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Samant C, Kale R, Pai KSR, Nandakumar K, Bhonde M. Role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cancer drug resistance: Insights into molecular aspects of major solid tumors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 729:150348. [PMID: 38986260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive resistance to conventional and targeted therapies remains one of the major obstacles in the effective management of cancer. Aberrant activation of key signaling mechanisms plays a pivotal role in modulating resistance to drugs. An evolutionarily conserved Wnt/β-catenin pathway is one of the signaling cascades which regulate resistance to drugs. Elevated Wnt signaling confers resistance to anticancer therapies, either through direct activation of its target genes or via indirect mechanisms and crosstalk over other signaling pathways. Involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cancer hallmarks like inhibition of apoptosis, promotion of invasion and metastasis and cancer stem cell maintenance makes this pathway a potential target to exploit for addressing drug resistance. Accumulating evidences suggest a critical role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in imparting resistance across multiple cancers including PDAC, NSCLC, TNBC, etc. Here we present a comprehensive assessment of how Wnt/β-catenin pathway mediates cancer drug resistance in majority of the solid tumors. We take a deep dive into the Wnt/β-catenin signaling-mediated modulation of cellular and downstream molecular mechanisms and their impact on cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charudatt Samant
- Department of Pharmacology, Novel Drug Discovery and Development (NDDD), Lupin Limited, Survey No. 46A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune, 412115, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ramesh Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Novel Drug Discovery and Development (NDDD), Lupin Limited, Survey No. 46A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune, 412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Sreedhara Ranganath Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishnadas Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Mandar Bhonde
- Department of Pharmacology, Novel Drug Discovery and Development (NDDD), Lupin Limited, Survey No. 46A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune, 412115, Maharashtra, India
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2
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Liu F, Ye S, Zhao L, Niu Q. The role of IGF/IGF-1R signaling in the regulation of cancer stem cells. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03561-x. [PMID: 38865036 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a group of tumor cells with high tumorigenic ability and self-renewal potential similar to those of normal stem cells. CSCs are the key "seeds" for tumor development, metastasis, and recurrence. A better insight into the key mechanisms underlying CSC survival improves the efficiency of cancer therapy via specific targeting of CSCs. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling plays an important role in the maintenance of cancer stemness. However, the effect of IGF/IGF-1R signaling on stemness and CSCs and the underlying mechanisms are still controversial. Based on the similarity between CSCs and normal stem cells, this review discusses emerging data on the functions of IGF/IGF-1R signaling in normal stem cells and CSCs and dissects the underlying mechanisms by which IGF/IGF-1R signaling is involved in CSCs. On the other hand, this review highlighted the role of IGF/IGF-1R signaling blockade in multiple CSCs as a potential strategy to improve CSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchao Liu
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Susu Ye
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liu Zhao
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Niu
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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3
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Wu H, Li ZX, Fang K, Zhao ZY, Sun MC, Feng AQ, Leng ZY, Zhang ZH, Chu Y, Zhang L, Chen T, Xu MD. IGF-1-mediated FOXC1 overexpression induces stem-like properties through upregulating CBX7 and IGF-1R in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:102. [PMID: 38413558 PMCID: PMC10899262 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence attests to the pivotal role of cancer stem cells (CSC) in both tumorigenesis and drug resistance. A member of the forkhead box (FOX) family, FOXC1, assumes significance in embryonic development and organogenesis. Furthermore, FOXC1 functions as an overexpressed transcription factor in various tumors, fostering proliferation, enhancing migratory capabilities, and promoting drug resistance, while maintaining stem-cell-like properties. Despite these implications, scant attention has been devoted to its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Our investigation revealed a pronounced upregulation of FOXC1 expression in ESCC, correlating with a poor prognosis. The downregulation of FOXC1 demonstrated inhibitory effects on ESCC tumorigenesis, proliferation, and tolerance to chemotherapeutic agents, concurrently reducing the levels of stemness-related markers CD133 and CD44. Further studies validated that FOXC1 induces ESCC stemness by transactivating CBX7 and IGF-1R. Additionally, IGF-1 activated the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB and MEK/ERK/NF-κB pathways through its binding to IGF-1R, thereby augmenting FOXC1 expression. Conversely, suppressing FOXC1 impeded ESCC stemness induced by IGF-1. The presence of a positive feedback loop, denoted by IGF-1-FOXC1-IGF-1R, suggests the potential of FOXC1 as a prognostic biomarker for ESCC. Taken together, targeting the IGF-1-FOXC1-IGF-1R axis emerges as a promising approach for anti-CSC therapy in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Xing Li
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Fang
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Ying Zhao
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Chuang Sun
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - An-Qi Feng
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu-Yun Leng
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Hua Zhang
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Chu
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji 8 University, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mei-Dong Xu
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Zhang J, Liu F, Guo W, Bi X, Yuan S, Shayiti F, Pan T, Li K, Chen P. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing reveals aberrantly activated inter-tumor cell signaling pathways in the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2024; 22:37. [PMID: 38191424 PMCID: PMC10775677 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant intracellular or intercellular signaling pathways are important mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of cancer. However, the intercellular communication associated with the development of ccRCC is currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the aberrant tumor cell-to-cell communication signals during the development of ccRCC. METHODS We conducted an analysis on the scRNA-seq data of 6 ccRCC and 6 normal kidney tissues. This analysis included sub clustering, CNV analysis, single-cell trajectory analysis, cell-cell communication analysis, and transcription factor analysis. Moreover, we performed validation tests on clinical samples using multiplex immunofluorescence. RESULTS This study identified eleven aberrantly activated intercellular signaling pathways in tumor clusters from ccRCC samples. Among these, two of the majors signaling molecules, MIF and SPP1, were mainly secreted by a subpopulation of cancer stem cells. This subpopulation demonstrated high expression levels of the cancer stem cell markers POU5F1 and CD44 (POU5F1hiCD44hiE.T), with the transcription factor POU5F1 regulating the expression of SPP1. Further research demonstrated that SPP1 binds to integrin receptors on the surface of target cells and promotes ccRCC development and progression by activating potential signaling mechanisms such as ILK and JAK/STAT. CONCLUSION Aberrantly activated tumor intercellular signaling pathways promote the development and progression of ccRCC. The cancer stem cell subpopulation (POU5F1hiCD44hiE.T) promotes malignant transformation and the development of a malignant phenotype by releasing aberrant signaling molecules and interacting with other tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, China
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No. 158 Wuyang Avenue, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Fuzhong Liu
- Cancer Institute, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenjia Guo
- Cancer Institute, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Xing Bi
- Department of Urology, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Fuerhaiti Shayiti
- Department of Urology, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Department of Urology, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Kailing Li
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No. 158 Wuyang Avenue, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Urology, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, China.
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Yang W, Cui X, Sun D, Sun G, Yan Z, Wei M, Wang Z, Yu W. POU5F1 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells by reducing the ubiquitination level of TRAF6. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:802. [PMID: 38062041 PMCID: PMC10703809 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
POU5F1 plays an important role in maintaining the cancer stem cell (CSC) -like properties of gastric cancer (GC) cells. The impact of POU5F1 on the proliferation and metastasis of GC was examined, along with the potential of ATRA as a specific therapeutic agent for GC. The dysregulation of POU5F1 expression in GC tissues was analyzed using public databases and bioinformatics techniques, and the disparity in POU5F1 expression between normal gastric tissues and GC tissues was further assessed through western blot, RT-qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of POU5F1 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells through both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Additionally, the effects of ATRA on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells were examined using in vivo and in vitro approaches. Our findings revealed a significant upregulation of POU5F1 in GC tissues, which was found to be associated with a poorer prognosis in patients with GC. Moreover, POU5F1 was observed to enhance the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells in vitro, as well as promote subcutaneous tumor growth and lung metastasis of GC cells in vivo. The overexpression of POU5F1 mechanistically triggers the process of Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by down-regulating E-Cadherin and up-regulating N-Cadherin and VIM. POU5F1 hinders the ubiquitination of TRAF6 through negative regulation of TRIM59, thereby facilitating the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, the administration of ATRA effectively impedes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells by suppressing the expression of POU5F1. The upregulation of POU5F1 elicits EMT, fosters the initiation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in GC cells, and stimulates the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of GC cells. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can impede these POU5F1-induced effects, thereby potentially serving as an adjunctive therapeutic approach for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Danping Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guorui Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhibo Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zuoyang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Circ-GSK3B up-regulates GSK3B to suppress the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1761-1772. [PMID: 35821283 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
GSK3B is the mRNA form of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β), which is a critical repressor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and generally inhibited in cancer cells. Plenty of researches have disclosed that circular RNAs, namely circRNAs exert important functions in the progression of various human malignancies including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Therefore, we attempted to explore whether there existed certain circRNAs that could mediate LUAD development by regulating GSK3B expression and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In the present research, circ-GSK3B (hsa_circ_0066903) was found to be significantly down-regulated in LUAD tissues and cells and it suppressed the proliferation, migration and stemness of LUAD cells. Furthermore, it was discovered that circ-GSK3B competitively sponged miR-3681-3p and miR-3909 to elevate GSK3B expression. Circ-GSK3B could impair the binding ability of FKBP51 to GSK-3β to inhibit the phosphorylation of GSK-3βS9, resulting in the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, the regulatory effect of circ-GSK3B on LUAD tumorigenesis and cell progression was testified through in vitro and in vivo rescue experiments. In conclusion, circ-GSK3B suppressed LUAD development through up-regulating and activating GSK3B.
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7
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Habibi M, Taheri G. A new machine learning method for cancer mutation analysis. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010332. [PMID: 36251702 PMCID: PMC9612828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is complicated to identify cancer-causing mutations. The recurrence of a mutation in patients remains one of the most reliable features of mutation driver status. However, some mutations are more likely to happen than others for various reasons. Different sequencing analysis has revealed that cancer driver genes operate across complex pathways and networks, with mutations often arising in a mutually exclusive pattern. Genes with low-frequency mutations are understudied as cancer-related genes, especially in the context of networks. Here we propose a machine learning method to study the functionality of mutually exclusive genes in the networks derived from mutation associations, gene-gene interactions, and graph clustering. These networks have indicated critical biological components in the essential pathways, especially those mutated at low frequency. Studying the network and not just the impact of a single gene significantly increases the statistical power of clinical analysis. The proposed method identified important driver genes with different frequencies. We studied the function and the associated pathways in which the candidate driver genes participate. By introducing lower-frequency genes, we recognized less studied cancer-related pathways. We also proposed a novel clustering method to specify driver modules. We evaluated each driver module with different criteria, including the terms of biological processes and the number of simultaneous mutations in each cancer. Materials and implementations are available at: https://github.com/MahnazHabibi/MutationAnalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Habibi
- Department of Mathematics, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Golnaz Taheri
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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8
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Xu C, Jin G, Wu H, Cui W, Wang YH, Manne RK, Wang G, Zhang W, Zhang X, Han F, Cai Z, Pan BS, Hsu CC, Liu Y, Zhang A, Long J, Zou H, Wang S, Ma X, Duan J, Wang B, Liu W, Lan H, Xiong Q, Xue G, Chen Z, Xu Z, Furth ME, Haigh Molina S, Lu Y, Xie D, Bian XW, Lin HK. SIRPγ-expressing cancer stem-like cells promote immune escape of lung cancer via Hippo signaling. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:141797. [PMID: 35229723 PMCID: PMC8884909 DOI: 10.1172/jci141797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) acquire enhanced immune checkpoint responses to evade immune cell killing and promote tumor progression. Here we showed that signal regulatory protein γ (SIRPγ) determined CSLC properties and immune evasiveness in a small population of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cancer cells. A SIRPγhi population displayed CSLC properties and transmitted the immune escape signal through sustaining CD47 expression in both SIRPγhi and SIRPγlo/– tumor cells. SIRPγ bridged MST1 and PP2A to facilitate MST1 dephosphorylation, resulting in Hippo/YAP activation and leading to cytokine release by CSLCs, which stimulated CD47 expression in LUAD cells and consequently inhibited tumor cell phagocytosis. SIRPγ promoted tumor growth and metastasis in vivo through YAP signaling. Notably, SIRPγ targeting with genetic SIRPγ knockdown or a SIRPγ-neutralizing antibody inhibited CSLC phenotypes and elicited phagocytosis that suppressed tumor growth in vivo. SIRPG was upregulated in human LUAD and its overexpression predicted poor survival outcome. Thus, SIRPγhi cells serve as CSLCs and tumor immune checkpoint–initiating cells, propagating the immune escape signal to the entire cancer cell population. Our study identifies Hippo/YAP signaling as the first mechanism by which SIRPγ is engaged and reveals that targeting SIRPγ represents an immune- and CSLC-targeting strategy for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Integrative Cancer Center and Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoxiang Jin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Integrative Cancer Center and Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hui Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Manne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guihua Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Weina Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yiqiang Liu
- Integrative Cancer Center and Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Anmei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jie Long
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hongbo Zou
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Integrative Cancer Center and Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Integrative Cancer Center and Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodan Ma
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Duan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihui Liu
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Haitao Lan
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Xiong
- Immunotherapy Platform, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gang Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhongzhu Chen
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Mark E Furth
- Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah Haigh Molina
- Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dan Xie
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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9
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Roles of the Immune/Methylation/Autophagy Landscape on Single-Cell Genotypes and Stroke Risk in Breast Cancer Microenvironment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5633514. [PMID: 34457116 PMCID: PMC8397558 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5633514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to perform integrative analysis of the immune/methylation/autophagy landscape on breast cancer prognosis and single-cell genotypes. Breast Cancer Recurrence Risk Score (BCRRS) and Breast Cancer Prognostic Risk Score (BCPRS) were determined based on 6 prognostic IMAAGs obtained from the TCGA-BRCA cohort. BCRRS and BCPRS, respectively, were used to construct a risk prediction model of overall survival and progression-free survival. Predictive capacity of the model was evaluated using clinical data. Analysis showed that BCRRS is associated with a high risk of stroke. In addition, PPI and drug-ceRNA networks based on differences in BCPRS were constructed. Single cells were genotyped through integrated scRNA-seq of the TNBC samples based on clustering results of BCPRS-related genes. The findings of this study show the potential regulatory effects of IMAAGs on breast cancer tumor microenvironment. High AUCs of 0.856 and 0.842 were obtained for the OS and PFS prognostic models, respectively. scRNA-seq analysis showed high expression levels of adipocytes and adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in high BCPRS clusters. Moreover, analysis of ligand-receptor interactions and potential regulatory mechanisms were performed. The LINC00276&MALAT1/miR-206/FZD4-Wnt7b pathway was also identified which may be useful in future research on targets against breast cancer metastasis and recurrence. Neural network-based deep learning models using BCPRS-related genes showed that these genes can be used to map the tumor microenvironment. In summary, analysis of IMAAGs, BCPRS, and BCRRS provides information on the breast cancer microenvironment at both the macro- and microlevels and provides a basis for development of personalized treatment therapy.
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10
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Dang Q, Shao B, Zhou Q, Chen C, Guo Y, Wang G, Liu J, Kan Q, Yuan W, Sun Z. RNA N 6-Methyladenosine in Cancer Metastasis: Roles, Mechanisms, and Applications. Front Oncol 2021; 11:681781. [PMID: 34211849 PMCID: PMC8239292 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.681781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a symptom of adverse prognosis, a prime origin of therapy failure, and a lethal challenge for cancer patients. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevailing modification in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) of higher eukaryotes, has attracted increasing attention. Growing studies have verified the pivotal roles of m6A methylation in controlling mRNAs and ncRNAs in diverse physiological processes. Remarkably, recent findings have showed that aberrant methylation of m6A-related RNAs could influence cancer metastasis. In this review, we illuminate how m6A modifiers act on mRNAs and ncRNAs and modulate metastasis in several cancers, and put forward the clinical application prospects of m6A methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Dang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Shao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Basic Medical, Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guixian Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Fitriana M, Hwang WL, Chan PY, Hsueh TY, Liao TT. Roles of microRNAs in Regulating Cancer Stemness in Head and Neck Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071742. [PMID: 33917482 PMCID: PMC8038798 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are epithelial malignancies with 5-year overall survival rates of approximately 40-50%. Emerging evidence indicates that a small population of cells in HNSCC patients, named cancer stem cells (CSCs), play vital roles in the processes of tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, immune evasion, chemo-/radioresistance, and recurrence. The acquisition of stem-like properties of cancer cells further provides cellular plasticity for stress adaptation and contributes to therapeutic resistance, resulting in a worse clinical outcome. Thus, targeting cancer stemness is fundamental for cancer treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to regulate stem cell features in the development and tissue regeneration through a miRNA-target interactive network. In HNSCCs, miRNAs act as tumor suppressors and/or oncogenes to modulate cancer stemness and therapeutic efficacy by regulating the CSC-specific tumor microenvironment (TME) and signaling pathways, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling pathways. Owing to a deeper understanding of disease-relevant miRNAs and advances in in vivo delivery systems, the administration of miRNA-based therapeutics is feasible and safe in humans, with encouraging efficacy results in early-phase clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the present findings to better understand the mechanical actions of miRNAs in maintaining CSCs and acquiring the stem-like features of cancer cells during HNSCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melysa Fitriana
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Wei-Lun Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Center of Excellence, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Pak-Yue Chan
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.-Y.H.)
| | - Tai-Yuan Hsueh
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.-Y.H.)
| | - Tsai-Tsen Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2736-1661 (ext. 3435)
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12
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Chen PC, Kuo YC, Chuong CM, Huang YH. Niche Modulation of IGF-1R Signaling: Its Role in Stem Cell Pluripotency, Cancer Reprogramming, and Therapeutic Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:625943. [PMID: 33511137 PMCID: PMC7835526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.625943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells work with their niches harmoniously during development. This concept has been extended to cancer pathology for cancer stem cells (CSCs) or cancer reprogramming. IGF-1R, a classical survival signaling, has been shown to regulate stem cell pluripotency, CSCs, or cancer reprogramming. The mechanism underlying such cell fate determination is unclear. We propose the determination is due to different niches in embryo development and tumor malignancy which modulate the consequences of IGF-1R signaling. Here we highlight the modulations of these niche parameters (hypoxia, inflammation, extracellular matrix), and the targeted stem cells (embryonic stem cells, germline stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells) and CSCs, with relevance to cancer reprogramming. We organize known interaction between IGF-1R signaling and distinct niches in the double-sided cell fate with emerging trends highlighted. Based on these new insights, we propose that, through targeting IGF-1R signaling modulation, stem cell therapy and cancer stemness treatment can be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chin Chen
- Department of Education, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Kuo
- TMU Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Alemohammad H, Asadzadeh Z, Motafakker Azad R, Hemmat N, Najafzadeh B, Vasefifar P, Najafi S, Baradaran B. Signaling pathways and microRNAs, the orchestrators of NANOG activity during cancer induction. Life Sci 2020; 260:118337. [PMID: 32841661 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small part of cancer cells inside the tumor that have similar characteristics to normal stem cells. CSCs stimulate tumor initiation and progression in a variety of cancers. Several transcription factors such as NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4 maintain the characteristics of CSCs and their upregulation is seen in many malignancies resulting in increased metastasis, invasion, and recurrence. Among these factors, NANOG plays an important role in regulating the self-renewal and pluripotency of CSCs and the clinical significance of NANOG has been suggested as a marker of CSCs in many cancers. The up and down-regulation of NANOG is associated with several important signaling pathways, including JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, TGF-β, Hedgehog, and several microRNAs (miRNAs). In this review, we will investigate the function of NANOG in CSCs and the molecular mechanism of its regulation by signaling pathways and miRNAs. We will also investigate targeting NANOG with different techniques, which is a promising treatment strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Alemohammad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Basira Najafzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Vasefifar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Souzan Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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14
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Hua H, Kong Q, Yin J, Zhang J, Jiang Y. Insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in tumorigenesis and drug resistance: a challenge for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:64. [PMID: 32493414 PMCID: PMC7268628 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play important roles in mammalian growth, development, aging, and diseases. Aberrant IGFs signaling may lead to malignant transformation and tumor progression, thus providing the rationale for targeting IGF axis in cancer. However, clinical trials of the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR)-targeted agents have been largely disappointing. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the IGF axis not only promotes tumorigenesis, but also confers resistance to standard treatments. Furthermore, there are diverse pathways leading to the resistance to IGF-IR-targeted therapy. Recent studies characterizing the complex IGFs signaling in cancer have raised hope to refine the strategies for targeting the IGF axis. This review highlights the biological activities of IGF-IR signaling in cancer and the contribution of IGF-IR to cytotoxic, endocrine, and molecular targeted therapies resistance. Moreover, we update the diverse mechanisms underlying resistance to IGF-IR-targeted agents and discuss the strategies for future development of the IGF axis-targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingbin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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15
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Perry JM, Tao F, Roy A, Lin T, He XC, Chen S, Lu X, Nemechek J, Ruan L, Yu X, Dukes D, Moran A, Pace J, Schroeder K, Zhao M, Venkatraman A, Qian P, Li Z, Hembree M, Paulson A, He Z, Xu D, Tran TH, Deshmukh P, Nguyen CT, Kasi RM, Ryan R, Broward M, Ding S, Guest E, August K, Gamis AS, Godwin A, Sittampalam GS, Weir SJ, Li L. Overcoming Wnt-β-catenin dependent anticancer therapy resistance in leukaemia stem cells. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:689-700. [PMID: 32313104 PMCID: PMC8010717 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) underlie cancer therapy resistance but targeting these cells remains difficult. The Wnt-β-catenin and PI3K-Akt pathways cooperate to promote tumorigenesis and resistance to therapy. In a mouse model in which both pathways are activated in stem and progenitor cells, LSCs expanded under chemotherapy-induced stress. Since Akt can activate β-catenin, inhibiting this interaction might target therapy-resistant LSCs. High-throughput screening identified doxorubicin (DXR) as an inhibitor of the Akt-β-catenin interaction at low doses. Here we repurposed DXR as a targeted inhibitor rather than a broadly cytotoxic chemotherapy. Targeted DXR reduced Akt-activated β-catenin levels in chemoresistant LSCs and reduced LSC tumorigenic activity. Mechanistically, β-catenin binds multiple immune-checkpoint gene loci, and targeted DXR treatment inhibited expression of multiple immune checkpoints specifically in LSCs, including PD-L1, TIM3 and CD24. Overall, LSCs exhibit distinct properties of immune resistance that are reduced by inhibiting Akt-activated β-catenin. These findings suggest a strategy for overcoming cancer therapy resistance and immune escape.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Cell Proliferation
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/physiology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Wnt Proteins/physiology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- beta Catenin/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Perry
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Fang Tao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Anuradha Roy
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Tara Lin
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Xi C He
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Xiuling Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Linhao Ruan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiazhen Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Debra Dukes
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Andrea Moran
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Meng Zhao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Pengxu Qian
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenrui Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- St. Jude, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mark Hembree
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ariel Paulson
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Zhiquan He
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Thanh-Huyen Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, US
| | - Prashant Deshmukh
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Chi Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Rajeswari M Kasi
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Robin Ryan
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Sheng Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Erin Guest
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Keith August
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Alan S Gamis
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Andrew Godwin
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - G Sitta Sittampalam
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Scott J Weir
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Institute for Advancing Medical Innovation and University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Linheng Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Division of Medical Oncology, Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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16
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Ramakrishnan V, Xu B, Akers J, Nguyen T, Ma J, Dhawan S, Ning J, Mao Y, Hua W, Kokkoli E, Furnari F, Carter BS, Chen CC. Radiation-induced extracellular vesicle (EV) release of miR-603 promotes IGF1-mediated stem cell state in glioblastomas. EBioMedicine 2020; 55:102736. [PMID: 32361246 PMCID: PMC7195524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrence after radiation therapy is nearly universal for glioblastomas, the most common form of adult brain cancer. The study aims to define clinically pertinent mechanisms underlying this recurrence. Methods microRNA (miRNA) profiling was performed using matched pre- and post-radiation treatment glioblastoma specimens from the same patients. All specimens harbored unmethylated O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoters (umMGMT) and wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase (wtIDH). The most altered miRNA, miR-603, was characterized. Findings While nearly all miRNAs remained unchanged after treatment, decreased levels of few, select miRNAs in the post-treatment specimens were observed, the most notable of which involved miR-603. Unbiased profiling of miR-603 targets revealed insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R). Ionizing radiation (IR) induced cellular export of miR-603 through extracellular vesicle (EV) release, thereby de-repressing IGF1 and IGF1R. This de-repression, in turn, promoted cancer stem-cell (CSC) state and acquired radiation resistance in glioblastomas. Export of miR-603 additionally de-repressed MGMT, a DNA repair protein responsible for detoxifying DNA alkylating agents, to promote cross-resistance to these agents. Ectopic miR-603 expression overwhelmed cellular capacity for miR-603 export and synergized with the tumoricidal effects of IR and DNA alkylating agents. Interpretation Profiling of matched pre- and post-treatment glioblastoma specimens revealed altered homeostasis of select miRNAs in response to radiation. Radiation-induced EV export of miR-603 simultaneously promoted the CSC state and up-regulated DNA repair to promote acquired resistance. These effects were abolished by exogenous miR-603 expression, suggesting potential for clinical translation. Funding NIH 1R01NS097649-01, 9R44GM128223-02, 1R01CA240953-01, the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Clinical Scientist Development Award, The Sontag Foundation Distinguished Scientist Award, the Kimmel Scholar Award, and BWF 1006774.01 (C.C.C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valya Ramakrishnan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Beibei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Thien Nguyen
- School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sanjay Dhawan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jianfang Ning
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Efrosini Kokkoli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Frank Furnari
- Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bob S Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Clark C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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17
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Wang M, Liao Q, Zou P. PRKCZ-AS1 promotes the tumorigenesis of lung adenocarcinoma via sponging miR-766-5p to modulate MAPK1. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:364-371. [PMID: 31939714 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1702402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent histological subclass of non-small cell lung cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recognized as the crucial regulatory factors in tumor development and progression. Nevertheless, limited research has been carried on the function of PRKCZ-AS1 in LUAD. In this study, the expression of PRKCZ-AS1 in LUAD tissues and cell lines was notably upregulated. Moreover, knockdown of PRKCZ-AS1 inhibited the proliferation and migration, but promoted apoptosis in LUAD cells. Furthermore, miR-766-5p could bind with PRKCZ-AS1. Besides, the expression miR-766-5p was negatively regulated by PRKCZ-AS1 expression in LUAD cells. Furtherly, PRKCZ-AS1 expression positively regulated the expression of MAPK1. Similarly, the expression of MAPK1 was negatively regulated by miR-766-5p expression. Moreover, the binding ability between miR-766-5p and MAPK1 was confirmed. Furthermore, knockdown of MAPK1 partly rescued the miR-766-5p inhibition-mediated promoting effect on proliferation and migration in LUAD cells transfected with PRKCZ-AS1#1. Overall, above results suggested that PRKCZ-AS1 promotes the occurrence of LUAD by sponging miR-766-5p to upregulate MAPK1 expression, which may provide new insights into LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qin Liao
- Department of Oncology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pengfei Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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18
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Molina ER, Chim LK, Salazar MC, Mehta SM, Menegaz BA, Lamhamedi-Cherradi SE, Satish T, Mohiuddin S, McCall D, Zaske AM, Cuglievan B, Lazar AJ, Scott DW, Grande-Allen JK, Ludwig JA, Mikos AG. Mechanically tunable coaxial electrospun models of YAP/TAZ mechanoresponse and IGF-1R activation in osteosarcoma. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:38-51. [PMID: 31542501 PMCID: PMC7027943 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Current in vitro methods for assessing cancer biology and therapeutic response rely heavily on monolayer cell culture on hard, plastic surfaces that do not recapitulate essential elements of the tumor microenvironment. While a host of tumor models exist, most are not engineered to control the physical properties of the microenvironment and thus may not reflect the effects of mechanotransduction on tumor biology. Utilizing coaxial electrospinning, we developed three-dimensional (3D) tumor models with tunable mechanical properties in order to elucidate the effects of substrate stiffness and tissue architecture in osteosarcoma. Mechanical properties of coaxial electrospun meshes were characterized with a series of macroscale testing with uniaxial tensile testing and microscale testing utilizing atomic force microscopy on single fibers. Calculated moduli in our models ranged over three orders of magnitude in both macroscale and microscale testing. Osteosarcoma cells responded to decreasing substrate stiffness in 3D environments by increasing nuclear localization of Hippo pathway effectors, YAP and TAZ, while downregulating total YAP. Additionally, a downregulation of the IGF-1R/mTOR axis, the target of recent clinical trials in sarcoma, was observed in 3D models and heralded increased resistance to combination chemotherapy and IGF-1R/mTOR targeted agents compared to monolayer controls. In this study, we highlight the necessity of incorporating mechanical cues in cancer biology investigation and the complexity in mechanotransduction as a confluence of stiffness and culture architecture. Our models provide a versatile, mechanically variable substrate on which to study the effects of physical cues on the pathogenesis of tumors. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in cancer pathogenesis. In this work, we engineered 3D, mechanically tunable, coaxial electrospun environments to determine the roles of the mechanical environment on osteosarcoma cell phenotype, morphology, and therapeutic response. We characterize the effects of varying macroscale and microscale stiffnesses in 3D environments on the localization and expression of the mechanoresponsive proteins, YAP and TAZ, and evaluate IGF-1R/mTOR pathway activation, a target of recent clinical trials in sarcoma. Increased nuclear YAP/TAZ was observed as stiffness in 3D was decreased. Downregulation of the IGF-1R/mTOR cascade in all 3D environments was observed. Our study highlights the complexity of mechanotransduction in 3D culture and represents a step towards controlling microenvironmental elements in in vitro cancer investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Molina
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Letitia K Chim
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria C Salazar
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shail M Mehta
- Department of Applied Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brian A Menegaz
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Salah-Eddine Lamhamedi-Cherradi
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tejus Satish
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sana Mohiuddin
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David McCall
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ana Maria Zaske
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Branko Cuglievan
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David W Scott
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Joseph A Ludwig
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
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19
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Chaudhary S, Islam Z, Mishra V, Rawat S, Ashraf GM, Kolatkar PR. Sox2: A Regulatory Factor in Tumorigenesis and Metastasis. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:495-504. [PMID: 30907312 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190325102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Sox2 plays an important role in various phases of embryonic development, including cell fate and differentiation. These key regulatory functions are facilitated by binding to specific DNA sequences in combination with partner proteins to exert their effects. Recently, overexpression and gene amplification of Sox2 has been associated with tumor aggression and metastasis in various cancer types, including breast, prostate, lung, ovarian and colon cancer. All the different roles for Sox2 involve complicated regulatory networks consisting of protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions. Their involvement in the EMT modulation is possibly enabled by Wnt/ β-catenin and other signaling pathways. There are number of in vivo models which show Sox2 association with increased cancer aggressiveness, resistance to chemo-radiation therapy and decreased survival rate suggesting Sox2 as a therapeutic target. This review will focus on the different roles for Sox2 in metastasis and tumorigenesis. We will also review the mechanism of action underlying the cooperative Sox2- DNA/partner factors binding where Sox2 can be potentially explored for a therapeutic opportunity to treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeyaul Islam
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vijaya Mishra
- RASA Life science Informatics, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sakshi Rawat
- RASA Life science Informatics, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prasanna R Kolatkar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
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20
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Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism REX1 rs6815391, OCT4 rs13409 or rs3130932, and CTBP2 rs3740535 with Primary Lung Cancer Susceptibility: A Case-Control Study in a Chinese Population. DISEASE MARKERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4150263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study is to explore the contribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of REX1 rs6815391, OCT4 rs13409 or rs3130932, and CTBP2 rs3740535 to the risk of lung cancer. A questionnaire survey was used to obtain basic information of the included subjects. A case control study was performed in 1121 patients and 1121 controls. All subjects were subjected to blood sampling for genomic DNA extraction and genotyping of the cancer stem cell-associated gene SNPs, including REX1 rs6815391, OCT4 rs13409 or rs3130932, and CTBP2 rs3740535 by real-time PCR. The association with the risk of primary lung cancer and interaction with environmental factors were assessed using unconditional logistic regression for the odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. The genotype frequency distribution of OCT4 rs13409 loci was statistically significant, but there was no significant difference in the rest of the loci between lung cancer patients and healthy controls. The OCT4 gene was also related with lung cancer susceptibility in the genetic model after adjusting for lung cancer-related factors. Despite the presence of the dominant or recessive model, the four loci polymorphisms were associated with pollution near the place of residence, house type, worse ventilation situation, smoking, passive smoking, cooking oil fumes (COF), and family history of cancer, which increased the risk of lung cancer. Nonmarried status, 18.5≤BMI, COF, smoking, passive smoking, family history of cancer, and history of lung disease were independent risk factors of lung cancer susceptibility. Additionally, college degree or above, no pollution near the place of residence, protective genotype 1 or 2, and well ventilation can reduce the occurrence of lung cancer. There is an interaction between the four loci and environmental factors, and OCT4 rs13409 is a risk factor of primary lung cancer.
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21
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Xu J, Bie F, Wang Y, Chen X, Yan T, Du J. Prognostic value of IGF-1R in lung cancer: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15467. [PMID: 31083179 PMCID: PMC6531258 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) is a key player in a wide array of pathological processes, while the prognostic role of IGF-1R in lung cancer remains controversial. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of IGF-1R in lung cancer. We searched for recent studies on the expression of IGF-1R and extracted prognostic lung cancer data from the articles. RESULTS Eventually, 22 studies with 3859 patients were analyzed in our meta-analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to quantify the ability of IGF-1R to predict survival. The results indicated that IGF-1R positive expression was associated with an unfavorable disease-free survival (DFS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients on univariate analysis (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.00-1.55, P = .054) and multivariate analysis (HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.01-2.21, P = .045), but there was no significant difference in the relationship between IGF-1R positive expression and overall survival (OS) on univariate analysis (HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.86-1.25, P = .712) and multivariate analysis (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.57-1.39, P = .602). IGF-1R mRNA expression related to OS was obtained in 2 studies, with the pooled HR being 1.663 (95% CI: 1.071-2.583, P = .024). For IGF-1R expression and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the conclusion was not statistically significant, with the pooled HR being 1.22 (95% CI: 0.66-2.27, P = .524). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that high expression of IGF-1R predicts poor DFS in NSCLC, yet it does not predict poor OS in NSCLC and SCLC. IGF-1R may be a useful predictor of outcomes in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiajun Du
- Institute of Oncology
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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22
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Li H, Wang L, Shi S, Xu Y, Dai X, Li H, Wang J, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Sun S, Li Y. The Prognostic and Clinicopathologic Characteristics of OCT4 and Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Curr Mol Med 2019; 19:54-75. [PMID: 30854966 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190308163315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective:The relationship between OCT4 and clinicopathological features in lung cancer is shown to be controversial in recent publications. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to quantitatively investigate the prognostic and clinicopathological characteristics of OCT4 in lung cancer.Methods:A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, WOS, CNKI and Wanfang databases was performed to identify studies. Correlations between OCT4 expression and survival outcomes or clinicopathological features were analyzed using meta-analysis methods.Results:Twenty-one studies with 2523 patients were included. High OCT4 expression showed a poorer overall survival (OS) (univariate: HR= 2.00, 95% CI = (1.68, 2.39), p<0.0001; multivariate: HR= 2.43, 95% CI = (1.67, 3.55), p<0.0001) and median overall survival (MSR = 0.51, 95% CI = (0.44, 0.58), p < 0.0001), disease-free survival (DFS) (HR= 2.18, 95% CI = (1.30, 3.67), p = 0.003) and poorer disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR= 2.23, 95% CI = (1.21, 4.11), p = 0.010). Furthermore, high OCT4 expression was found to be related with lower 5 year disease-specific survival rate (OR= 0.24, 95% CI = (0.14, 0.41), p<0.0001) and 10 year overall survival rate (OR= 0.22, 95% CI = (0.12, 0.40), p=0.0001). Additionally, OCT4-high expression was also strongly associated with higher clinical TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor distant metastasis, higher histopathologic grade, but not related with gender, smoking status, tumor size and histologic type of lung cancer.Conclusion:OCT4 over-expression in lung cancer was strongly related to poorer clinicopathological features and worse survival outcomes, which suggests that OCT4 could be a valuable prognostic marker in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liwen Wang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shupeng Shi
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yadong Xu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejiao Dai
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Reproductive Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Reproductive Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuming Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Reproductive Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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23
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Andey T, Bora-Singhal N, Chellappan SP, Singh M. Cationic lipoplexes for treatment of cancer stem cell-derived murine lung tumors. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 18:31-43. [PMID: 30831275 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Side population (SP) cells with stem-like properties, also known as cancer stem cells (CSC) have been recognized as drivers of the resistance phenotype in many cancers. Central to the characteristic stem-like phenotype of CSCs in cancer is the activity of the SOX2 transcription factor whose upregulation has been associated with enrichment of many oncogenes. This study outlines the fabrication of a lipoplex of SOX2 small interfering RNA (CL-siSOX2) for targeted treatment of SOX2-enriched, CSC-derived orthotopic and xenograft lung tumors in CB-17 SCID mice. CL-siSOX2 induced tumor contraction in cisplatin-naïve and cisplatin-treated groups by 85% and 94% respectively. Reduction in tumor weight and volume following treatment with CL-siSOX2 was associated with reduced protein expression of SOX2 and markers of tumor initiation, inflammation, invasion and metastasis in mice tumor xenografts. In addition, histological staining of lung tumor sections showed reduction in SOX2 expression was associated with inhibition markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrick Andey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, 19 Foster Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - Namrata Bora-Singhal
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Srikumar P Chellappan
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.
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24
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Xie L, Dai H, Li M, Yang W, Yu G, Wang X, Wang P, Liu W, Hu X, Zhao M. MARCH1 encourages tumour progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via regulation of PI3K-AKT-β-catenin pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3386-3401. [PMID: 30793486 PMCID: PMC6484336 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane‐associated RING‐CH‐1 (MARCH1) is a membrane‐anchored E3 ubiquitin ligase that is involved in a variety of cellular processes. MARCH1 was aberrantly expressed as a tumour promoter in ovarian cancer, but the signalling about the molecular mechanism has not yet been fully illuminated. Here, we first determined that MARCH1 was obviously highly expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma samples and cells. In addition, our findings demonstrated that the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma were suppressed, but the apoptosis was increased, as a result of MARCH1 knockdown by either siRNA targeting MARCH1 or pirarubicin treatment. Conversely, the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma were obviously accelerated, and the apoptosis was decreased, by transfecting the MARCH1 plasmid to make MARCH1 overexpressed. Moreover, in vivo, the results exhibited a significant inhibition of the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice, which were given an intra‐tumour injection of siRNA targeting MARCH1. Furthermore, our study concluded that MARCH1 functions as a tumour promoter, and its role was up‐regulated the PI3K‐AKT‐β‐catenin pathways both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our work determined that MARCH1 has an important role in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and may be used as a novel potential molecular therapeutic target in the future treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xie
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hanhan Dai
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Minjing Li
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Guohua Yu
- Department of Pathology, Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xuemei Hu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Mingdong Zhao
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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25
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Zou H, Chen Q, Zhang A, Wang S, Wu H, Yuan Y, Wang S, Yu J, Luo M, Wen X, Cui W, Fu W, Yu R, Chen L, Zhang M, Lan H, Zhang X, Xie Q, Jin G, Xu C. MPC1 deficiency accelerates lung adenocarcinoma progression through the STAT3 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:148. [PMID: 30770798 PMCID: PMC6377639 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1), a key factor that controls pyruvate transportation in the mitochondria, is known to be frequently dysregulated in tumor initiation and progression. However, the clinical relevance and potential molecular mechanisms of MPC1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) progression remain to be illustrated. Herein, MPC1 was lowly expressed in LAC tissues and significantly associated with favorable survival of patients with LAC. Functionally, MPC1 markedly suppressed stemness, invasion, and migration in vitro and spreading growth of LAC cells in vivo. Further study revealed that MPC1 could interact with mitochondrial signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (mito-STAT3), disrupting the distribution of STAT3 and reducing cytoplasmic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (cyto-STAT3) as well as its phosphorylation, while the activation of cyto-STAT3 by IL-6 reversed the attenuated malignant progression in MPC1-overexpression LAC cells. Collectively, we reveal that MPC1/STAT3 axis plays an important role in the progression of LAC, and our work may promote the development of new therapeutic strategies for LAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zou
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Anmei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mao Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Yubei District People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianmei Wen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Cui
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenjuan Fu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruilian Yu
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Haitao Lan
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Qichao Xie
- Department of Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoxiang Jin
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.
| | - Chuan Xu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China. .,Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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26
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Xie L, Li M, Liu D, Wang X, Wang P, Dai H, Yang W, Liu W, Hu X, Zhao M. Secalonic Acid-F, a Novel Mycotoxin, Represses the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via MARCH1 Regulation of the PI3K/AKT/β-catenin Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030393. [PMID: 30678274 PMCID: PMC6385111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a very common and significant health problem. Therefore, powerful molecular targeting agents are urgently needed. Previously, we demonstrated that secalonic acid-F (SAF) suppresses the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells (HepG2), but the other anticancer biological functions and the underlying mechanism of SAF on HCC are unknown. In this study, we found that SAF, which was isolated from a fungal strain in our lab identified as Aspergillus aculeatus, could inhibit the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting MARCH1, which regulates the PI3K/AKT/β-catenin and antiapoptotic Mcl-1/Bcl-2 signaling cascades. First, we confirmed that SAF reduced the proliferation and colony formation of HCC cell lines (HepG2 and Hep3B), promoted cell apoptosis, and inhibited the cell cycle in HepG2 and Hep3B cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the migration and invasion of HepG2 and Hep3B cells treated with SAF were significantly suppressed. Western blot analysis showed that the level of MARCH1 was downregulated by pretreatment with SAF through the regulation of the PI3K/AKT/β-catenin signaling pathways. Moreover, knockdown of MARCH1 by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting MARCH1 also suppressed the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion as well as increased the apoptotic rate of HepG2 and Hep3B cells. These data confirmed that the downregulation of MARCH1 could inhibit the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and that the mechanism may be via PI3K/AKT/β-catenin inactivation as well as the downregulation of the antiapoptotic Mcl-1/Bcl-2. In vivo, the downregulation of MARCH1 by treatment with SAF markedly inhibited tumor growth, suggesting that SAF partly blocks MARCH1 and further regulates the PI3K/AKT/β-catenin and antiapoptosis Mcl-1/Bcl-2 signaling cascade in the HCC nude mouse model. Additionally, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were increased in tumors after SAF treatment in a mouse model. Taken together, our findings suggest that MARCH1 is a potential molecular target for HCC treatment and that SAF is a promising agent targeting MARCH1 to treat liver cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xie
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Minjing Li
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Desheng Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Hanhan Dai
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Xuemei Hu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Mingdong Zhao
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
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PHF20L1 antagonizes SOX2 proteolysis triggered by the MLL1/WDR5 complexes. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1627-1641. [PMID: 30089852 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional factor SOX2 regulates stem cell pluripotency, cell differentiation and tumorigenesis. As a key factor, the expression of SOX2 is tightly regulated at transcriptional and post-translational levels. However, the underlying mechanism of SOX2 protein stability remains to be elucidated. Here we show that the histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL1/WDR5 complexes physically interact with SOX2 and evoke SOX2 proteolysis, possibly through methylation on a potential site lysine 42 (K42). Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing of the components of the MLL1/WDR5 complexes WDR5, MLL1, RBBP5, and ASH2L lead to the accumulation of SOX2, while forced expression of WDR5 promotes SOX2 ubiquitination and proteolysis. Conversely, PHD finger protein 20-like protein 1 (PHF20L1) associates with SOX2, antagonizes SOX2 ubiquitination and the sequential degradation induced by the MLL1/WDR5 complexes. RNA interferences of PHF20L1 promote the degradation of SOX2, while forced expression of PHF20L1 stabilizes SOX2. Co-silencing of MLL1/WDR5 components and PHF20L1 preclude degradation of SOX2 induced by knockdown of PHF20L1. Moreover, co-expression of PHF20L1 and WDR5 prevent ubiquitination of SOX2 triggered by WDR5 over-expression. However, SOX2 mutant K42R is non-sensitive to the MLL1/WDR5 complexes or PHF20L1. In addition, PHF20L1 may regulate the stability of SOX2 through its malignant brain tumor (MBT) domain, since the degradation of SOX2 is accelerated by UNC1215 and UNC669, inhibitors that bind to the MBT domain. Furthermore, abundant expression of SOX2 is highly correlated to immature ovarian teratoma. Loss of PHF20L1 weakened the tumor initiation ability of PA-1 cells while ablation of MLL1 promoted the growth of tumors. Thus, our studies reveal an antagonistic mechanism by which the protein stability of SOX2 is regulated by the MLL1/WDR5 complexes and PHF20L1, possibly through methylation of SOX2 protein, and provide a novel perspective on SOX2-positive cancer treatment.
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Basu D, Salgado CM, Bauer B, Khakoo Y, Patel JR, Hoehl RM, Bertolini DM, Zabec J, Brzozowski MR, Reyes-Múgica M. The Dual PI3K/mToR Inhibitor Omipalisib/GSK2126458 Inhibits Clonogenic Growth in Oncogenically-transformed Cells from Neurocutaneous Melanocytosis. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:239-248. [PMID: 29976629 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omipalisib has been found to affect the viability of cancer cells. However, its effect on clonogenicity - a feature of cancer stem cells, is not clear. Cells isolated from neurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM) patients' lesions grow clonogenically. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of omipalisib treatment on clonogenic growth of NCM cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clonogenic growth efficiency was evaluated by colony formation assays with or without specific growth factors. Activation of MEK and Akt was determined by immunoblots. Colony formation and cell viability were assessed upon pharmacological inhibition of MEK, Akt and mToR. RESULTS Clonogenicity appeared to depend on bFGF and IGF1signaling through ERK and Akt. Omipalisib treatment prevented colony formation and induced autophagic cell death. CONCLUSION Signaling through Akt is important for survival of clonogenic cells in NCM, and omipalisib treatment as a monotherapy or in combination with MEK162 could be an effective therapeutic strategy to inhibit clonogenic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Basu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Cláudia M Salgado
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Bruce Bauer
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, North Shore University Health System, Northbrook, IL, U.S.A
| | - Yasmin Khakoo
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, U.S.A.,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Janki R Patel
- Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Ryan M Hoehl
- Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Dominique M Bertolini
- Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Joie Zabec
- Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Morgan R Brzozowski
- Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
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29
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Aggelidakis J, Berdiaki A, Nikitovic D, Papoutsidakis A, Papachristou DJ, Tsatsakis AM, Tzanakakis GN. Biglycan Regulates MG63 Osteosarcoma Cell Growth Through a LPR6/β-Catenin/IGFR-IR Signaling Axis. Front Oncol 2018; 8:470. [PMID: 30406034 PMCID: PMC6206209 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biglycan, a small leucine rich proteoglycan (SLRP), is an important participant in bone homeostasis and development as well as in bone pathology. In the present study biglycan was identified as a positive regulator of MG63 osteosarcoma cell growth (p ≤ 0.001). IGF-I was shown to increase biglycan expression (p ≤ 0.01), whereas biglycan-deficiency attenuated significantly both basal and IGF-I induced cell proliferation of MG63 cells (p ≤ 0.001; p ≤ 0.01, respectively). These effects were executed through the IGF-IR receptor whose activation was strongly attenuated (p ≤ 0.01) in biglycan-deficient MG63 cells. Biglycan, previously shown to regulate Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was demonstrated to induce a significant increase in β-catenin protein expression evident at cytoplasmic (p ≤ 0.01), membrane (p ≤ 0.01), and nucleus fractions in MG63 cells (p ≤ 0.05). As demonstrated by immunofluorescence, increase in β-catenin expression is attributed to co-localization of biglycan with the Wnt co-receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) resulting in attenuated β-catenin degradation. Furthermore, applying anti-β-catenin and anti-pIGF-IR antibodies to MG-63 cells demonstrated a cytoplasmic and to the membrane interaction between these molecules that increased upon exogenous biglycan treatment. In parallel, the downregulation of biglycan significantly inhibited both basal and IGF-I-dependent ERK1/2 activation, (p ≤ 0.001). In summary, we report a novel mechanism where biglycan through a LRP6/β-catenin/IGF-IR signaling axis enhances osteosarcoma cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Aggelidakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonis Papoutsidakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dionysios J Papachristou
- Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George N Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Ren Y, Zhao S, Jiang D, Feng X, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Wang Z, Zhang W, Zhou QF, Li Y, Hou H, Xu Y, Zhou F. Proteomic biomarkers for lung cancer progression. Biomark Med 2018; 12:205-215. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous-cell carcinoma (LUSC) are two major subtypes of lung cancer and constitute about 70% of all the lung cancer cases. The patient's lifespan and living quality will be significantly improved if they are diagnosed at an early stage and adequately treated. Methods & results: This study comprehensively screened the proteomic dataset of both LUAD and LUSC, and proposed classification models for the progression stages of LUAD and LUSC with accuracies 86.51 and 89.47%, respectively. Discussion & conclusion: A comparative analysis was also carried out on related transcriptomic datasets, which indicates that the proposed biomarkers provide discerning power for accurate stage prediction, and will be improved when larger-scale proteomic quantitative technologies become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Ren
- College of Computer Science & Technology, & Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Shishun Zhao
- Center for Applied Statistical Research, College of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Center for Applied Statistical Research, College of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Computer Science & Technology, & Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Yexian Zhang
- College of Computer Science & Technology, & Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Wei
- College of Computer Science & Technology, & Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- College of Computer Science & Technology, & Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Wenniu Zhang
- College of Computer Science & Technology, & Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Qing F Zhou
- School of Electrical Engineering & Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523000, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hanxu Hou
- School of Electrical Engineering & Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523000, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- College of Computer Science & Technology, & College of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Fengfeng Zhou
- College of Computer Science & Technology, & Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
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31
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Zhao X, Liu X, Wang G, Wen X, Zhang X, Hoffman AR, Li W, Hu JF, Cui J. Loss of insulin-like growth factor II imprinting is a hallmark associated with enhanced chemo/radiotherapy resistance in cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51349-51364. [PMID: 27275535 PMCID: PMC5239480 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) is maternally imprinted in most tissues, but the epigenetic regulation of the gene in cancer stem cells (CSCs) has not been defined. To study the epigenetic mechanisms underlying self-renewal, we isolated CSCs and non-CSCs from colon cancer (HT29, HRT18, HCT116), hepatoma (Hep3B), breast cancer (MCF7) and prostate cancer (ASPC) cell lines. In HT29 and HRT18 cells that show loss of IGF2 imprinting (LOI), IGF2 was biallelically expressed in the isolated CSCs. Surprisingly, we also found loss of IGF2 imprinting in CSCs derived from cell lines HCT116 and ASPC that overall demonstrate maintenance of IGF2 imprinting. Using chromatin conformation capture (3C), we found that intrachromosomal looping between the IGF2 promoters and the imprinting control region (ICR) was abrogated in CSCs, in parallel with loss of IGF2 imprinting in these CSCs. Loss of imprinting led to increased IGF2 expression in CSCs, which have a higher rate of colony formation and greater resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in vitro. These studies demonstrate that IGF2 LOI is a common feature in CSCs, even when the stem cells are derived from a cell line in which the general population of cells maintain IGF2 imprinting. This finding suggests that aberrant IGF2 imprinting may be an intrinsic epigenetic control mechanism that enhances stemness, self-renewal and chemo/radiotherapy resistance in cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.,Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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Gupta N, Gopal K, Wu C, Alshareef A, Chow A, Wu F, Wang P, Ye X, Bigras G, Lai R. Phosphorylation of Sox2 at Threonine 116 is a Potential Marker to Identify a Subset of Breast Cancer Cells with High Tumorigenecity and Stem-Like Features. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10020041. [PMID: 29401647 PMCID: PMC5836073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified a novel phenotypic dichotomy in breast cancer (BC) based on the response to a SRR2 (Sox2 regulatory region 2) reporter, with reporter responsive (RR) cells being more tumorigenic/stem-like than reporter unresponsive (RU) cells. Since the expression level of Sox2 is comparable between the two cell subsets, we hypothesized that post-translational modifications of Sox2 contribute to their differential reporter response and phenotypic differences. By liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we found Sox2 to be phosphorylated in RR but not RU cells. Threonine 116 is an important phosphorylation site, since transfection of the T116A mutant into RR cells significantly decreased the SRR2 reporter luciferase activity and the RR-associated phenotype. Oxidative stress-induced conversion of RU into RR cells was accompanied by Sox2 phosphorylation at T116 and increased Sox2-DNA binding. In a cohort of BC, we found significant correlations between the proportion of tumor cells immuno-reactive with anti-phosphorylated Sox2T116 and a high tumor grade (p = 0.006), vascular invasion (p = 0.001) and estrogen receptor expression (p = 0.032). In conclusion, our data suggests that phosphorylation of Sox2T116 contributes to the tumorigenic/stem-like features in RR cells. Detection of phospho-Sox2T116 may be useful in identifying a small subset of tumor cells carrying stem-like/tumorigenic features in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Keshav Gopal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Chengsheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Abdulraheem Alshareef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Alexandra Chow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Xiaoxia Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Gilbert Bigras
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
- DynaLIFEDX Medical Laboratories, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
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Association of SOX2 and Nestin DNA amplification and protein expression with clinical features and overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:34520-31. [PMID: 27150062 PMCID: PMC5085173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to now, the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poor. With progress of cancer biology, a number of genes have been investigated for predicting prognosis of NSCLC, such as cancer stem cell markers SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2) and Nestin. Recently, a series of studies have been performed to examine the associations of SOX2 and Nestin with clinical parameters and prognosis in NSCLC, however, the results were not consistent. In the present study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the associations. Four English databases (PubMed, ISI web of science, Embase, and Ovid) were used to search the relevant studies with the last date of November 10, 2015. The pooling analyses were stratified by DNA amplification and protein expression. The pooling ORs or HRs were used to assess the strength of the associations. Finally, we included 19 articles for SOX2 and six articles for Nestin according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pooling analyses revealed that there were significant associations between SOX2 DNA amplification and clinical features of NSCLC, gender, smoking status, squamous cell cancer (SCC) histology, and differentiations. And significant associations were also identified between SOX2 protein expression and clinical parameters, smoking status and SCC histology. For Nestin, its protein expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and stage. Simultaneously, we found that high/positive SOX2 alterations, either DNA amplification or protein expression, were favorable for overall survival (OS) in NSCLC. On the contrary, high/positive Nestin protein expression was poor for OS.
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Qin N, Wang C, Zhu M, Lu Q, Ma Z, Huang M, Dai J, Ma H, Jin G, Hu Z, Shen H. Fine-mapping the MHC region in Asian populations identified novel variants modifying susceptibility to lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2017; 112:169-175. [PMID: 29191591 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a vital role in the immune system and drives predisposition to multiple cancers. A number of lung cancer-related genetic variants in the MHC have been identified in recent genome-wide association studies; however, the causal variants remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we conducted a large-scale fine-mapping study of lung cancer in the MHC region of 13,945 unrelated Asian individuals to search for potential causal variants. We used the recently constructed Pan-Asian panel as the reference and imputed eight HLA genes (HLA-A, HLC-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DPA1, and HLA-DPB1) using SNP2HLA software. RESULTS We identified one single nucleotide polymorphism, rs12333226 (OR=1.41, P=3.97×10-7), five HLA amino acid polymorphisms in HLA-DRB1 (OR=0.89, P=7.51×10-6-8.57×10-6), and one two-digit classic HLA allele HLA-A*11 (OR=0.87, P=9.68×10-6) that were strongly associated with the risk of lung cancer. Rs12333226 was an expression quantitative trait locus of HLA-A and HLA-H in circulating monocytes, and exerted effect on lung cancer risk especially in the younger. HLA-DRβ1 positions 10, 16, and 25 drove the effect of one reported SNP rs2395185. The peptide position analysis identified additional lung cancer susceptibility amino acid positions, including HLA-DRβ1 position 30 and 11 (Pomnibus=6.11×10-5 and 6.91×10-5), HLA-DQa1 47 and 76 (Pomnibus=3.96×10-4 and 1.41×10-2) and HLA-A 152 (Pomnibus=4.86×10-4). Most of the peptide positions were located in the peptide-binding grooves and seemed to affect antigen presentation. All the existing and novel variants explained approximately 2.37% of the phenotypic variances, while 21.10% was attributed to the variants identified in this study. CONCLUSION We identified seven novel bi-allelic variants and five polymorphic amino acid positions in HLA-DRβ1, HLA-DQα1, and HLA-A that confer a risk of lung cancer. This finding provides evidence for the substantial contributions of HLA class I and II molecules to lung cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211116, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zijian Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Mingtao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Yang J, Han F, Liu W, Zhang M, Huang Y, Hao X, Jiang X, Yin L, Chen H, Cao J, Zhang H, Liu J. LHX6, An Independent Prognostic Factor, Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression through Transcriptional Silencing of β-catenin. J Cancer 2017; 8:2561-2574. [PMID: 28900494 PMCID: PMC5595086 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Our previous study identified LIM homeobox domain 6 (LHX6) as a frequently epigenetically silenced tumor-suppressor gene in lung cancer. However, its clinical value has never been evaluated, and the in-depth anti-tumor mechanism remains unclear. Methods: Public database was used for lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous carcinoma patients and tissue microarray data was used for lung adenocarcinoma patients to study prognostic outcome of LHX6 expression by Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression analysis. In vitro proliferation, metastasis and in vivo nude mice model were used to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of LHX6 on lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. The mechanisms were explored using western blot, TOP/FOP flash assays and luciferase reporter assays. LHX6 expression and clinical stages data were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). Results: Expression of LHX6 was found to be a favorable independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) of total lung adenocarcinoma patients (P=0.014) and patients with negative lymph nodes status (P=0.014) but not related the prognostic outcome of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients. The expression status of LHX6 significantly correlated to histological grade (P<0.01), tumor size (P=0.026), lymph node status (P=0.039) and clinical stages (P<0.01) of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Functionally, LHX6 inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, LHX6 suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through transcriptionally silencing the expression of β-catenin, and the promoter region (-1161 bp to +27 bp) was crucial for its inhibitory activity. Conclusions: Our data indicate that the expression of LHX6 may serve as a favorable prognostic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma patients and provide a novel mechanism of LHX6 involving in the tumorigenesis of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntang Yang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Mingqian Zhang
- Department of emergency, Yan'an Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Huang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xianglin Hao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Li Yin
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Huidong Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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Zeng S, Seifert AM, Zhang JQ, Cavnar MJ, Kim TS, Balachandran VP, Santamaria-Barria JA, Cohen NA, Beckman MJ, Medina BD, Rossi F, Crawley MH, Loo JK, Maltbaek JH, Besmer P, Antonescu CR, DeMatteo RP. Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Contributes to Tumor Malignancy and Is Targetable in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1954-1966. [PMID: 28611108 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common type of sarcoma and usually harbors either a KIT or PDGFRA mutation. However, the molecular basis for tumor malignancy is not well defined. Although the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is important in a variety of cancers, its role in GIST is uncertain. Through analysis of nearly 150 human GIST specimens, we found that some human GISTs expressed β-catenin and contained active, dephosphorylated nuclear β-catenin. Furthermore, advanced human GISTs expressed reduced levels of the Wnt antagonist DKK4. Accordingly, in human GIST T1 cells, Wnt stimulation increased β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity in a reporter assay as well as transcription of the downstream target genes Axin2 and CCND1 In contrast, DKK4 overexpression in GIST T1 cells reduced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, we showed that nuclear β-catenin stability was partially regulated by the E3 ligase COP1, as demonstrated with coimmunoprecipitation and COP1 knockdown. Three molecular inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway demonstrated antitumor efficacy in various GIST models, both in vitro and in vivo Notably, the tankyrase inhibitor G007-LK alone had substantial activity against tumors of genetically engineered KitV558Δ/+ mice, and the effect was increased by the addition of the Kit inhibitor imatinib mesylate. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a novel therapeutic target for selected untreated or imatinib-resistant GISTs. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1954-66. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Adrian M Seifert
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Q Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Cavnar
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vinod P Balachandran
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Noah A Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Beckman
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin D Medina
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ferdinand Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Megan H Crawley
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer K Loo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joanna H Maltbaek
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter Besmer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ronald P DeMatteo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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Humar M, Kern I, Vlacic G, Hadzic V, Cufer T. Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Expression in Advanced Non-small-cell Lung Cancer and its Impact on Overall Survival. Radiol Oncol 2017; 51:195-202. [PMID: 28740455 PMCID: PMC5514660 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2017-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) expression has been addressed as a potential prognostic marker in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in various studies; however, the associations between IGF1R expression and prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients is still controversial. The aim of our observational, cohort study was to evaluate the expression of IGF1R in advanced NSCLC and its prognostic role. A subgroup analysis was performed to address the influence of pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status on IGF1R expression and overall survival (OS). PATIENTS AND METHODS IGF1R expression was evaluated in 167 consecutive advanced NSCLC patients (stage IIIB and IV), diagnosed and treated at one university institution, between 2005 and 2010. All patients received at least one line of standard cytotoxic therapy and 18 of them had pre-existing T2DM. IGF1R expression was determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, with score ≥ 1+ considered as positive. Information on baseline characteristics, as well as patients' follow-up data, were obtained from the hospital registry. Associations of IGF1R expression with clinical characteristics and overall survival were compared. RESULTS IGF1R expression was positive in 79.6% of patients, significantly more often in squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) compared to non-squamous-cell (NSCC) histology (88.7% vs. 74.3%; P = 0.03). IGF1R positivity did not correlate with T2DM status or with other clinical features (sex, smoking status, performance status). Median OS was similar between IGF1R positive and IGF1R negative group (10.2 vs. 8.5 months, P = 0.168) and between patients with or without T2DM (8.7 vs. 9.8 months, P = 0.575). Neither IGF1R expression nor T2DM were significant predictors of OS. CONCLUSIONS IGF1R or T2DM status were not significantly prognostic in described above collective of advanced NSCLC treated with at least one line of chemotherapy. In addition, no association between T2DM status and IGF1R expression was found. Further studies on IGF1R expression and its prognostic as well as therapeutic consequences in a larger collective of advanced NSCLC patients, with or without T2DM, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Humar
- General hospital of Nova Gorica, Ulica padlih borcev 13a, 5290 Šempeter Pri Gorici, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Vedran Hadzic
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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38
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The Roles of Insulin-Like Growth Factors in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Niche. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:9453108. [PMID: 28298931 PMCID: PMC5337393 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9453108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many tissues contain adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which may be used in tissue regeneration therapies. However, the MSC availability in most tissues is limited which demands expansion in vitro following isolation. Like many developing cells, the state of MSCs is affected by the surrounding microenvironment, and mimicking this natural microenvironment that supports multipotent or differentiated state in vivo is essential to understand for the successful use of MSC in regenerative therapies. Many researchers are, therefore, optimizing cell culture conditions in vitro by altering growth factors, extracellular matrices, chemicals, oxygen tension, and surrounding pH to enhance stem cells self-renewal or differentiation. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) system has been demonstrated to play an important role in stem cell biology to either promote proliferation and self-renewal or enhance differentiation onset and outcome, depending on the cell culture conditions. In this review, we will describe the importance of IGFs, IGF-1 and IGF-2, in development and in the MSC niche and how they affect the pluripotency or differentiation towards multiple lineages of the three germ layers.
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Jin J, Zhan P, Katoh M, Kobayashi SS, Phan K, Qian H, Li H, Wang X, Wang X, Song Y. Prognostic significance of β-catenin expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2017; 6:97-108. [PMID: 28331830 PMCID: PMC5344847 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2017.02.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-catenin is a key component of the canonical Wnt pathway, which plays pivotal roles in malignant transformation and cancer progression. Several studies have reported the clinical significance of the expression level of β-catenin in different subcellular locations. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the prognostic value of β-catenin expression patterns in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS PubMed and Embase databases were searched to identify all articles referring to the association between β-catenin expression level and outcomes of patients of NSCLC up to November 2016. We included eligible studies to summarize the extracted data in terms of pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS A total of 24 studies published between 2000 and 2016 were eligible for this meta-analysis. The total number of patients with NSCLC included was 2,807. Pooled HRs and 95% CIs suggested that positive β-catenin expression in membrane was associated with higher survival rates (HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.32-0.87), whereas β-catenin expression in cytoplasm and nucleus had unfavorable impacts on survival rates with HR of 1.63 (95% CI: 1.34-1.99) and HR of 3.15 (95% CI: 1.97-5.05), respectively. But, there was no significant association between β-catenin expression in abnormal pattern with prognosis (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.61-3.15). Publication bias was absent in all of the four outcomes. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the results of this meta-analysis were robust. CONCLUSIONS Reduced membranous β-catenin, positive expression of cytoplasmic or nuclear β-catenin is all correlated with poor prognosis, although we did not identify a significant association between abnormal β-catenin expression and clinical outcome of NSCLC patients. The meta-analysis suggested that membranous, cytoplasmic and nuclear β-catenin all could serve as an important prognosticator for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Masaru Katoh
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 1040045, Japan
| | - Susumu S Kobayashi
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02215, USA
| | - Kevin Phan
- The Collaborative Research (CORE) Group, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, China
| | - Xihua Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
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Le Coz V, Zhu C, Devocelle A, Vazquez A, Boucheix C, Azzi S, Gallerne C, Eid P, Lecourt S, Giron-Michel J. IGF-1 contributes to the expansion of melanoma-initiating cells through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Oncotarget 2016; 7:82511-82527. [PMID: 27764776 PMCID: PMC5347710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a particularly virulent human cancer, due to its resistance to conventional treatments and high frequency of metastasis. Melanomas contain a fraction of cells, the melanoma-initiating cells (MICs), responsible for tumor propagation and relapse. Identification of the molecular pathways supporting MICs is, therefore, vital for the development of targeted treatments. One factor produced by melanoma cells and their microenvironment, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF- 1), is linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness features in several cancers.We evaluated the effect of IGF-1 on the phenotype and chemoresistance of B16-F10 cells. IGF-1 inhibition in these cells prevented malignant cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and lung colony formation in immunodeficient mice. IGF-1 downregulation also markedly inhibited EMT, with low levels of ZEB1 and mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, CD44, CD29, CD105) associated with high levels of E-cadherin and MITF, the major regulator of melanocyte differentiation. IGF-1 inhibition greatly reduced stemness features, including the expression of key stem markers (SOX2, Oct-3/4, CD24 and CD133), and the functional characteristics of MICs (melanosphere formation, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, side population). These features were associated with a high degree of sensitivity to mitoxantrone treatment.In this study, we deciphered new connections between IGF-1 and stemness features and identified IGF-1 as instrumental for maintaining the MIC phenotype. The IGF1/IGF1-R nexus could be targeted for the development of more efficient anti-melanoma treatments. Blocking the IGF-1 pathway would improve the immune response, decrease the metastatic potential of tumor cells and sensitize melanoma cells to conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Le Coz
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Chaobin Zhu
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Aurore Devocelle
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Aimé Vazquez
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Claude Boucheix
- INSERM UMRS 1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Sandy Azzi
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Cindy Gallerne
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Pierre Eid
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Séverine Lecourt
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Julien Giron-Michel
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
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Ghatak S, Raha S. Differential alterations of positive and negative regulators of beta catenin enhance endogenous expression and activity of beta catenin in A549 non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Genes Dis 2016; 3:282-288. [PMID: 30258898 PMCID: PMC6147136 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta catenin has been well documented in previous studies to be involved in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Beta catenin abundance and transcriptional activity are significantly regulated by several factors. Though it is well known that Akt and Gsk3 beta are respective positive and negative regulators of beta catenin, however, no single study has so far documented how the expression and activity of both positive as well as negative regulators play favorable role on beta catenin expression and activity in NSCLC. In this study, we compared expression and activity of beta catenin and its regulators in normal lung cell WI38 and NSCLC cell A549 by western blot, qRT-PCR and luciferase assay. We observed that beta catenin positive regulators (Akt and Hsp90) and negative regulators (Gsk3 beta and microRNA-214) have differential expression and/or activity in NSCLC cell A549. However the differentially altered statuses of both the positive and negative regulators rendered cumulative positive effect on beta catenin expression and activity in A549. Our study thus suggests that chemotherapeutic modulations of regulating factors are crucial when abrogation and/or inhibition of key oncogenic proteins are necessary for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Ghatak
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Sanghamitra Raha
- Department of Biotechnology and ISERC, Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, India
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Kang X, Wei X, Jiang L, Niu C, Zhang J, Chen S, Meng D. Nox2 and Nox4 regulate self-renewal of murine induced-pluripotent stem cells. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:963-970. [PMID: 27797149 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox homeostasis have a pivotal role in the maintenance of stem cell pluripotency and in stem cell self-renewal; however, the mechanisms by which ROS regulate the self-renewal of stem cells have not been thoroughly studied. Here, we evaluated the role of the ROS produced by NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in the self-renewal and stemness of murine induced-pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs). Targeted silencing of Nox2 or Nox4 reduced both NADPH oxidase activity and intracellular ROS levels, as well as alkaline phosphatase activity, the total number of miPSCs, the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 receptor, and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. Nox2/Nox4 overexpression or low, nontoxic concentration of H2 O2 increased cell proliferation in miPSCs. Furthermore, expression of the stemness genes Sox2 and Oct4 was lower in Nox2/Nox4-deficient miPSCs, and higher in Nox2/Nox4-overexpressing miPSCs, than in miPSCs with normal levels of Nox2/Nox4 expression. Collectively, these results suggest that Nox2- and Nox4-derived ROS contribute to stem cell pluripotency maintenance and self-renewal. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(12):963-970, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangxiang Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Niu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sifeng Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kim Y, Jin D, Lee BB, Cho EY, Han J, Shim YM, Kim HK, Kim DH. Overexpression of β-Catenin and Cyclin D1 is Associated with Poor Overall Survival in Patients with Stage IA-IIA Squamous Cell Lung Cancer Irrespective of Adjuvant Chemotherapy. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:2193-2201. [PMID: 27498289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was aimed at understanding the effect of β-catenin and cyclin D1 on overall survival in patients with early-stage NSCLC and at evaluating if the prognostic effect can be modified by adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 using immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 576 patients with early-stage NSCLC. RESULTS The median duration of follow-up was 5.1 years. Overexpression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 was found in 56% and 50% of 576 cases, respectively. Overexpression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 was significantly associated with poor overall survival (p = 0.003 and p = 0.0009, respectively; log rank test) in squamous cell carcinomas, not in adenocarcinomas. The prognostic significance of each protein in the squamous cell carcinomas was limited to stages IA, IB, and IIA. In addition, simultaneous overexpression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 in the squamous cell carcinomas synergistically increased hazard ratios (HRs) 15.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09-51.23; p =0.04) for stage IA, 10.30 (95% CI = 2.29-46.41; p = 0.002) for stage 1B, and 3.55 (95% CI = 1.22-10.36; p = 0.02) times for stage 2A compared to those without overexpression of the two proteins, after adjusting for confounding factors. In addition, the effect was not dependent on adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that simultaneous overexpression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 may be associated with poor overall survival irrespective of platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IA-IIA squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - DongHao Jin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Bo Bin Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun Yoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joungho Han
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Mog Shim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Kwan Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk-Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Liu Z, Zhang J, Kang H, Sun G, Wang B, Wang Y, Yang M. Significance of stem cell marker Nanog gene in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2507-2510. [PMID: 27698819 PMCID: PMC5038557 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the stem cell marker, Nanog gene, for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer cases, and to study its application in the diagnosis of lung cancer. In total, 100 patients diagnosed with lung cancer between April, 2013 and May, 2015 were included in the present study. The patients were randomly divided into group A (lung cancer) and group B (squamous cell lung carcinoma). RT-PCR was used to detect the cancer and adjacent tissues, and Nanog gene expression was detected in groups A and B in cells. The results showed that, analysis of Nanog gene expression in the two groups of patients varied to different degrees. There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to age, gender, disease stage and lymph node metastasis. Nanog gene expression in patients with carcinoma were significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues (p<0.05). By contrast, differentiated and well-differentiated carcinoma tissue showed a significantly higher Nanog gene expression than poorly differentiated and undifferentiated carcinoma (p<0.05). The expression of Nanog in normal cells was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues and benign lesions in lung cancer stem cells. Nanog was highly expressed in CD44+ cells, and Nanog expression in lung cancer stem cells was significantly higher (p<0.05). In conclusion, for groups A (lung cancer) and B (squamous cell lung carcinoma) the Nanog gene expression was significantly higher. The data of the present study show that the patients with stage III and IV lung cancer had a higher Nanog gene expression. In addition, there was a higher expression of Nanog in lung cancer patients. By contrast, a lower degree of cell differentiation was associated with strong Nanog gene expression in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central Hospital of Xiangyang, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Honggang Kang
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Guiming Sun
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Baozhong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Mengxiang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
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45
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Nurwidya F, Andarini S, Takahashi F, Syahruddin E, Takahashi K. Implications of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Activation in Lung Cancer. Malays J Med Sci 2016; 23:9-21. [PMID: 27418865 PMCID: PMC4934714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) has been intensively investigated in many preclinical studies using cell lines and animal models, and the results have provided important knowledge to help improve the understanding of cancer biology. IGF1R is highly expressed in patients with lung cancer, and high levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), the main ligand for IGF1R, increases the risk of developing lung malignancy in the future. Several phase I clinical trials have supported the potential use of an IGF1R-targeted strategy for cancer, including lung cancer. However, the negative results from phase III studies need further attention, especially in selecting patients with specific molecular signatures, who will gain benefits from IGF1R inhibitors with minimal side effects. This review will discuss the basic concept of IGF1R in lung cancer biology, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction and cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance, and also the clinical implications of IGF1R for lung cancer patients, such as prognostic value and cancer therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariz Nurwidya
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, University of Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jalan Persahabatan Raya No.1, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Sita Andarini
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, University of Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jalan Persahabatan Raya No.1, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Fumiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Elisna Syahruddin
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, University of Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jalan Persahabatan Raya No.1, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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NF-κB-driven suppression of FOXO3a contributes to EGFR mutation-independent gefitinib resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E2526-35. [PMID: 27091996 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1522612113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs, such as gefitinib or erlotinib) significantly prolongs survival time for patients with tumors harboring an activated mutation on EGFR; however, up to 40% of lung cancer patients exhibit acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs with an unknown mechanism. FOXO3a, a transcription factor of the forkhead family, triggers apoptosis, but the mechanistic details involved in EGFR-TKI resistance and cancer stemness remain largely unclear. Here, we observed that a high level of FOXO3a was correlated with EGFR mutation-independent EGFR-TKI sensitivity, the suppression of cancer stemness, and better progression-free survival in lung cancer patients. The suppression of FOXO3a obviously increased gefitinib resistance and enhanced the stem-like properties of lung cancer cells; consistent overexpression of FOXO3a in gefitinib-resistant lung cancer cells reduced these effects. Moreover, we identified that miR-155 targeted the 3'UTR of FOXO3a and was transcriptionally regulated by NF-κB, leading to repressed FOXO3a expression and increased gefitinib resistance, as well as enhanced cancer stemness of lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. Our findings indicate that FOXO3a is a significant factor in EGFR mutation-independent gefitinib resistance and the stemness of lung cancer, and suggest that targeting the NF-κB/miR-155/FOXO3a pathway has potential therapeutic value in lung cancer with the acquisition of resistance to EGFR-TKIs.
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Gu SY, Ho CC, Huang YK, Chen HW, Wang YC, Kuo CY, Teng SC, Fu WM, Yang PC, Wu CW, Peng FC, Ling TY. Acquisition of tumorigenic potential and enhancement of angiogenesis in pulmonary stem/progenitor cells through Oct-4 hyperexpression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:13917-31. [PMID: 26871601 PMCID: PMC4924688 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells, also known as cancer initiating cells (CICs), are considered to be responsible for tumor growth and chemoresistance. Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of CICs, including mutations in adult stem/progenitor cells or the acquisition of stem-like characteristics in differentiated cells; however, studies have yielded conflicting identification for CICs and have little information for the origin to generate CICs. Part of the difficulty in identifying CICs may stem from the fact that the CICs studied have been largely derived from cancer cell lines or well-developed tumors. In previous studies, we have reported the enrichment of mouse pulmonary stem/progenitor cells (mPSCs) by using serum-free primary selection culture followed by FACS isolation using the coxsackievirus/adenovirus receptor (CAR) as the positive selection marker. Here, we demonstrated that overexpression of the pluripotent transcription factor Oct-4 is sufficient to induce CAR+/mPSCs transformation, which we name CAR+/mPSCsOct-4_hi. These transformed cells possess cancer initiating and chemoresistance potential, as well as exhibiting remarkable expression of certain proangiogenic factors, including angiopoietins (ANGs) and VEGF, and enhanced angiogenic potential. Moreover, CAR+/mPSCsOct-4_hi actively participated in tumor blood vessel formation and triggered a novel angiogenic mechanism, the angiopoietins/Tie2 signaling pathway. These study provide critical evidence supporting the possible origin to generate CICs, and help elucidate the pathways responsible for CICs-mediated blood vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Yi Gu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Choa-Chi Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Teng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Mei Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chuo Peng
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thai-Yen Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Li P, Zhang G, Li J, Yang R, Chen S, Wu S, Zhang F, Bai Y, Zhao H, Wang Y, Dun S, Chen X, Sun Q, Zhao G. Long Noncoding RNA RGMB-AS1 Indicates a Poor Prognosis and Modulates Cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion in Lung Adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150790. [PMID: 26950071 PMCID: PMC4780832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It is a complex disease involving multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. The development of transcriptomics revealed the important role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in lung cancer occurrence and development. Here, microarray analysis of lung adenocarcinoma tissues showed the abnormal expression of lncRNA RGMB-AS1. However, the role of lncRNA RGMB-AS1 in lung adenocarcinoma remains largely unknown. We showed that upregulation of lncRNA RGMB-AS1 was significantly correlated with differentiation, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. In lung adenocarcinoma cells, downregulation of lncRNA RGMB-AS1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and caused cell cycle arrest at the G1/G0 phase. In vivo experiments showed that lncRNA RGMB-AS1 downregulation significantly suppressed the growth of lung adenocarcinoma. The expression of lncRNA RGMB-AS1 was inversely correlated with that of repulsive guidance molecule b (RGMB) in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and UCSC analysis and fluorescence detection assay indicated that lncRNA RGMB-AS1 may be involved in the development of human lung adenocarcinoma by regulating RGMB expression though exon2 of RGMB. In summary, our findings indicate that lncRNA RGMB-AS1 may play an important role in lung adenocarcinoma and may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- * E-mail: (GJZ); (GQZ)
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Shujun Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Furui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yong Bai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Huasi Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Shaozhi Dun
- Emergency Department, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- * E-mail: (GJZ); (GQZ)
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Yang J, Chen J, He J, Li J, Shi J, Cho WC, Liu X. Wnt signaling as potential therapeutic target in lung cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:999-1015. [PMID: 26882052 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1154945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wingless-type (Wnt) signaling is tightly regulated at multiple cellular levels and is dysregulated in lung cancer. Therefore, it offers therapeutic targets for developing novel agents for lung cancer treatment. AREAS COVERED In this article, we discuss the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in lung cancer, highlighting the aberrant activation of Wnt in lung cancer stem cells and its implication in resistance to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. We also expound the regulatory roles of microRNAs in Wnt signaling, as well as the potential of the Wnt pathway to provide biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung cancer. The potential use of small molecule and biological inhibitors targeting the Wnt pathway for lung cancer therapy and prevention is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Wnt signaling plays an important role in the development and metastasis of lung cancer; the pathway provides targets to develop agents towards for cancer prevention and therapy. A number of clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of Wnt pathway inhibitors in epithelial tumors. However, the side effects should be considered. Nevertheless, the results from clinical studies suggest that inhibitors targeting the Wnt signaling show promise against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- a Ningxia Key laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology , Center of Laboratory Medicine of General Hospital at Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia 750004 , China
| | - Juan Chen
- b Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia , China
| | - Jinxi He
- c Department of Thoracic Surgery , General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia , China
| | - Jing Li
- c Department of Thoracic Surgery , General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia , China
| | - Juan Shi
- a Ningxia Key laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology , Center of Laboratory Medicine of General Hospital at Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia 750004 , China
| | - William C Cho
- d Department of Clinical Oncology , Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- a Ningxia Key laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology , Center of Laboratory Medicine of General Hospital at Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia 750004 , China.,e Human Stem Cell Institute, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia , China
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50
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Yao C, Su L, Shan J, Zhu C, Liu L, Liu C, Xu Y, Yang Z, Bian X, Shao J, Li J, Lai M, Shen J, Qian C. IGF/STAT3/NANOG/Slug Signaling Axis Simultaneously Controls Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness Maintenance in Colorectal Cancer. Stem Cells 2016; 34:820-31. [PMID: 26840943 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are two milestones in people exploring the nature of malignant tumor in recent decades. Although some studies have presented the potential connections between them, the link details, underneath their superficial correlation, are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a small subpopulation of NANOG-positive colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and demonstrated that they exhibited characteristics of CSCs and EMT traits simultaneously. Furthermore, we found that NANOG was a core factor in regulating both of EMT and stemness in CRC cells, NANOG modulate EMT and metastasis by binding to Slug promoter and transcriptionally regulate Slug expression. For the first time, we demonstrated that NANOG was regulated by extracellular IGF signaling pathway via STAT3 phosphorylation in CRC. This coincides with that IGF receptor IGF-1R is often increasing expressed in malignant metastasis colon cancer. Taken together, our data define the crucial functions of IGF/STAT3/NANOG/Slug signaling axis in the progression of CRC by operating EMT and CSCs properties, which make them served as potential therapeutic targets for treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Su
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juanjuan Shan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuanlin Zhu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Limei Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chungang Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanmin Xu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jimin Shao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Shen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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