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Jia W, Li N, Wang J, Gong X, Ouedraogo SY, Wang Y, Zhao J, Grech G, Chen L, Zhan X. Immune-related gene methylation prognostic instrument for stratification and targeted treatment of ovarian cancer patients toward advanced 3PM approach. EPMA J 2024; 15:375-404. [PMID: 38841623 PMCID: PMC11148001 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-024-00359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is an important mechanism in epigenetics, which can change the transcription ability of genes and is closely related to the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer (OC). We hypothesize that DNA methylation is significantly different in OCs compared to controls. Specific DNA methylation status can be used as a biomarker of OC, and targeted drugs targeting these methylation patterns and DNA methyltransferase may have better therapeutic effects. Studying the key DNA methylation sites of immune-related genes (IRGs) in OC patients and studying the effects of these methylation sites on the immune microenvironment may provide a new method for further exploring the pathogenesis of OC, realizing early detection and effective monitoring of OC, identifying effective biomarkers of DNA methylation subtypes and drug targets, improving the efficacy of targeted drugs or overcoming drug resistance, and better applying it to predictive diagnosis, prevention, and personalized medicine (PPPM; 3PM) of OC. Method Hypermethylated subtypes (cluster 1) and hypomethylated subtypes (cluster 2) were established in OCs based on the abundance of different methylation sites in IRGs. The differences in immune score, immune checkpoints, immune cells, and overall survival were analyzed between different methylation subtypes in OC samples. The significant pathways, gene ontology (GO), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the identified methylation sites in IRGs were enriched. In addition, the immune-related methylation signature was constructed with multiple regression analysis. A methylation site model based on IRGs was constructed and verified. Results A total of 120 IRGs with 142 differentially methylated sites (DMSs) were identified. The DMSs were clustered into a high-level methylation group (cluster 1) and a low-level methylation group (cluster 2). The significant pathways and GO analysis showed many immune-related and cancer-associated enrichments. A methylation site signature based on IRGs was constructed, including RORC|cg25112191, S100A13|cg14467840, TNF|cg04425624, RLN2|cg03679581, and IL1RL2|cg22797169. The methylation sites of all five genes showed hypomethylation in OC, and there were statistically significant differences among RORC|cg25112191, S100A13|cg14467840, and TNF|cg04425624 (p < 0.05). This prognostic model based on low-level methylation and high-level methylation groups was significantly linked to the immune microenvironment as well as overall survival in OC. Conclusions This study provided different methylation subtypes for OC patients according to the methylation sites of IRGs. In addition, it helps establish a relationship between methylation and the immune microenvironment, which showed specific differences in biological signaling pathways, genomic changes, and immune mechanisms within the two subgroups. These data provide ones to deeply understand the mechanism of immune-related methylation genes on the occurrence and development of OC. The methylation-site signature is also to establish new possibilities for OC therapy. These data are a precious resource for stratification and targeted treatment of OC patients toward an advanced 3PM approach. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-024-00359-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuang Jia
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Ovarian Cancer Multiomics, & Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Ovarian Cancer Multiomics, & Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Gong
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Ovarian Cancer Multiomics, & Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Serge Yannick Ouedraogo
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Ovarian Cancer Multiomics, & Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Ovarian Cancer Multiomics, & Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junkai Zhao
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Ovarian Cancer Multiomics, & Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Godfrey Grech
- Department of Pathology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Ovarian Cancer Multiomics, & Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
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Elghoroury EA, Abdelghafar EE, Kamel S, Awadallah E, Shalaby A, EL-Saeed GSM, Mahmoud E, Kamel MM, Abobakr A, Yousef RN. Dysregulation of miR-122, miR-574 and miR-375 in Egyptian patients with breast cancer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298536. [PMID: 38820252 PMCID: PMC11142443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early detection of breast cancer (BC) is receiving global attention, creating an urgent need for more sensitive and comprehensive strategies for preventive intervention, therapy assessment, and prognosis prediction. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been observed in various malignancies and may be potential targets for therapy. Our study aims to examine the expression profiles of miR-375, miR-574-3p, and miR-122 in the sera of Egyptian women with BC, benign breast lesions, and a control group. We hope to determine if these miRNAs can serve as minimally invasive biomarkers for BC. METHODS This is a case-control study in which 77 patients with newly diagnosed BC, 20 patients with benign breast tumors, and 30 normal healthy subjects as controls were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the National Cancer Institute. The assessment of miRNAs was conducted using RT-PCR (Applied Biosystems). RESULTS The expression level of miRNA-122 was significantly upregulated in the BC group, while the expression levels of miRNA-574 and miRNA-375 showed significant downregulation in BC patients. Serum miR-122 and miRNA-375 were able to distinguish breast cancer from the benign and control groups in ROC curve analysis, with AUCs of 0.786 and 0.796, respectively. Our results also showed that serum miR-122 and miR-574 are significant predictor variables in the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for age. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that miR-122 may act as an onco-microRNA, while miR-574 and miR-375 may have a main tumour suppressor role. The studied miRNAs may serve as minimally invasive biomarkers for cases of breast cancer and as promising potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Elghoroury
- Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Esmat E. Abdelghafar
- Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Solaf Kamel
- Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Awadallah
- Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aliaa Shalaby
- Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamila S. M. EL-Saeed
- Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Mahmoud
- Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Kamel
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Abobakr
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Baheya Centre for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rasha Nazih Yousef
- Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Zablon F, Desai P, Dellinger K, Aravamudhan S. Cellular and Exosomal MicroRNAs: Emerging Clinical Relevance as Targets for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300532. [PMID: 38258348 PMCID: PMC11198028 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for the highest cancer cases globally, with 12% of occurrences progressing to metastatic breast cancer with a low survival rate and limited effective early intervention strategies augmented by late diagnosis. Moreover, a low concentration of prognostic and predictive markers hinders disease monitoring. Circulating and exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently shown a considerable interplay in breast cancer, standing out as effective diagnostic and prognostic markers. The primary functions are as gene regulatory agents at the genetic and epigenetic levels. An array of dysregulated miRNAs stimulates cancer-promoting mechanisms, activating oncogenes and controlling tumor-suppressing genes and mechanisms. Exosomes are vastly studied extracellular vesicles, carrying, and transporting cargo, including noncoding RNAs with premier roles in oncogenesis. Translocation of miRNAs from the circulation to exosomes, with RNA-binding proteins in stress-induced conditions, has shown significant cooperation in function to promote breast cancer. This review examines cellular and exosomal miRNA biogenesis and loading, the clinical implications of their dysregulation, their function in diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of breast cancer, and in regulating cancer signaling pathways. The influence of cellular and exosomal miRNAs presents clinical significance on breast cancer diagnosis, subtyping, staging, prediction, and disease monitoring during treatment, hence a potent marker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Zablon
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina, A & T State University, 2904 E. Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC-27401
| | - Parth Desai
- University of North Carolina, Greensboro, 2904 E. Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC-27401
| | - Kristen Dellinger
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina, A & T State University, 2904 E. Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC-27401
| | - Shyam Aravamudhan
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina, A & T State University, 2904 E. Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC-27401
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Akhtar MF, Afzaal A, Saleem A, Roheel A, Khan MI, Imran M. A comprehensive review on the applications of ferrite nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Med Oncol 2024; 41:53. [PMID: 38198041 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Various conventional treatments including endocrine therapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy have been used for several decades to treat breast cancer; however, these therapies exhibit various life-threatening and debilitating adverse effects in patients. Additionally, combination therapies are required for prompt action as well as to prevent drug resistance toward standard breast cancer medications. Ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly gaining momentum for their application in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Spinel ferrites are particularly used against breast cancer and have shown in vitro and in vivo better efficacy as compared to conventional cancer therapies. Magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, magnetic particle imaging tracers, cell separation, and immune assays are some aspects related to the diagnosis of breast cancer against which different ferrite NPs have been successfully evaluated. Moreover, citrate-coated nickel ferrite, Mg/Zn ferrites, poly amidoamine dendrimers, cobalt ferrites, graphene oxide cobalt ferrites, doxorubicin functionalized cobalt ferrites, chitosan-coated zinc ferrites, PEG-coated cobalt ferrite, and copper ferrite NPs have demonstrated antiproliferative action against different breast cancer cells. Oxaliplatin-loaded polydopamine/BSA-copper ferrites, functionalized cobalt and zinc ferrites of curcumin, oxaliplatin-copper ferrite NPs, tamoxifen/diosgenin encapsulated ZnO/Mn ferrites, and fabricated core-shell fibers of doxorubicin have been developed to increase the bioavailability and anti-proliferative effect and decrease the toxicity of anticancer drugs. These ferrite NPs showed an anticancer effect at different doses in the presence or absence of an external magnetic field. The present review covers the in-depth investigations of ferrite NPs for the diagnosis and management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Aysha Afzaal
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Amna Roheel
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, 91911, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
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Abdullaev B, Rasyid SA, Ali E, Al-Dhalimy AMB, Mustafa YF, Fenjan MN, Misra N, Al-Musawi SG, Alawadi A, Alsalamy A. Effective exosomes in breast cancer: focusing on diagnosis and treatment of cancer progression. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154995. [PMID: 38113765 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent aggressive malignant tumor in women worldwide and develops from breast tissue. Although cutting-edge treatment methods have been used and current mortality rates have decreased, BC control is still not satisfactory. Clarifying the underlying molecular mechanisms will help clinical options. Extracellular vesicles known as exosomes mediate cellular communication by delivering a variety of biomolecules, including proteins, oncogenes, oncomiRs, and even pharmacological substances. These transferable bioactive molecules can alter the transcriptome of target cells and affect signaling pathways that are related to tumors. Numerous studies have linked exosomes to BC biology, including therapeutic resistance and the local microenvironment. Exosomes' roles in tumor treatment resistance, invasion, and BC metastasis are the main topics of discussion in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekhzod Abdullaev
- Research Department of Biotechnology, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Central Asian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
| | - Sri Anggarini Rasyid
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Mandala Waluya University, Kendari, South East Sulawesi, Indonesia.
| | - Eyhab Ali
- college of chemistry, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Iraq
| | - Mohammed N Fenjan
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Neeti Misra
- Department of Management, Uttaranchal Institute of Management, Uttaranchal University, India
| | | | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Iraq
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Du S, Qu H, Zhang Y, Zhu S, Wang Y, Zhang S, Wang Z, Yang Q, Fu S, Dong K. MiR-375 promotes cisplatin sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154765. [PMID: 37625279 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has been widely used in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the development of cisplatin resistance becomes a major obstacle impeding the curative effect. It remains necessary to uncover the molecular mechanism of cisplatin resistance. METHODS Based on the CCLE database, lung cancer cell lines were divided into cisplatin-resistant and cisplatin-sensitive groups. The differentially expressed miRNAs were filtered and further identified by survival prognosis analysis. After transfection with miR-375 inhibitor or mimic, cell cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometry and western blot were conducted to validate the role of miR-375. The transcription factor (TF)-miRNA network was constructed based on TransmiR. The target genes of miR-375 were predicted by Starbase and further verified by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry results in the Human Protein Atlas. Functional enrichment analysis was performed with GO terms and KEGG. RESULTS In this study, miR-375 showed the ability to promote cisplatin sensitivity and apoptosis of LUAD. Genes correlated with miR-375 in LUAD were analyzed and ABCC8 showed the strongest positive correlation. Moreover, transcription factors that regulate miR-375 expression were predicted. MBNL1, PTPN3, PRKD1 and RPN1 were identified as the target genes of miR-375. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that miR-375-related genes associated with promoting cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis were involved in the MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Overall, this study provides new insights into the role of miR-375 in the cisplatin sensitivity of LUAD. Our present findings may serve as a theoretical basis for new therapeutic strategies and predictive models of cisplatin resistance in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuomeng Du
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Han Qu
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shihao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shuopeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Songbin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Kexian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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Santana MDFM, Sawada MIBAC, Santos AS, Reis M, Xavier J, Côrrea-Giannella ML, Hirata AHDL, Gebrim LH, Soriano FG, Camacho CP, Passarelli M. Increased Expression of miR-223-3p and miR-375-3p and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in HDL of Newly Diagnosed Women in Advanced Stages of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12762. [PMID: 37628945 PMCID: PMC10454463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of inflammation-related miRs bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), the anti-inflammatory activity of HDLs isolated from individuals with breast cancer, and controls were determined. Forty newly diagnosed women with breast cancer naïve of treatment and 10 control participants were included. Cholesterol-loaded bone-marrow-derived macrophages were incubated with HDL from both groups and challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Interleukin 6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the medium were quantified. The miRs in HDLs were determined by RT-qPCR. Age, body mass index, menopausal status, plasma lipids, and HDL composition were similar between groups. The ability of HDL to inhibit IL6 and TNF production was higher in breast cancer compared to controls, especially in advanced stages of the disease. The miR-223-3p and 375-3p were higher in the HDLs of breast cancer independent of the histological type of the tumor and had a high discriminatory power between breast cancer and controls. The miR-375-3p was greater in the advanced stages of the disease and was inversely correlated with the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Inflammation-related miRs and the anti-inflammatory role of HDLs may have a significant impact on breast cancer pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique de Fatima Mello Santana
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM 10), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil;
| | - Maria Isabela Bloise Alves Caldas Sawada
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (M.I.B.A.C.S.); (M.R.); (J.X.); (C.P.C.)
- Hospital da Força Aérea de São Paulo, São Paulo 02012-021, Brazil
| | - Aritania Sousa Santos
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaio (LIM 18), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.S.S.); (M.L.C.-G.); (A.H.d.L.H.)
| | - Mozania Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (M.I.B.A.C.S.); (M.R.); (J.X.); (C.P.C.)
- Unidade Básica de Saúde Dra. Ilza Weltman Hutzler, São Paulo 02472-180, Brazil
| | - Jacira Xavier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (M.I.B.A.C.S.); (M.R.); (J.X.); (C.P.C.)
- Unidade Básica de Saúde Dra. Ilza Weltman Hutzler, São Paulo 02472-180, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Côrrea-Giannella
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaio (LIM 18), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.S.S.); (M.L.C.-G.); (A.H.d.L.H.)
| | - Andrea Harumy de Lima Hirata
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaio (LIM 18), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.S.S.); (M.L.C.-G.); (A.H.d.L.H.)
| | - Luiz Henrique Gebrim
- Centro de Referência da Saúde da Mulher–Hospital Pérola Byington, São Paulo 01215-000, Brazil;
| | - Francisco Garcia Soriano
- Laboratório de Emergências Clínicas (LIM 51), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil;
| | - Cleber Pinto Camacho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (M.I.B.A.C.S.); (M.R.); (J.X.); (C.P.C.)
| | - Marisa Passarelli
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM 10), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (M.I.B.A.C.S.); (M.R.); (J.X.); (C.P.C.)
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Ma L, Li C, Yin H, Huang J, Yu S, Zhao J, Tang Y, Yu M, Lin J, Ding L, Cui Q. The Mechanism of DNA Methylation and miRNA in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119360. [PMID: 37298314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in the world. Currently, the main treatments for breast cancer are radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and surgery. The treatment measures for breast cancer depend on the molecular subtype. Thus, the exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for breast cancer remains a hotspot in research. In breast cancer, a high level of expression of DNMTs is highly correlated with poor prognosis, that is, the abnormal methylation of tumor suppressor genes usually promotes tumorigenesis and progression. MiRNAs, as non-coding RNAs, have been identified to play key roles in breast cancer. The aberrant methylation of miRNAs could lead to drug resistance during the aforementioned treatment. Therefore, the regulation of miRNA methylation might serve as a therapeutic target in breast cancer. In this paper, we reviewed studies on the regulatory mechanisms of miRNA and DNA methylation in breast cancer from the last decade, focusing on the promoter region of tumor suppressor miRNAs methylated by DNMTs and the highly expressed oncogenic miRNAs inhibited by DNMTs or activating TETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyuan Ma
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Hanlin Yin
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Jiashu Huang
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Shenghao Yu
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Yongxu Tang
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Min Yu
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
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9
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Saviana M, Le P, Micalo L, Del Valle-Morales D, Romano G, Acunzo M, Li H, Nana-Sinkam P. Crosstalk between miRNAs and DNA Methylation in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1075. [PMID: 37239435 PMCID: PMC10217889 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are some of the most well-characterized regulators of gene expression. Integral to several physiological processes, their aberrant expression often drives the pathogenesis of both benign and malignant diseases. Similarly, DNA methylation represents an epigenetic modification influencing transcription and playing a critical role in silencing numerous genes. The silencing of tumor suppressor genes through DNA methylation has been reported in many types of cancer and is associated with tumor development and progression. A growing body of literature has described the crosstalk between DNA methylation and miRNAs as an additional layer in the regulation of gene expression. Methylation in miRNA promoter regions inhibits its transcription, while miRNAs can target transcripts and subsequently regulate the proteins responsible for DNA methylation. Such relationships between miRNA and DNA methylation serve an important regulatory role in several tumor types and highlight a novel avenue for potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the crosstalk between DNA methylation and miRNA expression in the pathogenesis of cancer and describe how miRNAs influence DNA methylation and, conversely, how methylation impacts the expression of miRNAs. Finally, we address how these epigenetic modifications may be leveraged as biomarkers in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Nana-Sinkam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1250 E. Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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10
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Deregulation of miR-375 Inhibits HOXA5 and Promotes Migration, Invasion, and Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04375-3. [PMID: 36701095 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a highly aggressive tumour and one of the women's leading causes of cancer-related deaths in worldwide. MiR-375 overexpressed in BC cells, and its biological relevance is largely unknown. Here in, we explored the function of miR-375 in BC. MicroRNA-375 targets were predicted by online target prediction tools and found that HOXA5 is one of the potential targets. MTT assay was employed to assess the effect of miR-375 on cell proliferation, where migration and invasion transwell assays were applied to detect cell migratory and invasive ability. Besides, relative expression of miR-375 and HOXA5 was measured in BC and HEK-293 cells, and its downstream gene target expressions were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot. In this study, we found that miR-375 expression was higher in BC cell lines than in the HEK-293 cell line, whereas HOXA5 expression was significantly lower. Our study showed that exogenous inhibition of miR-375 promoted HOXA5 expression; on the contrary, miR-375 mimics down-regulated HOXA5 expression level. Knockdown of miR-375 expression in BC cells reduces cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by inverse correlation expression of HOXA5. Our findings associated that miR-375 accelerated apoptosis evasion, proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting HOXA5. In addition, nucleolin interferes in miR-375 biogenesis while silencing of nucleolin significantly reduced miR-375 expression and increased HOXA5 expression in BC. Thus, miR-375/HOXA5 axis may represent a potential therapeutic target for BC treatment.
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11
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Association between diabetes and cancer. Current mechanistic insights into the association and future challenges. Mol Cell Biochem 2022:10.1007/s11010-022-04630-x. [PMID: 36565361 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Compelling pieces of epidemiological, clinical, and experimental research have demonstrated that Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor associated with increased cancer incidence and mortality in many human neoplasms. In the pathophysiology context of DM, many of the main classical actors are relevant elements that can fuel the different steps of the carcinogenesis process. Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, metabolic inflammation, and dyslipidemia are among the classic contributors to this association. Furthermore, new emerging actors have received particular attention in the last few years, and compelling data support that the microbiome, the epigenetic changes, the reticulum endoplasmic stress, and the increased glycolytic influx also play important roles in promoting the development of many cancer types. The arsenal of glucose-lowering therapeutic agents used for treating diabetes is wide and diverse, and a growing body of data raised during the last two decades has tried to clarify the contribution of therapeutic agents to this association. However, this research area remains controversial, because some anti-diabetic drugs are now considered as either promotors or protecting elements. In the present review, we intend to highlight the compelling epidemiological shreds of evidence that support this association, as well as the mechanistic contributions of many of these potential pathological mechanisms, some controversial points as well as future challenges.
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12
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Crosstalk between Methylation and ncRNAs in Breast Cancer: Therapeutic and Diagnostic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415759. [PMID: 36555400 PMCID: PMC9779155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, as a highly heterogeneous malignant tumor, is one of the primary causes of death among females worldwide. The etiology of breast cancer involves aberrant epigenetic mechanisms and abnormal expression of certain non-coding RNA (ncRNAs). DNA methylation, N6-methyladenosine(m6A), and histone methylation are widely explored epigenetic regulation types in breast cancer. ncRNAs are a group of unique RNA transcripts, mainly including microRNA (miRNAs), long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs), circular RNA (circRNAs), small interfering RNA (siRNAs), piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs), etc. Different types of methylation and ncRNAs mutually regulate and interact to form intricate networks to mediate precisely breast cancer genesis. In this review, we elaborate on the crosstalk between major methylation modifications and ncRNAs and discuss the role of their interaction in promoting breast cancer oncogenesis. This review can provide novel insights into establishing a new diagnostic marker system on methylation patterns of ncRNAs and therapeutic perspectives of combining ncRNA oligonucleotides and phytochemical drugs for breast cancer therapy.
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13
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The Role of miR-375-3p, miR-210-3p and Let-7e-5p in the Pathological Response of Breast Cancer Patients to Neoadjuvant Therapy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58101494. [PMID: 36295655 PMCID: PMC9608077 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Prediction of response to therapy remains a continuing challenge in treating breast cancer, especially for identifying molecular tissue markers that best characterize resistant tumours. Microribonucleic acids (miRNA), known as master modulators of tumour phenotype, could be helpful candidates for predicting drug resistance. We aimed to assess the association of miR-375-3p, miR-210-3p and let-7e-5p in breast cancer tissues with pathological response to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) and clinicopathological data. Material and methods: Sixty female patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer at The Oncology Institute “Ion Chiricuță”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (IOCN) were included in this study. Before patients received any treatment, fresh breast tissue biopsies were collected through core biopsy under echographic guidance and processed for total RNA extraction and miRNA quantification. The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Invasive Carcinoma (TCGA-BRCA) database was used as an independent external validation cohort. Results: miR-375-3p expression was associated with more differentiated tumours, hormone receptor presence and lymphatic invasion. According to the Miller–Payne system, a higher miR-375-3p expression was calculated for patients that presented with intermediate versus (vs.) no pathological response. Higher miR-210-3p expression was associated with an improved response to NAT in both Miller–Payne and RCB evaluation systems. Several druggable mRNA targets were correlated with miR-375-3p and miR-210-3p expression, with upstream analysis using the IPA knowledge base revealing a list of possible chemical and biological targeting drugs. Regarding let-7e-5p, no significant association was noticed with any of the analysed clinicopathological data. Conclusions: Our results suggest that tumours with higher levels of miR-375-3p are more sensitive to neoadjuvant therapy compared to resistant tumours and that higher miR-210-3p expression in responsive tumours could indicate an excellent pathological response.
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14
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Sukocheva OA, Lukina E, Friedemann M, Menschikowski M, Hagelgans A, Aliev G. The crucial role of epigenetic regulation in breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance: Current findings and future perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 82:35-59. [PMID: 33301860 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) cell de-sensitization to Tamoxifen (TAM) or other selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulators (SERM) is a complex process associated with BC heterogeneity and the transformation of ER signalling. The most influential resistance-related mechanisms include modifications in ER expression and gene regulation patterns. During TAM/SERM treatment, epigenetic mechanisms can effectively silence ER expression and facilitate the development of endocrine resistance. ER status is efficiently regulated by specific epigenetic tools including hypermethylation of CpG islands within ER promoters, increased histone deacetylase activity in the ER promoter, and/or translational repression by miRNAs. Over-methylation of the ER α gene (ESR1) promoter by DNA methyltransferases was associated with poor prognosis and indicated the development of resistance. Moreover, BC progression and spreading were marked by transformed chromatin remodelling, post-translational histone modifications, and expression of specific miRNAs and/or long non-coding RNAs. Therefore, targeted inhibition of histone acetyltransferases (e.g. MYST3), deacetylases (e.g. HDAC1), and/or demethylases (e.g. lysine-specific demethylase LSD1) was shown to recover and increase BC sensitivity to anti-estrogens. Indicated as a powerful molecular instrument, the administration of epigenetic drugs can regain ER expression along with the activation of tumour suppressor genes, which can in turn prevent selection of resistant cells and cancer stem cell survival. This review examines recent advances in the epigenetic regulation of endocrine drug resistance and evaluates novel anti-resistance strategies. Underlying molecular mechanisms of epigenetic regulation will be discussed, emphasising the utilization of epigenetic enzymes and their inhibitors to re-program irresponsive BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Sukocheva
- Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
| | - Elena Lukina
- Discipline of Biology, College of Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Markus Friedemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital `Carl Gustav Carus`, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Mario Menschikowski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital `Carl Gustav Carus`, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Albert Hagelgans
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital `Carl Gustav Carus`, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Institute of Human Morphology», 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation; GALLY International Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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15
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Matveeva NA, Baulina NM, Kiselev IS, Titov BV, Favorova OO. MiRNA miR-375 as a Multifunctional Regulator of the Cardiovascular System. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Zhang Y, Wu Y, Luo S, Yang C, Zhong G, Huang G, Zhang X, Li B, Liu C, Li L, Yan X, Zheng L, Situ B. DNA Nanowire Guided-Catalyzed Hairpin Assembly Nanoprobe for In Situ Profiling of Circulating Extracellular Vesicle-Associated MicroRNAs. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1075-1085. [PMID: 35312297 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle-associated miRNAs (EV-miRNAs) are emerging as a new type of noninvasive biomarker for disease diagnosis. Their relatively low abundance, however, makes accurate detection challenging. Here, we designed a DNA nanowire guided-catalyzed hairpin assembly (NgCHA) nanoprobe for profiling EV-miRNAs. NgCHA showed high penetrability to EVs, which allowed rapid delivery of the probes into EVs. In the presence of targeted miRNAs within EVs, a fluorescent signal could be generated and amplified by confining the catalytic hairpin assembly system within the nanowires, thus greatly enhancing the analytical sensitivity. We showed that EV-miRNAs from various cell lines could be accurately quantified by NgCHA in situ. By using a four-EV-miRNA panel, this platform can identify patients with breast cancer at an early stage with 95.2% sensitivity and 86.7% specificity. Its applications for risk assessment as well as cancer type prediction were also successfully demonstrated. This platform is sensitive, low-cost, and simple compared with current methods. It may thus serve as a promising tool for the noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of cancers and other diseases through EV-miRNA profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shihua Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guoni Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Xiaohe Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunchen Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bo Situ
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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17
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Ketkar M, Dutt S. Epigenetic Regulation Towards Acquired Drug Resistance in Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:473-502. [PMID: 36301503 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Therapy resistance remains the most challenging obstacle in cancer treatment. Substantial efforts and evidences have accumulated over decades suggesting not only genetic but non-genomic mechanisms underlying this adaptation of tumor cells. Alterations in epigenome can have a fundamental effect on cellular functions and response to stresses like anticancer therapy. This chapter discusses the principal mechanisms by which epigenetic modifications in the genome and transcriptome aid tumor cells toward acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Ketkar
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Shilpee Dutt
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
- ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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18
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Ren S, Tan X, Fu MZ, Ren S, Wu X, Chen T, Latham PS, Lin P, Man YG, Fu SW. Downregulation of miR-375 contributes to ERBB2-mediated VEGFA overexpression in esophageal cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:7138-7146. [PMID: 34729115 PMCID: PMC8558641 DOI: 10.7150/jca.63836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a lethal cancer with an extremely aggressive nature and poor survival rate. However, the molecular mechanisms driving the occurrence and progression of EC are not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate the expression of protein-coding genes. miRNA-mediated gene regulation plays an important role in EC. By cross-referencing studies from NCBI, we found that microRNA-375 (miR-375) is one of the most frequently downregulated miRNAs in EC. We assessed expression of miR-375 in EC cell lines and primary EC tissues and their matched normal tissues. We found significant downregulation of miR-375 in both cell lines and EC tissues. Forced expression of miR-375 attenuated EC cell proliferation and invasion. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, ERBB2), a known proto-oncogene, was identified here as one of the potential target genes of miR-375. Ectopic expression of miR-375 significantly suppressed the expression of ERBB2 and subsequently downregulated one of its target genes, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), which is related to cancer invasion and metastasis. These findings suggest that miR-375 acts as a tumor suppressor by blocking the ERBB2/VEGFA pathway with the potential to modulate the occurrence and/ or progression of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchang Ren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Xiaohui Tan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Melinda Z Fu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Shuyang Ren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Patricia S Latham
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Paul Lin
- Department of Surgery, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Yan-Gao Man
- Department of Pathology, Hackensack Meridian Health-Hackensack, University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; the International Union for Difficult to treat Diseases (IUDD), Silver Spring, MD
| | - Sidney W Fu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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19
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Epigenetic Dysregulations in Merkel Cell Polyomavirus-Driven Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111464. [PMID: 34768895 PMCID: PMC8584046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a small DNA virus with oncogenic potential. MCPyV is the causative agent of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC), a rare but aggressive tumor of the skin. The role of epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone posttranslational modifications (HPTMs), DNA methylation, and microRNA (miRNA) regulation on MCPyV-driven MCC has recently been highlighted. In this review, we aim to describe and discuss the latest insights into HPTMs, DNA methylation, and miRNA regulation, as well as their regulative factors in the context of MCPyV-driven MCC, to provide an overview of current findings on how MCPyV is involved in the dysregulation of these epigenetic processes. The current state of the art is also described as far as potentially using epigenetic dysregulations and related factors as diagnostic and prognostic tools is concerned, in addition to targets for MCPyV-driven MCC therapy. Growing evidence suggests that the dysregulation of HPTMs, DNA methylation, and miRNA pathways plays a role in MCPyV-driven MCC etiopathogenesis, which, therefore, may potentially be clinically significant for this deadly tumor. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms and related factors may improve diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy for MCPyV-driven MCC.
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20
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Karimpour M, Ravanbakhsh R, Maydanchi M, Rajabi A, Azizi F, Saber A. Cancer driver gene and non-coding RNA alterations as biomarkers of brain metastasis in lung cancer: A review of the literature. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112190. [PMID: 34560543 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BM) is the most common event in patients with lung cancer. Despite multimodal treatments and advances in systemic therapies, development of BM remains one of the main factors associated with poor prognosis and mortality in patients with lung cancer. Therefore, better understanding of mechanisms involved in lung cancer brain metastasis (LCBM) is of great importance to suppress cancer cells and to improve the overall survival of patients. Several cancer-related genes such as EGFR and KRAS have been proposed as potential predictors of LCBM. In addition, there is ample evidence supporting crucial roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in mediating LCBM. In this review, we provide comprehensive information on risk assessment, predictive, and prognostic panels for early detection of BM in patients with lung cancer. Moreover, we present an overview of LCBM molecular mechanisms, cancer driver genes, and ncRNAs which may predict the risk of BM in lung cancer patients. Recent clinical studies have focused on determining mechanisms involved in LCBM and their association with diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment outcomes. These studies have shown that alterations in EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, and ALK, as the most frequent coding gene alterations, and dysregulation of ncRNAs such as miR-423, miR-330-3p, miR-145, piR-651, and MALAT1 can be considered as potential biomarkers of LCBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Karimpour
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Ravanbakhsh
- Department of Aquatic Biotechnology, Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Melika Maydanchi
- Zimagene Medical Genetics Laboratory, Avicenna St., Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ali Rajabi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Azizi
- Genetics Office, Non-Communicable Disease Control Department, Public Health Department, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Saber
- Zimagene Medical Genetics Laboratory, Avicenna St., Hamedan, Iran.
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21
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Filippova EA, Pronina IV, Burdennyy AM, Kazubskaya TP, Loginov VI, Braga EA. The Profile of MicroRNA Expression and a Group of Genes in Breast Cancer: Relationship to Tumor Progression and Immunohistochemical Status. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421090027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Mao S, Zheng S, Lu Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang G, Xu H, Huang J, Lei Y, Liu C, Sun N, He J. Exosomal miR-375-3p breaks vascular barrier and promotes small cell lung cancer metastasis by targeting claudin-1. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:3155-3172. [PMID: 34430355 PMCID: PMC8350081 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background High incidence of metastasis is the main cause of death for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), with its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Exosomal miRNAs are important regulators in metastatic processes of various tumors, but their specific role in SCLC metastasis is unknown. Methods Small RNA sequencing followed by qRT-PCR verification was used to screen the potential exosomal miRNAs that might mediate SCLC metastasis. SCLC-cell-secreted exosomes were labeled followed by incubating with vascular endothelial cells to evaluate exosome-mediated communication between SCLC cells and vascular endothelial cells. In vitro permeability assay and transendothelial migration assay were applied to investigate the function of exosomal miRNA on vascular endothelial cells. In vivo permeability assay and mouse lung colonization assay were used to verify the effects of exosomal miRNA on vascular barriers and SCLC metastasis in vivo. Proteomics technology, dual-luciferase reporter system together with rescue assays were conducted to excavate the downstream pathways of miRNA. Results Compared with 57 healthy volunteers and 46 non-small cell lung cancer patients, we identified that the level of exosomal miR-375-3p in 126 SCLC patients was obviously higher and was positively correlated with patient TNM stages. In vitro functional experiments found that SCLC-cell-secreted exosomal miR-375-3p could increase the permeability of vascular endothelial cells and facilitate the transendothelial migration of SCLC cells. In vivo, miR-375-3p-enriched exosomes also destroyed the barrier structure of lung, liver and brain tissues of mice, leaded to an increased blood vessel permeability and finally promoted SCLC metastasis. Mechanistically, SCLC-cell-secreted exosomal miR-375-3p was transferred to vascular endothelial cells. The internalized miR-375-3p broke the tight junction of vascular endothelial cells by directedly binding to the 3’UTR of tight junction protein claudin-1 and negatively regulating its expression. Overexpressing claudin-1 in vascular endothelial cells could rescue the broken vascular barriers induced by miR-375-3p. Conclusions Our findings underline the crucial roles of exosomal miRNA-375-3p in regulating vascular endothelial barrier integrity and SCLC metastasis. miRNA-375-3p has a great potential to be a novel biomarker monitoring metastasis and guiding clinical therapeutics of SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sufei Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiliang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Comprehensive Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbing Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengming Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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23
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Sabo AA, Dudau M, Constantin GL, Pop TC, Geilfus CM, Naccarati A, Dragomir MP. Two Worlds Colliding: The Interplay Between Natural Compounds and Non-Coding Transcripts in Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:652074. [PMID: 34295245 PMCID: PMC8290364 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.652074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease and has recently become the leading cause of death in western countries, representing an immense public health burden. When it comes to cancer treatment, chemotherapy is one of the main pillars, especially for advanced stage tumors. Over the years, natural compounds have emerged as one of the most valuable resources for new chemotherapies. It is estimated that more than half of the currently used chemotherapeutic agents are derived from natural compounds. Usually, natural compounds are discovered empirically and an important limitation of introducing new anti-cancer natural products is lack of knowledge with regard to their mechanism of action. Recent data has proven that several natural compounds may function via modulating the expression and function of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). NcRNAs are a heterogenous class of RNA molecules which are usually not translated into proteins but have an important role in gene expression regulation and are involved in multiple tumorigenic processes, including response/resistance to pharmacotherapy. In this review, we will discuss how natural compounds function via ncRNAs while summarizing the available data regarding their effects on over 15 types of cancer. Moreover, we will critically analyze the current advances and limitations in understanding the way natural compounds exert these health-promoting effects by acting on ncRNAs. Finally, we will propose several hypotheses that may open new avenues and perspectives regarding the interaction between natural compounds and ncRNAs, which could lead to improved natural compound-based therapeutic strategies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru A Sabo
- Pediatrics 2 (General and Special Pediatrics), Klinikum Stuttgart, Olgahospital, Zentrum für Kinder, Jugend- und Frauenmedizin, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria Dudau
- Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - George L Constantin
- Division of Soil Science and Site Science, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tudor C Pop
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Christoph-M Geilfus
- Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- IIGM Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Mihnea P Dragomir
- Department of Surgery, Fundeni Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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24
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Youns M, Askoura M, Abbas HA, Attia GH, Khayyat AN, Goda RM, Almalki AJ, Khafagy ES, Hegazy WAH. Celastrol Modulates Multiple Signaling Pathways to Inhibit Proliferation of Pancreatic Cancer via DDIT3 and ATF3 Up-Regulation and RRM2 and MCM4 Down-Regulation. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3849-3860. [PMID: 34194230 PMCID: PMC8238076 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s313933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the most serious and lethal human cancers with a snowballing incidence around the world. The natural product celastrol has also been widely documented as a potent anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-oxidant. Purpose To elucidate the antitumor effect of celastrol on pancreatic cancer cells and its modulatory role on whole genome expression. Methods The antitumor activity of celastrol on a panel of pancreatic cancer cells has been evaluated by Sulforhodamine B assay. Caspase 3/7 and histone-associated DNA fragments assays were done for apoptosis measurement. Additionally, prostaglandin (PGE2) inhibition was evaluated. Moreover, a microarray gene expression profiling was carried out to detect possible key players that modulate the antitumor effects of celastrol on cells of pancreatic cancer. Results Our findings indicated that celastrol suppresses the cellular growth of pancreatic cancer cells, induces apoptosis, and inhibits PGE2 production. Celastrol modulated many signaling genes and its cytotoxic effect was mainly mediated via over-expression of ATF3 and DDIT3, and down-expression of RRM2 and MCM4. Conclusion The current study aims to be a starting point to generate a hypothesis on the most significant regulatory genes and for a full dissection of the celastrol possible effects on each single gene to prevent the pancreatic cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Youns
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Momen Askoura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hisham A Abbas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gouda H Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafr El-Shiekh University, Kafr El-Shiekh, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahdab N Khayyat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham M Goda
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmad J Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41552, Egypt
| | - Wael A H Hegazy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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25
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Karimi F, Mollaei H. Potential of miRNAs in cervical cancer chemoresistance. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Lu RQ, Wu LX, Zhang J, Qin YZ, Liu YR, Lai YY, Jiang H, Chang YJ, Ruan GR, Huang XJ. Prognostic value of RASD1 transcript levels in adult Philadelphia-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:9-15. [PMID: 33357137 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2020.1860359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ras-related dexamethasone-induced 1 (RASD1) is abnormally expressed in many solid cancers. However, its potential role in adults with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is unclear. Therefore, we aim to clarify the abnormal expression of the tumor-associated biomarker, RASD1, as a potential target for diagnosis and prognosis in adult Philadelphia-negative B-ALL. METHODS The expression of RASD1 was detected with RT-qPCR in 92 adults with de novo Ph-negative B-ALL and 40 healthy controls. The correlation between RASD1 transcript levels and relapse was assessed. RESULTS RASD1 transcript levels in patients with Ph-negative B-ALL (median 81.76%, range 0.22%-1824.52%) were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (7.59%, 0.46%-38.66%; P<0.0001). Patients with low RASD1 transcript levels had a lower 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS, 47.5% [32.9%, 62.1%] vs. 63.1% [49.0%, 77.2%]; P = 0.012) and a higher 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR, 52.0% [37.4%, 66.6%] vs. 36.2% [22.2%, 50.2%]; P = 0.013) especially in patients receiving chemotherapy only. Multivariate analysis showed that a low RASD1 transcript level was an independent risk factor for RFS (HR = 2.938 [1.427, 6.047], P = 0.003) and CIR (HR = 3.367 [1.668, 6.796], P = 0.001) in patients with Ph-negative B-ALL. CONCLUSIONS RASD1 transcript levels were significantly higher in patients with Ph-negative B-ALL and a low RASD1 transcript level was independently correlated with increased relapse risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Qing Lu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xin Wu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Zhen Qin
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Rong Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Yun Lai
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Rui Ruan
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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27
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Cignarella A, Fadini GP, Bolego C, Trevisi L, Boscaro C, Sanga V, Seccia TM, Rosato A, Rossi GP, Barton M. Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Angiogenesis Inhibitors: Sex Differences and Current Challenges. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:988-1003. [PMID: 33739385 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive molecules, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelins, share cytokine-like activities and regulate endothelial cell (EC) growth, migration and inflammation. Some endothelial mediators and their receptors are targets for currently approved angiogenesis inhibitors, drugs that are either monoclonal antibodies raised towards VEGF, or inhibitors of vascular receptor protein kinases and signaling pathways. Pharmacological interference with the protective functions of ECs results in a similar spectrum of adverse effects. Clinically, the most common side effects of VEGF signaling pathway inhibition include an increase in arterial pressure, left ventricular (LV) dysfunction ultimately causing heart failure, and thromboembolic events, including pulmonary embolism, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Sex steroids such as androgens, progestins, and estrogen and their receptors (ERα, ERβ, GPER; PR-A, PR-B; AR) have been identified as important modifiers of angiogenesis, and sex differences have been reported for anti-angiogenic drugs. This review article discusses the current challenges clinicians are facing with regard to angiogenesis inhibitor treatments, including the need to consider sex differences affecting clinical efficacy and safety. We also propose areas for future research taking into account the role of sex hormone receptors and sex chromosomes. Development of new sex-specific drugs with improved target and cell-type selectivity likely will open the way personalized medicine in men and women requiring antiangiogenic therapy and result in reduced adverse effects and improved therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Bolego
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Trevisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Carlotta Boscaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Viola Sanga
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Rosato
- Venetian Cancer Institute IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Matthias Barton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.,Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,Andreas Grüntzig Foundation, Zürich, Switzerland
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28
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Mohamed RI, Bargal SA, Mekawy AS, El-Shiekh I, Tuncbag N, Ahmed AS, Badr E, Elserafy M. The overexpression of DNA repair genes in invasive ductal and lobular breast carcinomas: Insights on individual variations and precision medicine. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247837. [PMID: 33662042 PMCID: PMC7932549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, analyzing the transcriptomic profile of patients is essential to tailor the appropriate therapy. In this study, we explored transcriptional differences between two invasive breast cancer subtypes; infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) and lobular carcinoma (LC) using RNA-Seq data deposited in the TCGA-BRCA project. We revealed 3854 differentially expressed genes between normal ductal tissues and IDC. In addition, IDC to LC comparison resulted in 663 differentially expressed genes. We then focused on DNA repair genes because of their known effects on patients' response to therapy and resistance. We here report that 36 DNA repair genes are overexpressed in a significant number of both IDC and LC patients' samples. Despite the upregulation in a significant number of samples, we observed a noticeable variation in the expression levels of the repair genes across patients of the same cancer subtype. The same trend is valid for the expression of miRNAs, where remarkable variations between patients' samples of the same cancer subtype are also observed. These individual variations could lie behind the differential response of patients to treatment. The future of cancer diagnostics and therapy will inevitably depend on high-throughput genomic and transcriptomic data analysis. However, we propose that performing analysis on individual patients rather than a big set of patients' samples will be necessary to ensure that the best treatment is determined, and therapy resistance is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwaa I. Mohamed
- Center for Informatics Sciences (CIS), Nile University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salma A. Bargal
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa S. Mekawy
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Iman El-Shiekh
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nurcan Tuncbag
- Graduate School of Informatics, Department of Health Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alaa S. Ahmed
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Badr
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- * E-mail: (EB); (ME)
| | - Menattallah Elserafy
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- * E-mail: (EB); (ME)
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29
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Zellinger B, Bodenhofer U, Engländer IA, Kronberger C, Strasser P, Grambozov B, Fastner G, Stana M, Reitsamer R, Sotlar K, Sedlmayer F, Zehentmayr F. Hsa-miR-375/RASD1 Signaling May Predict Local Control in Early Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121404. [PMID: 33255991 PMCID: PMC7759924 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In order to characterize the various subtypes of breast cancer more precisely and improve patients selection for breast conserving therapy (BCT), molecular profiling has gained importance over the past two decades. MicroRNAs, which are small non-coding RNAs, can potentially regulate numerous downstream target molecules and thereby interfere in carcinogenesis and treatment response via multiple pathways. The aim of the current two-phase study was to investigate whether hsa-miR-375-signaling through RASD1 could predict local control (LC) in early breast cancer. Results: The patient and treatment characteristics of 81 individuals were similarly distributed between relapse (n = 27) and control groups (n = 54). In the pilot phase, the primary tumors of 28 patients were analyzed with microarray technology. Of the more than 70,000 genes on the chip, 104 potential hsa-miR-375 target molecules were found to have a lower expression level in relapse patients compared to controls (p-value < 0.2). For RASD1, a hsa-miR-375 binding site was predicted by an in silico search in five mRNA-miRNA databases and mechanistically proven in previous pre-clinical studies. Its expression levels were markedly lower in relapse patients than in controls (p-value of 0.058). In a second phase, this finding could be validated in an independent set of 53 patients using ddPCR. Patients with enhanced levels of hsa-miR-375 compared to RASD1 had a higher probability of local relapse than those with the inverse expression pattern of the two markers (log-rank test, p-value = 0.069). Conclusion: This two-phase study demonstrates that hsa-miR-375/RASD1 signaling is able to predict local control in early breast cancer patients, which—to our knowledge—is the first clinical report on a miR combined with one of its downstream target proteins predicting LC in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zellinger
- radART—Institute for Research and Development on Advanced Radiation Technologies, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.Z.); (I.A.E.); (F.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (C.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Ulrich Bodenhofer
- School of Informatics, Communications and Media, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Softwarepark 11, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria;
- Institute for Machine Learning, Campus Science Park 3, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Immanuela A. Engländer
- radART—Institute for Research and Development on Advanced Radiation Technologies, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.Z.); (I.A.E.); (F.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.G.); (G.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Cornelia Kronberger
- Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (C.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Peter Strasser
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Brane Grambozov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.G.); (G.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Gerd Fastner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.G.); (G.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Markus Stana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.G.); (G.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Roland Reitsamer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (C.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Felix Sedlmayer
- radART—Institute for Research and Development on Advanced Radiation Technologies, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.Z.); (I.A.E.); (F.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.G.); (G.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Franz Zehentmayr
- radART—Institute for Research and Development on Advanced Radiation Technologies, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.Z.); (I.A.E.); (F.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.G.); (G.F.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-57255-58915
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30
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Duică F, Condrat CE, Dănila CA, Boboc AE, Radu MR, Xiao J, Li X, Creţoiu SM, Suciu N, Creţoiu D, Predescu DV. MiRNAs: A Powerful Tool in Deciphering Gynecological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:591181. [PMID: 33194751 PMCID: PMC7646292 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.591181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence on the clinical roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer prevention and control has revealed the emergence of new genetic techniques that have improved the understanding of the mechanisms essential for pathology induction and progression. Comprehension of the modifications and individual differences of miRNAs and their interactions in the pathogenesis of gynecological malignancies, together with an understanding of the phenotypic variations have considerably improved the management of the diagnosis and personalized treatment for different forms of cancer. In recent years, miRNAs have emerged as signaling molecules in biological pathways involved in different categories of cancer and it has been demonstrated that these molecules could regulate cancer-relevant processes, our focus being on malignancies of the gynecologic tract. The aim of this paper is to summarize novel research findings in the literature regarding the parts that miRNAs play in cancer-relevant processes, specifically regarding gynecological malignancy, while emphasizing their pivotal role in the disruption of cancer-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Duică
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Elena Condrat
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cezara Alina Dănila
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Elena Boboc
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Raluca Radu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Sanda Maria Creţoiu
- Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Suciu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoş Creţoiu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoş-Valentin Predescu
- Department of General Surgery, Sf. Maria Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Regulatory Mechanisms of Epigenetic miRNA Relationships in Human Cancer and Potential as Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102922. [PMID: 33050637 PMCID: PMC7600069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary By the virtue of targeting multiple genes, a microRNA (miRNA) can infer variable consequences on tumorigenesis by appearing as both a tumour suppressor and oncogene. miRNAs can regulate gene expression by modulating genome-wide epigenetic status of genes that are involved in various cancers. These miRNAs perform direct inhibition of key mediators of the epigenetic machinery, such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) genes. Along with miRNAs gene expression, similar to other protein-coding genes, miRNAs are also controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. Overall, this reciprocal interaction between the miRNAs and the epigenetic architecture is significantly implicated in the aberrant expression of miRNAs detected in various human cancers. Comprehensive knowledge of the miRNA-epigenetic dynamics in cancer is essential for the discovery of novel anticancer therapeutics. Abstract Initiation and progression of cancer are under both genetic and epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic modifications including alterations in DNA methylation, RNA and histone modifications can lead to microRNA (miRNA) gene dysregulation and malignant cellular transformation and are hereditary and reversible. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which regulate the expression of specific target genes through degradation or inhibition of translation of the target mRNA. miRNAs can target epigenetic modifier enzymes involved in epigenetic modulation, establishing a trilateral regulatory “epi–miR–epi” feedback circuit. The intricate association between miRNAs and the epigenetic architecture is an important feature through which to monitor gene expression profiles in cancer. This review summarises the involvement of epigenetically regulated miRNAs and miRNA-mediated epigenetic modulations in various cancers. In addition, the application of bioinformatics tools to study these networks and the use of therapeutic miRNAs for the treatment of cancer are also reviewed. A comprehensive interpretation of these mechanisms and the interwoven bond between miRNAs and epigenetics is crucial for understanding how the human epigenome is maintained, how aberrant miRNA expression can contribute to tumorigenesis and how knowledge of these factors can be translated into diagnostic and therapeutic tool development.
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Adehin A, Kennedy MA, Soyinka JO, Alatise OI, Olasehinde O, Bolaji OO. Breast Cancer and Tamoxifen: A Nigerian Perspective to Effective Personalised Therapy. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2020; 12:123-130. [PMID: 33116814 PMCID: PMC7548221 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s266314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen-receptor positivity in tumour, often requiring long-term tamoxifen therapy, is thought to characterise between 43% and 65% of breast cancer cases in Nigeria. The patient population is further marked by late-stage diagnosis which significantly heightens the tendency for tumour relapse in the course of tamoxifen therapy. Despite tamoxifen being considered a reliable chemopreventive in high-risk individuals and an effective adjuvant therapy for hormone-sensitive tumours, mortality has remained high among breast cancer patients in the West African region where Nigeria belongs. The Nigerian breast cancer population, like other similar patient-populations in the West African region, provides a mix of intrinsic genome-diversity and perhaps unique tumour biology and evolution. These peculiarities suggest the need for a rational approach to tumour management and a personalised delivery of therapy in Nigeria's dominant estrogen-receptor-positive patient population. Herein, critical indices of tamoxifen-therapy success are discussed in the context of the Nigerian breast cancer population with emphasis on salient aspects of tamoxifen-biotransformation, host- and tumour-genomics, and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayorinde Adehin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Martin Alexander Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science; Carney Centre of Pharmacogenomics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Julius Olugbenga Soyinka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Isaac Alatise
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olalekan Olasehinde
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Oluseye Oladotun Bolaji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Karimzadeh MR, Pourdavoud P, Ehtesham N, Qadbeigi M, Asl MM, Alani B, Mosallaei M, Pakzad B. Regulation of DNA methylation machinery by epi-miRNAs in human cancer: emerging new targets in cancer therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:157-174. [PMID: 32773776 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Disruption in DNA methylation processes can lead to alteration in gene expression and function that would ultimately result in malignant transformation. In this way, studies have shown that, in cancers, methylation-associated silencing inactivates tumor suppressor genes, as effectively as mutations. DNA methylation machinery is composed of several genes, including those with DNA methyltransferases activity, proteins that bind to methylated cytosine in the promoter region, and enzymes with demethylase activity. Based on a prominent body of evidence, DNA methylation machinery could be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) called epi-miRNAs. Numerous studies demonstrated that dysregulation in DNA methylation regulators like upstream epi-miRNAs is indispensable for carcinogenesis; consequently, the malignant capacity of these cells could be reversed by restoring of this regulatory system in cancer. Conceivably, recognition of these epi-miRNAs in cancer cells could not only reveal novel molecular entities in carcinogenesis, but also render promising targets for cancer therapy. In this review, at first, we have an overview of the methylation alteration in cancers, and the effect of this phenomenon in miRNAs expression and after that, we conduct an in-depth discussion about the regulation of DNA methylation regulators by epi-miRNAs in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Karimzadeh
- Department of medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | | | - Naeim Ehtesham
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Masood Movahedi Asl
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrang Alani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Meysam Mosallaei
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahram Pakzad
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
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Hashemi SM, Hashemi M, Bahari G, Khaledi A, Danesh H, Allahyari A. Relationship between rs6715345 Polymorphisms of MIR-375 Gene and rs4939827 of SMAD-7 Gene in Women with Breast Cancer and Healthy Women: A Case-Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2479-2484. [PMID: 32856881 PMCID: PMC7771934 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.8.2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of breast cancer has been established. Genetic mutations play a significant role in determining the risk factors of cancer. The polymorphism of these two genes can alter their expression. This study has been performed to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of rs6715345 of miR-375 gene and rs4939827 of the SMAD7 gene and development of breast cancer in a population in southeastern Iran. METHODS This case-control study was performed on the blood sample of 205 patients with breast cancer and 225 healthy individuals for investigating the rs34917480 and rs4939827 polymorphisms using the PCR-RFLP method. The data were analyzed by t-test, χ2, and logistic regression. The SPSS v18.0 used for data analysis. RESULTS The findings of this study indicated that the risk of developing breast cancer does not have a significant relationship with rs6715345 polymorphism of miR-375 gene (p=0.1). However, the rs4939827 polymorphism of the SMAD7 gene was significantly linked to the risk of developing breast cancer in the southeastern population in Iran (p=0.01). CONCLUSION The results suggest that the rs4939827 polymorphism of the SMAD7 gene can lead to an increased risk of incidence of breast cancer in the southeastern population in Iran.<br />.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Mehdi Hashemi
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Department Of Internal Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Hematology And Medical Oncology Ward, Ali-Ebne-Abitalelb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bahari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Hoseinali Danesh
- Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgeon, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Allahyari
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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35
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Abdalla F, Singh B, Bhat HK. MicroRNAs and gene regulation in breast cancer. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22567. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Abdalla
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy University of Missouri‐Kansas City Kansas City Missouri
| | - Bhupendra Singh
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy University of Missouri‐Kansas City Kansas City Missouri
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories Lancaster PA 17605
| | - Hari K. Bhat
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy University of Missouri‐Kansas City Kansas City Missouri
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36
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Wong JS, Cheah YK. Potential miRNAs for miRNA-Based Therapeutics in Breast Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2020; 6:E29. [PMID: 32668603 PMCID: PMC7549352 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna6030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can post-transcriptionally regulate the genes involved in critical cellular processes. The aberrant expressions of oncogenic or tumor suppressor miRNAs have been associated with cancer progression and malignancies. This resulted in the dysregulation of signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and survival, metastasis, cancer recurrence and chemoresistance. In this review, we will first (i) provide an overview of the miRNA biogenesis pathways, and in vitro and in vivo models for research, (ii) summarize the most recent findings on the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) that could potentially be used for miRNA-based therapy in the treatment of breast cancer and (iii) discuss the various therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sheng Wong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Yoke Kqueen Cheah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
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Long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 01446 facilitates the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells through interacting with the histone lysine-specific demethylase LSD1. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:522. [PMID: 32651355 PMCID: PMC7351757 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidences illustrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exhibited widespread effects on the progression of human cancers via various mechanisms. Long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 01446 (LINC01446), a 3484-bp ncRNA, is known to locate at chromosome 7p12.1. However, its biological functions and specific action mechanism in gastric cancer (GC) are still unclear. In our study, LINC01446 was proved to be markedly upregulated in GC tissues relative to the normal tissues, and positively correlated with the poor survival of GC patients. The multivariate Cox regression model showed that LINC01446 functioned as an independent prognostic factor for the survival of GC patients. Functionally, LINC01446 facilitated the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that LINC01446 knockdown primarily regulated the genes relating to the growth and migration of GC. Mechanistically, LINC01446 could widely interact with histone lysine-specific demethylase LSD1 and recruit LSD1 to the Ras-related dexamethasone-induced 1 (RASD1) promoter, thereby suppressing RASD1 transcription. Overall, these findings suggest that LINC01446/LSD1/RASD1 regulatory axis may provide bona fide targets for anti-GC therapies.
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MicroRNAs as Guardians of the Prostate: Those Who Stand before Cancer. What Do We Really Know about the Role of microRNAs in Prostate Biology? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134796. [PMID: 32645914 PMCID: PMC7370012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths of men in the Western world. Despite recent advancement in genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics to understand prostate cancer biology and disease progression, castration resistant metastatic prostate cancer remains a major clinical challenge and often becomes incurable. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), about 22-nucleotide-long non-coding RNAs, are a group of regulatory molecules that mainly work through post-transcriptional gene silencing via translational repression. Expression analysis studies have revealed that miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in cancers and have been recognized as regulators of prostate cancer progression. In this critical review, we provide an analysis of reported miRNA functions and conflicting studies as they relate to expression levels of specific miRNAs and prostate cancer progression; oncogenic and/or tumor suppressor roles; androgen receptor signaling; epithelial plasticity; and the current status of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This review focuses on select miRNAs, highly expressed in normal and cancer tissue, to emphasize the current obstacles faced in utilizing miRNA data for significant impacts on prostate cancer therapeutics.
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Dissecting miRNA facilitated physiology and function in human breast cancer for therapeutic intervention. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 72:46-64. [PMID: 32497683 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key epigenomic regulators of biological processes in animals and plants. These small non coding RNAs form a complex networks that regulate cellular function and development. MiRNAs prevent translation by either inactivation or inducing degradation of mRNA, a major concern in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Aberrant regulation of gene expression by miRNAs is frequently observed in cancer. Overexpression of various 'oncomiRs' and silencing of tumor suppressor miRNAs are associated with various types of human cancers, although overall downregulation of miRNA expression is reported as a hallmark of cancer. Modulations of the total pool of cellular miRNA by alteration in genetic and epigenetic factors associated with the biogenesis of miRNA machinery. It also depends on the availability of cellular miRNAs from its store in the organelles which affect tumor development and cancer progression. Here, we have dissected the roles and pathways of various miRNAs during normal cellular and molecular functions as well as during breast cancer progression. Recent research works and prevailing views implicate that there are two major types of miRNAs; (i) intracellular miRNAs and (ii) extracellular miRNAs. Concept, that the functions of intracellular miRNAs are driven by cellular organelles in mammalian cells. Extracellular miRNAs function in cell-cell communication in extracellular spaces and distance cells through circulation. A detailed understanding of organelle driven miRNA function and the precise role of extracellular miRNAs, pre- and post-therapeutic implications of miRNAs in this scenario would open several avenues for further understanding of miRNA function and can be better exploited for the treatment of breast cancers.
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40
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Omori MA, Marañón‐Vásquez GA, Romualdo PC, Martins Neto EC, Stuani MBS, Matsumoto MAN, Nelson‐Filho P, Proff P, León JE, Kirschneck C, Küchler EC. Effect of ovariectomy on maxilla and mandible dimensions of female rats. Orthod Craniofac Res 2020; 23:342-350. [DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Ayumi Omori
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Guido Artemio Marañón‐Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics School of Dentistry Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Priscilla Coutinho Romualdo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Evandro Carneiro Martins Neto
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Periodontology School of dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Sasso Stuani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Mirian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson‐Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics University Medical Centre of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Jorge Esquiche León
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics University Medical Centre of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Erika C. Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
- Department of Dentistry Universidade Positivo Curitiba Brazil
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41
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Tang W, Li GS, Li JD, Pan WY, Shi Q, Xiong DD, Mo CH, Zeng JJ, Chen G, Feng ZB, Huang SN, Rong MH. The role of upregulated miR-375 expression in breast cancer: An in vitro and in silico study. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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42
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Lan C, Peng H, Hutvagner G, Li J. Construction of competing endogenous RNA networks from paired RNA-seq data sets by pointwise mutual information. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:943. [PMID: 31874629 PMCID: PMC6929403 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) can act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to compete with an mRNA for binding to the same miRNA. Such an interplay between the lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA is called a ceRNA crosstalk. As an miRNA may have multiple lncRNA targets and multiple mRNA targets, connecting all the ceRNA crosstalks mediated by the same miRNA forms a ceRNA network. Methods have been developed to construct ceRNA networks in the literature. However, these methods have limits because they have not explored the expression characteristics of total RNAs. RESULTS We proposed a novel method for constructing ceRNA networks and applied it to a paired RNA-seq data set. The first step of the method takes a competition regulation mechanism to derive candidate ceRNA crosstalks. Second, the method combines a competition rule and pointwise mutual information to compute a competition score for each candidate ceRNA crosstalk. Then, ceRNA crosstalks which have significant competition scores are selected to construct the ceRNA network. The key idea, pointwise mutual information, is ideally suitable for measuring the complex point-to-point relationships embedded in the ceRNA networks. CONCLUSION Computational experiments and results demonstrate that the ceRNA networks can capture important regulatory mechanism of breast cancer, and have also revealed new insights into the treatment of breast cancer. The proposed method can be directly applied to other RNA-seq data sets for deeper disease understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowang Lan
- Advanced Analytics Institute, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Hui Peng
- Advanced Analytics Institute, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Gyorgy Hutvagner
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jinyan Li
- Advanced Analytics Institute, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Bioinformatics analysis of regulatory elements of the CD151 gene and insilico docking of CD151 with diallyl sulfide. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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Han SH, Mo JS, Park WC, Chae SC. Reduced microRNA 375 in colorectal cancer upregulates metadherin-mediated signaling. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:6495-6507. [PMID: 31802830 PMCID: PMC6886017 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i44.6495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human microRNA 375 (MIR375) is significantly downregulated in human colorectal cancer (CRC) and we have previously shown that MIR375 is a CRC-associated miRNA. The metadherin (MTDH) is a candidate target gene of MIR375.
AIM To investigate the interaction and function between MIR375 and MTDH in human CRC.
METHODS A luciferase reporter system was used to confirm the effect of MIR375 on MTDH expression. The expression levels of MIR375 and the target genes were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, or immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS MTDH expression was found to be upregulated in human CRC tissues compared to that in healthy controls. We show that MIR375 regulates the expression of many genes involved in the MTDH-mediated signal transduction pathways [BRAF-MAPK and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate-3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA)-AKT] in CRC cells. Upregulated MTDH expression levels were found to inhibit NF-κB inhibitor alpha, which further upregulated NFKB1 and RELA expression in CRC cells.
CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that suppressing MIR375 expression in CRC regulates cell proliferation and angiogenesis by increasing MTDH expression. Thus, MIR375 may be of therapeutic value in treating human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol-Hee Han
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 54538, South Korea
| | - Ji-Su Mo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 54538, South Korea
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 54538, South Korea
| | - Won-Cheol Park
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 54538, South Korea
| | - Soo-Cheon Chae
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 54538, South Korea
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 54538, South Korea
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Syed SN, Frank AC, Raue R, Brüne B. MicroRNA-A Tumor Trojan Horse for Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121482. [PMID: 31766495 PMCID: PMC6953083 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) significantly contribute to the regulation of gene expression, by virtue of their ability to interact with a broad, yet specific set of target genes. MiRs are produced and released by almost every cell type and play an important role in horizontal gene regulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In the TME, both tumor and stroma cells cross-communicate via diverse factors including miRs, which are taking central stage as a therapeutic target of anti-tumor therapy. One of the immune escape strategies adopted by tumor cells is to release miRs as a Trojan horse to hijack circulating or tumor-localized monocytes/macrophages to tune them for pro-tumoral functions. On the other hand, macrophage-derived miRs exert anti-tumor functions. The transfer of miRs from host to recipient cells depends on the supramolecular structure and composition of miR carriers, which determine the distinct uptake mechanism by recipient cells. In this review, we provide a recent update on the miR-mediated crosstalk between tumor cells and macrophages and their mode of uptake in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Nawaz Syed
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.N.S.); (A.-C.F.); (R.R.)
| | - Ann-Christin Frank
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.N.S.); (A.-C.F.); (R.R.)
| | - Rebecca Raue
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.N.S.); (A.-C.F.); (R.R.)
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.N.S.); (A.-C.F.); (R.R.)
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-7424
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Liu J, Wang P, Zhang P, Zhang X, Du H, Liu Q, Huang B, Qian C, Zhang S, Zhu W, Yang X, Xiao Y, Liu Z, Luo D. An integrative bioinformatics analysis identified miR-375 as a candidate key regulator of malignant breast cancer. J Appl Genet 2019; 60:335-346. [PMID: 31372832 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-019-00507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators that play important biological roles in carcinogenesis and are promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapy. hsa-miR-375-3p (miR-375) has been suggested to serve as a tumor suppressor or oncogene in various tumor types; however, its specific expression and potential regulatory role in malignant breast cancer remain unclear. In this study, the results from noncoding RNA microarray analysis indicated that the miR-375 expression level is significantly decreased in malignant basal-like breast cancer compared with luminal-like breast cancer. A total of 1895 co-downregulated and 1645 co-upregulated genes were identified in miR-375 mimic-transfected basal-like breast cancer cell lines. Predicted miR-375 targets were obtained from the online databases TargetScan and DIANA-microT-CDS. Combined KEGG enrichment analysis for coregulated genes and predicted miR-375 targets provided information and revealed differences in potential dynamic signaling pathways regulated by miR-375 and also indicated specific regulatory pathways, such as RNA transport and processing, in basal-like breast cancer. Additionally, gene expression microarray analysis accompanied by UALCAN analysis was performed to screen upregulated genes in the basal-like subtype. Four potential key genes, including LDHB, CPNE8, QKI, and EIF5A2, were identified as candidate target genes of miR-375. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that miR-375 may be a potential key regulator and provide a promising direction for diagnostic and therapeutic developments for malignant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Liu
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330002, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hang Du
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330002, Jiangxi, China
| | - Caiyun Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yingqun Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330002, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zhuoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Daya Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Yan C, Hu J, Yang Y, Hu H, Zhou D, Ma M, Xu N. Plasma extracellular vesicle‑packaged microRNAs as candidate diagnostic biomarkers for early‑stage breast cancer. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3991-4002. [PMID: 31545424 PMCID: PMC6797958 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle-packaged microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of circulating miRNAs located in the plasma that are packaged into extracellular vesicles. The present study examined the expression profiles of extracellular vesicles and tissue miRNAs with the aim of investigating the miRNA signatures in early-stage breast cancer. The present study identified and compared the extracellular vesicle-packaged miRNA expression signature and tissue miRNA expression signature from healthy individuals (n=10) and patients with early-stage breast cancer (n=12). A total of five miRNAs, including miRNA-375, miRNA-24-2-5p, miRNA-548b-5p, miRNA-655-3P and miRNA-376b-5p, were synchronized in extracellular vesicles and tissues of the breast cancer group when compared with the healthy group. The highest area under the curve (AUC) for a single miRNA was achieved with miRNA-548b-5p [AUC=0.785; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.585–0.984; P=0.022]. The highest overall AUC was achieved by the combination of miRNA-375, miRNA-655-3p, miRNA-548b-5p and miRNA-24-2-5p (AUC=0.808; 95% CI=0.629–0.986; P=0.013). The Kaplan-Meier curves and log test analysis results of these five miRNAs, especially those for miRNA-548b-5p, were partly consistent with the hypothesis. Two miRNAs (miRNA-548b-5p and miRNA-376b-5p) were positively associated with patient survival, while two miRNAs (miRNA-375 and miRNA-24-2-5p) were negatively associated with patient survival. The present study provided a set of plasma extracellular vesicle-packaged miRNA-based biomarkers for the diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Jintao Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Yipeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Dongxian Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Min Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Nan Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
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Tay KC, Tan LTH, Chan CK, Hong SL, Chan KG, Yap WH, Pusparajah P, Lee LH, Goh BH. Formononetin: A Review of Its Anticancer Potentials and Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:820. [PMID: 31402861 PMCID: PMC6676344 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a complex yet common disease, is caused by uncontrolled cell division and abnormal cell growth due to a variety of gene mutations. Seeking effective treatments for cancer is a major research focus, as the incidence of cancer is on the rise and drug resistance to existing anti-cancer drugs is major concern. Natural products have the potential to yield unique molecules and combinations of substances that may be effective against cancer with relatively low toxicity/better side effect profile compared to standard anticancer therapy. Drug discovery work with natural products has demonstrated that natural compounds display a wide range of biological activities correlating to anticancer effects. In this review, we discuss formononetin (C16H12O4), which originates mainly from red clovers and the Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus. The compound comes from a class of 7-hydroisoflavones with a substitution of methoxy group at position 4. Formononetin elicits antitumorigenic properties in vitro and in vivo by modulating numerous signaling pathways to induce cell apoptosis (by intrinsic pathway involving Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 proteins) and cell cycle arrest (by regulating mediators like cyclin A, cyclin B1, and cyclin D1), suppress cell proliferation [by signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B (PI3K/AKT), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway], and inhibit cell invasion [by regulating growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 proteins]. Co-treatment with other chemotherapy drugs such as bortezomib, LY2940002, U0126, sunitinib, epirubicin, doxorubicin, temozolomide, and metformin enhances the anticancer potential of both formononetin and the respective drugs through synergistic effect. Compiling the evidence thus far highlights the potential of formononetin to be a promising candidate for chemoprevention and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ching Tay
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Sok Lai Hong
- Centre for Research Services, Institute of Research Management and Services, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Medical Health and Translational Research Group (MHTR), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore, Pakistan
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49
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Poddar S, Kesharwani D, Datta M. miR-449a regulates insulin signalling by targeting the Notch ligand, Jag1 in skeletal muscle cells. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:84. [PMID: 31345231 PMCID: PMC6659245 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-449a, an intronic miRNA, is highly down-regulated in the skeletal muscle during diabetes. Its levels are epigenetically regulated by altered acetylation/deacetylation on the promoter that it shares with its host gene, Cdc20b. However, the cellular role of this epigenetically regulated miRNA in the muscle during diabetes is not well understood. Here, we sought to unravel the crosstalk between altered miR-449a expression and impaired skeletal muscle metabolism. METHODS Predicted targets of miR-449a were extracted using online available target prediction tools. Differentiated C2C12 cells were transfected with the miR-449a mimic and/or its inhibitor and the levels of the target mRNA and protein was evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western Blot analysis. This was validated by luciferase wild type and mutated constructs of the target 3'UTR. Inhibition of Notch signalling was assessed by evaluating the transcript levels of Notch target genes, Hes1 and Hey1 and the status of NICD (Notch Intracellular domain) by immunofluoresence microscopy. Effect of miR-449a on insulin signalling was evaluated by monitoring insulin induced PI3K and AKT phosphorylation and glucose uptake. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells, miR-449a binds to the 3'UTR of Jag1, an important Notch ligand, and down-regulates, both its transcript and protein levels. This was, however, prevented in the presence of the miR-449a inhibitor that suggests the specificity of the miRNA effect. This was validated in human primary skeletal muscle cells where miR-449a decreased Jag1 protein levels and this was prevented in the presence of the miR-449a inhibitor. This miR-449a-Jag1 interaction subsequently affects the Notch signalling pathway as was evident by the fact that miR-449a decreased the levels of NICD and consequently, the levels of Notch target genes, Hes1 and Hey1 were significantly inhibited. miR-449a and Notch pathway inhibition using DAPT, significantly increased insulin stimulated PI3K and AKT phosphorylation and these were prevented in the presence of the miR-449a inhibitor. CONCLUSION Our results indicate towards a critical role for miR-449a and its target, Jag1 in regulating Notch signalling and insulin signalling in the skeletal muscle and imply that targeting this axis might hold therapeutic potential for impaired skeletal muscle metabolism during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Poddar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Devesh Kesharwani
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Malabika Datta
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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50
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Li T, Li Y, Gan Y, Tian R, Wu Q, Shu G, Yin G. Methylation-mediated repression of MiR-424/503 cluster promotes proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells through targeting the hub gene KIF23. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1601-1618. [PMID: 31135262 PMCID: PMC6619937 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1624112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one type of gynecological malignancies with extremely high lethal rate. Abnormal proliferation and metastasis are regarded to play important roles in patients' death, whereas we know little about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Under this circumstance, our current study aims to investigate the role of hub genes in ovarian cancer. Bioinformatics analysis of the data from GEO and analyses of ovarian cancer samples were performed. Then, the results showed that KIF23, a hub gene, was mainly related to cell cycle and positively associated with poor prognosis. Meanwhile, both miR-424-5p and miR-503-5p directly targeted to 3'UTR of KIF23 to suppress the expression of KIF23 and inhibit ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, we discovered that miR-424/503 was epigenetically repressed by hypermethylation in the promoter regions, which directly modulated the expression of KIF23 to improve the oncogenic performance of cancer cells in vitro. Together, our research certifies that miR-424/503 cluster is silenced by DNA hypermethylation, which promotes the expression of KIF23, thereby regulating the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells. Interposing this process might be a novel approach in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yimin Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yaqi Gan
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ruotong Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qihan Wu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Shu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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