines. Interestingly, FgfR1 expression and activation was reduced in Ust knock-down cells. In vivo, pulmonary metastasis of B16VshUst cells was prevented due to a reduction of α5 integrin. As a proof of concept UST knock-down in human melanoma cells also showed a reduction in ITGa5 and adhesion. This is the first study showing that Ust, and consequently 2-O sulfation of the low affinity receptor for FgfR CS/DS, reduces Itga5 and leads to an impaired adhesion and migration of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Nikolovska
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Centre for Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothe Spillmann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörg Haier
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Münster, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrea Ladányi
- Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian Stock
- Centre for Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniela G. Seidler
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Centre for Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Madhunapantula SV, Robertson GP. Targeting protein kinase-b3 (akt3) signaling in melanoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:273-290. [PMID: 28064546 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1279147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deregulated Akt activity leading to apoptosis inhibition, enhanced proliferation and drug resistance has been shown to be responsible for 35-70% of advanced metastatic melanomas. Of the three isoforms, the majority of melanomas have elevated Akt3 expression and activity. Hence, potent inhibitors targeting Akt are urgently required, which is possible only if (a) the factors responsible for the failure of Akt inhibitors in clinical trials is known; and (b) the information pertaining to synergistically acting targeted therapeutics is available. Areas covered: This review provides a brief introduction of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and its role in melanoma development. In addition, the functional role of key Akt pathway members such as PRAS40, GSK3 kinases, WEE1 kinase in melanoma development are discussed together with strategies to modulate these targets. Efficacy and safety of Akt inhibitors is also discussed. Finally, the mechanism(s) through which Akt leads to drug resistance is discussed in this expert opinion review. Expert opinion: Even though Akt play key roles in melanoma tumor progression, cell survival and drug resistance, many gaps still exist that require further understanding of Akt functions, especially in the (a) metastatic spread; (b) circulating melanoma cells survival; and
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Affiliation(s)
- SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- a Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry , JSS Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University (Accredited 'A' Grade by NAAC and Ranked 35 by National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF)-2015, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India) , Mysuru , India
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- b Department of Pharmacology , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA.,c Department of Pathology , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA.,d Department of Dermatology , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA.,e Department of Surgery , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA.,f The Melanoma Center , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA.,g The Melanoma Therapeutics Program , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
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22
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Cheng KY, Wang ZL, Gu QY, Hao M. Survivin Overexpression Is Associated with Aggressive Clinicopathological Features in Cervical Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165117. [PMID: 27764228 PMCID: PMC5072693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Overexpression of survivin has been reported in many human tumors. However, the clinicopathological features associated with survivin overexpression in cervical carcinoma remain controversial. Thus, the current meta-analysis was performed to assess the clinicopathological significance of survivin in cervical carcinoma. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies published through November 1, 2015. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between survivin expression and clinicopathological outcome in cervical carcinoma. Results Eleven eligible studies with a total of 865 patients were included. Survivin overexpression was closely related to lymph node metastasis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.679, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.509–0.905, P = 0.008) but was not significantly associated with tumor FIGO stage (I+II vs. III+IV) (OR = 0.843, 95% CI: 0.626–1.137, P = 0.264), tumor grade (G1+G2 vs. G3) (OR = 0.913, 95% CI: 0.689–1.210, P = 0.527), tumor size (>4 vs. ≤4 cm) (OR = 0.825, 95% CI: 0.434–1.570, P = 0.559), or stromal involvement (OR = 0.820, 95% CI: 0.545–1.233, P = 0.340). The correlation between survivin expression and overall survival was evaluated among a total of 238 patients from three eligible studies. The pooled HR was 1.129 (95% CI: 0.597–1.661; P = 0.000), indicating that survivin expression was significantly associated with poor survival in cervical carcinoma. Conclusions Based on the current meta-analysis, survivin is strongly associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. Additionally, survivin is a novel clinicopathological marker of cervical carcinoma and thus may be a therapeutic target for cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-yan Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-lian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Qian-yun Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Min Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang S, Xu Y, Chan HF, Kim HW, Wang Y, Leong KW, Chen M. Nanoparticle-mediated inhibition of survivin to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. J Control Release 2016; 240:454-464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Teh JLF, Purwin TJ, Greenawalt EJ, Chervoneva I, Goldberg A, Davies MA, Aplin AE. An In Vivo Reporter to Quantitatively and Temporally Analyze the Effects of CDK4/6 Inhibitor-Based Therapies in Melanoma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5455-66. [PMID: 27488531 PMCID: PMC5026598 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant cell-cycle progression is a hallmark feature of cancer cells. Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) drive progression through the G1 stage of the cell cycle, at least in part, by inactivating the tumor suppressor, retinoblastoma. CDK4/6 are targetable and the selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, was recently FDA approved for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. In cutaneous melanoma, driver mutations in NRAS and BRAF promote CDK4/6 activation, suggesting that inhibitors such as palbociclib are likely to provide therapeutic benefit in combination with BRAF inhibitors and/or MEK inhibitors that are FDA-approved. However, the determinants of the response to CDK4/6 inhibitors alone and in combination with other targeted inhibitors are poorly defined. Furthermore, in vivo systems to quantitatively and temporally measure the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors and determine the extent that CDK activity is reactivated during acquired resistance are lacking. Here, we describe the heterogeneous effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors, the expression of antiapoptotic proteins that associate with response to CDK4/6 and MEK inhibitors, and the development of a luciferase-based reporter system to determine the effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors alone and in combination with MEK inhibitors in melanoma xenografts. These findings are likely to inform on-going and future clinical trials utilizing CDK4/6 inhibitors in cutaneous melanoma. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5455-66. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L F Teh
- Department of Cancer Biology and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy J Purwin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evan J Greenawalt
- Department of Cancer Biology and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Inna Chervoneva
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Allison Goldberg
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Cutaneous Biology and Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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25
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Jakubowska K, Pryczynicz A, Dymicka-Piekarska V, Famulski W, Guzińska-Ustymowicz K. Immunohistochemical expression and serum level of survivin protein in colorectal cancer patients. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3591-3597. [PMID: 27900041 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin is one of the apoptosis-related inhibitors that is associated with a more aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis in numerous types of malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The objective of the present study was to perform immunohistochemical tissue analysis of survivin expression and serum analysis of survivin levels in CRC patients. The study group consisted of 55 CRC patients. Survivin expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 38 patients using monoclonal antibodies. Color reactions were observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cancer cells. The expression was defined based on the H-score method. The level of survivin was determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. A positive immunoreaction was observed in the tumor tissues of 84.2% (32/38) of patients with CRC, consisting of nuclear (63.2%; 24/38) and cytoplasmic (81.6%; 31/38) expression. The survivin nuclear expression was associated with tumor mass location and the presence of distant metastases (P=0.048 and P=0.026, respectively). Survivin was detected in the sera of 38.2% (21/55) of CRC patients and in 81.8% (18/22) of healthy individuals. Serum protein levels were found to correlate with hematocrit (P=0.035), hemoglobin (P=0.008) and albumin (P=0.045), but not with any of the investigated clinicopathological parameters. The immunohistochemical positive reaction of survivin in the nuclei of cancer cells may condition their proliferative capacity, which is associated with higher risk of developing metastatic foci. Thus, the present study suggests that the expression of survivin may have diagnostic implications in cancer of the colon and thus requires further research. By contrast, the survivin serum level in CRC patients appears to be diagnostically ineffectual for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jakubowska
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok 15-269, Poland
| | - Anna Pryczynicz
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok 15-269, Poland
| | - Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok 15-269, Poland
| | - Waldemar Famulski
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok 15-269, Poland
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Orso F, Quirico L, Virga F, Penna E, Dettori D, Cimino D, Coppo R, Grassi E, Elia AR, Brusa D, Deaglio S, Brizzi MF, Stadler MB, Provero P, Caselle M, Taverna D. miR-214 and miR-148b Targeting Inhibits Dissemination of Melanoma and Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5151-62. [PMID: 27328731 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
miR-214 and miR-148b have been proposed to antagonize the effects of each other in enabling or blocking metastasis, respectively. In this study, we provide evidence deepening their role and interrelationship in the process of metastatic dissemination. Depleting miR-214 or elevating miR-148b blocked the dissemination of melanoma or breast cancer cells, an effect that could be accentuated by dual alteration. Mechanistic investigations indicated that dual alteration suppressed passage of malignant cells through the blood vessel endothelium by reducing expression of the cell adhesion molecules ITGA5 and ALCAM. Notably, transendothelial migration in vitro and extravasation in vivo impaired by singly alternating miR-214 or miR-148b could be overridden by overexpression of ITGA5 or ALCAM in the same tumor cells. In clinical specimens of primary breast cancer or metastatic melanoma, we found a positive correlation between miR-214 and ITGA5 or ALCAM along with an inverse correlation of miR-214 and miR-148b in the same specimens. Our findings define an antagonistic relationship of miR-214 and miR-148b in determining the dissemination of cancer cells via tumor-endothelial cell interactions, with possible implications for microRNA-mediated therapeutic interventions aimed at blocking cancer extravasation. Cancer Res; 76(17); 5151-62. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Orso
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Center for Complex Systems in Molecular Biology and Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorena Quirico
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Virga
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Penna
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Dettori
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Cimino
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Center for Complex Systems in Molecular Biology and Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Coppo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Grassi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Angela Rita Elia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Brusa
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Immunogenetics Unit, Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Immunogenetics Unit, Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Michael B Stadler
- Friederich Miescher Institute and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Provero
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Caselle
- Center for Complex Systems in Molecular Biology and Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Department of Physics University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Taverna
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Center for Complex Systems in Molecular Biology and Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Khan Z, Khan AA, Prasad GBKS, Khan N, Tiwari RP, Bisen PS. Growth inhibition and chemo-radiosensitization of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by survivin-siRNA lentivirus. Radiother Oncol 2015; 118:359-68. [PMID: 26747757 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivin expression is often associated with aggressive tumor behavior and therapy resistance. In this study, we investigated the effect of survivin knockdown by survivin-siRNA lentiviral vector (Svv-Lent) on the response of HNSCC to chemo-radiotherapy, tumor growth and metastasis. METHODS Four human HNSCC (OSC19, Cal27, Cal33 and FaDu) and one normal HOK cell lines were included in the study, and survivin knockdown was achieved with Svv-Lent treatment. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by MTT and TUNEL assay, respectively. Transwell assays were performed to measure in vitro cell migration and matrigel invasion. Xenograft tumors were developed in nude mice by injecting Cal27 cells subcutaneously and following tail-vein injection of lung and liver metastasis. RESULTS Knockdown of survivin significantly suppressed HNSCC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro. Survivin inhibition could also significantly reduce in vitro cell migration and matrigel invasion that might be due to inactivation of matrix metalloproteinases. In vivo studies showed significant repression of Cal27 xenograft tumor growth and tissue metastasis leading to improvement in mice survival in the Svv-Lent treated group compared to controls. Our data indicated that survivin expression in HNSCC cells contributed to chemo-radioresistance, and its down-regulation increased anti-cancer effects of paclitaxel, cisplatin and radiation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that sustained survivin expression facilitates HNSCC tumor growth and confers resistance to chemo-radiotherapy. Svv-Lent therapy may be able to enhance the cytotoxic effect of commonly used anticancer drugs such as cisplatin and paclitaxel, and radiotherapy that could provide a promising strategy for the effective control of resistant head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Khan
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India; Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Abdul Arif Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Noor Khan
- Division of Plant-Microbe Interactions, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Ma WH, Liu YC, Xue ML, Zheng Z, Ge YL. Downregulation of survivin expression exerts antitumoral effects on mouse breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:159-167. [PMID: 26870183 PMCID: PMC4727149 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis constantly occurs in the majority of cases of primary breast cancer at late stage or following surgical treatment. Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, has long been recognized as a promising anticancer target, but its antitumor effects remain largely unexplored. In order to elucidate the role of survivin in breast cancer metastasis, short interfering RNA (siRNA) was used in the present study to specifically downregulate survivin expression in the murine breast cancer cell line 4T1. The results demonstrated that blocking the expression of survivin by siRNA inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of murine breast cancer cells in vitro. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C is a lymphatic endothelial cell-stimulating factor that may lead to the formation of lymphatic vessels in lymph nodes. In the present study, the inhibition of survivin by siRNA was able to reduce the overexpression of VEGF-C in 4T1 cells. Furthermore, intratumoral injections of the survivin-siRNA significantly inhibited the growth of orthotopically transplanted 4T1 tumors in vivo. In addition, the number of pulmonary metastases and the microlymphatic vessel density were significantly reduced in vivo, following transfection with survivin-siRNA. The results of the present study suggested that the Akt/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling pathway participates in the survivin-mediated downregulation of VEGF-C expression observed in breast cancer cells treated with survivin-siRNA. Therefore, the use of siRNA specifically targeting survivin may be a potential anticancer method in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China; Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Qingdao Blood Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Chao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Lan Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Lin Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
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Renner G, Janouskova H, Noulet F, Koenig V, Guerin E, Bär S, Nuesch J, Rechenmacher F, Neubauer S, Kessler H, Blandin AF, Choulier L, Etienne-Selloum N, Lehmann M, Lelong-Rebel I, Martin S, Dontenwill M. Integrin α5β1 and p53 convergent pathways in the control of anti-apoptotic proteins PEA-15 and survivin in high-grade glioma. Cell Death Differ 2015; 23:640-53. [PMID: 26470725 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin α5β1 expression is correlated with a worse prognosis in high-grade glioma. We previously unraveled a negative crosstalk between integrin α5β1 and p53 pathway, which was proposed to be part of the resistance of glioblastoma to chemotherapies. The restoration of p53 tumor-suppressor function is under intensive investigations for cancer therapy. However, p53-dependent apoptosis is not always achieved by p53-reactivating compounds such as Nutlin-3a, although full transcriptional activity of p53 could be obtained. Here we investigated whether integrin α5β1 functional inhibition or repression could sensitize glioma cells to Nutlin-3a-induced p53-dependent apoptosis. We discovered that α5β1 integrin-specific blocking antibodies or small RGD-like antagonists in association with Nutlin-3a triggered a caspase (Casp) 8/Casp 3-dependent strong apoptosis in glioma cells expressing a functional p53. We deciphered the molecular mechanisms involved and we showed the crucial role of two anti-apoptotic proteins, phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15 (PEA-15) and survivin in glioma cell apoptotic outcome. PEA-15 is under α5β1 integrin/AKT (protein kinase B) control and survivin is a p53-repressed target. Moreover, interconnections between integrin and p53 pathways were revealed. Indeed PEA-15 repression by specific small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-activated p53 pathway to repress survivin and conversely survivin repression by specific siRNA decreased α5β1 integrin expression. This pro-apoptotic loop could be generalized to several glioma cell lines, whatever their p53 status, inasmuch PEA-15 and survivin protein levels were decreased. Our findings identify a novel mechanism whereby inhibition of α5β1 integrin and activation of p53 modulates two anti-apoptotic proteins crucially involved in the apoptotic answer of glioma cells. Importantly, our results suggest that high-grade glioma expressing high level of α5β1 integrin may benefit from associated therapies including integrin antagonists and repressors of survivin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Renner
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - H Janouskova
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - F Noulet
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - V Koenig
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - E Guerin
- EA3430, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Bär
- Tumor Virology Division (F010), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum/German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Nuesch
- Tumor Virology Division (F010), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum/German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Rechenmacher
- Department Chemie, Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Studies, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - S Neubauer
- Department Chemie, Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Studies, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - H Kessler
- Department Chemie, Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Studies, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - A-F Blandin
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - L Choulier
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - N Etienne-Selloum
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - M Lehmann
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - I Lelong-Rebel
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - S Martin
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - M Dontenwill
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
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Bongiovanni L, D'Andrea A, Porcellato I, Ciccarelli A, Malatesta D, Romanucci M, Della Salda L, Mechelli L, Brachelente C. Canine cutaneous melanocytic tumours: significance of β-catenin and survivin immunohistochemical expression. Vet Dermatol 2015; 26:270-e59. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bongiovanni
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Teramo; Piazza A. Moro 45 Teramo 64100 Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Andrea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Teramo; Piazza A. Moro 45 Teramo 64100 Italy
| | - Ilaria Porcellato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Perugia; Via San Costanzo 4 Perugia 06126 Italy
| | - Andrea Ciccarelli
- Faculty of Political Science; University of Teramo; Campus Coste Sant'Agostino Teramo 64100 Italy
| | - Daniela Malatesta
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Teramo; Piazza A. Moro 45 Teramo 64100 Italy
| | - Mariarita Romanucci
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Teramo; Piazza A. Moro 45 Teramo 64100 Italy
| | - Leonardo Della Salda
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Teramo; Piazza A. Moro 45 Teramo 64100 Italy
| | - Luca Mechelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Perugia; Via San Costanzo 4 Perugia 06126 Italy
| | - Chiara Brachelente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Perugia; Via San Costanzo 4 Perugia 06126 Italy
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Yamazaki H, Takagi S, Hosoya K, Okumura M. Survivin suppressor (YM155) enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy against canine histiocytic sarcoma in murine transplantation models. Res Vet Sci 2015; 99:137-44. [PMID: 25744435 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) in dogs exhibits aggressive clinical and biological behavior. Currently, no effective treatments are available for dogs with HS. Survivin, a member of a family of apoptosis protein inhibitors, could serve as a potential therapeutic target in several canine cancers. Sepantronium bromide (YM155) has recently been established as a novel survivin-targeting agent. The aim of this study was to use YM155 as a tool for evaluating survivin-targeted therapies against dogs with HS, and to investigate how YM155 treatment affects antitumor and chemotherapeutic efficacies in murine xenograft models using canine HS cells. The results showed that in HS cells with lomustine (CCNU) resistance, YM155 treatment suppressed both the cell-growth potential and cell resistance to CCNU, which essentially increases the chemotherapy efficacy in the murine models. The evidence presented here supports the favorable preclinical evaluation that survivin-targeted therapies might be effective against HS in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takagi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | - Kenji Hosoya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okumura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
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Abstract
Although technically a member of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) gene family, survivin has consistently defied assumptions, refuted predictions and challenged paradigms. Despite its more than 5500 citations currently in Medline, the biology of survivin has remained fascinatingly complex, its exploitation in human disease, most notably cancer, tantalizing, and its regulation of cellular homeostasis unexpectedly far-reaching. An inconvenient outsider that resists schemes and dogmas, survivin continues to hold great promise to unlock fundamental circuitries of cellular functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario C Altieri
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Carpi S, Fogli S, Giannetti A, Adinolfi B, Tombelli S, Da Pozzo E, Vanni A, Martinotti E, Martini C, Breschi MC, Pellegrino M, Nieri P, Baldini F. Theranostic properties of a survivin-directed molecular beacon in human melanoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114588. [PMID: 25501971 PMCID: PMC4263748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis overexpressed in different types of tumors and undetectable in most terminally differentiated normal tissues. In the current study, we sought to evaluate the in vitro theranostic properties of a molecular beacon-oligodeoxynucleotide (MB) that targets survivin mRNA. We used laser scanning confocal microscopy to study MB delivery in living cells and real-time PCR and western blot to assess selective survivin-targeting in human malignant melanoma cells. We further assess the pro-apoptotic effect of MB by measuring internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and changes in nuclear morphology. Transfection of MB into A375 and 501 Mel cells generated high signal intensity from the cytoplasm, while no signal was detected in the extracellular environment and in survivin-negative cells (i.e., human melanocytes and monocytes). MB time dependently decreased survivin mRNA and protein expression in melanoma cells with the maximum effect reached at 72 h. Treatment of melanoma cells with MB induced apoptosis by significant changes in MMP, accumulation of histone-complexed DNA fragments in the cytoplasm and nuclear condensation. MB also enhanced the pro-apoptotic effect of standard chemotherapeutic drugs tested at clinically relevant concentrations. The MB tested in the current study conjugates the ability of imaging with the pharmacological silencing activity against survivin mRNA in human melanoma cells and may represent an innovative approach for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Stefano Fogli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ambra Giannetti
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara,” IFAC-CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Sara Tombelli
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara,” IFAC-CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Vanni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Mario Pellegrino
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Baldini
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara,” IFAC-CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Bai J, Xie X, Lei Y, An G, He L, Lv X. Ocular albinism type 1-induced melanoma cell migration is mediated through the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:491-5. [PMID: 24736838 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma has the highest risk of mortality among all types of skin cancer due to its highly metastatic potential. The ocular albinism type 1 (OA1) protein is a pigment cell‑specific glycoprotein, which shares significant structural and functional features with G protein‑coupled receptors. However, the role of OA1 in melanoma has yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate whether OA1 is involved in melanoma cell migration. OA1 was found to stimulate cell migration in a dose‑dependent manner in cultured human melanoma cells. Furthermore, knockdown of OA1 using small interfering RNA was observed to significantly inhibit melanoma cell migration. In addition, the mechanism underlying OA1‑induced melanoma cell migration was investigated. Stimulation of the RAS/RAF/mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) pathway using growth factors enhanced OA1 expression and melanoma cell migration, whereas inhibition of this pathway using U0126 was observed to markedly decrease OA1 expression and the number of migrated cells. These findings indicate that OA1 is involved in melanoma cell migration and that OA1‑induced melanoma cell migration is mediated through the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Therefore, OA1 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of The School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Yun Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of The School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Gaili An
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of The School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Li He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of The School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Lv
- Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Integrated Medical Information, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710016, P.R. China
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Mohana-Kumaran N, Hill DS, Allen JD, Haass NK. Targeting the intrinsic apoptosis pathway as a strategy for melanoma therapy. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 27:525-39. [PMID: 24655414 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma drug resistance is often attributed to abrogation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Targeting regulators of apoptosis is thus considered a promising approach to sensitizing melanomas to treatment. The development of small-molecule inhibitors that mimic natural antagonists of either antiapoptotic members of the BCL-2 family or the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), known as BH3- or SMAC-mimetics, respectively, are helping us to understand the mechanisms behind apoptotic resistance. Studies using BH3-mimetics indicate that the antiapoptotic BCL-2 protein MCL-1 and its antagonist NOXA are particularly important regulators of BCL-2 family signaling, while SMAC-mimetic studies show that both XIAP and the cIAPs must be targeted to effectively induce apoptosis of cancer cells. Although most solid tumors, including melanoma, are insensitive to these mimetic drugs as single agents, combinations with other therapeutics have yielded promising results, and tests combining them with BRAF-inhibitors, which have already revolutionized melanoma treatment, are a clear priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nethia Mohana-Kumaran
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Survivin beyond physiology: orchestration of multistep carcinogenesis and therapeutic potentials. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:175-82. [PMID: 24560928 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, has been associated with protection from cell apoptosis and regulation of mitosis. Survivin exhibits low to undetectable expression in most finally differentiated adult tissues but is abundantly over-expressed in almost all cancers. The aberrant high expression of survivin in cancers is associated with advanced disease, increased rate of tumor recurrence, abbreviated overall survival and resistance to chemo- and radio- therapy. Survivin touches nearly every aspect of cancer and is involved in the initiation, maintenance and development of tumor. Therefore, its significance in cancer dictates the pursuit for anti-survivin cancer therapies.
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Survivin promotes the invasion of human colon carcinoma cells by regulating the expression of MMP‑7. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:825-30. [PMID: 24425325 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression levels of survivin are crucial for invasion activity in several types of human cancer, including colon carcinoma. However, the molecular mechanisms whereby survivin regulates cancer invasion have not been completely elucidated. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the role of matrix metalloprotease‑7 (MMP‑7) in cell invasion that is induced by survivin by using in vitro assays, including western blot, immunofluorescence and qPCR analyses. The results demonstrated that the ectopic expression of survivin significantly promoted the invasive activity of colon carcinoma cells (SW620 and HCT‑116) and resulted in increased levels of MMP‑7 activation. By contrast, the small interfering RNA (siRNA)‑based knockdown of survivin markedly reduced cell migration and led to a dose‑dependent decrease in MMP‑7 expression levels. Compared with the controls, knockdown of MMP‑7 by siRNA in colon carcinoma cells led to reduced invasion ability, whereas no obvious changes were observed when MMP‑7 expression was silenced in survivin‑overexpressing colon carcinoma cells. These findings demonstrate that MMP‑7 is crucial for survivin‑mediated invasiveness, suggesting that the survivin‑mediated MMP‑7 signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of colon carcinoma.
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Yamazaki H, Takagi S, Hoshino Y, Hosoya K, Okumura M. Inhibition of survivin influences the biological activities of canine histiocytic sarcoma cell lines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79810. [PMID: 24260303 PMCID: PMC3829869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine histiocytic sarcoma (CHS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm that originates from histiocytic lineage cells, including dendritic cells and macrophages, and is characterized by progressive local infiltration and a very high metastatic potential. Survivin is as an apoptotic inhibitory factor that has major functions in cell proliferation, including inhibition of apoptosis and regulation of cell division, and is expressed in most types of human and canine malignant neoplasms, including melanoma and osteosarcoma. To investigate whether survivin was expressed at high levels in CHS and whether its expression was correlated with the aggressive biological behavior of CHS, we assessed relation between survivin expression and CHS progression, as well as the effects of survivin inhibition on the biological activities of CHS cells. We comparatively analyzed the expression of 6 selected anti-apoptotic genes, including survivin, in specimens from 30 dogs with histiocytic sarcoma and performed annexin V staining to evaluate apoptosis, methylthiazole tetrazolium assays to assess cell viability and chemosensitivity, and latex bead assays to measure changes in phagocytic activities in 4 CHS cell lines and normal canine fibroblasts transfected with survivin siRNA. Survivin gene expression levels in 30 specimens were significantly higher than those of the other 6 genes. After transfection with survivin siRNA, apoptosis, cell growth inhibition, enhanced chemosensitivity, and weakened phagocytic activities were observed in all CHS cell lines. In contrast, normal canine fibroblasts were not significantly affected by survivin knockdown. These results suggested that survivin expression may mediate the aggressive biological activities of CHS and that survivin may be an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takagi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuki Hoshino
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okumura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Expression of nuclear survivin in normal skin and squamous cell carcinoma: a possible role in tumour invasion. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:199-207. [PMID: 24196791 PMCID: PMC3887296 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Survivin is detected in few adult normal cells and it is highly expressed in cancer. Nuclear survivin facilitates cell cycle entry, whereas the mitochondrial pool protects cells from apoptosis. Survivin is overexpressed in keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) and protects them from apoptosis. Methods: As KSCs are at the origin of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we evaluated survivin expression in normal and cancerous skin in vivo by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. HaCaT cells overexpressing survivin and wound-healing assay are used. Analysis of variance and Student's T-tests are used for statistical analysis. Results: Survivin is localised in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of normal adult and young keratinocytes. Nuclear survivin is detected in one every 10 of 11 basal keratinocytes. When present in suprabasal cells, nuclear survivin is coexpressed with K10 but not with K15 or p75-neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), a transit amplifying cell marker. Nuclear, but not cytoplasmic, survivin expression markedly increases in actinic keratosis and in SCC in situ, as compared with normal epidermis, and it is highest in poorly differentiated SCC. In SCC tumours, nuclear survivin-positive cells are mainly K10/p75NTR-negative and K15-positive. In poorly differentiated tumours, survivin mostly localises in the deep infiltrating areas. When overexpressed in keratinocytes, survivin increases cell migration. Conclusion: High survivin expression and the subcellular localisation of survivin correlate with keratinocyte differentiation and are associated with undifferentiated and more invasive SCC phenotype.
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Hipp NI, Christner L, Wirth T, Mueller-Klieser W, Walenta S, Schröck E, Debatin KM, Beltinger C. MYCN and survivin cooperatively contribute to malignant transformation of fibroblasts. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:479-88. [PMID: 24130166 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenes MYCN and survivin (BIRC5) maintain aggressiveness of diverse cancers including sarcomas. To investigate whether these oncogenes cooperate in initial malignant transformation, we transduced them into Rat-1 fibroblasts. Indeed, survivin enhanced MYCN-driven contact-uninhibited and anchorage-independent growth in vitro. Importantly, upon subcutaneous transplantation into mice, cells overexpressing both instead of either one of the oncogenes generated tumors with shortened latency, marked anaplasia and an increased proliferation-to-apoptosis ratio resulting in accelerated growth. Mechanistically, the increased tumorigenicity was associated with an enhanced Warburg effect and a hypoxia inducible factor 1α linked vascular remodeling. This cooperation between MYCN and survivin may be important in the genesis of several cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora I Hipp
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm89075, Germany
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41
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Kedinger V, Meulle A, Zounib O, Bonnet ME, Gossart JB, Benoit E, Messmer M, Shankaranarayanan P, Behr JP, Erbacher P, Bolcato-Bellemin AL. Sticky siRNAs targeting survivin and cyclin B1 exert an antitumoral effect on melanoma subcutaneous xenografts and lung metastases. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:338. [PMID: 23835136 PMCID: PMC3711931 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma represents one of the most aggressive and therapeutically challenging malignancies as it often gives rise to metastases and develops resistance to classical chemotherapeutic agents. Although diverse therapies have been generated, no major improvement of the patient prognosis has been noticed. One promising alternative to the conventional therapeutic approaches currently available is the inactivation of proteins essential for survival and/or progression of melanomas by means of RNA interference. Survivin and cyclin B1, both involved in cell survival and proliferation and frequently deregulated in human cancers, are good candidate target genes for siRNA mediated therapeutics. Methods We used our newly developed sticky siRNA-based technology delivered with linear polyethyleneimine (PEI) to inhibit the expression of survivin and cyclin B1 both in vitro and in vivo, and addressed the effect of this inhibition on B16-F10 murine melanoma tumor development. Results We confirm that survivin and cyclin B1 downregulation through a RNA interference mechanism induces a blockage of the cell cycle as well as impaired proliferation of B16-F10 cells in vitro. Most importantly, PEI-mediated systemic delivery of sticky siRNAs against survivin and cyclin B1 efficiently blocks growth of established subcutaneaous B16-F10 tumors as well as formation and dissemination of melanoma lung metastases. In addition, we highlight that inhibition of survivin expression increases the effect of doxorubicin on lung B16-F10 metastasis growth inhibition. Conclusion PEI-mediated delivery of sticky siRNAs targeting genes involved in tumor progression such as survivin and cyclin B1, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, represents a promising strategy for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Kedinger
- Polyplus-transfection SA, Bioparc, BP 90018, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, 67401, France.
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Hehlgans S, Petraki C, Reichert S, Cordes N, Rödel C, Rödel F. Double targeting of Survivin and XIAP radiosensitizes 3D grown human colorectal tumor cells and decreases migration. Radiother Oncol 2013; 108:32-9. [PMID: 23830189 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of single and double knockdown of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) Survivin and X-linked IAP (XIAP) on three-dimensional (3D) clonogenic survival, migration capacity and underlying signaling pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT-15, SW48, SW480, SW620) were subjected to siRNA-mediated single or Survivin/XIAP double knockdown followed by 3D colony forming assays, cell cycle analysis, Caspase activity assays, migration assays, matrigel transmigration assays and Western blotting (Survivin, XIAP, Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), p-FAK Y397, Akt1, p-Akt1 S473, Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), p-ERK1/2 T202/Y204, Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β, p-GSK3β S9, nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65). RESULTS While basal cell survival was altered cell line-dependently, Survivin or XIAP single and Survivin/XIAP double knockdown enhanced cellular radiosensitivity of all tested cancer cell lines grown in 3D. Particularly double knockdown conditions revealed accumulation of cells in G2/M, increased subG1 fraction, elevated Caspase 3/7 activity, and reduced migration. Intracellular signaling showed dephosphorylation of FAK and Akt1 upon Survivin and/or Survivin/XIAP silencing. CONCLUSIONS Our results strengthen the notion of Survivin and XIAP to act as radiation resistance factors and further indicate that these apoptosis-regulating proteins are also functioning in cell cycling and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hehlgans
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University of Frankfurt, Germany.
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McKenzie JA, Liu T, Jung JY, Jones BB, Ekiz HA, Welm AL, Grossman D. Survivin promotion of melanoma metastasis requires upregulation of α5 integrin. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2137-44. [PMID: 23640047 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is an apoptotic and mitotic regulator that is overexpressed in melanoma and a poor prognostic marker in patients with metastatic disease. We recently showed that Survivin enhances melanoma cell motility through Akt-dependent upregulation of α5 integrin. However, the functional role of Survivin in melanoma metastasis is not clearly understood. We found that overexpression of Survivin in LOX and YUSAC2 human melanoma cells increased colony formation in soft agar, and this effect was abrogated by knockdown of α5 integrin by RNA interference. We employed melanoma cell xenografts to determine the in vivo effect of Survivin overexpression on melanoma metastasis. Although Survivin overexpression did not affect primary tumor growth of YUSAC2 or LOX subcutaneous tumors, or indices of proliferation or apoptosis, it significantly increased expression of α5 integrin in the primary tumors and formation of metastatic colonies in the lungs. Additionally, Survivin overexpression resulted in enhanced lung colony formation following intravenous (i.v.) injection of tumor cells in vivo and increased adherence to fibronectin-coated plastic in vitro. Importantly, in vivo inhibition of α5 integrin via intraperitoneal injection of an α5β1 integrin-blocking antibody significantly slowed tumor growth and reduced Survivin-enhanced pulmonary metastasis. Knockdown of α5 integrin in cells prior to i.v. injection also blocked Survivin-enhanced lung colony formation. These findings support a direct role for Survivin in melanoma metastasis, which requires α5 integrin and suggest that inhibitors of α5 integrin may be useful in combating this process.
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44
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Ye Q, Cai W, Zheng Y, Evers BM, She QB. ERK and AKT signaling cooperate to translationally regulate survivin expression for metastatic progression of colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2013; 33:1828-39. [PMID: 23624914 PMCID: PMC3966979 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways are often concurrently activated by separate genetic alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC), which is associated with CRC progression and poor survival. However, how activating both pathways is required for CRC metastatic progression remains unclear. Our recent study showed that both ERK and AKT signaling are required to activate eIF4E-initiated cap-dependent translation via convergent regulation of the translational repressor 4E-BP1 for maintaining CRC transformation. Here, we identified that the activation of cap-dependent translation by cooperative ERK and AKT signaling is critical for promotion of CRC motility and metastasis. In CRC cells with coexistent mutational activation of ERK and AKT pathways, inhibition of either MEK or AKT alone showed limited activity in inhibiting cell migration and invasion, but combined inhibition resulted in profound effects. Genetic blockade of the translation initiation complex by eIF4E knockdown or expression of a dominant active 4E-BP1 mutant effectively inhibited migration, invasion and metastasis of CRC cells, whereas overexpression of eIF4E or knockdown of 4E-BP1 had the opposite effect and markedly reduced their dependence on ERK and AKT signaling for cell motility. Mechanistically, we found that these effects were largely dependent on the increase in mTORC1-mediated survivin translation by ERK and AKT signaling. Despite the modest effect of survivin knockdown on tumor growth, reduction of the translationally-regulated survivin profoundly inhibited motility and metastasis of CRC. These findings reveal a critical mechanism underlying the translational regulation of CRC metastatic progression, and suggest that targeting cap-dependent translation may provide a promising treatment strategy for advanced CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Ye
- 1] Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA [2] Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - W Cai
- 1] Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA [2] Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Y Zheng
- 1] Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA [2] Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - B M Evers
- 1] Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA [2] Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Q-B She
- 1] Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA [2] Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Livin promotes progression of breast cancer through induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and activation of AKT signaling. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1413-22. [PMID: 23524337 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) are closely correlated with proliferation, apoptosis, motility, and metastasis. Livin is the most recently identified IAP, and its role in breast progression remains unknown. In our study, analyses of 50 patients with breast cancer revealed that the positive expression rate of Livin was higher in breast cancer tissues (62%) relative to that in adjacent (35%) and normal tissues (25%). Livin expression in breast cancer correlated with the clinical stage and axillary lymph node metastasis and could be used as a prognostic marker. Our in vitro experiment revealed that Livin was highly expressed in high-invasive MDA-MB-231 cells as compared to low-invasive cells (MCF-7). Suppression of Livin by short-hairpin RNA reduced the Livin expression of MDA-MB-231 cells and subsequently inhibited tumor cell growth, proliferation, and colony formation and induced tumor cell apoptosis, motility, migration, and invasion. Overexpression of Livin in MCF7 cells resulted in increased migration and invasion capabilities of the cells without affecting proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was induced by Livin expression in breast cancer cell lines. The high level of phosphorylated AKT in MDA-MB-231 cells was suppressed by Livin knockdown. Further, Livin-induced migration and invasion could be abolished by either the application of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 or knockdown of AKT expression using small-interfering RNA. In conclusion, Livin serves as an independent prognostic indicator for breast cancer. Livin expression promotes breast cancer metastasis through the activation of AKT signaling and induction of EMT in breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo.
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Hartman ML, Czyz M. Anti-apoptotic proteins on guard of melanoma cell survival. Cancer Lett 2013; 331:24-34. [PMID: 23340174 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a pivotal role in sustaining proper tissue development and homeostasis. Evading apoptosis by cancer cells is a part of their adaption to microenvironment and therapies. Cellular integrity is predominantly maintained by pro-survival members of Bcl-2 family and IAPs. Melanoma cells are characterized by a labile and stage-dependent phenotype. Pro-survival molecules can protect melanoma cells from apoptosis and mediate other processes, thus enhancing aggressive phenotype. The essential role of Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bcl-X(L), livin, survivin and XIAP was implicated for melanoma, often in a tumor stage-dependent fashion. In this review, the current knowledge of pro-survival machinery in melanoma is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz L Hartman
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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Schaffner F, Ray AM, Dontenwill M. Integrin α5β1, the Fibronectin Receptor, as a Pertinent Therapeutic Target in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:27-47. [PMID: 24216697 PMCID: PMC3730317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane heterodimeric proteins sensing the cell microenvironment and modulating numerous signalling pathways. Changes in integrin expression between normal and tumoral cells support involvement of specific integrins in tumor progression and aggressiveness. This review highlights the current knowledge about α5β1 integrin, also called the fibronectin receptor, in solid tumors. We summarize data showing that α5β1 integrin is a pertinent therapeutic target expressed by tumoral neovessels and tumoral cells. Although mainly evaluated in preclinical models, α5β1 integrin merits interest in particular in colon, breast, ovarian, lung and brain tumors where its overexpression is associated with a poor prognosis for patients. Specific α5β1 integrin antagonists will be listed that may represent new potential therapeutic agents to fight defined subpopulations of particularly aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Schaffner
- UMR 7213 CNRS, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France.
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Abstract
One crucial barrier to progress in the treatment of cancer has been the inability to control the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis: enter ceramide. Discoveries over the past 15 years have elevated this sphingolipid to the lofty position of a regulator of cell fate. Ceramide, it turns out, is a powerful tumour suppressor, potentiating signalling events that drive apoptosis, autophagic responses and cell cycle arrest. However, defects in ceramide generation and metabolism in cancer cells contribute to tumour cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy. This Review focuses on ceramide signalling and the targeting of specific metabolic junctures to amplify the tumour suppressive activities of ceramide. The potential of ceramide-based therapeutics in the treatment of cancer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy A F Morad
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John's Health Center, 2200 Santa Monica Boulevard, Santa Monica, California 90404, USA.
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Abstract
In the highly metastatic B16F10 melanoma cell line, activation of the signalling molecules that promote cell proliferation and survival on conventional adhesive culture dishes may also be responsible for the growth and resistance to anoikis of aggregates on a non-adhesive substratum. We have examined the influence of bacterial ADP-ribosyltransferases C3-like exoenzymes, which selectively modify RhoA, B and C proteins and inhibit signal pathways controlled by them. RNA interference [siRNA (small interfering RNA) Akt (also known as protein kinase B)] and a PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) inhibitor were used to analyse the changes caused by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway. Inhibiting the activation of RhoA, B, C and Akt expression resulted in a decrease of the number of cells cultured in aggregates, and caspase 3 activation. RhoA activation and RhoB and RhoC expression were controlled by Akt, but not RhoA expression. Inhibiting Akt and RhoA reduced the expression of α5 integrin, and inactivated FAK (focal adhesion kinase) in B16F10 cells cultured as aggregates. Thus, inhibiting Rho subfamily proteins and Akt expression inactivates the FAK pathway and induces anoikis in anoikis-resistant cells. The activation of RhoA in melanoma cells can depend on PI3K/Akt activation, suggesting that PI3K/Akt is a suitable target for new therapeutic approaches.
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Ozawa H, Sonoda Y, Kato S, Suzuki E, Matsuoka R, Kanaya T, Kiuchi F, Hada N, Kasahara T. Sulfatides inhibit adhesion, migration, and invasion of murine melanoma B16F10 cell line in vitro. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:2054-8. [PMID: 22972421 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous sulfatide, such as 3-sulfated galactosylceramide (3-sulfatide) has been reported to be involved in neuronal development and regulation of tumor cell metastasis. Recently, a new 6-sulfated glucosylceramide (6-sulfatide) has been isolated from the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. To determine the antitumor function of the new sulfatide, we examined the effects of synthetic 6-sulfatide and 3-sulfatide on the metastatic features of a murine melanoma cell line, B16F10. Both sulfatides significantly inhibited the adhesion of melanoma cells onto fibronectin-coated tissue plates and, the motility and invasion of the cells, with 6-sulfatide showing stronger inhibitory activities. In addition, both sulfatides inhibited α(5)-, and β(1)- but not α(v)- or β(3)-integrin expression. Furthermore, these sulfatides inhibited the activation of focal adhesion kinase, Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways, which are thought to be important for cell migration and invasion. Therefore, these sulfatides may serve as promising drug candidates for the treatment of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ozawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1–5–30 Shibakoen, Tokyo 105–8512, Japan
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