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Guo X, Peng K, He Y, Xue L. Mechanistic regulation of FOXO transcription factors in the nucleus. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189083. [PMID: 38309444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
FOXO proteins represent evolutionarily conserved transcription factors (TFs) that play critical roles in responding to various physiological signals or pathological stimuli, either through transcription-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Dysfunction of these proteins have been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. Although the regulation of FOXO TFs shuttling between the cytoplasm and the nucleus has been extensively studied and reviewed, there's still a lack of a comprehensive review focusing on the intricate interactions between FOXO, DNA, and cofactors in the regulation of gene expression. In this review, we aim to summarize recent advances and provide a detailed understanding of the mechanism underlying FOXO proteins binding to target DNA. Additionally, we will discuss the challenges associated with pharmacological approaches in modulating FOXO function, and explore the dynamic association between TF, DNA, and RNA on chromatin. This review will contribute to a better understanding of mechanistic regulations of eukaryotic TFs within the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China; The Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
| | - Kai Peng
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanwen He
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Rodriguez-Colman MJ, Dansen TB, Burgering BMT. FOXO transcription factors as mediators of stress adaptation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:46-64. [PMID: 37710009 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The forkhead box protein O (FOXO, consisting of FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4 and FOXO6) transcription factors are the mammalian orthologues of Caenorhabditis elegans DAF-16, which gained notoriety for its capability to double lifespan in the absence of daf-2 (the gene encoding the worm insulin receptor homologue). Since then, research has provided many mechanistic details on FOXO regulation and FOXO activity. Furthermore, conditional knockout experiments have provided a wealth of data as to how FOXOs control development and homeostasis at the organ and organism levels. The lifespan-extending capabilities of DAF-16/FOXO are highly correlated with their ability to induce stress response pathways. Exogenous and endogenous stress, such as cellular redox stress, are considered the main drivers of the functional decline that characterizes ageing. Functional decline often manifests as disease, and decrease in FOXO activity indeed negatively impacts on major age-related diseases such as cancer and diabetes. In this context, the main function of FOXOs is considered to preserve cellular and organismal homeostasis, through regulation of stress response pathways. Paradoxically, the same FOXO-mediated responses can also aid the survival of dysfunctional cells once these eventually emerge. This general property to control stress responses may underlie the complex and less-evident roles of FOXOs in human lifespan as opposed to model organisms such as C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias B Dansen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn M T Burgering
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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3
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Yoshioka T, Goda M, Kanda M, Itobayashi S, Sugimoto Y, Izawa‐Ishizawa Y, Yagi K, Aizawa F, Miyata K, Niimura T, Hamano H, Sakurada T, Zamami Y, Ishizawa K. Valproic acid treatment attenuates cisplatin-induced kidney injury by suppressing proximal tubular cell damage. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:2369-2381. [PMID: 37700528 PMCID: PMC10651653 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin treatment is effective against several types of carcinomas. However, it frequently leads to kidney injury, which warrants effective prevention methods. Sodium valproic acid is a prophylactic drug candidate with a high potential for clinical application against cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the prophylactic effect of valproic acid on cisplatin-induced kidney injury in a mouse model and HK2 and PODO cells with cisplatin-induced toxicity. In the mouse model of cisplatin-induced kidney injury, various renal function parameters and tubular damage scores were worsened by cisplatin, but they were significantly improved upon combination with valproic acid. No difference was observed in cisplatin accumulation between the cisplatin-treated and valproic acid-treated groups in whole blood and the kidneys. The mRNA expression levels of proximal tubular damage markers, apoptosis markers, and inflammatory cytokines significantly increased in the cisplatin group 72 h after cisplatin administration but significantly decreased upon combination with valproic acid. In HK2 cells, a human proximal tubular cell line, the cisplatin-induced decrease in cell viability was significantly suppressed by co-treatment with valproic acid. Valproic acid may inhibit cisplatin-induced kidney injury by suppressing apoptosis, inflammatory responses, and glomerular damage throughout the kidneys by suppressing proximal tubular cell damage. However, prospective controlled trials need to evaluate these findings before their practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Yoshioka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
- Department of PharmacyTokushima University HospitalTokushimaJapan
| | - Mitsuhiro Goda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
- Department of PharmacyTokushima University HospitalTokushimaJapan
| | - Masaya Kanda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
- Department of PharmacyTokushima University HospitalTokushimaJapan
| | - Sayuri Itobayashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Yugo Sugimoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Yuki Izawa‐Ishizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
- Department of General MedicineTaoka HospitalTokushimaJapan
| | - Kenta Yagi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
- Clinical Research Center for Developmental TherapeuticsTokushima University HospitalTokushimaJapan
| | - Fuka Aizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
- Department of PharmacyTokushima University HospitalTokushimaJapan
| | - Koji Miyata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Takahiro Niimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
- Clinical Research Center for Developmental TherapeuticsTokushima University HospitalTokushimaJapan
| | - Hirofumi Hamano
- Department of PharmacyOkayama University HospitalOkayamaJapan
| | - Takumi Sakurada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
- Department of PharmacyTokushima University HospitalTokushimaJapan
| | - Yoshito Zamami
- Department of PharmacyOkayama University HospitalOkayamaJapan
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
- Department of PharmacyTokushima University HospitalTokushimaJapan
- Clinical Research Center for Developmental TherapeuticsTokushima University HospitalTokushimaJapan
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4
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Torres-Montaner A. Interactions between the DNA Damage Response and the Telomere Complex in Carcinogenesis: A Hypothesis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7582-7616. [PMID: 37754262 PMCID: PMC10527771 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrary to what was once thought, direct cancer originating from normal stem cells seems to be extremely rare. This is consistent with a preneoplastic period of telomere length reduction/damage in committed cells that becomes stabilized in transformation. Multiple observations suggest that telomere damage is an obligatory step preceding its stabilization. During tissue turnover, the telomeres of cells undergoing differentiation can be damaged as a consequence of defective DNA repair caused by endogenous or exogenous agents. This may result in the emergence of new mechanism of telomere maintenance which is the final outcome of DNA damage and the initial signal that triggers malignant transformation. Instead, transformation of stem cells is directly induced by primary derangement of telomere maintenance mechanisms. The newly modified telomere complex may promote survival of cancer stem cells, independently of telomere maintenance. An inherent resistance of stem cells to transformation may be linked to specific, robust mechanisms that help maintain telomere integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Torres-Montaner
- Department of Pathology, Queen’s Hospital, Rom Valley Way, Romford, London RM7 OAG, UK;
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biologia Molecular, Universidad de Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
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5
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Gui T, Burgering BMT. FOXOs: masters of the equilibrium. FEBS J 2022; 289:7918-7939. [PMID: 34610198 PMCID: PMC10078705 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors (TFs) are a subclass of the larger family of forkhead TFs. Mammalians express four members FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6. The interest in FOXO function stems mostly from their observed role in determining lifespan, where in model organisms, increased FOXO activity results in extended lifespan. FOXOs act as downstream of several signaling pathway and are extensively regulated through post-translational modifications. The transcriptional program activated by FOXOs in various cell types, organisms, and under various conditions has been described and has shed some light on what the critical transcriptional targets are in mediating FOXO function. At the cellular level, these studies have revealed a role for FOXOs in cell metabolism, cellular redox, cell proliferation, DNA repair, autophagy, and many more. The general picture that emerges hereof is that FOXOs act to preserve equilibrium, and they are important for cellular homeostasis. Here, we will first briefly summarize the general knowledge of FOXO regulation and possible functions. We will use genomic stability to illustrate how FOXOs ensure homeostasis. Genomic stability is critical for maintaining genetic integrity, and therefore preventing disease. However, genomic mutations need to occur during lifetime to enable evolution, yet their accumulation is believed to be causative to aging. Therefore, the role of FOXO in genomic stability may underlie its role in lifespan and aging. Finally, we will come up with questions on some of the unknowns in FOXO function, the answer(s) to which we believe will further our understanding of FOXO function and ultimately may help to understand lifespan and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Gui
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Oncode Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn M T Burgering
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Oncode Institute, The Netherlands
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6
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Hao W, Dian M, Zhou Y, Zhong Q, Pang W, Li Z, Zhao Y, Ma J, Lin X, Luo R, Li Y, Jia J, Shen H, Huang S, Dai G, Wang J, Sun Y, Xiao D. Autophagy induction promoted by m 6A reader YTHDF3 through translation upregulation of FOXO3 mRNA. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5845. [PMID: 36195598 PMCID: PMC9532426 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is crucial for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and for cells to adapt to nutrient deficiency, and nutrient sensors regulating autophagy have been reported previously. However, the role of eiptranscriptomic modifications such as m6A in the regulation of starvation-induced autophagy is unclear. Here, we show that the m6A reader YTHDF3 is essential for autophagy induction. m6A modification is up-regulated to promote autophagosome formation and lysosomal degradation upon nutrient deficiency. METTL3 depletion leads to a loss of functional m6A modification and inhibits YTHDF3-mediated autophagy flux. YTHDF3 promotes autophagy by recognizing m6A modification sites around the stop codon of FOXO3 mRNA. YTHDF3 also recruits eIF3a and eIF4B to facilitate FOXO3 translation, subsequently initiating autophagy. Overall, our study demonstrates that the epitranscriptome regulator YTHDF3 functions as a nutrient responder, providing a glimpse into the post-transcriptional RNA modifications that regulate metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiChao Hao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - MeiJuan Dian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - QiuLing Zhong
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - WenQian Pang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - ZiJian Li
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - YaYan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - JiaCheng Ma
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 10084, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoLin Lin
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315, Guangzhou, China
| | - RenRu Luo
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - YongLong Li
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - JunShuang Jia
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - HongFen Shen
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - ShiHao Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - GuanQi Dai
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - JiaHong Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Sun
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dong Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
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7
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Liang H, Yang X, Li H, Wang X, Su H, Li X, Tian J, Cai C, Huang M, Bi H. Schisandrol B protects against cholestatic liver injury by inhibiting pyroptosis through pregnane X receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115222. [PMID: 35988735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that Schisandrol B (SolB) protected against lithocholic acid (LCA)-induced cholestatic liver injury (CLI) through pregnane X receptor (PXR). Additionally, growing evidence has revealed that pyroptosis is involved in CLI. Whether the hepatoprotective effect of SolB driven by PXR activation is related to pyroptosis in CLI remains unclear. First, the hepatoprotective effect of SolB was confirmed, as evidenced by the decreased mortality, morphological and histopathological changes, and biochemical parameters. The upregulated serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level, increased number of TUNEL-positive cells, and formation of hepatocyte membrane pores induced by LCA were significantly alleviated after SolB pretreatment, indicating that SolB attenuated LCA-induced hepatocyte damage. Further analysis revealed that both NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-induced canonical pyroptosis and apoptosis protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) pyroptosome-induced noncanonical pyroptosis were significantly inhibited after SolB pretreatment, as illustrated by the decreased expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and GSDMD and the levels of Apaf-1, caspase-11 p20, caspase-3 p20, and GSDME. Furthermore, the activation of the NF-κB and FoxO1 signaling pathways was inhibited after SolB pretreatment. In addition, the activation of PXR via SolB was proven by luciferase reporter gene assays and the upregulation of PXR targets. The results illustrated that SolB could significantly inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome-induced canonical pyroptosis through the PXR/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis and inhibit Apaf-1 pyroptosome-induced noncanonical pyroptosis through the PXR/FoxO1/Apaf-1 axis. Collectively, this study revealed that SolB protected against CLI by inhibiting pyroptosis through PXR, providing new insights for understanding the molecular mechanism of SolB as a promising anti-cholestatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangfei Liang
- Guandong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilin Li
- Guandong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiguo Su
- Guandong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Guandong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Tian
- Guandong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenghui Cai
- Guandong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- Guandong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huichang Bi
- Guandong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Abstract
Understanding autophagy regulation is instrumental in developing therapeutic interventions for autophagy-associated disease. Here, we identified SNAI2 as a regulator of autophagy from a genome-wide screen in HeLa cells. Upon energy stress, SNAI2 is transcriptionally activated by FOXO3 and interacts with FOXO3 to form a feed-forward regulatory loop to reinforce the expression of autophagy genes. Of note, SNAI2-increased FOXO3-DNA binding abrogates CRM1-dependent FOXO3 nuclear export, illuminating a pivotal role of DNA in the nuclear retention of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling proteins. Moreover, a dFoxO-Snail feed-forward loop regulates both autophagy and cell size in Drosophila, suggesting this evolutionarily conserved regulatory loop is engaged in more physiological activities. Autophagy is a highly conserved programmed degradation process that regulates a variety of physiological and pathological activities in health, aging, and disease. To identify additional factors that modulate autophagy, we utilized serum-free starvation or Torin1 to induce autophagy in HeLa cells for unbiased mRNA-sequencing analysis and identified SNAI2, a crucial player in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cancer progression, as a regulator of autophagy. Mechanistically, SNAI2 promotes autophagy by physically interacting with FOXO3 and enhancing FOXO3 binding affinity to its response elements in autophagy-related genes. Intriguingly, binding to the DNA targets appears necessary and sufficient for FOXO3 to antagonize its CRM1-dependent nuclear export, illustrating a critical role of DNA in regulating protein nuclear localization. Moreover, stress-elevated SNAI2 expression is mediated by FOXO3, which activates SNAI2 transcription by directly binding to its promoter. Herein, FOXO3 and SNAI2 form a coherent feed-forward regulatory loop to reinforce autophagy genes induction in response to energy stress. Strikingly, a dFoxO-Snail feed-forward circuit also regulates autophagy in Drosophila, suggesting this mechanism is evolutionarily conserved from fly to human.
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9
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Torres-Montaner A. The telomere complex and the origin of the cancer stem cell. Biomark Res 2021; 9:81. [PMID: 34736527 PMCID: PMC8567692 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exquisite regulation of telomere length is essential for the preservation of the lifetime function and self-renewal of stem cells. However, multiple oncogenic pathways converge on induction of telomere attrition or telomerase overexpression and these events can by themselves trigger malignant transformation. Activation of NFκB, the outcome of telomere complex damage, is present in leukemia stem cells but absent in normal stem cells and can activate DOT1L which has been linked to MLL-fusion leukemias. Tumors that arise from cells of early and late developmental stages appear to follow two different oncogenic routes in which the role of telomere and telomerase signaling might be differentially involved. In contrast, direct malignant transformation of stem cells appears to be extremely rare. This suggests an inherent resistance of stem cells to cancer transformation which could be linked to a stem cell’specific mechanism of telomere maintenance. However, tumor protection of normal stem cells could also be conferred by cell extrinsic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Torres-Montaner
- Department of Pathology, Queen's Hospital, Rom Valley Way, London, Romford, RM7 OAG, UK. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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10
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Tang Y, Jiang L, Zhao X, Hu D, Zhao G, Luo S, Du X, Tang W. FOXO1 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation via suppressing E2F1 activated NPRL2 expression. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2510-2520. [PMID: 34459063 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in our lab suggest that nitrogen permease regulator 2-like (NPRL2) upregulation in prostate cancer is associated with malignant behavior and poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of NPRL2 dysregulation remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the transcription factors (TFs) contributing to NPRL2 dysregulation in prostate cancer. Potential TFs were identified using prostate tissue/cell-specific chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq data collected in the Cistrome Data Browser and Signaling Pathways Project. Dual-luciferase assay and ChIP-qPCR assay were conducted to assess the binding and activating effect of TFs on the gene promoter. Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays were performed to assess cell proliferation. Results showed that E2F1 is a TF that bound to the NPRL2 promoter and activated its transcription. NPRL2 inhibition significantly alleviated E2F1 enhanced cell proliferation. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that E2F1 upregulation was associated with unfavorable progression-free survival and disease-specific survival. FOXO1 interacted and E2F1 in both PC3 and LNCaP cells and weakened the binding of E2F1 to the NPRL2 promoter. Functionally, FOXO1 overexpression significantly slowed the proliferation of PC3 and LNCaP cells and also decreased E2F1 enhanced cell proliferation. In summary, this study revealed a novel FOXO1/E2F1-NPRL2 regulatory axis in prostate cancer. E2F1 binds to the NPRL2 promoter and activates its transcription, while FOXO1 interacts with E2F1 and weakens its transcriptional activating effects. These findings help expand our understanding of the prostate cancer etiology and suggest that the FOXO1/E2F1-NPRL2 signaling axis might be a potential target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Daixing Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guozhi Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengjun Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Torres HM, VanCleave AM, Vollmer M, Callahan DL, Smithback A, Conn JM, Rodezno-Antunes T, Gao Z, Cao Y, Afeworki Y, Tao J. Selective Targeting of Class I Histone Deacetylases in a Model of Human Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4199. [PMID: 34439353 PMCID: PMC8394112 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is associated with the pathogenesis of human osteosarcoma, which may present an epigenetic vulnerability as well as a therapeutic target. Domatinostat (4SC-202) is a next-generation class I HDAC inhibitor that is currently being used in clinical research for certain cancers, but its impact on human osteosarcoma has yet to be explored. In this study, we report that 4SC-202 inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. By analyzing cell function in vitro, we show that the anti-tumor effect of 4SC-202 involves the combined induction of cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptotic program, as well as a reduction in cell invasion and migration capabilities. We also found that 4SC-202 has little capacity to promote osteogenic differentiation. Remarkably, 4SC-202 revised the global transcriptome and induced distinct signatures of gene expression in vitro. Moreover, 4SC-202 decreased tumor growth of established human tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice in vivo. We further reveal key targets regulated by 4SC-202 that contribute to tumor cell growth and survival, and canonical signaling pathways associated with progression and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Our study suggests that 4SC-202 may be exploited as a valuable drug to promote more effective treatment of patients with osteosarcoma and provide molecular insights into the mechanism of action of class I HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydee M. Torres
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Ashley M. VanCleave
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
| | - Mykayla Vollmer
- Medical Student Research Program, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA;
| | - Dakota L. Callahan
- Sanford Program for Undergraduate Research, University of Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Austyn Smithback
- Sanford PROMISE Scholar Program, Harrisburg High School, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Josephine M. Conn
- Sanford Program for Undergraduate Research, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA;
| | - Tania Rodezno-Antunes
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zili Gao
- Flow Cytometry Core at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Yuxia Cao
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yohannes Afeworki
- Functional Genomics & Bioinformatics Core Facility at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Jianning Tao
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
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12
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Nasrollahzadeh A, Momeny M, Fasehee H, Yaghmaie M, Bashash D, Hassani S, Mousavi SA, Ghaffari SH. Anti-proliferative activity of disulfiram through regulation of the AKT-FOXO axis: A proteomic study of molecular targets. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119087. [PMID: 34182011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to its potent anti-tumor activity, well-investigated pharmacokinetic properties and safety profile, disulfiram (DSF) has emerged as a promising candidate for drug repurposing in cancer therapy. Although several molecular mechanisms have been proposed for its anti-cancer effects, the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we showed that DSF inhibited proliferation of cancer cells by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, a G1 cell cycle arrest and autophagy. Moreover, DSF triggered apoptosis via suppression of the anti-apoptotic protein survivin. To elucidate the mechanisms for the anti-proliferative activities of DSF, we applied a 2-DE combined with MALDI-TOF-MS/MS analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins in breast cancer cells upon treatment with DSF. Nine differentially expressed proteins were identified among which, three candidates including calmodulin (CaM), peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) are involved in the regulation of the AKT signaling pathway. The results of western blot analysis confirmed that DSF inhibited p-AKT, suggesting that DSF induces its anti-tumor effects via AKT blockade. Moreover, we found that DSF increased the mRNA levels of FOXO1, FOXO3 and FOXO4, and upregulated the expression of their target genes involved in G1 cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy. Finally, DSF potentiated the anti-proliferative effects of well-known chemotherapeutic agents such as arsenic trioxide (ATO), doxorubicin, paclitaxel and cisplatin. Altogether, these findings provide mechanistic insights into the anti-growth activities of DSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nasrollahzadeh
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Momeny
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Hamidreza Fasehee
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran 14965/161, Iran
| | - Marjan Yaghmaie
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Hassani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Seyed A Mousavi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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The Roles of FOXO1 in Periodontal Homeostasis and Disease. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5557095. [PMID: 33860060 PMCID: PMC8026307 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5557095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an oral chronic inflammatory disease that is initiated by periodontal microbial communities and requires disruption of the homeostatic responses. The prevalence of periodontal disease increases with age; more than 70% of adults 65 years and older have periodontal disease. A pathogenic microbial community is required for initiating periodontal disease. Dysbiotic immune-inflammatory response and bone remodeling are characteristics of periodontitis. The transcription factor forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) is a key regulator of a number of cellular processes, including cell survival and differentiation, immune status, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and apoptosis. Although accumulating evidence indicates that FOXO1 activity can be induced by periodontal pathogens, the roles of FOXO1 in periodontal homeostasis and disease have not been well documented. The present review summarizes how the FOXO1 signaling axis can regulate periodontal bacteria-epithelial interactions, immune-inflammatory response, bone remodeling, and wound healing.
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14
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Xu J, Wang K, Zhang Z, Xue D, Li W, Pan Z. The Role of Forkhead Box Family in Bone Metabolism and Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:772237. [PMID: 35153742 PMCID: PMC8832510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.772237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box (Fox) family, an evolutionarily conserved family of transcription factors carrying the "Forkhead" motif, plays an indispensable role in human health and disease. Fox family genes are involved in cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, embryonic development, aging, glucose and lipid metabolism, and immune regulation. The regulatory role of the Fox family in the context of bone metabolism and orthopedic diseases is an emerging research hotspot. In this review, we highlight the major molecular mechanisms underlying the regulatory role of Fox factors in bone metabolism, bone development, bone homeostasis, and bone diseases associated with inhibition or upregulation of Fox factors. In addition, we discuss the emerging evidence in the realm of Fox factor-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kanbin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Zengjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deting Xue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Deting Xue, ; Weixu Li, ; Zhijun Pan,
| | - Weixu Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Deting Xue, ; Weixu Li, ; Zhijun Pan,
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Deting Xue, ; Weixu Li, ; Zhijun Pan,
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15
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A FOXO-dependent replication checkpoint restricts proliferation of damaged cells. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108675. [PMID: 33503422 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is challenged by numerous exogenous and endogenous factors that can interfere with the progression of replication forks. Substantial accumulation of single-stranded DNA during DNA replication activates the DNA replication stress checkpoint response that slows progression from S/G2 to M phase to protect genomic integrity. Whether and how mild replication stress restricts proliferation remains controversial. Here, we identify a cell cycle exit mechanism that prevents S/G2 phase arrested cells from undergoing mitosis after exposure to mild replication stress through premature activation of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/CCDH1). We find that replication stress causes a gradual decrease of the levels of the APC/CCDH1 inhibitor EMI1/FBXO5 through Forkhead box O (FOXO)-mediated inhibition of its transcription factor E2F1. By doing so, FOXOs limit the time during which the replication stress checkpoint is reversible and thereby play an important role in maintaining genomic stability.
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16
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Leclerc D, Jelinek J, Christensen KE, Issa JPJ, Rozen R. High folic acid intake increases methylation-dependent expression of Lsr and dysregulates hepatic cholesterol homeostasis. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 88:108554. [PMID: 33220403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Food fortification with folic acid and increased use of vitamin supplements have raised concerns about high folic acid intake. We previously showed that high folic acid intake was associated with hepatic degeneration, decreased levels of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), lower methylation potential, and perturbations of lipid metabolism. MTHFR synthesizes the folate derivative for methylation reactions. In this study, we assessed the possibility that high folic acid diets, fed to wild-type and Mthfr+/- mice, could alter DNA methylation and/or deregulate hepatic cholesterol homeostasis. Digital restriction enzyme analysis of methylation in liver revealed DNA hypomethylation of a CpG in the lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (Lsr) gene, which is involved in hepatic uptake of cholesterol. Pyrosequencing confirmed this methylation change and identified hypomethylation of several neighboring CpG dinucleotides. Lsr expression was increased and correlated negatively with DNA methylation and plasma cholesterol. A putative binding site for E2F1 was identified. ChIP-qPCR confirmed reduced E2F1 binding when methylation at this site was altered, suggesting that it could be involved in increasing Lsr expression. Expression of genes in cholesterol synthesis, transport or turnover (Abcg5, Abcg8, Abcc2, Cyp46a1, and Hmgcs1) was perturbed by high folic acid intake. We also observed increased hepatic cholesterol and increased expression of genes such as Sirt1, which might be involved in a rescue response to restore cholesterol homeostasis. Our work suggests that high folic acid consumption disturbs cholesterol homeostasis in liver. This finding may have particular relevance for MTHFR-deficient individuals, who represent ~10% of many populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leclerc
- Departments of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jaroslav Jelinek
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karen E Christensen
- Departments of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre J Issa
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rima Rozen
- Departments of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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17
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Almacellas E, Pelletier J, Manzano A, Gentilella A, Ambrosio S, Mauvezin C, Tauler A. Phosphofructokinases Axis Controls Glucose-Dependent mTORC1 Activation Driven by E2F1. iScience 2019; 20:434-448. [PMID: 31627130 PMCID: PMC6818336 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on mTORC1 activity to coordinate mitogenic signaling with nutrients availability for growth. Based on the metabolic function of E2F1, we hypothesize that glucose catabolism driven by E2F1 could participate on mTORC1 activation. Here, we demonstrate that glucose potentiates E2F1-induced mTORC1 activation by promoting mTORC1 translocation to lysosomes, a process that occurs independently of AMPK activation. We showed that E2F1 regulates glucose metabolism by increasing aerobic glycolysis and identified the PFKFB3 regulatory enzyme as an E2F1-regulated gene important for mTORC1 activation. Furthermore, PFKFB3 and PFK1 were found associated to lysosomes and we demonstrated that modulation of PFKFB3 activity, either by substrate accessibility or expression, regulates the translocation of mTORC1 to lysosomes by direct interaction with Rag B and subsequent mTORC1 activity. Our results support a model whereby a glycolytic metabolon containing phosphofructokinases transiently interacts with the lysosome acting as a sensor platform for glucose catabolism toward mTORC1 activity. Glucose potentiates E2F1-induced mTORC1 by promoting its translocation to lysosomes PFKFB3 activity is involved in the regulation of mTORC1 by glucose The glycolytic enzymes PFKFB3 and PFK1 were found associated to lysosomal surface PFKFB3 and PFK1 activities regulate mTORC1 lysosomal translocation
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugènia Almacellas
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain; Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08908, Spain
| | - Joffrey Pelletier
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08908, Spain
| | - Anna Manzano
- Biochemistry Unit, Physiological Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona (IDIBELL), Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08907, Spain
| | - Antonio Gentilella
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain; Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08908, Spain
| | - Santiago Ambrosio
- Biochemistry Unit, Physiological Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona (IDIBELL), Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08907, Spain
| | - Caroline Mauvezin
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08908, Spain.
| | - Albert Tauler
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain; Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08908, Spain.
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18
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Whole transcriptome targeted gene quantification provides new insights on pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3536. [PMID: 30837581 PMCID: PMC6401130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas (PSC) are a rare group of lung cancer with a median overall survival of 9–12 months. PSC are divided into five histotypes, challenging to diagnose and treat. The identification of PSC biomarkers is warranted, but PSC molecular profile remains to be defined. Herein, a targeted whole transcriptome analysis was performed on 14 PSC samples, evaluated also for the presence of the main oncogene mutations and rearrangements. PSC expression data were compared with transcriptome data of lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinomas (LUSC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Deregulated genes were used for pathway enrichment analysis; the most representative genes were tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in an independent cohort (30 PSC, 31 LUAD, 31 LUSC). All PSC cases were investigated for PD-L1 expression. Thirty-eight genes deregulated in PSC were identified, among these IGJ and SLMAP were confirmed by IHC. Moreover, Forkhead box signaling and Fanconi anemia pathways were specifically enriched in PSC. Finally, some PSC harboured alterations in genes targetable by tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as EGFR and MET. We provide a deep molecular characterization of PSC; the identification of specific molecular profiles, besides increasing our knowledge on PSC biology, might suggest new strategies to improve patients management.
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19
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Chibon F, Lesluyes T, Valentin T, Le Guellec S. CINSARC signature as a prognostic marker for clinical outcome in sarcomas and beyond. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:124-129. [PMID: 30387235 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognostication is a key issue for sarcoma patients' care as it triggers the therapeutic approach including chemotherapy, which is still not standard for localized patients. Current prognostic evaluation, based on the FNCLCC grading system, has recently been improved by the CINSARC signature outperforming histology-based grading system by identifying high-risk patients in every grade, even in those considered as low. CINSARC is an expression-based signature related to mitosis and chromosome integrity with prognostic value in a wide range of cancers additional to sarcoma. First developed with frozen material, CINSARC is now coupled with NanoString technology allowing evaluation from FFPE blocks used in clinical practice. Consequently, CINSARC is currently evaluated in clinical trials with a dual objective of demonstrating the benefit of chemotherapy in sarcoma patients and testing its response prediction. Considering its overarching value in oncology, its development is welcome in any cancers where the prognostication needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Chibon
- INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - Tom Lesluyes
- INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - Thibaud Valentin
- INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Le Guellec
- INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
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20
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Wahiduzzaman M, Ota A, Karnan S, Hanamura I, Mizuno S, Kanasugi J, Rahman ML, Hyodo T, Konishi H, Tsuzuki S, Takami A, Hosokawa Y. Novel combined Ato-C treatment synergistically suppresses proliferation of Bcr-Abl-positive leukemic cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 2018; 433:117-130. [PMID: 29944906 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) accounts for 15-20% of all leukemias affecting adults. Despite recent advances in the development of specific Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), some CML patients suffer from relapse due to TKI resistance. Here, we assessed the efficacy of a novel combinatorial arsenic trioxide (ATO) and cisplatin (CDDP) treatment (Ato-C) in human Bcr-Abl-positive leukemic cells. Combination index analyses revealed that a synergistic interaction of ATO and CDDP elicits a wide range of effects in K562, KU-812, MEG-A2, and KCL-22 cells. Notably, Ato-C synergistically enhanced apoptosis and decreased the survival of both acquired TKI-resistant CML cells and the cells expressing mutant Bcr-AblT315I. In addition, Ato-C dramatically decreased the phosphorylation level of forkhead transcription factor FOXO1/3a and STAT5 as well as c-Myc protein level. Interestingly, results of gene set enrichment analysis showed that Ato-C significantly downregulates the expression of MYC- and/or E2F1-target genes. Furthermore, Ato-C significantly suppressed the proliferation of MEG-A2-derived tumor when compared with that following monotherapy in vivo. Collectively, these results suggest that combined Ato-C treatment could be a promising alternative to the current therapeutic regime in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Wahiduzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Akinobu Ota
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Sivasundaram Karnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hanamura
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shohei Mizuno
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jo Kanasugi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Md Lutfur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Toshinori Hyodo
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konishi
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Takami
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
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21
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Cross-talk among HMGA1 and FoxO1 in control of nuclear insulin signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8540. [PMID: 29867121 PMCID: PMC5986867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a mediator of insulin-regulated gene expression, the FoxO1 transcription factor represents a master regulator of liver glucose metabolism. We previously reported that the high-mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) protein, a molecular switch for the insulin receptor gene, functions also as a downstream target of the insulin receptor signaling pathway, representing a critical nuclear mediator of insulin function. Here, we investigated whether a functional relationship existed between FoxO1 and HMGA1, which might help explain insulin-mediated gene transcription in the liver. To this end, as a model study, we investigated the canonical FoxO1-HMGA1-responsive IGFBP1 gene, whose hepatic expression is regulated by insulin. By using a conventional GST-pull down assay combined with co-immunoprecipitation and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) analyses, we provide evidence of a physical interaction between FoxO1 and HMGA1. Further investigation with chromatin immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, and Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) technology indicated a functional significance of this interaction, in both basal and insulin-stimulated states, providing evidence that, by modulating FoxO1 transactivation, HMGA1 is essential for FoxO1-induced IGFBP1 gene expression, and thereby a critical modulator of insulin-mediated FoxO1 regulation in the liver. Collectively, our findings highlight a novel FoxO1/HMGA1-mediated mechanism by which insulin may regulate gene expression and metabolism.
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22
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Hornsveld M, Smits LM, Meerlo M, van Amersfoort M, Groot Koerkamp MJ, van Leenen D, Kloet DE, Holstege FC, Derksen PW, Burgering BM, Dansen TB. FOXO Transcription Factors Both Suppress and Support Breast Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2356-2369. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Ma Z, Xin Z, Hu W, Jiang S, Yang Z, Yan X, Li X, Yang Y, Chen F. Forkhead box O proteins: Crucial regulators of cancer EMT. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 50:21-31. [PMID: 29427645 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an acknowledged cellular transition process in which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal-like properties that endow cancer cells with increased migratory and invasive behavior. Forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins have been shown to orchestrate multiple EMT-associated pathways and EMT-related transcription factors (EMT-TFs), thereby modulating the EMT process. The focus of the current review is to evaluate the latest research progress regarding the roles of FOXO proteins in cancer EMT. First, a brief overview of the EMT process in cancer and a general background on the FOXO family are provided. Next, we present the interactions between FOXO proteins and multiple EMT-associated pathways during malignancy development. Finally, we propose several novel potential directions for future research. Collectively, the information compiled herein should serve as a comprehensive repository of information on this topic and should aid in the design of additional studies and the future development of FOXO proteins as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069 China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Zhenlong Xin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069 China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Fulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069 China.
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24
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Garcia PL, Miller AL, Gamblin TL, Council LN, Christein JD, Arnoletti JP, Heslin MJ, Reddy S, Richardson JH, Cui X, van Waardenburg RCAM, Bradner JE, Yang ES, Yoon KJ. JQ1 Induces DNA Damage and Apoptosis, and Inhibits Tumor Growth in a Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of Cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 17:107-118. [PMID: 29142067 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a fatal disease with a 5-year survival of <30%. For a majority of patients, chemotherapy is the only therapeutic option, and virtually all patients relapse. Gemcitabine is the first-line agent for treatment of CCA. Patients treated with gemcitabine monotherapy survive ∼8 months. Combining this agent with cisplatin increases survival by ∼3 months, but neither regimen produces durable remissions. The molecular etiology of this disease is poorly understood. To facilitate molecular characterization and development of effective therapies for CCA, we established a panel of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of CCA. We used two of these models to investigate the antitumor efficacy and mechanism of action of the bromodomain inhibitor JQ1, an agent that has not been evaluated for the treatment of CCA. The data show that JQ1 suppressed the growth of the CCA PDX model CCA2 and demonstrate that growth suppression was concomitant with inhibition of c-Myc protein expression. A second model (CCA1) was JQ1-insensitive, with tumor progression and c-Myc expression unaffected by exposure to this agent. Also selective to CCA2 tumors, JQ1 induced DNA damage and apoptosis and downregulated multiple c-Myc transcriptional targets that regulate cell-cycle progression and DNA repair. These findings suggest that c-Myc inhibition and several of its transcriptional targets may contribute to the mechanism of action of JQ1 in this tumor type. We conclude that BET inhibitors such as JQ1 warrant further investigation for the treatment of CCA. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(1); 107-18. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Aubrey L Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tracy L Gamblin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Leona N Council
- Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- The Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - John D Christein
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - J Pablo Arnoletti
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Marty J Heslin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sushanth Reddy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joseph H Richardson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xiangqin Cui
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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25
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Yamada T, Amann JM, Tanimoto A, Taniguchi H, Shukuya T, Timmers C, Yano S, Shilo K, Carbone DP. Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Enhances the Antitumor Activity of a MEK Inhibitor in Lung Cancer Cells Harboring RAS Mutations. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 17:17-25. [PMID: 29079711 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be identified by precise molecular subsets based on genomic alterations that drive tumorigenesis and include mutations in EGFR, KRAS, and various ALK fusions. However, despite effective treatments for EGFR and ALK, promising therapeutics have not been developed for patients with KRAS mutations. It has been reported that one way the RAS-ERK pathway contributes to tumorigenesis is by affecting stability and localization of FOXO3a protein, an important regulator of cell death and the cell cycle. This is through regulation of apoptotic proteins BIM and FASL and cell-cycle regulators p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 We now show that an HDAC inhibitor affects the expression and localization of FOXO proteins and wanted to determine whether the combination of a MEK inhibitor with an HDAC inhibitor would increase the sensitivity of NSCLC with KRAS mutation. Combined treatment with a MEK inhibitor and an HDAC inhibitor showed synergistic effects on cell metabolic activity of RAS-mutated lung cancer cells through activation of FOXOs, with a subsequent increase in BIM and cell-cycle inhibitors. Moreover, in a mouse xenograft model, the combination of belinostat and trametinib significantly decreases tumor formation through FOXOs by increasing BIM and the cell-cycle inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 These results demonstrate that control of FOXOs localization and expression is critical in RAS-driven lung cancer cells, suggesting that the dual molecular-targeted therapy for MEK and HDACs may be promising as novel therapeutic strategy in NSCLC with specific populations of RAS mutations. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(1); 17-25. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaaki Yamada
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joseph M Amann
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Azusa Tanimoto
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takehito Shukuya
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Cynthia Timmers
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Seiji Yano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Konstantin Shilo
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David P Carbone
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.
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26
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Wang Z, Sun X, Bao Y, Mo J, Du H, Hu J, Zhang X. E2F1 silencing inhibits migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells via regulating DDR1 expression. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1639-1650. [PMID: 29039472 PMCID: PMC5673022 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, knockdown of E2F1 impaired the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Further analysis showed that E2F1 knockdown decreased the expression of discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) which plays a crucial role in many fundamental processes such as cell differentiation, adhesion, migration and invasion. Luciferase and ChIP assays confirmed that E2F1 silencing attenuated the expression of DDR1 through disrupting E2F1-mediated transcription of DDR1 in osteosarcoma cells. Similarly with the effect of E2F1 silencing, DDR1 knockdown weakened the migratory and invasive capabilities of osteosarcoma cells; while overexpression of DDR1 resulted in a significant increase of cell motility and invasiveness, even after knocking down E2F1. Interestingly, inactivation of E2F1/DDR1 pathway by shRNA weakened STAT3 signaling and subsequently suppressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of osteosarcoma cells, as shown with decreased vimentin, MMP2, MMP9, and increased E-cadherin. Consistently, high expressions of E2F1 and DDR1 observed in osteosarcoma tissues were related to TNM stage and metastasis. In addition, high level of E2F1 or DDR1 was associated with poor prognosis in osteosarcoma patients. These results suggest that E2F1/DDR1/STAT3 pathway is critical for malignancy of osteosarcoma, which may provide a novel prognostic indicator or approach for osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Xianjie Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Bao
- Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Juanfen Mo
- Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Hengchao Du
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Jichao Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Xingen Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
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27
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Guo Y, Li Z, Shi C, Li J, Yao M, Chen X. Trichostatin A attenuates oxidative stress-mediated myocardial injury through the FoxO3a signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:999-1008. [PMID: 28849190 PMCID: PMC5593460 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, is widely used as an anticancer drug. Recently, TSA has been shown to exert a protective effect on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a), a unique FoxO family member, has been shown to attenuate myocardial injury by increasing resistance to oxidative stress in mice. The present study aimed to investigate whether TSA exerts its cardioprotective effects through the FoxO3a signaling pathway. For this purpose, healthy male Wistar rats were pre-treated with TSA for 5 days before they were subjected to ligation/relaxation of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery and to 30 min of ischemia, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. The activities of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and superoxide diamutase (SOD), as well as the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were examined. The H9c2 rat myocardial cell line was cultured in 10% FBS-containing DMEM for 24 h. The cells were incubated with/without TSA (50 nmol/l) for 1 h and then incubated with/without H2O2 (400 µM) for 2 h. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) were measured by probe staining in the H9c2 cells. The expression of FoxO3a, mitochondrial SOD2 and catalase was quantified by western blot analysis. The levels of H3 and H4 acetylation of the FoxO3a promoter region were examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. TSA significantly reduced the myocardial infarct size and the activities of serum LDH, AST and CK in the rats. TSA also decreased the levels of MDA and increased the activities of SOD in the myocardial tissue of the rats. Consistent with the reduced injury to the TSA-treated rats, TSA significantly reduced the H2O2-induced levels of ROS and increased Δψm. In addition, TSA increased the expression of FoxO3a, SOD2 and catalase, which may be related to increasing the level of H4 acetylation of the FoxO3a promoter region. Our results thus revealed that TSA protected the myocardium from oxidative stress-mediated damage by increasing H4 acetylation of the FoxO3a promoter region, and the expression of FoxO3a, SOD2 and catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Canxia Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Meng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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28
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Tang F, Choy E, Tu C, Hornicek F, Duan Z. Therapeutic applications of histone deacetylase inhibitors in sarcoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 59:33-45. [PMID: 28732326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas are a rare group of malignant tumors originating from mesenchymal stem cells. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are currently the only standard treatments for sarcoma. However, their response rates to chemotherapy are quite low. Toxic side effects and multi-drug chemoresistance make treatment even more challenging. Therefore, better drugs to treat sarcomas are needed. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors, HDACi, HDIs) are epigenetic modifying agents that can inhibit sarcoma growth in vitro and in vivo through a variety of pathways, including inducing tumor cell apoptosis, causing cell cycle arrest, impairing tumor invasion and preventing metastasis. Importantly, preclinical studies have revealed that HDIs can not only sensitize sarcomas to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but also increase treatment responses when combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs. Several phase I and II clinical trials have been conducted to assess the efficacy of HDIs either as monotherapy or in combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents or targeted therapeutic drugs for sarcomas. Combination regimen for sarcomas appear to be more promising than monotherapy when using HDIs. This review summarizes our current understanding and therapeutic applications of HDIs in sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tang
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Edwin Choy
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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29
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Shats I, Deng M, Davidovich A, Zhang C, Kwon JS, Manandhar D, Gordân R, Yao G, You L. Expression level is a key determinant of E2F1-mediated cell fate. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:626-637. [PMID: 28211871 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rb/E2F network has a critical role in regulating cell cycle progression and cell fate decisions. It is dysfunctional in virtually all human cancers, because of genetic lesions that cause overexpression of activators, inactivation of repressors, or both. Paradoxically, the downstream target of this network, E2F1, is rarely strongly overexpressed in cancer. E2F1 can induce both proliferation and apoptosis but the factors governing these critical cell fate decisions remain unclear. Previous studies have focused on qualitative mechanisms such as differential cofactors, posttranslational modification or state of other signaling pathways as modifiers of the cell fate decisions downstream of E2F1 activation. In contrast, the importance of the expression levels of E2F1 itself in dictating the downstream phenotypes has not been rigorously studied, partly due to the limited resolution of traditional population-level measurements. Here, through single-cell quantitative analysis, we demonstrate that E2F1 expression levels have a critical role in determining the fate of individual cells. Low levels of exogenous E2F1 promote proliferation, moderate levels induce G1, G2 and mitotic cell cycle arrest, and very high levels promote apoptosis. These multiple anti-proliferative mechanisms result in a strong selection pressure leading to rapid elimination of E2F1-overexpressing cells from the population. RNA-sequencing and RT-PCR revealed that low levels of E2F1 are sufficient to induce numerous cell cycle-promoting genes, intermediate levels induce growth arrest genes (i.e., p18, p19 and p27), whereas higher levels are necessary to induce key apoptotic E2F1 targets APAF1, PUMA, HRK and BIM. Finally, treatment of a lung cancer cell line with a proteasome inhibitor, MLN2238, resulted in an E2F1-dependent mitotic arrest and apoptosis, confirming the role of endogenous E2F1 levels in these phenotypes. The strong anti-proliferative activity of moderately overexpressed E2F1 in multiple cancer types suggests that targeting E2F1 for upregulation may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Shats
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adam Davidovich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carolyn Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jungeun S Kwon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Dinesh Manandhar
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Raluca Gordân
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guang Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lingchong You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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30
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Meo-Evoli N, Almacellas E, Massucci FA, Gentilella A, Ambrosio S, Kozma SC, Thomas G, Tauler A. V-ATPase: a master effector of E2F1-mediated lysosomal trafficking, mTORC1 activation and autophagy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28057-70. [PMID: 26356814 PMCID: PMC4695044 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to being a master regulator of cell cycle progression, E2F1 regulates other associated biological processes, including growth and malignancy. Here, we uncover a regulatory network linking E2F1 to lysosomal trafficking and mTORC1 signaling that involves v-ATPase regulation. By immunofluorescence and time-lapse microscopy we found that E2F1 induces the movement of lysosomes to the cell periphery, and that this process is essential for E2F1-induced mTORC1 activation and repression of autophagy. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments reveal that E2F1 regulates v-ATPase activity and inhibition of v-ATPase activity repressed E2F1-induced lysosomal trafficking and mTORC1 activation. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that E2F1 induces the recruitment of v-ATPase to lysosomal RagB GTPase, suggesting that E2F1 regulates v-ATPase activity by enhancing the association of V0 and V1 v-ATPase complex. Analysis of v-ATPase subunit expression identified B subunit of V0 complex, ATP6V0B, as a transcriptional target of E2F1. Importantly, ATP6V0B ectopic-expression increased v-ATPase and mTORC1 activity, consistent with ATP6V0B being responsible for mediating the effects of E2F1 on both responses. Our findings on lysosomal trafficking, mTORC1 activation and autophagy suppression suggest that pharmacological intervention at the level of v-ATPase may be an efficacious avenue for the treatment of metastatic processes in tumors overexpressing E2F1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Meo-Evoli
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Eugènia Almacellas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Gentilella
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Santiago Ambrosio
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Dep. Ciències Fisiològiques II, Facultat de Medicina, Campus Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Sara C Kozma
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - George Thomas
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Unitat de Bioquímica, Dep. Ciències Fisiològiques II, Facultat de Medicina, Campus Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Albert Tauler
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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31
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Klotz LO, Sánchez-Ramos C, Prieto-Arroyo I, Urbánek P, Steinbrenner H, Monsalve M. Redox regulation of FoxO transcription factors. Redox Biol 2015; 6:51-72. [PMID: 26184557 PMCID: PMC4511623 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors of the forkhead box, class O (FoxO) family are important regulators of the cellular stress response and promote the cellular antioxidant defense. On one hand, FoxOs stimulate the transcription of genes coding for antioxidant proteins located in different subcellular compartments, such as in mitochondria (i.e. superoxide dismutase-2, peroxiredoxins 3 and 5) and peroxisomes (catalase), as well as for antioxidant proteins found extracellularly in plasma (e.g., selenoprotein P and ceruloplasmin). On the other hand, reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as other stressful stimuli that elicit the formation of ROS, may modulate FoxO activity at multiple levels, including posttranslational modifications of FoxOs (such as phosphorylation and acetylation), interaction with coregulators, alterations in FoxO subcellular localization, protein synthesis and stability. Moreover, transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of the expression of genes coding for FoxOs is sensitive to ROS. Here, we review these aspects of FoxO biology focusing on redox regulation of FoxO signaling, and with emphasis on the interplay between ROS and FoxOs under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Of particular interest are the dual role played by FoxOs in cancer development and their key role in whole body nutrient homeostasis, modulating metabolic adaptations and/or disturbances in response to low vs. high nutrient intake. Examples discussed here include calorie restriction and starvation as well as adipogenesis, obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Oliver Klotz
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Dornburger Straße 29, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Prieto-Arroyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pavel Urbánek
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Dornburger Straße 29, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Holger Steinbrenner
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Dornburger Straße 29, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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32
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Jiang X, Nevins JR, Shats I, Chi JT. E2F1-Mediated Induction of NFYB Attenuates Apoptosis via Joint Regulation of a Pro-Survival Transcriptional Program. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127951. [PMID: 26039627 PMCID: PMC4454684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The E2F1 transcription factor regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis through the control of a considerable variety of target genes. Previous work has detailed the role of other transcription factors in mediating the specificity of E2F function. Here we identify the NF-YB transcription factor as a novel direct E2F1 target. Genome-wide expression analysis of the effects of NFYB knockdown on E2F1-mediated transcription identified a large group of genes that are co-regulated by E2F1 and NFYB. We also provide evidence that knockdown of NFYB enhances E2F1-induced apoptosis, suggesting a pro-survival function of the NFYB/E2F1 joint transcriptional program. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that deregulation of these NFY-dependent E2F1 target genes might play a role in sarcomagenesis as well as drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Jiang
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph Roy Nevins
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Igor Shats
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JTC); (IS)
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JTC); (IS)
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Dun MD, Chalkley RJ, Faulkner S, Keene S, Avery-Kiejda KA, Scott RJ, Falkenby LG, Cairns MJ, Larsen MR, Bradshaw RA, Hondermarck H. Proteotranscriptomic Profiling of 231-BR Breast Cancer Cells: Identification of Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Brain Metastasis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2316-30. [PMID: 26041846 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.046110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases are a devastating consequence of cancer and currently there are no specific biomarkers or therapeutic targets for risk prediction, diagnosis, and treatment. Here the proteome of the brain metastatic breast cancer cell line 231-BR has been compared with that of the parental cell line MDA-MB-231, which is also metastatic but has no organ selectivity. Using SILAC and nanoLC-MS/MS, 1957 proteins were identified in reciprocal labeling experiments and 1584 were quantified in the two cell lines. A total of 152 proteins were confidently determined to be up- or down-regulated by more than twofold in 231-BR. Of note, 112/152 proteins were decreased as compared with only 40/152 that were increased, suggesting that down-regulation of specific proteins is an important part of the mechanism underlying the ability of breast cancer cells to metastasize to the brain. When matched against transcriptomic data, 43% of individual protein changes were associated with corresponding changes in mRNA, indicating that the transcript level is a limited predictor of protein level. In addition, differential miRNA analyses showed that most miRNA changes in 231-BR were up- (36/45) as compared with down-regulations (9/45). Pathway analysis revealed that proteome changes were mostly related to cell signaling and cell cycle, metabolism and extracellular matrix remodeling. The major protein changes in 231-BR were confirmed by parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry and consisted in increases (by more than fivefold) in the matrix metalloproteinase-1, ephrin-B1, stomatin, myc target-1, and decreases (by more than 10-fold) in transglutaminase-2, the S100 calcium-binding protein A4, and l-plastin. The clinicopathological significance of these major proteomic changes to predict the occurrence of brain metastases, and their potential value as therapeutic targets, warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Dun
- From the ‡School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy and §Hunter Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Robert J Chalkley
- ¶Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Sam Faulkner
- From the ‡School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy and §Hunter Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Sheridan Keene
- From the ‡School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy and §Hunter Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Kelly A Avery-Kiejda
- From the ‡School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy and §Hunter Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- From the ‡School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy and §Hunter Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Lasse G Falkenby
- ‖Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Murray J Cairns
- From the ‡School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy and §Hunter Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Martin R Larsen
- ‖Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ralph A Bradshaw
- ¶Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- From the ‡School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy and §Hunter Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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Xie C, Lu H, Nomura A, Hanse EA, Forster CL, Parker JB, Linden MA, Karasch C, Hallstrom TC. Co-deleting Pten with Rb in retinal progenitor cells in mice results in fully penetrant bilateral retinoblastomas. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:93. [PMID: 25907958 PMCID: PMC4411757 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rb1 is the most frequently mutated gene in the pediatric cancer retinoblastoma, and its loss causes E2F transcription factors to induce proliferation related genes. However, high E2F levels following pRB loss also induce apoptosis-promoting genes as a safeguard mechanism to suppress emergent tumors. Although p53 accumulation and apoptosis induction is believed to be a primary mechanism to eliminate cells with excess E2F activity, p53 deletion doesn't suppress RB/E2F induced apoptosis in vivo in the retina. This prompted us to test the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway on RB/E2F apoptosis suppression in vivo, to ascertain if the PI3K pathway may provide a potential avenue for retinoblastoma therapy. METHODS We developed a mouse model in which Rb1 and Pten were conditionally deleted from retinal progenitor cells using Chx10-Cre, whereas Rbl1 (p107) was constitutively deleted. Pathway components were also tested individually by in vivo electroporation into newborn retinas for an effect on apoptosis and tumor initiation. Mouse retinal tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for proliferation, apoptosis, and pathway activation. ShRNAs were used in vitro to assess effects on apoptosis and gene expression. RESULTS Co-deleting Pten with Rb1 and Rbl1 in mouse retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) causes fully penetrant bilateral retinoblastomas by 30 days and strongly suppresses Rb/E2F-induced apoptosis. In vivo electroporation of constitutively active (ca)-Pik3ca, ca-Akt, or dominant-negative (dn)-Foxo1 into apoptosis prone newborn murine retina with deleted Rb/p107 eliminate Rb/E2F induced apoptosis and induce retinoblastoma emergence. Retinal deletion of Pten activates p-AKT and p-FOXO1 signaling in incipient retinoblastoma. An unbiased shRNA screen focusing on Akt phosphorylation targets identified FOXOs as critical mediators of Rb/E2F induced apoptosis and expression of Bim and p73 pro-apoptotic genes. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that we defined a key molecular trigger involving E2F/FOXO functioning to control retinal progenitor cell homeostasis and retinoblastoma tumor initiation. We anticipate that our findings could provide contextual understanding of the proliferation of other progenitor cells, considering the high frequency of co-altered signaling from RB/E2F and PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathways in a wide variety of normal and malignant settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Huarui Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Alice Nomura
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Eric Allan Hanse
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Colleen Lynn Forster
- BioNet, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Josh Berken Parker
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Michael Andrew Linden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Chris Karasch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Zhu L, Lu Z, Zhao H. Antitumor mechanisms when pRb and p53 are genetically inactivated. Oncogene 2014; 34:4547-57. [PMID: 25486431 PMCID: PMC4459916 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
pRb and p53 are the two major tumor suppressors. Their inactivation is frequent when cancers develop and their reactivation is rationale of most cancer therapeutics. When pRb and p53 are genetically inactivated, cells irreparably lose the antitumor mechanisms afforded by them. Cancer genome studies document recurrent genetic inactivation of RB1 and TP53, and the inactivation becomes more frequent in more advanced cancers. These findings may explain why more advanced cancers are more likely to resist current therapies. Finding successful treatments for more advanced and multi-therapy resistant cancers will depend on finding antitumor mechanisms that remain effective when pRb and p53 are genetically inactivated. Here, we review studies that have begun to make progress in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and Medicine, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center and Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Z Lu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and Medicine, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center and Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - H Zhao
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and Medicine, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center and Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Xie Q, Peng S, Tao L, Ruan H, Yang Y, Li TM, Adams U, Meng S, Bi X, Dong MQ, Yuan Z. E2F transcription factor 1 regulates cellular and organismal senescence by inhibiting Forkhead box O transcription factors. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:34205-13. [PMID: 25344604 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.587170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F1 and FOXO3 are two transcription factors that have been shown to participate in cellular senescence. Previous report reveals that E2F1 enhanced cellular senescence in human fibroblast cells, while FOXO transcription factors play against senescence by regulation reactive oxygen species scavenging proteins. However, their functional interplay has been unclear. Here we use E2F1 knock-out murine Embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), knockdown RNAi constructs, and ectopic expression of E2F1 to show that it functions by negatively regulating FOXO3. E2F1 attenuates FOXO3-mediated expression of MnSOD and Catalase without affecting FOXO3 protein stability, subcellular localization, or phosphorylation by Akt. We mapped the interaction between E2F1 and FOXO3 to a region including the DNA binding domain of E2F1 and the C-terminal transcription-activation domain of FOXO3. We propose that E2F1 inhibits FOXO3-dependent transcription by directly binding FOXO3 in the nucleus and preventing activation of its target genes. Moreover, knockdown of the Caenorhabditis elegans E2F1 ortholog efl-1 significantly extends lifespan in a manner that requires the activity of the C. elegans FOXO gene daf-16. We conclude that there is an evolutionarily conserved signaling connection between E2F1 and FOXO3, which regulates cellular senescence and aging by regulating the activity of FOXO3. We speculate that drugs and/or therapies that inhibit this physical interaction might be good candidates for reducing cellular senescence and increasing longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xie
- From the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shengyi Peng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
| | - Li Tao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Haihe Ruan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanglu Yang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
| | - Tie-Mei Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ursula Adams
- Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and
| | - Songshu Meng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaolin Bi
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Meng-Qiu Dong
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,
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37
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Goltsov A, Deeni Y, Khalil HS, Soininen T, Kyriakidis S, Hu H, Langdon SP, Harrison DJ, Bown J. Systems analysis of drug-induced receptor tyrosine kinase reprogramming following targeted mono- and combination anti-cancer therapy. Cells 2014; 3:563-91. [PMID: 24918976 PMCID: PMC4092865 DOI: 10.3390/cells3020563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are key drivers of cancer progression and targets for drug therapy. A major challenge in anti-RTK treatment is the dependence of drug effectiveness on co-expression of multiple RTKs which defines resistance to single drug therapy. Reprogramming of the RTK network leading to alteration in RTK co-expression in response to drug intervention is a dynamic mechanism of acquired resistance to single drug therapy in many cancers. One route to overcome this resistance is combination therapy. We describe the results of a joint in silico, in vitro, and in vivo investigations on the efficacy of trastuzumab, pertuzumab and their combination to target the HER2 receptors. Computational modelling revealed that these two drugs alone and in combination differentially suppressed RTK network activation depending on RTK co-expression. Analyses of mRNA expression in SKOV3 ovarian tumour xenograft showed up-regulation of HER3 following treatment. Considering this in a computational model revealed that HER3 up-regulation reprograms RTK kinetics from HER2 homodimerisation to HER3/HER2 heterodimerisation. The results showed synergy of the trastuzumab and pertuzumab combination treatment of the HER2 overexpressing tumour can be due to an independence of the combination effect on HER3/HER2 composition when it changes due to drug-induced RTK reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Goltsov
- Scottish Informatics, Mathematics, Biology and Statistics Centre (SIMBIOS), Abertay University, Dundee, DD1 1HG, United Kingdom.
| | - Yusuf Deeni
- Scottish Informatics, Mathematics, Biology and Statistics Centre (SIMBIOS), Abertay University, Dundee, DD1 1HG, United Kingdom.
| | - Hilal S Khalil
- Scottish Informatics, Mathematics, Biology and Statistics Centre (SIMBIOS), Abertay University, Dundee, DD1 1HG, United Kingdom.
| | - Tero Soininen
- Scottish Informatics, Mathematics, Biology and Statistics Centre (SIMBIOS), Abertay University, Dundee, DD1 1HG, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Huizhong Hu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Simon P Langdon
- Division of Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom.
| | - David J Harrison
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, United Kingdom.
| | - James Bown
- Scottish Informatics, Mathematics, Biology and Statistics Centre (SIMBIOS), Abertay University, Dundee, DD1 1HG, United Kingdom.
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Laine A, Westermarck J. Molecular pathways: harnessing E2F1 regulation for prosenescence therapy in p53-defective cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3644-50. [PMID: 24788101 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Induction of terminal proliferation arrest, senescence, is important for in vivo tumor-suppressive function of p53. Moreover, p53-mutant cells are highly resistant to senescence induction by either oncogenic signaling during cellular transformation or in response to different therapies. Senescence resistance in p53-mutant cells has been attributed mostly to inhibition of the checkpoint function of p53 in response to senescence-inducing stress signals. Here, we review very recent evidence that offers an alternative explanation for senescence resistance in p53-defective cancer cells: p21-mediated E2F1 expression. We discuss the potential relevance of these findings for senescence-inducing therapies and highlight cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and mechanisms downstream of retinoblastoma protein (RB) as prospective prosenescence therapeutic targets. In particular, we discuss recent findings indicating an important role for the E2F1-CIP2A feedback loop in causing senescence resistance in p53-compromised cancer cells. We further propose that targeting of the E2F1-CIP2A feedback loop could provide a prosenescence therapeutic approach that is effective in both p53-deficient and RB-deficient cancer cells, which together constitute the great majority of all cancer cells. Diagnostic evaluation of the described senescence resistance mechanisms in human tumors might also be informative for patient stratification for already existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Laine
- Authors' Affiliations: Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; and
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Authors' Affiliations: Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; and Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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