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Jiang Y, Yuan Y, Qiao G, Deng Z, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Yu L, Lin H, Ma L, Zhang J. Paradoxical action of PP2A inhibition and its potential for therapeutic sensitization. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31413. [PMID: 39150149 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a serine/threonine phosphatase, is recognized as a tumor suppressor involved in diverse cellular processes and essential for maintaining cell viability in vivo. However, endogenous inhibitors of PP2A such as cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) and endogenous nuclear protein inhibitor 2 of PP2A (SET) counteract the anticancer function of PP2A, promoting tumorigenesis, development, and drug resistance in tumors. Surprisingly though, contrary to conventional understanding, inhibition of the tumor suppressor gene PP2A with exogenous small molecule compounds can enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment and achieve superior tumor inhibition. Moreover, exogenous PP2A inhibitors resensitize cancers to treatment and provide novel therapeutic strategies for drug-resistant tumors, which warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanglei Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhoufeng Deng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zimei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjian Lin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Andriani L, Ling YX, Yang SY, Zhao Q, Ma XY, Huang MY, Zhang YL, Zhang FL, Li DQ, Shao ZM. Sideroflexin-1 promotes progression and sensitivity to lapatinib in triple-negative breast cancer by inhibiting TOLLIP-mediated autophagic degradation of CIP2A. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217008. [PMID: 38849012 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and it lacks specific therapeutic targets and effective treatment protocols. By analyzing a proteomic TNBC dataset, we found significant upregulation of sideroflexin 1 (SFXN1) in tumor tissues. However, the precise function of SFXN1 in TNBC remains unclear. Immunoblotting was performed to determine SFXN1 expression levels. Label-free quantitative proteomics and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify the downstream targets of SFXN1. Mechanistic studies of SFXN1 and cellular inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) were performed using immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Functional experiments were used to investigate the role of SFXN1 in TNBC cells. SFXN1 was significantly overexpressed in TNBC tumor tissues and was associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients with TNBC. Functional experiments demonstrated that SFXN1 promoted TNBC growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that SFXN1 promoted TNBC progression by inhibiting the autophagy receptor TOLLIP (toll interacting protein)-mediated autophagic degradation of CIP2A. The pro-tumorigenic effect of SFXN1 overexpression was partially prevented by lapatinib-mediated inhibition of the CIP2A/PP2A/p-AKT pathway. These findings may provide a new targeted therapy for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Andriani
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Ling
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shao-Ying Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min-Ying Huang
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yin-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Da-Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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3
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Wang K, Peng B, Xu R, Lu T, Chang X, Shen Z, Shi J, Li M, Wang C, Zhou X, Xu C, Chang H, Zhang L. Comprehensive analysis of PPP4C's impact on prognosis, immune microenvironment, and immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma using single-cell sequencing and multi-omics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1416632. [PMID: 39026674 PMCID: PMC11254641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1416632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated PPP4C expression has been associated with poor prognostic implications for patients suffering from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The extent to which PPP4C affects immune cell infiltration in LUAD, as well as the importance of associated genes in clinical scenarios, still requires thorough investigation. Methods In our investigation, we leveraged both single-cell and comprehensive RNA sequencing data, sourced from LUAD patients, in our analysis. This study also integrated datasets of immune-related genes from InnateDB into the framework. Our expansive evaluation employed various analytical techniques; these included pinpointing differentially expressed genes, constructing WGCNA, implementing Cox proportional hazards models. We utilized these methods to investigate the gene expression profiles of PPP4C within the context of LUAD and to clarify its potential prognostic value for patients. Subsequent steps involved validating the observed enhancement of PPP4C expression in LUAD samples through a series of experimental approaches. The array comprised immunohistochemistry staining, Western blotting, quantitative PCR, and a collection of cell-based assays aimed at evaluating the influence of PPP4C on the proliferative and migratory activities of LUAD cells. Results In lung cancer, elevated expression levels of PPP4C were observed, correlating with poorer patient prognoses. Validation of increased PPP4C levels in LUAD specimens was achieved using immunohistochemical techniques. Experimental investigations have substantiated the role of PPP4C in facilitating cellular proliferation and migration in LUAD contexts. Furthermore, an association was identified between the expression of PPP4C and the infiltration of immune cells in these tumors. A prognostic framework, incorporating PPP4C and immune-related genes, was developed and recognized as an autonomous predictor of survival in individuals afflicted with LUAD. This prognostic tool has demonstrated considerable efficacy in forecasting patient survival and their response to immunotherapeutic interventions. Conclusion The involvement of PPP4C in LUAD is deeply intertwined with the tumor's immune microenvironment. PPP4C's over-expression is associated with negative clinical outcomes, promoting both tumor proliferation and spread. A prognostic framework based on PPP4C levels may effectively predict patient prognoses in LUAD, as well as the efficacy of immunotherapy strategy. This research sheds light on the mechanisms of immune interaction in LUAD and proposes a new strategy for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiping Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaxin Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Meifeng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chenghao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengyu Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linyou Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Ummethum H, Li J, Lisby M, Oestergaard V. Emerging roles of the CIP2A-TopBP1 complex in genome integrity. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad052. [PMID: 37829116 PMCID: PMC10566317 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
CIP2A is an inhibitor of the tumour suppressor protein phosphatase 2A. Recently, CIP2A was identified as a synthetic lethal interactor of BRCA1 and BRCA2 and a driver of basal-like breast cancers. In addition, a joint role of TopBP1 (topoisomerase IIβ-binding protein 1) and CIP2A for maintaining genome integrity during mitosis was discovered. TopBP1 has multiple functions as it is a scaffold for proteins involved in DNA replication, transcriptional regulation, cell cycle regulation and DNA repair. Here, we briefly review details of the CIP2A-TopBP1 interaction, its role in maintaining genome integrity, its involvement in cancer and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Ummethum
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Michael Lisby
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Vibe H Oestergaard
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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Ibitoye O, Ibrahim MAA, Soliman MES. Exploring the composition of protein-ligand binding sites for cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) by inhibitor guided binding analysis: paving a new way for the Discovery of drug candidates against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2023; 43:133-143. [PMID: 38166612 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2023.2298903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with high-grade invasive carcinoma leading to a 10% to 15% death rate in younger premenopausal women. Targeting cancerous inhibitors of protein phosphatase (CIP2A) has been a highly effective approach for exploring therapeutic drug candidates. Lapatinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has shown promising inhibition properties by inducing apoptosis in TNBC carcinogenesis in vivo. Despite knowledge of the 3D structure of CIP2A, no reports provide insight into CIP2A ligand binding sites. To this effect, we conducted in silico site identification guided by lapatinib binding. Four of the five sites identified were cross-validated, and the stem domain revealed more excellent ligand binding affinity. The binding affinity of lapatinib in these sites was further computed using the Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) approach. According to MM/PBSA//200 ns MD simulations, lapatinib exhibited a higher binding affinity against CIP2A in site 2 with ΔG critical values of -37.1 kcal/mol. The steadiness and tightness of lapatinib with CIP2A inside the stem domain disclosed glutamic acid-318 as the culprit amino acid with the highest electrostatic energy. These results provide clear information on the CIP2A domain capable of ligand binding and validate lapatinib as a promising CIP2A inhibitor in TNBC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwayimika Ibitoye
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Center for Bioinformatics and Drug Design, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia,Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Gohlke L, Alahdab A, Oberhofer A, Worf K, Holdenrieder S, Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Ritter CA. Loss of Key EMT-Regulating miRNAs Highlight the Role of ZEB1 in EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Resistant NSCLC. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14742. [PMID: 37834189 PMCID: PMC10573279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), acquired drug resistance to targeted therapy remains a major obstacle. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been identified as a key resistance mechanism in NSCLC. Here, we investigated the mechanistic role of key EMT-regulating small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) in sublines of the NSCLC cell line HCC4006 adapted to afatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, or osimertinib. The most differentially expressed miRNAs derived from extracellular vesicles were associated with EMT, and their predicted target ZEB1 was significantly overexpressed in all resistant cell lines. Transfection of a miR-205-5p mimic partially reversed EMT by inhibiting ZEB1, restoring CDH1 expression, and inhibiting migration in erlotinib-resistant cells. Gene expression of EMT-markers, transcription factors, and miRNAs were correlated during stepwise osimertinib adaptation of HCC4006 cells. Temporally relieving cells of osimertinib reversed transition trends, suggesting that the implementation of treatment pauses could provide prolonged benefits for patients. Our results provide new insights into the contribution of miRNAs to drug-resistant NSCLC harboring EGFR-activating mutations and highlight their role as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Gohlke
- Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Ahmad Alahdab
- Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Angela Oberhofer
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany; (A.O.); (K.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Karolina Worf
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany; (A.O.); (K.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany; (A.O.); (K.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Martin Michaelis
- School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK;
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Christoph A Ritter
- Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
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Peris I, Romero-Murillo S, Vicente C, Narla G, Odero MD. Regulation and role of the PP2A-B56 holoenzyme family in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188953. [PMID: 37437699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inactivation is common in cancer, leading to sustained activation of pro-survival and growth-promoting pathways. PP2A consists of a scaffolding A-subunit, a catalytic C-subunit, and a regulatory B-subunit. The functional complexity of PP2A holoenzymes arises mainly through the vast repertoire of regulatory B-subunits, which determine both their substrate specificity and their subcellular localization. Therefore, a major challenge for developing more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer is to identify the specific PP2A complexes to be targeted. Of note, the development of small molecules specifically directed at PP2A-B56α has opened new therapeutic avenues in both solid and hematological tumors. Here, we focus on the B56/PR61 family of PP2A regulatory subunits, which have a central role in directing PP2A tumor suppressor activity. We provide an overview of the mechanisms controlling the formation and regulation of these complexes, the pathways they control, and the mechanisms underlying their deregulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Peris
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Silvia Romero-Murillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Vicente
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria D Odero
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Wu J, Ye F, Xu T. Celastrol impairs tumor growth by modulating the CIP2A-GSK3β-MCL-1 axis in gastric cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6894-6904. [PMID: 37470692 PMCID: PMC10415568 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM High Cancerous Inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) expression has been reported in solid and hematologic malignancies and is inversely associated with prognosis in Gastric Cancer, the non-small cell lung cancer, et al. CIP2A can be a drug target for the development of novel anti-gastric cancer agent. Our study was designed to explore the anti-cancer effect of celastrol, a small natural compound, and whether it has an anti-proliferative effect through inducing CIP2A degradation against gastric cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Employing human gastric cancer cells AGS and BCG-823 cells, the effects of celastrol on cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle was specifically investigated via Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and CCK8 assay. The functional association between celastrol and CIP2A was evaluated by using CIP2A knockdown and overexpression technique. The mechanism of underlying celastrol-triggering anti-gastric cancer effect was detected by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. RESULTS Celastrol concentration- and time-dependently induced CIP2A degradation and led to gastric cancer cell apoptosis. More in depth studies revealed specific activation of Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-GSK3β-MCL-1 signaling pathway was involved in pro-apoptosis effect of celastrol, due to celastrol-triggering degradation of CIP2A, which mainly suppressed PP2A activity. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight that celastrol has therapeutic potential via inducing apoptosis of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Dermatology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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9
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Bownes LV, Julson JR, Quinn CH, Hutchins SC, Erwin MH, Markert HR, Stewart JE, Mroczek-Musulman E, Aye J, Yoon KJ, Ohlmeyer M, Beierle EA. The Effects of Protein Phosphatase 2A Activation with Novel Tricyclic Sulfonamides on Hepatoblastoma. J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:1145-1154. [PMID: 36907775 PMCID: PMC10198925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor suppressor, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), is downregulated in hepatoblastoma. We aimed to examine the effects of two novel compounds of the tricyclic sulfonamide class, ATUX-3364 (3364) and ATUX-8385 (8385), designed to activate PP2A without causing immunosuppression, on human hepatoblastoma. METHODS An established human hepatoblastoma cell line, HuH6, and a human hepatoblastoma patient-derived xenograft, COA67, were treated with increasing doses of 3364 or 8385, and viability, proliferation, cell cycle and motility were investigated. Cancer cell stemness was evaluated by real-time PCR and tumorsphere forming ability. Effects on tumor growth were examined using a murine model. RESULTS Treatment with 3364 or 8385 significantly decreased viability, proliferation, cell cycle progression and motility in HuH6 and COA67 cells. Both compounds significantly decreased stemness as demonstrated by decreased abundance of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 mRNA. The ability of COA67 to form tumorspheres, another sign of cancer cell stemness, was significantly diminished by 3364 and 8385. Treatment with 3364 resulted in decreased tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Novel PP2A activators, 3364 and 8385, decreased hepatoblastoma proliferation, viability, and cancer cell stemness in vitro. Animals treated with 3364 had decreased tumor growth. These data provide evidence for further investigation of PP2A activating compounds as hepatoblastoma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Janet R Julson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Colin H Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Sara Claire Hutchins
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Michael H Erwin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Hooper R Markert
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | | | - Jamie Aye
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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10
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Zhang H, Zhu Y, Jin C, Shi L, Xie Y, Sun X, Li P, Zhu X, Dai Q, Yang F, Xie X, Qin L. Oct4 reduction contributes to testicular injury of unilateral testicular torsion in mice model and apoptotic death of Sertoli cells through mediating CIP2A expression. Gene 2023; 860:147214. [PMID: 36690227 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the mechanism of ipsilateral testis injury after ipsilateral testicular torsion detorsion (T/D) and the potential testis-protective part of the octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4)-cancerous inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) axis in a T/D animal model and in ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-treated testicular Sertoli TM4 cells. Quantitative Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot (WB) confirmed the downregulation of both CIP2A and Oct4 expression in the testicular tissue from T/D mice compared with sham-operated mice. T/D model was then established in mice with upregulated Oct4 expression in the testis. Oct4 elevation restored CIP2A expression in testes after T/D treatment. Furthermore, we observed that an increase in Oct4 ameliorated the testicular damage caused by torsion in the testis. Biochemical analysis indicated that T/D treatment increased serum anti-sperm antibody levels, but reduced testosterone levels. Meanwhile, in testicular tissue, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and activity of testicular myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzymes were promoted, while glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) was decreased by T/D injury. Notably, testicular Oct4 restoration partially counteracted the effect of T/D treatment on these biochemical indices. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) treatment was applied to TM4 cells to mimic TT injury in vitro. A gain-of-function study showed that Oct4 overexpression partly counteracted the promoting role of HR in cell damage, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in TM4 cells. These observations provide novel insights into the possible biochemical mechanism underlying the mediation of the Oct4-CIP2A axis in T/D injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yiting Zhu
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Whenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chengli Jin
- Department of First Clinical Medical School, Whenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lingxin Shi
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Whenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Whenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinyi Sun
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Whenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Peizhen Li
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Whenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Whenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Quanquan Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wenzhou Yongjia County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; Bio-XInstitutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Xie
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Le Qin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Chen D, Fan S, Wang J, Liang Y, Li P, Lv X, Sun Y, Wang Q, Liu H, Zhang C, Yi Y. Cip2a induces arginine biosynthesis and promotes tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:561-572. [PMID: 36705466 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (Cip2a) is an oncoprotein, playing important roles in tumor progression. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Cip2a promotes tumor aggressiveness in NSCLC remain to be further investigated. In this study, we found that Cip2a expression is elevated in NSCLC and correlates with poor prognosis. Knockdown of Cip2a significantly reduced the ability of cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that Cip2a promotes tumor progression partly by inducing arginine biosynthesis, and knockdown of Cip2a exhibited a significantly increased sensitivity to arginine deprivation and mTOR inhibition. In addition, we found that p53 mutants in NSCLC cells increased Cip2a expression by inhibiting the activity of wild-type p53. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of Cip2a in promoting tumor progression and suggest that Cip2a represents a potential therapeutic target for treating NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siwen Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanqing Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Pan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinwu Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanqin Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanmei Yi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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12
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de los Ríos C, Viejo L, Carretero VJ, Juárez NH, Cruz-Martins N, Hernández-Guijo JM. Promising Molecular Targets in Pharmacological Therapy for Neuronal Damage in Brain Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:118. [PMID: 36670980 PMCID: PMC9854812 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex etiopathogenesis of brain injury associated with neurodegeneration has sparked a lot of studies in the last century. These clinical situations are incurable, and the currently available therapies merely act on symptoms or slow down the course of the diseases. Effective methods are being sought with an intent to modify the disease, directly acting on the properly studied targets, as well as to contribute to the development of effective therapeutic strategies, opening the possibility of refocusing on drug development for disease management. In this sense, this review discusses the available evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Ca2+ miscommunication in neurons, as well as how targeting phosphorylation events may be used to modulate protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity in the treatment of neuronal damage. Ca2+ tends to be the catalyst for mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to the synaptic deficiency seen in brain injury. Additionally, emerging data have shown that PP2A-activating drugs (PADs) suppress inflammatory responses by inhibiting different signaling pathways, indicating that PADs may be beneficial for the management of neuronal damage. In addition, a few bioactive compounds have also triggered the activation of PP2A-targeted drugs for this treatment, and clinical studies will help in the authentication of these compounds. If the safety profiles of PADs are proven to be satisfactory, there is a case to be made for starting clinical studies in the setting of neurological diseases as quickly as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal de los Ríos
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic and Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Autónoma de Madrid, C/. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, University Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. Atenas s/n, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Lucía Viejo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic and Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Autónoma de Madrid, C/. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Jiménez Carretero
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic and Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Autónoma de Madrid, C/. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Hernández Juárez
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic and Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Autónoma de Madrid, C/. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Jesús M. Hernández-Guijo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic and Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Autónoma de Madrid, C/. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9,100, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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13
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The Pivotal Role of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415717. [PMID: 36555359 PMCID: PMC9779694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a highly complex heterotrimeric Ser/Thr phosphatase that regulates many cellular processes. PP2A is dysregulated in several human diseases, including oncological pathology; interestingly, PP2A appears to be essential for controlling cell growth and may be involved in cancer development. The role of PP2A as a tumor suppressor has been extensively studied and reviewed. To leverage the potential clinical utility of combination PP2A inhibition and radiotherapy treatment, it is vital that novel highly specific PP2A inhibitors be developed. In this review, the existing literature on the role of PP2A in brain tumors, especially in gliomas and glioblastoma (GBM), was analyzed. Interestingly, the review focused on the role of PP2A inhibitors, focusing on CIP2A inhibition, as CIP2A participated in tumor cell growth by stimulating cell-renewal survival, cellular proliferation, evasion of senescence and inhibition of apoptosis. This review suggested CIP2A inhibition as a promising strategy in oncology target therapy.
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14
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De Marco Zompit M, Esteban MT, Mooser C, Adam S, Rossi SE, Jeanrenaud A, Leimbacher PA, Fink D, Shorrocks AMK, Blackford AN, Durocher D, Stucki M. The CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex safeguards chromosomal stability during mitosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4143. [PMID: 35842428 PMCID: PMC9288427 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), highly toxic DNA lesions, is crucial for genome integrity and is tightly regulated during the cell cycle. In mitosis, cells inactivate DSB repair in favor of a tethering mechanism that stabilizes broken chromosomes until they are repaired in the subsequent cell cycle phases. How this is achieved mechanistically is not yet understood, but the adaptor protein TOPBP1 is critically implicated in this process. Here, we identify CIP2A as a TOPBP1-interacting protein that regulates TOPBP1 localization specifically in mitosis. Cells lacking CIP2A display increased radio-sensitivity, micronuclei formation and chromosomal instability. CIP2A is actively exported from the cell nucleus in interphase but, upon nuclear envelope breakdown at the onset of mitosis, gains access to chromatin where it forms a complex with MDC1 and TOPBP1 to promote TOPBP1 recruitment to sites of mitotic DSBs. Collectively, our data uncover CIP2A-TOPBP1 as a mitosis-specific genome maintenance complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara De Marco Zompit
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Mònica Torres Esteban
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Clémence Mooser
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Salomé Adam
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Silvia Emma Rossi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Jeanrenaud
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pia-Amata Leimbacher
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Fink
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ann-Marie K Shorrocks
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew N Blackford
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Durocher
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Manuel Stucki
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
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15
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Hasanin R, Mossallam G, Elfishawi S, Rabea A, Hamdy N. Overexpression of cancerous inhibitor of PP2A ( CIP2A) in acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2022; 15:465-471. [PMID: 35502616 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2022.2072825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy. Protein phosphatase 2A Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase and tumor suppressor that negatively regulates numerous signal transduction pathways. Cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) is an endogenous inhibitor of PP2A. CIP2A overexpression was shown to be a recurrent event in cytogenetic normal AML patients. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of CIP2A overexpression in patients with AML. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study included 174 newly diagnosed cytogenetic normal AML patients. Detection of CIP2A expression was performed using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS CIP2A was overexpressed in 125/174 (71.8%) of patients. Correlation of CIP2A overexpression with other prognostic factors showed significant association with CD34 expression (p=0.04). CIP2A overexpression was significantly associated with a lower rate of (complete remission) CR (p=0.019) and shorter disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (p<0.001 and <0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, CIP2A overexpression was an independent adverse prognostic factor that negatively affected DFS and OS (p<0.001, HR:2.8,95%CI:1.7-4.7 and p=0.002, HR:1.8; 95%CI:1.2-2.65, respectively). CONCLUSION CIP2A overexpression is a useful prognostic marker in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Hasanin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada Mossallam
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sally Elfishawi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Rabea
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayera Hamdy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Oct4 facilitates chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by mediating CIP2A expression. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:11-21. [PMID: 35435493 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone development and cartilage formation require strict modulation of gene expression for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to progress through their differentiation stages. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) expression is generally restricted to developing embryonic pluripotent cells, but its role in chondrogenic differentiation (CD) of MSCs remains unclear. We therefore investigated the role of Oct4 in CD using a microarray, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. The expression of Oct4 was elevated when the CD of cultured MSCs was induced. Silencing Oct4 damaged MSC growth and proliferation and decreased CD, indicated by decreased cartilage matrix formation and the expression of Col2a1, Col10a1, Acan, and Sox9. We found a positive correlation between the expression of CIP2A, a natural inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and that of Oct4. Cellular inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) expression gradually increased after CD. Overexpression of CIP2A in MSCs with Oct4 depletion promoted cartilage matrix deposition as well as Col2a1, Col10a1, Acan, and Sox9 expression. The chondrogenic induction triggered c-Myc, Akt, ERK, and MEK phosphorylation and upregulated c-Myc and mTOR expression, which was downregulated upon Oct4 knockdown and restored by CIP2A overexpression. These findings indicated that Oct4 functions as an essential chondrogenesis regulator, partly via the CIP2A/PP2A pathway.
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17
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Luque M, Cristóbal I, Sanz-Álvarez M, Santos A, Zazo S, Eroles P, Arpí O, Rovira A, Albanell J, Madoz-Gúrpide J, García-Foncillas J, Rojo F. CIP2A as a Key Regulator for AKT Phosphorylation Has Partial Impact Determining Clinical Outcome in Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061610. [PMID: 35329936 PMCID: PMC8955826 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Together with its reported ability to modulate AKT phosphorylation (p-AKT) status in several tumor types, the oncoprotein CIP2A has been described to induce breast cancer progression and drug resistance. However, the clinical and therapeutic relevance of the CIP2A/AKT interplay in breast cancer remains to be fully clarified. Here, we found high p-AKT levels in 80 out of 220 cases (36.4%), which were associated with negative estrogen receptor expression (p = 0.049) and CIP2A overexpression (p < 0.001). Interestingly, p-AKT determined substantially shorter overall (p = 0.002) and progression-free survival (p = 0.003), and multivariate analyses showed its CIP2A-independent prognostic value. Moreover, its clinical relevance was further confirmed in the triple negative and HER2-positive subgroups after stratifying our series by molecular subtype. Functionally, we confirmed in vitro the role of CIP2A as a regulator of p-AKT levels in breast cancer cell lines, and the importance of the CIP2A/AKT axis was also validated in vivo. Finally, p-AKT also showed a higher predictive value of response to doxorubicin than CIP2A in ex vivo analyses. In conclusion, our findings suggest that CIP2A overexpression is a key contributing event to AKT phosphorylation and highlights the CIP2A/AKT axis as a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer. However, our observations highlight the existence of alternative mechanisms that regulate AKT signaling in a subgroup of breast tumors without altered CIP2A expression that determines its independent value as a marker of poor outcome in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melani Luque
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-Á.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, ISS-FJD-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (F.R.); Tel.: +34-915-504-800 (I.C. & F.R.)
| | - Marta Sanz-Álvarez
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-Á.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Andrea Santos
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, ISS-FJD-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-Á.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Pilar Eroles
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Oriol Arpí
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (O.A.); (A.R.); (J.A.)
| | - Ana Rovira
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (O.A.); (A.R.); (J.A.)
| | - Joan Albanell
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (O.A.); (A.R.); (J.A.)
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-Á.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-Á.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.)
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (F.R.); Tel.: +34-915-504-800 (I.C. & F.R.)
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18
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Hu W, Wang Z, Zhang H, Mahaman YAR, Huang F, Meng D, Zhou Y, Wang S, Jiang N, Xiong J, Westermarck J, Lu Y, Wang J, Wang X, Shentu Y, Liu R. Chk1 Inhibition Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis and Cognitive Dysfunction Through CIP2A/PP2A Signaling. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:570-591. [PMID: 35286657 PMCID: PMC9226264 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease with limited therapeutic strategies. Cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase 1 (Chk1) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase which is activated in response to DNA damage, the latter which is an early event in AD. However, whether DNA damage-induced Chk1 activation participates in the development of AD and Chk1 inhibition ameliorates AD-like pathogenesis remain unclarified. Here, we demonstrate that Chk1 activity and the levels of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitory protein CIP2A are elevated in AD human brains, APP/PS1 transgenic mice, and primary neurons with Aβ treatment. Chk1 overexpression induces CIP2A upregulation, PP2A inhibition, tau and APP hyperphosphorylation, synaptic impairments, and cognitive memory deficit in mice. Moreover, Chk1 inhibitor (GDC0575) effectively increases PP2A activity, decreases tau phosphorylation, and inhibits Aβ overproduction in AD cell models. GDC0575 also reverses AD-like cognitive deficits and prevents neuron loss and synaptic impairments in APP/PS1 mice. In conclusion, our study uncovers a mechanism by which DNA damage-induced Chk1 activation promotes CIP2A-mediated tau and APP hyperphosphorylation and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and highlights the therapeutic potential of Chk1 inhibitors in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuoqun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yacoubou Abdoul Razak Mahaman
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongli Meng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Youming Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianzhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yangping Shentu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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19
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Liu S, Bu X, Kan A, Luo L, Xu Y, Chen H, Lin X, Lai Z, Wen D, Huang L, Shi M. SP1-induced lncRNA DUBR promotes stemness and oxaliplatin resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma via E2F1-CIP2A feedback. Cancer Lett 2022; 528:16-30. [PMID: 34958891 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is widely used to treat advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but many patients develop drug resistance that leads to tumor recurrence. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to contribute to chemoresistance, the underlying mechanism, however, remains largely unknown. In this study, we discovered a specificity protein 1 (SP1)-induced long noncoding RNA--DPPA2 upstream binding RNA (DUBR) and its high expression in HCC tissues and liver CSCs. DUBR was associated with HCC progression and poor chemotherapy response. Moreover, DUBR facilitated the stemness and oxaliplatin resistance of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, DUBR upregulated cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) expression through E2F1-mediated transcription regulation. DUBR also exerted function by binding microRNA (miR)-520d-5p as a competing endogenous RNA to upregulate CIP2A at mRNA level. CIP2A, in turn, stabilized E2F1 protein and activated the Notch1 signaling pathway, thereby increasing the stemness feature of HCC and leading to chemoresistance. In conclusion, we identified SP1/DUBR/E2F1-CIP2A as a critical axis to activate the Notch1 signaling pathway and promote stemness and chemoresistance of HCC. Therefore, DUBR could be a potential target in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xy Bu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anna Kan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yj Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hl Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xj Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zc Lai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ds Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lc Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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20
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Tinsley SL, Allen-Petersen BL. PP2A and cancer epigenetics: a therapeutic opportunity waiting to happen. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac002. [PMID: 35118387 PMCID: PMC8807117 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic state of chromatin is altered by regulators which influence gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. While several post-translational modifications contribute to chromatin accessibility and transcriptional programs, our understanding of the role that specific phosphorylation sites play is limited. In cancer, kinases and phosphatases are commonly deregulated resulting in increased oncogenic signaling and loss of epigenetic regulation. Aberrant epigenetic states are known to promote cellular plasticity and the development of therapeutic resistance in many cancer types, highlighting the importance of these mechanisms to cancer cell phenotypes. Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimeric holoenzyme that targets a diverse array of cellular proteins. The composition of the PP2A complex influences its cellular targets and activity. For this reason, PP2A can be tumor suppressive or oncogenic depending on cellular context. Understanding the nuances of PP2A regulation and its effect on epigenetic alterations can lead to new therapeutic avenues that afford more specificity and contribute to the growth of personalized medicine in the oncology field. In this review, we summarize the known PP2A-regulated substrates and potential phosphorylation sites that contribute to cancer cell epigenetics and possible strategies to therapeutically leverage this phosphatase to suppress tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Tinsley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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21
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Dana D, Das T, Choi A, Bhuiyan AI, Das TK, Talele TT, Pathak SK. Nek2 Kinase Signaling in Malaria, Bone, Immune and Kidney Disorders to Metastatic Cancers and Drug Resistance: Progress on Nek2 Inhibitor Development. Molecules 2022; 27:347. [PMID: 35056661 PMCID: PMC8779408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle kinases represent an important component of the cell machinery that controls signal transduction involved in cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation. Nek2 is a mitotic Ser/Thr kinase that localizes predominantly to centrosomes and kinetochores and orchestrates centrosome disjunction and faithful chromosomal segregation. Its activity is tightly regulated during the cell cycle with the help of other kinases and phosphatases and via proteasomal degradation. Increased levels of Nek2 kinase can promote centrosome amplification (CA), mitotic defects, chromosome instability (CIN), tumor growth, and cancer metastasis. While it remains a highly attractive target for the development of anti-cancer therapeutics, several new roles of the Nek2 enzyme have recently emerged: these include drug resistance, bone, ciliopathies, immune and kidney diseases, and parasitic diseases such as malaria. Therefore, Nek2 is at the interface of multiple cellular processes and can influence numerous cellular signaling networks. Herein, we provide a critical overview of Nek2 kinase biology and discuss the signaling roles it plays in both normal and diseased human physiology. While the majority of research efforts over the last two decades have focused on the roles of Nek2 kinase in tumor development and cancer metastasis, the signaling mechanisms involving the key players associated with several other notable human diseases are highlighted here. We summarize the efforts made so far to develop Nek2 inhibitory small molecules, illustrate their action modalities, and provide our opinion on the future of Nek2-targeted therapeutics. It is anticipated that the functional inhibition of Nek2 kinase will be a key strategy going forward in drug development, with applications across multiple human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Dana
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA; (D.D.); (T.D.); (A.C.); (A.I.B.)
- KemPharm Inc., 2200 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Tuhin Das
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA; (D.D.); (T.D.); (A.C.); (A.I.B.)
| | - Athena Choi
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA; (D.D.); (T.D.); (A.C.); (A.I.B.)
- Brooklyn Technical High School, 29 Fort Greene Pl, Brooklyn, NY 11217, USA
| | - Ashif I. Bhuiyan
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA; (D.D.); (T.D.); (A.C.); (A.I.B.)
- Chemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tirtha K. Das
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tanaji T. Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA;
| | - Sanjai K. Pathak
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA; (D.D.); (T.D.); (A.C.); (A.I.B.)
- Chemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Biochemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
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22
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Sergienko NM, Donner DG, Delbridge LMD, McMullen JR, Weeks KL. Protein phosphatase 2A in the healthy and failing heart: New insights and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Signal 2021; 91:110213. [PMID: 34902541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases have emerged as critical regulators of phosphoprotein homeostasis in settings of health and disease. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) encompasses a large subfamily of enzymes that remove phosphate groups from serine/threonine residues within phosphoproteins. The heterogeneity in PP2A structure, which arises from the grouping of different catalytic, scaffolding and regulatory subunit isoforms, creates distinct populations of catalytically active enzymes (i.e. holoenzymes) that localise to different parts of the cell. This structural complexity, combined with other regulatory mechanisms, such as interaction of PP2A heterotrimers with accessory proteins and post-translational modification of the catalytic and/or regulatory subunits, enables PP2A holoenzymes to target phosphoprotein substrates in a highly specific manner. In this review, we summarise the roles of PP2A in cardiac physiology and disease. PP2A modulates numerous processes that are vital for heart function including calcium handling, contractility, β-adrenergic signalling, metabolism and transcription. Dysregulation of PP2A has been observed in human cardiac disease settings, including heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Efforts are underway, particularly in the cancer field, to develop therapeutics targeting PP2A activity. The development of small molecule activators of PP2A (SMAPs) and other compounds that selectively target specific PP2A holoenzymes (e.g. PP2A/B56α and PP2A/B56ε) will improve understanding of the function of different PP2A species in the heart, and may lead to the development of therapeutics for normalising aberrant protein phosphorylation in settings of cardiac remodelling and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Sergienko
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Physiology and Department of Medicine Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
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23
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Adam S, Rossi SE, Moatti N, De Marco Zompit M, Xue Y, Ng TF, Álvarez-Quilón A, Desjardins J, Bhaskaran V, Martino G, Setiaputra D, Noordermeer SM, Ohsumi TK, Hustedt N, Szilard RK, Chaudhary N, Munro M, Veloso A, Melo H, Yin SY, Papp R, Young JTF, Zinda M, Stucki M, Durocher D. The CIP2A-TOPBP1 axis safeguards chromosome stability and is a synthetic lethal target for BRCA-mutated cancer. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:1357-1371. [PMID: 35121901 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00266-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BRCA1/2-mutated cancer cells adapt to the genome instability caused by their deficiency in homologous recombination (HR). Identification of these adaptive mechanisms may provide therapeutic strategies to target tumors caused by the loss of these genes. In the present study, we report genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 synthetic lethality screens in isogenic pairs of BRCA1- and BRCA2-deficient cells and identify CIP2A as an essential gene in BRCA1- and BRCA2-mutated cells. CIP2A is cytoplasmic in interphase but, in mitosis, accumulates at DNA lesions as part of a complex with TOPBP1, a multifunctional genome stability factor. Unlike PARP inhibition, CIP2A deficiency does not cause accumulation of replication-associated DNA lesions that require HR for their repair. In BRCA-deficient cells, the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex prevents lethal mis-segregation of acentric chromosomes that arises from impaired DNA synthesis. Finally, physical disruption of the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex is highly deleterious in BRCA-deficient tumors, indicating that CIP2A represents an attractive synthetic lethal therapeutic target for BRCA1- and BRCA2-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Adam
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Silvia Emma Rossi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathalie Moatti
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mara De Marco Zompit
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Yibo Xue
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy F Ng
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alejandro Álvarez-Quilón
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Repare Therapeutics, St-Laurent, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Dheva Setiaputra
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvie M Noordermeer
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicole Hustedt
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lonza AG, Visp, Switzerland
| | - Rachel K Szilard
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha Chaudhary
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meagan Munro
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Henrique Melo
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robert Papp
- Repare Therapeutics, St-Laurent, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Manuel Stucki
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Durocher
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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24
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Hollenstein DM, Gérecová G, Romanov N, Ferrari J, Veis J, Janschitz M, Beyer R, Schüller C, Ogris E, Hartl M, Ammerer G, Reiter W. A phosphatase-centric mechanism drives stress signaling response. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52476. [PMID: 34558777 PMCID: PMC8567219 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Changing environmental cues lead to the adjustment of cellular physiology by phosphorylation signaling networks that typically center around kinases as active effectors and phosphatases as antagonistic elements. Here, we report a signaling mechanism that reverses this principle. Using the hyperosmotic stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system, we find that a phosphatase-driven mechanism causes induction of phosphorylation. The key activating step that triggers this phospho-proteomic response is the Endosulfine-mediated inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A-Cdc55 (PP2ACdc55 ), while we do not observe concurrent kinase activation. In fact, many of the stress-induced phosphorylation sites appear to be direct substrates of the phosphatase, rendering PP2ACdc55 the main downstream effector of a signaling response that operates in parallel and independent of the well-established kinase-centric stress signaling pathways. This response affects multiple cellular processes and is required for stress survival. Our results demonstrate how a phosphatase can assume the role of active downstream effectors during signaling and allow re-evaluating the impact of phosphatases on shaping the phosphorylome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Maria Hollenstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyMax Perutz LabsVienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gabriela Gérecová
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyMax Perutz LabsVienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Jessica Ferrari
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyMax Perutz LabsVienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jiri Veis
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyMax Perutz LabsVienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Center for Medical BiochemistryMax Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Marion Janschitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyMax Perutz LabsVienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Reinhard Beyer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ)University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM)Tulln a.d. DonauAustria
| | - Christoph Schüller
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ)University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM)Tulln a.d. DonauAustria
| | - Egon Ogris
- Center for Medical BiochemistryMax Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Markus Hartl
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyMax Perutz LabsVienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Mass Spectrometry FacilityMax Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenterUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gustav Ammerer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyMax Perutz LabsVienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Wolfgang Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyMax Perutz LabsVienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Mass Spectrometry FacilityMax Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenterUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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25
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Zeng R, Jin C, Zheng C, Li S, Qian S, Pan J, Wang L, Zhao J, Qin L. OCT4 Represses Inflammation and Cell Injury During Orchitis by Regulating CIP2A Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:683209. [PMID: 34513828 PMCID: PMC8427512 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) and cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) are upregulated in testicular cancer and cell lines. However, its contribution to orchitis (testicular inflammation) is unclear and was thus, investigated herein. Cell-based experiments on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced orchitis mouse model revealed robust inflammation, apoptotic cell death, and redox disorder in the Leydig (interstitial), Sertoli (supporting), and, germ cells. Meanwhile, real-time quantitative PCR revealed low OCT4 and CIP2A levels in testicular tissue and LPS-stimulated cells. A gain-of-function study showed that OCT4 overexpression not only increased CIP2A expression but also repressed LPS-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and redox disorder in the aforementioned cells. Furthermore, the re-inhibition of CIP2A expression by TD-19 in OCT4-overexpressing cells counteracted the effects of OCT4 overexpression on inflammation, apoptosis, and redox equilibrium. In addition, our results indicated that the Keap1-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway was mediated by OCT4 and CIP2A. These findings provide insights into the potential mechanism underlying OCT4- and CIP2A-mediated testicular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengli Jin
- Department of First Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuchu Zheng
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaoqi Li
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siyue Qian
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingsa Pan
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lvhe Wang
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Le Qin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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26
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De Marco Zompit M, Stucki M. Mechanisms of genome stability maintenance during cell division. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 108:103215. [PMID: 34455186 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
During mitosis, chromosomes undergo extensive structural changes resulting in the formation of compact cylindrical bodies and in the termination of the bulk of DNA-dependent metabolic activities. Therefore, DNA lesions that interfere with processes such as DNA replication and transcription in interphase are not expected to pose a major threat to genome stability in mitosis. There are, however, a few exceptions. DNA replication and repair intermediates that physically interconnect the sister chromatids jeopardize faithful chromosome segregation and need to be resolved before the onset of anaphase. In addition, dicentric chromosomes can form chromatin bridges and induce breakage-fusion-breakage cycles with dire consequences for genome stability. Finally, chromosome breaks that escape the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint or emerge early in mitosis may result in lagging acentric DNA fragments that mis-segregate and form micronuclei when cells exit from mitosis. Both chromatin bridges and micronuclei are potential sources of a mutational cascade that results in massive chromosomal instability and significantly contributes to genomic complexity. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of the origins and consequences of chromosome bridges and micronuclei and the mechanisms by which cells suppress them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara De Marco Zompit
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Stucki
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.
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27
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Routila J, Suvila K, Grénman R, Leivo I, Westermarck J, Ventelä S. Cancer cell line microarray as a novel screening method for identification of radioresistance biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:868. [PMID: 34320941 PMCID: PMC8320194 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, no clinically useful biomarkers for radioresistance are available in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study assesses the usefulness of Cell Line Microarray (CMA) method to enhance immunohistochemical screening of potential immunohistochemical biomarkers for radioresistance in HNSCC cell lines. Methods Twenty-nine HNSCC cell lines were cultured, cell pellets formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and arrayed. Radioresistance features of the cell lines were combined to immunohistochemical stains for p53, NDFIP1, EGFR, stem cell marker Oct4, and PP2A inhibitor CIP2A. Results Expression of p53, EGFR or CIP2A did not indicate intrinsic radioresistance in vitro. Stem cell marker Oct4 nuclear positivity and NDFIP1 nuclear positivity was correlated with increased intrinsic radioresistance. Conclusion The usefulness of CMA in analysis of HNSCC cell lines and discovery of biomarkers is demonstrated. CMA is very well adapted to both testing of antibodies in a large panel of cell lines as well as correlating staining results with other cell line characteristics. In addition, CMA-based antibody screening proved an efficient and relatively simple method to identify potential radioresistance biomarkers in HNSCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08618-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Routila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi university, Turku, Finland.,Department for Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland.,Department for Otorhinolaryngology, Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, Finland
| | - Karri Suvila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi university, Turku, Finland
| | - Reidar Grénman
- Department for Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi university, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sami Ventelä
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi university, Turku, Finland. .,Department for Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland. .,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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28
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Cancer stem cell phosphatases. Biochem J 2021; 478:2899-2920. [PMID: 34319405 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in the initiation and progression of human malignancies by enabling cancer tissue self-renewal capacity and constituting the therapy-resistant population of tumor cells. However, despite the exhausting characterization of CSC genetics, epigenetics, and kinase signaling, eradication of CSCs remains an unattainable goal in most human malignancies. While phosphatases contribute equally with kinases to cellular phosphoregulation, our understanding of phosphatases in CSCs lags severely behind our knowledge about other CSC signaling mechanisms. Many cancer-relevant phosphatases have recently become druggable, indicating that further understanding of the CSC phosphatases might provide novel therapeutic opportunities. This review summarizes the current knowledge about fundamental, but yet poorly understood involvement of phosphatases in the regulation of major CSC signaling pathways. We also review the functional roles of phosphatases in CSC self-renewal, cancer progression, and therapy resistance; focusing particularly on hematological cancers and glioblastoma. We further discuss the small molecule targeting of CSC phosphatases and their therapeutic potential in cancer combination therapies.
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29
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Son HE, Jang WG. Cip2A modulates osteogenic differentiation via the ERK-Runx2 pathway in MG63 cells. Biofactors 2021; 47:658-664. [PMID: 34077593 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (Cip2A) is an oncoprotein that promotes the development of several types of cancer. However, its molecular function in osteoblast differentiation remains unclear. In this study, we found that Cip2A was upregulated under osteogenic conditions in MG63 cells. Besides, overexpression of Cip2A significantly increased the expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Inversely, the knockdown of Cip2A in MG63 cells suppressed osteoblast differentiation. Cip2A expression during osteogenic differentiation was mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Taken together, our results suggest that Cip2A plays important role in regulating osteoblast differentiation by inducing ERK phosphorylation in MG63 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Eun Son
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gu Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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30
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Shi L, Du X, Liu H, Chen X, Ma Y, Wang R, Tian Z, Zhang S, Guo H, Zhang H. Update on the adverse effects of microcystins on the liver. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110890. [PMID: 33617868 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are the most common cyanobacteria toxins in eutrophic water, which have strong hepatotoxicity. In the past decade, epidemiological and toxicological studies on liver damage caused by MCs have proliferated, and new mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by MCs have also been discovered and confirmed. However, there has not been a comprehensive and systematic review of these new findings. Therefore, this paper summarizes the latest advances in studies on the hepatotoxicity of MCs to reveal the effects and mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by MCs. Current epidemiological studies have confirmed that symptoms or signs of liver damage appear after human exposure to MCs, and a long time of exposure can even lead to liver cancer. Toxicological studies have shown that MCs can affect the expression of oncogenes by activating cell proliferation pathways such as MAPK and Akt, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of cancer. The latest evidence shows that epigenetic modifications may play an important role in MCs-induced liver cancer. MCs can cause damage to the liver by inducing hepatocyte death, mainly manifested as apoptosis and necrosis. The imbalance of liver metabolic homeostasis may be involved in hepatotoxicity induced by MCs. In addition, the combined toxicity of MCs and other toxins are also discussed in this article. This detailed information will be a valuable reference for further exploring of MCs-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjia Shi
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haohao Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinghai Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St Mary's University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ya Ma
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhihui Tian
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongxiang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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31
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Routila J, Leivo I, Minn H, Westermarck J, Ventelä S. Evaluation of prognostic biomarkers in a population-validated Finnish HNSCC patient cohort. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 278:4575-4585. [PMID: 33582846 PMCID: PMC8486716 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic approaches have been slow to emerge in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study, an HNSCC patient cohort is created and performance of putative prognostic biomarkers investigated in a population-validated setting. The overall goal is to develop a novel way to combine biomarker analyses with population-level clinical data on HNSCC patients and thus to improve the carryover of biomarkers into clinical practice. Materials and methods To avoid selection biases in retrospective study design, all HNSCC patients were identified and corresponding clinical data were collected from the Southwest Finland geographical area. A particular emphasis was laid on avoiding potential biases in sample selection for immunohistochemical staining analyses. Staining results were evaluated for potential prognostic resolution. Results After comprehensive evaluation, the patient cohort was found to be representative of the background population in terms of clinical characteristics such as patient age and TNM stage distribution. A negligible drop-out of 1.3% (6/476) was observed during the first follow-up year. By immunohistochemical analysis, the role of previously implicated HNSCC biomarkers (p53, EGFR, p16, CIP2A, Oct4, MET, and NDFIP1) was investigated. Discussion Our exceptionally representative patient material supports the use of population validation to improve the applicability of results to real-life situations. The failure of the putative prognostic biomarkers emphasizes the need for controlling bias in retrospective studies, especially in the heterogenous tumor environment of HNSCC. The resolution of simple prognostic examination is unlikely to be sufficient to identify biomarkers for clinical practice of HNSCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00405-021-06650-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Routila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - I Leivo
- Biomedical Institute, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - H Minn
- FICAN West Cancer Centre, Turku, Finland.,Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - J Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Biomedical Institute, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.,FICAN West Cancer Centre, Turku, Finland
| | - Sami Ventelä
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. .,Department for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland. .,FICAN West Cancer Centre, Turku, Finland.
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32
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The role of phosphoprotein phosphatases catalytic subunit genes in pancreatic cancer. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227135. [PMID: 33270085 PMCID: PMC7785039 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests that phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs) are involved in a large spectrum of physiological and pathological processes, but little is known about their roles in pancreatic cancer. We investigated the expression level, prognostic value, and potential function of PPPs with data from Oncomine, GEPIA, THPA, and TCGA databases and an independent cohort of patients with pancreatic cancer. Among all the PPP catalytic subunits (PPPcs), the transcription levels of PPP1CA, PPP1CB, PPP3CA, PPP3CB, and PPP4C were higher in pancreatic cancer than in normal pancreas (P<0.01, fold change > 2). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that high transcription levels of PPP1CA, PPP1CB, PPP2CA, PPP2CB, PPP3CA, and PPP4C correlated with poorer survival. In contrast, patients with high levels of PPP3CB, PPP3CC, PPP5C, PPP6C, and PPEF2 had much better prognoses. Data from THPA and patients with pancreatic cancer enrolled in our hospital also confirmed the prognostic value of PPP1CA, PPP1CB, PPP2CA, PPP2CB, PPP3CA, PPP3CB, and PPP6C at the protein level. In addition, the Pearson Chi-square test showed that PPP3CB level was significantly correlated with T and N stages. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the genes and pathways related to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer were greatly affected by alterations in PPPcs. Results of the present study suggest that PPP1CA, PPP1CB, PPP2CA, PPP2CB, and PPP3CA have deleterious effects but PPP3CB, PPP5C, and PPP6C have beneficial effects on pancreatic cancer.
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Denk S, Schmidt S, Schurr Y, Schwarz G, Schote F, Diefenbacher M, Armendariz C, Dejure F, Eilers M, Wiegering A. CIP2A regulates MYC translation (via its 5'UTR) in colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:911-918. [PMID: 33078202 PMCID: PMC8178152 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulated expression of MYC is a driver of colorectal carcinogenesis, suggesting that decreasing MYC expression may have significant therapeutic value. CIP2A is an oncogenic factor that regulates MYC expression. CIP2A is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), and its expression levels are an independent marker for long-term outcome of CRC. Previous studies suggested that CIP2A controls MYC protein expression on a post-transcriptional level. METHODS To determine the mechanism by which CIP2A regulates MYC in CRC, we dissected MYC translation and stability dependent on CIP2A in CRC cell lines. RESULTS Knockdown of CIP2A reduced MYC protein levels without influencing MYC stability in CRC cell lines. Interfering with proteasomal degradation of MYC by usage of FBXW7-deficient cells or treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 did not rescue the effect of CIP2A depletion on MYC protein levels. Whereas CIP2A knockdown had marginal influence on global protein synthesis, we could demonstrate that, by using different reporter constructs and cells expressing MYC mRNA with or without flanking UTR, CIP2A regulates MYC translation. This interaction is mainly conducted by the MYC 5'UTR. CONCLUSIONS Thus, instead of targeting MYC protein stability as reported for other tissue types before, CIP2A specifically regulates MYC mRNA translation in CRC but has only slight effects on global mRNA translation. In conclusion, we propose as novel mechanism that CIP2A regulates MYC on a translational level rather than affecting MYC protein stability in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Denk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S. Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Y. Schurr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - G. Schwarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F. Schote
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Diefenbacher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C. Armendariz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F. Dejure
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Eilers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Armin Wiegering
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany ,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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34
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Khan MM, Välikangas T, Khan MH, Moulder R, Ullah U, Bhosale SD, Komsi E, Butt U, Qiao X, Westermarck J, Elo LL, Lahesmaa R. Protein interactome of the Cancerous Inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) in Th17 cells. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 1:10-22. [PMID: 33817627 PMCID: PMC8008788 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is involved in immune response, cancer progression, and Alzheimer's disease. However, an understanding of the mechanistic basis of its function in this wide spectrum of physiological and pathological processes is limited due to its poorly characterized interaction networks. Here we present the first systematic characterization of the CIP2A interactome by affinity-purification mass spectrometry combined with validation by selected reaction monitoring targeted mass spectrometry (SRM-MS) analysis in T helper (Th) 17 (Th17) cells. In addition to the known regulatory subunits of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), the catalytic subunits of protein PP2A were found to be interacting with CIP2A. Furthermore, the regulatory (PPP1R18, and PPP1R12A) and catalytic (PPP1CA) subunits of phosphatase PP1 were identified among the top novel CIP2A interactors. Evaluation of the ontologies associated with the proteins in this interactome revealed that they were linked with RNA metabolic processing and splicing, protein traffic, cytoskeleton regulation and ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation processes. Taken together, this network of protein-protein interactions will be important for understanding and further exploring the biological processes and mechanisms regulated by CIP2A both in physiological and pathological conditions. The first characterisation of the CIP2A interactome in Th17 cells. Key interactions validated by targeted SRM-MS proteomics, western blot and confocal microscopy. Pathway analysis of the interactome revealed interrelationships with proteins across a broad range of cellular processes. The study identifies for the first time the interaction of phosphatase PP1 with CIP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Moin Khan
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine (TuDMM), Medical Faculty, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tommi Välikangas
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Doctoral Programme in Mathematics and Computer Sciences (MATTI), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Meraj Hasan Khan
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Robert Moulder
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Ubaid Ullah
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Santosh Dilip Bhosale
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine (TuDMM), Medical Faculty, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Komsi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Umar Butt
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Xi Qiao
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura L. Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Corresponding author. Turku Bioscience Centre, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, 20520, Finland.
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35
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Goguet-Rubio P, Amin P, Awal S, Vigneron S, Charrasse S, Mechali F, Labbé JC, Lorca T, Castro A. PP2A-B55 Holoenzyme Regulation and Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111586. [PMID: 33266510 PMCID: PMC7700614 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification essential for the control of the activity of most enzymes in the cell. This protein modification results from a fine-tuned balance between kinases and phosphatases. PP2A is one of the major serine/threonine phosphatases that is involved in the control of a myriad of different signaling cascades. This enzyme, often misregulated in cancer, is considered a tumor suppressor. In this review, we will focus on PP2A-B55, a particular holoenzyme of the family of the PP2A phosphatases whose specific role in cancer development and progression has only recently been highlighted. The discovery of the Greatwall (Gwl)/Arpp19-ENSA cascade, a new pathway specifically controlling PP2A-B55 activity, has been shown to be frequently altered in cancer. Herein, we will review the current knowledge about the mechanisms controlling the formation and the regulation of the activity of this phosphatase and its misregulation in cancer.
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36
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Bhowmick S, Roy K, Saha A. Exploring CIP2A modulators using multiple molecular modeling approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1048-1063. [PMID: 32930061 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1821781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shovonlal Bhowmick
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kunal Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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37
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Shah VM, English IA, Sears RC. Select Stabilization of a Tumor-Suppressive PP2A Heterotrimer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:595-597. [PMID: 32624198 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In cancer, suppression of protein phosphatases, such as protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), that normally counteract kinases, contributes to aberrant signaling. Leonard et al. recently demonstrated that a novel small-molecule activator of PP2A, DT-061, selectively stabilizes a specific PP2A holoenzyme responsible for dephosphorylating critical oncogenic targets, including MYC. The 3.6-Å cryo-electron microscopy map of the heterotrimer assembly provides insight into the druggable structure of PP2A, guiding future phosphatase therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Brenden Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Isabel A English
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Brenden Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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38
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Alzahrani R, Alrehaili AA, Gharib AF, Anjum F, Ismail KA, Elsawy WH. Cancerous Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 2A as a Molecular Marker for Aggressiveness and Survival in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer Prev 2020; 25:21-26. [PMID: 32266176 PMCID: PMC7113414 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2020.25.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) has been identified as one of the most commonly altered proteins in human cancers. It blocks the tumor-suppressive action of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) complex and enhances malignancy. Thirty-five patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity underwent surgical resection of the tumor. CIP2A was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR in the resected tumor tissues and in their adjacent normal tissues. CIP2A was found to be overexpressed in all oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) specimens in comparison to their surrounding normal tissue. CIP2A overexpression was statistically correlated with poor prognostic feature of the tumor. Thus, a high expression level of CIP2A was associated with shorter survival. In conclusion, CIP2A is upregulated in OSCC, and its overexpression is correlated with aggressiveness of the tumor and poor outcome and survival. It may serve as a prognostic marker of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajab Alzahrani
- Department of Surgery, Medical College, Albaha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani A Alrehaili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal F Gharib
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Farah Anjum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadiga A Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael H Elsawy
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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39
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Khan MM, Ullah U, Khan MH, Kong L, Moulder R, Välikangas T, Bhosale SD, Komsi E, Rasool O, Chen Z, Elo LL, Westermarck J, Lahesmaa R. CIP2A Constrains Th17 Differentiation by Modulating STAT3 Signaling. iScience 2020; 23:100947. [PMID: 32171124 PMCID: PMC7068643 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancerous Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is an oncogene and a potential cancer therapy target protein. Accordingly, a better understanding of the physiological function of CIP2A, especially in the context of immune cells, is a prerequisite for its exploitation in cancer therapy. Here, we report that CIP2A negatively regulates interleukin (IL)-17 production by Th17 cells in human and mouse. Interestingly, concomitant with increased IL-17 production, CIP2A-deficient Th17 cells had increased strength and duration of STAT3 phosphorylation. We analyzed the interactome of phosphorylated STAT3 in CIP2A-deficient and CIP2A-sufficient Th17 cells and indicated together with genome-wide gene expression profiling, a role of Acylglycerol Kinase (AGK) in the regulation of Th17 differentiation by CIP2A. We demonstrated that CIP2A regulates the strength of the interaction between AGK and STAT3, and thereby modulates STAT3 phosphorylation and expression of IL-17 in Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Moin Khan
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland; Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine (TuDMM), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ubaid Ullah
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland
| | - Meraj H Khan
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland
| | - Lingjia Kong
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Robert Moulder
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland
| | - Tommi Välikangas
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland; Doctoral Programme in Mathematics and Computer Sciences (MATTI), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Santosh Dilip Bhosale
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Komsi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland
| | - Omid Rasool
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland
| | - Zhi Chen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland; Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland.
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40
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Kauko O, Imanishi SY, Kulesskiy E, Yetukuri L, Laajala TD, Sharma M, Pavic K, Aakula A, Rupp C, Jumppanen M, Haapaniemi P, Ruan L, Yadav B, Suni V, Varila T, Corthals GL, Reimand J, Wennerberg K, Aittokallio T, Westermarck J. Phosphoproteome and drug-response effects mediated by the three protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor proteins CIP2A, SET, and PME-1. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4194-4211. [PMID: 32071079 PMCID: PMC7105317 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) critically regulates cell signaling and is a human tumor suppressor. PP2A complexes are modulated by proteins such as cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), protein phosphatase methylesterase 1 (PME-1), and SET nuclear proto-oncogene (SET) that often are deregulated in cancers. However, how they impact cellular phosphorylation and how redundant they are in cellular regulation is poorly understood. Here, we conducted a systematic phosphoproteomics screen for phosphotargets modulated by siRNA-mediated depletion of CIP2A, PME-1, and SET (to reactivate PP2A) or the scaffolding A-subunit of PP2A (PPP2R1A) (to inhibit PP2A) in HeLa cells. We identified PP2A-modulated targets in diverse cellular pathways, including kinase signaling, cytoskeleton, RNA splicing, DNA repair, and nuclear lamina. The results indicate nonredundancy among CIP2A, PME-1, and SET in phosphotarget regulation. Notably, PP2A inhibition or reactivation affected largely distinct phosphopeptides, introducing a concept of nonoverlapping phosphatase inhibition- and activation-responsive sites (PIRS and PARS, respectively). This phenomenon is explained by the PPP2R1A inhibition impacting primarily dephosphorylated threonines, whereas PP2A reactivation results in dephosphorylation of clustered and acidophilic sites. Using comprehensive drug-sensitivity screening in PP2A-modulated cells to evaluate the functional impact of PP2A across diverse cellular pathways targeted by these drugs, we found that consistent with global phosphoproteome effects, PP2A modulations broadly affect responses to more than 200 drugs inhibiting a broad spectrum of cancer-relevant targets. These findings advance our understanding of the phosphoproteins, pharmacological responses, and cellular processes regulated by PP2A modulation and may enable the development of combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Kauko
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland; TuBS and TuDMM Doctoral Programmes, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Susumu Y Imanishi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Evgeny Kulesskiy
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laxman Yetukuri
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Daniel Laajala
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Mukund Sharma
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland; TuBS and TuDMM Doctoral Programmes, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Karolina Pavic
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Aakula
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Christian Rupp
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Jumppanen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Haapaniemi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Luyao Ruan
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Bhagwan Yadav
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veronika Suni
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Taru Varila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Garry L Corthals
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Jüri Reimand
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland.
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Khanna A, Thoms JAI, Stringer BW, Chung SA, Ensbey KS, Jue TR, Jahan Z, Subramanian S, Anande G, Shen H, Unnikrishnan A, McDonald KL, Day BW, Pimanda JE. Constitutive CHK1 Expression Drives a pSTAT3-CIP2A Circuit that Promotes Glioblastoma Cell Survival and Growth. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:709-722. [PMID: 32079743 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-constitutive activity of the DNA damage response protein checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) has been shown in glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines and in tissue sections. However, whether constitutive activation and overexpression of CHK1 in GBM plays a functional role in tumorigenesis or has prognostic significance is not known. We interrogated multiple glioma patient cohorts for expression levels of CHK1 and the oncogene cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), a known target of high-CHK1 activity, and examined the relationship between these two proteins in GBM. Expression levels of CHK1 and CIP2A were independent predictors for reduced overall survival across multiple glioma patient cohorts. Using siRNA and pharmacologic inhibitors we evaluated the impact of their depletion using both in vitro and in vivo models and sought a mechanistic explanation for high CIP2A in the presence of high-CHK1 levels in GBM and show that; (i) CHK1 and pSTAT3 positively regulate CIP2A gene expression; (ii) pSTAT3 and CIP2A form a recursively wired transcriptional circuit; and (iii) perturbing CIP2A expression induces GBM cell senescence and retards tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, we have identified an oncogenic transcriptional circuit in GBM that can be destabilized by targeting CIP2A. IMPLICATIONS: High expression of CIP2A in gliomas is maintained by a CHK1-dependent pSTAT3-CIP2A recursive loop; interrupting CIP2A induces cell senescence and slows GBM growth adding impetus to the development of CIP2A as an anticancer drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchit Khanna
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie A I Thoms
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett W Stringer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sylvia A Chung
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathleen S Ensbey
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Toni Rose Jue
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zeenat Jahan
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shruthi Subramanian
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Govardhan Anande
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Han Shen
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Ashwin Unnikrishnan
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerrie L McDonald
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bryan W Day
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John E Pimanda
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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42
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Abstract
MYC is a master transcriptional regulator that controls almost all cellular processes. Over the last several decades, researchers have strived to define the context-dependent transcriptional gene programs that are controlled by MYC, as well as the mechanisms that regulate MYC function, in an effort to better understand the contribution of this oncoprotein to cancer progression. There are a wealth of data indicating that deregulation of MYC activity occurs in a large number of cancers and significantly contributes to disease progression, metastatic potential, and therapeutic resistance. Although the therapeutic targeting of MYC in cancer is highly desirable, there remain substantial structural and functional challenges that have impeded direct MYC-targeted drug development and efficacy. While efforts to drug the ‘undruggable’ may seem futile given these challenges and considering the broad reach of MYC, significant strides have been made to identify points of regulation that can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. These include targeting the deregulation of MYC transcription in cancer through small-molecule inhibitors that induce epigenetic silencing or that regulate the G-quadruplex structures within the MYC promoter. Alternatively, compounds that disrupt the DNA-binding activities of MYC have been the long-standing focus of many research groups, since this method would prevent downstream MYC oncogenic activities regardless of upstream alterations. Finally, proteins involved in the post-translational regulation of MYC have been identified as important surrogate targets to reduce MYC activity downstream of aberrant cell stimulatory signals. Given the complex regulation of the MYC signaling pathway, a combination of these approaches may provide the most durable response, but this has yet to be shown. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the different therapeutic strategies being employed to target oncogenic MYC function, with a focus on post-translational mechanisms.
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Guo B, Wu S, Zhu X, Zhang L, Deng J, Li F, Wang Y, Zhang S, Wu R, Lu J, Zhou Y. Micropeptide CIP2A-BP encoded by LINC00665 inhibits triple-negative breast cancer progression. EMBO J 2020; 39:e102190. [PMID: 31755573 PMCID: PMC6939193 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signaling pathway plays a key role in breast cancer metastasis. Recent studies suggest that TGF-β regulates tumor progression and invasion not only via transcriptional regulation, but also via translational regulation. Using both bioinformatics and experimental tools, we identified a micropeptide CIP2A-BP encoded by LINC00665, whose translation was downregulated by TGF-β in breast cancer cell lines. Using TNBC cell lines, we showed that TGF-β-activated Smad signaling pathway induced the expression of translation inhibitory protein 4E-BP1, which inhibited eukaryote translation initiation factor elF4E, leading to reduced translation of CIP2A-BP from LINC00665. CIP2A-BP directly binds tumor oncogene CIP2A to replace PP2A's B56γ subunit, thus releasing PP2A activity, which inhibits PI3K/AKT/NFκB pathway, resulting in decreased expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and Snail. Downregulation of CIP2A-BP in TNBC patients was significantly associated with metastasis and poor overall survival. In the MMTV-PyMT model, either introducing CIP2A-BP gene or direct injection of CIP2A-BP micropeptide significantly reduced lung metastases and improved overall survival. In conclusion, we provide evidence that CIP2A-BP is both a prognostic marker and a novel therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Guo
- Department of GeneticsMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Siqi Wu
- Department of GeneticsMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy & OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jieqiong Deng
- Department of GeneticsMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Fang Li
- Department of GeneticsMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yirong Wang
- Department of GeneticsMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- Department of GeneticsMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of GeneticsMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jiachun Lu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory DiseaseThe First Affiliated HospitalThe School of Public HealthGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Department of GeneticsMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Mäkelä E, Löyttyniemi E, Salmenniemi U, Kauko O, Varila T, Kairisto V, Itälä-Remes M, Westermarck J. Arpp19 Promotes Myc and Cip2a Expression and Associates with Patient Relapse in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111774. [PMID: 31717978 PMCID: PMC6895887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease relapse from standard chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poorly understood. The importance of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as an AML tumor suppressor is emerging. Therefore, here, we examined the potential role of endogenous PP2A inhibitor proteins as biomarkers predicting AML relapse in a standard patient population by using three independent patient materials: cohort1 (n = 80), cohort2 (n = 48) and The Cancer Genome Atlas Acute Myeloid Leukemia (TCGA LAML) dataset (n = 160). Out of the examined PP2A inhibitors (CIP2A, SET, PME1, ARPP19 and TIPRL), expression of ARPP19 mRNA was found to be independent of the current AML risk classification. Functionally, ARPP19 promoted AML cell viability and expression of oncoproteins MYC, CDK1, and CIP2A. Clinically, ARPP19 mRNA expression was significantly lower at diagnosis (p = 0.035) in patients whose disease did not relapse after standard chemotherapy. ARPP19 was an independent predictor for relapse both in univariable (p = 0.007) and in multivariable analyses (p = 0.0001) and gave additive information to EVI1 expression and risk group status (additive effect, p = 0.005). Low ARPP19 expression was also associated with better patient outcome in the TCGA LAML cohort (p = 0.019). In addition, in matched patient samples from diagnosis, remission and relapse phases, ARPP19 expression was associated with disease activity (p = 0.034), indicating its potential usefulness as a minimal residual disease (MRD) marker. Together, these data demonstrate the oncogenic function of ARPP19 in AML and its risk group independent role in predicting AML patient relapse tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Mäkelä
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Urpu Salmenniemi
- Department of Hematology, Turku University Hospital (TYKS), 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Otto Kauko
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Taru Varila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Veli Kairisto
- Central Laboratory, Turku University Hospital (TYKS), 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Itälä-Remes
- Department of Hematology, Turku University Hospital (TYKS), 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +358-29-450-2880
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45
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Nader CP, Cidem A, Verrills NM, Ammit AJ. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A): a key phosphatase in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to lung cancer. Respir Res 2019; 20:222. [PMID: 31623614 PMCID: PMC6798356 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) has the highest relative risk of development as a comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The molecular mechanisms that mediate chronic inflammation and lung function impairment in COPD have been identified in LC. This suggests the two diseases are more linked than once thought. Emerging data in relation to a key phosphatase, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and its regulatory role in inflammatory and tumour suppression in both disease settings suggests that it may be critical in the progression of COPD to LC. In this review, we uncover the importance of the functional and active PP2A holoenzyme in the context of both diseases. We describe PP2A inactivation via direct and indirect means and explore the actions of two key PP2A endogenous inhibitors, cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) and inhibitor 2 of PP2A (SET), and the role they play in COPD and LC. We explain how dysregulation of PP2A in COPD creates a favourable inflammatory micro-environment and promotes the initiation and progression of tumour pathogenesis. Finally, we highlight PP2A as a druggable target in the treatment of COPD and LC and demonstrate the potential of PP2A re-activation as a strategy to halt COPD disease progression to LC. Although further studies are required to elucidate if PP2A activity in COPD is a causal link for LC progression, studies focused on the potential of PP2A reactivating agents to reduce the risk of LC formation in COPD patients will be pivotal in improving clinical outcomes for both COPD and LC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra P Nader
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aylin Cidem
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole M Verrills
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation & Translation, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Alaina J Ammit
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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46
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Yin J, Chen D, Luo K, Lu M, Gu Y, Zeng S, Chen X, Song Y, Zhang Z, Zheng G, He Z, Liu H. Cip2a/miR-301a feedback loop promotes cell proliferation and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:5964-5974. [PMID: 31762806 PMCID: PMC6856592 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype and lacks effective targeted therapies. Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (Cip2a) is an oncogene that is known to inhibit PP2A tumor suppressor activity in human malignancies. We previously demonstrated that Cip2a is a novel target for the treatment of TNBC. However, the functional roles of Cip2a in TNBC progression are still not fully characterized. In this study, we identified that miR-301a is a novel target of Cip2a in TNBC cell lines by miRNA microarray analysis. We found that Cip2a increases E2F1 expression, which in turn transcriptional activates miR-301a by occupying the miR-301a host gene SKA2 promoter. Moreover, we found that miR-301a level is significantly increased in TNBC tissues, and up-regulation of miR-301a is responsible for Cip2a-induced cell proliferation and invasion of TNBC cells. Furthermore, miR-301a feedback promotes the expression of Cip2a via activation of ERK/CREB signaling. Together, our study suggests an auto-regulatory feedback loop between Cip2a and miR-301a and this auto-regulatory loop might play an important role in TNBC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Kai Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Minying Lu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Yixue Gu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Shanshan Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Xiangzhou Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Ying Song
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Guopei Zheng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Zhimin He
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
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Shentu YP, Hu WT, Liang JW, Liuyang ZY, Wei H, Qun W, Wang XC, Wang JZ, Westermarck J, Liu R. Genistein Decreases APP/tau Phosphorylation and Ameliorates Aβ Overproduction Through Inhibiting CIP2A. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:732-740. [DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190830113420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Upregulation of Cancerous Inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) plays an important role
in disease-related phosphorylation of tau/APP and tau pathology/Aβ overproduction through inhibiting
PP2A in AD brain. Genistein has been shown to potently reduce CIP2A in experimental cancer treatment
research. Whether Genistein can ameliorate AD pathology through targeting CIP2A needs further investigation.
Methods:
The inhibitory effects of Genistein on tau/APP phosphorylation and Aβ overproduction in AD
cell models have been explored. HEK293-T cells were co-transfected with CIP2A and APP plasmids, or
CIP2A and tau plasmids, with Genistein incubation at 0, 30, 60 or 120 µM for 48 h, cell viability and
PP2A activities were measured. HEK293-T cells with CIP2A/APP overexpression treated with Genistein
at 30 µM for 48 h were collected and lyzed for Western blotting detection of CIP2A, PP2Ac, APP-T668,
total APP, PS1, BACE1, sAPPα and sAPPβ. Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels in cell supernatant, soluble fraction
(RIPA) and insoluble fraction (formic acid soluble) of cell lysates were measured by ELISA. HEK293-T
cells with CIP2A/tau overexpression treated with Genistein at 30 µM for 48 h were collected for Western
blotting detection of CIP2A, PP2Ac, tau-S396, tau-S404 and total tau.
Conclusion:
CIP2A is a target of Genistein in AD therapy. Genistein reduces APP/tau hyperphosphorylation
and Aβ production through inhibiting the effect of CIP2A on PP2A.
Results:
Genistein effectively reduced CIP2A expression, and restored PP2A activities both in
CIP2A/APP, CIP2A/tau co-expressed cells. Genistein reduced APP phosphorylation at T668 site and
inhibited Aβ production. Meantime, Genistein ameliorated tau hyperphosphorylation through repressing
the inhibitory effect of CIP2A on PP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ping Shentu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Ting Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Wei Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Liuyang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wang Qun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kim SH, Lee WH, Seong D, An JH, Je HU, Nam HY, Kim SY, Kim SW, Han MW. The role of CIP2A as a therapeutic target of rapamycin in radioresistant head and neck cancer with TP53 mutation. Head Neck 2019; 41:3362-3371. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Song Hee Kim
- Department of OtolaryngologyUlsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyeok Lee
- Department of OtolaryngologyUlsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Seong
- Department of OtolaryngologyUlsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee An
- Department of OtolaryngologyUlsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Uk Je
- Department of Radiation OncologyUlsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Yun Nam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of OtolaryngologyAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Woul Han
- Department of OtolaryngologyUlsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryLondon Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University London Ontario Canada
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Namgoong S, Kim NH. Meiotic spindle formation in mammalian oocytes: implications for human infertility. Biol Reprod 2019; 98:153-161. [PMID: 29342242 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the final stage of oogenesis, mammalian oocytes generate a meiotic spindle and undergo chromosome segregation to yield an egg that is ready for fertilization. Herein, we describe the recent advances in understanding the mechanisms controlling formation of the meiotic spindle in metaphase I (MI) and metaphase II (MII) in mammalian oocytes, and focus on the differences between mouse and human oocytes. Unlike mitotic cells, mammalian oocytes lack typical centrosomes that consist of two centrioles and the surrounding pericentriolar matrix proteins, which serve as microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) in most somatic cells. Instead, oocytes rely on different mechanisms for the formation of microtubules in MI spindles. Two different mechanisms have been described for MI spindle formation in mammalian oocytes. Chromosome-mediated microtubule formation, including RAN-mediated spindle formation and chromosomal passenger complex-mediated spindle elongation, controls the growth of microtubules from chromatin, while acentriolar MTOC-mediated microtubule formation contributes to spindle formation. Mouse oocytes utilize both chromatin- and MTOC-mediated pathways for microtubule formation. The existence of both pathways may provide a fail-safe mechanism to ensure high fidelity of chromosome segregation during meiosis. Unlike mouse oocytes, human oocytes considered unsuitable for clinical in vitro fertilization procedures, lack MTOCs; this may explain why meiosis in human oocytes is often error-prone. Understanding the mechanisms of MI/MII spindle formation, spindle assembly checkpoint, and chromosome segregation, in mammalian oocytes, will provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of human infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-Ju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Elgenaidi IS, Spiers JP. Regulation of the phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A system and its modulation during oxidative stress: A potential therapeutic target? Pharmacol Ther 2019; 198:68-89. [PMID: 30797822 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoprotein phosphatases are of growing interest in the pathophysiology of many diseases and are often the neglected partner of protein kinases. One family member, PP2A, accounts for dephosphorylation of ~55-70% of all serine/threonine phosphosites. Interestingly, dysregulation of kinase signalling is a hallmark of many diseases in which an increase in oxidative stress is also noted. With this in mind, we assess the evidence to support oxidative stress-mediated regulation of the PP2A system In this article, we first present an overview of the PP2A system before providing an analysis of the regulation of PP2A by endogenous inhibitors, post translational modification, and miRNA. Next, a detailed critique of data implicating reactive oxygen species, ischaemia, ischaemia-reperfusion, and hypoxia in regulating the PP2A holoenzyme and associated regulators is presented. Finally, the pharmacological targeting of PP2A, its endogenous inhibitors, and enzymes responsible for its post-translational modification are covered. There is extensive evidence that oxidative stress modulates multiple components of the PP2A system, however, most of the data pertains to the catalytic subunit of PP2A. Irrespective of the underlying aetiology, free radical-mediated attenuation of PP2A activity is an emerging theme. However, in many instances, a dichotomy exists, which requires clarification and mechanistic insight. Nevertheless, this raises the possibility that pharmacological activation of PP2A, either through small molecule activators of PP2A or CIP2A/SET antagonists may be beneficial in modulating the cellular response to oxidative stress. A better understanding of which, will have wide ranging implications for cancer, heart disease and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Elgenaidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - J P Spiers
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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