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De Coninck S, De Smedt R, Lintermans B, Reunes L, Kosasih HJ, Reekmans A, Brown LM, Van Roy N, Palhais B, Roels J, Van der Linden M, Van Dorpe J, Ntziachristos P, Van Delft FW, Mansour MR, Pieters T, Lammens T, De Moerloose B, De Bock CE, Goossens S, Van Vlierberghe P. Targeting hyperactive platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β signaling in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma. Haematologica 2024; 109:1373-1384. [PMID: 37941480 PMCID: PMC11063843 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) are rare aggressive hematologic malignancies. Current treatment consists of intensive chemotherapy leading to 80% overall survival but is associated with severe toxic side effects. Furthermore, 10-20% of patients still die from relapsed or refractory disease providing a strong rationale for more specific, targeted therapeutic strategies with less toxicities. Here, we report a novel MYH9::PDGFRB fusion in a T-LBL patient, and demonstrate that this fusion product is constitutively active and sufficient to drive oncogenic transformation in vitro and in vivo. Expanding our analysis more broadly across T-ALL, we found a T-ALL cell line and multiple patient-derived xenograft models with PDGFRB hyperactivation in the absence of a fusion, with high PDGFRB expression in TLX3 and HOXA T-ALL molecular subtypes. To target this PDGFRB hyperactivation, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of a selective PDGFRB inhibitor, CP-673451, both in vitro and in vivo and demonstrated sensitivity if the receptor is hyperactivated. Altogether, our work reveals that hyperactivation of PDGFRB is an oncogenic driver in T-ALL/T-LBL, and that screening T-ALL/T-LBL patients for phosphorylated PDGFRB levels can serve as a biomarker for PDGFRB inhibition as a novel targeted therapeutic strategy in their treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stien De Coninck
- Lab of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent
| | - Renate De Smedt
- Lab of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent
| | - Beatrice Lintermans
- Lab of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent
| | - Lindy Reunes
- Lab of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent
| | - Hansen J Kosasih
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Alexandra Reekmans
- Lab of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent
| | - Lauren M Brown
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Nadine Van Roy
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Lab for Translational Oncogenomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Pediatric Precision Oncology Lab, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent
| | - Bruno Palhais
- Lab of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent
| | - Juliette Roels
- Lab of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent
| | - Malaika Van der Linden
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent
| | - Jo Van Dorpe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent
| | - Panagiotis Ntziachristos
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent
| | - Frederik W Van Delft
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Marc R Mansour
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer, Institute of Child Health, University College London
| | - Tim Pieters
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent
| | - Tim Lammens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent
| | - Barbara De Moerloose
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent
| | - Charles E De Bock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Steven Goossens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Translational Research in Oncology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent.
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Lab of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent
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Huang Y, Cao D, Zhang M, Yang Y, Niu G, Tang L, Shen Z, Zhang Z, Bai Y, Min D, He A. Exploring the impact of PDGFD in osteosarcoma metastasis through single-cell sequencing analysis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00949-3. [PMID: 38652223 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The overall survival rate for metastatic osteosarcoma hovers around 20%. Responses to second-line chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies have demonstrated limited efficacy in metastatic osteosarcoma. Our objective is to validate differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways between non-metastatic and metastatic osteosarcoma, employing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and additional functional investigations. We aim to enhance comprehension of metastatic mechanisms and potentially unveil a therapeutic target. METHODS scRNA-seq was performed on two primary osteosarcoma lesions (1 non-metastatic and 1 metastatic). Seurat package facilitated dimensionality reduction and cluster identification. Copy number variation (CNV) was predicted using InferCNV. CellChat characterized ligand-receptor-based intercellular communication networks. Differentially expressed genes underwent GO function enrichment analysis and GSEA. Validation was achieved through the GSE152048 dataset, which identified PDGFD-PDGFRB as a common ligand-receptor pair with significant contribution. Immunohistochemistry assessed PDGFD and PDGFRB expression, while multicolor immunofluorescence and flow cytometry provided insight into spatial relationships and the tumor immune microenvironment. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis compared metastasis-free survival and overall survival between high and low levels of PDGFD and PDGFRB. Manipulation of PDGFD expression in primary osteosarcoma cells examined invasion abilities and related markers. RESULTS Ten clusters encompassing osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, fibroblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells, myeloid cells, T cells, B cells, and proliferating cells were identified. Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes exhibited heightened CNV levels. Ligand-receptor-based communication networks exposed significant fibroblast crosstalk with other cell types, and the PDGF signaling pathway was activated in non-metastatic osteosarcoma primary lesion. These results were corroborated by the GSE152048 dataset, confirming the prominence of PDGFD-PDGFRB as a common ligand-receptor pair. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated considerably greater PDGFD expression in non-metastatic osteosarcoma tissues and organoids, correlating with extended metastasis-free and overall survival. PDGFRB expression showed no significant variation between non-metastatic and metastatic osteosarcoma, nor strong correlations with survival times. Multicolor immunofluorescence suggested co-localization of PDGFD with PDGFRB. Flow cytometry unveiled a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment in metastatic osteosarcoma. Manipulating PDGFD expression demonstrated altered invasive abilities and marker expressions in primary osteosarcoma cells from both non-metastatic and metastatic lesions. CONCLUSIONS scRNA-seq illuminated the activation of the PDGF signaling pathway in primary lesion of non-metastatic osteosarcoma. PDGFD displayed an inhibitory effect on osteosarcoma metastasis, likely through the suppression of the EMT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, the Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Manxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, the Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | | | - Lina Tang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zan Shen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhichang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqing Bai
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daliu Min
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aina He
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Zarrabi A, Perrin D, Kavoosi M, Sommer M, Sezen S, Mehrbod P, Bhushan B, Machaj F, Rosik J, Kawalec P, Afifi S, Bolandi SM, Koleini P, Taheri M, Madrakian T, Łos MJ, Lindsey B, Cakir N, Zarepour A, Hushmandi K, Fallah A, Koc B, Khosravi A, Ahmadi M, Logue S, Orive G, Pecic S, Gordon JW, Ghavami S. Rhabdomyosarcoma: Current Therapy, Challenges, and Future Approaches to Treatment Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5269. [PMID: 37958442 PMCID: PMC10650215 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare cancer arising in skeletal muscle that typically impacts children and young adults. It is a worldwide challenge in child health as treatment outcomes for metastatic and recurrent disease still pose a major concern for both basic and clinical scientists. The treatment strategies for rhabdomyosarcoma include multi-agent chemotherapies after surgical resection with or without ionization radiotherapy. In this comprehensive review, we first provide a detailed clinical understanding of rhabdomyosarcoma including its classification and subtypes, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Later, we focus on chemotherapy strategies for this childhood sarcoma and discuss the impact of three mechanisms that are involved in the chemotherapy response including apoptosis, macro-autophagy, and the unfolded protein response. Finally, we discuss in vivo mouse and zebrafish models and in vitro three-dimensional bioengineering models of rhabdomyosarcoma to screen future therapeutic approaches and promote muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34396, Türkiye; (A.Z.); (A.Z.)
| | - David Perrin
- Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (D.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mahboubeh Kavoosi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (M.K.); (B.B.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (P.K.); (S.A.); (S.M.B.); (P.K.); (B.L.); (S.L.); (J.W.G.)
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 8 Krzywousty St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Micah Sommer
- Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (D.P.); (M.S.)
- Section of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Serap Sezen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Türkiye; (S.S.); (N.C.); (B.K.)
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Department of Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran;
| | - Bhavya Bhushan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (M.K.); (B.B.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (P.K.); (S.A.); (S.M.B.); (P.K.); (B.L.); (S.L.); (J.W.G.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Filip Machaj
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (M.K.); (B.B.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (P.K.); (S.A.); (S.M.B.); (P.K.); (B.L.); (S.L.); (J.W.G.)
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jakub Rosik
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (M.K.); (B.B.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (P.K.); (S.A.); (S.M.B.); (P.K.); (B.L.); (S.L.); (J.W.G.)
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Philip Kawalec
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (M.K.); (B.B.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (P.K.); (S.A.); (S.M.B.); (P.K.); (B.L.); (S.L.); (J.W.G.)
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Saba Afifi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (M.K.); (B.B.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (P.K.); (S.A.); (S.M.B.); (P.K.); (B.L.); (S.L.); (J.W.G.)
| | - Seyed Mohammadreza Bolandi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (M.K.); (B.B.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (P.K.); (S.A.); (S.M.B.); (P.K.); (B.L.); (S.L.); (J.W.G.)
| | - Peiman Koleini
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (M.K.); (B.B.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (P.K.); (S.A.); (S.M.B.); (P.K.); (B.L.); (S.L.); (J.W.G.)
| | - Mohsen Taheri
- Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran;
| | - Tayyebeh Madrakian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran; (T.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Marek J. Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 8 Krzywousty St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Benjamin Lindsey
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (M.K.); (B.B.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (P.K.); (S.A.); (S.M.B.); (P.K.); (B.L.); (S.L.); (J.W.G.)
| | - Nilufer Cakir
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Türkiye; (S.S.); (N.C.); (B.K.)
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34396, Türkiye; (A.Z.); (A.Z.)
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963114, Iran;
| | - Ali Fallah
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Türkiye;
| | - Bahattin Koc
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Türkiye; (S.S.); (N.C.); (B.K.)
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Türkiye;
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Türkiye
| | - Arezoo Khosravi
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul 34959, Türkiye;
| | - Mazaher Ahmadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran; (T.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Susan Logue
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (M.K.); (B.B.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (P.K.); (S.A.); (S.M.B.); (P.K.); (B.L.); (S.L.); (J.W.G.)
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology–UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Stevan Pecic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA;
| | - Joseph W. Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (M.K.); (B.B.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (P.K.); (S.A.); (S.M.B.); (P.K.); (B.L.); (S.L.); (J.W.G.)
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (M.K.); (B.B.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (P.K.); (S.A.); (S.M.B.); (P.K.); (B.L.); (S.L.); (J.W.G.)
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Academy of Silesia, Faculty of Medicine, Rolna 43, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
- Research Institutes of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
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Casanova M, Bautista F, Campbell-Hewson Q, Makin G, Marshall LV, Verschuur AC, Cañete Nieto A, Corradini N, Ploeger BA, Brennan BJ, Mueller U, Zebger-Gong H, Chung JW, Geoerger B. Regorafenib plus Vincristine and Irinotecan in Pediatric Patients with Recurrent/Refractory Solid Tumors: An Innovative Therapy for Children with Cancer Study. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4341-4351. [PMID: 37606641 PMCID: PMC10618645 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase Ib study defined the safety, MTD, and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of regorafenib combined with vincristine and irinotecan (VI). Secondary objectives were evaluation of antitumor activity and pharmacokinetics (PK) of regorafenib and irinotecan. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients aged 6 months to <18 years with relapsed/refractory solid malignancies [≥50% with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS)] received regorafenib (starting dose 72 mg/m2/day) concomitantly or sequentially with vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, and irinotecan 50 mg/m2 on days 1-5 (21-day cycle). Adverse events (AE) and tumor response were assessed. PK (regorafenib and irinotecan) were evaluated using a population PK model. RESULTS We enrolled 21 patients [median age, 10 years; 12, RMS; 5, Ewing sarcoma (EWS)]. The MTD/RP2D of regorafenib in the sequential schedule was 82 mg/m2. The concomitant dosing schedule was discontinued because of dose-limiting toxicities in 2 of 2 patients treated. Most common grade 3/4 (>30% of patients) AEs were neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. The overall response rate was 48% and disease control rate [complete response (CR)/partial response/stable disease/non-CR/non-progressive disease] was 86%. Median progression-free survival was 7.0 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.9-14.8] and median overall survival was 8.7 months (95% CI, 5.5-16.3). When combined with VI, regorafenib PK was similar to single-agent PK in children and adults (treated with regorafenib 160 mg/day). CONCLUSIONS Regorafenib can be combined sequentially with standard dose VI in pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory solid tumors with appropriate dose modifications. Clinical activity was observed in patients with RMS and EWS (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02085148).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Casanova
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francisco Bautista
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Guy Makin
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lynley V. Marshall
- Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology Drug Development Team, The Royal Marsden Hospital and The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arnauld C. Verschuur
- Department of Pediatric Haematology-Oncology, La Timone Children's Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Adela Cañete Nieto
- Unidad de Oncología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nadège Corradini
- Hematology and Oncology Pediatric Institute, Léon Bérard Center, Lyon, France
| | - Bart A. Ploeger
- Pharmacometrics/Modelling and Simulation, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Udo Mueller
- Department of Statistics, ClinStat GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hong Zebger-Gong
- Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - John W. Chung
- Clinical Development Oncology, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, New Jersey
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, INSERM U1015, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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5
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Hadjimichael AC, Pergaris A, Kaspiris A, Foukas AF, Kokkali S, Tsourouflis G, Theocharis S. The EPH/Ephrin System in Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas' Pathogenesis and Therapy: New Advancements and a Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095171. [PMID: 35563562 PMCID: PMC9100911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal sarcomas represent rare heterogenous malignancies of mesenchymal origin that can be divided in two distinct subtypes, bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Current treatment options combine the surgical excision of local tumors and multidrug chemotherapy to prevent metastatic widespread disease. Due to the grim prognosis that usually accompanies such tumors, researchers have attempted to shed light on the molecular pathways implicated in their pathogenesis in order to develop novel, innovative, personalized therapeutic strategies. Erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular receptors (EPHs) are tyrosine-kinase transmembrane receptors that, along with their ligands, ephrins, participate in both tumor-suppressive or tumor-promoting signaling pathways in bone and soft tissue sarcomas. The EPH/ephrin axis orchestrates cancerous processes such as cell–cell and cell–substrate adhesion and enhances the remodeling of the intracellular cytoskeleton to stimulate the motility and invasiveness of sarcoma cells. The purpose of our study was to review published PubMed literature to extract results from in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials indicative of the role of EPH/ephrin signaling in bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Based on these reports, significant interactions between the EPH/ephrin signaling pathway and a plethora of normal and abnormal cascades contribute to molecular mechanisms enhancing malignancy during sarcoma progression. In addition, EPHs and ephrins are prospective candidates for diagnostic, monitoring and therapeutic purposes in the clinical setting against bone and soft tissue sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyris C. Hadjimichael
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.C.H.); (A.P.); (S.K.); (G.T.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Alexandros Pergaris
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.C.H.); (A.P.); (S.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Angelos Kaspiris
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Athanasios F. Foukas
- Third Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, “KAT” General Hospital of Athens, Nikis 2, 14561 Kifissia, Greece;
| | - Stefania Kokkali
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.C.H.); (A.P.); (S.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Gerasimos Tsourouflis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.C.H.); (A.P.); (S.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.C.H.); (A.P.); (S.K.); (G.T.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Diverse roles of tumor-stromal PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling in breast cancer growth and metastasis. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 154:93-140. [PMID: 35459473 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last couple of decades, it has become increasingly apparent that the tumor microenvironment (TME) mediates every step of cancer progression and solid tumors are only able to metastasize with a permissive TME. This intricate interaction of cancer cells with their surrounding TME, or stroma, is becoming more understood with an ever greater knowledge of tumor-stromal signaling pairs such as platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) and their cognate receptors. We and others have focused our research efforts on understanding how tumor-derived PDGFB activates platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) signaling specifically in the breast cancer TME. In this chapter, we broadly discuss PDGF and PDGFR expression patterns and signaling in normal physiology and breast cancer. We then detail the expansive roles played by the PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling pathway in modulating breast tumor growth and metastasis with a focus on specific cellular populations within the TME, which are responsive to tumor-derived PDGFB. Given the increasingly appreciated importance of PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling in breast cancer progression, specifically in promoting metastasis, we end by discussing how therapeutic targeting of PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling holds great promise for improving current breast cancer treatment strategies.
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7
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Lymphatic Tissue Bioengineering for the Treatment of Postsurgical Lymphedema. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9040162. [PMID: 35447722 PMCID: PMC9025804 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lymphedema is characterized by progressive and chronic tissue swelling and inflammation from local accumulation of interstitial fluid due to lymphatic injury or dysfunction. It is a debilitating condition that significantly impacts a patient's quality of life, and has limited treatment options. With better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of lymphedema and advances in tissue engineering technologies, lymphatic tissue bioengineering and regeneration have emerged as a potential therapeutic option for postsurgical lymphedema. Various strategies involving stem cells, lymphangiogenic factors, bioengineered matrices and mechanical stimuli allow more precisely controlled regeneration of lymphatic tissue at the site of lymphedema without subjecting patients to complications or iatrogenic injuries associated with surgeries. This review provides an overview of current innovative approaches of lymphatic tissue bioengineering that represent a promising treatment option for postsurgical lymphedema.
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8
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Milton CI, Selfe J, Aladowicz E, Man SYK, Bernauer C, Missiaglia E, Walters ZS, Gatz SA, Kelsey A, Generali M, Box G, Valenti M, de Haven‐Brandon A, Galiwango D, Hayes A, Clarke M, Izquierdo E, Gonzalez De Castro D, Raynaud FI, Kirkin V, Shipley JM. FGF7-FGFR2 autocrine signaling increases growth and chemoresistance of fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcomas. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:1272-1289. [PMID: 34850536 PMCID: PMC8936514 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcomas are aggressive pediatric soft-tissue sarcomas and include high-risk PAX3-FOXO1 fusion-gene-positive cases. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is known to contribute to rhabdomyosarcoma progression; here, we sought to investigate the involvement and potential for therapeutic targeting of other FGFRs in this disease. Cell-based screening of FGFR inhibitors with potential for clinical repurposing (NVP-BGJ398, nintedanib, dovitinib, and ponatinib) revealed greater sensitivity of fusion-gene-positive versus fusion-gene-negative rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines and was shown to be correlated with high expression of FGFR2 and its specific ligand, FGF7. Furthermore, patient samples exhibit higher mRNA levels of FGFR2 and FGF7 in fusion-gene-positive versus fusion-gene-negative rhabdomyosarcomas. Sustained intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and FGF7 secretion into culture media during serum starvation of PAX3-FOXO1 rhabdomyosarcoma cells together with decreased cell viability after genetic silencing of FGFR2 or FGF7 was in keeping with a novel FGF7-FGFR2 autocrine loop. FGFR inhibition with NVP-BGJ398 reduced viability and was synergistic with SN38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. In vivo, NVP-BGJ398 abrogated xenograft growth and warrants further investigation in combination with irinotecan as a therapeutic strategy for fusion-gene-positive rhabdomyosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher I. Milton
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Present address:
Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology TeamCancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitThe Institute of Cancer ResearchSuttonUK
| | - Joanna Selfe
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Ewa Aladowicz
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Stella Y. K. Man
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Carolina Bernauer
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Edoardo Missiaglia
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Present address:
Department of Molecular PathologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Zoë S. Walters
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Present address:
Translational Epigenomics TeamHuman Development and HealthFaculty of MedicineSouthampton General HospitalUK
| | - Susanne A. Gatz
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Present address:
Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamUK
| | - Anna Kelsey
- Department of Paediatric HistopathologyManchester University NHS Foundation TrustRoyal Manchester Children’s HospitalUK
| | - Melanie Generali
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Present address:
Center for Therapy Development and Good Manufacturing PracticeInstitute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM)University of ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Gary Box
- Cancer Pharmacology and Stress Response TeamDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Melanie Valenti
- Cancer Pharmacology and Stress Response TeamDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Alexis de Haven‐Brandon
- Cancer Pharmacology and Stress Response TeamDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - David Galiwango
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics TeamDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Angela Hayes
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics TeamDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Matthew Clarke
- Glioma TeamDivision of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Elisa Izquierdo
- Glioma TeamDivision of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - David Gonzalez De Castro
- Molecular HaematologyDivision of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Present address:
School of MedicineDentistry and Biomedical sciencesQueens University BelfastUK
| | - Florence I. Raynaud
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics TeamDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Vladimir Kirkin
- Cancer Pharmacology and Stress Response TeamDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Janet M. Shipley
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
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9
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Zhao L, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Bai Y, Sun Y, Li Y. Primary Intracranial Leiomyosarcoma Secondary to Glioblastoma: Case Report and Literature Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:642683. [PMID: 34094927 PMCID: PMC8173044 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.642683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leiomyosarcoma is a highly malignant soft-tissue sarcoma with a poor prognosis. In recent years, treatment for leiomyosarcoma has not shown much progress. Primary intracranial leiomyosarcoma (PILMS) is a much rarer type of neoplasm, which occurs more frequently in immunocompromised patients. PILMS cases reported in the literature are scarce and treatment strategy and prognosis are still under debate. In this study, a case of PILMS secondary to the total resection of giant cell glioblastoma is reported. Case Description A 38-year-old male was hospitalized with a three-month history of a temporal opisthotic bump. His medical history included a total resection of a tumor located in the right temporal lobe performed 4 years earlier. Pathological examination led to a diagnosis of giant cell glioblastoma, and the patient underwent postoperative chemotherapy with temozolomide for 6 weeks plus simultaneous radiotherapy with 63.66 Gary. Four years later, during regular follow-up, a preoperative MRI brain scan resulted in a well-defined signal pointing out two nodule-like features located at the right temporal lobe and subcutaneous soft tissue, respectively, and near the area where the previous giant cell glioblastoma was located. The mass was completely removed by a transtemporal approach and postoperative pathology revealed that the mass was a leiomyosarcoma. The patient underwent postoperative radiotherapy and no recurrence occurred until now. Conclusions To date, research on soft-tissue sarcoma, especially PILMS, has not made much progress, and a limited number of studies have provided few details on the management of PILMS. The treatment of choice for PILMS is aggressive multimodal treatment based on total tumor resection and radiotherapy. Moreover, systemic treatment with chemotherapy and targeted therapy, such as olaratumab, as well as further research still needs to be performed as many questions are left unanswered. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a case of PILMS secondary to glioblastoma, which might serve as a potential reference for clinicians and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yining Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunqian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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10
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Strell C, Folkvaljon D, Holmberg E, Schiza A, Thurfjell V, Karlsson P, Bergh J, Bremer T, Akslen LA, Wärnberg F, Östman A. High PDGFRb Expression Predicts Resistance to Radiotherapy in DCIS within the SweDCIS Randomized Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3469-3477. [PMID: 33952629 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study analyzes the potential of stromal platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFRb) expression as biomarker for radiotherapy (RT) benefit on ipsilateral breast events (IBE) in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Improved identification of DCIS patients refractory to adjuvant whole-breast RT is needed. Predictive biomarker studies in DCIS have focused on tumor cell features rather than the tumor-associated stroma, despite growing evidence of its influence on therapy efficiency. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Samples from the Swedish randomized radiotherapy DCIS trial (SweDCIS) were subjected to IHC analysis for stromal PDGFRb expression. IBE incidence at 10 years after breast-conserving surgery was the primary endpoint. Interactions between marker and treatment were analyzed. RESULTS PDGFRb score was predictive for RT benefit with regard to IBE (P interaction = 0.002 and P interaction = 0.008 adjusted multivariably). Patients of the PDGFRblow group had a strong benefit from RT regarding IBE risk [HR, 0.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12-0.45; P < 0.001] with an absolute risk reduction of 21% (cumulative risk 7% vs. 28%) at 10 years. No significant risk reduction by RT was observed for patients of the PDGFRbhigh group (HR, 0.83; 0.51-1.34; P = 0.444; cumulative risk 22% vs. 25%). The RT response-predictive effect of stromal PDGFRb was equally strong in analyses for in situ and invasive IBE when analyzed separately (in situ IBE: P = 0.029; invasive IBE: P = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest high stromal PDGFRb expression as a novel biomarker identifying DCIS patients who are refractory to standard whole-breast adjuvant RT. The data imply previously unrecognized fibroblast-mediated modulation of radiosensitivity of DCIS, which should be further explored from mechanistic and targeting perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Strell
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dick Folkvaljon
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Holmberg
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aglaia Schiza
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Viktoria Thurfjell
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Karlsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergh
- Karolinska Institutet and Breast Cancer Section, Cancer Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lars A Akslen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fredrik Wärnberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arne Östman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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11
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Panagopoulou M, Karaglani M, Manolopoulos VG, Iliopoulos I, Tsamardinos I, Chatzaki E. Deciphering the Methylation Landscape in Breast Cancer: Diagnostic and Prognostic Biosignatures through Automated Machine Learning. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1677. [PMID: 33918195 PMCID: PMC8037759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays an important role in breast cancer (BrCa) pathogenesis and could contribute to driving its personalized management. We performed a complete bioinformatic analysis in BrCa whole methylome datasets, analyzed using the Illumina methylation 450 bead-chip array. Differential methylation analysis vs. clinical end-points resulted in 11,176 to 27,786 differentially methylated genes (DMGs). Innovative automated machine learning (AutoML) was employed to construct signatures with translational value. Three highly performing and low-feature-number signatures were built: (1) A 5-gene signature discriminating BrCa patients from healthy individuals (area under the curve (AUC): 0.994 (0.982-1.000)). (2) A 3-gene signature identifying BrCa metastatic disease (AUC: 0.986 (0.921-1.000)). (3) Six equivalent 5-gene signatures diagnosing early disease (AUC: 0.973 (0.920-1.000)). Validation in independent patient groups verified performance. Bioinformatic tools for functional analysis and protein interaction prediction were also employed. All protein encoding features included in the signatures were associated with BrCa-related pathways. Functional analysis of DMGs highlighted the regulation of transcription as the main biological process, the nucleus as the main cellular component and transcription factor activity and sequence-specific DNA binding as the main molecular functions. Overall, three high-performance diagnostic/prognostic signatures were built and are readily available for improving BrCa precision management upon prospective clinical validation. Revisiting archived methylomes through novel bioinformatic approaches revealed significant clarifying knowledge for the contribution of gene methylation events in breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Panagopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (M.P.); (M.K.); (V.G.M.)
| | - Makrina Karaglani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (M.P.); (M.K.); (V.G.M.)
| | - Vangelis G. Manolopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (M.P.); (M.K.); (V.G.M.)
| | - Ioannis Iliopoulos
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, GR-71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Tsamardinos
- JADBio, Gnosis Data Analysis PC, Science and Technology Park of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Department of Computer Science, University of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Chatzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (M.P.); (M.K.); (V.G.M.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, GR-71410 Heraklion, Greece
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12
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Zhang Y, Lei T, Tang C, Chen Y, Liao Y, Ju W, Zhang H, Zhou B, Liang R, Zhang T, Fan C, Chen X, Zhao Y, Xie Y, Ye J, Heng BC, Chen X, Hong Y, Shen W, Yin Z. 3D printing of chemical-empowered tendon stem/progenitor cells for functional tissue repair. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120722. [PMID: 33676234 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are the leading cause of chronic debilitation to patients. Tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) are potential seed cells for tendon tissue engineering and regeneration, but TSPCs are prone to lose their distinct phenotype in vitro and specific differentiation into the tenocyte lineage is challenging. Utilizing small molecules in an ex vivo culture system may be a promising solution and can significantly improve the therapeutic applications of these cells. Here, by using an image-based, high-throughput screening platform on small molecule libraries, this study established an effective stepwise culture strategy for TSPCs application. The study formulated a cocktail of small molecules which effected proliferation, tenogenesis initiation and maturation phases, and significantly upregulated expression of various tendon-related genes and proteins in TSPCs, which were demonstrated by high-throughput PCR, ScxGFP reporter assay and immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, by combining small molecule-based culture system with 3D printing technology, we embedded living, chemical-empowered TSPCs within a biocompatible hydrogel to engineer tendon grafts, and verified their enhanced ability in promoting functional tendon repair and regeneration both in vivo and in situ. The stepwise culture system for TSPCs and construction of engineered tendon grafts can not only serve as a platform for further studies of underlying molecular mechanisms of tenogenic differentiation, but also provide a new strategy for tissue engineering and development of novel therapeutics for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingyun Lei
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenqi Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangwu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youguo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ju
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renjie Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhao Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinchun Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zi Yin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.
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13
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Wan X, Zhou M, Huang F, Zhao N, Chen X, Wu Y, Zhu W, Ni Z, Jin F, Wang Y, Hu Z, Chen X, Ren M, Zhang H, Zha X. AKT1-CREB stimulation of PDGFRα expression is pivotal for PTEN deficient tumor development. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:172. [PMID: 33568640 PMCID: PMC7876135 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As evidenced by the behavior of loss-of-function mutants of PTEN in the context of a gain-of-function mutation of AKT1, the PTEN-AKT1 signaling pathway plays a critical role in human cancers. In this study, we demonstrated that a deficiency in PTEN or activation of AKT1 potentiated the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) based on studies on Pten-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts, human cancer cell lines, the hepatic tissues of Pten conditional knockout mice, and human cancer tissues. Loss of PTEN enhanced PDGFRα expression via activation of the AKT1-CREB signaling cascade. CREB transactivated PDGFRα expression by direct binding of the promoter of the PDGFRα gene. Depletion of PDGFRα attenuated the tumorigenicity of Pten-null cells in nude mice. Moreover, the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway has been shown to positively correlate with PDGFRα expression in multiple cancers. Augmented PDGFRα was associated with poor survival of cancer patients. Lastly, combination treatment with the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 and the PDGFR inhibitor CP-673451 displayed synergistic anti-tumor effects. Therefore, activation of the AKT1-CREB-PDGFRα signaling pathway contributes to the tumor growth induced by PTEN deficiency and should be targeted for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Laboratory, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuncui Wu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wanhui Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaofei Ni
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fuquan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yani Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xianguo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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D’Agostino S, Tombolan L, Saggioro M, Frasson C, Rampazzo E, Pellegrini S, Favaretto F, Biz C, Ruggieri P, Gamba P, Bonvini P, Aveic S, Giovannoni R, Pozzobon M. Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells Produce Their Own Extracellular Matrix With Minimal Involvement of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: A Preliminary Study. Front Oncol 2021; 10:600980. [PMID: 33585217 PMCID: PMC7878542 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.600980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between neoplastic cells and surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the determinant elements for cancer growth. The remodeling of the ECM by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) shapes tumor microenvironment by depositing and digesting ECM proteins, hence promoting tumor growth and invasion. While for epithelial tumors CAFs are well characterized, little is known about the stroma composition of mesenchymal cancers, such as in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma during childhood and adolescence. The aim of this work is to identify the importance of CAFs in specifying RMS microenvironment and the role of these stromal cells in RMS growth. METHODS We assessed in two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) systems the attraction between RMS cells and fibroblasts using epithelial colon cancer cell line as control. CAFs were studied in a xenogeneic mouse model of both tumor types and characterized in terms of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), mouse PDGFR expression, metalloproteases activation, and ECM gene and protein expression profiling. RESULTS In 2D model, the rate of interaction between stromal and malignant cells was significantly lower in RMS with respect to colon cancer. Particularly, in 3D system, RMS spheroids tended to dismantle the compact aggregate when grown on the layer of stromal cells. In vivo, despite the well-formed tumor mass, murine CAFs were found in low percentage in RMS xenogeneic samples. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the evidence that, differently from epithelial cancers, RMS cells are directly involved in their own ECM remodeling, and less dependent on CAFs support for cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania D’Agostino
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Tombolan
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Pediatric Solid Tumors Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Saggioro
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Frasson
- Onco-Hematology Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Rampazzo
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Brain Tumors Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Pellegrini
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Favaretto
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Biz
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, Orthopedic Clinic, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Ruggieri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, Orthopedic Clinic, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Gamba
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonvini
- Pediatric Solid Tumors Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Sanja Aveic
- Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Michela Pozzobon
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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15
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Mascarenhas L, Ogawa C, Laetsch TW, Weigel BJ, Bishop MW, Krystal J, Borinstein SC, Slotkin EK, Muscal JA, Hingorani P, Levy DE, Mo G, Shahir A, Wright J, DuBois SG. Phase 1 trial of olaratumab monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy in pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory solid and central nervous system tumors. Cancer Med 2021; 10:843-856. [PMID: 33474828 PMCID: PMC7897905 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Olaratumab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) and blocks receptor activation. We conducted a phase 1 trial to evaluate the safety of olaratumab and determine a recommended dose in combination with three different chemotherapy regimens in children. Patients <18 years with relapsed/refractory solid or central nervous system tumors were enrolled to two dose levels of olaratumab. Patients received olaratumab monotherapy at 15 mg/kg (Part A) or 20 mg/kg (Part B) on Days 1 and 8 of the first 21-day cycle, followed by olaratumab combined with standard fixed doses of chemotherapy with doxorubicin, vincristine/irinotecan, or high-dose ifosfamide by investigator choice for subsequent 21-day cycles. In Part C, patients received olaratumab 20 mg/kg plus assigned chemotherapy for all cycles. Parts A-C enrolled 68 patients across three chemotherapy treatment arms; olaratumab in combination with doxorubicin (N = 16), vincristine/irinotecan (N = 26), or ifosfamide (N = 26). Three dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) occurred during olaratumab monotherapy (at 15 mg/kg, grade [G] 4 alanine aminotransferase [ALT]; at 20 mg/kg, G3 lung infection and G3 gamma-glutamyl transferase). One DLT occurred during vincristine/irinotecan with olaratumab 20 mg/kg therapy (G3 ALT). Treatment-emergent adverse events ≥G3 in >25% of patients included neutropenia, anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Pharmacokinetic profiles of olaratumab with chemotherapy were within the projected range based on adult data. There was one complete response (rhabdomyosarcoma [Part B vincristine/irinotecan arm]) and three partial responses (two rhabdomyosarcoma [Part A doxorubicin arm and Part C doxorubicin arm]; one pineoblastoma [Part B vincristine/irinotecan arm]). Olaratumab was tolerable and safely administered in combination with chemotherapy regimens commonly used in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Mascarenhas
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chitose Ogawa
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Theodore W Laetsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Pauline Allen Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brenda J Weigel
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael W Bishop
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Julie Krystal
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Scott C Borinstein
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jodi A Muscal
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pooja Hingorani
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donna E Levy
- Biostatistics and Biometrics Division, Syneos Health, Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Gary Mo
- PK/PD and Pharmacometrics Division, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ashwin Shahir
- Oncology Division, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jennifer Wright
- Oncology Division, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Steven G DuBois
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Meng Q, Luo X, Chen J, Wang D, Chen E, Zhang W, Zhang G, Zhou W, Xu J, Song Z. Unmasking carcinoma-associated fibroblasts: Key transformation player within the tumor microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Grünewald TGP, Alonso M, Avnet S, Banito A, Burdach S, Cidre‐Aranaz F, Di Pompo G, Distel M, Dorado‐Garcia H, Garcia‐Castro J, González‐González L, Grigoriadis AE, Kasan M, Koelsche C, Krumbholz M, Lecanda F, Lemma S, Longo DL, Madrigal‐Esquivel C, Morales‐Molina Á, Musa J, Ohmura S, Ory B, Pereira‐Silva M, Perut F, Rodriguez R, Seeling C, Al Shaaili N, Shaabani S, Shiavone K, Sinha S, Tomazou EM, Trautmann M, Vela M, Versleijen‐Jonkers YMH, Visgauss J, Zalacain M, Schober SJ, Lissat A, English WR, Baldini N, Heymann D. Sarcoma treatment in the era of molecular medicine. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11131. [PMID: 33047515 PMCID: PMC7645378 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are heterogeneous and clinically challenging soft tissue and bone cancers. Although constituting only 1% of all human malignancies, sarcomas represent the second most common type of solid tumors in children and adolescents and comprise an important group of secondary malignancies. More than 100 histological subtypes have been characterized to date, and many more are being discovered due to molecular profiling. Owing to their mostly aggressive biological behavior, relative rarity, and occurrence at virtually every anatomical site, many sarcoma subtypes are in particular difficult-to-treat categories. Current multimodal treatment concepts combine surgery, polychemotherapy (with/without local hyperthermia), irradiation, immunotherapy, and/or targeted therapeutics. Recent scientific advancements have enabled a more precise molecular characterization of sarcoma subtypes and revealed novel therapeutic targets and prognostic/predictive biomarkers. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the molecular biology of sarcomas and their effects on clinical oncology; it is meant for a broad readership ranging from novices to experts in the field of sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas GP Grünewald
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- Institute of PathologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Marta Alonso
- Program in Solid Tumors and BiomarkersFoundation for the Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of Navarra PamplonaPamplonaSpain
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Ana Banito
- Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Research GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Stefan Burdach
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center (CCRC)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Florencia Cidre‐Aranaz
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Gemma Di Pompo
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Merve Kasan
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | | | | | - Fernando Lecanda
- Division of OncologyAdhesion and Metastasis LaboratoryCenter for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Silvia Lemma
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Dario L Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)Italian National Research Council (CNR)TurinItaly
| | | | | | - Julian Musa
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Shunya Ohmura
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | | | - Miguel Pereira‐Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Francesca Perut
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Rene Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de AsturiasOviedoSpain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | | | - Nada Al Shaaili
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Shabnam Shaabani
- Department of Drug DesignUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Kristina Shiavone
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Snehadri Sinha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Marcel Trautmann
- Division of Translational PathologyGerhard‐Domagk‐Institute of PathologyMünster University HospitalMünsterGermany
| | - Maria Vela
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ)MadridSpain
| | | | | | - Marta Zalacain
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)Italian National Research Council (CNR)TurinItaly
| | - Sebastian J Schober
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center (CCRC)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Andrej Lissat
- University Children′s Hospital Zurich – Eleonoren FoundationKanton ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - William R English
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Université de NantesInstitut de Cancérologie de l'OuestTumor Heterogeneity and Precision MedicineSaint‐HerblainFrance
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18
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Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive childhood mesenchymal tumor with two major molecular and histopathologic subtypes: fusion-positive (FP)RMS, characterized by the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion protein and largely of alveolar histology, and fusion-negative (FN)RMS, the majority of which exhibit embryonal tumor histology. Metastatic disease continues to be associated with poor overall survival despite intensive treatment strategies. Studies on RMS biology have provided some insight into autocrine as well as paracrine signaling pathways that contribute to invasion and metastatic propensity. Such pathways include those driven by the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion oncoprotein in FPRMS and signaling pathways such as IGF/RAS/MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, cMET, FGFR4, and PDGFR in both FP and FNRMS. In addition, specific cytoskeletal proteins, G protein coupled receptors, Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt, Hippo, and p53 pathways play a role, as do specific microRNA. Paracrine factors, including secreted proteins and RMS-derived exosomes that carry cargo of protein and miRNA, have also recently emerged as potentially important players in RMS biology. This review summarizes the known factors contributing to RMS invasion and metastasis and their implications on identifying targets for treatment and a better understanding of metastatic RMS.
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19
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Strell C, Paulsson J, Jin SB, Tobin NP, Mezheyeuski A, Roswall P, Mutgan C, Mitsios N, Johansson H, Wickberg SM, Svedlund J, Nilsson M, Hall P, Mulder J, Radisky DC, Pietras K, Bergh J, Lendahl U, Wärnberg F, Östman A. Impact of Epithelial-Stromal Interactions on Peritumoral Fibroblasts in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:983-995. [PMID: 30816935 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better definition of biomarkers and biological processes related to local recurrence and disease progression is highly warranted for ductal breast carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Stromal-epithelial interactions are likely of major importance for the biological, clinical, and pathological distinctions between high- and low-risk DCIS cases. METHODS Stromal platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) was immunohistochemically assessed in two DCIS patient cohorts (n = 458 and n = 80). Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the hazard ratios of recurrence. The molecular mechanisms regulating stromal PDGFR expression were investigated in experimental in vitro co-culture systems of DCIS cells and fibroblasts and analyzed using immunoblot and quantitative real-time PCR. Knock-out of JAG1 in DCIS cells and NOTCH2 in fibroblasts was obtained through CRISPR/Cas9. Experimental data were validated by mammary fat pad injection of DCIS and DCIS-JAG1 knock-out cells (10 mice per group). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS PDGFRα(low)/PDGFRβ(high) fibroblasts were associated with increased risk for recurrence in DCIS (univariate hazard ratio = 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02 to 2.46; P = .04 Wald test; multivariable hazard ratio = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.97; P = .03). Tissue culture and mouse model studies indicated that this fibroblast phenotype is induced by DCIS cells in a cell contact-dependent manner. Epithelial Jagged1 and fibroblast Notch2 were identified through loss-of-function studies as key juxtacrine signaling components driving the formation of the poor prognosis-associated fibroblast phenotype. CONCLUSIONS A PDGFRα(low)/PDGFRβ(high) fibroblast subset was identified as a marker for high-risk DCIS. The Jagged-1/Notch2/PDGFR stroma-epithelial pathway was described as a novel signaling mechanism regulating this poor prognosis-associated fibroblast subset. In general terms, the study highlights epithelial-stromal crosstalk in DCIS and contributes to ongoing efforts to define clinically relevant fibroblast subsets and their etiology.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/mortality
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Cell Communication
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques
- Computational Biology/methods
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
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20
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Li W, Feng C, Di W, Hong S, Chen H, Ejaz M, Yang Y, Xu TR. Clinical use of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112482. [PMID: 32492594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been increased incidences of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is refractory to conventional chemotherapy. Owing to the insensitivity to traditional therapy, targeted therapy becomes a possible alternative strategy. Over the past decade, the development of targeted treatments for metastatic RCC has advanced considerably. Several studies have shown that the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway is an important mediator for the occurrence and development of RCC, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) have been considered optimal therapeutic options for RCC. Six small molecules that inhibit VEGFR1/2/3, namely, sunitinib, sorafenib, axitinib, pazopanib, cabozantinib, and lenvatinib, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of RCC. Additionally, clinical trials assessing seven TKIs that target VEGFRs are currently in progress. To some extent, these drugs improve quality of life and prolong the survival of patients. This paper presents a review of the systemic targeted therapies against VEGFRs that have been approved so far or are undergoing trials as treatments for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Chengguan Feng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, PR China; Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Weihong Di
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Shanwen Hong
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, PR China; Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Mubashir Ejaz
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, PR China.
| | - Tian-Rui Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, PR China.
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21
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Wang Z, Zhang S, Yang H, Zhuang R, Guo X, Tong H, Zhang Y, Lu W, Zhou Y. Efficacy and safety of anlotinib, a multikinase angiogenesis inhibitor, in combination with epirubicin in preclinical models of soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3344-3352. [PMID: 32181596 PMCID: PMC7221313 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anlotinib is a novel, orally administered, multitarget receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It functions by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and proliferative signaling pathways. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib plus epirubicin in a sarcoma patient-derived xenografts (PDX) model. METHODS We firstly established a PDX model using fresh tumor tissues that were surgically removed from a patient diagnosed with malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Thirty-six PDX models were divided into six groups and treated with anlotinib alone (low-dose, 1.5 or high-dose, 3.0 mg/kg/day, oral gavage), or with anlotinib plus epirubicin (3.0 mg/kg/once weekly, i.p.) when the tumors grew to 150-200 mm3 . After 5 weeks of treatment, the mice were sacrificed, and the tumors were measured by weight and processed for IHC and H&E staining. IHC staining was performed to detect CD31, EGFR, MVD, and Ki-67 on paraffin sections. H&E stainings were performed to examine the microcosmic changes that occurred in the tumor tissues and myocardium, respectively. RESULTS After 5 weeks, treatment with anlotinib or epirubicin alone significantly inhibited tumor growth in the sarcoma PDX model compared with the vehicle control. Tumor volume in the high-dose anlotinib group was significantly smaller than the low-dose anlotinib group (P < .001). Combined high-dose anlotinib and epirubicin treatment resulted in the most pronounced tumor inhibition. In the groups treated with the anlotinib-containing regimen, the expression levels of CD31, EGFR, MVD, and Ki-67 were significantly low. The weight in each group had no statistical differences; the same applied to the hepatic function, cardiac function, and toxicity. CONCLUSIONS High-dose anlotinib combined with epirubicin was an effective and safe therapy for STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Ming Wang
- Department of Medical OncologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Xiamen BranchZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Shi‐Long Zhang
- Minhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Minhang HospitalFudan UniversityInstitute of Fudan‐Minhang Academic Health SystemShanghaiChina
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterZhongshan Hospital (South Branch)Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Rong‐Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Medical OncologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xi Guo
- Department of Medical OncologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Han‐Xing Tong
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterZhongshan Hospital (South Branch)Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of General SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterZhongshan Hospital (South Branch)Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of General SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei‐Qi Lu
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterZhongshan Hospital (South Branch)Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of General SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu‐Hong Zhou
- Department of Medical OncologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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22
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Muñoz-Galván S, Rivero M, Peinado-Serrano J, Martinez-Pérez J, Fernández-Fernández MC, José Ortiz M, García-Heredia JM, Carnero A. PAI1 is a Marker of Bad Prognosis in Rectal Cancer but Predicts a Better Response to Treatment with PIM Inhibitor AZD1208. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051071. [PMID: 32344898 PMCID: PMC7291071 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. The standard treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer is preoperative radiation alone or in combination with chemotherapy, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Rectal cancer is highly lethal, with only 20% of patients showing a complete remission (by RECIST) after standard treatment, although they commonly show local or systemic relapse likely due to its late detection and high chemotherapy resistance, among other reasons. Here, we explored the role of PAI1 (Serpin E1) in rectal cancer through the analyses of public patient databases, our own cohort of locally advanced rectal cancer patients and a panel of CRC cell lines. We showed that PAI1 expression is upregulated in rectal tumors, which is associated with decreased overall survival and increased metastasis and invasion in advanced rectal tumors. Accordingly, PAI1 expression is correlated with the expression of (Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition) EMT-associated genes and genes encoding drug targets, including the tyrosine kinases PDGFRb, PDGFRa and FYN, the serine/threonine kinase PIM1 and BRAF. In addition, we demonstrate that cells expressing PAI1 protein are more sensitive to the PIM inhibitor AZD1208, suggesting that PAI1 could be used to predict response to treatment with PIM inhibitors and to complement radiotherapy in rectal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Muñoz-Galván
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (S.M.-G.); (M.R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.M.-P.); (J.M.G.-H.)
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Rivero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (S.M.-G.); (M.R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.M.-P.); (J.M.G.-H.)
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Peinado-Serrano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (S.M.-G.); (M.R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.M.-P.); (J.M.G.-H.)
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, HUVR, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.C.F.-F.); (M.J.O.)
| | - Julia Martinez-Pérez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (S.M.-G.); (M.R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.M.-P.); (J.M.G.-H.)
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, HUVR, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | | | - María José Ortiz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, HUVR, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.C.F.-F.); (M.J.O.)
| | - José M. García-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (S.M.-G.); (M.R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.M.-P.); (J.M.G.-H.)
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (S.M.-G.); (M.R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.M.-P.); (J.M.G.-H.)
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34955923110
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Saggioro M, D'Angelo E, Bisogno G, Agostini M, Pozzobon M. Carcinoma and Sarcoma Microenvironment at a Glance: Where We Are. Front Oncol 2020; 10:76. [PMID: 32195166 PMCID: PMC7063801 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components represent the multifaceted and dynamic environment that distinguishes each organ. Cancer is characterized by the dysregulation of the composition and structure of the tissues, giving rise to the tumor milieu. In this review, we focus on the microenvironmental analysis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), two different solid tumors. While a lot is known about CRC environment, for RMS, this aspect is mostly unexplored. Following the example of the more complete CRC microenvironmental characterization, we collected and organized data on RMS for a better awareness of how tissue remodeling affects disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Saggioro
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo D'Angelo
- First Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,NanoInspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria-CORIS, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Bisogno
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- First Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,NanoInspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria-CORIS, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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24
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Fibroblasts in urothelial bladder cancer define stroma phenotypes that are associated with clinical outcome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:281. [PMID: 31937798 PMCID: PMC6959241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Little attention was given to the interaction between tumor and stromal cells in urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC). While recent studies point towards the existence of different fibroblast subsets, no comprehensive analyses linking different fibroblast markers to UBC patient survival have been performed so far. Through immunohistochemical analysis of five selected fibroblast markers, namely alpha smooth muscle actin (ASMA), CD90/Thy-1, fibroblast activation protein (FAP), platelet derived growth factor receptor-alpha and -beta (PDGFRa,-b), this study investigates their association with survival and histopathological characteristics in a cohort of 344 UBC patients, involving both, muscle-invasive and non-muscle-invasive cases. The data indicates that combinations of stromal markers are more suited to identify prognostic patient subgroups than single marker analysis. Refined stroma-marker-based patient stratification was achieved through cluster analysis and identified a FAP-dominant patient cluster as independent marker for shorter 5-year-survival (HR(95% CI)2.25(1.08–4.67), p = 0.030). Analyses of interactions between fibroblast and CD8a-status identified a potential minority of cases with CD90-defined stroma and high CD8a infiltration showing a good prognosis of more than 80% 5-year-survival. Presented analyses point towards the existence of different stroma-cell subgroups with distinct tumor-modulatory properties and motivate further studies aiming to better understand the molecular tumor–stroma crosstalk in UBC.
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25
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Yoo B, Meka N, Sheedy P, Billig AM, Pantazopoulos P, Medarova Z. MicroRNA-710 regulates multiple pathways of carcinogenesis in murine metastatic breast cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226356. [PMID: 31834924 PMCID: PMC6910689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research has shown that critical differences between non-metastatic and metastatic tumor cells are at the level of microRNA. Consequently, harnessing these molecules for the treatment of metastatic cancer could have significant clinical impact. In the present study, we set out to identify metastasis-specific microRNAs which drive metastatic colonization of distant organs. Using a murine model of metastatic breast cancer, we employed a directed approach in which we screened for microRNAs that are differentially expressed between the primary tumors and metastatic lesions but concordantly expressed in all of the metastatic lesions irrespective of the tissue that is colonized. Of the identified targets, we focused on miR-710, which was consistently and significantly downregulated in the metastatic lesions relative to the primary tumors. The level of downregulation was independent of the distant organ that is involved, suggesting that miR-710 plays a fundamental role in metastatic colonization. Computational target prediction suggested a pleiotropic role for miR-710 in apoptosis, migration and invasion, and stemness. Using a previously validated oligonucleotide delivery system, we introduced miR-710 mimics into 4T1 metastatic breast adenocarcinoma cells and assessed the resultant phenotypic effects. We demonstrated significant inhibition of cell viability, migration, and invasion. We also showed that the treatment profoundly enhanced cell senescence, reduced stemness, and influenced markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, as evidenced by enhanced E-cadherin and reduced vimentin expression. This knowledge represents a first step towards harnessing a similar approach to discover novel microRNA targets with therapeutic potential in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byunghee Yoo
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BY); (ZM)
| | - Nikhil Meka
- College of Arts and Science, New York University, NY, United States of America
| | - Patrick Sheedy
- Department of Health Sciences, CaNCURE Program, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Ann-Marie Billig
- Department of Health Sciences, CaNCURE Program, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Pamela Pantazopoulos
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Zdravka Medarova
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BY); (ZM)
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26
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The Tumor Microenvironment of Pediatric Sarcoma: Mesenchymal Mechanisms Regulating Cell Migration and Metastasis. Curr Oncol Rep 2019; 21:90. [PMID: 31418125 PMCID: PMC6695368 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-019-0839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review presents a selection of regulatory molecules of tumor microenvironmental properties and metastasis. Signaling pathways controlling mesenchymal biology in bone and soft-tissue sarcomas found in children and adolescents are prioritized. RECENT FINDINGS The tumor microenvironment of pediatric tumors is still relatively unexplored. Highlighted findings are mainly on deregulated genes associated with cell adhesion, migration, and tumor cell dissemination. How these processes are involved in a mesenchymal phenotype and metastasis is further discussed in relation to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in epithelial tumors. Cell plasticity is emerging as a concept with impact on tumor behavior. Sarcomas belong to a heterogeneous group of tumors where local recurrence and tumor spread pose major challenges despite intense multimodal treatments. Molecular pathways involved in the metastatic process are currently being characterized, and tumor-regulatory properties of structural components, and infiltrating, non-malignant cell types should be further investigated.
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27
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van Erp AEM, Versleijen-Jonkers YMH, van der Graaf WTA, Fleuren EDG. Targeted Therapy-based Combination Treatment in Rhabdomyosarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 17:1365-1380. [PMID: 29967215 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies have revolutionized cancer treatment; however, progress lags behind in alveolar (ARMS) and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS), a soft-tissue sarcoma mainly occurring at pediatric and young adult age. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R)-directed targeted therapy is one of the few single-agent treatments with clinical activity in these diseases. However, clinical effects only occur in a small subset of patients and are often of short duration due to treatment resistance. Rational selection of combination treatments of either multiple targeted therapies or targeted therapies with chemotherapy could hypothetically circumvent treatment resistance mechanisms and enhance clinical efficacy. Simultaneous targeting of distinct mechanisms might be of particular interest in this regard, as this affects multiple hallmarks of cancer at once. To determine the most promising and clinically relevant targeted therapy-based combination treatments for ARMS and ERMS, we provide an extensive overview of preclinical and (early) clinical data concerning a variety of targeted therapy-based combination treatments. We concentrated on the most common classes of targeted therapies investigated in rhabdomyosarcoma to date, including those directed against receptor tyrosine kinases and associated downstream signaling pathways, the Hedgehog signaling pathway, apoptosis pathway, DNA damage response, cell-cycle regulators, oncogenic fusion proteins, and epigenetic modifiers. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(7); 1365-80. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke E M van Erp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Winette T A van der Graaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. .,The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Clinical Studies, Clinical and Translational Sarcoma Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Emmy D G Fleuren
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Clinical Studies, Clinical and Translational Sarcoma Research, Sutton, United Kingdom.
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28
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Higuchi T, Sugisawa N, Miyake K, Oshiro H, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Igarashi K, Bouvet M, Singh SR, Tsuchiya H, Hoffman RM. The Combination of Olaratumab with Doxorubicin and Cisplatinum Regresses a Chemotherapy-Resistant Osteosarcoma in a Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft Mouse Model. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1257-1263. [PMID: 31299622 PMCID: PMC6624322 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-resistant osteosarcoma is a recalcitrant disease. It is a frequent cause of death to the patients who are usually adolescent or young adults. The goal of the present study was to determine the efficacy of the combination of olaratumab (OLA), doxorubicin (DOX), and cisplatinum (CDDP) on osteosarcoma, which is resistant to first-line therapy, in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. The osteosarcoma PDOX model was randomized into six treatment groups of six mice: control; CDDP alone; DOX and CDDP; OLA + DOX; OLA + CDDP; and OLA + DOX and CDDP. Tumor size and body weight were measured during 14 days of treatment. Tumor growth was regressed only by the treatment with a combination of OLA + DOX and CDDP. Tumors treated with this three-drug combination had the most tumor necrosis and the lowest Ki-67 index. The present study demonstrates the power of the PDOX model to identify novel effective treatment strategy for chemotherapy-resistant osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sugisawa
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Carmagnani Pestana R, Groisberg R, Roszik J, Subbiah V. Precision Oncology in Sarcomas: Divide and Conquer. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:PO.18.00247. [PMID: 32914012 PMCID: PMC7446356 DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies that exhibit remarkable heterogeneity, with more than 50 subtypes recognized. Advances in next-generation sequencing technology have resulted in the discovery of genetic events in these mesenchymal tumors, which in addition to enhancing understanding of the biology, have opened up avenues for molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy. This review focuses on how incorporation of next-generation sequencing has affected drug development in sarcomas and strategies for optimizing precision oncology for these rare cancers. In a significant percentage of soft tissue sarcomas, which represent up to 40% of all sarcomas, specific driver molecular abnormalities have been identified. The challenge to evaluate these mutations across rare cancer subtypes requires the careful characterization of these genetic alterations to further define compelling drivers with therapeutic implications. Novel models of clinical trial design also are needed. This shift would entail sustained efforts by the sarcoma community to move from one-size-fits-all trials, in which all sarcomas are treated similarly, to divide-and-conquer subtype-specific strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Groisberg
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jason Roszik
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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30
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The combination of olaratumab with gemcitabine and docetaxel arrests a chemotherapy-resistant undifferentiated soft-tissue sarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 83:1075-1082. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Olaratumab combined with doxorubicin and ifosfamide overcomes individual doxorubicin and olaratumab resistance of an undifferentiated soft-tissue sarcoma in a PDOX mouse model. Cancer Lett 2019; 451:122-127. [PMID: 30867142 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Olaratumab (OLA), a monoclonal antibody against platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), has recently been used against soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) combined with doxorubicin (DOX), with limited efficacy. The goal of the present study was to determine the efficacy of OLA in combination with DOX and ifosfamide (IFO) on STS. Undifferentiated soft-tissue sarcoma (USTS) from a striated muscle of a patient was grown orthotopically in the right biceps femoris muscle of nude mice to establish USTS patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. USTS PDOX tumors were treated with OLA alone, DOX alone, DOX combined with IFO, OLA combined with DOX or IFO, and OLA combined with DOX and IFO. Tumor size and body weight were measured during the 14 days of treatment. Tumor growth was arrested by OLA combined with DOX and IFO. Tumors treated with OLA combined with DOX and IFO had the most necrosis. The present study demonstrates the power of the PDOX model to identify the novel effective treatment strategy of the combination of OLA, DOX and IFO for soft-tissue sarcomas.
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Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and represents a high-grade neoplasm of skeletal myoblast-like cells. Decades of clinical and basic research have gradually improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of RMS and helped to optimize clinical care. The two major subtypes of RMS, originally characterized on the basis of light microscopic features, are driven by fundamentally different molecular mechanisms and pose distinct clinical challenges. Curative therapy depends on control of the primary tumour, which can arise at many distinct anatomical sites, as well as controlling disseminated disease that is known or assumed to be present in every case. Sophisticated risk stratification for children with RMS incorporates various clinical, pathological and molecular features, and that information is used to guide the application of multifaceted therapy. Such therapy has historically included cytotoxic chemotherapy as well as surgery, ionizing radiation or both. This Primer describes our current understanding of RMS epidemiology, disease susceptibility factors, disease mechanisms and elements of clinical care, including diagnostics, risk-based care of newly diagnosed and relapsed disease and the prevention and management of late effects in survivors. We also outline potential opportunities to further translate new biological insights into improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen X Skapek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Abha A Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erin Butler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Janet Shipley
- Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Belmont, UK
| | - Frederic G Barr
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas S Hawkins
- Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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33
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Kinjo T, Sun C, Ikeda T, Ikegami T, Tada Y, Akagi T, Yokota T, Koide H. Platelet-derived growth factor-C functions as a growth factor in mouse embryonic stem cells and human fibrosarcoma cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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34
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Hu G, Xu F, Zhong K, Wang S, Huang L, Chen W. Activated Tumor-infiltrating Fibroblasts Predict Worse Prognosis in Breast Cancer Patients. J Cancer 2018; 9:3736-3742. [PMID: 30405845 PMCID: PMC6216016 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Activated tumor-infiltrating fibroblasts were significantly associated with survival of cancer patients. However, they are heterogeneous population, and the prognostic role of these cells in human breast cancer still remains controversial. Herein, we performed the meta-analysis to better understand the role of these cells in prognosis prediction for breast cancer patients. Methods: We searched PubMed and EBSCO to identify the studies evaluating the association of intratumoral activated fibroblast density detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) method and overall survival (OS) and/or disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer patients, then computed extracted data into hazard ratios (HRs) for OS, DFS and clinicopathological features such as lymph node metastasis, TNM stage with STATA 12.0. Results: A total of 3680 patients with breast cancer from 15 published studies were incorporated into this meta-analysis. We found that the infiltration of activated fibroblasts significantly decreased overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients. In stratified analyses, high density of FSP-1+ or podoplanin+ fibroblasts was significantly associated with worse OS; while α-SMA+ or podoplanin+ fibroblast infiltration was associated with worse DFS in breast cancer. In addition, elevated number of activated tumor-infiltrating fibroblasts significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor tumor differentiation of patients. Conclusion: The infiltration of activated fibroblasts, especially the FSP-1+ or podoplanin+ fibroblasts leads to worse clinical outcome in breast cancer patients, implicating that it is a valuable prognostic biomarker and targeting it may have a potential for effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Hu
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kefang Zhong
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shimin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shaoxing People's Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liming Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 312000, Zhejiang, China
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35
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Abstract
Codon usage depends on mutation bias, tRNA-mediated selection, and the need for high efficiency and accuracy in translation. One codon in a synonymous codon family is often strongly over-used, especially in highly expressed genes, which often leads to a high dN/dS ratio because dS is very small. Many different codon usage indices have been proposed to measure codon usage and codon adaptation. Sense codon could be misread by release factors and stop codons misread by tRNAs, which also contribute to codon usage in rare cases. This chapter outlines the conceptual framework on codon evolution, illustrates codon-specific and gene-specific codon usage indices, and presents their applications. A new index for codon adaptation that accounts for background mutation bias (Index of Translation Elongation) is presented and contrasted with codon adaptation index (CAI) which does not consider background mutation bias. They are used to re-analyze data from a recent paper claiming that translation elongation efficiency matters little in protein production. The reanalysis disproves the claim.
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36
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Chi Y, Fang Z, Hong X, Yao Y, Sun P, Wang G, Du F, Sun Y, Wu Q, Qu G, Wang S, Song J, Yu J, Lu Y, Zhu X, Niu X, He Z, Wang J, Yu H, Cai J. Safety and Efficacy of Anlotinib, a Multikinase Angiogenesis Inhibitor, in Patients with Refractory Metastatic Soft-Tissue Sarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5233-5238. [PMID: 29895706 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihebali Chi
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Hong
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yao
- Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Guowen Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), the VIPII Gastrointestinal Cancer Division of Medical Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yongkun Sun
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- The first Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Guofan Qu
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Song
- Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianchun Yu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongkui Lu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Zhiyong He
- Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinwan Wang
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yu
- School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianqiang Cai
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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37
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Nakano K, Takahashi S. Current Molecular Targeted Therapies for Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E739. [PMID: 29510588 PMCID: PMC5877600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic treatment options for bone and soft tissue sarcomas remained unchanged until the 2000s. These cancers presented challenges in new drug development partly because of their rarity and heterogeneity. Many new molecular targeting drugs have been tried in the 2010s, and some were approved for bone and soft tissue sarcoma. As one of the first molecular targeted drugs approved for solid malignant tumors, imatinib's approval as a treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) has been a great achievement. Following imatinib, other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been approved for GISTs such as sunitinib and regorafenib, and pazopanib was approved for non-GIST soft tissue sarcomas. Olaratumab, the monoclonal antibody that targets platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α, was shown to extend the overall survival of soft tissue sarcoma patients and was approved in 2016 in the U.S. as a breakthrough therapy. For bone tumors, new drugs are limited to denosumab, a receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) inhibitor, for treating giant cell tumors of bone. In this review, we explain and summarize the current molecular targeting therapies approved and in development for bone and soft tissue sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nakano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Shunji Takahashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
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38
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Moroncini G, Maccaroni E, Fiordoliva I, Pellei C, Gabrielli A, Berardi R. Developments in the management of advanced soft-tissue sarcoma - olaratumab in context. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:833-842. [PMID: 29497315 PMCID: PMC5820470 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s127609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lartruvo® (olaratumab) is a fully human immunoglobulin G subclass 1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody that inhibits platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα). The antitumor activity of olaratumab has been tested in vitro and in vivo, and inhibition of tumor growth has been observed in cancer cell lines, including glioblastoma and leiomyosarcoma cells. It represents the first-in-class antibody to be approved by regulatory authorities for the treatment of advanced soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) in combination with doxorubicin, based on the results of the Phase Ib/II trial by Tap et al. The median progression-free survival (PFS), which was the primary end point of the study, was improved for patients treated with olaratumab plus doxorubicin compared to those treated with doxorubicin monotherapy (6.6 vs 4.1 months, respectively; HR 0.672, 95% CI 0.442-1.021, p=0.0615). Moreover, final analysis of overall survival (OS) showed a median OS of 26.5 months with olaratumab plus doxorubicin vs 14.7 months with doxorubicin, with a gain of 11.8 months (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30-0.71, p=0.0003). In October 2016, olaratumab was admitted in the Accelerated Approval Program by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in combination with doxorubicin for the treatment of adult patients with STSs. In November 2016, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) granted conditional approval for olaratumab in the same indication under its Accelerated Assessment Program. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized Phase III study (ANNOUNCE trial, NCT02451943) is being performed in order to confirm the survival advantage of olaratumab and to provide definitive drug confirmation by regulators. The study is ongoing, but enrollment is closed. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the rationale of olaratumab in the treatment of advanced STSs and its emerging role in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Moroncini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elena Maccaroni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fiordoliva
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Pellei
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, Ancona, Italy
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39
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Heldin CH, Lennartsson J, Westermark B. Involvement of platelet-derived growth factor ligands and receptors in tumorigenesis. J Intern Med 2018; 283:16-44. [PMID: 28940884 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms and their receptors have important roles during embryogenesis, particularly in the development of various mesenchymal cell types in different organs. In the adult, PDGF stimulates wound healing and regulates tissue homeostasis. However, overactivity of PDGF signalling is associated with malignancies and other diseases characterized by excessive cell proliferation, such as fibrotic conditions and atherosclerosis. In certain tumours, genetic or epigenetic alterations of the genes for PDGF ligands and receptors drive tumour cell proliferation and survival. Examples include the rare skin tumour dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance, which is driven by autocrine PDGF stimulation due to translocation of a PDGF gene, and certain gastrointestinal stromal tumours and leukaemias, which are driven by constitute activation of PDGF receptors due to point mutations and formation of fusion proteins of the receptors, respectively. Moreover, PDGF stimulates cells in tumour stroma and promotes angiogenesis as well as the development of cancer-associated fibroblasts, both of which promote tumour progression. Inhibitors of PDGF signalling may thus be of clinical usefulness in the treatment of certain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Lennartsson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Westermark
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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40
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Sugg KB, Markworth JF, Disser NP, Rizzi AM, Talarek JR, Sarver DC, Brooks SV, Mendias CL. Postnatal tendon growth and remodeling require platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C389-C403. [PMID: 29341790 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00258.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling plays an important role in the fundamental biological activities of many cells that compose musculoskeletal tissues. However, little is known about the role of PDGFR signaling during tendon growth and remodeling in adult animals. Using the hindlimb synergist ablation model of tendon growth, our objectives were to determine the role of PDGFR signaling in the adaptation of tendons subjected to a mechanical growth stimulus, as well as to investigate the biological mechanisms behind this response. We demonstrate that both PDGFRs, PDGFRα and PDGFRβ, are expressed in tendon fibroblasts and that the inhibition of PDGFR signaling suppresses the normal growth of tendon tissue in response to mechanical growth cues due to defects in fibroblast proliferation and migration. We also identify membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) as an essential proteinase for the migration of tendon fibroblasts through their extracellular matrix. Furthermore, we report that MT1-MMP translation is regulated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling, while ERK1/2 controls posttranslational trafficking of MT1-MMP to the plasma membrane of tendon fibroblasts. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PDGFR signaling is necessary for postnatal tendon growth and remodeling and that MT1-MMP is a critical mediator of tendon fibroblast migration and a potential target for the treatment of tendon injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer B Sugg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - James F Markworth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nathaniel P Disser
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew M Rizzi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey R Talarek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dylan C Sarver
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christopher L Mendias
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Hospital for Special Surgery , New York, New York
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41
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Olaratumab Exerts Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models of Pediatric Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors through Inhibition of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:847-857. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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In GK, Hu JS, Tseng WW. Treatment of advanced, metastatic soft tissue sarcoma: latest evidence and clinical considerations. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2017; 9:533-550. [PMID: 28794805 PMCID: PMC5524246 DOI: 10.1177/1758834017712963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a biologically heterogeneous malignancy with over 50 subtypes. Historically, there have been few systemic treatment options for this relatively rare disease. Traditional cytotoxic agents, such as anthracyclines, alkylating agents, and taxanes have limited clinical benefit beyond the first-line setting; across all high-grade STS subtypes, median overall survival remains approximately 12-18 months for advanced metastatic disease. The development of targeted therapies has led to recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of four new treatments for high-grade STS in the advanced metastatic setting. Among these, olaratumab is most notable for its improvement in overall survival for patients with anthracycline-naïve disease. Further progress in STS management will rely on novel trial design, subtype-specific therapies and validation of biomarkers to tailor therapy. Immunotherapy has shown promise as a new, but yet undiscovered frontier in the management of STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino K. In
- Division of Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James S. Hu
- Division of Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William W. Tseng
- Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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43
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Gerber DE, Swanson P, Lopez-Chavez A, Wong L, Dowlati A, Pennell NA, Cronier DM, Qin A, Ilaria R, Cosaert J, Shahir A, Baggstrom MQ. Phase II study of olaratumab with paclitaxel/carboplatin (P/C) or P/C alone in previously untreated advanced NSCLC. Lung Cancer 2017; 111:108-115. [PMID: 28838379 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) mediates angiogenesis, tissue invasion, and tumor interstitial pressure. Olaratumab (IMC-3G3) is a fully human anti-PDGFRα monoclonal antibody. This Phase II study assessed safety and efficacy of olaratumab+paclitaxel/carboplatin (P/C) versus P/C alone for previously untreated advanced NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients received up to six 21-day cycles of P 200mg/m2 and C AUC 6 (day 1)±olaratumab 15mg/kg (days 1 and 8). Primary endpoint was PFS. Olaratumab was continued in the olaratumab+P/C arm until disease progression. RESULTS 131 patients were: 67 with olaratumab+P/C and 64 with P/C; 74% had nonsquamous NSCLC. Median PFS was similar between olaratumab+P/C and P/C (4.4 months each) (HR 1.29; 95% CI [0.86-1.93]; p=0.21). Median OS was similar between olaratumab+P/C (11.8 months) and P/C (11.5 months) (HR 1.04; 95% CI [0.68-1.57]; p=0.87). Both arms had similar toxicity profiles. All evaluable cases were PDGFR-negative by immunohistochemistry. Tumor stroma PDGFR expression was evaluable in 23/131 patients, of which 78% were positive. CONCLUSIONS The addition of olaratumab to P/C did not result in significant prolongation of PFS or OS in advanced NSCLC. Olaratumab studies in other patient populations, including soft tissue sarcoma (NCT02783599), pancreatic cancer (NCT03086369), and pediatric malignancies (NCT02677116) are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Gerber
- The University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Harry Hines Blvd., Mail Code 8852, Dallas, TX 75390-8852, USA.
| | - Paul Swanson
- Hematology/Oncology Associates of the Treasure Coast, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34952, USA.
| | | | - Lucas Wong
- Scott & White Clinic, Hematology-Oncology, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
| | - Afshin Dowlati
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | | | | | - Amy Qin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA.
| | | | - Jan Cosaert
- Sotio a.s., 170 00 Prague 7, Czech Republic.
| | - Ashwin Shahir
- Eli Lilly and Company, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, UK
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44
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Vincenzi B, Badalamenti G, Napolitano A, Spalato Ceruso M, Pantano F, Grignani G, Russo A, Santini D, Aglietta M, Tonini G. Olaratumab: PDGFR-α inhibition as a novel tool in the treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcomas. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 118:1-6. [PMID: 28917265 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced soft tissue sarcomas are aggressive cancers with limited therapeutic options. Recently, inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α by the monoclonal antibody olaratumab showed promising clinical activity. If confirmed, this would be one of the first examples of targeted therapy effective in advanced soft tissue sarcomas therapy independently of the histologic subtype. Here, we reviewed the biology of the PDGF/PDGFR axis, particularly focusing on its role in cancer, and then we discussed on the effects of PDGFR-α inhibition in the therapy of advanced soft tissue sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vincenzi
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Badalamenti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, Palermo University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Napolitano
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Pantano
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grignani
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institue-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, Palermo University Hospital, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Daniele Santini
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS, Laboratory of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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45
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Wang L, Ni Z, Liu Y, Ji S, Jin F, Jiang K, Ma J, Ren C, Zhang H, Hu Z, Zha X. Hyperactivated mTORC1 downregulation of FOXO3a/PDGFRα/AKT cascade restrains tuberous sclerosis complex-associated tumor development. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54858-54872. [PMID: 28903387 PMCID: PMC5589626 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), caused by loss-of-function mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, leads to the development of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a benign tumor syndrome with multiple affected organs. mTORC1-mediated inhibition of AKT constrains the tumor progression of TSC, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Herein we showed that loss of TSC1 or TSC2 downregulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) expression was mediated by mTORC1. Moreover, mTORC1 inhibited PDGFRα expression via suppression of forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a)-mediated PDGFRα gene transcription. In addition, ectopic expression of PDGFRα promoted AKT activation and enhanced proliferation and tumorigenic capacity of Tsc1- or Tsc2-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), and vice versa. Most importantly, rapamycin in combination with AG1295, a PDGFR inhibitor, significantly inhibited growth of TSC1/TSC2 complex-deficient cells in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, downregulated FOXO3a/PDGFRα/AKT pathway exerts a protective effect against hyperactivated mTORC1-induced tumorigenesis caused by loss of TSC1/TSC2 complex, and the combination of rapamycin and AG1295 may be a new effective strategy for TSC-associated tumors treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaofei Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fuquan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Keguo Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junfang Ma
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiping Ren
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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46
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Sugg KB, Korn MA, Sarver DC, Markworth JF, Mendias CL. Inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor signaling prevents muscle fiber growth during skeletal muscle hypertrophy. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:801-809. [PMID: 28129672 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The platelet-derived growth factor receptors alpha and beta (PDGFRα and PDGFRβ) mark fibroadipogenic progenitor cells/fibroblasts and pericytes in skeletal muscle, respectively. While the role that these cells play in muscle growth and development has been evaluated, it was not known whether the PDGF receptors activate signaling pathways that control transcriptional and functional changes during skeletal muscle hypertrophy. To evaluate this, we inhibited PDGFR signaling in mice subjected to a synergist ablation muscle growth procedure, and performed analyses 3 and 10 days after induction of hypertrophy. The results from this study indicate that PDGF signaling is required for fiber hypertrophy, extracellular matrix production, and angiogenesis that occur during muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer B Sugg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael A Korn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dylan C Sarver
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James F Markworth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher L Mendias
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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47
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Abstract
Bioinformatic analysis can not only accelerate drug target identification and drug candidate screening and refinement, but also facilitate characterization of side effects and predict drug resistance. High-throughput data such as genomic, epigenetic, genome architecture, cistromic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and ribosome profiling data have all made significant contribution to mechanismbased drug discovery and drug repurposing. Accumulation of protein and RNA structures, as well as development of homology modeling and protein structure simulation, coupled with large structure databases of small molecules and metabolites, paved the way for more realistic protein-ligand docking experiments and more informative virtual screening. I present the conceptual framework that drives the collection of these high-throughput data, summarize the utility and potential of mining these data in drug discovery, outline a few inherent limitations in data and software mining these data, point out news ways to refine analysis of these diverse types of data, and highlight commonly used software and databases relevant to drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Xia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
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48
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Significant blockade of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases by MGCD516 (Sitravatinib), a novel small molecule inhibitor, shows potent anti-tumor activity in preclinical models of sarcoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4093-109. [PMID: 26675259 PMCID: PMC4826192 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare but highly aggressive mesenchymal tumors with a median survival of 10–18 months for metastatic disease. Mutation and/or overexpression of many receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) including c-Met, PDGFR, c-Kit and IGF1-R drive defective signaling pathways in sarcomas. MGCD516 (Sitravatinib) is a novel small molecule inhibitor targeting multiple RTKs involved in driving sarcoma cell growth. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of MGCD516 both in vitro and in mouse xenograft models in vivo. MGCD516 treatment resulted in significant blockade of phosphorylation of potential driver RTKs and induced potent anti-proliferative effects in vitro. Furthermore, MGCD516 treatment of tumor xenografts in vivo resulted in significant suppression of tumor growth. Efficacy of MGCD516 was superior to imatinib and crizotinib, two other well-studied multi-kinase inhibitors with overlapping target specificities, both in vitro and in vivo. This is the first report describing MGCD516 as a potent multi-kinase inhibitor in different models of sarcoma, superior to imatinib and crizotinib. Results from this study showing blockade of multiple driver signaling pathways provides a rationale for further clinical development of MGCD516 for the treatment of patients with soft-tissue sarcoma.
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49
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Konotop G, Bausch E, Nagai T, Turchinovich A, Becker N, Benner A, Boutros M, Mizuno K, Krämer A, Raab MS. Pharmacological Inhibition of Centrosome Clustering by Slingshot-Mediated Cofilin Activation and Actin Cortex Destabilization. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6690-6700. [PMID: 27634760 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Centrosome amplification is a hallmark of virtually all types of cancers, including solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Cancer cells with extra centrosomes use centrosome clustering (CC) to allow for successful division. Because normal cells do not rely on this mechanism, CC is regarded as a promising target to selectively eradicate cells harboring supernumerary centrosomes. To identify novel inhibitors of CC, we developed a cell-based high-throughput screen that reports differential drug cytotoxicity for isogenic cell populations with different centrosome contents. We identified CP-673451 and crenolanib, two chemically related compounds originally developed for the inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFR-β), as robust inhibitors of CC with selective cytotoxicity for cells with extra centrosomes. We demonstrate that these compounds induce mitotic spindle multipolarity by activation of the actin-severing protein cofilin, leading to destabilization of the cortical actin network, and provide evidence that this activation is dependent on slingshot phosphatases 1 and 2 but unrelated to PDGFR-β inhibition. More specifically, we found that although both compounds attenuated PDGF-BB-induced signaling, they significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of PDGFR-β downstream effectors, Akt and MEK, in almost all tested cancer cell lines under physiologic conditions. In summary, our data reveal a novel mechanism of CC inhibition depending on cofilin-mediated cortical actin destabilization and identify two clinically relevant compounds interfering with this tumor cell-specific target. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6690-700. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb Konotop
- Max-Eder Research Group "Experimental Therapies for Hematologic Malignancies", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Bausch
- Max-Eder Research Group "Experimental Therapies for Hematologic Malignancies", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tomoaki Nagai
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Andrey Turchinovich
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Becker
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Cancer Research Center and University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kensaku Mizuno
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Alwin Krämer
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marc Steffen Raab
- Max-Eder Research Group "Experimental Therapies for Hematologic Malignancies", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Winette T A van der Graaf
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK; Sarcoma Unit of The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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