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Dasgupta A, Nandi S, Gupta S, Roy S, Das C. To Ub or not to Ub: The epic dilemma of histones that regulate gene expression and epigenetic cross-talk. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2024; 1867:195033. [PMID: 38750882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2024.195033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
A dynamic array of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate diverse cellular processes in the eukaryotic chromatin. Among them, histone ubiquitination is particularly complex as it alters nucleosome surface area fostering intricate cross-talk with other chromatin modifications. Ubiquitin signaling profoundly impacts DNA replication, repair, and transcription. Histones can undergo varied extent of ubiquitination such as mono, multi-mono, and polyubiquitination, which brings about distinct cellular fates. Mechanistic studies of the ubiquitin landscape in chromatin have unveiled a fascinating tapestry of events that orchestrate gene regulation. In this review, we summarize the key contributors involved in mediating different histone ubiquitination and deubiquitination events, and discuss their mechanism which impacts cell transcriptional identity and DNA damage response. We also focus on the proteins bearing epigenetic reader modules critical in discerning site-specific histone ubiquitination, pivotal for establishing complex epigenetic crosstalk. Moreover, we highlight the role of histone ubiquitination in different human diseases including neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. Overall the review elucidates the intricate orchestration of histone ubiquitination impacting diverse cellular functions and disease pathogenesis, and provides insights into the current challenges of targeting them for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Dasgupta
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Sandhik Nandi
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sayan Gupta
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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2
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Ghate NB, Nadkarni KS, Barik GK, Tat SS, Sahay O, Santra MK. Histone ubiquitination: Role in genome integrity and chromatin organization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2024; 1867:195044. [PMID: 38763317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2024.195044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Maintenance of genome integrity is a precise but tedious and complex job for the cell. Several post-translational modifications (PTMs) play vital roles in maintaining the genome integrity. Although ubiquitination is one of the most crucial PTMs, which regulates the localization and stability of the nonhistone proteins in various cellular and developmental processes, ubiquitination of the histones is a pivotal epigenetic event critically regulating chromatin architecture. In addition to genome integrity, importance of ubiquitination of core histones (H2A, H2A, H3, and H4) and linker histone (H1) have been reported in several cellular processes. However, the complex interplay of histone ubiquitination and other PTMs, as well as the intricate chromatin architecture and dynamics, pose a significant challenge to unravel how histone ubiquitination safeguards genome stability. Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate the interactions between histone ubiquitination and other PTMs, and their role in preserving genome integrity. Here, we review all types of histone ubiquitinations known till date in maintaining genomic integrity during transcription, replication, cell cycle, and DNA damage response processes. In addition, we have also discussed the role of histone ubiquitination in regulating other histone PTMs emphasizing methylation and acetylation as well as their potential implications in chromatin architecture. Further, we have also discussed the involvement of deubiquitination enzymes (DUBs) in controlling histone ubiquitination in modulating cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Baban Ghate
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
| | - Kaustubh Sanjay Nadkarni
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Barik
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Sharad Shriram Tat
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Osheen Sahay
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
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Qin B, Lu G, Chen X, Zheng C, Lin H, Liu Q, Shang J, Feng G. H2B oncohistones cause homologous recombination defect and genomic instability through reducing H2B monoubiquitination in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107345. [PMID: 38718864 PMCID: PMC11167522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Canonical oncohistones are histone H3 mutations in the N-terminal tail associated with tumors and affect gene expression by altering H3 post-translational modifications (PTMs) and the epigenetic landscape. Noncanonical oncohistone mutations occur in both tails and globular domains of all four core histones and alter gene expression by perturbing chromatin remodeling. However, the effects and mechanisms of noncanonical oncohistones remain largely unknown. Here we characterized 16 noncanonical H2B oncohistones in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We found that seven of them exhibited temperature sensitivities and 11 exhibited genotoxic sensitivities. A detailed study of two of these onco-mutants H2BG52D and H2BP102L revealed that they were defective in homologous recombination (HR) repair with compromised histone eviction and Rad51 recruitment. Interestingly, their genotoxic sensitivities and HR defects were rescued by the inactivation of the H2BK119 deubiquitination function of Ubp8 in the Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex. The levels of H2BK119 monoubiquitination (H2Bub) in the H2BG52D and H2BP102L mutants are reduced in global genome and at local DNA break sites presumably due to enhanced recruitment of Ubp8 onto nucleosomes and are recovered upon loss of H2B deubiquitination function of the SAGA complex. Moreover, H2BG52D and H2BP102L heterozygotes exhibit genotoxic sensitivities and reduced H2Bub in cis. We therefore conclude that H2BG52D and H2BP102L oncohistones affect HR repair and genome stability via the reduction of H2Bub and propose that other noncanonical oncohistones may also affect histone PTMs to cause diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangchun Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenhua Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huanteng Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjie Shang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Xu Y, Jiao Y, Liu C, Miao R, Liu C, Wang Y, Ma C, Liu J. R-loop and diseases: the cell cycle matters. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:84. [PMID: 38678239 PMCID: PMC11055327 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is a crucial biological process that is involved in cell growth, development, and reproduction. It can be divided into G1, S, G2, and M phases, and each period is closely regulated to ensure the production of two similar daughter cells with the same genetic material. However, many obstacles influence the cell cycle, including the R-loop that is formed throughout this process. R-loop is a triple-stranded structure, composed of an RNA: DNA hybrid and a single DNA strand, which is ubiquitous in organisms from bacteria to mammals. The existence of the R-loop has important significance for the regulation of various physiological processes. However, aberrant accumulation of R-loop due to its limited resolving ability will be detrimental for cells. For example, DNA damage and genomic instability, caused by the R-loop, can activate checkpoints in the cell cycle, which in turn induce cell cycle arrest and cell death. At present, a growing number of factors have been proven to prevent or eliminate the accumulation of R-loop thereby avoiding DNA damage and mutations. Therefore, we need to gain detailed insight into the R-loop resolution factors at different stages of the cell cycle. In this review, we review the current knowledge of factors that play a role in resolving the R-loop at different stages of the cell cycle, as well as how mutations of these factors lead to the onset and progression of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Xu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yue Jiao
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Rui Miao
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Chunming Ma
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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Fatima I, Ahmad R, Barman S, Gowrikumar S, Pravoverov K, Primeaux M, Fisher KW, Singh AB, Dhawan P. Albendazole inhibits colon cancer progression and therapy resistance by targeting ubiquitin ligase RNF20. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1046-1058. [PMID: 38278978 PMCID: PMC10951408 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02570-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The repurposing of FDA-approved drugs for anti-cancer therapies is appealing due to their established safety profiles and pharmacokinetic properties and can be quickly moved into clinical trials. Cancer progression and resistance to conventional chemotherapy remain the key hurdles in improving the clinical management of colon cancer patients and associated mortality. METHODS High-throughput screening (HTS) was performed using an annotated library of 1,600 FDA-approved drugs to identify drugs with strong anti-CRC properties. The candidate drug exhibiting most promising inhibitory effects in in-vitro studies was tested for its efficacy using in-vivo models of CRC progression and chemoresistance and patient derived organoids (PTDOs). RESULTS Albendazole, an anti-helminth drug, demonstrated the strongest inhibitory effects on the tumorigenic potentials of CRC cells, xenograft tumor growth and organoids from mice. Also, albendazole sensitized the chemoresistant CRC cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin suggesting potential to treat chemoresistant CRC. Mechanistically, Albendazole treatment modulated the expression of RNF20, to promote apoptosis in CRC cells by delaying the G2/M phase and suppressing anti-apoptotic-Bcl2 family transcription. CONCLUSIONS Albendazole, an FDA approved drug, carries strong therapeutic potential to treat colon cancers which are aggressive and potentially resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Our findings also lay the groundwork for further clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Susmita Barman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Saiprasad Gowrikumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kristina Pravoverov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mark Primeaux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kurt W Fisher
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar B Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Zhang S, Liu Y, Sun Y, Liu Q, Gu Y, Huang Y, Zeng Z, Tang F, Ouyang Y. Aberrant R-loop-mediated immune evasion, cellular communication, and metabolic reprogramming affect cancer progression: a single-cell analysis. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:11. [PMID: 38200551 PMCID: PMC10777569 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of R-loop homeostasis is closely related to various human diseases, including cancer. However, the causality of aberrant R-loops in tumor progression remains unclear. In this study, using single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), we constructed an R-loop scoring model to characterize the R-loop state according to the identified R-loop regulators related to EGFR mutations, tissue origins, and TNM stage. We then evaluated the relationships of the R-loop score with the tumor microenvironment (TME) and treatment response. Furthermore, the potential roles of FANCI-mediated R-loops in LUAD were explored using a series of in vitro experiments. Results showed that malignant cells with low R-loop scores displayed glycolysis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway activation and immune escape promotion, thereby hampering the antitumor therapeutic effects. Cell communication analysis suggested that low R-loop scores contributed to T cell exhaustion. We subsequently validated the prognostic value of R-loop scores by using bulk transcriptome datasets across 33 tumor types. The R-loop scoring model well predicted patients' therapeutic response to targeted therapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy in 32 independent cohorts. Remarkably, changes in R-loop distribution mediated by FANCI deficiency blocked the activity of Ras signaling pathway, suppressing tumor-cell proliferation and dissemination. In conclusion, this study reveals the underlying molecular mechanism of metabolic reprogramming and T cell exhaustion under R-loop score patterns, and the changes in R-loops mediated by R-loop regulators resulting in tumor progression. Therefore, incorporating anticancer methods based on R-loop or R-loop regulators into the treatment schemes of precision medicine may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yichi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Fuzhou Tang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Yan Ouyang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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Xu BY, Yu XL, Gao WX, Gao TT, Hu HY, Wu TT, Shen C, Huang XY, Zheng B, Wu YB. RNF187 governs the maintenance of mouse GC-2 cell development by facilitating histone H3 ubiquitination at K57/80. Asian J Androl 2023; 26:00129336-990000000-00147. [PMID: 38156805 PMCID: PMC11156453 DOI: 10.4103/aja202368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
RING finger 187 (RNF187), a ubiquitin-ligating (E3) enzyme, plays a crucial role in the proliferation of cancer cells. However, it remains unclear whether RNF187 exhibits comparable functionality in the development of germline cells. To investigate the potential involvement of RNF187 in germ cell development, we conducted interference and overexpression assays using GC-2 cells, a mouse spermatocyte-derived cell line. Our findings reveal that the interaction between RNF187 and histone H3 increases the viability, proliferation, and migratory capacity of GC-2 cells. Moreover, we provide evidence demonstrating that RNF187 interacts with H3 and mediates the ubiquitination of H3 at lysine 57 (K57) or lysine 80 (K80), directly or indirectly resulting in increased cellular transcription. This is a study to report the role of RNF187 in maintaining the development of GC-2 cells by mediating histone H3 ubiquitination, thus highlighting the involvement of the K57 and K80 residues of H3 in the epistatic regulation of gene transcription. These discoveries provide a new theoretical foundation for further comprehensive investigations into the function of RNF187 in the reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Ya Xu
- Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiang-Ling Yu
- Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wen-Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ting-Ting Gao
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Hao-Yue Hu
- Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Yi-Bo Wu
- Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Szczepanek J, Tretyn A. MicroRNA-Mediated Regulation of Histone-Modifying Enzymes in Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1590. [PMID: 38002272 PMCID: PMC10669115 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, significant advances in molecular research have provided a deeper understanding of the intricate regulatory mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs, short non-coding RNA sequences, exert substantial influence on gene expression by repressing translation or inducing mRNA degradation. In the context of cancer, miRNA dysregulation is prevalent and closely associated with various stages of carcinogenesis, including initiation, progression, and metastasis. One crucial aspect of the cancer phenotype is the activity of histone-modifying enzymes that govern chromatin accessibility for transcription factors, thus impacting gene expression. Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs play a significant role in modulating these histone-modifying enzymes, leading to significant implications for genes related to proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in cancer cells. This article provides an overview of current research on the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate the activity of histone-modifying enzymes in the context of cancer. Both direct and indirect mechanisms through which miRNAs influence enzyme expression are discussed. Additionally, potential therapeutic implications arising from miRNA manipulation to selectively impact histone-modifying enzyme activity are presented. The insights from this analysis hold significant therapeutic promise, suggesting the utility of miRNAs as tools for the precise regulation of chromatin-related processes and gene expression. A contemporary focus on molecular regulatory mechanisms opens therapeutic pathways that can effectively influence the control of tumor cell growth and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szczepanek
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tretyn
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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Liu J, Wu X, Qin H, Hu Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Li J. RNF20/RNF40 ameliorates streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes by activating vitamin D receptors in vivo. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2023; 51:1-9. [PMID: 37422774 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51i4.806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes is one of the chronic autoimmune diseases. Its features include the immune-triggered pancreatic beta-cells destruction. Ubiquitin ligases RNF20 and RNF40 have been discovered to participate into beta cells gene expression, insulin secretion, and expression of vitamin D receptors (VDRs). However, no reports about the role of RNF20/RNF40 in type 1 diabetes are known till now. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of RNF20/RNF40 in type 1 diabetes and explore the mechanism. METHODS In this study, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice type 1 diabetes model was used. The protein expressions of genes were examined through Western blot analysis. Fasting blood glucose was detected through glucose meter. The plasma insulin was tested through the commercial kit. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was utilized to observe pathological changes of pancreatic tissues. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to evaluate the level of insulin. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum were assessed by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay. The cell apoptosis was measured through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling assay. RESULTS STZ was used to stimulate mice model for type 1 diabetes. At first, both RNF20 and RNF40 expressions were down-regulated in STZ-mediated type 1 diabetes. Additionally, RNF20/RNF40 improved hyperglycemia in STZ-stimulated mice. Moreover, RNF20/RNF40 relieved pancreatic tissue injury in STZ-induced mice. Further experiments found that RNF20/RNF40 rescued the strengthened inflammation mediated by STZ treatment. The cell apoptosis was enhanced in the pancreatic tissues of STZ-triggered mice, but this effect was weakened by overexpression of RNF20/RNF40. Besides, the VDR expression was positively regulated by RNF20/RNF40. Finally, VDR knockdown reversed improved hyperglycemia, inflammation, and cell apoptosis stimulated by overexpression of RNF20/RNF40. CONCLUSION Our findings proved that RNF20/RNF40 activated VDR to relieve type 1 diabetes. This work might highlight the functioning of RNF20/RNF40 in the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China;
| | - Xuri Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Haixia Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jinlan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
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10
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Driscoll G, Yan S. Maintaining chromosome and genome stability by the RPA-RNF20-SNF2H cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306455120. [PMID: 37276422 PMCID: PMC10268305 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306455120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Driscoll
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC28223
| | - Shan Yan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC28223
- School of Data Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC28223
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC28223
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11
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Cuevas-Estrada B, Montalvo-Casimiro M, Munguia-Garza P, Ríos-Rodríguez JA, González-Barrios R, Herrera LA. Breaking the Mold: Epigenetics and Genomics Approaches Addressing Novel Treatments and Chemoresponse in TGCT Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097873. [PMID: 37175579 PMCID: PMC10178517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ-cell tumors (TGCT) have been widely recognized for their outstanding survival rates, commonly attributed to their high sensitivity to cisplatin-based therapies. Despite this, a subset of patients develops cisplatin resistance, for whom additional therapeutic options are unsuccessful, and ~20% of them will die from disease progression at an early age. Several efforts have been made trying to find the molecular bases of cisplatin resistance. However, this phenomenon is still not fully understood, which has limited the development of efficient biomarkers and precision medicine approaches as an alternative that could improve the clinical outcomes of these patients. With the aim of providing an integrative landscape, we review the most recent genomic and epigenomic features attributed to chemoresponse in TGCT patients, highlighting how we can seek to combat cisplatin resistance through the same mechanisms by which TGCTs are particularly hypersensitive to therapy. In this regard, we explore ongoing treatment directions for resistant TGCT and novel targets to guide future clinical trials. Through our exploration of recent findings, we conclude that epidrugs are promising treatments that could help to restore cisplatin sensitivity in resistant tumors, shedding light on potential avenues for better prognosis for the benefit of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Cuevas-Estrada
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Michel Montalvo-Casimiro
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Paulina Munguia-Garza
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Juan Alberto Ríos-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo González-Barrios
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
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12
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Frangiamone M, Lozano M, Cimbalo A, Font G, Manyes L. AFB1 and OTA Promote Immune Toxicity in Human LymphoBlastic T Cells at Transcriptomic Level. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020259. [PMID: 36673351 PMCID: PMC9858301 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are typical contaminants of food and feed, which have serious implications for human and animal health, even at low concentrations. Therefore, a transcriptomic study was carried out to analyze gene expression changes triggered by low doses of AFB1 and OTA (100 nM; 7 days), individually and combined, in human lymphoblastic T cells. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that AFB1-exposure resulted in 99 differential gene expressions (DEGs), while 77 DEGs were obtained in OTA-exposure and 3236 DEGs in the combined one. Overall, 16% of human genome expression was altered. Gene ontology analysis revealed, for all studied conditions, biological processes and molecular functions typically associated with the immune system. PathVisio analysis pointed to ataxia telangiectasia mutated signaling as the most significantly altered pathway in AFB1-exposure, glycolysis in OTA-exposure, and ferroptosis in the mixed condition (Z-score > 1.96; adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05). Thus, the results demonstrated the potential DNA damage caused by AFB1, the possible metabolic reprogramming promoted by OTA, and the plausible cell death with oxidative stress prompted by the mixed exposure. They may be considered viable mechanisms of action to promote immune toxicity in vitro.
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13
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Gospodinov A, Dzhokova S, Petrova M, Ugrinova I. Chromatin regulators in DNA replication and genome stability maintenance during S-phase. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:243-280. [PMID: 37061334 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The duplication of genetic information is central to life. The replication of genetic information is strictly controlled to ensure that each piece of genomic DNA is copied only once during a cell cycle. Factors that slow or stop replication forks cause replication stress. Replication stress is a major source of genome instability in cancer cells. Multiple control mechanisms facilitate the unimpeded fork progression, prevent fork collapse and coordinate fork repair. Chromatin alterations, caused by histone post-translational modifications and chromatin remodeling, have critical roles in normal replication and in avoiding replication stress and its consequences. This text reviews the chromatin regulators that ensure DNA replication and the proper response to replication stress. We also briefly touch on exploiting replication stress in therapeutic strategies. As chromatin regulators are frequently mutated in cancer, manipulating their activity could provide many possibilities for personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastas Gospodinov
- Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Stefka Dzhokova
- Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Petrova
- Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iva Ugrinova
- Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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14
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Characterizing and exploiting the many roles of aberrant H2B monoubiquitination in cancer pathogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:782-798. [PMID: 34953650 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Monoubiquitination of histone H2B on lysine 120 (H2Bub1) is implicated in the control of multiple essential processes, including transcription, DNA damage repair and mitotic chromosome segregation. Accordingly, aberrant regulation of H2Bub1 can induce transcriptional reprogramming and genome instability that may promote oncogenesis. Remarkably, alterations of the ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes regulating H2Bub1 are emerging as ubiquitous features in cancer, further supporting the possibility that the misregulation of H2Bub1 is an underlying mechanism contributing to cancer pathogenesis. To date, aberrant H2Bub1 dynamics have been reported in multiple cancer types and are associated with transcriptional changes that promote oncogenesis in a cancer type-specific manner. Owing to the multi-functional nature of H2Bub1, misregulation of its writers and erasers may drive disease initiation and progression through additional synergistic processes. Accordingly, understanding the molecular determinants and pathogenic impacts associated with aberrant H2Bub1 regulation may reveal novel drug targets and therapeutic vulnerabilities that can be exploited to develop innovative precision medicine strategies that better combat cancer. In this review, we present the normal functions of H2Bub1 in the control of DNA-associated processes and describe the pathogenic implications associated with its misregulation in cancer. We further discuss the challenges coupled with the development of therapeutic strategies targeting H2Bub1 misregulation and expose the potential benefits of designing treatments that synergistically exploit the multiple functionalities of H2Bub1 to improve treatment selectivity and efficacy.
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15
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Oss-Ronen L, Sarusi T, Cohen I. Histone Mono-Ubiquitination in Transcriptional Regulation and Its Mark on Life: Emerging Roles in Tissue Development and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152404. [PMID: 35954248 PMCID: PMC9368181 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays an essential role in driving precise transcriptional programs during development and homeostasis. Among epigenetic mechanisms, histone mono-ubiquitination has emerged as an important post-transcriptional modification. Two major histone mono-ubiquitination events are the mono-ubiquitination of histone H2A at lysine 119 (H2AK119ub), placed by Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), and histone H2B lysine 120 mono-ubiquitination (H2BK120ub), placed by the heteromeric RNF20/RNF40 complex. Both of these events play fundamental roles in shaping the chromatin epigenetic landscape and cellular identity. In this review we summarize the current understandings of molecular concepts behind histone mono-ubiquitination, focusing on their recently identified roles in tissue development and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Idan Cohen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-8-6477593; Fax: +972-8-6477626
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16
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Khan SU, Khan MU, Kalsoom F, Khan MI, Gao S, Unar A, Zubair M, Bilal M. Mechanisms of gene regulation by histone degradation in adaptation of yeast: an overview of recent advances. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:287. [PMID: 35482104 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Histones are important component of eukaryotic cells chromatin and consist of arginine and lysine residues. Histones play an important role in the protection of DNA. Their contents significantly affect high-level chromatin structure formation, gene expression, DNA replication, and other important life activities. Protein degradation is an important regulatory mechanism of histone content. Recent studies have revealed that modification of amino acid sequence is directly related to histone breakdown. In addition, histone degradation is closely related to covalent modifications, such as ubiquitination and acetylation, which are considered to be driving factors in gene regulation. Gene regulation is an important mechanism in adaptation to the environment and survival of species. With the introduction of highly efficient technology, various mutations in histones have been identified in yeast. In the field of epigenetics and the transmission of chromatin states, two widely used model organisms are the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Higher eukaryotes can use their silent loci to maintain their epigenetic states and providing the base to investigate mechanisms underlying development. Therfore, both species have contributed a plethora of information on these mechanisms in both yeast and higher eukaryotes. This study focuses on the role of histone modifications in controlling telomeric silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and centromeric silencing in S. pombe as examples of genetic loci that demonstrate epigenetic inheritance. In view of recent advances, this review focuses on the post-translational modification of histone amino acid residues and reviews the relationship between histone degradation and amino acid residue modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safir Ullah Khan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Munir Ullah Khan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Fadia Kalsoom
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and the Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathology, District headquarters hospital, Jhang, 35200, Punjab Province, Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
| | - Shuang Gao
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahsanullah Unar
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Bowry A, Kelly RDW, Petermann E. Hypertranscription and replication stress in cancer. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:863-877. [PMID: 34052137 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Replication stress results from obstacles to replication fork progression, including ongoing transcription, which can cause transcription-replication conflicts. Oncogenic signaling can promote global increases in transcription activity, also termed hypertranscription. Despite the widely accepted importance of oncogene-induced hypertranscription, its study remains neglected compared with other causes of replication stress and genomic instability in cancer. A growing number of recent studies are reporting that oncogenes, such as RAS, and targeted cancer treatments, such as bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) bromodomain inhibitors, increase global transcription, leading to R-loop accumulation, transcription-replication conflicts, and the activation of replication stress responses. Here we discuss our mechanistic understanding of hypertranscription-induced replication stress and the resulting cellular responses, in the context of oncogenes and targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Bowry
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard D W Kelly
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Eva Petermann
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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18
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Yuan W, Al-Hadid Q, Wang Z, Shen L, Cho H, Wu X, Yang Y. TDRD3 promotes DHX9 chromatin recruitment and R-loop resolution. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:8573-8591. [PMID: 34329467 PMCID: PMC8421139 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
R-loops, which consist of a DNA/RNA hybrid and a displaced single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), are increasingly recognized as critical regulators of chromatin biology. R-loops are particularly enriched at gene promoters, where they play important roles in regulating gene expression. However, the molecular mechanisms that control promoter-associated R-loops remain unclear. The epigenetic ‘reader’ Tudor domain-containing protein 3 (TDRD3), which recognizes methylarginine marks on histones and on the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, was previously shown to recruit DNA topoisomerase 3B (TOP3B) to relax negatively supercoiled DNA and prevent R-loop formation. Here, we further characterize the function of TDRD3 in R-loop metabolism and introduce the DExH-box helicase 9 (DHX9) as a novel interaction partner of the TDRD3/TOP3B complex. TDRD3 directly interacts with DHX9 via its Tudor domain. This interaction is important for recruiting DHX9 to target gene promoters, where it resolves R-loops in a helicase activity-dependent manner to facilitate gene expression. Additionally, TDRD3 also stimulates the helicase activity of DHX9. This stimulation relies on the OB-fold of TDRD3, which likely binds the ssDNA in the R-loop structure. Thus, DHX9 functions together with TOP3B to suppress promoter-associated R-loops. Collectively, these findings reveal new functions of TDRD3 and provide important mechanistic insights into the regulation of R-loop metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Qais Al-Hadid
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hyejin Cho
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yanzhong Yang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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19
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Wang L, Xu Z, Wang L, Liu C, Wei H, Zhang R, Chen Y, Wang L, Liu W, Xiao S, Li W, Li W. Histone H2B ubiquitination mediated chromatin relaxation is essential for the induction of somatic cell reprogramming. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13080. [PMID: 34155716 PMCID: PMC8349662 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cell reprogramming has significant impacts on their potential application in regenerative medicine. Chromatin remodelling plays a very important role in cell reprogramming, but its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS RNA-seq, quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis were applied to study the role of RNF20 and H2B ubiquitination during mouse somatic cell reprogramming. Chromatin structure and the recruitment of transcription factors were analysed by ChIP-seq, micrococcal nuclease sensitivity assays and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS We show that RNF20 is highly expressed at the early stage of reprogramming along with the accumulation of H2B ubiquitination at the same stage, and Rnf20 knockout results in the failure of reprogramming at the initial stage but not the maturation and stabilization stages. RNA-seq showed that Rnf20 knockout mainly affects the early stage of cell reprogramming by impairing the transcription of MET-related genes and early pluripotency genes. Importantly, Rnf20 knockout results in a more compacted chromosomes structure in reprogrammable cells, suppressing the recruitment of reprogramming transcription factors to their proper locations on the chromosomes, and finally resulting in the failure of pluripotent gene network establishment. CONCLUSIONS Histone H2B ubiquitination mediated chromatin relaxation is essential for the induction of somatic cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiliang Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huafang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruidan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Mattiroli F, Penengo L. Histone Ubiquitination: An Integrative Signaling Platform in Genome Stability. Trends Genet 2021; 37:566-581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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21
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Meng D, Guo K, Zhang D, Zhao C, Sun C, Zhang F. Ring finger 20/ring finger 40/WW domain-containing adaptor with coiled-coil complex interacts with p53 to regulate gene transcription in DNA damage response. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:436. [PMID: 33868474 PMCID: PMC8045150 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 is one of the most important tumor suppressor genes, and its primary function is to act as a transcriptional activator to control cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and cellular metabolism by recognizing and binding to specific DNA sequences. Defects in the ring finger (RNF)20/RNF40/WW domain-containing adaptor with coiled-coil (WAC) complex, one of the histone H2B ubiquitination E3 ligases, have been reported to be a key factor in oncogenesis, cancer cell migration and invasion. Histone H2B mono-ubiquitination has been demonstrated to be essential for maintaining the functionality of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. The aim of the present study was to identify any sites in the p53 DNA-binding domain (DBD) specific to the RNF20/RNF40/WAC complex that may be involved in the gene regulation in DNA damage response. The results demonstrated that p53 and the RNF20/RNF40/WAC complex interacted with each other, and the coiled-coil regions in RNF20, RNF40 and WAC were identified to directly interact with p53. The R282 site in the p53 DBD, one of the frequent missense mutations associated with p53 mutation-dependent cancer, was demonstrated to be the key binding site for the RNF20/RNF40/WAC complex. Furthermore, knockout of RNF20/RNF40 suppressed the expression levels of p53 and its target genes in HCT116 cells compared with those in wild-type HCT116 cells. Consistent with these results, the R282W mutation in p53 inhibited the expression levels of p53 and its downstream genes by inactivating the interaction between p53 and RNF20/RNF40 compared with those in wild-type HCT116 cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed the molecular mechanism of the interaction between the RNF20/RNF40/WAC complex and p53, and demonstrated that these proteins regulated gene transcription in the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Kun Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Die Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Chuanwen Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
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22
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Zhou S, Cai Y, Liu X, Jin L, Wang X, Ma W, Zhang T. Role of H2B mono-ubiquitination in the initiation and progression of cancer. Bull Cancer 2021; 108:385-398. [PMID: 33685627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous epigenetic alterations are observed in cancer cells, and dysregulation of mono-ubiquitination of histone H2B (H2Bub1) has often been linked to tumorigenesis. H2Bub1 is a dynamic post-translational histone modification associated with transcriptional elongation and DNA damage response. Histone H2B monoubiquitination occurs in the site of lysine 120, written predominantly by E3 ubiquitin ligases RNF20/RNF40 and deubiquitinated by ubiquitin specific peptidase 22 (USP22). RNF20/40 is often altered in the primary tumors including colorectal cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, and the loss of H2Bub1 is usually associated with poor prognosis in tumor patients. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of H2Bub1 in transcription, DNA damage response and primary tumors. This review also provides novel options for exploiting the potential therapeutic target H2Bub1 in personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Zhou
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yuqiao Cai
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Lijun Jin
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Beijing University of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Wenjian Ma
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Qilu Institute of Technology, Shandong 250200, PR China.
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan 430081, PR China.
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23
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RPA-mediated recruitment of Bre1 couples histone H2B ubiquitination to DNA replication and repair. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2017497118. [PMID: 33602814 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017497118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin E3 ligase Bre1-mediated H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub) is essential for proper DNA replication and repair in eukaryotes. Deficiency in H2Bub causes genome instability and cancer. How the Bre1-H2Bub pathway is evoked in response to DNA replication or repair remains unknown. Here, we identify that the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding factor RPA acts as a key mediator that couples Bre1-mediated H2Bub to DNA replication and repair in yeast. We found that RPA interacts with Bre1 in vitro and in vivo, and this interaction is stimulated by ssDNA. This association ensures the recruitment of Bre1 to replication forks or DNA breaks but does not affect its E3 ligase activity. Disruption of the interaction abolishes the local enrichment of H2Bub, resulting in impaired DNA replication, response to replication stress, and repair by homologous recombination, accompanied by increased genome instability and DNA damage sensitivity. Notably, we found that RNF20, the human homolog of Bre1, interacts with RPA70 in a conserved mode. Thus, RPA functions as a master regulator for the spatial-temporal control of H2Bub chromatin landscape during DNA replication and recombination, extending the versatile roles of RPA in guarding genome stability.
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Overexpression of ring finger protein 20 inhibits the progression of liver fibrosis via mediation of histone H2B lysine 120 ubiquitination. Hum Cell 2021; 34:759-770. [PMID: 33575967 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver injury that leads to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Ring finger protein 20 (RNF20), also named as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1A, has been reported to be involved in chronic liver diseases. However, the role of RNF20 in liver fibrosis remains unclear. To mimic liver fibrosis in vitro, LX-2 cells were treated with TGF-β. Gene and protein expressions were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot, respectively. The mechanism by which RNF20 mediated the progression of liver fibrosis was explored by bioinformatics analysis. Finally, in vivo mouse model of liver fibrosis was established to detect the function of RNF20. The results indicated that TGF-β-induced increase of cell viability and migration was significantly reversed by RNF20 overexpression. Consistently, overexpression of RNF20 significantly reversed TGF-β-induced activation of fibrotic proteins in LX-2 cells. Meanwhile, VEGFA, TNF-α and IL-6 were found to be the downstream targets of RNF20 in LX-2 cells. Moreover, RNF20 overexpression notably inhibited the progression of liver fibrosis via ubiquitination of H2B. Finally, RNF20 upregulation significantly attenuated the symptom of liver fibrosis in vivo. In summary, overexpression of RNF20 significantly inhibited the progression of liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, RNF20 might serve as a new target for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Regulation of Treg Functions by the Ubiquitin Pathway. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1278:47-62. [PMID: 33523442 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6407-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Tregs) cells, required to maintain immune homeostasis, have significant power in disease outcomes. Treg dysfunction, predominantly characterized by the loss of the master transcription factor FoxP3 and the acquisition of Teff-like phenotypes, can promote autoimmunity as well as enhance anti-tumor immunity. As FoxP3 expression and stability are pinnacle for Treg suppressive functions, understanding the pathways that regulate FoxP3 is crucial to ascertain Treg-mediated therapies for autoimmune diseases and cancer. Mechanisms controlling FoxP3 expression and stability range from transcriptional to posttranslational, revealing multiple therapeutic opportunities. While many of the transcriptional pathways have been explored in detail, a recent surge in interest on the posttranslational mechanisms regulating FoxP3 has arisen. Particularly, the role of ubiquitination on Tregs both directly and indirectly involving FoxP3 has gained interest. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on ubiquitin-dependent, FoxP3-mediated control of Treg function as it pertains to human diseases.
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Wang D, Wang Y, Wu X, Kong X, Li J, Dong C. RNF20 Is Critical for Snail-Mediated E-Cadherin Repression in Human Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:613470. [PMID: 33364200 PMCID: PMC7753216 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.613470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-cadherin, a hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is often repressed due to Snail-mediated epigenetic modification; however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. There is an urgent need to understand the determinants of tumor aggressiveness and identify potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We studied the association of RNF20 with Snail and G9a by co-immunoprecipitation. We employed quantitative real-time PCR, ChIP, transwell assay, colony formation assay, and mammosphere assay to dissect the molecular events associated with the repression of E-cadherin in human breast cancer. We used a proteogenomic dataset that contains 105 breast tumor samples to determine the clinical relevance of RNF20 by Kaplan-Meier analyses. RESULTS In this study, we identified that Snail interacted with RNF20, an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase responsible for monoubiquitination of H2BK120, and G9a, a methyltransferase for H3K9me2. RNF20 expression led to the inhibition of E-cadherin expression in the human breast cancer cells. Mechanically, we showed that RNF20 and H3K9m2 were enriched on the promoter of E-cadherin and knockdown of Snail reduced the enrichment of RNF20, showing a Snail-dependent manner. RNF20 expression enhanced breast cancer cell migration, invasion, tumorsphere and colony formation. Clinically, patients with high RNF20 expression had shorter overall survival. CONCLUSION RNF20 expression contributes to EMT induction and breast cancer progression through Snail-mediated epigenetic suppression of E-cadherin expression, suggesting the importance of RNF20 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Surgical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Surgical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuebiao Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiangxing Kong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Surgical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Surgical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Surgical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Marsh DJ, Ma Y, Dickson KA. Histone Monoubiquitination in Chromatin Remodelling: Focus on the Histone H2B Interactome and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3462. [PMID: 33233707 PMCID: PMC7699835 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodelling is a major mechanism by which cells control fundamental processes including gene expression, the DNA damage response (DDR) and ensuring the genomic plasticity required by stem cells to enable differentiation. The post-translational modification of histone H2B resulting in addition of a single ubiquitin, in humans at lysine 120 (K120; H2Bub1) and in yeast at K123, has key roles in transcriptional elongation associated with the RNA polymerase II-associated factor 1 complex (PAF1C) and in the DDR. H2Bub1 itself has been described as having tumour suppressive roles and a number of cancer-related proteins and/or complexes are recognised as part of the H2Bub1 interactome. These include the RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligases RNF20, RNF40 and BRCA1, the guardian of the genome p53, the PAF1C member CDC73, subunits of the switch/sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodelling complex and histone methyltransferase complexes DOT1L and COMPASS, as well as multiple deubiquitinases including USP22 and USP44. While globally depleted in many primary human malignancies, including breast, lung and colorectal cancer, H2Bub1 is selectively enriched at the coding region of certain highly expressed genes, including at p53 target genes in response to DNA damage, functioning to exercise transcriptional control of these loci. This review draws together extensive literature to cement a significant role for H2Bub1 in a range of human malignancies and discusses the interplay between key cancer-related proteins and H2Bub1-associated chromatin remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J. Marsh
- Translational Oncology Group, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (Y.M.); (K.-A.D.)
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yue Ma
- Translational Oncology Group, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (Y.M.); (K.-A.D.)
| | - Kristie-Ann Dickson
- Translational Oncology Group, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (Y.M.); (K.-A.D.)
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Epigenetic modification and a role for the E3 ligase RNF40 in cancer development and metastasis. Oncogene 2020; 40:465-474. [PMID: 33199825 PMCID: PMC7819849 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01556-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RNF40 (OMIM: 607700) is a really interesting new gene (RING) finger E3 ubiquitin ligase containing multiple coiled-coil domains and a C-terminal RING finger motif, which engage in protein–DNA and protein–protein interactions. RNF40 encodes a polypeptide of 1001 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 113,678 Da. RNF40 and its paralog RNF20 form a stable heterodimer complex that can monoubiquitylate histone H2B at lysine 120 as well as other nonhistone proteins. Cancer is a major public health problem and the second leading cause of death. Through its protein ubiquitylation activity, RNF40 acts as a tumor suppressor or oncogene to play major epigenetic roles in cancer development, progression, and metastasis, highlighting the essential function of RNF40 and the importance of studying it. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about RNF40 gene structure and the role of RNF40 in histone H2B monoubiquitylation, DNA damage repair, apoptosis, cancer development, and metastasis. We also underscore challenges in applying this information to cancer prognosis and prevention and highlight the urgent need for additional investigations of RNF40 as a potential target for cancer therapeutics.
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Wegwitz F, Prokakis E, Pejkovska A, Kosinsky RL, Glatzel M, Pantel K, Wikman H, Johnsen SA. The histone H2B ubiquitin ligase RNF40 is required for HER2-driven mammary tumorigenesis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:873. [PMID: 33070155 PMCID: PMC7568723 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The HER2-positive breast cancer subtype (HER2+-BC) displays a particularly aggressive behavior. Anti-HER2 therapies have significantly improved the survival of patients with HER2+-BC. However, a large number of patients become refractory to current targeted therapies, necessitating the development of new treatment strategies. Epigenetic regulators are commonly misregulated in cancer and represent attractive molecular therapeutic targets. Monoubiquitination of histone 2B (H2Bub1) by the heterodimeric ubiquitin ligase complex RNF20/RNF40 has been described to have tumor suppressor functions and loss of H2Bub1 has been associated with cancer progression. In this study, we utilized human tumor samples, cell culture models, and a mammary carcinoma mouse model with tissue-specific Rnf40 deletion and identified an unexpected tumor-supportive role of RNF40 in HER2+-BC. We demonstrate that RNF40-driven H2B monoubiquitination is essential for transcriptional activation of RHO/ROCK/LIMK pathway components and proper actin-cytoskeleton dynamics through a trans-histone crosstalk with histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3). Collectively, this work demonstrates a previously unknown essential role of RNF40 in HER2+-BC, revealing the H2B monoubiquitination axis as a possible tumor context-dependent therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wegwitz
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Evangelos Prokakis
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anastasija Pejkovska
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robyn Laura Kosinsky
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute for Neuropathology, University of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harriet Wikman
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Molecular Epigenetics Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Abstract
Physiological and pathological roles for R-loop structures continue to be discovered, and studies suggest that R-loops could contribute to human disease. R-loops are nucleic acid structures characterized by a DNA:RNA hybrid and displaced single-stranded DNA that occur in connection with transcription. R-loops form naturally and have been shown to be important for a number of physiological processes such as mitochondrial replication initiation, class switch recombination, DNA repair, modulating DNA topology, and regulation of gene expression. However, subsets of R-loops or persistent R-loops lead to DNA breaks, chromosome rearrangement, and genome instability. In addition, R-loops have been linked to human diseases, specifically neurological disorders and cancer. Of the large amount of research produced recently on R-loops, this review covers evidence for R-loop involvement in normal cellular physiology and pathophysiology, as well as describing factors that contribute to R-loop regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Patrick Mackay
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Qinqin Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Paul M Weinberger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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Deng ZH, Ai HS, Lu CP, Li JB. The Bre1/Rad6 machinery: writing the central histone ubiquitin mark on H2B and beyond. Chromosome Res 2020; 28:247-258. [PMID: 32895784 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-020-09640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mono-ubiquitination on H2B (H2Bub1) is an evolutionarily conserved histone post-translational modification implicated in various important physiological processes including DNA replication, transcription activation, and DNA damage repair. The Bre1/Rad6 ubiquitination machinery is currently considered to be the sole writer of H2Bub1, but the mechanistic basis by which it operates is unclear. Recently, the RING-type E3 ligase Bre1 was proposed to associate with the E2 enzyme Rad6 through a novel interaction between Bre1 RBD (Rad6 binding domain) and Rad6; and the RING domain of Bre1 that is responsible for the nucleosomal acidic patch binding also interacts with Rad6 to stimulate its catalytic activity. Recent discoveries have yielded evidence for the phenomenon of liquid-liquid phase separation in the context of H2Bub1, and its regulation by other histone post-translational modifications. This review summarizes current knowledge about Bre1/Rad6-mediated H2B ubiquitination, including the physiological functions and the molecular basis for writing and regulation of this central histone ubiquitin mark. Possible models for the Bre1/Rad6 machinery bound to nucleosomes bearing different modifications in the writing step are also disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Heng Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hua-Song Ai
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cheng-Piao Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jia-Bin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Molecular Characterization, Expression Profiling, and SNP Analysis of the Porcine RNF20 Gene. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050888. [PMID: 32443664 PMCID: PMC7278386 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we found that RNF20 is ubiquitously expressed in porcine tissues, and the sequence of the RING domain was highly conserved across different species. Eight potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were discovered, and one of them, SNP1 (A-1027G), was confirmed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Allele frequency differences were also analyzed in four pig breeds. This study provides a preliminary understanding of the porcine RNF20 gene. Abstract Fat deposition is considered an economically important trait in pig breeding programs. Ring finger protein 20 (RNF20), an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, has been shown to be closely involved in adipogenesis in mice, suggesting its conserved role in pigs. In this study, we obtained the exon sequences of the porcine RNF20 gene and characterized its molecular sequence. The porcine RNF20 gene contains 20 exons that encode 975 amino acids, and its RING domain is highly conserved across different species. Western blot analysis revealed that RNF20 was widely expressed, especially in various fat depots, and the level of H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub) was highly consistent. Eight potential SNPs were detected by sequencing pooled PCR fragments. PCR–RFLP was developed to detect a single nucleotide polymorphism (A-1027G) in exon 1, and the allele frequency differences were examined in four pig breeds. The G allele was predominant in these pigs. Association analysis between (A-1027G) and the backfat thickness of three commercial pig breeds was performed, but no significant association was found. Taken together, these results enabled us to undertake the molecular characterization, expression profiling, and SNP analysis of the porcine RNF20 gene.
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Bonacci T, Emanuele MJ. Dissenting degradation: Deubiquitinases in cell cycle and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:145-158. [PMID: 32201366 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery forty years ago, protein ubiquitination has been an ever-expanding field. Virtually all biological processes are controlled by the post-translational conjugation of ubiquitin onto target proteins. In addition, since ubiquitin controls substrate degradation through the action of hundreds of enzymes, many of which represent attractive therapeutic candidates, harnessing the ubiquitin system to reshape proteomes holds great promise for improving disease outcomes. Among the numerous physiological functions controlled by ubiquitin, the cell cycle is among the most critical. Indeed, the discovery that the key drivers of cell cycle progression are regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) epitomizes the connection between ubiquitin signaling and proliferation. Since cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell cycle progression and proliferation, targeting the UPS to stop cancer cells from cycling and proliferating holds enormous therapeutic potential. Ubiquitination is reversible, and ubiquitin is removed from substrates by catalytic proteases termed deubiquitinases or DUBs. While ubiquitination is tightly linked to proliferation and cancer, the role of DUBs represents a layer of complexity in this landscape that remains poorly captured. Due to their ability to remodel the proteome by altering protein degradation dynamics, DUBs play an important and underappreciated role in the cell cycle and proliferation of both normal and cancer cells. Moreover, due to their enzymatic protease activity and an open ubiquitin binding pocket, DUBs are likely to be important in the future of cancer treatment, since they are among the most druggable enzymes in the UPS. In this review we summarize new and important findings linking DUBs to cell cycle and proliferation, as well as to the etiology and treatment of cancer. We also highlight new advances in developing pharmacological approaches to attack DUBs for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bonacci
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Michael J Emanuele
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States; Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States.
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Leal-Gutiérrez JD, Elzo MA, Mateescu RG. Identification of eQTLs and sQTLs associated with meat quality in beef. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:104. [PMID: 32000679 PMCID: PMC6993519 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription has a substantial genetic control and genetic dissection of gene expression could help us understand the genetic architecture of complex phenotypes such as meat quality in cattle. The objectives of the present research were: 1) to perform eQTL and sQTL mapping analyses for meat quality traits in longissimus dorsi muscle; 2) to uncover genes whose expression is influenced by local or distant genetic variation; 3) to identify expression and splicing hot spots; and 4) to uncover genomic regions affecting the expression of multiple genes. RESULTS Eighty steers were selected for phenotyping, genotyping and RNA-seq evaluation. A panel of traits related to meat quality was recorded in longissimus dorsi muscle. Information on 112,042 SNPs and expression data on 8588 autosomal genes and 87,770 exons from 8467 genes were included in an expression and splicing quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping (eQTL and sQTL, respectively). A gene, exon and isoform differential expression analysis previously carried out in this population identified 1352 genes, referred to as DEG, as explaining part of the variability associated with meat quality traits. The eQTL and sQTL mapping was performed using a linear regression model in the R package Matrix eQTL. Genotype and year of birth were included as fixed effects, and population structure was accounted for by including as a covariate the first PC from a PCA analysis on genotypic data. The identified QTLs were classified as cis or trans using 1 Mb as the maximum distance between the associated SNP and the gene being analyzed. A total of 8377 eQTLs were identified, including 75.6% trans, 10.4% cis, 12.5% DEG trans and 1.5% DEG cis; while 11,929 sQTLs were uncovered: 66.1% trans, 16.9% DEG trans, 14% cis and 3% DEG cis. Twenty-seven expression master regulators and 13 splicing master regulators were identified and were classified as membrane-associated or cytoskeletal proteins, transcription factors or DNA methylases. These genes could control the expression of other genes through cell signaling or by a direct transcriptional activation/repression mechanism. CONCLUSION In the present analysis, we show that eQTL and sQTL mapping makes possible positional identification of gene and isoform expression regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauricio A Elzo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Raluca G Mateescu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Zimmermann A, Tadic J, Kainz K, Hofer SJ, Bauer MA, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Madeo F. Transcriptional and epigenetic control of regulated cell death in yeast. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 352:55-82. [PMID: 32334817 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Unicellular organisms like yeast can undergo controlled demise in a manner that is partly reminiscent of mammalian cell death. This is true at the levels of both mechanistic and functional conservation. Yeast offers the combination of unparalleled genetic amenability and a comparatively simple biology to understand both the regulation and evolution of cell death. In this minireview, we address the capacity of the nucleus as a regulatory hub during yeast regulated cell death (RCD), which is becoming an increasingly central question in yeast RCD research. In particular, we explore and critically discuss the available data on stressors and signals that specifically impinge on the nucleus. Moreover, we also analyze the current knowledge on nuclear factors as well as on transcriptional control and epigenetic events that orchestrate yeast RCD. Altogether we conclude that the functional significance of the nucleus for yeast RCD in undisputable, but that further exploration beyond correlative work is necessary to disentangle the role of nuclear events in the regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Tadic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Kainz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian J Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria A Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
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In S, Kim YI, Lee JE, Kim J. RNF20/40-mediated eEF1BδL monoubiquitylation stimulates transcription of heat shock-responsive genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:2840-2855. [PMID: 30649429 PMCID: PMC6451099 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RNF20/40 E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated histone H2B monoubiquitylation plays important roles in many cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation. However, the multiple defects observed in RNF20-depleted cells suggest additional ubiquitylation targets of RNF20/40 beyond histone H2B. Here, using biochemically defined assays employing purified factors and cell-based analyses, we demonstrate that RNF20/40, in conjunction with its cognate E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme RAD6, monoubiquitylates lysine 381 of eEF1BδL, a heat shock transcription factor. Notably, monoubiquitylation of eEF1BδL increases eEF1BδL accumulation and potentiates recruitment of p-TEFb to the promoter regions of heat shock-responsive genes, leading to enhanced transcription of these genes. We further demonstrate that cooperative physical interactions among eEF1BδL, RNF20/40, and HSF1 synergistically promote expression of heat shock-responsive genes. In addition to identifying eEF1BδL as a novel ubiquitylation target of RNF20/40 and elucidating its function, we provide a molecular mechanism for the cooperative function of distinct transcription factors in heat shock-responsive gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna In
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yong-In Kim
- Center for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - J Eugene Lee
- Center for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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37
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Guo Z, Tian Y, Guo Y, Li B, Liu X, Xie K, Song Y, Wang D. RAD6B Plays a Critical Role in Neuronal DNA Damage Response to Resist Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:392. [PMID: 31507381 PMCID: PMC6716356 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
RAD6 participates in DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair by ubiquitinating histone H2B in mitotic cells. In terminally differentiated cells, however, the mechanisms of DNA damage repair are less well known. In this study, we investigate whether RAD6B is involved in DSBs repair in neurons and effects of RAD6B deficiency on neuronal survival. We compared neurons of RAD6B-deficient mice with those of littermate wild type (WT) mice and induced DNA damage by X-ray irradiation. We provide evidence that RAD6B is essential for neural DDR and RAD6B deficiency results in increased genomic instability and neurodegeneration. Moreover, higher levels of p53 and p21 are present in the brains of RAD6B-deficient mice, which may be responsible for neuronal senescence, and degeneration. In addition, behavioral experiments show that RAD6B-deficient mice exhibit marked learning and memory deficits. In conclusion, these findings suggest that RAD6B is critical for neural integrity and that the absence of RAD6B accelerates neurodegeneration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingxia Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingli Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Boya Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangwen Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kun Xie
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Song
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Degui Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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38
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Zheng S, Li D, Lu Z, Liu G, Wang M, Xing P, Wang M, Dong Y, Wang X, Li J, Zhang S, Peng H, Ira G, Li G, Chen X. Bre1-dependent H2B ubiquitination promotes homologous recombination by stimulating histone eviction at DNA breaks. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:11326-11339. [PMID: 30304473 PMCID: PMC6265479 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) requires eviction of the histones around DNA breaks to allow the loading of numerous repair and checkpoint proteins. However, the mechanism and regulation of this process remain poorly understood. Here, we show that histone H2B ubiquitination (uH2B) promotes histone eviction at DSBs independent of resection or ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers. Cells lacking uH2B or its E3 ubiquitin ligase Bre1 exhibit hyper-resection due to the loss of H3K79 methylation that recruits Rad9, a known negative regulator of resection. Unexpectedly, despite excessive single-strand DNA being produced, bre1Δ cells show defective RPA and Rad51 recruitment and impaired repair by homologous recombination and response to DNA damage. The HR defect in bre1Δ cells correlates with impaired histone loss at DSBs and can be largely rescued by depletion of CAF-1, a histone chaperone depositing histones H3-H4. Overexpression of Rad51 stimulates histone eviction and partially suppresses the recombination defects of bre1Δ mutant. Thus, we propose that Bre1 mediated-uH2B promotes DSB repair through facilitating histone eviction and subsequent loading of repair proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, the Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences and the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Dan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, the Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences and the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, the Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences and the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Guangxue Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, the Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences and the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, the Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences and the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Poyuan Xing
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, the Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences and the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Min Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, the Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences and the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xuejie Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, the Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences and the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jingyao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, the Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences and the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Simin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, the Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences and the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Haoyang Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, the Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences and the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Grzegorz Ira
- The Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guohong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, the Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences and the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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39
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The Role of Ubiquitination in Regulating Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112667. [PMID: 31151253 PMCID: PMC6600158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination regulates nearly every aspect of cellular events in eukaryotes. It modifies intracellular proteins with 76-amino acid polypeptide ubiquitin (Ub) and destines them for proteolysis or activity alteration. Ubiquitination is generally achieved by a tri-enzyme machinery involving ubiquitin activating enzymes (E1), ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (E2) and ubiquitin ligases (E3). E1 activates Ub and transfers it to the active cysteine site of E2 via a transesterification reaction. E3 coordinates with E2 to mediate isopeptide bond formation between Ub and substrate protein. The E1-E2-E3 cascade can create diverse types of Ub modifications, hence effecting distinct outcomes on the substrate proteins. Dysregulation of ubiquitination results in severe consequences and human diseases. There include cancers, developmental defects and immune disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of the ubiquitination machinery and discuss the recent progresses in the ubiquitination-mediated regulation of embryonic stem cell maintenance and cancer biology.
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40
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Oing C, Skowron MA, Bokemeyer C, Nettersheim D. Epigenetic treatment combinations to effectively target cisplatin-resistant germ cell tumors: past, present, and future considerations. Andrology 2019; 7:487-497. [PMID: 30924611 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type II germ cell tumors represent the most common solid malignancy in men aged 15-45 years. Despite high cure rates of >90% over all stages, 10-15% of advanced patients develop treatment resistance and potentially succumb to their disease. Treatment of refractory germ cell tumors remains unsatisfactory, and new approaches are needed to further improve outcomes. OBJECTIVES With this narrative review, we highlight epigenetic mechanisms related to resistance to standard systemic treatment, which may act as promising targets for novel combined epigenetic treatment approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE was conducted to identify original and review articles on resistance mechanisms and/or epigenetic treatment of germ cell tumors in vitro and in vivo. Review articles were hand-searched to identify additional articles. RESULTS Distinct epigenetic phenomena have been linked to chemotherapy resistance in germ cell tumors, among which DNA hypermethylation, histone acetylation, and bromodomain proteins appear as promising targets for therapeutic exploitation. Inhibitors of key regulators, for example DNA methyltransferases (e.g. decitabine, guadecitabine), histone deacetylases (e.g. romidepsin), and bromodomain proteins (e.g. JQ1) decreased cell viability, triggered apoptosis, and growth arrest. Additionally, these epigenetic drugs induced differentiation and led to loss of pluripotency and re-sensitization towards cisplatin in cell lines and animal models. DISCUSSION Epigenetic treatments hold promise to (i) reduce the treatment burden of and (ii) overcome resistance to standard cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Combined approaches may enhance activity, while the ideal target and treatment combination of epigenetic drugs, either with another epigenetic agent or conventional cytotoxic agents need to be defined. CONCLUSION Epigenetic (combination) treatment for germ cell tumors should be further explored in pre-clinical and clinical research for its potential to further improve germ cell tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oing
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M A Skowron
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Lab, Translational Urooncology, University Medical School Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - C Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Nettersheim
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Lab, Translational Urooncology, University Medical School Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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41
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Jeusset LMP, McManus KJ. Developing Targeted Therapies That Exploit Aberrant Histone Ubiquitination in Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020165. [PMID: 30781493 PMCID: PMC6406838 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone ubiquitination is a critical epigenetic mechanism regulating DNA-driven processes such as gene transcription and DNA damage repair. Importantly, the cellular machinery regulating histone ubiquitination is frequently altered in cancers. Moreover, aberrant histone ubiquitination can drive oncogenesis by altering the expression of tumor suppressors and oncogenes, misregulating cellular differentiation and promoting cancer cell proliferation. Thus, targeting aberrant histone ubiquitination may be a viable strategy to reprogram transcription in cancer cells, in order to halt cellular proliferation and induce cell death, which is the basis for the ongoing development of therapies targeting histone ubiquitination. In this review, we present the normal functions of histone H2A and H2B ubiquitination and describe the role aberrant histone ubiquitination has in oncogenesis. We also describe the key benefits and challenges associated with current histone ubiquitination targeting strategies. As these strategies are predicted to have off-target effects, we discuss additional efforts aimed at developing synthetic lethal strategies and epigenome editing tools, which may prove pivotal in achieving effective and selective therapies targeting histone ubiquitination, and ultimately improving the lives and outcomes of those living with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile M-P Jeusset
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Kirk J McManus
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
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42
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Marsh DJ, Dickson KA. Writing Histone Monoubiquitination in Human Malignancy-The Role of RING Finger E3 Ubiquitin Ligases. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10010067. [PMID: 30669413 PMCID: PMC6356280 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence highlighting the importance of monoubiquitination as part of the histone code. Monoubiquitination, the covalent attachment of a single ubiquitin molecule at specific lysines of histone tails, has been associated with transcriptional elongation and the DNA damage response. Sites function as scaffolds or docking platforms for proteins involved in transcription or DNA repair; however, not all sites are equal, with some sites resulting in actively transcribed chromatin and others associated with gene silencing. All events are written by E3 ubiquitin ligases, predominantly of the RING (really interesting new gene) finger type. One of the most well-studied events is monoubiquitination of histone H2B at lysine 120 (H2Bub1), written predominantly by the RING finger complex RNF20-RNF40 and generally associated with active transcription. Monoubiquitination of histone H2A at lysine 119 (H2AK119ub1) is also well-studied, its E3 ubiquitin ligase constituting part of the Polycomb Repressor Complex 1 (PRC1), RING1B-BMI1, associated with transcriptional silencing. Both modifications are activated as part of the DNA damage response. Histone monoubiquitination is a key epigenomic event shaping the chromatin landscape of malignancy and influencing how cells respond to DNA damage. This review discusses a number of these sites and the E3 RING finger ubiquitin ligases that write them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Marsh
- University of Technology Sydney, Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Kristie-Ann Dickson
- University of Technology Sydney, Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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43
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Hooda J, Novak M, Salomon MP, Matsuba C, Ramos RI, MacDuffie E, Song M, Hirsch MS, Lester J, Parkash V, Karlan BY, Oren M, Hoon DS, Drapkin R. Early Loss of Histone H2B Monoubiquitylation Alters Chromatin Accessibility and Activates Key Immune Pathways That Facilitate Progression of Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 79:760-772. [PMID: 30563893 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent insights supporting the fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) and serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STIC) as the tissue of origin and the precursor lesion, respectively, for the majority of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC) provide the necessary context to study the mechanisms that drive the development and progression of HGSOC. Here, we investigate the role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF20 and histone H2B monoubiquitylation (H2Bub1) in serous tumorigenesis and report that heterozygous loss of RNF20 defines the majority of HGSOC tumors. At the protein level, H2Bub1 was lost or downregulated in a large proportion of STIC and invasive HGSOC tumors, implicating RNF20/H2Bub1 loss as an early event in the development of serous ovarian carcinoma. Knockdown of RNF20, with concomitant loss of H2Bub1, was sufficient to enhance cell migration and clonogenic growth of FTE cells. To investigate the mechanisms underlying these effects, we performed ATAC-seq and RNA-seq in RNF20 knockdown FTE cell lines. Loss of RNF20 and H2Bub1 was associated with a more open chromatin conformation, leading to upregulation of immune signaling pathways, including IL6. IL6 was one of the key cytokines significantly upregulated in RNF20- and H2Bub1-depleted FTE cells and imparted upon these cells an enhanced migratory phenotype. These studies provide mechanistic insight into the observed oncogenic phenotypes triggered by the early loss of H2Bub1. SIGNIFICANCE: Loss of RNF20 and H2Bub1 contributes to transformation of the fallopian tube epithelium and plays a role in the initiation and progression of high-grade serous ovarian cancer.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/4/760/F1.large.jpg.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Chromatin/genetics
- Chromatin/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- Disease Progression
- Fallopian Tube Neoplasms/genetics
- Fallopian Tube Neoplasms/metabolism
- Fallopian Tube Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Histones/genetics
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
- Ubiquitination
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagmohan Hooda
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marián Novak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew P Salomon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Health Services, Santa Monica, California
| | - Chikako Matsuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Health Services, Santa Monica, California
| | - Romela I Ramos
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Health Services, Santa Monica, California
| | - Emily MacDuffie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Melissa Song
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle S Hirsch
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vinita Parkash
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dave S Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Health Services, Santa Monica, California
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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44
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Fournier LA, Kumar A, Stirling PC. Chromatin as a Platform for Modulating the Replication Stress Response. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9120622. [PMID: 30544989 PMCID: PMC6316668 DOI: 10.3390/genes9120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic DNA replication occurs in the context of chromatin. Recent years have seen major advances in our understanding of histone supply, histone recycling and nascent histone incorporation during replication. Furthermore, much is now known about the roles of histone remodellers and post-translational modifications in replication. It has also become clear that nucleosome dynamics during replication play critical roles in genome maintenance and that chromatin modifiers are important for preventing DNA replication stress. An understanding of how cells deploy specific nucleosome modifiers, chaperones and remodellers directly at sites of replication fork stalling has been building more slowly. Here we will specifically discuss recent advances in understanding how chromatin composition contribute to replication fork stability and restart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun Kumar
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Peter C Stirling
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
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45
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Chernikova SB, Nguyen RB, Truong JT, Mello SS, Stafford JH, Hay MP, Olson A, Solow-Cordero DE, Wood DJ, Henry S, von Eyben R, Deng L, Gephart MH, Aroumougame A, Wiese C, Game JC, Győrffy B, Brown JM. Dynamin impacts homology-directed repair and breast cancer response to chemotherapy. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5307-5321. [PMID: 30371505 DOI: 10.1172/jci87191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
After the initial responsiveness of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) to chemotherapy, they often recur as chemotherapy-resistant tumors, and this has been associated with upregulated homology-directed repair (HDR). Thus, inhibitors of HDR could be a useful adjunct to chemotherapy treatment of these cancers. We performed a high-throughput chemical screen for inhibitors of HDR from which we obtained a number of hits that disrupted microtubule dynamics. We postulated that high levels of the target molecules of our screen in tumors would correlate with poor chemotherapy response. We found that inhibition or knockdown of dynamin 2 (DNM2), known for its role in endocytic cell trafficking and microtubule dynamics, impaired HDR and improved response to chemotherapy of cells and of tumors in mice. In a retrospective analysis, levels of DNM2 at the time of treatment strongly predicted chemotherapy outcome for estrogen receptor-negative and especially for TNBC patients. We propose that DNM2-associated DNA repair enzyme trafficking is important for HDR efficiency and is a powerful predictor of sensitivity to breast cancer chemotherapy and an important target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia B Chernikova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Rochelle B Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jessica T Truong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stephano S Mello
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jason H Stafford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael P Hay
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Douglas J Wood
- Data Coordinating Center, Department of Biomedical Data Science, and
| | - Solomon Henry
- Data Coordinating Center, Department of Biomedical Data Science, and
| | - Rie von Eyben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Asaithamby Aroumougame
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia Wiese
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - John C Game
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary.,Semmelweis University 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Martin Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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46
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Role of RNF20 in cancer development and progression - a comprehensive review. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171287. [PMID: 29934362 PMCID: PMC6043722 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolving strategies to counter cancer initiation and progression rely on the identification of novel therapeutic targets that exploit the aberrant genetic changes driving oncogenesis. Several chromatin associated enzymes have been shown to influence post-translational modification (PTM) in DNA, histones, and non-histone proteins. Any deregulation of this core group of enzymes often leads to cancer development. Ubiquitylation of histone H2B in mammalian cells was identified over three decades ago. An exciting really interesting new gene (RING) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, known as RNF20 and RNF40, monoubiquitinates histone H2A at K119 or H2B at K120, is known to function in transcriptional elongation, DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair processes, maintenance of chromatin differentiation, and exerting tumor suppressor activity. RNF20 is somatically altered in breast, lung, prostate cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and mixed lineage leukemia, and its reduced expression is a key factor in initiating genome instability; and it also functions as one of the significant driving factors of oncogenesis. Loss of RNF20/40 and H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1) is found in several cancers and is linked to an aggressive phenotype, and is also an indicator of poor prognosis. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of RNF20 in chronic inflammation-driven cancers, DNA DSBs, and apoptosis, and its impact on chromatin structure beyond the single nucleosome level.
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Zheng X, Chen K, Liu X, Pan Y, Liu H. High RNF40 expression indicates poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:2901-2906. [PMID: 31938414 PMCID: PMC6958262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human RING-finger protein 40 (RNF40) is reported as an E3 ligase of H2B ubiquitination. RNF40 needs to couple with its homolog RNF20 to format a complex to regulate DNA double strand break (DSB) response and chromatin stability. Deficient expression of RNF40 might cause incorrect DNA repair and contribute to genomic instability, leading to an abnormal transcriptional program. Incorrect DSB repair and aberrant gene transcription play important roles in tumorigenesis. The role in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, remains unclear. In this study, we selected 103 cases of HCC for immunohistochemistry to explore the role of RNF40 in HCC. The relationship between RNF40 expression and clinicopathological features of HCC was evaluated. RNF40 was mainly localized in the nucleus, where the percentage of low and high staining of RNF40 in tumor tissues was 50.4% (53/103) and 49.6% (50/103), respectively. By contrast, in para-normal tissues the percentage was 92.2% (95/103) and 7.8% (8/103) respectively. Expression of RNF40 in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in para-normal tissues (P>0.01). Expression of RNF40 had significant association with AFP and TNM tumor stage (both P>0.01). However, age, gender, Hepatitis B Virus infection, liver cirrhosis, tumor size, tumor number, differential stage, and tumor thrombosis were not associated with RNF40 expression. Meanwhile, HCC patients with high expression of RNF40 had lower 5 year overall survival rates and disease-free survival rates (P>0.05). RNF40 is, potentially, an independent prognostic factor for survival in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyong Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Cardamonin inhibits colonic neoplasia through modulation of MicroRNA expression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13945. [PMID: 29066742 PMCID: PMC5655681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is currently the third leading cause of cancer related deaths. There is considerable interest in using dietary intervention strategies to prevent chronic diseases including cancer. Cardamonin is a spice derived nutraceutical and herein, for the first time we evaluated the therapeutic benefits of cardamonin in Azoxymethane (AOM) induced mouse model of colorectal cancer. Mice were divided into 4 groups of which three groups were given six weekly injections of AOM. One group served as untreated control and remaining groups were treated with either vehicle or Cardamonin starting from the same day or 16 weeks after the first AOM injection. Cardamonin treatment inhibited the tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity, Ki-67 and β-catenin positive cells. The activation of NF-kB signaling was also abrogated after cardamonin treatment. To elucidate the mechanism of action a global microRNA profiling of colon samples was performed. Computational analysis revealed that there is a differential expression of miRNAs between these groups. Subsequently, we extend our findings to human colorectal cancer and found that cardamonin inhibited the growth, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cell lines. Taken together, our study provides a better understanding of chemopreventive potential of cardamonin in colorectal cancer.
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Boccellino M, Vanacore D, Zappavigna S, Cavaliere C, Rossetti S, D'Aniello C, Chieffi P, Amler E, Buonerba C, Di Lorenzo G, Di Franco R, Izzo A, Piscitelli R, Iovane G, Muto P, Botti G, Perdonà S, Caraglia M, Facchini G. Testicular cancer from diagnosis to epigenetic factors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104654-104663. [PMID: 29262668 PMCID: PMC5732834 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer (TC) is one of the most common neoplasms that occurs in male and includes germ cell tumors (GCT), sex cord-gonadal stromal tumors and secondary testicular tumors. Diagnosis of TC involves the evaluation of serum tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate dehydrogenase, but clinically several types of immunohistochemical markers are more useful and more sensitive in GCT, but not in teratoma. These new biomarkers are genes expressed in primordial germ cells/gonocytes and embryonic pluripotency-related cells but not in normal adult germ cells and they include PLAP, OCT3/4 (POU5F1), NANOG, SOX2, REX1, AP-2γ (TFAP2C) and LIN28. Gene expression in GCT is regulated, at least in part, by DNA and histone modifications, and the epigenetic profile of these tumours is characterised by genome-wide demethylation. There are different epigenetic modifications in TG-subtypes that reflect the normal developmental switch in primordial germ cells from an under- to normally methylated genome. The main purpose of this review is to illustrate the findings of recent investigations in the classification of male genital organs, the discoveries in the use of prognostic and diagnostic markers and the epigenetic aberrations mainly affecting the patterns of DNA methylation/histone modifications of genes (especially tumor suppressors) and microRNAs (miRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Vanacore
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Naples, Italy.,Progetto ONCONET 2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Cavaliere
- Medical Oncology Unit, ASL NA 3 SUD, Ospedali Riuniti Area Nolana, Nola, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossetti
- Progetto ONCONET 2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine D'Aniello
- Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.R.N. dei COLLI "Ospedali Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO", Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Chieffi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Evzen Amler
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, UCEEB, CVUT, Zikova 4, Prague 6, Student Science, H.Podluzi, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carlo Buonerba
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Lorenzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Franco
- Progetto ONCONET 2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale'-IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Izzo
- Division of Urology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Piscitelli
- Progetto ONCONET 2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Iovane
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Muto
- Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale'-IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"- IRCCS, Naples, Italy.,Scientific Management, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Sisto Perdonà
- Division of Urology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Progetto ONCONET 2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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Spolverini A, Fuchs G, Bublik DR, Oren M. let-7b and let-7c microRNAs promote histone H2B ubiquitylation and inhibit cell migration by targeting multiple components of the H2B deubiquitylation machinery. Oncogene 2017; 36:5819-5828. [PMID: 28604753 PMCID: PMC5600258 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monoubiquitylation of histone H2B (H2Bub1) is catalyzed mainly by the RNF20/RNF40 complex and erased by multiple deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs). H2Bub1 influences many aspects of chromatin function, including transcription regulation and DNA repair. Cancer cells often display reduced levels of H2Bub1, and this reduction may contribute to cancer progression. The let-7 family of microRNAs comprises multiple members with reported tumor suppressive features, whose expression is frequently downregulated in cancer. We now report that let-7b and let-7c can positively regulate cellular H2Bub1 levels. Overexpression of let-7b and let-7c in a variety of non-transformed and cancer-derived cell lines results in H2Bub1 elevation. The positive effect of let-7b and let-7c on H2Bub1 levels is achieved through targeting of multiple mRNAs, coding for distinct components of the H2B deubiquitylation machinery. Specifically, let-7b and let-7c bind directly and inhibit the mRNAs encoding the DUBs USP42 and USP44, and also the mRNA encoding the adapter protein ATXN7L3, which is part of the DUB module of the SAGA complex. RNF20 knockdown strongly reduces H2Bub1 levels and increases the migration of non-transformed mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer-derived cells. Remarkably, overexpression of let-7b, which partly counteracts the effect of RNF20 knockdown on H2Bub1 levels, also reverses the pro-migratory effect of RNF20 knockdown. Likewise, ATXN7L3 knockdown also increases H2Bub1 levels and reduces cell migration, and this anti-migratory effect is abolished by simultaneous knockdown of RNF20. Together, our findings uncover a novel function of let-7 microRNAs as regulators of H2B ubiquitylation, suggesting an additional mechanism whereby these microRNAs can exert their tumor suppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Spolverini
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - G Fuchs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - D R Bublik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - M Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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