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Marugán C, Sanz‐Gómez N, Ortigosa B, Monfort‐Vengut A, Bertinetti C, Teijo A, González M, Alonso de la Vega A, Lallena MJ, Moreno‐Bueno G, de Cárcer G. TPX2 overexpression promotes sensitivity to dasatinib in breast cancer by activating YAP transcriptional signaling. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1531-1551. [PMID: 38357786 PMCID: PMC11161735 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer aggressiveness, providing genetic plasticity and tumor heterogeneity that allows the tumor to evolve and adapt to stress conditions. CIN is considered a cancer therapeutic biomarker because healthy cells do not exhibit CIN. Despite recent efforts to identify therapeutic strategies related to CIN, the results obtained have been very limited. CIN is characterized by a genetic signature where a collection of genes, mostly mitotic regulators, are overexpressed in CIN-positive tumors, providing aggressiveness and poor prognosis. We attempted to identify new therapeutic strategies related to CIN genes by performing a drug screen, using cells that individually express CIN-associated genes in an inducible manner. We find that the overexpression of targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) enhances sensitivity to the proto-oncogene c-Src (SRC) inhibitor dasatinib due to activation of the Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) pathway. Furthermore, using breast cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and a cohort of cancer-derived patient samples, we find that both TPX2 overexpression and YAP activation are present in a significant percentage of cancer tumor samples and are associated with poor prognosis; therefore, they are putative biomarkers for selection for dasatinib therapy.
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Grants
- 2018-20I114 Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
- 2021-AEP035 Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
- 2022-20I018 Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
- FJC2020-044620-I Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación MCIN/AEI/FEDER
- PID2019-104644RB-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación MCIN/AEI/FEDER
- PID2021-125705OB-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación MCIN/AEI/FEDER
- PID2022-136854OB-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación MCIN/AEI/FEDER
- RTI2018-095496-B-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación MCIN/AEI/FEDER
- CB16/12/00295 Instituto de Salud Carlos III - CIBERONC
- LABAE16017DECA Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation
- POSTD234371SANZ Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation
- PROYE19036MOR Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
- Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Marugán
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- Discovery Chemistry Research and TechnologyEli Lilly and CompanyMadridSpain
| | - Natalia Sanz‐Gómez
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Beatriz Ortigosa
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Ana Monfort‐Vengut
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Cristina Bertinetti
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Ana Teijo
- Pathology DepartmentMD Anderson Cancer CenterMadridSpain
| | - Marta González
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Alicia Alonso de la Vega
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - María José Lallena
- Discovery Chemistry Research and TechnologyEli Lilly and CompanyMadridSpain
| | - Gema Moreno‐Bueno
- Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- MD Anderson International FoundationMadridSpain
- Biomedical Cancer Research Network (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
- CSIC Conexión‐Cáncer Hub (https://conexion‐cancer.csic.es)
| | - Guillermo de Cárcer
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- CSIC Conexión‐Cáncer Hub (https://conexion‐cancer.csic.es)
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Liu X, Wang W, Chen B, Wang S. Integrative analysis based on the cell cycle-related genes identifies TPX2 as a novel prognostic biomarker associated with tumor immunity in breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7188-7216. [PMID: 38643462 PMCID: PMC11087105 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to identify the essential cell cycle-related genes associated with prognosis in breast cancer (BRCA), and to verify the relationship between the central gene and immune infiltration, so as to provide detailed and comprehensive information for the treatment of BRCA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression profiles (GSE10780, GSE21422, GSE61304) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) BRCA data were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and further functional enrichment analysis. STRING and Cytoscape were employed for the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. TPX2 was viewed as the crucial prognostic gene by the Survival and Cox analysis. Furthermore, the connection between TPX2 expression and immune infiltrating cells and immune checkpoints in BRCA was also performed by the TIMER online database and R software. RESULTS A total of 18 cell cycle-related DEGs were identified in this study. Subsequently, an intersection analysis based on TCGA-BRCA prognostic genes and the above DEGs identified three genes (TPX2, UBE2C, CCNE2) as crucial prognostic candidate biomarkers. Moreover, we also demonstrated that TPX2 is closely associated with immune infiltration in BRCA and a positive relation between TPX2 and PD-L1 expression was firstly detected. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed that TPX2 is a potential prognostic biomarker and closely correlated with immune infiltration in BRCA, which could provide powerful and efficient strategies for breast cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361026, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Xiamen Humanity Hospital Fujian Medical University, Xiamen 361006, China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Xiamen Humanity Hospital Fujian Medical University, Xiamen 361006, China
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Hosea R, Hillary S, Naqvi S, Wu S, Kasim V. The two sides of chromosomal instability: drivers and brakes in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:75. [PMID: 38553459 PMCID: PMC10980778 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and is associated with tumor cell malignancy. CIN triggers a chain reaction in cells leading to chromosomal abnormalities, including deviations from the normal chromosome number or structural changes in chromosomes. CIN arises from errors in DNA replication and chromosome segregation during cell division, leading to the formation of cells with abnormal number and/or structure of chromosomes. Errors in DNA replication result from abnormal replication licensing as well as replication stress, such as double-strand breaks and stalled replication forks; meanwhile, errors in chromosome segregation stem from defects in chromosome segregation machinery, including centrosome amplification, erroneous microtubule-kinetochore attachments, spindle assembly checkpoint, or defective sister chromatids cohesion. In normal cells, CIN is deleterious and is associated with DNA damage, proteotoxic stress, metabolic alteration, cell cycle arrest, and senescence. Paradoxically, despite these negative consequences, CIN is one of the hallmarks of cancer found in over 90% of solid tumors and in blood cancers. Furthermore, CIN could endow tumors with enhanced adaptation capabilities due to increased intratumor heterogeneity, thereby facilitating adaptive resistance to therapies; however, excessive CIN could induce tumor cells death, leading to the "just-right" model for CIN in tumors. Elucidating the complex nature of CIN is crucial for understanding the dynamics of tumorigenesis and for developing effective anti-tumor treatments. This review provides an overview of causes and consequences of CIN, as well as the paradox of CIN, a phenomenon that continues to perplex researchers. Finally, this review explores the potential of CIN-based anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendy Hosea
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sharon Hillary
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sumera Naqvi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shourong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Vivi Kasim
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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Rong Y, Tang MZ, Liu SH, Li XF, Cai H. Comprehensive analysis of the potential pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection and liver cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:436-457. [PMID: 38425388 PMCID: PMC10900145 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i2.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of clinical examples suggest that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears to have an impact on the treatment of patients with liver cancer compared to the normal population, and the prevalence of COVID-19 is significantly higher in patients with liver cancer. However, this mechanism of action has not been clarified. AIM To investigate the disease relevance of COVID-19 in liver cancer. METHODS Gene sets for COVID-19 (GSE180226) and liver cancer (GSE87630) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. After identifying the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of COVID-19 and liver cancer, functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction network construction and screening and analysis of hub genes were performed. Subsequently, the validation of the differential expression of hub genes in the disease was performed and the regulatory network of transcription factors and hub genes was constructed. RESULTS Of 518 common DEGs were obtained by screening for functional analysis. Fifteen hub genes including aurora kinase B, cyclin B2, cell division cycle 20, cell division cycle associated 8, nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1, etc., were further identified from DEGs using the "cytoHubba" plugin. Functional enrichment analysis of hub genes showed that these hub genes are associated with P53 signalling pathway regulation, cell cycle and other functions, and they may serve as potential molecular markers for COVID-19 and liver cancer. Finally, we selected 10 of the hub genes for in vitro expression validation in liver cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our study reveals a common pathogenesis of liver cancer and COVID-19. These common pathways and key genes may provide new ideas for further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Rong
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ming-Zheng Tang
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Song-Hua Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hui Cai
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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Zhu M, Wang X, Zhang Q, Xie C, Wang T, Shen K, Zhang L, Zhou X. Integrative analysis confirms TPX2 as a novel biomarker for clinical implication, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy response across human solid tumors. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2563-2590. [PMID: 38315450 PMCID: PMC10911359 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Targeting Protein for Xenopus Kinesin Like Protein 2 (TPX2) serves as a microtubule associated protein for the regulation of spindle assembly and tumorigenesis. We aim to investigate the prognostic and immunological role of TPX2 in pan-cancer. TCGA database, Tumor Immune Single-cell Hub (TISCH), and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) were retrieved to evaluate the expression pattern of TPX2 as well as its diagnostic and prognostic value in solid tumors. Genomic alterations of TPX2 were assessed with cBioPortal database. In vitro experiments in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) were performed to confirm the potential role of TPX2. Overexpression of TPX2 was found in 22 types of cancers, and was positively related with copy number variations (CNV) and negative with methylation. Up-regulated TPX2 could predict worse outcomes in the majority of cancers. Single-cell analysis revealed that TPX2 was mainly distributed in malignant cells (especially in glioma) and proliferating T cells. Genomic alteration of TPX2 was common in different types of tumors, while with prognostic value in two types of cancers. Additionally, significant correlations were found between TPX2 expression and tumor microenvironment (including stromal cells and immune cells) as well as immune related genes across cancer types. Drug sensitivity analysis revealed that TPX2 could predict response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Functional analyses demonstrated close relationship of TPX2 with immune function and malignant phenotypes. Finally, it was confirmed that knockdown of TPX2 could reduce proliferation and migration ability of LUAD cells. In summary, TPX2 could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and a potential immunotherapy marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiaping Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinghua People’s Hospital, Xinghua 225700, China
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Tongshan Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kai Shen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Guo C, Alfaro-Aco R, Zhang C, Russell RW, Petry S, Polenova T. Structural basis of protein condensation on microtubules underlying branching microtubule nucleation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3682. [PMID: 37344496 PMCID: PMC10284871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) is a key factor that stimulates branching microtubule nucleation during cell division. Upon binding to microtubules (MTs), TPX2 forms condensates via liquid-liquid phase separation, which facilitates recruitment of microtubule nucleation factors and tubulin. We report the structure of the TPX2 C-terminal minimal active domain (TPX2α5-α7) on the microtubule lattice determined by magic-angle-spinning NMR. We demonstrate that TPX2α5-α7 forms a co-condensate with soluble tubulin on microtubules and binds to MTs between two adjacent protofilaments and at the intersection of four tubulin heterodimers. These interactions stabilize the microtubules and promote the recruitment of tubulin. Our results reveal that TPX2α5-α7 is disordered in solution and adopts a folded structure on MTs, indicating that TPX2α5-α7 undergoes structural changes from unfolded to folded states upon binding to microtubules. The aromatic residues form dense interactions in the core, which stabilize folding of TPX2α5-α7 on microtubules. This work informs on how the phase-separated TPX2α5-α7 behaves on microtubules and represents an atomic-level structural characterization of a protein that is involved in a condensate on cytoskeletal filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmiao Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Raymundo Alfaro-Aco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Chunting Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Ryan W Russell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Sabine Petry
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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Zheng H, Wen W. Protein phase separation: new insights into cell division. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1042-1051. [PMID: 37249333 PMCID: PMC10415187 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
As the foundation for the development of multicellular organisms and the self-renewal of single cells, cell division is a highly organized event which segregates cellular components into two daughter cells equally or unequally, thus producing daughters with identical or distinct fates. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), an emerging biophysical concept, provides a new perspective for us to understand the mechanisms of a wide range of cellular events, including the organization of membrane-less organelles. Recent studies have shown that several key organelles in the cell division process are assembled into membrane-free structures via LLPS of specific proteins. Here, we summarize the regulatory functions of protein phase separation in centrosome maturation, spindle assembly and polarity establishment during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdan Zheng
- />Department of NeurosurgeryHuashan Hospitalthe Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceNational Center for Neurological DisordersInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Wenyu Wen
- />Department of NeurosurgeryHuashan Hospitalthe Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceNational Center for Neurological DisordersInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
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TPX2 Amplification-Driven Aberrant Mitosis in Culture Adapted Human Embryonic Stem Cells with gain of 20q11.21. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10514-4. [PMID: 36862329 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite highly effective machinery for the maintenance of genome integrity in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), the frequency of genetic aberrations during in-vitro culture has been a serious issue for future clinical applications. METHOD By passaging hESCs over a broad range of timepoints (up to 6 years), the isogenic hESC lines with different passage numbers with distinct cellular characteristics, were established. RESULT We found that mitotic aberrations, such as the delay of mitosis, multipolar centrosomes, and chromosome mis-segregation, were increased in parallel with polyploidy compared to early-passaged hESCs (EP-hESCs) with normal copy number. Through high-resolution genome-wide approaches and transcriptome analysis, we found that culture adapted-hESCs with a minimal amplicon in chromosome 20q11.21 highly expressed TPX2, a key protein for governing spindle assembly and cancer malignancy. Consistent with these findings, the inducible expression of TPX2 in EP-hESCs reproduced aberrant mitotic events, such as the delay of mitotic progression, spindle stabilization, misaligned chromosomes, and polyploidy. CONCLUSION These studies suggest that the increased transcription of TPX2 in culture adapted hESCs could contribute to an increase in aberrant mitosis due to altered spindle dynamics.
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9
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Kim YJ, Go YH, Jeong HC, Kwon EJ, Kim SM, Cheong HS, Kim W, Shin HD, Lee H, Cha HJ. TPX2 prompts mitotic survival via the induction of BCL2L1 through YAP1 protein stabilization in human embryonic stem cells. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:32-42. [PMID: 36596852 PMCID: PMC9898288 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations have been reported for decades in most human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Survival advantage, a typical trait acquired during long-term in vitro culture, results from the induction of BCL2L1 upon frequent copy number variation (CNV) at locus 20q11.21 and is one of the strongest candidates associated with genetic alterations that occur via escape from mitotic stress. However, the underlying mechanisms for BCL2L1 induction remain unknown. Furthermore, abnormal mitosis and the survival advantage that frequently occur in late passage are associated with the expression of BCL2L1, which is in locus 20q11.21. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of TPX2, a gene located in 20q11.21, led to BCL2L1 induction and consequent survival traits under mitotic stress in isogenic pairs of hESCs and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with normal and 20q11.21 CNVs. High Aurora A kinase activity by TPX2 stabilized the YAP1 protein to induce YAP1-dependent BCL2L1 expression. A chemical inhibitor of Aurora A kinase and knockdown of YAP/TAZ significantly abrogated the high tolerance to mitotic stress through BCL2L1 suppression. These results suggest that the collective expression of TPX2 and BCL2L1 from CNV at loci 20q11.21 and a consequent increase in YAP1 signaling promote genome instability during long-term in vitro hESC culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jeong Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Go
- grid.263736.50000 0001 0286 5954Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chang Jeong
- grid.263736.50000 0001 0286 5954Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Kwon
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Min Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sub Cheong
- grid.412670.60000 0001 0729 3748Drug Information Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
| | - Wantae Kim
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Doo Shin
- grid.263736.50000 0001 0286 5954Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Haeseung Lee
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Wang H, Chen W, Qi Y, Liu D, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Yi Y, Wang J, Wu W. miR-29c Suppresses the Malignant Phenotype of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells In Vitro by Mediating TPX2 Associated with Immune Infiltration. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 68:1923-1935. [PMID: 36583803 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-29-3p, an important tumor suppressor, with inhibitory effects in multiple cancers that have been studied. Its exact molecular function is in HCC, however, still not been explored clearly. The purpose of our study is to make certain how miR-29c-3p affects HCC through TPX2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression profile data of miR-29c-3p and TPX2 were acquired and downloaded from the TCGA database, and the respective differential expression was verified by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The StarBase and dual luciferase reporter confirmed TPX2 targeting miR-29c-3p. Their effects on the biological functions of Hep3B and HepG2 were investigated by cellular assays. RESULTS miR-29-3p was found to be significantly down-regulated in HCC, and the miR-29-3p low expression group had a poor prognosis. Overexpression of miR-29-3p was detrimental to invasion and migration ability of HCC cells and promoted their apoptosis. We identified miR-29c-3p targeting TPX2 by predictive analysis. TPX2 was significantly upregulated in HCC, and patients with high TPX2 expression had a poor prognosis. TPX2 knockdown partially counteracted the promoting effect of miR-29-3p inhibition on hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and its effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cell biology was similar to miR-29c-3p overexpression. CONCLUSION miR-29c, a key gene regulating HCC, is lowly expressed in HCC, its overexpression can remarkably inhibit the biological function of tumor cells. miR-29c can perform this function by regulating the expression of TPX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Wanjin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Qi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Deng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Qikun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Yujiao Yi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Juanru Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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11
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Identification and Validation of Three Hub Genes Involved in Cell Proliferation and Prognosis of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8761112. [PMID: 36035209 PMCID: PMC9402298 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8761112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background The acquisition of castration resistance is lethal and inevitable in most prostate cancer patients under hormone therapy. However, effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets for castration-resistant prostate cancer remain to be defined. Methods Comprehensive bioinformatics tools were used to screen hub genes in castration-resistant prostate cancer and were verified in androgen-dependent prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer in TCGA and the SU2C/PCF Dream Team database, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis and in vitro experiments were performed to determine the potential functions of hub genes involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer progression. Results Three hub genes were screened out by bioinformatics analysis: MCM4, CENPI, and KNTC1. These hub genes were upregulated in castration-resistant prostate cancer and showed high diagnostic and prognostic value. Moreover, the expression levels of the hub genes were positively correlated with neuroendocrine prostate cancer scores, which represent the degree of castration-resistant prostate cancer aggression. Meanwhile, in vitro experiments confirmed that hub gene expression was increased in castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines and that inhibition of hub genes hindered cell cycle transition, resulting in suppression of castration-resistant prostate cancer cell proliferation, which confirmed the gene set enrichment analysis results. Conclusions MCM4, CENPI, and KNTC1 could serve as candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of castration-resistant prostate cancer and may provide potential preventive and therapeutic targets.
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12
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Huang CH, Han W, Wu YZ, Shen GL. Identification of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes and pro-tumorigenic role of KIF2C in melanoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:817656. [PMID: 35991567 PMCID: PMC9387026 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.817656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (SKCM) is known as an aggressive malignant cancer, which could be directly derived from melanocytic nevi. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation of melanocytes and melanoma tumor progression still remain unclear. Increasing research showed significant roles of epigenetic modifications, especially DNA methylation, in melanoma. This study focused on the identification and analysis of methylation-regulated differentially expressed genes (MeDEGs) between melanocytic nevus and malignant melanoma in genome-wide profiles.Methods: The gene expression profiling datasets (GSE3189 and GSE114445) and gene methylation profiling datasets (GSE86355 and GSE120878) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were identified via GEO2R. MeDEGs were obtained by integrating the DEGs and DMGs. Then, a functional enrichment analysis of MeDEGs was performed. STRING and Cytoscape were used to describe the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Furthermore, survival analysis was implemented to select the prognostic hub genes. Next, we conducted gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of hub genes. To validate, SKCM cell culture and lentivirus infection was performed to reveal the expression and behavior pattern of KIF2C. Patients and specimens were collected and then immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was conducted.Results: We identified 237 hypomethylated, upregulated genes and 182 hypermethylated, downregulated genes. Hypomethylation-upregulated genes were enriched in biological processes of the oxidation-reduction process, cell proliferation, cell division, phosphorylation, extracellular matrix disassembly and protein sumoylation. Pathway enrichment showed selenocompound metabolism, small cell lung cancer and lysosome. Hypermethylation-downregulated genes were enriched in biological processes of positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated and angiogenesis. The most significantly enriched pathways involved the transcriptional misregulation in cancer, circadian rhythm, tight junction, protein digestion and absorption and Hippo signaling pathway. After PPI establishment and survival analysis, seven prognostic hub genes were CKS2, DTL, KIF2C, KPNA2, MYBL2, TPX2, and FBL. Moreover, the most involved hallmarks obtained by GSEA were E2F targets, G2M checkpoint and mitotic spindle. Importantly, among the 7 hub genes, we found that down-regulated level of KIF2C expression significantly inhibited the proliferative ability of SKCM cells and suppressed the metastasis capacity of SKCM cells.Conclusions: Our study identified potential aberrantly methylated-differentially expressed genes participating in the process of malignant transformation from nevus to melanoma tissues based on comprehensive genomic profiles. Transcription profiles of CKS2, DTL, KIF2C, KPNA2, MYBL2, TPX2, and FBL provided clues of aberrantly methylation-based biomarkers, which might improve the development of precision medicine. KIF2C plays a pro-tumorigenic role and potentially inhibited the proliferative ability in SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Huang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Han
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yi-Zhu Wu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guo-Liang Shen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guo-Liang Shen,
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13
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Genetic and Epigenetic Signatures Associated with the Divergence of Aquilegia Species. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050793. [PMID: 35627179 PMCID: PMC9141525 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Widely grown in the Northern Hemisphere, the genus Aquilegia (columbine) is a model system in adaptive radiation research. While morphological variations between species have been associated with environmental factors, such as pollinators, how genetic and epigenetic factors are involved in the rapid divergence in this genus remains under investigated. In this study, we surveyed the genomes and DNA methylomes of ten Aquilegia species, representative of the Asian, European and North American lineages. Our analyses of the phylogeny and population structure revealed high genetic and DNA methylomic divergence across these three lineages. By multi-level genome-wide scanning, we identified candidate genes exhibiting lineage-specific genetic or epigenetic variation patterns that were signatures of inter-specific divergence. We demonstrated that these species-specific genetic variations and epigenetic variabilities are partially independent and are both functionally related to various biological processes vital to adaptation, including stress tolerance, cell reproduction and DNA repair. Our study provides an exploratory overview of how genetic and epigenetic signatures are associated with the diversification of the Aquilegia species.
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14
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TPX2 Serves as a Cancer Susceptibility Gene and Is Closely Associated with the Poor Prognosis of Endometrial Cancer. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:5401106. [PMID: 35356748 PMCID: PMC8942693 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5401106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common tumor of the genital tract that affects the female reproductive system but with only limited treatment options. We aimed to discover new prognostic biomarkers for EC. Methods. We used mRNA-seq data to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between EC and control tissues. Detailed clinicopathological information was collected, and changes in the mRNA and protein levels of hub DEGs were analyzed in EC. Copy number variation (CNV) was also evaluated for its association with the pathogenesis of EC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to enrich significant pathways driven by the hub genes. Cox regression analysis was used to select variables to create a nomogram. The nomogram was calibrated by applying the concordance index (C-index), and net benefits of the nomogram at different threshold probabilities were quantified using decision curve analysis (DCA). Results. Differential expression analysis identified 24 DEGs as potential risk factors for EC. Survival analysis revealed that TPX2 expression was related to worsening overall survival in patients with advanced EC. A high CNV was associated with the overexpression of TPX2; this suggested that modifications in the cell-cycle pathway might be crucial in the advancement of EC. Moreover, an individualized nomogram was developed for TPX2 incorporating clinical factors; this was also evaluated for its ability to predict EC. Calibration and DCA analyses confirmed the robustness and clinical usefulness of the nomogram. Conclusion. We offer novel insights into the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of EC. The overexpression of TPX2 was related to a poorer prognosis and could serve as a biomarker for predicting prognostic outcomes in EC patients.
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15
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McAlear TS, Bechstedt S. The mitotic spindle protein CKAP2 potently increases formation and stability of microtubules. eLife 2022; 11:72202. [PMID: 35029146 PMCID: PMC8798059 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells increase microtubule dynamics to make large rearrangements to their microtubule cytoskeleton during cell division. Changes in microtubule dynamics are essential for the formation and function of the mitotic spindle, and misregulation can lead to aneuploidy and cancer. Using in vitro reconstitution assays we show that the mitotic spindle protein Cytoskeleton-Associated Protein 2 (CKAP2) has a strong effect on nucleation of microtubules by lowering the critical tubulin concentration 100-fold. CKAP2 increases the apparent rate constant ka of microtubule growth by 50-fold and increases microtubule growth rates. In addition, CKAP2 strongly suppresses catastrophes. Our results identify CKAP2 as the most potent microtubule growth factor to date. These finding help explain CKAP2's role as an important spindle protein, proliferation marker, and oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S McAlear
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Susanne Bechstedt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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16
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Aurora Kinases as Therapeutic Targets in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancer J 2022; 28:387-400. [PMID: 36165728 PMCID: PMC9836054 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The Aurora kinases (AURKA and AURKB) have attracted attention as therapeutic targets in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Aurora kinases were first defined as regulators of mitosis that localization to the centrosome (AURKA) and centromere (AURKB), governing formation of the mitotic spindle, chromatin condensation, activation of the core mitotic kinase CDK1, alignment of chromosomes at metaphase, and other processes. Subsequently, additional roles for Aurora kinases have been defined in other phases of cell cycle, including regulation of ciliary disassembly and DNA replication. In cancer, elevated expression and activity of Aurora kinases result in enhanced or neomorphic locations and functions that promote aggressive disease, including promotion of MYC expression, oncogenic signaling, stem cell identity, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and drug resistance. Numerous Aurora-targeted inhibitors have been developed and are being assessed in preclinical and clinical trials, with the goal of improving head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treatment.
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Klauser AL, Hirschfeld M, Ritter A, Rücker G, Jäger M, Gundarova J, Weiss D, Juhasz-Böss I, Berner K, Erbes T, Asberger J. Anticarcinogenic Effects of Odorant Substances Citral, Citrathal R and Cyclovertal on Breast Cancer in vitro. BREAST CANCER: TARGETS AND THERAPY 2021; 13:659-673. [PMID: 34916844 PMCID: PMC8668161 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s322619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In 2020, breast cancer still represents the most common type of cancer in women worldwide. Depending on the specific molecular subtype, clinical breast cancer management comprises surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Furthermore, there are some therapeutic approaches from the field of complementary and alternative medicine. Current research focuses on the elucidation of new therapeutic targets for treatment development. Odorant substances affect apoptosis, proliferation and cell cycle in healthy and cancerous cells. Exact signalling pathways involved are not entirely clear. The present study aims to analyse their therapeutic potential in breast cancer. Methods This study focuses on the effect of commonly used odorant substances (citral, citrathal R, cyclovertal, para-cymol, hexylacetat, herbavert, dihydromyrcerol and limonen) on the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, T47-D and BT474. Methodologically, this study applied cell culturing, MTT assay for detection of IC50 of the odorant substance, RNA purification followed by qRT-PCR, protein isolation and Western Blot, as well as immunocytochemistry. Further, this study investigates the role of transient receptor potential channel V1 (TRPV1), involved in the mechanisms of action for some odorant substances. Therefore, capsazepine, a TRPV1 antagonist, was used. Results The odorant substances citral, citrathal R and cyclovertal have significant pro-apoptotic (p < 0.001), anti-proliferative (p < 0.001) and cell cycle-arresting effects measurable in RNA expression as well as in protein levels and immunocytochemical staining. The combination of citral and capsazepine no longer showed significant pro-apoptotic, antiproliferative, and cell cycle inhibitory effects compared to the compounds alone. This indicates that TRPV1 is necessary for the signal transduction of citral. Conclusion This present study reveals three odorant substances with effects on cell viability, indicating their potential use in breast cancer therapy. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/-gpMvmx9sCU
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Hirschfeld
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Ritter
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerta Rücker
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Jäger
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Gundarova
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Weiss
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingolf Juhasz-Böss
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kai Berner
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thalia Erbes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Asberger
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: Jasmin Asberger Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, Freiburg, 79106, GermanyTel +49 761 270 30020Fax +49 761 270 30370 Email
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18
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Wang H, Wang X, Xu L, Cao H, Zhang J. Nonnegative matrix factorization-based bioinformatics analysis reveals that TPX2 and SELENBP1 are two predictors of the inner sub-consensuses of lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2021; 10:9058-9077. [PMID: 34734491 PMCID: PMC8683537 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a heterogeneous disease. However the inner sub‐groups of LUAD have not been fully studied. Markers predicted the sub‐groups and prognosis of LUAD are badly needed. Aims To identify biomarkers associated with the sub‐groups and prognosis of LUAD. Materials and Methods Using nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering, LUAD patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and LUAD cell lines from Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) dataset were divided into different sub‐consensuses based on the gene expression profiling. The overall survival of LUAD patients in each sub‐consensus was determined by Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis. The common genes which were differentially expressed in each sub‐consensus of LUAD patients and LUAD cell lines were identified using TBtools. The predictive accuracy of TPX2 and SELENBP1 for theinner sub‐consensuses of LUAD was determined by Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. The Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis was also used to test the prognostic significance of TPX2 and SELENBP1 in LUAD patients. Results Using nonnegative matrix factorization clustering, LUAD patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GSE30219, GSE42127, GSE50081, GSE68465, and GSE72094 datasets were divided into three sub‐consensuses. Sub‐consensus3 LUAD patients were with low overall survival and were with high TP53 mutations. Similarly, LUAD cell lines were also divided into three sub‐consensuses by NMF method, and sub‐consensus2 cell lines were resistant to EGFR inhibitors. Identification of the common genes which were differentially expressed in different sub‐consensuses of LUAD patients and LUAD cell lines revealed that TPX2 was highly expressed in sub‐consensus3 LUAD patients and sub‐consensus2 LUAD cell lines. On the contrary, SELENBP1 was highly expressed in sub‐consensus1 LUAD patients and sub‐consensus1 LUAD cell lines. The expression levels of TPX2 and SELENBP1 could distinguish sub‐consensus3 LUAD patients or sub‐consensus2 LUAD cell lines from other sub‐consensuses of LUAD patients or cell lines. Moreover, compared with normal lung tissues, TPX2 was highly expressed, while, SELENBP1 was lowly expressed in LUAD tissues. Furthermore, the higher expression levels of TPX2 were associated with the lower relapse‐free survival and the lower overall survival of LUAD patients. While, the higher expression levels of SELENBP1 were associated with the higher relapse‐free survival and higher overall survival. At last, we showed that TP53 mutant LUAD patients were with higher TPX2 and lower SELENBP1 expressions. Discussion Both iCluster and NMF method are proved to be robust LUAD classification systems. However, the LUAD patients in different iclusters had no significant clinical overall survival, while, sub‐consensus3 LUAD patients from NMF classification were with lower overall survival than other sub‐consensuses. Conclusions By integrated analysis of 1765 LUAD patients and 64 LUAD cell lines, we showed that NMF was a robust inner sub‐consensuses classification method of LUAD. TPX2 and SELENBP1 were differentially expressed in different LUAD sub‐ consensuses, and predicted the inner sub‐consensuses of LUAD with high accuracy. TPX2 was an unfavorable prognostic biomarker of LUAD which was up‐regulated in LUAD tissues and associated with the low overall survival of LUAD. SELENBP1 was a favorable prognostic biomarker of LUAD which was down‐regulated in LUAD tissues and associated with the prolonged overall survival of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-human Primate, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-human Primate, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-human Primate, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hua Cao
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-human Primate, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Viais R, Fariña-Mosquera M, Villamor-Payà M, Watanabe S, Palenzuela L, Lacasa C, Lüders J. Augmin deficiency in neural stem cells causes p53-dependent apoptosis and aborts brain development. eLife 2021; 10:67989. [PMID: 34427181 PMCID: PMC8456695 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules that assemble the mitotic spindle are generated by centrosomal nucleation, chromatin-mediated nucleation, and nucleation from the surface of other microtubules mediated by the augmin complex. Impairment of centrosomal nucleation in apical progenitors of the developing mouse brain induces p53-dependent apoptosis and causes non-lethal microcephaly. Whether disruption of non-centrosomal nucleation has similar effects is unclear. Here, we show, using mouse embryos, that conditional knockout of the augmin subunit Haus6 in apical progenitors led to spindle defects and mitotic delay. This triggered massive apoptosis and abortion of brain development. Co-deletion of Trp53 rescued cell death, but surviving progenitors failed to organize a pseudostratified epithelium, and brain development still failed. This could be explained by exacerbated mitotic errors and resulting chromosomal defects including increased DNA damage. Thus, in contrast to centrosomes, augmin is crucial for apical progenitor mitosis, and, even in the absence of p53, for progression of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Viais
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcos Fariña-Mosquera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Villamor-Payà
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sadanori Watanabe
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Lluís Palenzuela
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Lacasa
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jens Lüders
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
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Meng Z, Wu J, Liu X, Zhou W, Ni M, Liu S, Guo S, Jia S, Zhang J. Identification of potential hub genes associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma via integrated bioinformatics analysis. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520910019. [PMID: 32722976 PMCID: PMC7391448 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520910019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective was to identify potential hub genes associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Gene expression profile datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCC and normal samples were identified via an integrated analysis. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed and analyzed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software, and enrichment analyses were carried out through DAVID. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis and Kaplan–Meier plotter were used to determine expression and prognostic values of hub genes. Results We identified 11 hub genes (CDK1, CCNB2, CDC20, CCNB1, TOP2A, CCNA2, MELK, PBK, TPX2, KIF20A, and AURKA) that might be closely related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of HCC. Enrichment analyses indicated that the DEGs were significantly enriched in metabolism-associated pathways, and hub genes and module 1 were highly associated with cell cycle pathway. Conclusions In this study, we identified key genes of HCC, which indicated directions for further research into diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that could facilitate targeted molecular therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Meng
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinkui Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Ni
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Guo
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Ghatnatti V, Vastrad B, Patil S, Vastrad C, Kotturshetti I. Identification of potential and novel target genes in pituitary prolactinoma by bioinformatics analysis. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:254-283. [PMID: 33709028 PMCID: PMC7940115 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary prolactinoma is one of the most complicated and fatally pathogenic pituitary adenomas. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism that drives the initiation, progression, and metastasis of pituitary prolactinoma. The aim of the present study was to identify the key genes and signaling pathways associated with pituitary prolactinoma using bioinformatics analysis. Transcriptome microarray dataset GSE119063 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Limma package in R software was used to screen DEGs. Pathway and Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were conducted to identify the biological role of DEGs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and analyzed by using HIPPIE database and Cytoscape software. Module analyses was performed. In addition, a target gene-miRNA regulatory network and target gene-TF regulatory network were constructed by using NetworkAnalyst and Cytoscape software. Finally, validation of hub genes by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. A total of 989 DEGs were identified, including 461 up regulated genes and 528 down regulated genes. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the retinoate biosynthesis II, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, ALK2 signaling events, vitamin D3 biosynthesis, cell cycle and aurora B signaling. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the sensory organ morphogenesis, extracellular matrix, hormone activity, nuclear division, condensed chromosome and microtubule binding. In the PPI network and modules, SOX2, PRSS45, CLTC, PLK1, B4GALT6, RUNX1 and GTSE1 were considered as hub genes. In the target gene-miRNA regulatory network and target gene-TF regulatory network, LINC00598, SOX4, IRX1 and UNC13A were considered as hub genes. Using integrated bioinformatics analysis, we identified candidate genes in pituitary prolactinoma, which might improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pituitary prolactinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Ghatnatti
- Department of Endocrinology, J N Medical College, Belagavi and KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Biochemistry, Basaveshwar College of Pharmacy, Gadag, Karnataka 582103, India
| | - Swetha Patil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, J N Medical College, Belagavi and KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karanataka, India
| | - Iranna Kotturshetti
- Department of Ayurveda, Rajiv Gandhi Education Society's Ayurvedic Medical College, Ron 562209, Karanataka, India
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22
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Vasudevan A, Schukken KM, Sausville EL, Girish V, Adebambo OA, Sheltzer JM. Aneuploidy as a promoter and suppressor of malignant growth. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:89-103. [PMID: 33432169 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-00321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy has been recognized as a hallmark of tumorigenesis for more than 100 years, but the connection between chromosomal errors and malignant growth has remained obscure. New evidence emerging from both basic and clinical research has illuminated a complicated relationship: despite its frequency in human tumours, aneuploidy is not a universal driver of cancer development and instead can exert substantial tumour-suppressive effects. The specific consequences of aneuploidy are highly context dependent and are influenced by a cell's genetic and environmental milieu. In this Review, we discuss the diverse facets of cancer biology that are shaped by aneuploidy, including metastasis, drug resistance and immune recognition, and we highlight aneuploidy's distinct roles as both a tumour promoter and an anticancer vulnerability.
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Loginova DB, Zhuravleva AA, Silkova OG. Random chromosome distribution in the first meiosis of F1 disomic substitution line 2R(2D) x rye hybrids (ABDR, 4× = 28) occurs without bipolar spindle assembly. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2020; 14:453-482. [PMID: 33117496 PMCID: PMC7567738 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v14.i4.55827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of the microtubule-based spindle structure in plant meiosis remains poorly understood compared with our knowledge of mitotic spindle formation. One of the approaches in our understanding of microtubule dynamics is to study spindle assembly in meiosis of amphyhaploids. Using immunostaining with phH3Ser10, CENH3 and α-tubulin-specific antibodies, we studied the chromosome distribution and spindle organisation in meiosis of F1 2R(2D)xR wheat-rye hybrids (genome structure ABDR, 4× = 28), as well as in wheat and rye mitosis and meiosis. At the prometaphase of mitosis, spindle assembly was asymmetric; one half of the spindle assembled before the other, with simultaneous chromosome alignment in the spindle mid-zone. At diakinesis in wheat and rye, microtubules formed a pro-spindle which was subsequently disassembled followed by a bipolar spindle assembly. In the first meiosis of hybrids 2R(2D)xR, a bipolar spindle was not found and the kinetochore microtubules distributed the chromosomes. Univalent chromosomes are characterised by a monopolar orientation and maintenance of sister chromatid and centromere cohesion. Presence of bivalents did not affect the formation of a bipolar spindle. Since the central spindle was absent, phragmoplast originates from "interpolar" microtubules generated by kinetochores. Cell plate development occurred with a delay. However, meiocytes in meiosis II contained apparently normal bipolar spindles. Thus, we can conclude that: (1) cohesion maintenance in centromeres and between arms of sister chromatids may negatively affect bipolar spindle formation in the first meiosis; (2) 2R/2D rye/wheat chromosome substitution affects the regulation of the random chromosome distribution in the absence of a bipolar spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina B. Loginova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, pr. Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian FederationInstitute of Cytology and GeneticsNovosibirskRussia
| | - Anastasia A. Zhuravleva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, pr. Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian FederationInstitute of Cytology and GeneticsNovosibirskRussia
| | - Olga G. Silkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, pr. Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian FederationInstitute of Cytology and GeneticsNovosibirskRussia
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Identification and Verification of Biomarker in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma via Bioinformatics and Neural Network Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6954793. [PMID: 32626756 PMCID: PMC7317307 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6954793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancer, which represents the 9th most frequently diagnosed cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of occurrence and development of ccRCC is indistinct. Therefore, the research aims to identify the hub biomarkers of ccRCC using numerous bioinformatics tools and functional experiments. Methods The public data was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the differently expressed genes (DEGs) between ccRCC and normal renal tissues were identified with GEO2R. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed, and hub genes were screened with cytoHubba. Then, ten ccRCC tumor samples and ten normal kidney tissues were obtained to verify the expression of hub genes with the RT-qPCR. Finally, the neural network model was constructed to verify the relationship among the genes. Results A total of 251 DEGs and ten hub genes were identified. AURKB, CCNA2, TPX2, and NCAPG were highly expressed in ccRCC compared with renal tissue. With the increasing expression of AURKB, CCNA2, TPX2, and NCAPG, the pathological stage of ccRCC increased gradually (P < 0.05). Patients with high expression of AURKB, CCNA2, TPX2, and NCAPG have a poor overall survival. After the verification of RT-qPCR, the expression of hub genes was same as the public data. And there were strong correlations between the AURKB, CCNA2, TPX2, and NCAPG with the verification of the neural network model. Conclusion After the identification and verification, AURKB, CCNA2, TPX2, and NCAPG might be related to the occurrence and malignant progression of ccRCC.
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25
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Zhou W, Wu J, Liu X, Ni M, Meng Z, Liu S, Jia S, Zhang J, Guo S, Zhang X. Identification of crucial genes correlated with esophageal cancer by integrated high-throughput data analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20340. [PMID: 32443386 PMCID: PMC7254712 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (ESCA) is one of the most deadly malignancies in the world. Although the management and treatment of patients with ESCA have improved, the overall 5-year survival rate is still very poor. METHODS The study aimed to identify potential key genes associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of ESCA. In the study, integrated bioinformatics methods were used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ESCA and normal tissue in the data set of gene expression profiles. The hub gene in DEGs was further analyzed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and survival analysis to explore its relationship with the pathogenesis and poor prognosis of ESCA. RESULTS 134 up-regulated genes and 183 down-regulated genes were obtained in ESCA compared with normal tissues. Moreover, the PPI network was established with 176 nodes and 800 interactions. Ten hub genes (AURKA, CDC20, BUB1, TOP2A, ASPM, DLGAP5, TPX2, CENPF, UBE2C, and NEK2) were filtered out based on the degree value. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that a variety of extracellular related items and ECM-receptor interaction pathway were all correlated with the ESCA. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study would provide some guidance for further study of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to promote ESCA treatment.
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26
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Rohrberg J, Van de Mark D, Amouzgar M, Lee JV, Taileb M, Corella A, Kilinc S, Williams J, Jokisch ML, Camarda R, Balakrishnan S, Shankar R, Zhou A, Chang AN, Chen B, Rugo HS, Dumont S, Goga A. MYC Dysregulates Mitosis, Revealing Cancer Vulnerabilities. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3368-3382.e7. [PMID: 32160543 PMCID: PMC7085414 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors that overexpress the MYC oncogene are frequently aneuploid, a state associated with highly aggressive cancers and tumor evolution. However, how MYC causes aneuploidy is not well understood. Here, we show that MYC overexpression induces mitotic spindle assembly defects and chromosomal instability (CIN) through effects on microtubule nucleation and organization. Attenuating MYC expression reverses mitotic defects, even in established tumor cell lines, indicating an ongoing role for MYC in CIN. MYC reprograms mitotic gene expression, and we identify TPX2 to be permissive for spindle assembly in MYC-high cells. TPX2 depletion blocks mitotic progression, induces cell death, and prevents tumor growth. Further elevating TPX2 expression reduces mitotic defects in MYC-high cells. MYC and TPX2 expression may be useful biomarkers to stratify patients for anti-mitotic therapies. Our studies implicate MYC as a regulator of mitosis and suggest that blocking MYC activity can attenuate the emergence of CIN and tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rohrberg
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel Van de Mark
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meelad Amouzgar
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joyce V Lee
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Moufida Taileb
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Corella
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Seda Kilinc
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Williams
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marie-Lena Jokisch
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roman Camarda
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Balakrishnan
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rama Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Alicia Zhou
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Hope S Rugo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sophie Dumont
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Goga
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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27
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Naso FD, Sterbini V, Crecca E, Asteriti IA, Russo AD, Giubettini M, Cundari E, Lindon C, Rosa A, Guarguaglini G. Excess TPX2 Interferes with Microtubule Disassembly and Nuclei Reformation at Mitotic Exit. Cells 2020; 9:E374. [PMID: 32041138 PMCID: PMC7072206 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein TPX2 is a key mitotic regulator that contributes through distinct pathways to spindle assembly. A well-characterised function of TPX2 is the activation, stabilisation and spindle localisation of the Aurora-A kinase. High levels of TPX2 are reported in tumours and the effects of its overexpression have been investigated in cancer cell lines, while little is known in non-transformed cells. Here we studied TPX2 overexpression in hTERT RPE-1 cells, using either the full length TPX2 or a truncated form unable to bind Aurora-A, to identify effects that are dependent-or independent-on its interaction with the kinase. We observe significant defects in mitotic spindle assembly and progression through mitosis that are more severe when overexpressed TPX2 is able to interact with Aurora-A. Furthermore, we describe a peculiar, and Aurora-A-interaction-independent, phenotype in telophase cells, with aberrantly stable microtubules interfering with nuclear reconstitution and the assembly of a continuous lamin B1 network, resulting in daughter cells displaying doughnut-shaped nuclei. Our results using non-transformed cells thus reveal a previously uncharacterised consequence of abnormally high TPX2 levels on the correct microtubule cytoskeleton remodelling and G1 nuclei reformation, at the mitosis-to-interphase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D. Naso
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Valentina Sterbini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Elena Crecca
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Italia A. Asteriti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Alessandra D. Russo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Maria Giubettini
- CrestOptics S.p.A., Via di Torre Rossa 66, 00165 Rome, Italy;
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Enrico Cundari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Catherine Lindon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK;
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
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28
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King MR, Petry S. Phase separation of TPX2 enhances and spatially coordinates microtubule nucleation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:270. [PMID: 31937751 PMCID: PMC6959270 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase separation of substrates and effectors is proposed to enhance biological reaction rates and efficiency. Targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) is an effector of branching microtubule nucleation in spindles and functions with the substrate tubulin by an unknown mechanism. Here we show that TPX2 phase separates into a co-condensate with tubulin, which mediates microtubule nucleation in vitro and in isolated cytosol. TPX2-tubulin co-condensation preferentially occurs on pre-existing microtubules, the site of branching microtubule nucleation, at the endogenous and physiologically relevant concentration of TPX2. Truncation and chimera versions of TPX2 suggest that TPX2-tubulin co-condensation enhances the efficiency of TPX2-mediated branching microtubule nucleation. Finally, the known inhibitor of TPX2, the importin-α/β heterodimer, regulates TPX2 condensation in vitro and, consequently, branching microtubule nucleation activity in isolated cytosol. Our study demonstrates how regulated phase separation can simultaneously enhance reaction efficiency and spatially coordinate microtubule nucleation, which may facilitate rapid and accurate spindle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R King
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Brauer Hall, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Sabine Petry
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA.
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29
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TPX2 as a Novel Prognostic Indicator and Promising Therapeutic Target in Triple-negative Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2019; 19:450-455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ognibene M, Podestà M, Garaventa A, Pezzolo A. Role of GOLPH3 and TPX2 in Neuroblastoma DNA Damage Response and Cell Resistance to Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194764. [PMID: 31557970 PMCID: PMC6801815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an aggressive, relapse-prone infancy tumor of the sympathetic nervous system and is the leading cause of death among preschool age diseases, so the search for novel therapeutic targets is crucial. Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has been reported to be involved in the development, and in the DNA damage response, of various human cancers. Golgi dispersal is a common feature of DNA damage response in mammalian cells. Understanding how cells react to DNA damage is essential in order to recognize the systems used to escape from elimination. We induced DNA damage in two human neuroblastoma cell lines by curcumin. The exposure of neuroblastoma cells to curcumin induced: (a) up-regulation of GOLPH3+ cells; (b) augmentation of double-strand breaks; (c) Golgi fragmentation and dispersal throughout the cytoplasm; (d) increase of apoptosis and autophagy; (e) increased expression of TPX2 oncoprotein, able to repair DNA damage. Primary neuroblastoma samples analysis confirmed these observations. Our findings suggest that GOLPH3 expression levels may represent a clinical marker of neuroblastoma patients’ responsiveness to DNA damaging therapies—and of possible resistance to them. Novel molecules able to interfere with GOLPH3 and TPX2 pathways may have therapeutic benefits when used in combination with standard DNA damaging therapeutic agents in neuroblastoma
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Ognibene
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post Natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy.
| | - Marina Podestà
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post Natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy.
| | - Alberto Garaventa
- Divisione di Oncologia, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Pezzolo
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post Natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy.
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Vargas-Hurtado D, Brault JB, Piolot T, Leconte L, Da Silva N, Pennetier C, Baffet A, Marthiens V, Basto R. Differences in Mitotic Spindle Architecture in Mammalian Neural Stem Cells Influence Mitotic Accuracy during Brain Development. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2993-3005.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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32
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Wang F, Zhao W, Gao Y, Zhou J, Li H, Zhang G, Guo D, Xie C, Li J, Yin Z, Zhang J. CDK5-mediated phosphorylation and stabilization of TPX2 promotes hepatocellular tumorigenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:286. [PMID: 31272499 PMCID: PMC6610961 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background CDK5, an atypical member of the CDK family, play a significant role in the tumorigenesis of multiple organ, but CDK5 and its substrates in genesis and development of HCC is still unclear. Methods Expression of CDK5 in HCC tumor and paired adjacent noncancerous tissues from 90 patients were measured by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR. The role of CDK5 in cell function and tumorigenesis was explored in HCC cell lines, ex vivo xenografts and diethylnitrosamine induced HCC model. Furthermore, comparative phosphoproteomic screening identified the oncoprotein TPX2 as a new substrate of CDK5. We also identified the effect of CDK5/P25 interaction blocker tamoxifen on HCC cell growth and migration. Results CDK5 was increased in HCC tisues and the level of CDK5 was correlated with the severity of HCC based on patient recurrence and 5-year fatality rate. Exogenously expressed CDK5 but not kinase-dead CDK5 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. Functional ablation of CDK5 significantly inhibited the exacerbation of HCC cells. Xenograft implantation of HCC cells overexpressing CDK5 promoted tumorigenesis, and genetic knockdown of CDK5 reduced HCC growth and metastasis in vivo. More importantly, heterozygous knockout CDK5 (Cdk5+/−) attenuated HCC tumorigenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine. CDK5-mediated phosphorylation of TPX2 at serine 486 promoted its protein stability. TPX2 silence could restore HCC cell migration capability with overexpression CDK5. Treatment with tamoxifen inhibited cell growth and migration of HCC, demonstrating the role of active CDK5 in HCC. Conclusions Our results suggest activation of CDK5 is associated with HCC tumorigenesis. CDK5-mediated phosphorylation and stabilization of TPX2 promotes hepatocellular proliferation and tumorigenicity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1297-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxing Zhao
- Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuehong Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseaseand Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jiechao Zhou
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Huifang Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseaseand Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Guanyun Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseaseand Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseaseand Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Chengrong Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseaseand Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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Nemec PS, Kapatos A, Holmes JC, Stowe DM, Hess PR. Cancer-testis antigens in canine histiocytic sarcoma and other malignancies. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:317-328. [PMID: 30854786 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are a category of self proteins aberrantly expressed in diverse malignancies, mostly solid tumours, due to epigenetic de-repression. Normally expressed only in fetal or gametogenic tissues, CTAs are tantalizing immunotherapy targets, since autoimmunity risks appear minimal. Few prevalent CTAs have been identified in human hematologic cancers, and just two in their veterinary counterparts. We sought to discover new CTAs in canine hematologic cancers such as histiocytic sarcoma (HS) and lymphoma to foster immunotherapy development. To accomplish this, the ligandome binding the dog leukocyte antigen (DLA)-88*508:01 class I allele overexpressed in an HS line was searched by mass spectrometry to identify possible CTA-derived peptides, which could serve as CD8+ T-cell epitopes. Twenty-two peptides mapped to 5 human CTAs and 12 additional proteins with CTA characteristics. Expression of five promising candidates was then evaluated in tumour and normal tissue by quantitative and end-point RT-PCR. The ortholog of an established CTA, IGF2BP3, had unexpectedly high expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Four other testis-enhanced proteins were also assessed. AKR1E2, SPECC1 and TPX2 were expressed variably in HS and T-cell lymphoma biopsies, but also at high levels in critical tissues, including kidney, brain and marrow, diminishing their utility. A more tissue-restricted candidate, NT5C1B, was detected in T-cell lymphomas, but also at low levels in some normal dog tissues. These results illustrate the feasibility of discovering canine CTAs by a reverse approach, proceeding from identification of MHC class I-presented peptides to a comparative RNA expression survey of tumours and normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige S Nemec
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Alexander Kapatos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer C Holmes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Devorah M Stowe
- Department of Population, Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Paul R Hess
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
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Ding L, Zhang S, Chen S, Zheng L, Xiao L. Effect and mechanism of lentivirus-mediated silencing of TPX2 gene on proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8352-8358. [PMID: 30548299 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of action of targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) in liver cancer, we compared TPX messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in liver cancer tissue samples and adjacent normal liver tissue samples as well as in human liver cancer cell lines and nonmalignant cell line by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). TPX2 gene was silenced in HepG2 cells by transfection with the lentiviral vector expressing TPX2-targeting short hairpin RNA (shRNA), and the knockdown efficiency was evaluated by RT-qPCR. Cell proliferation, apoptosis as well as protein level of c-Myc, cyclin D1, caspase-3, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK-3β), and β-catenin in HepG2 cells were evaluated before and after the TPX2 knockdown. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was inhibited by treatment with 20 μM of XAV-939 or activated by treatment with 20 mM of LiCl. We found that TPX2 mRNA level was significantly increased in liver cancer tissue samples and cell lines comparing to noncancerous counterparts (P < 0.05). TPX2 knockdown significantly reduces TPX2 expression (P < 0.01), cell proliferation (P < 0.05), protein level of c-Myc and cyclin D1 (P < 0.01), activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HepG2 cells (P < 0.01) while increasing cell apoptosis (P < 0.01). Treatment with XAV-939 significantly reduced HepG2 cell proliferation (P < 0.05) while increasing cell apoptosis (P < 0.01). Treatment with LiCl significantly attenuated the antiproliferative and apoptosis-promoting effect of TPX2 knockdown on HepG2 cells (P < 0.05). Lentivirus-mediated silencing of TPX2 gene could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in hepatoma cells by inhibiting Wnt signaling pathway and regulating cyclin and apoptosis-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shijun Chen
- Department of infectious diseases, Jinan Infectious Diseases Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lixue Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lianxiang Xiao
- Department of MRI Diagnosis, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Roostalu J, Rickman J, Thomas C, Nédélec F, Surrey T. Determinants of Polar versus Nematic Organization in Networks of Dynamic Microtubules and Mitotic Motors. Cell 2018; 175:796-808.e14. [PMID: 30340043 PMCID: PMC6198040 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
During cell division, mitotic motors organize microtubules in the bipolar spindle into either polar arrays at the spindle poles or a "nematic" network of aligned microtubules at the spindle center. The reasons for the distinct self-organizing capacities of dynamic microtubules and different motors are not understood. Using in vitro reconstitution experiments and computer simulations, we show that the human mitotic motors kinesin-5 KIF11 and kinesin-14 HSET, despite opposite directionalities, can both organize dynamic microtubules into either polar or nematic networks. We show that in addition to the motor properties the natural asymmetry between microtubule plus- and minus-end growth critically contributes to the organizational potential of the motors. We identify two control parameters that capture system composition and kinetic properties and predict the outcome of microtubule network organization. These results elucidate a fundamental design principle of spindle bipolarity and establish general rules for active filament network organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamie Rickman
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Claire Thomas
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - François Nédélec
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Surrey
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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Wang S, Chen Y, Chai Y. Prognostic role of targeting protein for Xklp2 in solid tumors: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13018. [PMID: 30412141 PMCID: PMC6221728 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic role of targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) in solid tumors has been investigated in several researches, but the results remain controversial. Here we present a meta-analysis to systematically review the association between TPX2 expression levels and prognosis of human solid tumors. METHODS Studies published until December 2017 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO, 13 studies (2134 patients) were collected for analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) from individual studies were calculated by the application of Mantel-Haenszel random effect model. Pooled ORs were estimated by Z test. Publication bias and interstudy heterogeneity analyses were also performed. RESULTS TPX2 overexpression was associated with poor OS at 3 and 5 years [OR = 4.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.27-6.56, P < .00001; OR = 4.05, 95% CI: 2.32-7.07, P < .00001, respectively] of solid tumors. Similar results were observed with DFS at 3 and 5 years (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.83-6.14, P < .0001; OR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.74-4.98, P < .0001, respectively). Subgroup analysis revealed that increased TPX2 expression was related to worse prognosis of gastric cancer and hepatocellular cancer, while irrelevant to esophageal squamous cell cancer at 5-year survival rate. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of TPX2 is related to poor survival rate in most solid tumors, which indicates that the expression level of TPX2 is a significant prognostic parameter and potential therapeutic target in various solid tumors.
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Targeting of TRX2 by miR-330-3p in melanoma inhibits proliferation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1020-1029. [PMID: 30257313 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is intended to identify the key gene from gene expression profile and validate its role and regulatory mechanism in melanoma. METHODS Gene expression profile of GSE3189 from GEO database was selected among which 7 are normal skin samples, 18 are benign skin lesion samples, and 45 are melanoma samples. The present study examined the 7 normal skin samples and the 45 melanoma samples. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between melanoma patients and health people were performed using Morpheus online tool. The 100 most differentially expressed genes (50 upregulated genes and 50 downregulated genes) were selected as hub genes. Then, expression levels and survival analysis of hub genes were conducted via GEPIA tool to choose target gene. The expression of target gene in melanoma cell lines was examined by RT-qPCR and western blotting. The biological function of target gene on cell proliferation in melanoma was measured in vitro. The predicted target of target gene was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay and rescue experiment. The gene expression in clinical samples were determined by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH). The tumor formation study was conducted in vivo. RESULTS Targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) was identified as key gene in melanoma. TPX2 could promote the proliferation of melanoma cells. The dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-330-3p targets TPX2. In rescue experiment, it was proved that miR-330-3p inhibits the proliferation of melanoma cells by negatively regulating the expression of TPX2. The results in vitro were also confirmed in vivo. miR-330-3p/TPX2 pathway expressed differently between melanoma patients and health people. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Inhibiting TPX2 by miR-330-3p suppresses the proliferation of melanoma cell lines. miR-330-3p/TPX2 pathway could be a potential therapeutic target in melanoma.
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38
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Tian Y, Liu LL, Guo DM, Wang Y, Zha WH, Li Y, Wu FJ. TPX2 gene silencing inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis through negative regulation of AKT signaling pathway in ovarian cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7540-7555. [PMID: 29904936 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy. Accumulated studies have revealed that targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) was tightly associated with the development and progression of OC. The present study further determined a novel mechanism of TPX2 in OC via the AKT signaling pathway. The differentially expressed genes were screened in GEO database for gene expression microarray of OC. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the key differentially expressed genes in OC. We prepared CD133/1+ OC stem cells. Then cells were treated with TPX2-1 siRNA and perifcsine to explore the correlation of TPX2 and the AKT signaling pathway. We determined the expression of TPX2, AKT, Pl3 K, PTEN, caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 in OC cells. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis rate were respectively measured using MTT and EdU assays, Transwell assay, Scratch test, and flow cytometry. Xenograft tumor in nude mice was used to determine the effect of TPX2 in OC cells in vitro. Initially, TPX2 overexpression was observed in OC, and TPX2 mediated the effect of the AKT signaling pathway in OC. TPX2 knockdown decreased expression of AKT, Pl3 K, and Bcl-2, and the extent of AKT phosphorylation, but increased expression of PTEN, Caspase-3, and Bax. Furthermore, TPX2 knockdown suppressed OC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but promoted OC cell apoptosis. Taken together, TPX2 silencing negatively regulates the AKT signaling pathway by which OC cell proliferation was inhibited yet cell apoptosis was accelerated, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach to OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Lian Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hui Zha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Ju Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Vassilev A, Lee CY, Vassilev B, Zhu W, Ormanoglu P, Martin SE, DePamphilis ML. Identification of genes that are essential to restrict genome duplication to once per cell division. Oncotarget 2018; 7:34956-76. [PMID: 27144335 PMCID: PMC5085202 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear genome duplication is normally restricted to once per cell division, but aberrant events that allow excess DNA replication (EDR) promote genomic instability and aneuploidy, both of which are characteristics of cancer development. Here we provide the first comprehensive identification of genes that are essential to restrict genome duplication to once per cell division. An siRNA library of 21,584 human genes was screened for those that prevent EDR in cancer cells with undetectable chromosomal instability. Candidates were validated by testing multiple siRNAs and chemical inhibitors on both TP53+ and TP53- cells to reveal the relevance of this ubiquitous tumor suppressor to preventing EDR, and in the presence of an apoptosis inhibitor to reveal the full extent of EDR. The results revealed 42 genes that prevented either DNA re-replication or unscheduled endoreplication. All of them participate in one or more of eight cell cycle events. Seventeen of them have not been identified previously in this capacity. Remarkably, 14 of the 42 genes have been shown to prevent aneuploidy in mice. Moreover, suppressing a gene that prevents EDR increased the ability of the chemotherapeutic drug Paclitaxel to induce EDR, suggesting new opportunities for synthetic lethalities in the treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Vassilev
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2753, USA
| | - Chrissie Y Lee
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2753, USA.,Current address: NantBioscience, Culver City, CA 90232, USA
| | - Boris Vassilev
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2753, USA
| | - Wenge Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George Washington University, Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - Pinar Ormanoglu
- National Center of Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Scott E Martin
- National Center of Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.,Current Address: Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Melvin L DePamphilis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2753, USA
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40
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Eibes S, Gallisà-Suñé N, Rosas-Salvans M, Martínez-Delgado P, Vernos I, Roig J. Nek9 Phosphorylation Defines a New Role for TPX2 in Eg5-Dependent Centrosome Separation before Nuclear Envelope Breakdown. Curr Biol 2017; 28:121-129.e4. [PMID: 29276125 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes [1, 2] play a central role during spindle assembly in most animal cells [3]. In early mitosis, they organize two symmetrical microtubule arrays that upon separation define the two poles of the forming spindle. Centrosome separation is tightly regulated [4, 5], occurring through partially redundant mechanisms that rely on the action of microtubule-based dynein and kinesin motors and the actomyosin system [6]. While centrosomes can separate in prophase or in prometaphase after nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD), prophase centrosome separation optimizes spindle assembly and minimizes the occurrence of abnormal chromosome attachments that could end in aneuploidy [7, 8]. Prophase centrosome separation relies on the activity of Eg5/KIF11, a mitotic kinesin [9] that accumulates around centrosomes in early mitosis under the control of CDK1 and the Nek9/Nek6/7 kinase module [10-17]. Here, we show that Eg5 localization and centrosome separation in prophase depend on the nuclear microtubule-associated protein TPX2 [18], a pool of which localizes to the centrosomes before NEBD. This localization involves RHAMM/HMMR [19] and the kinase Nek9 [20], which phosphorylates TPX2 nuclear localization signal (NLS) preventing its interaction with importin and nuclear import. The pool of centrosomal TPX2 in prophase has a critical role for both microtubule aster organization and Eg5 localization, and thereby for centrosome separation. Our results uncover an unsuspected role for TPX2 before NEBD and define a novel regulatory mechanism for centrosome separation in prophase. They furthermore suggest NLS phosphorylation as a novel regulatory mechanism for spindle assembly factors controlled by the importin/Ran system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Eibes
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC) and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Núria Gallisà-Suñé
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC) and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Miquel Rosas-Salvans
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Paula Martínez-Delgado
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC) and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Isabelle Vernos
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Joan Roig
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC) and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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Borges DDP, Dos Santos AWA, Paier CRK, Ribeiro HL, Costa MB, Farias IR, de Oliveira RTG, França IGDF, Cavalcante GM, Magalhães SMM, Pinheiro RF. Prognostic importance of Aurora Kinases and mitotic spindle genes transcript levels in Myelodysplastic syndrome. Leuk Res 2017; 64:61-70. [PMID: 29220700 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal disease characterized by insufficiency of bone marrow, increase of apoptosis and increased risk of acute leukemia progression. Proteins related to the mitotic spindle (AURKA, AURKB, TPX2), to the mitotic checkpoint (MAD2, CDC20) and the regulation of the cell cycle (p21) are directly related to chromosomal stability and tumor development. This study aimed to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of these genes in 101 MDS patients using a real-time PCR methodology. We identified that CDC20 expression are increased in patients with dysmegakaryopoiesis (p=0.024), thrombocytopenia (p=0.000) and high-risk patients (p=0.014, 0.018) MAD2 expression are decreased in patients with 2 or 3 cytopenias (p=0.000) and neutrophil below 800/mm3. TPX2 is also overexpressed in patients presenting dysmegakaryopoiesis (p=0.009). A decrease in AURKA and AURKB expression were observed in patients with altered karyotype (p=0.000), who presented dysplasia in 3 lineages (p=0.000; 0.017) and hemoglobin inferior to 8g/dL (p=0.024). The expression of AURKA, AURKB and MAD2 (p=0.000; 0.001; 0.025) were decreased in patients with hypoplastic MDS, associated with high frequency of chromosomal alterations and high mortality rate. This study reaffirms the importance of aurora kinases and mitotic spindle genes to the pathogenesis and clinical evolution of MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela de Paula Borges
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Antônio Wesley Araújo Dos Santos
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | | | - Howard Lopes Ribeiro
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Marília Braga Costa
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Izabelle Rocha Farias
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Roberta Taiane Germano de Oliveira
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Ivo Gabriel da Frota França
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Melo Cavalcante
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Maria Meira Magalhães
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Ronald Feitosa Pinheiro
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program of Pathology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
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Zhang R, Roostalu J, Surrey T, Nogales E. Structural insight into TPX2-stimulated microtubule assembly. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 29120325 PMCID: PMC5679754 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis and meiosis, microtubule (MT) assembly is locally upregulated by the chromatin-dependent Ran-GTP pathway. One of its key targets is the MT-associated spindle assembly factor TPX2. The molecular mechanism of how TPX2 stimulates MT assembly remains unknown because structural information about the interaction of TPX2 with MTs is lacking. Here, we determine the cryo-electron microscopy structure of a central region of TPX2 bound to the MT surface. TPX2 uses two flexibly linked elements ('ridge' and 'wedge') in a novel interaction mode to simultaneously bind across longitudinal and lateral tubulin interfaces. These MT-interacting elements overlap with the binding site of importins on TPX2. Fluorescence microscopy-based in vitro reconstitution assays reveal that this interaction mode is critical for MT binding and facilitates MT nucleation. Together, our results suggest a molecular mechanism of how the Ran-GTP gradient can regulate TPX2-dependent MT formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
| | | | | | - Eva Nogales
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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43
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Huang M, Ma X, Shi H, Hu L, Fan Z, Pang L, Zhu F, Yang X, Xu W, Liu B, Zhu Z, Li C. FAM83D, a microtubule-associated protein, promotes tumor growth and progression of human gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74479-74493. [PMID: 29088801 PMCID: PMC5650356 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
FAM83D, a microtubule-associated protein (MAP), is overexpressed in diverse types of human cancer. The expression and critical role of FAM83D in human gastric cancer (GC), however, remains largely unknown. Here, we conducted molecular, cellular and clinical analyses to evaluate the functional link of FAM83D to GC. FAM83D expression was elevated in gastric tumors, and its expression strongly correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. In addition, over-expression of FAM83D in GC cell lines enhanced cell proliferation, cycle progression, migration, invasion, as well as tumor growth and metastatic dissemination in vivo. Furthermore, FAM83D exhibited a strong cell cycle correlated expression. The knockdown of FAM83D inhibited the regrowth of microtubules in GC cells. FAM83D was co-immunoprecipitated with HMMR, TPX2, and AURKA, a set of drivers of mitosis progression. Taken together, our results demonstrate FAM83D as an important player in the development of human gastric cancer, and as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlu Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinjie Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongpeng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
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Maleki SS, Röcken C. Chromosomal Instability in Gastric Cancer Biology. Neoplasia 2017; 19:412-420. [PMID: 28431273 PMCID: PMC5397576 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer in the world and accounts for 7% of the total cancer incidence. The prognosis of GC is dismal in Western countries due to late diagnosis: approximately 70% of the patients die within 5 years following initial diagnosis. Recently, integrative genomic analyses led to the proposal of a molecular classification of GC into four subtypes, i.e.,microsatellite-instable, Epstein-Barr virus–positive, chromosomal-instable (CIN), and genomically stable GCs. Molecular classification of GC advances our knowledge of the biology of GC and may have implications for diagnostics and patient treatment. Diagnosis of microsatellite-instable GC and Epstein-Barr virus–positive GC is more or less straightforward. Microsatellite instability can be tested by immunohistochemistry (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6) and/or molecular-biological analysis. Epstein-Barr virus–positive GC can be tested by in situ hybridization (Epstein-Barr virus encoded small RNA). However, with regard to CIN, testing may be more complicated and may require a more in-depth knowledge of the underlying mechanism leading to CIN. In addition, CIN GC may not constitute a distinct subgroup but may rather be a compilation of a more heterogeneous group of tumors. In this review, we aim to clarify the definition of CIN and to point out the molecular mechanisms leading to this molecular phenotype and the challenges faced in characterizing this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
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Nguyen AL, Schindler K. Specialize and Divide (Twice): Functions of Three Aurora Kinase Homologs in Mammalian Oocyte Meiotic Maturation. Trends Genet 2017; 33:349-363. [PMID: 28359584 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aurora kinases (AURKs) comprise an evolutionarily conserved family of serine/threonine kinases involved in mitosis and meiosis. While most mitotic cells express two AURK isoforms (AURKA and AURKB), mammalian germ cells also express a third, AURKC. Although much is known about the functions of the kinases in mitosis, less is known about how the three isoforms function to coordinate meiosis. This review is aimed at describing what is known about the three isoforms in female meiosis, the similarities and differences between kinase functions, and speculates as to why mammalian germ cells require expression of three AURKs instead of two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Karen Schindler
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Links between DNA Replication, Stem Cells and Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8020045. [PMID: 28125050 PMCID: PMC5333035 DOI: 10.3390/genes8020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers can be categorized into two groups: those whose frequency increases with age, and those resulting from errors during mammalian development. The first group is linked to DNA replication through the accumulation of genetic mutations that occur during proliferation of developmentally acquired stem cells that give rise to and maintain tissues and organs. These mutations, which result from DNA replication errors as well as environmental insults, fall into two categories; cancer driver mutations that initiate carcinogenesis and genome destabilizing mutations that promote aneuploidy through excess genome duplication and chromatid missegregation. Increased genome instability results in accelerated clonal evolution leading to the appearance of more aggressive clones with increased drug resistance. The second group of cancers, termed germ cell neoplasia, results from the mislocation of pluripotent stem cells during early development. During normal development, pluripotent stem cells that originate in early embryos give rise to all of the cell lineages in the embryo and adult, but when they mislocate to ectopic sites, they produce tumors. Remarkably, pluripotent stem cells, like many cancer cells, depend on the Geminin protein to prevent excess DNA replication from triggering DNA damage-dependent apoptosis. This link between the control of DNA replication during early development and germ cell neoplasia reveals Geminin as a potential chemotherapeutic target in the eradication of cancer progenitor cells.
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Tomii C, Inokuchi M, Takagi Y, Ishikawa T, Otsuki S, Uetake H, Kojima K, Kawano T. TPX2 expression is associated with poor survival in gastric cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:14. [PMID: 28069036 PMCID: PMC5223319 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-1095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) is a microtubule-associated protein required for microtubule formation in human cells. Several studies have demonstrated that TPX2 is overexpressed in multiple tumor types and promotes tumor growth and metastasis. However, there have been few reports regarding its role in gastric cancer. In this study, we evaluated TPX2 expression and investigated its correlations with gastric cancer clinicopathological features and prognosis. METHODS Tumor samples were obtained from 290 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who had undergone gastrectomy. The expression of TPX2 protein was examined using immunohistochemical staining. TPX2 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were evaluated using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR in 19 of the gastric cancer tumors and adjacent normal tissues. RESULTS The mRNA levels of TPX2 were significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than in matched adjacent normal tissues (p = 0.004). In the immunohistochemical analysis, TPX2 overexpression was found in 123 (42.4%) of 290 patients. High TPX2 expression was positively associated with age, type of histology, depth of tumor, lymph node metastasis, stage, and remote metastasis or recurrence. High TPX2 expression was significantly associated with poorer disease-specific survival (p = 0.004) and relapse-free interval (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that high TPX2 expression was associated with tumor progression and poor survival in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Tomii
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mikito Inokuchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Yoko Takagi
- Department of Surgical Specialties, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ishikawa
- Department of Surgical Specialties, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Otsuki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uetake
- Department of Surgical Specialties, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kojima
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Kawano
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
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48
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Comparative Analysis of Toxic Responses of Organic Extracts from Diesel and Selected Alternative Fuels Engine Emissions in Human Lung BEAS-2B Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111833. [PMID: 27827897 PMCID: PMC5133834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used toxicogenomics to identify the complex biological response of human lung BEAS-2B cells treated with organic components of particulate matter in the exhaust of a diesel engine. First, we characterized particles from standard diesel (B0), biodiesel (methylesters of rapeseed oil) in its neat form (B100) and 30% by volume blend with diesel fuel (B30), and neat hydrotreated vegetable oil (NEXBTL100). The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives in organic extracts was the lowest for NEXBTL100 and higher for biodiesel. We further analyzed global gene expression changes in BEAS-2B cells following 4 h and 24 h treatment with extracts. The concentrations of 50 µg extract/mL induced a similar molecular response. The common processes induced after 4 h treatment included antioxidant defense, metabolism of xenobiotics and lipids, suppression of pro-apoptotic stimuli, or induction of plasminogen activating cascade; 24 h treatment affected fewer processes, particularly those involved in detoxification of xenobiotics, including PAHs. The majority of distinctively deregulated genes detected after both 4 h and 24 h treatment were induced by NEXBTL100; the deregulated genes included, e.g., those involved in antioxidant defense and cell cycle regulation and proliferation. B100 extract, with the highest PAH concentrations, additionally affected several cell cycle regulatory genes and p38 signaling.
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Shao C, Duan C, Wang J, Luan S, Gao Y, Jin D, Wang D, Li Y, Xu L. Expression of microtubule-associated protein TPX2 in human gastric carcinoma and its prognostic significance. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:79. [PMID: 27777511 PMCID: PMC5057506 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of gastric carcinoma remain poorly understood. The main objective of this study was to investigate the expression level of targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) and its clinical significance in human gastric carcinoma. METHODS Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein levels of TPX2 in 20 paired gastric carcinoma tissues and the adjacent normal tissues, and the expression of TPX2 protein in 106 specimens of a gastric carcinoma tissue microarray was determined by immunohistochemistry. The associations of TPX2 expression with the clinicopathological features were analyzed, and the prognosis of gastric carcinoma patients was evaluated. RESULTS The results showed that the expression of TPX2 mRNA was significantly higher in gastric carcinoma than in the adjacent normal tissues in 20 paired samples. Western blotting analysis revealed that TPX2 protein was differentially increased in 17 of 20 specimens from primary human gastric carcinoma tissues compared with those from adjacent non-tumor tissues. Immunohistochemical staining showed that TPX2 over-expression was significantly associated with advanced age (P = 0.001) and tumor T stage (P = 0.003). In addition, TPX2 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) in the multivariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR) 0.001; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.626-7.198; P = 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS TPX2 is up-regulated in gastric carcinoma and is associated with old age and tumor T stage. TPX2 may serve as a good prognostic indicator in patients with gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuijie Shao
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, 256600 China
| | - Changsheng Duan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, 256600 China
| | - Jiani Wang
- Breast Cancer Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunlian Luan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, 256600 China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, 256600 China
| | - Dan Jin
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, 256600 China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, 256600 China
| | - Yuming Li
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, 256600 China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Kangda Road, Guangzhou, 510230 China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
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50
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Abstract
TPX2 is a microtubule-associated protein that is required for mitotic spindle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pat Wadsworth
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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