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Xie Z, Yun Y, Yu G, Zhang X, Zhang H, Wang T, Zhang L. Bacillus subtilis alleviates excessive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in intrauterine growth restriction suckling piglets via the members of Bcl-2 and caspase families. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38597265 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestine is a barrier resisting various stress responses. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can cause damage to the intestinal barrier via destroying the balance of intestinal epithelial cells' proliferation and apoptosis. Bacillus subtilis has been reported to regulate intestinal epithelial cells' proliferation and apoptosis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if B. subtilis could regulate intestinal epithelial cells' proliferation and apoptosis in intrauterine growth restriction suckling piglets. RESULTS Compared with the normal birth weight group, the IUGR group showed greater mean optical density values of Ki-67-positive cells in the ileal crypt (P < 0.05). IUGR resulted in higher ability of proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, by upregulation of the messenger RNA (mRNA) or proteins expression of leucine rich repeat containing G protein coupled receptor 5, Caspase-3, Caspase-7, β-catenin, cyclinD1, B-cell lymphoma-2 associated agonist of cell death, and BCL2 associated X (P < 0.05), and downregulation of the mRNA or protein expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 and B-cell lymphoma-2-like 1 (P < 0.05). However, B. subtilis supplementation decreased the mRNA or proteins expression of leucine rich repeat containing G protein coupled receptor 5, SPARC related modular calcium binding 2, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19, cyclinD1, Caspase-7, β-catenin, B-cell lymphoma-2 associated agonist of cell death, and Caspase-3 (P < 0.05), and increased the mRNA expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION IUGR led to excessive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, which induced compensatory proliferation. However, B. subtilis treatment prevented intestinal epithelial cells of IUGR suckling piglets from excessive apoptosis. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechen Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ge Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Sinha S, Hembram KC, Chatterjee S. Targeting signaling pathways in cancer stem cells: A potential approach for developing novel anti-cancer therapeutics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 385:157-209. [PMID: 38663959 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as prime players in the intricate landscape of cancer development, progression, and resistance to traditional treatments. These unique cellular subpopulations own the remarkable capability of self-renewal and differentiation, giving rise to the diverse cellular makeup of tumors and fostering their recurrence following conventional therapies. In the quest for developing more effective cancer therapeutics, the focus has now shifted toward targeting the signaling pathways that govern CSCs behavior. This chapter underscores the significance of these signaling pathways in CSC biology and their potential as pivotal targets for the development of novel chemotherapy approaches. We delve into several key signaling pathways essential for maintaining the defining characteristics of CSCs, including the Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, JAK-STAT, NF-κB pathways, among others, shedding light on their potential crosstalk. Furthermore, we highlight the latest advancements in CSC-targeted therapies, spanning from promising preclinical models to ongoing clinical trials. A comprehensive understanding of the intricate molecular aspects of CSC signaling pathways and their manipulation holds the prospective to revolutionize cancer treatment paradigms. This, in turn, could lead to more efficacious and personalized therapies with the ultimate goal of eradicating CSCs and enhancing overall patient outcomes. The exploration of CSC signaling pathways represents a key step towards a brighter future in the battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Sinha
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Subhajit Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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Doloi R, Gupta SM. MicroRNAs: The key players regulating the crosstalk between Hippo and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in breast cancer. Life Sci 2023; 329:121980. [PMID: 37516428 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Breast Cancer has the highest burden in females worldwide and is predicted to increase by many folds with increasing lifestyle related risk factors, genetic mutations, and an aging population. The Hippo signalling and Wnt signalling pathways were identified as important signal transducers involved in maintaining organ development, tissue homeostasis, cell proliferation and apoptosis. microRNAs are short nucleotide sequences which act as regulatory components driving signal transductions in most cancers and can serve as both diagnostic and prognostic markers. Several reports have implicated that deregulated Hippo as well as Wnt signalling mediated by miRNAs together drive tumorigenesis, metastases and chemoresistance in breast cancer. Recent evidences on a crosstalk between Hippo and Wnt components elucidated how these pathways might be synchronized to have overlapping functions to promote tumorigenesis. Since miRNAs are demonstrated to target most of the components in both the pathways, in this review, we talk about the crosstalk between Hippo and Wnt signalling pathways and the potential microRNAs that might regulate the interplay between the two pathways in breast cancer, which has not been explored earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Doloi
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Sadhana M Gupta
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH), Mumbai 400012, India.
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4
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Kariri YA, Joseph C, Alsaleem MA, Elsharawy KA, Alsaeed S, Toss MS, Mongan NP, Green AR, Rakha EA. Mechanistic and Clinical Evidence Supports a Key Role for Cell Division Cycle Associated 5 (CDCA5) as an Independent Predictor of Outcome in Invasive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225643. [PMID: 36428736 PMCID: PMC9688237 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell Division Cycle Associated 5 (CDCA5) plays a role in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway involving cell division, cancer cell migration and apoptosis. This study aims to assess the prognostic and biological value of CDCA5 in breast cancer (BC). METHODS The biological and prognostic value of CDCA5 were evaluated at mRNA (n = 5109) and protein levels (n = 614) utilizing multiple well-characterized early stage BC cohorts. The effects of CDCA5 knockdown (KD) on multiple oncogenic assays were assessed in vitro using a panel of BC cell lines. RESULTS this study examined cohorts showed that high CDCA5 expression was correlated with features characteristic of aggressive behavior and poor prognosis, including the presence of high grade, large tumor size, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), hormone receptor negativity and HER2 positivity. High CDCA5 expression, at both mRNA and protein levels, was associated with shorter BC-specific survival independent of other variables (p = 0.034, Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.6, 95% CI; 1.1-2.3). In line with the clinical data, in vitro models indicated that CDCA5 depletion results in a marked decrease in BC cell invasion and migration abilities and a significant accumulation of the BC cells in the G2/M-phase. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that CDCA5 plays an important role in BC development and metastasis and could be used as a potential biomarker to predict disease progression in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousif A. Kariri
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chitra Joseph
- School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Mansour A. Alsaleem
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Applied Medical Science, Applied College, Qassim University, Unayzah 56435, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khloud A. Elsharawy
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Sami Alsaeed
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 73244, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael S. Toss
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Nigel P. Mongan
- Biodiscovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew R. Green
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +44-0115-9691169; Fax: +44-0115-9627768
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Manni W, Min W. Signaling pathways in the regulation of cancer stem cells and associated targeted therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e176. [PMID: 36226253 PMCID: PMC9534377 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subpopulation of malignant tumor cells with selective capacities for tumor initiation, self-renewal, metastasis, and unlimited growth into bulks, which are believed as a major cause of progressive tumor phenotypes, including recurrence, metastasis, and treatment failure. A number of signaling pathways are involved in the maintenance of stem cell properties and survival of CSCs, including well-established intrinsic pathways, such as the Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog signaling, and extrinsic pathways, such as the vascular microenvironment and tumor-associated immune cells. There is also intricate crosstalk between these signal cascades and other oncogenic pathways. Thus, targeting pathway molecules that regulate CSCs provides a new option for the treatment of therapy-resistant or -refractory tumors. These treatments include small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies that target key signaling in CSCs, as well as CSC-directed immunotherapies that harness the immune systems to target CSCs. This review aims to provide an overview of the regulating networks and their immune interactions involved in CSC development. We also address the update on the development of CSC-directed therapeutics, with a special focus on those with application approval or under clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Manni
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Wu Min
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksNorth DakotaUSA
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6
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Ibragimova M, Tsyganov M, Litviakov N. Tumour Stem Cells in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095058. [PMID: 35563449 PMCID: PMC9099719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour stem cells (CSCs) are a self-renewing population that plays important roles in tumour initiation, recurrence, and metastasis. Although the medical literature is extensive, problems with CSC identification and cancer therapy remain. This review provides the main mechanisms of CSC action in breast cancer (BC): CSC markers and signalling pathways, heterogeneity, plasticity, and ecological behaviour. The dynamic heterogeneity of CSCs and the dynamic transitions of CSC− non-CSCs and their significance for metastasis are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ibragimova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5, Kooperativny Street, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (M.T.); (N.L.)
- Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moscow Tract, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Matvey Tsyganov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5, Kooperativny Street, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (M.T.); (N.L.)
| | - Nikolai Litviakov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5, Kooperativny Street, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (M.T.); (N.L.)
- Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moscow Tract, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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7
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HER2-CDH1 Interaction via Wnt/B-Catenin Is Associated with Patients' Survival in HER2-Positive Metastatic Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051266. [PMID: 35267574 PMCID: PMC8909509 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in gastric cacner (GC) pathologenesis would help the identification of prognostic biomarkers and the development of new treatments. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/ErbB2), a membrane-bound receptor of the EGFR family, may be overexpressed in GC. Trastuzumab is a HER2 inhibitor used to treat HER2+ metastatic gastric cancer (mGC). The present study aims to investigate the relationship between CDH1 mRNA expression and HER2-positivity in mGC using a multiplexed gene expression profile in two series of GC patients: 38 HER2+ and HER2- mGC and 36 HER2- GC with and without metastasis. Our results revealed the relationship between CDH1 and HER2 mRNA expression in mGC via the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and identified EGF as an independent prognostic biomarker for survival. Abstract Trastuzumab is a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitor used to treat HER2+ metastatic gastric cancer (mGC). The present study aims to investigate the relationship between CDH1 mRNA expression and HER2-positivity in mGC using a multiplexed gene expression profile in two series of gastric cancer (GC): Series 1 (n = 38): HER2+ and HER2- mGC; Series 2 (n = 36) HER2- GC with and without metastasis. To confirm the results, the same expression profiles were analyzed in 354 GC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The difference in gene expression connected HER2 overexpression with canonical wingless-type (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway and immunohistochemical (IHC) expression loss of E-cadherin (E-CAD). CDH1 mRNA expression was simultaneously associated with the rs16260-A variant and an increase in E-CAD expression. Differences in retinoic acid receptor alfa (RARA), RPL19 (coding for the 60S ribosomal L19 protein), catenin delta 1 (CTNND1), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) mRNA levels—all included in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway—were found associated with overall survival (OS). RARA, CTNND1, and EGF resulted in independent OS prognostic factors. EGF was confirmed as an independent factor along with TNM stage in HER2-overpressed mGC from TCGA collection. Our study highlighted factors involved in the WNT/β-catenin pathway that interconnected E-CAD with HER2 overexpression and patient survival.
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8
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Kariri Y, Toss MS, Alsaleem M, Elsharawy KA, Joseph C, Mongan NP, Green AR, Rakha EA. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C) is a poor prognostic biomarker in invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 192:529-539. [PMID: 35124721 PMCID: PMC8960565 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C) is essential for the ubiquitin–proteasome system and is involved in cancer cell migration and apoptosis. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of UBE2C in invasive breast cancer (BC).
Methods
UBE2C was evaluated using the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (n = 1980), The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 854) and Kaplan–Meier Plotter (n = 3951) cohorts. UBE2C protein expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry in the BC cohort (n = 619). The correlation between UBE2C, clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome was assessed.
Results
High UBE2C mRNA and protein expressions were correlated with features of poor prognosis, including high tumour grade, large size, the presence of lymphovascular invasion, hormone receptor negativity and HER2 positivity. High UBE2C mRNA expression showed a negative association with E-cadherin, and a positive association with adhesion molecule N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinases and cyclin-related genes. There was a positive correlation between high UBE2C protein expression and cell cycle-associated biomarkers, p53, Ki67, EGFR and PI3K. High UBE2C protein expression was an independent predictor of poor outcome (p = 0.011, HR = 1.45, 95% CI; 1.10–1.93).
Conclusion
This study indicates that UBE2C is an independent prognostic biomarker in BC. These results warrant further functional validation for UBE2C as a potential therapeutic target in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousif Kariri
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University, 33, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael S Toss
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mansour Alsaleem
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Applied Medical Science, Applied Collage in Unazyzah, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khloud A Elsharawy
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, 34517, Egypt
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Biodiscovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Andrew R Green
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
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9
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Scerri J, Scerri C, Schäfer-Ruoff F, Fink S, Templin M, Grech G. PKC-mediated phosphorylation and activation of the MEK/ERK pathway as a mechanism of acquired trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1010092. [PMID: 36329884 PMCID: PMC9623415 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein expression, activation and stability are regulated through inter-connected signal transduction pathways resulting in specific cellular states. This study sought to differentiate between the complex mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired trastuzumab resistance, by quantifying changes in expression and activity of proteins (phospho-protein profile) in key signal transduction pathways, in breast cancer cellular models of trastuzumab resistance. To this effect, we utilized a multiplex, bead-based protein assay, DigiWest®, to measure around 100 proteins and protein modifications using specific antibodies. The main advantage of this methodology is the quantification of multiple analytes in one sample, utilising input volumes of a normal western blot. The intrinsically trastuzumab-resistant cell line JIMT-1 showed the largest number of concurrent resistance mechanisms, including PI3K/Akt and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK activation, β catenin stabilization by inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β, cell cycle progression by Rb suppression, and CREB-mediated cell survival. MAPK (ERK) pathway activation was common to both intrinsic and acquired resistance cellular models. The overexpression of upstream RAS/RAF, however, was confined to JIMT 1; meanwhile, in a cellular model of acquired trastuzumab resistance generated in this study (T15), entry into the ERK pathway seemed to be mostly mediated by PKCα activation. This is a novel observation and merits further investigation that can lead to new therapeutic combinations in HER2-positive breast cancer with acquired therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanesse Scerri
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Christian Scerri
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Felix Schäfer-Ruoff
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Simon Fink
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Markus Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Godfrey Grech
- Department of Pathology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- *Correspondence: Godfrey Grech,
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β-Catenin-CCL2 feedback loop mediates crosstalk between cancer cells and macrophages that regulates breast cancer stem cells. Oncogene 2021; 40:5854-5865. [PMID: 34345015 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Though advances in diagnosis and treatment have prolonged overall survival (OS) for patients with breast cancer, metastasis remains the major obstacles to improved survival for breast cancer patients. The existence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is a major reason underlying cancer metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, understanding the molecular pathways sustaining BCSC properties and targeting BCSCs will ultimately improve breast cancer treatments. In this study, we found that activation of β-Catenin directly regulated CCL2 expression at the transcriptional level, and in turn promoted macrophages infiltration and M2 polarization. Moreover, macrophages co-cultured with breast cancer cells showed a significant increase in CCL2 expression and promoted β-Catenin-induced BCSCs properties, whereas depletion of CCL2 by adding neutralizing antibodies suppressed BSCSs properties. In addition, we found that β-Catenin-mediated CCL2 secretion recruited macrophages into tumor microenvironment and promoted breast cancer growth and metastasis in vivo. Clinically, we observed a significant positive correlation between β-Catenin, CCL2 and CD163 expression, and increased expression of β-Catenin, CCL2 and CD163 predicted poor prognosis in breast cancer. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of CCR2 and β-Catenin synergistically suppressed BCSC properties and breast cancer growth. Collectively, our findings suggested that β-Catenin-mediated CCL2 secretion forms a paracrine feedback loop between breast cancer cells and macrophages, which in turn promotes BCSC properties and supports breast cancer growth and metastasis. Targeting β-Catenin/CCL2 signaling might be an effective strategy for breast cancer therapy.
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11
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Wang Y, Liang Q, Lei K, Zhu Q, Zeng D, Liu Y, Lu Y, Kang T, Tang N, Huang L, Ye L, Tang D, Zhu C. Targeting MEX3A attenuates metastasis of breast cancer via β-catenin signaling pathway inhibition. Cancer Lett 2021; 521:50-63. [PMID: 34425185 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of mortality in patients with breast cancer. Understanding the metastatic mechanism to guide clinical diagnoses and the treatment of breast cancer remains a challenge. We found that the expression of Mex-3 RNA binding family member A (MEX3A) was upregulated significantly and related to tumor grade in breast cancer. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies showed that knockdown of MEX3A inhibited the metastasis and impaired the stemness of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, activation of the β-catenin signaling pathway was discovered as a molecular intermediate of MEX3A-mediated regulation. We also found that ectopic expression of β-catenin restored the migration ability, invasion ability, and CD44+/CD24- percentage of MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells when MEX3A was depleted. In addition, we revealed that MEX3A positively regulated the expression of β-catenin by downregulating Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 (DKK1) expression. Therefore, a previously undiscovered role of MEX3A comprising a critical contribution to promoting metastasis and maintaining the stemness of breast cancer via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was demonstrated in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Kefeng Lei
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Delong Zeng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingsi Lu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Tingting Kang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Nannan Tang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lifen Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Ye
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Di Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengming Zhu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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12
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Samra YA, Abdelghany AM, Zaghloul RA. Polydatin gold nanoparticles potentiate antitumor effect of doxorubicin in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22869. [PMID: 34339076 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death. Anticancer treatment such as gold nanoparticles (AuNP) seems highly promising in this regard. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the beneficial effect of doxorubicin (Dox) and polydatin (PD) AuNP in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and the ability of PD-AuNP to protect the heart from Dox's deteriorating effects. EAC was induced in mice. The mice were divided into nine groups: normal, EAC, PD: received PD (20 mg/kg), Dox: received Dox (2 mg/kg), PD-AuNPH: received 10 ppm AuNP of PD, PD-AuNPL: received 5 ppm AuNP of PD, Dox-AuNP: received Dox-AuNP, PD-Dox-AuNP: received PD-Dox-AuNP, AuNP: received AuNP. On the 21st day from tumor inoculation, the mice were sacrificed and tumor and heart tissues were removed. Tumor β-catenin/Cyclin D1 and p53 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. IL-6 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PD-AuNP and Dox-AuNP showed a significant reduction in tumor volume and weight more than their free forms. Also, PD-AuNP and Dox-AuNP showed markedly less dense tumor cells. β-catenin and Cyclin D1 were markedly decreased and p53 was highly upregulated by PD-AuNP and Dox-AuNP. Moreover, PD-AuNP and Dox-AuNP have the ability to decrease IL-6 production. PD-AuNP protected the heart from Dox-induced severe degeneration. Therefore, PD-AuNP could be a tool to decelerate the progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara A Samra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amr M Abdelghany
- Department of Spectroscopy, Physics Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.,Basic Science Department, Horus University, New Damietta, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Randa A Zaghloul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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13
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Waddell AR, Huang H, Liao D. CBP/p300: Critical Co-Activators for Nuclear Steroid Hormone Receptors and Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Prostate and Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2872. [PMID: 34201346 PMCID: PMC8229436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The CREB-binding protein (CBP) and p300 are two paralogous lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) that were discovered in the 1980s-1990s. Since their discovery, CBP/p300 have emerged as important regulatory proteins due to their ability to acetylate histone and non-histone proteins to modulate transcription. Work in the last 20 years has firmly established CBP/p300 as critical regulators for nuclear hormone signaling pathways, which drive tumor growth in several cancer types. Indeed, CBP/p300 are critical co-activators for the androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in prostate and breast cancer, respectively. The AR and ER are stimulated by sex hormones and function as transcription factors to regulate genes involved in cell cycle progression, metabolism, and other cellular functions that contribute to oncogenesis. Recent structural studies of the AR/p300 and ER/p300 complexes have provided critical insights into the mechanism by which p300 interacts with and activates AR- and ER-mediated transcription. Breast and prostate cancer rank the first and forth respectively in cancer diagnoses worldwide and effective treatments are urgently needed. Recent efforts have identified specific and potent CBP/p300 inhibitors that target the acetyltransferase activity and the acetytllysine-binding bromodomain (BD) of CBP/p300. These compounds inhibit AR signaling and tumor growth in prostate cancer. CBP/p300 inhibitors may also be applicable for treating breast and other hormone-dependent cancers. Here we provide an in-depth account of the critical roles of CBP/p300 in regulating the AR and ER signaling pathways and discuss the potential of CBP/p300 inhibitors for treating prostate and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R. Waddell
- UF Health Cancer Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Florida College of Medicine, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Haojie Huang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Daiqing Liao
- UF Health Cancer Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Florida College of Medicine, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
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14
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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Development of a Cancer Stem Cell Microenvironment Niche and Potential Therapeutic Targets: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102435. [PMID: 34069860 PMCID: PMC8157362 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells that possess traits usually attributed to stem cells. An increase in CSCs can lead to more rapid cancer progression, treatment resistance and the increased likelihood of recurrence. To promote CSC survival and associated cancer progression, cancer cells enter into reciprocal crosstalk with the surrounding tissue environment, as well as with distant metastatic sites. This mechanism of communication relies, in part, on secreted factors, of which extracellular vesicles (EVs) are thought to have a critical role. This systematic review evaluates the current knowledge of cancer communication via EVs to alter the microenvironment to increase the survival and maintenance of CSCs. A total of 16 studies spanning the EV content, pathway alterations and CSC-targeting treatments provide new insights into how EVs mediate CSC traits and identify the gaps in our understanding of how modulation of the microenvironment plays a key role. Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have increasingly been shown to be a crucial element of heterogenous tumors. Although a relatively small component of the population, they increase the resistance to treatment and the likelihood of recurrence. In recent years, it has been shown, across multiple cancer types (e.g., colorectal, breast and prostate), that reciprocal communication between cancer and the microenvironment exists, which is, in part, facilitated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, the mechanisms of this method of communication and its influence on CSC populations is less well-understood. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to determine the evidence that supports the role of EVs in the manipulation of the tumor microenvironment to promote the survival of CSCs. Embase and PubMed were used to identify all studies on the topic, which were screened using PRISMA guidelines, resulting in the inclusion of 16 studies. These 16 studies reported on the EV content, pathways altered by EVs and therapeutic targeting of CSC through EV-mediated changes to the microenvironment. In conclusion, these studies demonstrated the role of EV-facilitated communication in maintaining CSCs via manipulation of the tumor microenvironment, demonstrating the potential of creating therapeutics to target CSCs. However, further works are needed to fully understand the targetable mechanisms upon which future therapeutics can be based.
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15
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Xiao B, Zuo D, Hirukawa A, Cardiff RD, Lamb R, Sonenberg N, Muller WJ. Rheb1-Independent Activation of mTORC1 in Mammary Tumors Occurs through Activating Mutations in mTOR. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107571. [PMID: 32348753 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a master modulator of cellular growth, and its aberrant regulation is recurrently documented within breast cancer. While the small GTPase Rheb1 is the canonical activator of mTORC1, Rheb1-independent mechanisms of mTORC1 activation have also been reported but have not been fully understood. Employing multiple transgenic mouse models of breast cancer, we report that ablation of Rheb1 significantly impedes mammary tumorigenesis. In the absence of Rheb1, a block in tumor initiation can be overcome by multiple independent mutations in Mtor to allow Rheb1-independent reactivation of mTORC1. We further demonstrate that the mTOR kinase is indispensable for tumor initiation as the genetic ablation of mTOR abolishes mammary tumorigenesis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that mTORC1 activation is indispensable for mammary tumor initiation and that tumors acquire alternative mechanisms of mTORC1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Dongmei Zuo
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Alison Hirukawa
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Robert D Cardiff
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - William J Muller
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.
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16
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Park KC, Paluncic J, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Pharmacological targeting and the diverse functions of the metastasis suppressor, NDRG1, in cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 157:154-175. [PMID: 31132412 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) is a potent metastasis suppressor that is regulated by hypoxia, metal ions including iron, the free radical nitric oxide (NO.), and various stress stimuli. This intriguing molecule exhibits diverse functions in cancer, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration and angiogenesis by modulation of a plethora of oncogenes via cellular signaling. Thus, pharmacological targeting of NDRG1 signaling in cancer is a promising therapeutic strategy. Of note, novel anti-tumor agents of the di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazone series, which exert the "double punch" mechanism by binding metal ions to form redox-active complexes, have been demonstrated to markedly up-regulate NDRG1 expression in cancer cells. This review describes the mechanisms underlying NDRG1 modulation by the thiosemicarbazones and the diverse effects NDRG1 exerts in cancer. As a major induction mechanism, iron depletion appears critical, with NO. also inducing NDRG1 through its ability to bind iron and generate dinitrosyl-dithiol iron complexes, which are then effluxed from cells. Apart from its potent anti-metastatic role, several studies have reported a pro-oncogenic role of NDRG1 in a number of cancer-types. Hence, it has been suggested that NDRG1 plays pleiotropic roles depending on the cancer-type. The molecular mechanism(s) underlying NDRG1 pleiotropy remain elusive, but are linked to differential regulation of WNT signaling and potentially differential interaction with the tumor suppressor, PTEN. This review discusses NDRG1 induction mechanisms by metal ions and NO. and both the anti- and possible pro-oncogenic functions of NDRG1 in multiple cancer-types and compares the opposite effects this protein exerts on cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Jasmina Paluncic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
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17
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Ghandadi M, Valadan R, Mohammadi H, Akhtari J, Khodashenas S, Ashari S. Wnt-β-catenin Signaling Pathway, the Achilles' Heels of Cancer Multidrug Resistance. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4192-4207. [PMID: 31721699 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191112142943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the anticancer chemotherapies are hampered via the development of multidrug resistance (MDR), which is the resistance of tumor cells against cytotoxic effects of multiple chemotherapeutic agents. Overexpression and/or over-activation of ATP-dependent drug efflux transporters is a key mechanism underlying MDR development. Moreover, enhancement of drug metabolism, changes in drug targets and aberrant activation of the main signaling pathways, including Wnt, Akt and NF-κB are also responsible for MDR. METHODS In this study, we have reviewed the roles of Wnt signaling in MDR as well as its potential therapeutic significance. Pubmed and Scopus have been searched using Wnt, β-catenin, cancer, MDR and multidrug resistance as keywords. The last search was done in March 2019. Manuscripts investigating the roles of Wnt signaling in MDR or studying the modulation of MDR through the inhibition of Wnt signaling have been involved in the study. The main focus of the manuscript is regulation of MDR related transporters by canonical Wnt signaling pathway. RESULT AND CONCLUSION Wnt signaling has been involved in several pathophysiological states, including carcinogenesis and embryonic development. Wnt signaling is linked to various aspects of MDR including P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein 1 regulation through its canonical pathways. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β- catenin signaling leads to the induction of cancer MDR mainly through the overexpression and/or over-activation of MDR related transporters. Accordingly, Wnt/β-catenin signaling can be a potential target for modulating cancer MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Ghandadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Valadan
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center (MCBRC), Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of toxicology and pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Javad Akhtari
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center (MCBRC), Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shabanali Khodashenas
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sorour Ashari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of toxicology and pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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18
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Simond AM, Muller WJ. In vivo modeling of the EGFR family in breast cancer progression and therapeutic approaches. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:189-228. [PMID: 32593401 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modeling breast cancer through the generation of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) has become the gold standard in the study of human breast cancer. Notably, the in vivo modeling of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family has been key to the development of therapeutics and has helped better understand the signaling pathways involved in cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. The HER2/ErbB2 receptor is a member of the EGFR family and 20% of breast cancers are found to belong in the HER2-positive histological subtype. Historical and more recent advances in the field have shaped our understanding of HER2-positive breast cancer signaling and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Simond
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William J Muller
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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19
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Breast Cancer: A Molecularly Heterogenous Disease Needing Subtype-Specific Treatments. Med Sci (Basel) 2020; 8:E18. [PMID: 32210163 PMCID: PMC7151639 DOI: 10.3390/medsci8010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women. There were over two-million new cases in world in 2018. It is the second leading cause of death from cancer in western countries. At the molecular level, breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, which is characterized by high genomic instability evidenced by somatic gene mutations, copy number alterations, and chromosome structural rearrangements. The genomic instability is caused by defects in DNA damage repair, transcription, DNA replication, telomere maintenance and mitotic chromosome segregation. According to molecular features, breast cancers are subdivided in subtypes, according to activation of hormone receptors (estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor), of human epidermal growth factors receptor 2 (HER2), and or BRCA mutations. In-depth analyses of the molecular features of primary and metastatic breast cancer have shown the great heterogeneity of genetic alterations and their clonal evolution during disease development. These studies have contributed to identify a repertoire of numerous disease-causing genes that are altered through different mutational processes. While early-stage breast cancer is a curable disease in about 70% of patients, advanced breast cancer is largely incurable. However, molecular studies have contributed to develop new therapeutic approaches targeting HER2, CDK4/6, PI3K, or involving poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for BRCA mutation carriers and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (E.P.)
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20
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Singh AP, Umbarkar P, Guo Y, Force T, Gupte M, Lal H. Inhibition of GSK-3 to induce cardiomyocyte proliferation: a recipe for in situ cardiac regeneration. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:20-30. [PMID: 30321309 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With an estimated 38 million current patients, heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the aetiology differs, HF is largely a disease of cardiomyocyte (CM) death or dysfunction. Due to the famously limited amount of regenerative capacity of the myocardium, the only viable option for advanced HF patients is cardiac transplantation; however, donor's hearts are in very short supply. Thus, novel regenerative strategies are urgently needed to reconstitute the injured hearts. Emerging data from our lab and others have elucidated that CM-specific deletion of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 family of kinases induces CM proliferation, and the degree of proliferation is amplified in the setting of cardiac stress. If this proliferation is sufficiently robust, one could induce meaningful regeneration without the need for delivering exogenous cells to the injured myocardium (i.e. cardiac regeneration in situ). Herein, we will discuss the emerging role of the GSK-3s in CM proliferation and differentiation, including their potential implications in cardiac regeneration. The underlying molecular interactions and cross-talk among signalling pathways will be discussed. We will also review the specificity and limitations of the available small molecule inhibitors targeting GSK-3 and their potential applications to stimulate the endogenous cardiac regenerative responses to repair the injured heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Prakash Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, Suite PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, Suite PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yuanjun Guo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, Suite PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas Force
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, Suite PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manisha Gupte
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, Suite PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, Suite PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA
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21
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Ram Makena M, Gatla H, Verlekar D, Sukhavasi S, K Pandey M, C Pramanik K. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling: The Culprit in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4242. [PMID: 31480221 PMCID: PMC6747343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is responsible for 7.3% of all cancer deaths. Even though there is a steady increase in patient survival for most cancers over the decades, the patient survival rate for pancreatic cancer remains low with current therapeutic strategies. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway controls the maintenance of somatic stem cells in many tissues and organs and is implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis by regulating cell cycle progression, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, stemness, tumor immune microenvironment, etc. Further, dysregulated Wnt has been shown to cause drug resistance in pancreatic cancer. Although different Wnt antagonists are effective in pancreatic patients, limitations remain that must be overcome to increase the survival benefits associated with this emerging therapy. In this review, we have summarized the role of Wnt signaling in pancreatic cancer and suggested future directions to enhance the survival of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monish Ram Makena
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Himavanth Gatla
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Dattesh Verlekar
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Sahithi Sukhavasi
- Center for Distance Learning, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Kartick C Pramanik
- Department of Basic Sciences, Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Pikeville, Pikeville, KY 41501, USA.
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22
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Lukaszewicz AI, Nguyen C, Melendez E, Lin DP, Teo JL, Lai KKY, Huttner WB, Shi SH, Kahn M. The Mode of Stem Cell Division Is Dependent on the Differential Interaction of β-Catenin with the Kat3 Coactivators CBP or p300. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070962. [PMID: 31324005 PMCID: PMC6678591 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal long-term repopulating somatic stem cells (SSCs) preferentially divide asymmetrically, with one daughter cell remaining in the niche and the other going on to be a transient amplifying cell required for generating new tissue in homeostatic maintenance and repair processes, whereas cancer stem cells (CSCs) favor symmetric divisions. We have previously proposed that differential β-catenin modulation of transcriptional activity via selective interaction with either the Kat3 coactivator CBP or its closely related paralog p300, regulates symmetric versus asymmetric division in SSCs and CSCs. We have previously demonstrated that SSCs that divide asymmetrically per force retain one of the dividing daughter cells in the stem cell niche, even when treated with specific CBP/β-catenin antagonists, whereas CSCs can be removed from their niche via forced stochastic symmetric differentiative divisions. We now demonstrate that loss of p73 in early corticogenesis biases β-catenin Kat3 coactivator usage and enhances β-catenin/CBP transcription at the expense of β-catenin/p300 transcription. Biased β-catenin coactivator usage has dramatic consequences on the mode of division of neural stem cells (NSCs), but not neurogenic progenitors. The observed increase in symmetric divisions due to enhanced β-catenin/CBP interaction and transcription leads to an immediate increase in NSC symmetric differentiative divisions. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that the complex phenotype caused by the loss of p73 can be rescued in utero by treatment with the small-molecule-specific CBP/β-catenin antagonist ICG-001. Taken together, our results demonstrate the causal relationship between the choice of β-catenin Kat3 coactivator and the mode of stem cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes I Lukaszewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Cu Nguyen
- Center for Molecular Pathways and Drug Discovery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Elizabeth Melendez
- Center for Molecular Pathways and Drug Discovery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David P Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jia-Ling Teo
- Center for Molecular Pathways and Drug Discovery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Keane K Y Lai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wieland B Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Song-Hai Shi
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael Kahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- Center for Molecular Pathways and Drug Discovery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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He L, Lv Y, Song Y, Zhang B. The prognosis comparison of different molecular subtypes of breast tumors after radiotherapy and the intrinsic reasons for their distinct radiosensitivity. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5765-5775. [PMID: 31303789 PMCID: PMC6612049 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s213663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy can increase the cell cycle arrest that promotes apoptosis, reduces the risk of tumor recurrence and has become an irreplaceable component of systematic treatment for patients with breast cancer. Substantial advances in precise radiotherapy unequivocally indicate that the benefits of radiotherapy vary depending on intrinsic subtypes of the disease; luminal A breast cancer has the highest benefit whereas human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are affected to a lesser extent irrespective of the selection of radiotherapy strategies, such as conventional whole-breast irradiation (CWBI), accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI), and hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation (HWBI). The benefit disparity correlates with the differential invasiveness, malignance, and radiosensitivity of the subtypes. A combination of a number of molecular mechanisms leads to the strong radioresistant profile of HER2-positive breast cancer, and sensitization to irradiation can be induced by multiple drugs or compounds in luminal disease and TNBC. In this review, we aimed to summarize the prognostic differences between various subtypes of breast tumors after CWBI, APBI, and HWBI, the potential reasons for drug-enhanced radiosensitivity in luminal breast tumors and TNBC, and the robust radioresistance of HER2-positive cancer. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/ugTrSMuQVI8
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Breast Center B Ward, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Oncology, The PLA Navy Anqing Hospital, Anqing, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Song
- Breast Center B Ward, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Timmermans-Sprang EPM, Mestemaker HM, Steenlage RR, Mol JA. Dasatinib inhibition of cSRC prevents the migration and metastasis of canine mammary cancer cells with enhanced Wnt and HER signalling. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:413-426. [PMID: 31069942 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) overexpression leads to aggressive mammary tumour growth. Although the prognosis of HER2+ tumours in humans is greatly improved using biologicals, therapy resistance, which may be caused by increased phosphatidyl-3-kinase (PI3K), rous sarcoma proto-oncogene (cSRC) or wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) activity, is a major concern. A recent analysis of 12 canine mammary cell lines showed an association between HER2/3 overexpression and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) deletion with elevated Wnt-signalling. Wnt-activity appeared to be insensitive to phosphatidyl-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors but sensitive to Src-I1. We hypothesized that Wnt activation, was caused by HER2/3-activated cSRC activation. The role of HER2/3 on Wnt signalling was investigated by silencing HER2/3 expression using specific small interfering RNA (siRNAs). Next, the effect of an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor on Wnt activity and migration was investigated and compared to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of related signalling pathways. Finally, two TKIs, a cSRC and a PI3K inhibitor, were investigated in a zebrafish xenograft model. Silencing of HER1-3 did not inhibit the intrinsic high Wnt activity, whereas the HER kinase inhibitor afatinib showed enhanced Wnt activity. The strongest inhibition of Wnt activity and cell viability and migration was shown by cSRC inhibitors, which also showed strong inhibition of cell viability and metastasis in a zebrafish xenograft model. HER2/3 overexpression or HER2/3-induced cSRC activation is not the cause of enhanced Wnt activity. However, inhibition of cSRC resulted in a strong inhibition of Wnt activity and cell migration and metastasis. Further studies are needed to unravel the mechanism of cSRC activation and cSRC inhibition to restore sensitivity to HER-inhibitors in HER2/3-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena M Mestemaker
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renske R Steenlage
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Mol
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Timmermans-Sprang E, Collin R, Henkes A, Philipsen M, Mol JA. P-cadherin mutations are associated with high basal Wnt activity and stemness in canine mammary tumor cell lines. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2930-2946. [PMID: 31105876 PMCID: PMC6508207 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To find underlying mutations causing highly-activated Wnt activity in mammary tumor cell lines associated with rounded morphology indicative of stemness/EMT. Methods: Stemness of high Wnt cell lines was confirmed using qPCR on selected genes and microRNA profiling, followed by whole-exome sequencing of 3 high Wnt canine mammary tumor cell lines and 5 low/absent Wnt cell lines. Candidate genes were identified and their involvement in Wnt activity investigated using siRNA silencing. Results: The high Wnt cell lines had morphological and gene expression characteristics reminiscent of stemness. All individual cell lines had about 4000 mutations in the exome in comparison to the reference canine genome. The three high basal Wnt cell lines had 167 unique exome mutations. Seven of these mutations resulted in a SIFT score <0.2 of proteins related to Wnt signaling. However, gene silencing did not change the Wnt pathway activation. Renewed analysis with respect to putative relations to Wnt signaling revealed that P-cadherin (CDH3) had three mutations in the coding region of the extracellular domain and was associated with high Wnt signaling. Silencing by siRNA not only in lowered Wnt activity, but also decreased levels of phosphorylated cSRC and sP-cad, and changed cell morphology towards spindle cell appearance. Conclusion: It is concluded that expression of mutated CDH3 is associated with activation of cSRC, stabilization of ß-catenin and a rounded morphology related to a stemness/EMT phenotype. A decreased Wnt activity can be found also by cSRC inhibition, but CDH3 silencing has an additional effect on morphology indicating reversal of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpetra Timmermans-Sprang
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Collin
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Henkes
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Philipsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A. Mol
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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The LIM domain binding protein 1, Ldb1, has distinct roles in Neu-induced mammary tumorigenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1590-1597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Dittmer J. Breast cancer stem cells: Features, key drivers and treatment options. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:59-74. [PMID: 30059727 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The current view is that breast cancer is a stem cell disease characterized by the existence of cancer cells with stem-like features and tumor-initiating potential. These cells are made responsible for tumor dissemination and metastasis. Common therapies by chemotherapeutic drugs fail to eradicate these cells and rather increase the pool of cancer stem cells in tumors, an effect that may increase the likelyhood of recurrence. Fifteen years after the first evidence for a small stem-like subpopulation playing a major role in breast cancer initiation has been published a large body of knowledge has been accumulated regarding the signaling cascades and proteins involved in maintaining stemness in breast cancer. Differences in the stem cell pool size and in mechanisms regulating stemness in the different breast cancer subtypes have emerged. Overall, this knowledge offers new approaches to intervene with breast cancer stem cell activity. New options are particularly needed for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer subtype, which is particularly rich in cancer stem cells and is also the subtype for which specific therapies are still not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
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Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Combined with Biological Validation Reveals Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Contributing to Trastuzumab Resistance in Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071981. [PMID: 29986466 PMCID: PMC6073113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to trastuzumab, which specifically target HER2-positive breast and gastric cancer, can develop ultimately in cancer patients. However, the underlying mechanisms of resistance in gastric cancer have not been fully elucidated. Here, we established trastuzumab-resistant MKN45 and NCI N87 gastric cancer sublines from their parental cells. The resistant cells exhibited characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and acquired higher migratory and invasive capacities. To exploit the activated pathways and develop new strategies to overcome trastuzumab resistance, we investigated MKN45 and MKN45/R cells via label-free quantitative proteomics, and found pathways that were altered significantly in MKN45/R cells, with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway being the most significant. We further confirmed the activation of this pathway by detecting its key molecules in MKN45/R and NCI N87/R cells via Western blot, in which Wnt3A, FZD6, and CTNNB1 increased, whereas GSK-3β decreased, manifesting the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Correspondingly, inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway by ICG-001, a specific Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, preferentially reduced proliferation and invasion of trastuzumab-resistant cells and reversed EMT. Concurringly, CTNNB1 knockdown in stable cell lines potently sensitized cells to trastuzumab and induced more apoptosis. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway mediates trastuzumab resistance, and the combination of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors with trastuzumab may be an effective treatment option.
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Feng Y, Spezia M, Huang S, Yuan C, Zeng Z, Zhang L, Ji X, Liu W, Huang B, Luo W, Liu B, Lei Y, Du S, Vuppalapati A, Luu HH, Haydon RC, He TC, Ren G. Breast cancer development and progression: Risk factors, cancer stem cells, signaling pathways, genomics, and molecular pathogenesis. Genes Dis 2018; 5:77-106. [PMID: 30258937 PMCID: PMC6147049 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide, breast cancer poses a formidable public health challenge on a global scale. Breast cancer consists of a group of biologically and molecularly heterogeneous diseases originated from the breast. While the risk factors associated with this cancer varies with respect to other cancers, genetic predisposition, most notably mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene, is an important causative factor for this malignancy. Breast cancers can begin in different areas of the breast, such as the ducts, the lobules, or the tissue in between. Within the large group of diverse breast carcinomas, there are various denoted types of breast cancer based on their invasiveness relative to the primary tumor sites. It is important to distinguish between the various subtypes because they have different prognoses and treatment implications. As there are remarkable parallels between normal development and breast cancer progression at the molecular level, it has been postulated that breast cancer may be derived from mammary cancer stem cells. Normal breast development and mammary stem cells are regulated by several signaling pathways, such as estrogen receptors (ERs), HER2, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, which control stem cell proliferation, cell death, cell differentiation, and cell motility. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that epigenetic regulations and noncoding RNAs may play important roles in breast cancer development and may contribute to the heterogeneity and metastatic aspects of breast cancer, especially for triple-negative breast cancer. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the molecular, cellular and genetic aspects of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Departments of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burn, and Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mia Spezia
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shifeng Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Departments of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burn, and Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Three Gorges University School of Medicine, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Zongyue Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Linghuan Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ji
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Departments of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burn, and Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bo Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wenping Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Departments of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burn, and Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yan Lei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Departments of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burn, and Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Scott Du
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Student Inquiry Research Program, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA), Aurora, IL 60506, USA
| | - Akhila Vuppalapati
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Student Inquiry Research Program, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA), Aurora, IL 60506, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Departments of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burn, and Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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HER2 reduces breast cancer radiosensitivity by activating focal adhesion kinase in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45186-45198. [PMID: 27286256 PMCID: PMC5216715 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is involved in the radiation response to breast cancer. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated if HER2 overexpression is associated with radiosensitivity of breast cancer. We constructed breast cancer cell lines differing in HER2 expression by transducing HER2 cDNA or short hairpin RNA against HER2. We then assessed the radiosensitivity and investigated the potential mechanism by using cell proliferation assay, cell adhesion assays, anoikis assays, colony formation assays, and western blotting analyses. We found that HER2 introduction in breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (low HER2 expression) and MDA-MB-231 (HER2 is not expressed) promoted cell proliferation and invasion and enhanced cell adhesion and resistance to anoikis. Moreover, HER2 reduced radiosensitivity in these two cells compared with the corresponding control. The opposite results were observed when HER2 was silenced in breast cancer cell lines ZR-7530 and SK-BR-3 (both cells with high expression of HER2) using HER2 shRNA. In addition, animal experiment results showed HER2 could enhance the radioresistance of xenograft tumors. Further studies showed HER2 promoted the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (Fak) and thereby up-regulated the expression of proteins associated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition such as Claudin-1, ZO-1, and ZEB-1. The inhibition of Fak activity using the Fak inhibitor (PF-562281) restored the radiosensitivity in HER2-overexpressing cells. In conclusion, HER2 reduces the radiosensitivity of breast cancer by activating Fak in vitro and in vivo. Fak might be a potential target for the radiosensitization of HER2-overexpressed breast cancer.
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Krishnamurthy N, Kurzrock R. Targeting the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in cancer: Update on effectors and inhibitors. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 62:50-60. [PMID: 29169144 PMCID: PMC5745276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 682] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is a family of proteins that is implicated in many vital cellular functions such as stem cell regeneration and organogenesis. Several intra-cellular signal transduction pathways are induced by Wnt, notably the Wnt/beta-catenin dependent pathway or canonical pathway and the non-canonical or beta-catenin-independent pathway; the latter includes the Wnt/Ca2+ and Planar Cell Polarity pathway (PCP). Wnt activation occurs at the intestinal crypt floor, and is critical to optimal maintenance of stem cells. Colorectal cancers show evidence of Wnt signaling pathway activation and this is associated with loss of function of the tumor regulator APC. Wnt activation has been observed in breast, lung, and hematopoietic malignancies and contributes to tumor recurrence. The Wnt pathway cross talks with the Notch and Sonic Hedgehog pathways, which has implications for therapeutic interventions in cancers. There are significant challenges in targeting the Wnt pathway, including finding agents that are efficacious without damaging the system of normal somatic stem cell function in cellular repair and tissue homeostasis. Here, we comprehensively review the Wnt pathway and its interactions with the Notch and Sonic Hedgehog pathways. We present the state of the field in effectors and inhibitors of Wnt signaling, including updates on clinical trials in various cancers with inhibitors of Wnt, Notch, and Sonic Hedgehog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Krishnamurthy
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Monastyrskyi A, Nilchan N, Quereda V, Noguchi Y, Ruiz C, Grant W, Cameron M, Duckett D, Roush W. Development of dual casein kinase 1δ/1ε (CK1δ/ε) inhibitors for treatment of breast cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:590-602. [PMID: 29289448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Casein kinase 1δ/ε have been identified as promising therapeutic target for oncology application, including breast and brain cancer. Here, we described our continued efforts in optimization of a lead series of purine scaffold inhibitors that led to identification of two new CK1δ/ε inhibitors 17 and 28 displaying low nanomolar values in antiproliferative assays against the human MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cell line and have physical, in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties suitable for use in proof of principle animal xenograft studies against human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Monastyrskyi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Napon Nilchan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Victor Quereda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Yoshihiko Noguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Claudia Ruiz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Wayne Grant
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Michael Cameron
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Derek Duckett
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - William Roush
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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Shi Z, Zhou H, Pan B, Lu L, Wei Z, Shi L, Yao X, Kang Y, Feng S. Exploring the key genes and pathways of osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis using a gene expression microarray. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7423-7431. [PMID: 28944885 PMCID: PMC5865874 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a common and highly malignant tumour in children and teenagers that is characterized by drug resistance and high metastatic potential. Patients often develop pulmonary metastasis and have a low survival rate. However, the mechanistic basis for pulmonary metastasis remains unclear. To identify key gene and pathways associated with pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma, the authors downloaded the gene expression dataset GSE85537 and obtained the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by analyzing high-throughput gene expression in primary tumours and lung metastases. Subsequently, the authors performed gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analyses and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and analyzed by Cytoscape software. In total, 2,493 genes were identified as DEGs. Of these, 485 genes (19.45%) were upregulated, and the remaining 2,008 genes (80.55%) were downregulated. The authors identified the predominant GO categories and KEGG pathways that were significantly over-represented in the metastatic OS samples compared with the non-metastatic OS samples. A PPI network was constructed, and the results indicated that ALB, EGFR, INS, IL6, CDH1, FYN, ERBB2, IL8, CXCL12 and RAC2 were the top 10 core genes. The enrichment analyses of the genes involved in the top three significant modules demonstrated that the DEGs were principally related to neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, the Rap1 signaling pathway, and protein digestion and absorption. Together, these data elucidated the molecular mechanisms of OS patients with pulmonary metastasis and provide potential therapeutic targets. However, further experimental studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongju Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Kwon MJ, Kim RN, Song K, Jeon S, Jeong HM, Kim JS, Han J, Hong S, Oh E, Choi JS, An J, Pollack JR, Choi YL, Park CK, Shin YK. Genes co-amplified with ERBB2 or MET as novel potential cancer-promoting genes in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:92209-92226. [PMID: 29190909 PMCID: PMC5696175 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), one of the most common cancers worldwide, has a high mortality rate due to limited treatment options. Identifying novel and promising molecular targets is a major challenge that must be overcome if treatment of advanced GC is to be successful. Here, we used comparative genomic hybridization and gene expression microarrays to examine genome-wide DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) and global gene expression in 38 GC samples from old and young patients. We identified frequent CNAs, which included copy number gains on chromosomes 3q, 7p, 8q, 20p, and 20q and copy number losses on chromosomes 19p and 21p. The most frequently gained region was 7p21.1 (55%), whereas the most frequently deleted region was 21p11.1 (50%). Recurrent highly amplified regions 17q12 and 7q31.1-7q31.31 harbored two well-known oncogenes: ERBB2 and MET. Correlation analysis of CNAs and gene expression levels identified CAPZA2 (co-amplified with MET) and genes GRB7, MIEN1, PGAP3, and STARD3 (co-amplified with ERBB2) as potential candidate cancer-promoting genes (CPGs). Public dataset analysis confirmed co-amplification of these genes with MET or ERBB2 in GC tissue samples, and revealed that high expression (except for PGAP3) was significantly associated with shorter overall survival. Knockdown of these genes using small interfering RNA led to significant suppression of GC cell proliferation and migration. Reduced GC cell proliferation mediated by CAPZA2 knockdown was attributable to attenuated cell cycle progression and increased apoptosis. This study identified novel candidate CPGs co-amplified with MET or ERBB2, and suggests that they play a functional role in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ryong Nam Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Song
- R&D center, ABION Inc., Guro-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sinyoung Jeon
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Min Jeong
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Seok Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinil Han
- Gencurix, Inc., Guro-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungyoul Hong
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ensel Oh
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Choi
- The Center for Anti-cancer Companion Diagnostics, Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungsuk An
- Department of Pathology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jonathan R Pollack
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Keun Park
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,The Center for Anti-cancer Companion Diagnostics, Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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35
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Vergara D, Stanca E, Guerra F, Priore P, Gaballo A, Franck J, Simeone P, Trerotola M, De Domenico S, Fournier I, Bucci C, Salzet M, Giudetti AM, Maffia M. β-Catenin Knockdown Affects Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Lipid Metabolism in Breast Cancer Cells. Front Physiol 2017; 8:544. [PMID: 28798698 PMCID: PMC5529387 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
β-catenin plays an important role as regulatory hub in several cellular processes including cell adhesion, metabolism, and epithelial mesenchymal transition. This is mainly achieved by its dual role as structural component of cadherin-based adherens junctions, and as a key nuclear effector of the Wnt pathway. For this dual role, different classes of proteins are differentially regulated via β-catenin dependent mechanisms. Here, we applied a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach to identify proteins modulated after β-catenin knockdown in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. We used a label free analysis to compare trypsin-digested proteins from CTR (shCTR) and β-catenin knockout cells (shβcat). This led to the identification of 98 differentially expressed proteins, 53 of them were up-regulated and 45 down-regulated. Loss of β-catenin induced morphological changes and a significant modulation of the expression levels of proteins associated with primary metabolic processes. In detail, proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle were found to be down-regulated, whereas proteins associated to lipid metabolism were found up-regulated in shβcat compared to shCTR. A loss of mitochondrial mass and membrane potential was also assessed by fluorescent probes in shβcat cells with respect to the controls. These data are consistent with the reduced expression of transcriptional factors regulating mitochondrial biogenesis detected in shβcat cells. β-catenin driven metabolic reprogramming resulted also in a significant modulation of lipogenic enzyme expression and activity. Compared to controls, β-catenin knockout cells showed increased incorporation of [1-14C]acetate and decreased utilization of [U-14C]glucose for fatty acid synthesis. Our data highlight a role of β-catenin in the regulation of metabolism and energy homeostasis in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of SalentoLecce, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Proteomic, "Giovanni Paolo II" HospitalLecce, Italy
| | - Eleonora Stanca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of SalentoLecce, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Proteomic, "Giovanni Paolo II" HospitalLecce, Italy
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of SalentoLecce, Italy
| | - Paola Priore
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of NanotechnologyLecce, Italy
| | | | - Julien Franck
- University of Lille, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISMLille, France
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Unit of Cytomorphology, CeSI-MeT and Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio"Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Trerotola
- Unit of Cancer Pathology, CeSI-MeT and Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio"Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Isabelle Fournier
- University of Lille, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISMLille, France
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of SalentoLecce, Italy
| | - Michel Salzet
- University of Lille, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISMLille, France
| | - Anna M Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of SalentoLecce, Italy
| | - Michele Maffia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of SalentoLecce, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Proteomic, "Giovanni Paolo II" HospitalLecce, Italy
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36
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Casado-Díaz A, Anter J, Müller S, Winter P, Quesada-Gómez JM, Dorado G. Transcriptomic analyses of the anti-adipogenic effects of oleuropein in human mesenchymal stem cells. Food Funct 2017; 8:1254-1270. [PMID: 28243663 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00045f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil has positive effects on health. Oleuropein is a polyphenolic compound present in olive-tree leaves, fruits (olives) and olive oil. It is responsible for the relevant organoleptic and biological properties of olive oil, including antiadipogenic properties. Thus, the effects of oleuropein on the adipogenesis of human bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells were studied by transcriptomics and differential gene-expression analyses. Oleuropein could upregulate expression of 60% of adipogenesis-repressed genes. Besides, it could activate signaling pathways such as Rho and β-catenin, maintaining cells at an undifferentiated stage. Our data suggest that mitochondrial activity is reduced by oleuropein, mostly during adipogenic differentiation. These results shed light on oleuropein activity on cells, with potential application as a "nutraceutical" for the prevention and treatment of diseases such as obesity and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain. and CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Spain
| | - Jaouad Anter
- Dep. Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales C5-1-O1, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sören Müller
- GenXPro, Altenhoferallee 3, 60438 Frankfurt Main, Germany
| | - Peter Winter
- GenXPro, Altenhoferallee 3, 60438 Frankfurt Main, Germany
| | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain. and CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain and CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Spain
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37
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Reduced E-Cadherin and Aberrant β-Catenin Expression are Associated With Advanced Disease in Signet-Ring Cell Carcinomas. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2017; 25:432-438. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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38
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Zeng S, Seifert AM, Zhang JQ, Cavnar MJ, Kim TS, Balachandran VP, Santamaria-Barria JA, Cohen NA, Beckman MJ, Medina BD, Rossi F, Crawley MH, Loo JK, Maltbaek JH, Besmer P, Antonescu CR, DeMatteo RP. Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Contributes to Tumor Malignancy and Is Targetable in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1954-1966. [PMID: 28611108 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common type of sarcoma and usually harbors either a KIT or PDGFRA mutation. However, the molecular basis for tumor malignancy is not well defined. Although the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is important in a variety of cancers, its role in GIST is uncertain. Through analysis of nearly 150 human GIST specimens, we found that some human GISTs expressed β-catenin and contained active, dephosphorylated nuclear β-catenin. Furthermore, advanced human GISTs expressed reduced levels of the Wnt antagonist DKK4. Accordingly, in human GIST T1 cells, Wnt stimulation increased β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity in a reporter assay as well as transcription of the downstream target genes Axin2 and CCND1 In contrast, DKK4 overexpression in GIST T1 cells reduced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, we showed that nuclear β-catenin stability was partially regulated by the E3 ligase COP1, as demonstrated with coimmunoprecipitation and COP1 knockdown. Three molecular inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway demonstrated antitumor efficacy in various GIST models, both in vitro and in vivo Notably, the tankyrase inhibitor G007-LK alone had substantial activity against tumors of genetically engineered KitV558Δ/+ mice, and the effect was increased by the addition of the Kit inhibitor imatinib mesylate. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a novel therapeutic target for selected untreated or imatinib-resistant GISTs. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1954-66. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Adrian M Seifert
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Q Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Cavnar
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vinod P Balachandran
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Noah A Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Beckman
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin D Medina
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ferdinand Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Megan H Crawley
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer K Loo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joanna H Maltbaek
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter Besmer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ronald P DeMatteo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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39
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Chikh A, Ferro R, Abbott JJ, Piñeiro R, Buus R, Iezzi M, Ricci F, Bergamaschi D, Ostano P, Chiorino G, Lattanzio R, Broggini M, Piantelli M, Maffucci T, Falasca M. Class II phosphoinositide 3-kinase C2β regulates a novel signaling pathway involved in breast cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18325-45. [PMID: 26934321 PMCID: PMC4951291 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that the enzymes phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) have a key role in the development and progression of many cancer types and indeed PI3Ks inhibitors are currently being tested in clinical trials. Although eight distinct PI3K isoforms exist, grouped into three classes, most of the evidence currently available are focused on one specific isoform with very little known about the potential role of the other members of this family in cancer. Here we demonstrate that the class II enzyme PI3K-C2β is overexpressed in several human breast cancer cell lines and in human breast cancer specimens. Our data indicate that PI3K-C2β regulates breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo and that PI3K-C2β expression in breast tissues is correlated with the proliferative status of the tumor. Specifically we show that downregulation of PI3K-C2β in breast cancer cell lines reduces colony formation, induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits tumor growth, in particular in an estrogen-dependent in vivo xenograft. Investigation of the mechanism of the PI3K-C2β-dependent regulation of cell cycle progression and cell growth revealed that PI3K-C2β regulates cyclin B1 protein levels through modulation of microRNA miR-449a levels. Our data further demonstrate that downregulation of PI3K-C2β inhibits breast cancer cell invasion in vitro and breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Consistent with this, PI3K-C2β is highly expressed in lymph-nodes metastases compared to matching primary tumors. These data demonstrate that PI3K-C2β plays a pivotal role in breast cancer progression and in metastasis development. Our data indicate that PI3K-C2β may represent a key molecular switch that regulates a rate-limiting step in breast tumor progression and therefore it may be targeted to limit breast cancer spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Chikh
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK
| | - Riccardo Ferro
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK
| | - Jonathan J Abbott
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK
| | - Roberto Piñeiro
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK
| | - Richard Buus
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK
| | - Manuela Iezzi
- Aging Research Centre (Ce.S.I.), Foundation University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Ricci
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Bergamaschi
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo and Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo and Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Aging Research Centre (Ce.S.I.), Foundation University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Broggini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Piantelli
- Aging Research Centre (Ce.S.I.), Foundation University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Tania Maffucci
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK
| | - Marco Falasca
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK.,Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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40
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Rosenberg LH, Cleveland JL, Roush WR, Duckett DR. CK1δ: an exploitable vulnerability in breast cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 4:474. [PMID: 28090530 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.12.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research, Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Derek R Duckett
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps Florida, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
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41
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β-Catenin haploinsufficiency promotes mammary tumorigenesis in an ErbB2-positive basal breast cancer model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E707-E716. [PMID: 28096336 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1610383114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of β-catenin through its activity as a transcription factor has been observed in a large proportion of human malignancies. Despite the improved understanding of the β-catenin signaling pathway over the past three decades, attempts to develop therapies targeting β-catenin remain challenging, and none of these targeted therapies have advanced to the clinic. In this study, we show that part of the challenge in antagonizing β-catenin is caused by its dual functionality as a cell adhesion molecule and a signaling molecule. In a mouse model of basal ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ErbB2)-positive breast cancer (ErbB2KI), which exhibits aberrant β-catenin nuclear signaling, β-catenin haploinsufficiency induced aggressive tumor formation and metastasis by promoting the disruption of adherens junctions, dedifferentiation, and an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcriptional program. In contrast to the accelerated tumor onset observed in the haploid-insufficient ErbB2 tumors, deletion of both β-catenin alleles in the ErbB2KI model had only a minor impact on tumor onset that further correlated with the retention of normal adherens junctions. We further showed that retention of adherens junctional integrity was caused by the up-regulation of the closely related family member plakoglobin (γ-catenin) that maintained both adherens junctions and the activation of Wnt target genes. In contrast to the ErbB2KI basal tumor model, modulation of β-catenin levels had no appreciable impact on tumor onset in an ErbB2-driven model of luminal breast cancer [murine mammary tumor virus promoter (MMTV-NIC)]. These observations argue that the balance of junctional and nuclear β-catenin activity has a profound impact on tumor progression in this basal model of ErbB2-positive breast cancer.
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Wellberg EA, Johnson S, Finlay-Schultz J, Lewis AS, Terrell KL, Sartorius CA, Abel ED, Muller WJ, Anderson SM. The glucose transporter GLUT1 is required for ErbB2-induced mammary tumorigenesis. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:131. [PMID: 27998284 PMCID: PMC5168867 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0795-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered tumor cell metabolism is an emerging hallmark of cancer; however, the precise role for glucose in tumor initiation is not known. GLUT1 (SLC2A1) is expressed in breast cancer cells and is likely responsible for avid glucose uptake observed in established tumors. We have shown that GLUT1 was necessary for xenograft tumor formation from primary mammary cells transformed with the polyomavirus middle-T antigen but that it was not necessary for growth after tumors had formed in vivo, suggesting a differential requirement for glucose depending on the stage of tumorigenesis. METHODS To determine whether GLUT1 is required early during mammary tumorigenesis, we crossed MMTV-NIC mice, which express activated HER2/NEU/ERBB2 and Cre recombinase, to Slc2a1 Flox/Flox (GLUT1Flox/Flox) mice to generate NIC-GLUT1+/+, NIC-GLUT1Flox/+, and NIC-GLUT1Flox/Flox mice. In addition, we evaluated effects of glucose restriction or GLUT1 inhibition on transformation in MCF10A-ERBB2 breast epithelial cells in three-dimensional culture. Finally, we utilized global gene expression profiling data of primary human breast tumors to determine the relationship between SLC2A1 and stage of tumorigenesis. RESULTS All of the NIC-GLUT1+/+ mice developed tumors in less than 200 days. In contrast, only 1 NIC-GLUT1Flox/Flox mouse and 1 NIC-GLUT1Flox/+ mouse developed mammary tumors, even after 18 months. Mammary gland development was not disrupted in NIC mice lacking GLUT1; however, epithelial content of mature glands was reduced compared to NIC-GLUT1Flox/+ mice. In MCF10A-ERBB2 cells, glucose restriction or GLUT1 inhibition blocked transformation induced by activated ERBB2 through reduced cell proliferation. In human breast cancers, SLC2A1 was higher in ductal carcinoma in situ compared to the normal breast, but lower in invasive versus in situ lesions, suggesting the requirement for GLUT1 decreases as tumors progress. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a strict requirement for GLUT1 in the early stages of mammary tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. While metabolic adaptation has emerged as a hallmark of cancer, our data indicate that early tumor cells rely heavily on glucose and highlight the potential for glucose restriction as a breast cancer preventive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, MS 8401, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Box 8104, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Stevi Johnson
- Department of Pathology, MS 8401, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Box 8104, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jessica Finlay-Schultz
- Department of Pathology, MS 8401, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Box 8104, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Andrew S Lewis
- Department of Pathology, MS 8401, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Box 8104, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kristina L Terrell
- Department of Pathology, MS 8401, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Box 8104, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Carol A Sartorius
- Department of Pathology, MS 8401, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Box 8104, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, MS 8401, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - William J Muller
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A3, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Steven M Anderson
- Department of Pathology, MS 8401, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Box 8104, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Program in Cancer Biology, MS 8401, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Program in Molecular Biology, MS 8401, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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43
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Rosenberg LH, Lafitte M, Quereda V, Grant W, Chen W, Bibian M, Noguchi Y, Fallahi M, Yang C, Chang JC, Roush WR, Cleveland JL, Duckett DR. Therapeutic targeting of casein kinase 1δ in breast cancer. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:318ra202. [PMID: 26676609 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac8773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Identification of specific drivers of human cancer is required to instruct the development of targeted therapeutics. We demonstrate that CSNK1D is amplified and/or overexpressed in human breast tumors and that casein kinase 1δ (CK1δ) is a vulnerability of human breast cancer subtypes overexpressing this kinase. Specifically, selective knockdown of CK1δ, or treatment with a highly selective and potent CK1δ inhibitor, triggers apoptosis of CK1δ-expressing breast tumor cells ex vivo, tumor regression in orthotopic models of triple-negative breast cancer, including patient-derived xenografts, and tumor growth inhibition in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2(+)) breast cancer models. We also show that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a hallmark of human tumors overexpressing CK1δ, that disabling CK1δ blocks nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and T cell factor transcriptional activity, and that constitutively active β-catenin overrides the effects of inhibition or silencing of CK1δ. Thus, CK1δ inhibition represents a promising strategy for targeted treatment in human breast cancer with Wnt/β-catenin involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Rosenberg
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA. Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Marie Lafitte
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Victor Quereda
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Wayne Grant
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Weimin Chen
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Mathieu Bibian
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Noguchi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Mohammad Fallahi
- Informatics Core, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Chunying Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA. Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jenny C Chang
- Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, P21-34, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA. Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Derek R Duckett
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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44
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Frequent inactivation of MCC/CTNNBIP1 and overexpression of phospho-beta-catenin(Y654) are associated with breast carcinoma: Clinical and prognostic significance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1472-84. [PMID: 27208794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional activation of β-catenin is a hallmark of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. The MCC (Mutated in colorectal cancers) and CTNNBIP1 (catenin, beta interacting protein 1) are two candidate genes which inhibit the transcriptional activity of nuclear β-catenin. The importance of MCC and CTNNBIP1 in breast cancer (BC) development has not yet been studied in detail. For this reason, in present study, the alterations (deletion/methylation/mutation/expression) of MCC and CTNNBIP1 were analyzed in BC of Indian patients (N=120) followed by expression/mutation analysis of β-catenin. Then transcriptional activity of β-catenin was checked by expression analysis of its target genes (EGFR, C-MYC and CCND1) in the same set of samples. Frequent methylation (44-45%) than deletion (20-32%) with overall alterations of 52-55% was observed in MCC/CTNNBIP1 in the BC samples. The alterations of MCC/CTNNBIP1 showed significant correlation with increased nuclear β-catenin/p-β-catenin(Y654) expression. Also, a significant correlation was seen between nuclear β-catenin expression and overexpression of its target genes like EGFR, MYC and CCND1 in the BC samples (P<0.0001). An upregulation of MCC and CTNNBIP1 expression by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines lead to downregulation of β-catenin and its target genes. The expression of nuclear p-β-catenin(Y654), EGFR, MYC and CCND1 were significantly high in TNBC (Triple negative BC) and Her2+ compared to Luminal A/B+ subtypes. The TNBC patients in stage III/IV having reduced expression of MCC in the tumors showed poor prognosis. Thus, our data suggests that inactivation of MCC/CTNNBIP1 could be an important event in activation of β-catenin mediated transcription of target genes in BC.
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45
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Holloway KR, Sinha VC, Bu W, Toneff M, Dong J, Peng Y, Li Y. Targeting Oncogenes into a Defined Subset of Mammary Cells Demonstrates That the Initiating Oncogenic Mutation Defines the Resulting Tumor Phenotype. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:381-8. [PMID: 27019623 PMCID: PMC4807158 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers exhibit high intertumoral heterogeneity in genetic alterations as well as histopathological and other phenotypic characteristics. The contribution of the initiating oncogenic mutation to tumor phenotype remains controversial, largely due to the technical difficulties in delivering genetic alterations into well-defined subsets of mammary epithelial cells. To examine how different initiating oncogenes drive tumor phenotype, we somatically delivered two oncogenes (ErbB2, PyMT) into a narrow and distinct subset of the mouse mammary epithelium defined by the expression of the progenitor marker keratin 6a (Krt6a), and compared the phenotypes of the resulting mammary tumors. While PyMT-induced tumors were well-differentiated and displayed glandular and papillary features, ErbB2-induced tumors were poorly differentiated and exhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as β-catenin activation. These in vivo data demonstrate that the initiating oncogene plays a key role in driving mammary tumor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Holloway
- 1. Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vidya C Sinha
- 1. Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA;; 2. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wen Bu
- 1. Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA;; 2. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Toneff
- 2. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Dong
- 2. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi Peng
- 3. National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China;; 4. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yi Li
- 1. Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA;; 2. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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46
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Spinelli FM, Vitale DL, Demarchi G, Cristina C, Alaniz L. The immunological effect of hyaluronan in tumor angiogenesis. Clin Transl Immunology 2015; 4:e52. [PMID: 26719798 PMCID: PMC4685440 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2015.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the immune system and angiogenesis has been described in several contexts, both in physiological and pathological conditions, as pregnancy and cancer. In fact, different types of immune cells, such as myeloid, macrophages and denditric cells, are able to modulate tumor neovascularization. On the other hand, tumor microenvironment also includes extracellular matrix components like hyaluronan, which has a deregulated synthesis in different tumors. Hyaluronan is a glycosaminoglycan, normally present in the extracellular matrix of tissues in continuous remodeling (embryogenesis or wound healing processes) and acts as an important modulator of cell behavior by different mechanisms, including angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss hyaluronan as a modulator of tumor angiogenesis, focusing in intracellular signaling mediated by its receptors expressed on different immune cells. Recent observations suggest that the immune system is an important component in tumoural angiogenesis. Therefore, immune modulation could have an impact in anti-angiogenic therapy as a new therapeutic strategy, which in turn might improve effectiveness of treatment in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella M Spinelli
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), CIT NOBA, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Pcia. Bs. As., Argentina
- Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment, CIBA, Junín, Pcia. Bs. As., Argentina
| | - Daiana L Vitale
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), CIT NOBA, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Pcia. Bs. As., Argentina
- Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment, CIBA, Junín, Pcia. Bs. As., Argentina
| | - Gianina Demarchi
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), CIT NOBA, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Pcia. Bs. As., Argentina
- Laboratory of Pituitary Physiopathology, CIBA, Junín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Cristina
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), CIT NOBA, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Pcia. Bs. As., Argentina
- Laboratory of Pituitary Physiopathology, CIBA, Junín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Alaniz
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), CIT NOBA, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Pcia. Bs. As., Argentina
- Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment, CIBA, Junín, Pcia. Bs. As., Argentina
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47
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Zhao Z, Li S, Song E, Liu S. The roles of ncRNAs and histone-modifiers in regulating breast cancer stem cells. Protein Cell 2015; 7:89-99. [PMID: 26349457 PMCID: PMC4742390 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-015-0199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of cancer cells with ability of initiating tumorigenesis, exist in many kinds of tumors including breast cancer. Cancer stem cells contribute to treatment resistance and relapse. Conventional treatments only kill differentiated cancer cells, but spare CSCs. Combining conventional treatments with therapeutic drugs targeting to CSCs will eradicate cancer cells more efficiently. Studying the molecular mechanisms of CSCs regulation is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies. Growing evidences showed CSCs are regulated by non-coding RNA (ncRNA) including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and histone-modifiers, such as let-7, miR-93, miR-100, HOTAIR, Bmi-1 and EZH2. Herein we review the roles of microRNAs, lncRNAs and histone-modifiers especially Polycomb family proteins in regulating breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiju Zhao
- Innovation Center for Cell Signalling and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Erwei Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Innovation Center for Cell Signalling and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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48
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Elevated β-catenin pathway as a novel target for patients with resistance to EGF receptor targeting drugs. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13076. [PMID: 26268703 PMCID: PMC4535059 DOI: 10.1038/srep13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high death rate of lung cancer patients. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective in some lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutations. However, a significant number of patients show primary and acquire resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Although the Akt kinase is commonly activated due to various resistance mechanisms, the key targets of Akt remain unclear. Here, we show that the Akt-β-catenin pathway may be a common resistance mechanism. We analyzed gene expression profiles of gefitinib-resistant PC9M2 cells that were derived from gefitinib-sensitive lung cancer PC9 cells and do not have known resistance mechanisms including EGFR mutation T790M. We found increased expression of Axin, a β-catenin target gene, increased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3, accumulation of β-catenin in the cytoplasm/nucleus in PC9M2 cells. Both knockdown of β-catenin and treatment with a β-catenin inhibitor at least partially restored gefitinib sensitivity to PC9M2 cells. Lung adenocarcinoma tissues derived from gefitinib-resistant patients displayed a tendency to accumulate β-catenin in the cytoplasm. We provide a rationale for combination therapy that includes targeting of the Akt-β-catenin pathway to improve the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs.
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49
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ERBB2 triggers mammalian heart regeneration by promoting cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:627-38. [PMID: 25848746 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The murine neonatal heart can regenerate after injury through cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation, although this capacity markedly diminishes after the first week of life. Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) administration has been proposed as a strategy to promote cardiac regeneration. Here, using loss- and gain-of-function genetic tools, we explore the role of the NRG1 co-receptor ERBB2 in cardiac regeneration. NRG1-induced CM proliferation diminished one week after birth owing to a reduction in ERBB2 expression. CM-specific Erbb2 knockout revealed that ERBB2 is required for CM proliferation at embryonic/neonatal stages. Induction of a constitutively active ERBB2 (caERBB2) in neonatal, juvenile and adult CMs resulted in cardiomegaly, characterized by extensive CM hypertrophy, dedifferentiation and proliferation, differentially mediated by ERK, AKT and GSK3β/β-catenin signalling pathways. Transient induction of caERBB2 following myocardial infarction triggered CM dedifferentiation and proliferation followed by redifferentiation and regeneration. Thus, ERBB2 is both necessary for CM proliferation and sufficient to reactivate postnatal CM proliferative and regenerative potentials.
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50
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The Internalization of Neurotensin by the Low-Affinity Neurotensin Receptors (NTSR2 and vNTSR2) Activates ERK 1/2 in Glioma Cells and Allows Neurotensin-Polyplex Transfection of tGAS1. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 35:785-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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