1
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Cosco ED, Bogyo M. Recent advances in ratiometric fluorescence imaging of enzyme activity in vivo. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 80:102441. [PMID: 38457961 PMCID: PMC11164639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Among molecular imaging modalities that can monitor enzyme activity in vivo, optical imaging provides sensitive, molecular-level information at low-cost using safe and non-ionizing wavelengths of light. Yet, obtaining quantifiable optical signals in vivo poses significant challenges. Benchmarking using ratiometric signals can overcome dependence on dosing, illumination variability, and pharmacokinetics to provide quantitative in vivo optical data. This review highlights recent advances using fluorescent probes that are processed by enzymes to induce photophysical changes that can be monitored by ratiometric imaging. These diverse strategies include caged fluorophores that change photophysical properties upon enzymatic cleavage, as well as multi-fluorophore systems that are triggered by enzymatic cleavage to alter optical outputs in one or more fluorescent channels. The strategies discussed here have great potential for further development as well as potential broad applications for targeting diverse enzymes important for a wide range of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D Cosco
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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2
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Li M, Sun B, Zheng X, Ma S, Zhu S, Zhang S, Wang X. NIR-II Ratiometric Fluorescence Probes Enable Precise Determination of the Metastatic Status of Sentinel Lymph Nodes. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1339-1348. [PMID: 38382082 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Accurately determining the metastatic status of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) through noninvasive imaging with high imaging resolution and sensitivity is crucial for cancer therapy. Herein, we report a dual-tracer-based NIR-II ratiometric fluorescence nanoplatform combining targeted and nontargeted moieties to determine the metastatic status of SLNs through the recording of ratio signals. Ratiometric fluorescence imaging revealed approximately 2-fold increases in signals in tumor-draining SLNs compared to inflamed and normal SLNs. Additionally, inflamed SLNs were diagnosed by combining the ratio value with the enlarged size outputted by NIR-II fluorescence imaging. The metastatic status diagnostic results obtained through NIR-II ratiometric fluorescence signals were further confirmed by standard H&E staining, indicating that the ratiometric fluorescence strategy could achieve distant metastases detection. Furthermore, the superior imaging quality of ratiometric probes enables visualization of the detailed change in the lymphatic network accompanying tumor growth. Compared to clinically available and state-of-the-art NIR contrast agents, our dual-tracer-based NIR-II ratiometric fluorescence probes provide significantly improved performance, allowing for the quick assessment of lymphatic function and guiding the removal of tumor-infiltrating SLNs during cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zheng
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Ma
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Songling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
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3
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Morsby JJ, Zhang Z, Burchett A, Datta M, Smith BD. Ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe for nitroreductase activity enables 3D imaging of hypoxic cells within intact tumor spheroids. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3633-3639. [PMID: 38455008 PMCID: PMC10915858 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06058f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent molecular probes that report nitroreductase activity have promise as imaging tools to elucidate the biology of hypoxic cells and report the past hypoxic history of biomedical tissue. This study describes the synthesis and validation of a "first-in-class" ratiometric, hydrophilic near-infrared fluorescent molecular probe for imaging hypoxia-induced nitroreductase activity in 2D cell culture monolayers and 3D multicellular tumor spheroids. The probe's molecular structure is charge-balanced and the change in ratiometric signal is based on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) from a deep-red, pentamethine cyanine donor dye (Cy5, emits ∼660 nm) to a linked near-infrared, heptamethine cyanine acceptor dye (Cy7, emits ∼780 nm). Enzymatic reduction of a 4-nitrobenzyl group on the Cy7 component induces a large increase in Cy7/Cy5 fluorescence ratio. The deep penetration of near-infrared light enables 3D optical sectioning of intact tumor spheroids, and visualization of individual hypoxic cells (i.e., cells with raised Cy7/Cy5 ratio) as a new way to study tumor spheroids. Beyond preclinical imaging, the near-infrared fluorescent molecular probe has high potential for ratiometric imaging of hypoxic tissue in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeala J Morsby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Zhumin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Alice Burchett
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame 145 Multidisciplinary Engineering Research Building, Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Meenal Datta
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame 145 Multidisciplinary Engineering Research Building, Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
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4
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Zakany F, Mándity IM, Varga Z, Panyi G, Nagy P, Kovacs T. Effect of the Lipid Landscape on the Efficacy of Cell-Penetrating Peptides. Cells 2023; 12:1700. [PMID: 37443733 PMCID: PMC10340183 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Every cell biological textbook teaches us that the main role of the plasma membrane is to separate cells from their neighborhood to allow for a controlled composition of the intracellular space. The mostly hydrophobic nature of the cell membrane presents an impenetrable barrier for most hydrophilic molecules larger than 1 kDa. On the other hand, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are capable of traversing this barrier without compromising membrane integrity, and they can do so on their own or coupled to cargos. Coupling biologically and medically relevant cargos to CPPs holds great promise of delivering membrane-impermeable drugs into cells. If the cargo is able to interact with certain cell types, uptake of the CPP-drug complex can be tailored to be cell-type-specific. Besides outlining the major membrane penetration pathways of CPPs, this review is aimed at deciphering how properties of the membrane influence the uptake mechanisms of CPPs. By summarizing an extensive body of experimental evidence, we argue that a more ordered, less flexible membrane structure, often present in the very diseases planned to be treated with CPPs, decreases their cellular uptake. These correlations are not only relevant for understanding the cellular biology of CPPs, but also for rationally improving their value in translational or clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina Zakany
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.Z.); (Z.V.); (G.P.)
| | - István M. Mándity
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
- TTK Lendület Artificial Transporter Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.Z.); (Z.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.Z.); (Z.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.Z.); (Z.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Tamas Kovacs
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.Z.); (Z.V.); (G.P.)
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5
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Wang T, Chen Y, He Z, Wang X, Wang S, Zhang F. Molecular-Based FRET Nanosensor with Dynamic Ratiometric NIR-IIb Fluorescence for Real-Time In Vivo Imaging and Sensing. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4548-4556. [PMID: 37133308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Real-time fluorescence sensing can provide insight into biodynamics. However, few fluorescent tools are available to overcome the tissue scattering and autofluorescence interference for high-contrast in vivo sensing with high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we develop a molecular-based FRET nanosensor (MFN) capable of producing a dynamic ratiometric NIR-IIb (1500-1700 nm) fluorescence signal under a frequency-modulated dual-wavelength excitation bioimaging system. The MFN provides reliable signals in highly scattering tissues and enables in vivo real-time imaging at micrometer-scale spatial resolution and millisecond-scale temporal resolution. As a proof of concept, a physiological pH-responsive nanosensor (MFNpH) was designed as a nanoreporter for intravital real-time monitoring of the endocytosis dynamics of nanoparticles in the tumor microenvironment. We also show that MFNpH allows the accurate quantification of pH changes in a solid tumor through video-rate ratiometric imaging. Our study offers a powerful approach for noninvasive imaging and sensing of biodynamics with micrometer-scale spatial resolution and millisecond-scale temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuyang He
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangfeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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6
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Zmudzinski M, Malon O, Poręba M, Drąg M. Imaging of proteases using activity-based probes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 74:102299. [PMID: 37031620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Proteases (proteolytic enzymes) are proteins that catalyze one of the most important biochemical reactions, namely the hydrolysis of the peptide bond in peptide and protein substrates. Therefore these molecular biocatalysts participate in virtually all living processes. The proper balance between intact and processed protease substrates enables to maintenance of homeostasis from a single-cell level to the whole living system. However, when the proteolytic activity is altered, this delicate balance is disturbed, which might lead to the development of a plethora of diseases. Given this, monitoring proteolytic activity is indispensable to understanding how proteases operate in disease lesions and how their altered catalytic activity might be harnessed for a better diagnosis and treatment. In this manuscript, we provide a critical review of the recent development of protease chemical probes which are small molecules that detect proteolytic activity by interacting with protease active site, individual proteases as well as complex proteolytic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Zmudzinski
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Oliwia Malon
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Poręba
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marcin Drąg
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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7
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Hyun S, Kim D, Cho J, Jeong D, Chung DH, Yu J. Design and Optimization of an α-Helical Bundle Dimer Cell-Penetrating Peptide for In Vivo Drug Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2420-2427. [PMID: 36446084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To deliver membrane-impermeable drugs into eukaryotic cells, a lot of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) were discovered. Previously we designed an amphipathic α-helical peptide which dimerizes itself via its two C-residues. This bis-disulfide-linked dimeric bundle, LK-3, has remarkable cell-penetrating ability at nanomolar concentration, which is an essential prerequisite for CPP. In an effort to optimize the sequence of LK-3, we adjusted its length and evaluated changes in the dimerization rate. We found that a 10-amino-acid monomer has the fastest dimerization rate and subsequently modified its hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues to construct a small peptide library. The evaluation of cell permeability of these derivatives showed that their cell-penetrating ability is comparable to that of the LK-3, except V- or H-containing ones. In this library, diLR10 was found to display fast nanomolar cell membrane penetration, low toxicity, and ease of production. The methotrexate (MTX) conjugate of diLR10, MTX-diLR10, has a 19-fold increased efficacy over MTX in MDA-MB-231 cells and efficiently deflates lesions in a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in vivo mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonsil Hyun
- Department of Chemistry & Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dongwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jane Cho
- Department of Chemistry & Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dongjin Jeong
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Yu
- Department of Chemistry & Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,CAMP Therapeutics, Seoul 08826, Korea
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8
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Amini AP, Kirkpatrick JD, Wang CS, Jaeger AM, Su S, Naranjo S, Zhong Q, Cabana CM, Jacks T, Bhatia SN. Multiscale profiling of protease activity in cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5745. [PMID: 36192379 PMCID: PMC9530178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse processes in cancer are mediated by enzymes, which most proximally exert their function through their activity. High-fidelity methods to profile enzyme activity are therefore critical to understanding and targeting the pathological roles of enzymes in cancer. Here, we present an integrated set of methods for measuring specific protease activities across scales, and deploy these methods to study treatment response in an autochthonous model of Alk-mutant lung cancer. We leverage multiplexed nanosensors and machine learning to analyze in vivo protease activity dynamics in lung cancer, identifying significant dysregulation that includes enhanced cleavage of a peptide, S1, which rapidly returns to healthy levels with targeted therapy. Through direct on-tissue localization of protease activity, we pinpoint S1 cleavage to the tumor vasculature. To link protease activity to cellular function, we design a high-throughput method to isolate and characterize proteolytically active cells, uncovering a pro-angiogenic phenotype in S1-cleaving cells. These methods provide a framework for functional, multiscale characterization of protease dysregulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava P Amini
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Microsoft Research New England, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesse D Kirkpatrick
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cathy S Wang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex M Jaeger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Susan Su
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Santiago Naranjo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Qian Zhong
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christina M Cabana
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Wyss Institute at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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9
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Hingorani DV, Allevato MM, Camargo MF, Lesperance J, Quraishi MA, Aguilera J, Franiak-Pietryga I, Scanderbeg DJ, Wang Z, Molinolo AA, Alvarado D, Sharabi AB, Bui JD, Cohen EEW, Adams SR, Gutkind JS, Advani SJ. Monomethyl auristatin antibody and peptide drug conjugates for trimodal cancer chemo-radio-immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3869. [PMID: 35790753 PMCID: PMC9256669 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31601-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced cancers remain therapeutically challenging to eradicate. The most successful treatments continue to combine decades old non-targeted chemotherapies with radiotherapy that unfortunately increase normal tissue damage in the irradiated field and have systemic toxicities precluding further treatment intensification. Therefore, alternative molecularly guided systemic therapies are needed to improve patient outcomes when applied with radiotherapy. In this work, we report a trimodal precision cytotoxic chemo-radio-immunotherapy paradigm using spatially targeted auristatin warheads. Tumor-directed antibodies and peptides conjugated to radiosensitizing monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) specifically produce CD8 T cell dependent durable tumor control of irradiated tumors and immunologic memory. In combination with ionizing radiation, MMAE sculpts the tumor immune infiltrate to potentiate immune checkpoint inhibition. Here, we report therapeutic synergies of targeted cytotoxic auristatin radiosensitization to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses providing a rationale for clinical translational of auristatin antibody drug conjugates with radio-immunotherapy combinations to improve tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina V Hingorani
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael M Allevato
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maria F Camargo
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lesperance
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maryam A Quraishi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joseph Aguilera
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ida Franiak-Pietryga
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Daniel J Scanderbeg
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- UC San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Andrew B Sharabi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- UC San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- UC San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ezra E W Cohen
- UC San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stephen R Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- UC San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sunil J Advani
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- UC San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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10
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Ding G, Gai F, Gou Z, Zuo Y. A fluorescent probe based on POSS for facilitating the visualization of HClO and NO in living cells and zebrafish. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2035-2042. [PMID: 35548909 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00482h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main production area of HClO and NO is the mitochondria and has modulatory effects on multiple human diseases. Simultaneous detection of signaling molecules such as HClO and NO is an important approach for exploring the complex relationship between HClO and NO in mitochondria. However, most probes can detect only one species or are unable to complete the monitoring of HClO and NO in the NIR channel. There are only few reports on reasonable tools that can simultaneously monitor the presence of HClO and NO in the NIR channel. In this work, to solve this difficulty, a POSS-assisted NIR fluorescent probe with dual-response was rationally devised and developed. The probe Mito-Cy possessed high specificity and responsiveness to HClO and NO in spectral experiments. Notably, the probe exhibited excellent responsiveness and sensitivity to HClO and NO in living cells and the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Fengqing Gai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiming Gou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Yujing Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China.
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11
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Jin C, EI‐Sagheer AH, Li S, Vallis KA, Tan W, Brown T. Engineering Enzyme-Cleavable Oligonucleotides by Automated Solid-Phase Incorporation of Cathepsin B Sensitive Dipeptide Linkers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114016. [PMID: 34953094 PMCID: PMC9306542 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides containing cleavable linkers have emerged as versatile tools to achieve stimulus-responsive and site-specific cleavage of DNA. However, the limitations of previously reported cleavable linkers including photolabile and disulfide linkers have restricted their applications in vivo. Inspired by the cathepsin B-sensitive dipeptide linkers in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) such as Adcetris, we have developed Val-Ala-02 and Val-Ala-Chalcone phosphoramidites for the automated synthesis of enzyme-cleavable oligonucleotides. Cathepsin B digests Val-Ala-02 and Val-Ala-Chalcone linkers efficiently, enabling cleavage of oligonucleotides into two components or release of small-molecule payloads. Based on the prior success of dipeptide linkers in ADCs, we believe that these dipeptide linker phosphoramidites will promote new clinical applications of therapeutic oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Afaf H. EI‐Sagheer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Department of Science and MathematicsSuez University, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining EngineeringSuez43721Egypt
| | - Siqi Li
- Medical Research CouncilOxford Institute for Radiation OncologyDepartment of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7DQUK
| | - Katherine A. Vallis
- Medical Research CouncilOxford Institute for Radiation OncologyDepartment of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7DQUK
| | - Weihong Tan
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of SciencesZhejiang Cancer Hospital)Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang310022China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM)Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200240China
| | - Tom Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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12
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Jin C, EI‐Sagheer AH, Li S, Vallis KA, Tan W, Brown T. Engineering Enzyme-Cleavable Oligonucleotides by Automated Solid-Phase Incorporation of Cathepsin B Sensitive Dipeptide Linkers. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202114016. [PMID: 38505643 PMCID: PMC10946720 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides containing cleavable linkers have emerged as versatile tools to achieve stimulus-responsive and site-specific cleavage of DNA. However, the limitations of previously reported cleavable linkers including photolabile and disulfide linkers have restricted their applications in vivo. Inspired by the cathepsin B-sensitive dipeptide linkers in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) such as Adcetris, we have developed Val-Ala-02 and Val-Ala-Chalcone phosphoramidites for the automated synthesis of enzyme-cleavable oligonucleotides. Cathepsin B digests Val-Ala-02 and Val-Ala-Chalcone linkers efficiently, enabling cleavage of oligonucleotides into two components or release of small-molecule payloads. Based on the prior success of dipeptide linkers in ADCs, we believe that these dipeptide linker phosphoramidites will promote new clinical applications of therapeutic oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Afaf H. EI‐Sagheer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Department of Science and MathematicsSuez University, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining EngineeringSuez43721Egypt
| | - Siqi Li
- Medical Research CouncilOxford Institute for Radiation OncologyDepartment of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7DQUK
| | - Katherine A. Vallis
- Medical Research CouncilOxford Institute for Radiation OncologyDepartment of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7DQUK
| | - Weihong Tan
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of SciencesZhejiang Cancer Hospital)Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang310022China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM)Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200240China
| | - Tom Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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13
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Mac QD, Sivakumar A, Phuengkham H, Xu C, Bowen JR, Su FY, Stentz SZ, Sim H, Harris AM, Li TT, Qiu P, Kwong GA. Urinary detection of early responses to checkpoint blockade and of resistance to it via protease-cleaved antibody-conjugated sensors. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:310-324. [PMID: 35241815 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy does not benefit the majority of treated patients, and those who respond to the therapy can become resistant to it. Here we report the design and performance of systemically administered protease activity sensors conjugated to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (αPD1) antibodies for the monitoring of antitumour responses to ICB therapy. The sensors consist of a library of mass-barcoded protease substrates that, when cleaved by tumour proteases and immune proteases, are released into urine, where they can be detected by mass spectrometry. By using syngeneic mouse models of colorectal cancer, we show that random forest classifiers trained on mass spectrometry signatures from a library of αPD1-conjugated mass-barcoded activity sensors for differentially expressed tumour proteases and immune proteases can be used to detect early antitumour responses and discriminate resistance to ICB therapy driven by loss-of-function mutations in either the B2m or Jak1 genes. Biomarkers of protease activity may facilitate the assessment of early responses to ICB therapy and the classification of refractory tumours based on resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc D Mac
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anirudh Sivakumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hathaichanok Phuengkham
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Congmin Xu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James R Bowen
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fang-Yi Su
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samuel Z Stentz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hyoungjun Sim
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adrian M Harris
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tonia T Li
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peng Qiu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Atlanta, GA, USA.,The Georgia Immunoengineering Consortium, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gabriel A Kwong
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,The Georgia Immunoengineering Consortium, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Integrated Cancer Research Center, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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14
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Rusiecka I, Gągało I, Kocić I. Cell-penetrating peptides improve pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anticancer drugs. Tissue Barriers 2022; 10:1965418. [PMID: 34402743 PMCID: PMC8794253 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1965418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review concentrates on the research concerning conjugates of anticancer drugs with versatile cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). For a better insight into the relationship between the components of the constructs, it starts with the characteristic of the peptides and considers its following aspects: mechanisms of cellular internalization, interaction with cancer-modified membranes, selectivity against tumor tissue. Also, CPPs with anticancer activity have been distinguished and summarized with their mechanisms of action. With respect to the conjugates, the preclinical studies (in vitro, in vivo) indicated that they possess several merits in comparison to the parent drugs. They concerned not only better cellular internalization but also other improvements in pharmacokinetics (e.g. access to the brain tissue) and pharmacodynamics (e.g. overcoming drug resistance). The anticancer activity of the conjugates was usually superior to that of the unconjugated drug. Certain anticancer CPPs and conjugates entered clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Rusiecka
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iwona Gągało
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ivan Kocić
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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15
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Zeng W, Wu L, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Ye D. Ratiometric Imaging of MMP-2 Activity Facilitates Tumor Detection Using Activatable Near-Infrared Fluorescent Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101924. [PMID: 34309199 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-activatable ratiometric near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes enabling noninvasive imaging of enzyme activity in vivo are promising for biomedical research; however, such probes with ratiometric fluorescence emissions both in NIR window under a single NIR light excitation are largely unexplored. Here, a quenched NIR fluorophore of Cy5.5 is integrated with NIR fluorescent poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene)-alt-4,7(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT)-based semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs), and an αv β3 integrin-targeting and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)-activatable ratiometric fluorescent probe (SPN-MMP-RGD) is developed. Under excitation at 660 nm, SPN-MMP-RGD shows "always-on" fluorescence of PCPDTBT (830 nm) and activatable fluorescence of Cy5.5 (690 nm) toward MMP-2, affording a remarkable ≈176-fold enhancement in fluorescence intensity ratio between 690 and 830 nm (I690 /I830 ) for sensitive detection of MMP-2 activity in vitro and in tumor cells. By virtue of ratiometric fluorescence imaging independently of probe's concentration, SPN-MMP-RGD can not only accurately report on MMP-2 levels regarding different tumor sizes, but also noninvasively delineate MMP-2-positive tiny gastric tumors metastasis in vivo. The authors' study reveals the potential of SPN-MMP-RGD for ratiometric fluorescence imaging of MMP-2 activity via combining two independent NIR fluorophores, which can be amenable for the design of other enzyme-activatable ratiometric NIR fluorescent probes for reliable in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Luyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yidan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Research Center of Resources and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, 213022, China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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16
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Noltes ME, van Dam GM, Nagengast WB, van der Zaag PJ, Slart RHJA, Szymanski W, Kruijff S, Dierckx RAJO. Let's embrace optical imaging: a growing branch on the clinical molecular imaging tree. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:4120-4128. [PMID: 34463808 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milou E Noltes
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gooitzen M van Dam
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.,AxelaRx/TRACER B.V, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter B Nagengast
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter J van der Zaag
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Riemer H J A Slart
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Schelto Kruijff
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands. .,Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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17
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Scott J, Deng Q, Vendrell M. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Cancer-Associated Proteases. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1304-1317. [PMID: 34315210 PMCID: PMC8383269 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are enzymes capable of catalyzing protein breakdown, which is critical across many biological processes. There are several families of proteases, each of which perform key functions through the degradation of specific proteins. As our understanding of cancer improves, it has been demonstrated that several proteases can be overactivated during the progression of cancer and contribute to malignancy. Optical imaging systems that employ near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes to detect protease activity offer clinical promise, both for early detection of cancer as well as for the assessment of personalized therapy. In this Review, we review the design of NIR probes and their successful application for the detection of different cancer-associated proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie
I. Scott
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Qinyi Deng
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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18
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Zhang X, Lei T, Du H. Prospect of cell penetrating peptides in stem cell tracking. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:457. [PMID: 34391472 PMCID: PMC8364034 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has shown great efficacy in many diseases. However, the treatment mechanism is still unclear, which is a big obstacle for promoting clinical research. Therefore, it is particularly important to track transplanted stem cells in vivo, find out the distribution and condition of the stem cells, and furthermore reveal the treatment mechanism. Many tracking methods have been developed, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorescence imaging, and ultrasound imaging (UI). Among them, MRI and UI techniques have been used in clinical. In stem cell tracking, a major drawback of these technologies is that the imaging signal is not strong enough, mainly due to the low cell penetration efficiency of imaging particles. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been widely used for cargo delivery due to its high efficacy, good safety properties, and wide delivery of various cargoes. However, there are few reports on the application of CPPs in current stem cell tracking methods. In this review, we systematically introduced the mechanism of CPPs into cell membranes and their advantages in stem cell tracking, discussed the clinical applications and limitations of CPPs, and finally we summarized several commonly used CPPs and their specific applications in stem cell tracking. Although it is not an innovation of tracer materials, CPPs as a powerful tool have broad prospects in stem cell tracking. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tong Lei
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China. .,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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19
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Blair S, Garcia M, Davis T, Zhu Z, Liang Z, Konopka C, Kauffman K, Colanceski R, Ferati I, Kondov B, Stojanoski S, Todorovska MB, Dimitrovska NT, Jakupi N, Miladinova D, Petrusevska G, Kondov G, Dobrucki WL, Nie S, Gruev V. Hexachromatic bioinspired camera for image-guided cancer surgery. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/592/eaaw7067. [PMID: 33952675 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw7067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer affects one in three people worldwide. Surgery remains the primary curative option for localized cancers, but good prognoses require complete removal of primary tumors and timely recognition of metastases. To expand surgical capabilities and enhance patient outcomes, we developed a six-channel color/near-infrared image sensor inspired by the mantis shrimp visual system that enabled near-infrared fluorescence image guidance during surgery. The mantis shrimp's unique eye, which maximizes the number of photons contributing to and the amount of information contained in each glimpse of its surroundings, is recapitulated in our single-chip imaging system that integrates arrays of vertically stacked silicon photodetectors and pixelated spectral filters. To provide information about tumor location unavailable from a single instrument, we tuned three color channels to permit an intuitive perspective of the surgical procedure and three near-infrared channels to permit multifunctional imaging of optical probes highlighting cancerous tissue. In nude athymic mice bearing human prostate tumors, our image sensor enabled simultaneous detection of two tumor-targeted fluorophores, distinguishing diseased from healthy tissue in an estimated 92% of cases. It also permitted extraction of near-infrared structured illumination enabling the mapping of the three-dimensional topography of tumors and surgical sites to within 1.2-mm error. In the operating room, during surgical resection in 18 patients with breast cancer, our image sensor further enabled sentinel lymph node mapping using clinically approved near-infrared fluorophores. The flexibility and performance afforded by this simple and compact architecture highlights the benefits of biologically inspired sensors in image-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Blair
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Missael Garcia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tyler Davis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zhongmin Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zuodong Liang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Christian Konopka
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kevin Kauffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Risto Colanceski
- University Clinic Hospital, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Imran Ferati
- University Clinic Hospital, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Borislav Kondov
- University Clinic Hospital, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Sinisa Stojanoski
- University Clinic Hospital, Institute of Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Magdalena Bogdanovska Todorovska
- University Clinic Hospital, Department of Pathology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Natasha Toleska Dimitrovska
- University Clinic Hospital, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Nexhat Jakupi
- University Clinic Hospital, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Daniela Miladinova
- University Clinic Hospital, Institute of Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Gordana Petrusevska
- University Clinic Hospital, Department of Pathology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Goran Kondov
- University Clinic Hospital, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Wawrzyniec Lawrence Dobrucki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
| | - Shuming Nie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Viktor Gruev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. .,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
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20
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Fang Y, Li Y, Li Y, He R, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Ju H. In Situ Protease Secretion Visualization and Metastatic Lymph Nodes Imaging via a Cell Membrane-Anchored Upconversion Nanoprobe. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7258-7265. [PMID: 33939420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion is highly associated with tumor invasion and metastasis; therefore, monitoring MMP secretion is important for disease progression study and therapy choosing. Though working well for intracellular MMP imaging, the performance of current MMP detection probes is impaired in secretion monitoring due to the diffusion of MMP in an extracellular environment after secretion and low secreted amount. Here, we design a cell membrane-anchored ratiometric upconversion nanoprobe (UCNPs-Cy3/Pep-QSY7/Ab) for in situ MMP secretion visualization. Anti-EGFR is functionalized on the nanoprobe to provide specific recognition to tumor cells and guarantee fast response to MMP2 in the local place of secretion. MMP-responsive cleavage of Pep-QSY7 results in Cy3 luminescence recovery at 580 nm, which is ratioed over an internal standard of UCNP emission at 654 nm for MMP2 detection. The presented cell membrane-anchored ratiometric upconversion nanoprobe demonstrated that satisfactory results for in situ monitoring of MMP2 secretion from MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells, as well as in vivo imaging of metastatic lymph nodes, would provide a universal platform for protease secretion study and contribute to tumor invasiveness assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuetong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong He
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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21
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Hingorani DV, Camargo MF, Quraishi MA, Adams SR, Advani SJ. Tumor Activated Cell Penetrating Peptides to Selectively Deliver Immune Modulatory Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030365. [PMID: 33801967 PMCID: PMC8000974 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in immunotherapy have revolutionized cancer therapy. Immunotherapies can engage the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system. Therapeutics targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors (i.e., CTLA-4; PD-1, and PD-L1) have shown efficacy for subsets of cancer patients by unleashing an adaptive antitumor immune response. Alternatively, small molecule immune modulators of the innate immune system such as toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are being developed for cancer therapy. TLRs function as pattern recognition receptors to microbial products and are also involved in carcinogenesis. Reisquimod is a TLR 7/8 agonist that has antitumor efficacy. However, systemic delivery free resiquimod has proven to be challenging due to toxicity of nonspecific TLR 7/8 activation. Therefore, we developed a targeted peptide-drug conjugate strategy for systemic delivery of resiquimod. We designed an activatable cell penetrating peptide to deliver resiquimod specifically to the tumor tissue while avoiding normal tissues. The activatable cell penetrating peptide (ACPP) scaffold undergoes enzymatic cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases 2/9 in the extracellular matrix followed by intracellular lysosomal cathepsin B mediated release of the free resiquimod. Importantly, when conjugated to ACPP; the tumor tissue concentration of resiquimod was more than 1000-fold greater than that of surrounding non-cancerous tissue. Moreover, systemic ACPP-resiquimod delivery produced comparable therapeutic efficacy to localized free resiquimod in syngeneic murine tumors. These results highlight a precision peptide-drug conjugate delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina V. Hingorani
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (D.V.H.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.Q.)
| | - Maria F. Camargo
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (D.V.H.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.Q.)
| | - Maryam A. Quraishi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (D.V.H.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.Q.)
| | - Stephen R. Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Sunil J. Advani
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (D.V.H.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.Q.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +85-8822-6046; Fax: +85-8822-5568
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22
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Wang K, Wang W, Zhang XY, Jiang AQ, Yang YS, Zhu HL. Fluorescent probes for the detection of alkaline phosphatase in biological systems: Recent advances and future prospects. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Reissmann S, Filatova MP. New generation of cell‐penetrating peptides: Functionality and potential clinical application. J Pept Sci 2021; 27:e3300. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siegmund Reissmann
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Friedrich Schiller University Dornburger Str. 25 Jena Thueringia 07743 Germany
| | - Margarita P. Filatova
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
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24
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Ling J, Luo Y, Sun C, Dong Z, Wu R, Tang X, Du N, Zhu R, Chen S, Liu M, Liu Y, Wang Y, Gu X, Ling Y, Yang Y. Live intraoperative diagnosis of hepatic metastasis via HDACs targeting molecular theranostic agent. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2021; 406:126900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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25
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van Keulen S, Rosenthal EL. Intraoperative Molecular Imaging Agents. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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26
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Via MA, Wilke N, Mayorga LS, Del Pópolo MG. Surface charge density and fatty acids enhance the membrane permeation rate of CPP-cargo complexes. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9890-9898. [PMID: 33020785 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00673d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The CPP-effect makes reference to the process by which the membrane translocation rate of a cargo is enhanced by chemical functionalization with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). In this work we combine a simple kinetic model with free-energy calculations to explore the energetic basis of the CPP-effect. Two polyglicines are selected as model hydrophilic cargoes, and nona-arginine as a prototypical CPP. We assess the cargo carrying efficiency of nona-arginine by comparing the adsorption and insertion energies of the cargoes, the cargo-free CPPs, and the CPP-cargo complexes, into lipid membranes of varying composition. We also analyze the effect of modifying the type and concentration of anionic lipids, and the implication of these factors on the translocation rate of the CPP-cargo complex. Of particular interest is the evaluation of the catalytic role of palmitic acid (palmitate) as a promoter of the CPP-effect. We also analyse the influence of the size of the cargo on the membrane adsorption and insertion energies. Our results show that the efficiency of nona-arginine as a transmembrane carrier of simple hydrophilic molecules is modulated by the size of the cargo, and is strongly enhanced by increasing the concentration of anionic lipids and of ionized fatty acids in the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías A Via
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, CP5500, Argentina.
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27
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de Jong H, Bonger KM, Löwik DWPM. Activatable cell-penetrating peptides: 15 years of research. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:192-203. [PMID: 34458758 PMCID: PMC8341016 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00114g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An important hurdle for the intracellular delivery of large cargo is the cellular membrane, which protects the cell from exogenous substances. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can cross this barrier but their use as drug delivery vehicles is hampered by their lack of cell type specificity. Over the past years, several approaches have been explored to control the activity of CPPs that can be primed for cellular uptake. Since the first report on such activatable CPPs (ACPPs) in 2004, various methods of activation have been developed. Here, we provide an overview of the different ACPPs strategies known to date and summarize the benefits, drawbacks, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen de Jong
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W P M Löwik
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
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28
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Tian Y, Zhou S. Advances in cell penetrating peptides and their functionalization of polymeric nanoplatforms for drug delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 13:e1668. [PMID: 32929866 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), known as protein translocation domains, have emerged as efficient molecular transporters to overcome biological barriers and deliver cell-impermeable cargoes into cells. The conjugation of CPPs to polymeric nanoplatforms enhances the drug delivery efficiency thus increasing their therapeutic efficacy. However, conventional CPPs are generally lack of cell specificity and could be easily degraded in vivo. These limitations lead to the development of new CPPs with superior properties. To address the issue of cell specificity, activatable CPPs have been designed to be activated at desired site through different stimuli. On the other hand, macrocyclization has been used to constrain linear CPPs into their cyclic forms. This chemical optimization of peptides endows CPPs with enhanced stability and cell permeability. This brief review will cover recent advances in terms of different types of CPPs for enhanced cell penetration. In addition, the modification chemistry used to functionalize polymeric nanoplatforms with CPPs and their recent applications for drug delivery will also be discussed. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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29
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Dodt K, Lamer S, Drießen M, Bölch S, Schlosser A, Lühmann T, Meinel L. Mass-Encoded Reporters Reporting Proteolytic Activity from within the Extracellular Matrix. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5240-5253. [PMID: 33455273 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reporting matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity directly from the extracellular matrix (ECM) may provide critical insights to better characterize 2D and 3D cell culture model systems of inflammatory diseases and potentially leverage in vivo diagnosis. In this proof-of-concept study, we designed MMP-sensors, which were covalently linked onto the ECM by co-administration of the activated transglutaminase factor XIIIa (FXIIIa). Elements of the featured MMP-sensors are the D-domain of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) through which co-administered FXIIIa covalently links the sensor to the ECM followed by an MMP sensitive peptide sequence and locally reporting on MMP activity, an isotopically labeled mass tag encoding for protease activity, and an affinity tag facilitating purification from fluids. All sensors come in identical pairs, other than the MMP sensitive peptide sequence, which is synthesized with l-amino acids or d-amino acids, the latter serving as internal standard. As a proof of concept for multiplexing, we successfully profiled two MMP-sensors with different MMP sensitive peptide sequences reporting MMP activity directly from an engineered 3D ECM. Future use may include covalently ECM bound diagnostic depots reporting MMP activity from inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dodt
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Lamer
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Drießen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bölch
- Department for Orthopedic Surgery, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Brettreichstrasse 11, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
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30
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Wu Y, Zhang F. Exploiting molecular probes to perform near‐infrared fluorescence‐guided surgery. VIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem Fudan University Shanghai China
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31
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Xie J, Bi Y, Zhang H, Dong S, Teng L, Lee RJ, Yang Z. Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases: From Preclinical Research to Clinical Application. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:697. [PMID: 32508641 PMCID: PMC7251059 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides (fewer than 30 amino acids) that have been predominantly used in basic and preclinical research during the last 30 years. Since they are not only capable of translocating themselves into cells but also facilitate drug or CPP/cargo complexes to translocate across the plasma membrane, they have potential applications in the disease diagnosis and therapy, including cancer, inflammation, central nervous system disorders, otologic and ocular disorders, and diabetes. However, no CPPs or CPP/cargo complexes have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Many issues should be addressed before translating CPPs into clinics. In this review, we summarize recent developments and innovations in preclinical studies and clinical trials based on using CPP for improved delivery, which have revealed that CPPs or CPP-based delivery systems present outstanding diagnostic therapeutic delivery potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Bi
- Practice Training Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiyan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lesheng Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Robert J. Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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32
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Redirecting extracellular proteases to molecularly guide radiosensitizing drugs to tumors. Biomaterials 2020; 248:120032. [PMID: 32304937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced cancers are treated with combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy, however curability is poor and treatment side effects severe. Drugs sensitizing tumors to radiotherapy have been developed to improve cell kill, but tumor specificity remains challenging. To achieve tumor selectivity of small molecule radiosensitizers, we tested as a strategy active tumor targeting using peptide-based drug conjugates. We attached an inhibitor of the DNA damage response to antibody or cell penetrating peptides. Antibody drug conjugates honed in on tumor overexpressed cell surface receptors with high specificity but lacked efficacy when conjugated to the DNA damage checkpoint kinase inhibitor AZD7762. As an alternative approach, we synthesized activatable cell penetrating peptide scaffolds that accumulated within tumors based on matrix metalloproteinase cleavage. While matrix metalloproteinases are integral to tumor progression, they have proven therapeutically elusive. We harnessed these pro-tumorigenic extracellular proteases to spatially guide radiosensitizer drug delivery using cleavable activatable cell penetrating peptides. Here, we tested the potential of these two drug delivery platforms targeting distinct tumor compartments in combination with radiotherapy and demonstrate the advantages of protease triggered cell penetrating peptide scaffolds over antibody drug conjugates to deliver small molecule amine radiosensitizers.
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33
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Ward C, Meehan J, Gray ME, Murray AF, Argyle DJ, Kunkler IH, Langdon SP. The impact of tumour pH on cancer progression: strategies for clinical intervention. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2020; 1:71-100. [PMID: 36046070 PMCID: PMC9400736 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of cellular pH is frequent in solid tumours and provides potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention. The acidic microenvironment within a tumour can promote migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells through a variety of mechanisms. Pathways associated with the control of intracellular pH that are under consideration for intervention include carbonic anhydrase IX, the monocarboxylate transporters (MCT, MCT1 and MCT4), the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase proton pump, and the sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1. This review will describe progress in the development of inhibitors to these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Ward
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - James Meehan
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Gray
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG Midlothian, UK
| | - Alan F Murray
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, EH9 3JL Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Argyle
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG Midlothian, UK
| | - Ian H Kunkler
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon P Langdon
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
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34
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Soleimany AP, Bhatia SN. Activity-Based Diagnostics: An Emerging Paradigm for Disease Detection and Monitoring. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:450-468. [PMID: 32359477 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostics to accurately detect disease and monitor therapeutic response are essential for effective clinical management. Bioengineering, chemical biology, molecular biology, and computer science tools are converging to guide the design of diagnostics that leverage enzymatic activity to measure or produce biomarkers of disease. We review recent advances in the development of these 'activity-based diagnostics' (ABDx) and their application in infectious and noncommunicable diseases. We highlight efforts towards both molecular probes that respond to disease-specific catalytic activity to produce a diagnostic readout, as well as diagnostics that use enzymes as an engineered component of their sense-and-respond cascade. These technologies exemplify how integrating techniques from multiple disciplines with preclinical validation has enabled ABDx that may realize the goals of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava P Soleimany
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Wyss Institute at Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Daly HC, Conroy E, Todor M, Wu D, Gallagher WM, O'Shea DF. An EPR Strategy for Bio-responsive Fluorescence Guided Surgery with Simulation of the Benefit for Imaging. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3064-3082. [PMID: 32194855 PMCID: PMC7053210 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful matching of a PEG group size with the EPR effect for an off-to-on responsive NIR-fluorophore conjugate has been accomplished which allows two distinct in vivo tumor imaging periods, the first being the switch on during the initial tumor uptake via enhanced permeability into the ROI (as background is suppressed) and a second, later, due to enhanced retention within the tumor. Methods: Software simulation (https://mihaitodor.github.io/particle_simulation/index.html), synthetic chemistry, with in vitro and in vivo imaging have been synergistically employed to identify an optimal PEG conjugate of a bio-responsive NIR-AZA fluorophore for in vivo tumor imaging. Results: A bio-responsive NIR-AZA fluorophore conjugated to a 10 kDa PEG group has shown excellent in vivo imaging performance with sustained high tumor to background ratios and peak tumor emission within 24 h. Analysis of fluorescence profiles over 7 days has provided evidence for the EPR effect playing a positive role. Conclusion: Preclinical results show that exploiting the EPR effect by utilizing an optimized PEG substituent on a bio-responsive fluorophore may offer a means for intraoperative tumor margin delineation. The off-to-on responsive nature of the fluorophore makes tumor imaging achievable without waiting for clearance from normal tissue.
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36
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Peng Y, Bariwal J, Kumar V, Tan C, Mahato RI. Organic Nanocarriers for Delivery and Targeting of Therapeutic Agents for Cancer Treatment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Jitender Bariwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug DeliveryUniversity of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Ram I. Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
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37
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Chen C, Tian R, Zeng Y, Chu C, Liu G. Activatable Fluorescence Probes for “Turn-On” and Ratiometric Biosensing and Bioimaging: From NIR-I to NIR-II. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:276-292. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361023, China
| | - Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yun Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361023, China
| | - Chengchao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
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38
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Mo S, Zhang X, Hameed S, Zhou Y, Dai Z. Glutathione-responsive disassembly of disulfide dicyanine for tumor imaging with reduction in background signal intensity. Theranostics 2020; 10:2130-2140. [PMID: 32104501 PMCID: PMC7019170 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has been proved as an effective modality in identifying the tumor border and distinguishing the tumor cells from healthy tissue during the oncological surgery. Developing NIR fluorescent probes with high tumor to background (T/B) signal is essential for the complete debulking of the tumor, which will prolong the survival rate of tumor patients. However, the nonspecific binding and "always-on" properties of the conventional fluorescent probes leads to high background signals and poor specificity. Method: To address this problem, glutathione (GSH)-responsive, two disulfide-bonded dicyanine dyes (ss-diCy5 and ss-diNH800CW) were synthesized. As synthesized dyes are quenched under normal physiological conditions, however, once reached to the tumor site, these dyes are capable of emitting strong fluorescence signals primarily because of the cleavage of the disulfide bond in the tumor microenvironment with high GSH concentration. Besides, the GSH-responsive behavior of these dyes was monitored using the UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The diagnostic accuracy of the aforementioned dyes was also tested both in tumor cells and 4T1-bearing mice. Results: The fluorescence signal intensity of disulfide dicyanine dyes was quenched up to 89% compared to the mono cyanine dyes, thus providing a very low fluorescence background. However, when the disulfide dicyanine dye reaches the tumor site, the dicyanine is cleaved by GSH into two mono-dyes with high fluorescence strength, thus producing strong fluorescent signals upon excitation. The fluorescent signal of the dicyanine was enhanced by up to 27-fold after interacting with the GSH solution. In vivo xenografts tumor studies further revealed that the fluorescence signals of aforementioned dyes can be quickly recovered in the solid tumor. Conclusion: In summary, the disulfide dicyanines dyes can provide a promising platform for specific tumor-activatable fluorescence imaging with improved T/B value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyan Mo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sadaf Hameed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Battistella C, Callmann CE, Thompson MP, Yao S, Yeldandi AV, Hayashi T, Carson DA, Gianneschi NC. Delivery of Immunotherapeutic Nanoparticles to Tumors via Enzyme-Directed Assembly. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1901105. [PMID: 31664791 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic diblock copolymers are prepared by ring opening metathesis polymerization, with one block containing hydrophobic Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists and one block containing hydrophilic peptides as substrates for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). A fluorescent label is incorporated into the polymer chains for in vivo imaging. Upon dialysis against aqueous solution, polymers form 15 nm spherical micelles. Subsequent exposure to MMP-9 elicits a morphological change to yield immunostimulatory microscale assemblies. The intravenous (IV) administration of the formulation to mice bearing 4T1 breast cancer tumors results in nanoparticle accumulation in tumors, reduction in primary tumor growth, and inhibition of lung metastases, as compared to saline-treated animals. Mice administered the parent immunotherapeutic small molecule (1V209) experience significantly increased plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IP-10, and MCP-1 at 2 h following IV administration, whereas the nanomaterial shows no increase over saline-treated controls. These data suggest that covalently packaging low molecular weight immunotherapeutics at high weight percent loadings in enzyme-responsive nanoparticles maintains drug efficacy while decreasing immunotoxicity, providing a platform for cancer immunotherapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Battistella
- Departments of ChemistryMaterials Science & EngineeringBiomedical EngineeringInternational Institute for NanotechnologyChemistry of Life Processes InstituteSimpson‐Querrey InstituteLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Cassandra E. Callmann
- Departments of ChemistryMaterials Science & EngineeringBiomedical EngineeringInternational Institute for NanotechnologyChemistry of Life Processes InstituteSimpson‐Querrey InstituteLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- Departments of ChemistryMaterials Science & EngineeringBiomedical EngineeringInternational Institute for NanotechnologyChemistry of Life Processes InstituteSimpson‐Querrey InstituteLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Shiyin Yao
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Anjana V. Yeldandi
- Department of PathologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Tomoko Hayashi
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Dennis A. Carson
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Departments of ChemistryMaterials Science & EngineeringBiomedical EngineeringInternational Institute for NanotechnologyChemistry of Life Processes InstituteSimpson‐Querrey InstituteLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
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Abstract
The integration of drugs into nanocarriers favorably altered their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics compared to free drugs, and increased their therapeutic index. However, selective cellular internalization in diseased tissues rather than normal tissues still presents a formidable challenge. In this chapter I will cover solutions involving environment-responsive cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). I will discuss properties of CPPs as universal cellular uptake enhancers, and the modifications imparted to CPP-modified nanocarriers to confine CPP activation to diseased tissues.
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Choi N, Jeong HS. Precision surgery for cancer: a new surgical concept in individual tumor biology-based image-guided surgery. PRECISION AND FUTURE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.23838/pfm.2019.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Zhang DY, Singhal S, Lee JYK. Optical Principles of Fluorescence-Guided Brain Tumor Surgery: A Practical Primer for the Neurosurgeon. Neurosurgery 2019; 85:312-324. [PMID: 30085129 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyy315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided surgery is a rapidly growing field that has produced some of the most important innovations in surgical oncology in the past decade. These intraoperative imaging technologies provide information distinguishing tumor tissue from normal tissue in real time as the surgery proceeds and without disruption of the workflow. Many of these fluorescent tracers target unique molecular or cellular features of tumors, which offers the opportunity for identifying pathology with high precision to help surgeons achieve their primary objective of a maximal safe resection. As novel fluorophores and fluorescent probes emerge from preclinical development, a practical understanding of the principles of fluorescence remains critical for evaluating the clinical utility of these agents and identifying opportunities for further innovation. In this review, we provide an "in-text glossary" of the fundamental principles of fluorescence with examples of direct applications to fluorescence-guided brain surgery. We offer a detailed discussion of the various advantages and limitations of the most commonly used intraoperative imaging agents, including 5-aminolevulinic acid, indocyanine green, and fluorescein, with a particular focus on the photophysical properties of these specific agents as they provide a framework through which to understand the new agents that are entering clinical trials. To this end, we conclude with a survey of the fluorescent properties of novel agents that are currently undergoing or will soon enter clinical trials for the intraoperative imaging of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Y K Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Yin L, Sun H, Zhao M, Wang A, Qiu S, Gao Y, Ding J, Ji SJ, Shi H, Gao M. Rational Design and Synthesis of a Metalloproteinase-Activatable Probe for Dual-Modality Imaging of Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Vivo. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6126-6133. [PMID: 31012587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis is an important prognostic indicator for cancer progression. It is therefore considerably meaningful to develop molecularly targeted imaging probes for noninvasive and accurate identification of metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) at early stages of tumor metastasis. Herein, we report a novel matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)-activatable probe constructed with a near-infrared dye (Cy5), a quencher (QSY21), and a tumor-targeting peptide cRGD covalently linked through a radionuclide (125I)-labeled peptide substrate for accurate detection of MLNs. Upon cleavage with activated MMP-2, the above probe emitted MMP-2 concentration-dependent near-infrared fluorescence, which allows sensitive and specific visualization of MLNs via both optical and single-photon emission computed tomography imaging techniques. We thus envision that this probe would serve as a useful tool for studying tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jining University , Qufu 273155 , P. R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingyuan Gao
- Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , BeiYiJie 2, Zhong Guan Cun , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
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Cho HJ, Lee S, Park SJ, Lee YD, Jeong K, Park JH, Lee YS, Kim B, Jeong HS, Kim S. Tumor microenvironment-responsive fluorogenic nanoprobe for ratiometric dual-channel imaging of lymph node metastasis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 179:9-16. [PMID: 30928802 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fluorogenic nanoprobes capable of providing microenvironmental information have extensively been developed to improve the diagnostic accuracy for early or metastatic cancer detection. In cancer-associated microenvironment, matrix metalloproteinase-2,9 (MMP-2,9) has drawn attention as a representative enzymatic marker for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of various cancers, which is overexpressed in the primary site as well as metastatic regions. Here, we devised dual-emissive fluorogenic nanoprobe (DFNP) emitting both MMP-2,9-sensitive and insensitive fluorescence signals, for accurate monitoring of the MMP-2,9 activity in metastatic regions. DFNP was nanoscopically constructed by amphiphilic self-assembly between a constantly fluorescent polymer surfactant labeled with Cy7 (F127-Cy7) and an initially nonfluorescent hydrophobic peptide (Cy5.5-MMP-Q) that is fluorogenic in response to MMP-2,9. Ratiometric readout (Cy5.5/Cy7) by dual-channel imaging could normalize the enzyme-responsive sensing signal relative to the constantly emissive internal reference that reflects the probe amount, allowing for semi-quantitative analysis on the MMP-2,9-related tissue microenvironment. In addition to the dual-channel emission, the nanoconstructed colloidal structure of DFNP enabled efficient accumulation to lymph node in vivo. Because of these two colloidal characteristics, when injected intradermally to a mouse model of lymph node metastasis, DFNP could produce reliable ratiometric signals to provide information on the MMP-2,9 activity in the lymph nodes depending on metastatic progression, which corresponded well to the temporal histologic analysis. Furthermore, ratiometric lymph node imaging with DFNP after photodynamic therapy allowed for monitoring a therapeutic response to the given cancer treatment, demonstrating diagnostic and prognostic potential of the nanoconstructed colloidal sensor of tumor microenvironment in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jun Cho
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokyung Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jun Park
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Deok Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunsoo Jeong
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Sik Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sin Jeong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Paired-Agent Fluorescence Molecular Imaging of Sentinel Lymph Nodes Using Indocyanine Green as a Control Agent for Antibody-Based Targeted Agents. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:7561862. [PMID: 30718985 PMCID: PMC6335824 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7561862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Paired-agent molecular imaging methods, which employ coadministration of an untargeted, "control" imaging agent with a targeted agent to correct for nonspecific uptake, have been demonstrated to detect 200 cancer cells in a mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. This study demonstrates that indocyanine green (ICG), which is approved for human use, is an ideal control agent for future paired-agent studies to facilitate eventual clinical translation. Methods The kinetics of ICG were compared with a known ideal control imaging agent, IRDye-700DX-labeled antibody in both healthy and metastatic rat popliteal lymph nodes after coadministration, intradermally in the footpad. Results The kinetics of ICG and antibody-based imaging agent in tumor-free rat lymph nodes demonstrated a strong correlation with each other (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) with a measured binding potential of -0.102 ± 0.03 at 20 min postagent injection, while the kinetics of ICG and targeted imaging agent shows significant separation in the metastatic lymph nodes. Conclusion This study indicated a potential for microscopic sensitivity to cancer spread in sentinel lymph nodes using ICG as a control agent for antibody-based molecular imaging assays.
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Ogata F, Nagaya T, Maruoka Y, Akhigbe J, Meares A, Lucero MY, Satraitis A, Fujimura D, Okada R, Inagaki F, Choyke PL, Ptaszek M, Kobayashi H. Activatable Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Using PEGylated Bacteriochlorin-Based Chlorin and BODIPY-Dyads as Probes for Detecting Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:169-183. [PMID: 30475591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes are attractive tools for biomedical in vivo imaging due to the relatively deeper tissue penetration and lower background autofluorescence. Activatable probes are turned on only after binding to their target, further improving target to background ratios. However, the number of available activatable NIR probes is limited. In this study, we introduce two types of activatable NIR fluorophores derived from bacteriochlorin: chlorin-bacteriochlorin energy-transfer dyads and boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-bacteriochlorin energy-transfer dyads. These fluorophores are characterized by multiple narrow excitation bands with relatively strong emission in the NIR. Targeted bacteriochlorin-based antibody or peptide probes have been previously limited by aggregation after conjugation. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains were added to improve the hydrophilicity without altering pharmacokinetics of the targeting moieties. These PEGylated bacteriochlorin-based activatable fluorophores have potential as targeted activatable, multicolor NIR fluorescent probes for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusa Ogata
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States of America
| | - Tadanobu Nagaya
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States of America
| | - Yasuhiro Maruoka
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States of America
| | - Joshua Akhigbe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 United States of America
| | - Adam Meares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 United States of America
| | - Melissa Y Lucero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 United States of America
| | - Andrius Satraitis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 United States of America
| | - Daiki Fujimura
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States of America
| | - Ryuhei Okada
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States of America
| | - Fuyuki Inagaki
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States of America
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States of America
| | - Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 United States of America
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States of America
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Yao Q, Kou L, Tu Y, Zhu L. MMP-Responsive 'Smart' Drug Delivery and Tumor Targeting. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:766-781. [PMID: 30032745 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are major extracellular enzymes involved in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. MMPs are widely used as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Recently, MMPs have been investigated as robust tumor microenvironmental stimuli for 'smart' MMP-responsive drug delivery and tumor targeting and have shown great potential in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this article, we review the newly emerging MMP-responsive strategies and major MMP-responsive nanomaterials and nanocarriers used for tumor-targeted delivery of drugs and imaging agents at the tissue, cellular, and intracellular levels. We also discuss the challenges and critical considerations in their development and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Longfa Kou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.
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Mochida A, Ogata F, Maruoka Y, Nagaya T, Okada R, Inagaki F, Fujimura D, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Pitfalls on sample preparation for ex vivo imaging of resected cancer tissue using enzyme-activatable fluorescent probes. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36039-36047. [PMID: 30542517 PMCID: PMC6267600 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging-assisted surgery can aid in determining the margins of tumors during surgical resection. While a variety of fluorescent probes have been proposed for this task, small molecule enzyme-activatable fluorescent probes are ideal for this application. They are quickly activated at tumor sites and result in bright signal with little background, resulting in high sensitivity. Testing in resected specimens, however, can be difficult. Enzymes are usually stable after freezing and thawing but catalytic reactions are generally temperature-dependent. Therefore, tissue sample temperature should be carefully considered. In this study two enzyme activatable probes, γ-glutamylhydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu-HMRG) that reacted with γ-glutamyltransferase and SPiDER-βGal that reacted with β-galactosidase, were employed to determine the effects of temperature on fluorescence signal kinetics in both fresh and frozen and then thawed ex vivo experimental ovarian cancer tissue samples. The results suggest γ-glutamyltransferase was less sensitive to temperature than β-galactosidase. Fresh samples showed higher fluorescence signals of gGlu-HMRG compared with thawed samples likely because the freeze-thaw cycle decreased the rate of internalization of the activated probe into the lysosome. In contrast, no significant difference of SPiDER-βGal fluorescence signal was observed between fresh and frozen tissues. In conclusion, although imaging of fresh samples at 37°C is the best condition for both probes, successful imaging with gGlu-HMRG could be achieved even at room temperature with thawed samples. We demonstrate that temperature regulation and tissue handling of resected tissue are two pitfalls that may influence ex vivo imaging signals with enzyme-activatable fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Mochida
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fusa Ogata
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yasuhiro Maruoka
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tadanobu Nagaya
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ryuhei Okada
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fuyuki Inagaki
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daiki Fujimura
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Hingorani DV, Lippert CN, Crisp JL, Savariar EN, Hasselmann JPC, Kuo C, Nguyen QT, Tsien RY, Whitney MA, Ellies LG. Impact of MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzyme activity on wound healing, tumor growth and RACPP cleavage. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198464. [PMID: 30248101 PMCID: PMC6152858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP-2/-9) are key tissue remodeling enzymes that have multiple overlapping activities critical for wound healing and tumor progression in vivo. To overcome issues of redundancy in studying their functions in vivo, we created MMP-2/-9 double knockout (DKO) mice in the C57BL/6 background to examine wound healing. We then bred the DKO mice into the polyomavirus middle T (PyVmT) model of breast cancer to analyze the role of these enzymes in tumorigenesis. Breeding analyses indicated that significantly fewer DKO mice were born than predicted by Mendelian genetics and weaned DKO mice were growth compromised compared with wild type (WT) cohorts. Epithelial wound healing was dramatically delayed in adult DKO mice and when the DKO was combined with the PyVmT oncogene, we found that the biologically related process of mammary tumorigenesis was inhibited in a site-specific manner. To further examine the role of MMP-2/-9 in tumor progression, tumor cells derived from WT or DKO PyVmT transgenic tumors were grown in WT or DKO mice. Ratiometric activatable cell penetrating peptides (RACPPs) previously used to image cancer based on MMP-2/-9 activity were used to understand differences in MMP activity in WT or knockout syngeneic tumors in WT and KO animals. Analysis of an MMP-2 selective RACPP in WT or DKO mice bearing WT and DKO PyVmT tumor cells indicated that the genotype of the tumor cells was more important than the host stromal genotype in promoting MMP-2/-9 activity in the tumors in this model system. Additional complexities were revealed as the recruitment of host macrophages by the tumor cells was found to be the source of the tumor MMP-2/-9 activity and it is evident that MMP-2/-9 from both host and tumor is required for maximum signal using RACPP imaging for detection. We conclude that in the PyVmT model, the majority of MMP-2/-9 activity in mammary tumors is associated with host macrophages recruited into the tumor rather than that produced by the tumor cells themselves. Thus therapies that target tumor-associated macrophage functions have the potential to slow tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina V. Hingorani
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Csilla N. Lippert
- Department of Pharmacology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Crisp
- Department of Pharmacology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Christopher Kuo
- Department of Pathology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Quyen T. Nguyen
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Roger Y. Tsien
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Whitney
- Department of Pharmacology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Lesley G. Ellies
- Department of Pathology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
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Mahalingam SM, Chu H, Liu X, Leamon CP, Low PS. Carbonic Anhydrase IX-Targeted Near-Infrared Dye for Fluorescence Imaging of Hypoxic Tumors. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3320-3331. [PMID: 30185025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Use of tumor-targeted fluorescence dyes to help surgeons identify otherwise undetected tumor nodules, decrease the incidence of cancer-positive margins, and facilitate localization of malignant lymph nodes has demonstrated considerable promise for improving cancer debulking surgery. Unfortunately, the repertoire of available tumor-targeted fluorescent dyes does not permit identification of all cancer types, raising the need to develop additional tumor-specific fluorescent dyes to ensure localization of all malignant lesions during cancer surgeries. By comparing the mRNA levels of the hypoxia-induced plasma membrane protein carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) in 13 major human cancers with the same mRNA levels in corresponding normal tissues, we document that CA IX constitutes a nearly universal marker for the design of tumor-targeted fluorescent dyes. Motivated by this expression profile, we synthesize two new CA IX-targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging agents and characterize their physical and biological properties both in vitro and in vivo. We report that conjugation of either acetazolamide or 6-aminosaccharin (i.e., two CA-IX-specific ligands) to the NIR fluorescent dye, S0456, via an extended phenolic spacer creates a brightly fluorescent dye that binds CA IX with high affinity and allows rapid visualization of hypoxic regions of solid tumors at depths >1 cm beneath a tissue surface. Taken together, these data suggest that a CA IX-targeted NIR dye can constitute a useful addition to a cocktail of tumor-targeted NIR dyes designed to image all human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haiyan Chu
- Endocyte Inc. , 3000 Kent Avenue , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| | | | - Christopher P Leamon
- Endocyte Inc. , 3000 Kent Avenue , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
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