1
|
Julson JR, Quinn CH, Nazam N, Bownes LV, Stewart JE, Beierle EA. PIM Kinase Inhibition Sensitizes Neuroblastoma to Doxorubicin. J Pediatr Surg 2024:S0022-3468(24)00165-9. [PMID: 38570263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoresistance contributes to relapse in high-risk neuroblastoma. Cancer cells acquire resistance through multiple mechanisms, including drug efflux pumps. In neuroblastoma, multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP1/ABCC1) efflux pump expression correlates with worse outcomes. These pumps are regulated by PIM kinases, a family of serine-threonine kinases, overexpressed in neuroblastoma. We hypothesized PIM kinase inhibition would sensitize neuroblastoma cells by modulating MRP1. METHODS Kocak database query evaluated ABCC1, PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3 expression in neuroblastoma patients. SK-N-AS and SK-N-BE(2) cells were treated with doxorubicin or the pan-PIM kinase inhibitor, AZD1208. Flow cytometry assessed intracellular doxorubicin accumulation. AlamarBlue assay measured viability. The lethal dose 50% (LD50) of each drug and combination indices (CI) were calculated and isobolograms constructed to determine synergy. RESULTS Kocak database query demonstrated positive correlation between PIM genes and ABCC1. PIM kinase inhibition increased intracellular doxorubicin accumulation in both cell lines, suggesting PIM kinase regulation of MRP1. Isobolograms showed synergy between AZD1208 and doxorubicin. CONCLUSIONS The correlation between PIM and ABCC1 gene expression suggests PIM kinases may contribute to neuroblastoma chemotherapeutic resistance. PIM kinase inhibition increased intracellular doxorubicin accumulation. Combination treatment with AZD1208 and doxorubicin decreased neuroblastoma cell viability in a synergistic fashion. These findings support further investigations of PIM kinase inhibition in neuroblastoma. TYPE OF STUDY Basic Science Research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Julson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Colin H Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Nazia Nazam
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Laura V Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Julson JR, Horton SC, Quinn CH, Beierle AM, Bownes LV, Stewart JE, Aye J, Yoon KJ, Beierle EA. CDK4/6 Inhibition With Lerociclib is a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for the Treatment of Pediatric Sarcomas. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:473-482. [PMID: 37919169 PMCID: PMC10922146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcomas are a heterogenous collection of bone and soft tissue tumors. The heterogeneity of these tumors makes it difficult to standardize treatment. CDK 4/6 inhibitors are a family of targeted agents which limit cell cycle progression and have been shown to be upregulated in sarcomas. In the current preclinical study, we evaluated the effects of lerociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, on pediatric sarcomas in vitro and in 3D bioprinted tumors. METHODS The effects of lerociclib on viability, proliferation, cell cycle, motility, and stemness were assessed in established sarcoma cell lines, U-2 OS and MG-63, as well as sarcoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). 3D printed biotumors of each of the U-2 OS, MG-63, and COA79 cells were utilized to study the effects of lerociclib on tumor growth ex vivo. RESULTS CDK 4/6, as well as the intermediaries retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and phosphorylated Rb were identified as targets in the four sarcoma cell lines. Lerociclib treatment induced cell cycle arrest, decreased proliferation, motility, and stemness of sarcoma cells. Treatment with lerociclib decreased sarcoma cell viability in both traditional 2D culture as well as 3D bioprinted microtumors. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of CDK 4/6 activity with lerociclib was efficacious in traditional 2D sarcoma cell culture as well as in 3D bioprints. Lerociclib holds promise and warrants further investigation as a novel therapeutic strategy for management of these heterogenous groups of tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Julson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Sara C Horton
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Colin H Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Andee M Beierle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Laura V Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jamie Aye
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Julson JR, Quinn CH, Butey S, Erwin MH, Marayati R, Nazam N, Stewart JE, Beierle EA. PIM Kinase Inhibition Attenuates the Malignant Progression of Metastatic Hepatoblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:427. [PMID: 38203596 PMCID: PMC10778668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary pediatric liver tumor. Children with pulmonary metastases at diagnosis experience survival rates as low as 25%. We have shown PIM kinases play a role in hepatoblastoma tumorigenesis. In this study, we assessed the role of PIM kinases in metastatic hepatoblastoma. We employed the metastatic hepatoblastoma cell line, HLM_2. PIM kinase inhibition was attained using PIM3 siRNA and the pan-PIM inhibitor, AZD1208. Effects of PIM inhibition on proliferation were evaluated via growth curve. Flow cytometry determined changes in cell cycle. AlamarBlue assay assessed effects of PIM kinase inhibition and cisplatin treatment on viability. The lethal dose 50% (LD50) of each drug and combination indices (CI) were calculated and isobolograms constructed to determine synergy. PIM kinase inhibition resulted in decreased HLM_2 proliferation, likely through cell cycle arrest mediated by p21. Combination therapy with AZD1208 and cisplatin resulted in synergy, potentially through downregulation of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase DNA damage response pathway. When assessing the combined effects of pharmacologic PIM kinase inhibition with cisplatin on HLM_2 cells, we found the agents to be synergistic, potentially through inhibition of the ATM pathway. These findings support further exploration of PIM kinase inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for metastatic hepatoblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave. South, Lowder Building, Suite 300, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (J.R.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Quinn CH, Beierle AM, Julson JR, Erwin ME, Alrefai H, Markert HR, Stewart JE, Hutchins SC, Bownes LV, Aye JM, Mroczek-Musulman E, Hicks PH, Yoon KJ, Willey CD, Beierle1 EA. Using 3D-bioprinted models to study pediatric neural crest-derived tumors. Int J Bioprint 2023; 9:723. [PMID: 37323483 PMCID: PMC10261178 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has remained at the forefront of tissue engineering and has recently been employed for generating bioprinted solid tumors to be used as cancer models to test therapeutics. In pediatrics, neural crest-derived tumors are the most common type of extracranial solid tumors. There are only a few tumor-specific therapies that directly target these tumors, and the lack of new therapies remains detrimental to improving the outcomes for these patients. The absence of more efficacious therapies for pediatric solid tumors, in general, may be due to the inability of the currently employed preclinical models to recapitulate the solid tumor phenotype. In this study, we utilized 3D bioprinting to generate neural crest-derived solid tumors. The bioprinted tumors consisted of cells from established cell lines and patient-derived xenograft tumors mixed with a 6% gelatin/1% sodium alginate bioink. The viability and morphology of the bioprints were analyzed via bioluminescence and immunohisto chemistry, respectively. We compared the bioprints to traditional twodimensional (2D) cell culture under conditions such as hypoxia and therapeutics. We successfully produced viable neural crest-derived tumors that retained the histology and immunostaining characteristics of the original parent tumors. The bioprinted tumors propagated in culture and grew in orthotopic murine models. Furthermore, compared to cells grown in traditional 2D culture, the bioprinted tumors were resistant to hypoxia and chemotherapeutics, suggesting that the bioprints exhibited a phenotype that is consistent with that seen clinically in solid tumors, thus potentially making this model superior to traditional 2D culture for preclinical investigations. Future applications of this technology entail the potential to rapidly print pediatric solid tumors for use in high-throughput drug studies, expediting the identification of novel, individualized therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin H Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Andee M Beierle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Janet R Julson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Michael E Erwin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Hasan Alrefai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Hooper R Markert
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Sara Claire Hutchins
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Laura V Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Jamie M Aye
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | | | - Patricia H Hicks
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Christopher D Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Julson JR, Quinn CH, Bownes LV, Hutchins SC, Stewart JE, Aye J, Yoon KJ, Beierle EA. Inhibition of PIM Kinases Promotes Neuroblastoma Cell Differentiation to a Neuronal Phenotype. J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:1155-1163. [PMID: 36907773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma arises from aberrancies in neural stem cell differentiation. PIM kinases contribute to cancer formation, but their precise role in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis is poorly understood. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of PIM kinase inhibition on neuroblastoma differentiation. METHODS Versteeg database query assessed the correlation between PIM gene expression and the expression of neuronal stemness markers and relapse free survival. PIM kinases were inhibited with AZD1208. Viability, proliferation, motility were measured in established neuroblastoma cells lines and high-risk neuroblastoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). qPCR and flow cytometry detected changes in neuronal stemness marker expression after AZD1208 treatment. RESULTS Database query showed increased levels of PIM1, PIM2, or PIM3 gene expression were associated with higher risk of recurrent or progressive neuroblastoma. Increased levels of PIM1 were associated with lower relapse free survival rates. Higher levels of PIM1 correlated with lower levels of neuronal stemness markers OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2. Treatment with AZD1208 resulted in increased expression of neuronal stemness markers. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of PIM kinases differentiated neuroblastoma cancer cells toward a neuronal phenotype. Differentiation is a key component of preventing neuroblastoma relapse or recurrence and PIM kinase inhibition provides a potential new therapeutic strategy for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Julson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Colin H Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Laura V Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Sara C Hutchins
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Jamie Aye
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marayati R, Julson J, Bownes LV, Quinn CH, Stafman LL, Beierle AM, Markert HR, Hutchins SC, Stewart JE, Crossman DK, Hjelmeland AB, Mroczek-Musulman E, Beierle EA. PIM3 kinase promotes tumor metastasis in hepatoblastoma by upregulating cell surface expression of chemokine receptor cxcr4. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:899-912. [PMID: 36315303 PMCID: PMC9753553 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients presenting with metastatic hepatoblastoma have limited treatment options and survival rates as low as 25%. We previously demonstrated that Proviral Integration site in Maloney murine leukemia virus 3 (PIM3) kinase promotes tumorigenesis and cancer cell stemness in hepatoblastoma. In this study, we assessed the role of PIM3 kinase in promoting hepatoblastoma metastasis. We utilized a tail vein injection model of metastasis to evaluate the effect of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PIM3 knockout, stable overexpression of PIM3, and pharmacologic PIM inhibition on the formation of lung metastasis. In vivo studies revealed PIM3 knockout impaired the formation of lung metastasis: 5 out of 6 mice injected with wild type hepatoblastoma cells developed lung metastasis while none of the 7 mice injected with PIM3 knockout hepatoblastoma cells developed lung metastasis. PIM3 overexpression in hepatoblastoma increased the pulmonary metastatic burden in mice and mechanistically, upregulated the phosphorylation and cell surface expression of CXCR4, a key receptor in the progression of cancer cell metastasis. CXCR4 blockade with AMD3100 decreased the metastatic phenotype of PIM3 overexpressing cells, indicating that CXCR4 contributed to PIM3's promotion of hepatoblastoma metastasis. Clinically, PIM3 expression correlated positively with CXCR4 expression in primary hepatoblastoma tissues. In conclusion, we have shown PIM3 kinase promotes the metastatic phenotype of hepatoblastoma cells through upregulation of CXCR4 cell surface expression and these findings suggest that targeting PIM3 kinase may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for metastatic hepatoblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Janet Julson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Laura V Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Colin H Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Laura L Stafman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andee M Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hooper R Markert
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sara C Hutchins
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- , 1600 7th Ave South Lowder Room 300, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Beierle A, Quinn CH, Markert HR, Carr A, Marayati R, Bownes LV, Hutchins SC, Stewart JE, Hill B, Ohlmeyer M, Reuel NF, Beierle EA. Rapid Characterization of Solid Tumors Using Resonant Sensors. ACS Omega 2022; 7:32690-32700. [PMID: 36119978 PMCID: PMC9476530 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer continues to be a significant cause of non-traumatic pediatric mortality. Diagnosis of pediatric solid tumors is paramount to prescribing the correct treatment regimen. Recent efforts have focused on non-invasive methods to obtain tumor tissues, but one of the challenges encountered is the ability to obtain an adequate amount of viable tissue. In this study, a wireless, inductor-capacitor (LC) sensor was employed to detect relative permittivity of pediatric tumor tissues. There is a comparison of resonant frequencies of tumor tissues between live versus dead tissues, the primary tumor tissue versus tissue from the organs of origin or metastasis, and treated versus untreated tumors. The results show significant shifts in resonant frequencies between the comparison groups. Dead tissues demonstrated a significant shift in resonant frequencies compared to alive tissues. There were significant differences between the resonant frequencies of normal tissues versus tumor tissues. Resonant frequencies were also significantly different between primary tumors compared to their respective metastases. These data indicate that there are potential clinical applications of LC technology in the detection and diagnosis of pediatric solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andee
M. Beierle
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama
at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Colin H. Quinn
- Division
of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Hooper R. Markert
- Division
of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Adam Carr
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50111, United States
| | - Raoud Marayati
- Division
of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Laura V. Bownes
- Division
of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Sara Claire Hutchins
- Division
of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- Division
of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Benjamin Hill
- Division
of Pathology, Children’s Hospital
of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United
States
| | | | - Nigel F. Reuel
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50111, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Division
of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marayati R, Julson JR, Bownes LV, Quinn CH, Hutchins SC, Williams AP, Markert HR, Beierle AM, Stewart JE, Hjelmeland AB, Mroczek-Musulman E, Beierle EA. Metastatic human hepatoblastoma cells exhibit enhanced tumorigenicity, invasiveness and a stem cell-like phenotype. J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57:1018-1025. [PMID: 35300860 PMCID: PMC9119922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Metastatic hepatoblastoma continues to pose a significant treatment challenge, primarily because the precise mechanisms involved in metastasis are not fully understood, making cell lines and preclinical models that depict the progression of disease and metastasis-related biology paramount. We aimed to generate and characterize a metastatic hepatoblastoma cell line to create a model for investigation of the molecular mechanisms associated with metastasis. MATERIALS/METHODS Using a murine model of serial tail vein injections of the human hepatoblastoma HuH6 cell line, non-invasive bioluminescence imaging, and dissociation of metastatic pulmonary lesions, we successfully established and characterized the metastatic human hepatoblastoma cell line, HLM_3. RESULTS The HLM_3 cells exhibited enhanced tumorigenicity and invasiveness, both in vitro and in vivo compared to the parent HuH6 cell line. Moreover, HLM_3 metastatic hepatoblastoma cells exhibited a stem cell-like phenotype and were more resistant to the standard chemotherapeutic cisplatin. CONCLUSION This newly described metastatic hepatoblastoma cell line offers a novel tool to study mechanisms of tumor metastasis and evaluate new therapeutic strategies for metastatic hepatoblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Janet R. Julson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Laura V. Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Colin H. Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Sara C. Hutchins
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Adele P. Williams
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Hooper R. Markert
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Andee M. Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Anita B. Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA,Corresponding Author: Elizabeth A. Beierle, MD, 1600 7th Ave. South, Lowder Building, Suite 300, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA, Phone: (205) 638-9688, Fax: (205) 975-4972,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hutchins S, Bownes LV, Quinn CH, Julson JR, Stewart JE, Aye J, Yoon KJ, Beierle EA. Lerociclib diminishes stemness in pediatric sarcoma cell lines. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e22010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e22010 Background: The outcomes for children with osteosarcoma and synovial sarcoma remain poor and are even worse for metastatic or relapsed disease. Those who do survive frequently suffer from long-term toxicities from current standard-of-care therapies. It is evident novel therapeutics are warranted to improve the outcomes for patients with these difficult tumors. Stem cell-like cancer cells (SCLCCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells thought to be responsible for treatment resistance, development of metastases and tumor recurrence, making the targeting of this cell population critical. We sought to evaluate the effect of lerociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, on pediatric sarcoma cell stemness. Methods: We investigated two established human osteosarcoma cells lines (U2-OS and MG-63), two metastatic synovial sarcoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) (COA-30 and COA-79) and a metastatic epithelioid sarcoma PDX (COA-171). Cells were treated with the CDK4/6 inhibitor, lerociclib, at concentrations below the known LD50. Synovial sarcoma stemness markers Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), homeobox protein Nanog, SOX 2 and nestin were evaluated by qPCR. CD117, a marker of stemness in osteosarcoma cells, was examined by flow cytometry. Finally, long-term passaged U2-OS and MG-63 cells were placed in low attachment serum-free conditions, and tumorsphere formation was evaluated using extreme limiting dilution assay (ELDA) in all cell lines. Results: Lerociclib treatment significantly decreased abundance of Oct4 (by 54%), Nanog (by 29%), SOX 2 (by 60%) and nestin (by 63%) mRNA in COA-30 synovial sarcoma cells. Cell surface expression of CD117 decreased from 17% to 11% in MG-63 cells when treated with lerociclib 2μM. Treatment of all cell types with lerociclib led to significantly decreased tumorsphere formation (Table). Conclusions: Treatment with lerociclib led to a decrease in mRNA abundance in known synovial sarcoma stem cell markers, a decrease in CD117 cell surface expression in osteosarcoma cells and decreased the ability of cells to form tumorspheres. These findings indicate lerociclib leads to decreased sarcoma cell stemness, which plays a key role in tumor progression and recurrence and should be further investigated for potential translation to the clinical setting.[Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jamie Aye
- University of Alabama/Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bownes LV, Marayati R, Quinn CH, Hutchins SC, Stewart JE, Anderson JC, Willey CD, Datta PK, Beierle EA. Serine-Threonine Kinase Receptor Associate Protein (STRAP) confers an aggressive phenotype in neuroblastoma via regulation of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK). J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57:1026-1032. [PMID: 35272839 PMCID: PMC9119921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine-threonine kinase receptor associated protein (STRAP), a scaffolding protein, is upregulated in many solid tumors. As such, we hypothesized that STRAP may be overexpressed in neuroblastoma tumors and may play a role in neuroblastoma tumor progression. METHODS We examined two publicly available neuroblastoma patient databases, GSE49710 (n = 498) and GSE49711 (n = 498), to investigate STRAP expression in human specimens. SK-N-AS and SK-N-BE(2) human neuroblastoma cell lines were stably transfected with STRAP overexpression (OE) plasmid, and their resulting phenotype studied. PamChip® kinomic peptide microarray evaluated the effects of STRAP overexpression on kinase activation. RESULTS In human specimens, higher STRAP expression correlated with high-risk disease, unfavorable histology, and decreased overall neuroblastoma patient survival. STRAP OE in neuroblastoma cell lines led to increased proliferation, growth, supported a stem-like phenotype and activated downstream FAK targets. When FAK was targeted with the small molecule FAK inhibitor, PF-573,228, STRAP OE neuroblastoma cells had significantly decreased growth compared to control empty vector cells. CONCLUSION Increased STRAP expression in neuroblastoma was associated with unfavorable tumor characteristics. STRAP OE resulted in increased kinomic activity of FAK. These findings suggest that the poorer outcomes in neuroblastoma tumors associated with STRAP overexpression may be secondary to FAK activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Colin H Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Sara C Hutchins
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Joshua C Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Christopher D Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Pran K Datta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marayati R, Stafman LL, Williams AP, Bownes LV, Quinn CH, Markert HR, Easlick JL, Stewart JE, Crossman DK, Mroczek-Musulman E, Beierle EA. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of PIM3 suppresses tumorigenesis and cancer cell stemness in human hepatoblastoma cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:558-572. [PMID: 33864024 PMCID: PMC8521561 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma remains one of the most difficult childhood tumors to treat and is alarmingly understudied. We previously demonstrated that Proviral Insertion site in Maloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases, specifically PIM3, are overexpressed in human hepatoblastoma cells and function to promote tumorigenesis. We aimed to use CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing with dual gRNAs to introduce large inactivating deletions in the PIM3 gene and achieve stable PIM3 knockout in the human hepatoblastoma cell line, HuH6. PIM3 knockout of hepatoblastoma cells led to significantly decreased proliferation, viability, and motility, inhibited cell-cycle progression, decreased tumor growth in a xenograft murine model, and increased animal survival. Analysis of RNA sequencing data revealed that PIM3 knockout downregulated expression of pro-migratory and pro-invasive genes and upregulated expression of genes involved in apoptosis and differentiation. Furthermore, PIM3 knockout decreased hepatoblastoma cancer cell stemness as evidenced by decreased tumorsphere formation, decreased mRNA abundance of stemness markers, and decreased cell surface expression of CD133, a marker of hepatoblastoma stem cell-like cancer cells. Reintroduction of PIM3 into PIM3 knockout cells rescued the malignant phenotype. Successful CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of PIM3 kinase in human hepatoblastoma cells confirmed the role of PIM3 in promoting hepatoblastoma tumorigenesis and cancer cell stemness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Laura L. Stafman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Adele P. Williams
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Laura V. Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Colin H. Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Hooper R. Markert
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Juliet L. Easlick
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bownes LV, Marayati R, Quinn CH, Beierle AM, Hutchins SC, Julson JR, Erwin MH, Stewart JE, Mroczek-Musulman E, Ohlmeyer M, Aye JM, Yoon KJ, Beierle EA. Pre-Clinical Study Evaluating Novel Protein Phosphatase 2A Activators as Therapeutics for Neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1952. [PMID: 35454859 PMCID: PMC9026148 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) functions as an inhibitor of cancer cell proliferation, and its tumor suppressor function is attenuated in many cancers. Previous studies utilized FTY720, an immunomodulating compound known to activate PP2A, and demonstrated a decrease in the malignant phenotype in neuroblastoma. We wished to investigate the effects of two novel PP2A activators, ATUX-792 (792) and DBK-1154 (1154). METHODS Long-term passage neuroblastoma cell lines and human neuroblastoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells were used. Cells were treated with 792 or 1154, and viability, proliferation, and motility were examined. The effect on tumor growth was investigated using a murine flank tumor model. RESULTS Treatment with 792 or 1154 resulted in PP2A activation, decreased cell survival, proliferation, and motility in neuroblastoma cells. Immunoblotting revealed a decrease in MYCN protein expression with increasing concentrations of 792 and 1154. Treatment with 792 led to tumor necrosis and decreased tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS PP2A activation with 792 or 1154 decreased survival, proliferation, and motility of neuroblastoma in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Both compounds resulted in decreased expression of the oncogenic protein MYCN. These findings indicate a potential therapeutic role for these novel PP2A activators in neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura V. Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (L.V.B.); (R.M.); (C.H.Q.); (A.M.B.); (J.R.J.); (M.H.E.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (L.V.B.); (R.M.); (C.H.Q.); (A.M.B.); (J.R.J.); (M.H.E.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Colin H. Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (L.V.B.); (R.M.); (C.H.Q.); (A.M.B.); (J.R.J.); (M.H.E.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Andee M. Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (L.V.B.); (R.M.); (C.H.Q.); (A.M.B.); (J.R.J.); (M.H.E.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Sara C. Hutchins
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.C.H.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Janet R. Julson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (L.V.B.); (R.M.); (C.H.Q.); (A.M.B.); (J.R.J.); (M.H.E.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Michael H. Erwin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (L.V.B.); (R.M.); (C.H.Q.); (A.M.B.); (J.R.J.); (M.H.E.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (L.V.B.); (R.M.); (C.H.Q.); (A.M.B.); (J.R.J.); (M.H.E.); (J.E.S.)
| | | | | | - Jamie M. Aye
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.C.H.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Karina J. Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (L.V.B.); (R.M.); (C.H.Q.); (A.M.B.); (J.R.J.); (M.H.E.); (J.E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wright SA, Lalande BM, Wilhelmi N, Stewart JE. First Report of Biscogniauxia mediterranea on Quercus emoryi in Southern Arizona. Plant Dis 2022; 106:1305. [PMID: 34645298 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-21-1933-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S A Wright
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - B M Lalande
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- United States Forest Service, Forest Health Protection Region 2, Gunnison, CO
| | - N Wilhelmi
- United States Forest Service, Forest Health Protection Region 3, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - J E Stewart
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Quinn CH, Beierle AM, Hutchins SC, Marayati R, Bownes LV, Stewart JE, Markert HR, Erwin MH, Aye JM, Yoon KJ, Friedman GK, Willey CD, Markert JM, Beierle EA. Targeting High-Risk Neuroblastoma Patient-Derived Xenografts with Oncolytic Virotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030762. [PMID: 35159029 PMCID: PMC8834037 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death by disease in children, and over 15% of pediatric cancer-related mortalities are due to neuroblastoma. Current treatment options for neuroblastoma remain suboptimal as they often have significant toxicities, are associated with long-term side effects, and result in disease relapse in over half of children with high-risk disease. There is a dire need for new therapies, and oncolytic viruses may represent an effective solution. Oncolytic viruses attack tumor cells in two ways: direct infection of tumor cells leading to cytolysis, and production of a debris field that stimulates an anti-tumor immune response. Our group has previously shown that M002, an oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV), genetically engineered to express murine interleukin-12 (mIL-12), was effective at targeting and killing long term passage tumor cell lines. In the current study, we investigated M002 in three neuroblastoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). PDXs better recapitulate the human condition, and these studies were designed to gather robust data for translation to a clinical trial. We found that all three PDXs expressed viral entry receptors, and that the virus actively replicated in the cells. M002 caused significant tumor cell death in 2D culture and 3D bioprinted tumor models. Finally, the PDXs displayed variable susceptibility to M002, with a more profound effect on high-risk neuroblastoma PDXs compared to low-risk PDX. These findings validate the importance of incorporating PDXs for preclinical testing of oncolytic viral therapeutics and showcase a novel technique, 3D bioprinting, to test therapies in PDXs. Collectively, our data indicate that oHSVs effectively target high-risk neuroblastoma, and support the advancement of this therapy to the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin H. Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (C.H.Q.); (R.M.); (L.V.B.); (J.E.S.); (H.R.M.); (M.H.E.)
| | - Andee M. Beierle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.M.B.); (C.D.W.)
| | - Sara Claire Hutchins
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.C.H.); (J.M.A.); (G.K.F.)
| | - Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (C.H.Q.); (R.M.); (L.V.B.); (J.E.S.); (H.R.M.); (M.H.E.)
| | - Laura V. Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (C.H.Q.); (R.M.); (L.V.B.); (J.E.S.); (H.R.M.); (M.H.E.)
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (C.H.Q.); (R.M.); (L.V.B.); (J.E.S.); (H.R.M.); (M.H.E.)
| | - Hooper R. Markert
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (C.H.Q.); (R.M.); (L.V.B.); (J.E.S.); (H.R.M.); (M.H.E.)
| | - Michael H. Erwin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (C.H.Q.); (R.M.); (L.V.B.); (J.E.S.); (H.R.M.); (M.H.E.)
| | - Jamie M. Aye
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.C.H.); (J.M.A.); (G.K.F.)
| | - Karina J. Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.C.H.); (J.M.A.); (G.K.F.)
| | - Christopher D. Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.M.B.); (C.D.W.)
| | - James M. Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (C.H.Q.); (R.M.); (L.V.B.); (J.E.S.); (H.R.M.); (M.H.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-638-9688
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Quinn CH, Beierle AM, Marayati R, Bownes LV, Hutchins SC, Stewart JE, Mroczek-Musulman EC, Aye JM, Willey CD, Beierle EA. Establishing a Novel 3-Dimensional Printing Model to Study Pediatric Solid Tumors. J Am Coll Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2021.07.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
16
|
Marayati R, Bownes LV, Quinn CH, Hutchins SC, Markert HR, Beierle AM, Stewart JE, Hjelmeland AB, Mroczek-Musulman E, Beierle EA. Metastatic Hepatoblastoma Cells Exhibit a Distinct Cancer Stem Cell-Like Phenotype. J Am Coll Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2021.07.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
17
|
Quinn CH, Beierle AM, Williams AP, Marayati R, Bownes LV, Markert HR, Aye JM, Stewart JE, Mroczek-Musulman E, Crossman DK, Yoon KJ, Beierle EA. Downregulation of PDGFRß Signaling Overcomes Crizotinib Resistance in a TYRO3 and ALK Mutated Neuroendocrine-Like Tumor. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101099. [PMID: 33887553 PMCID: PMC8086143 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts provide significant advantages over long-term passage cell lines when investigating efficacy of treatments for solid tumors. Our laboratory encountered a high-grade, metastatic, neuroendocrine-like tumor from a pediatric patient that presented with a unique genetic profile. In particular, mutations in TYRO3 and ALK were identified. We established a human patient-derived xenoline (PDX) of this tumor for use in the current study. We investigated the effect of crizotinib, a chemotherapeutic known to effectively target both TYRO3 and ALK mutations. Crizotinib effectively decreased viability, proliferation, growth, and the metastatic properties of the PDX tumor through downregulation of STAT3 signaling, but expression of PDGFRß was increased. Sunitinib is a small molecule inhibitor of PDGFRß and was studied in this PDX independently and in combination with crizotinib. Sunitinib alone decreased viability, proliferation, and growth in vitro and decreased tumor growth in vivo. In combination, sunitinib was able to overcome potential crizotinib-induced resistance through downregulation of ERK 1/2 activity and PDGFRß receptor expression; consequently, tumor growth was significantly decreased both in vitro and in vivo. Through the use of the PDX, it was possible to identify crizotinib as a less effective therapeutic for this tumor and suggest that targeting PDGFRß would be more effective. These findings may translate to other solid tumors that present with the same genetic mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin H Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave. South, Lowder, Room 300, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States
| | - Andee M Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave. South, Lowder, Room 300, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States
| | - Adele P Williams
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave. South, Lowder, Room 300, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States
| | - Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave. South, Lowder, Room 300, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States
| | - Laura V Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave. South, Lowder, Room 300, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States
| | - Hooper R Markert
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave. South, Lowder, Room 300, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States
| | - Jamie M Aye
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave. South, Lowder, Room 300, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States
| | | | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave. South, Lowder, Room 300, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hutchins S, Marayati R, Bownes LV, Quinn CH, Stewart JE, Friedman GK, Coleman JM, Gillespie GY, Markert JM, Beierle EA. Preclinical evaluation of an engineered oncolytic herpes simplex virus for pediatric osteosarcoma. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.10040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
10040 Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in children. For those with relapsed or metastatic disease, the five-year survival rate is approximately 20%, and survivors often suffer from long-term disability from current therapies. The high morbidity and mortality for these patients highlight a great need for improved therapies. One such novel therapeutic approach is oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) immunovirotherapy. We previously demonstrated that M002, an engineered oHSV that contains deletions of the neurovirulence gene preventing infection of normal cells, effectively infects and kills neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Currently, similar oHSVs are being evaluated in early phase clinical trials for children and adults with relapsed or refractory brain tumors. To date, there has been limited investigation of oncolytic virotherapy in osteosarcoma. Thus, we sought to examine the ability of oHSV, M002, to infect and kill osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Methods: We evaluated two long-term passaged human osteosarcoma cell lines, U2-OS and MG-63. Flow cytometry was used to assess baseline expression of oHSV viral entry-mediated receptors (CD111, CD112, syndecan, HVEM). Single and multi-step viral recovery experiments measured virus infectivity and replication. Cells were infected with increasing multiplicity of infection (MOI) of M002, and cell viability was measured 72 hours post-infection via alamarBlue assay. Results: Both MG-63 and U2-OS cells expressed HSV entry molecules (Table) including high levels of the primary HSV entry molecule CD111. Single step virus recovery experiments in MG-63 cells infected at a MOI of 10 plaque-forming units (PFU)/cell demonstrated a 3 log-fold increase in virus titer from 12 to 24 hours post-infection. For multi-step experiments, MG-63 cells were infected with a MOI of 0.1 PFU/cell; viral replication significantly increased from 1.1x103 PFU at 6 hours post-infection to 3.8x1010 PFU at 72 hours post-infection. M002 successfully decreased osteosarcoma viability with a lethal dose in 50% of cells (LD50)of 2.82 and0.67 PFU/cell for MG-63 and U2-OS cells, respectively. Notably, at a virus MOI of 5 PFU/cell, viability was decreased by 64% ± 0.1% (p<0.001 vs control) in MG-63 cells and 96% ± 0.1% (p<0.001 vs control) in U2-OS cells. Conclusions: MG-63 and U2-OS osteosarcoma cells express high levels of HSV entry receptors. Virus recovery experiments demonstrated the ability of M002 to infect cells and replicate over time. The viability of osteosarcoma cells significantly decreased following infection with M002. These data suggest M002 may be a promising novel therapeutic option for patients with osteosarcoma and warrant further investigation for translation to the clinical setting.[Table: see text]
Collapse
|
19
|
Bownes LV, Williams AP, Marayati R, Stafman LL, Markert H, Quinn CH, Wadhwani N, Aye JM, Stewart JE, Yoon KJ, Mroczek-Musulman E, Beierle EA. EZH2 inhibition decreases neuroblastoma proliferation and in vivo tumor growth. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246244. [PMID: 33690617 PMCID: PMC7942994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigation of the mechanisms responsible for aggressive neuroblastoma and its poor prognosis is critical to identify novel therapeutic targets and improve survival. Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is known to play a key role in supporting the malignant phenotype in several cancer types and knockdown of EZH2 has been shown to decrease tumorigenesis in neuroblastoma cells. We hypothesized that the EZH2 inhibitor, GSK343, would affect cell proliferation and viability in human neuroblastoma. We utilized four long-term passage neuroblastoma cell lines and two patient-derived xenolines (PDX) to investigate the effects of the EZH2 inhibitor, GSK343, on viability, motility, stemness and in vivo tumor growth. Immunoblotting confirmed target knockdown. Treatment with GSK343 led to significantly decreased neuroblastoma cell viability, migration and invasion, and stemness. GSK343 treatment of mice bearing SK-N-BE(2) neuroblastoma tumors resulted in a significant decrease in tumor growth compared to vehicle-treated animals. GSK343 decreased viability, and motility in long-term passage neuroblastoma cell lines and decreased stemness in neuroblastoma PDX cells. These data demonstrate that further investigation into the mechanisms responsible for the anti-tumor effects seen with EZH2 inhibitors in neuroblastoma cells is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura V. Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Adele P. Williams
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Laura L. Stafman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Hooper Markert
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Colin H. Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Nikita Wadhwani
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jamie M. Aye
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Karina J. Yoon
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wadhwani N, Markert HR, Marayati R, Bownes LV, Quinn CH, Aye JM, Stewart JE, Yoon KJ, Beierle EA. PIM447 inhibits oncogenesis and potentiates cisplatin effects in hepatoblastoma. J Pediatr Surg 2021; 56:1157-1164. [PMID: 33762119 PMCID: PMC8131223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel therapies are needed for patients with hepatoblastoma because of an increasing incidence of disease and poor prognosis for advanced, refractory, and recurrent disease. PIM kinases promote tumorigenesis in hepatoblastoma. A novel PIM inhibitor, PIM447, has shown promise in inhibiting oncogenesis in hematologic and lymphoid malignancies. We hypothesized that PIM inhibition with PIM447 would result in decreased tumorigenesis in hepatoblastoma. METHODS The effects of PIM447 on hepatoblastoma viability, proliferation, motility, apoptosis, and tumor cell stemness were assessed in HuH6, a human hepatoblastoma cell line, and COA67, a human hepatoblastoma patient-derived xenograft. RESULTS PIM447 significantly decreased the viability, proliferation, and motility of HuH6 and COA67 cells. Apoptosis significantly increased following PIM447 treatment. PIM447 had a significant impact on tumor cell stemness as evidenced by decreased expression of CD133 and reduced ability of HuH6 and COA67 cells to form tumorspheres. Furthermore, combining PIM447 with cisplatin resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability compared to either treatment alone. CONCLUSION We showed that PIM447 inhibits oncogenesis and potentiates the effects of cisplatin in hepatoblastoma and, therefore, warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent for hepatoblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Wadhwani
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Hooper R. Markert
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Laura V Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Colin H. Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jamie M. Aye
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Karina J. Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.,Corresponding author: Elizabeth A. Beierle, MD, 1600 7th Ave. South, Lowder, Room 300, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA, Phone: (205) 638-9688, Fax: (205) 975-4972
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marayati R, Bownes LV, Quinn CH, Wadhwani N, Williams AP, Markert HR, Atigadda V, Aye JM, Stewart JE, Yoon KJ, Beierle EA. Novel second-generation rexinoid induces growth arrest and reduces cancer cell stemness in human neuroblastoma patient-derived xenografts. J Pediatr Surg 2021; 56:1165-1173. [PMID: 33762121 PMCID: PMC8131234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The poor therapeutic efficacy seen with current treatments for neuroblastoma may be attributed to stem cell-like cancer cells (SCLCCs), a subpopulation of cancer cells associated with poor prognosis and disease recurrence. Retinoic acid (RA) is a differentiating agent used as maintenance therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma but nearly half of children treated with RA relapse. We hypothesized that 6-Methyl-UAB30 (6-Me), a second-generation rexinoid recently developed with a favorable toxicity profile compared to RA, would reduce cancer cell stemness in human neuroblastoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). METHODS Cells from three neuroblastoma PDXs were treated with 6-Me and proliferation, viability, motility, and cell-cycle progression were assessed. CD133 expression, sphere formation, and mRNA abundance of stemness and differentiation markers were evaluated using flow cytometry, in vitro extreme limiting dilution analysis, and real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS Treatment with 6-Me decreased proliferation, viability, and motility, and induced cell-cycle arrest and differentiation in all three neuroblastoma PDXs. In addition, 6-Me treatment led to decreased CD133 expression, decreased sphere-forming ability, and decreased mRNA abundance of Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2, indicating decreased cancer cell stemness. CONCLUSIONS 6-Me decreased oncogenicity and reduced cancer cell stemness of neuroblastoma PDXs, warranting further exploration of 6-Me as potential novel therapy for neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Laura V. Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Colin H. Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Nikita Wadhwani
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Adele P. Williams
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Hooper R. Markert
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Venkatram Atigadda
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jamie M. Aye
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Karina J. Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Geldert C, Abdo Z, Stewart JE, H S A. Dietary supplementation with phytochemicals improves diversity and abundance of honey bee gut microbiota. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1705-1720. [PMID: 33058297 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Determine the impact of beneficial phytochemicals on diversity and abundance of the gut microbiome in the honey bee (Apis mellifera). METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-day-old honey bee workers were fed 25 ppm of phytochemical (caffeine, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid or kaempferol) in 20% sucrose. Guts of bees collected at 3 and 6 days were excised and subjected to next-generation sequencing for bacterial 16S and fungal ITS regions. Although phytochemical supplementation fostered gut microbial diversity and abundance, the patterns differed between phytochemicals and there was a temporal stabilization of the bacterial community. While bacterial and fungal communities responded differently, all phytochemical treatments displayed increased abundance of the most represented bacterial genera, Snodgrassella sp. and Lactobacillus sp. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemical supplementation improves gut microbial diversity and abundance, reiterating the need for diverse habitats that provide bees with access to pollen and nectar rich in these micronutrients. Diverse gut microbiota can provide a strong line of defense for bees against biotic stressors while improving worker bee lifespan. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report on the impact of phytochemical supplementation on gut microbiota in honey bees and these findings have implications for strategic hive management through standardization of effective phytochemical and probiotic feed supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Geldert
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Z Abdo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J E Stewart
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Arathi H S
- USDA/ARS, WRRC Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bownes LV, Williams AP, Marayati R, Quinn CH, Stewart JE, Easlick J, Whitaker JT, Datta PK, Beierle EA. Serine-Threonine Kinase Receptor Associate Protein Confers Stemness in Neuroblastoma. J Am Coll Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.07.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
24
|
Wadhwani N, Marayati R, Quinn CH, Bownes LV, Aye JM, Stewart JE, Whitaker JT, Yoon KJ, Beierle EA. PIM Kinase Inhibitor, PIM447, Decreases Oncogenicity and Cancer Cell Stemness in a Human Hepatoblastoma Patient-Derived Xenograft. J Am Coll Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.07.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
25
|
Marayati R, Bownes LV, Stafman LL, Williams AP, Quinn CH, Atigadda V, Aye JM, Stewart JE, Yoon KJ, Beierle EA. 9-cis-UAB30, a novel rexinoid agonist, decreases tumorigenicity and cancer cell stemness of human neuroblastoma patient-derived xenografts. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100893. [PMID: 33010553 PMCID: PMC7530346 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) therapy has been utilized as maintenance therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma, but over half of patients treated with RA relapse. Neuroblastoma stem cell-like cancer cells (SCLCCs) are a subpopulation of cells characterized by the expression of the cell surface marker CD133 and are hypothesized to contribute to drug resistance and disease relapse. A novel rexinoid compound, 9-cis-UAB30 (UAB30), was developed having the same anti-tumor effects as RA but a more favorable toxicity profile. In the current study, we investigated the efficacy of UAB30 in neuroblastoma patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Two PDXs, COA3 and COA6, were utilized and alterations in the malignant phenotype were assessed following treatment with RA or UAB30. UAB30 significantly decreased proliferation, viability, and motility of both PDXs. UAB30 induced cell-cycle arrest as demonstrated by the significant increase in percentage of cells in G1 (COA6: 33.7 ± 0.7 vs. 43.3 ± 0.7%, control vs. UAB30) and decrease in percentage of cells in S phase (COA6: 44.7 ± 1.2 vs. 38.6 ± 1%, control vs. UAB30). UAB30 led to differentiation of PDX cells, as evidenced by the increase in neurite outgrowth and mRNA abundance of differentiation markers. CD133 expression was decreased by 40% in COA6 cells after UAB30. The ability to form tumorspheres and mRNA abundance of known stemness markers were also significantly decreased following treatment with UAB30, further indicating decreased cancer cell stemness. These results provide evidence that UAB30 decreased tumorigenicity and cancer cell stemness in neuroblastoma PDXs, warranting further exploration as therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Laura V Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Laura L Stafman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Adele P Williams
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Colin H Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Venkatram Atigadda
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jamie M Aye
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Marayati R, Williams AP, Bownes LV, Quinn CH, Stewart JE, Mroczek-Musulman E, Atigadda VR, Beierle EA. Novel retinoic acid derivative induces differentiation and growth arrest in neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Surg 2020; 55:1072-1080. [PMID: 32164984 PMCID: PMC7299742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinoic acid (RA) is a differentiating agent utilized as maintenance therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma (NB), but associated toxicities limit its use. We have previously shown that a non-toxic, novel rexinoid, 9-cis-UAB30 (UAB30), decreased NB cell proliferation and in vivo tumor growth. A second generation, mono-methylated compound, 6-Methyl-UAB30 (6-Me), has been recently designed having greater potency compared with UAB30. In the current study, we hypothesized that 6-Me would inhibit NB cell proliferation and survival and induce differentiation and cell-cycle arrest. METHODS Proliferation and viability were measured in four human NB cell lines following treatment with UAB30 or 6-Me. Cell-cycle was analyzed and tumor cell stemness was evaluated with extreme limiting dilution assays and immunoblotting for expression of stem cell markers. A xenograft murine model was utilized to study the effects of 6-Me in vivo. RESULTS Treatment with 6-Me led to decreased proliferation and viability, induced cell cycle arrest, and increased neurite outgrowth, indicating differentiation of surviving cells. Furthermore, treatment with 6-Me decreased tumorsphere formation and expression of stem cell markers. Finally, inhibition of tumor growth and increased animal survival was observed in vivo following treatment with 6-Me. CONCLUSION These results indicate a potential therapeutic role for this novel rexinoid in neuroblastoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Adele P. Williams
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Laura V. Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Colin H. Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Venkatram R. Atigadda
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Marayati R, Williams AP, Quinn CH, Stewart JE, Atigadda VR, Beierle EA. Novel Retinoic Acid Derivative Induces Differentiation and Growth Arrest in Neuroblastoma. J Am Coll Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.08.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
28
|
Williams AP, Stewart JE, Stafman LL, Aye JM, Mroczek-Musulman E, Ren C, Yoon K, Whelan K, Beierle EA. Corruption of neuroblastoma patient derived xenografts with human T cell lymphoma. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:2117-2119. [PMID: 30391152 PMCID: PMC6476711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient derived xenografts (PDXs) provide a unique opportunity for investigators to study tumor cell activity, response to therapeutics, and resistance patterns without exposing the human patient to experimental compounds, and thereby play a crucial role in pre-clinical evaluation of new therapies. It has been reported that PDXs may undergo a transformation to lymphoma, most commonly associated with Epstein Barr virus (EBV). If the character of a xenograft becomes compromised and remains undetected, it could have a detrimental impact on the research community as a whole. Our lab has established a number of pediatric solid tumor PDXs which accurately recapitulate the human tumors following several passages. One particular neuroblastoma PDX was noted to grow quickly and with an unusual phenotype, leading us to hypothesize that this PDX had undergone a transformation. METHODS The PDX in question was investigated with histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), EBER in situ hybridization, and PCR to determine its identity. RESULTS Histology on the tumor revealed a small, round blue cell tumor similar to the original neuroblastoma from which it was derived. IHC staining showed that the tumor was composed of lymphocytes that were CD3 positive, <5% CD4 positive, and CD20 negative. The cells were Epstein Barr virus negative. PCR demonstrated that the tumor was human and not murine in origin. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that a human T Cell lymphoma developed in place of this neuroblastoma PDX. Changes in PDX identity such as this one will significantly impact studies utilizing pediatric PDXs and the mechanism by which this occurred warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adele P Williams
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Surgery, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Surgery, Birmingham, AL
| | - Laura L. Stafman
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Surgery, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jamie M Aye
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Hematology Oncology, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Changchun Ren
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Neonatology, Birmingham, AL
| | - Karina Yoon
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pharmacology, Birmingham, AL
| | - Kimberly Whelan
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Hematology Oncology, Birmingham, AL
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Aye JM, Stafman LL, Williams AP, Garner EF, Stewart JE, Anderson JC, Mruthyunjayappa S, Waldrop MG, Goolsby CD, Markert HR, Quinn C, Marayati R, Mroczek-Musulman E, Willey CD, Yoon KJ, Whelan KF, Beierle EA. The effects of focal adhesion kinase and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta inhibition in a patient-derived xenograft model of primary and metastatic Wilms tumor. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5534-5548. [PMID: 31565187 PMCID: PMC6756857 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive therapies for patients with metastatic Wilms tumor (WT) with subsequent severe late effects warrant the search for novel therapies. The role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase important in pediatric solid tumor development and progression, has not been examined in metastatic WT. Using a novel patient-derived xenograft (PDX) of a primary and matched, isogenic, metastatic WT, the hypothesis of the current study was that FAK would contribute to metastatic WT and small molecule inhibition would decrease tumor growth. Immunohistochemical staining, immunoblotting, cell viability and proliferation assays, cell cycle analysis, and cellular motility and attachment-independent growth assays were performed. FAK was present and phosphorylated in both WT PDXs and in the human samples from which they were derived. FAK inhibition decreased cellular survival, proliferation, and cell cycle progression in both PDXs but only significantly decreased migration, invasion, and attachment-independent growth in the primary WT PDX. Kinomic profiling revealed that platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) may be affected by FAK inhibition in WT. Pharmacologic inhibition of FAK and PDGFRβ was synergistic in primary WT PDX cells. These findings broaden the knowledge of metastatic WT and support further investigations on the potential use of FAK and PDGFRβ inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. Aye
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Laura L. Stafman
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Adele P. Williams
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Evan F. Garner
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joshua C. Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Mary G. Waldrop
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Caroline D. Goolsby
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hooper R. Markert
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Colin Quinn
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Raoud Marayati
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Christopher D. Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karina J. Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kimberly F. Whelan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Stafman LL, Williams AP, Marayati R, Aye JM, Markert HR, Garner EF, Quinn CH, Lallani SB, Stewart JE, Yoon KJ, Whelan K, Beierle EA. Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibition Contributes to Tumor Cell Survival and Motility in Neuroblastoma Patient-Derived Xenografts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13259. [PMID: 31519958 PMCID: PMC6744403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) provide an opportunity to evaluate the effects of therapies in an environment that more closely resembles the human condition than that seen with long-term passage cell lines. In the current studies, we investigated the effects of FAK inhibition on two neuroblastoma PDXs in vitro. Cells were treated with two small molecule inhibitors of FAK, PF-573,228 (PF) and 1,2,4,5-benzentetraamine tetrahydrochloride (Y15). Following FAK inhibition, cell survival and proliferation decreased significantly and cell cycle arrest was seen in both cell lines. Migration and invasion assays were used to determine the effect of FAK inhibition on cell motility, which decreased significantly in both cell lines in the presence of either inhibitor. Finally, tumor cell stemness following FAK inhibition was evaluated with extreme limiting dilution assays as well as with immunoblotting and quantitative real-time PCR for the expression of stem cell markers. FAK inhibition decreased formation of tumorspheres and resulted in a corresponding decrease in established stem cell markers. FAK inhibition decreased many characteristics of the malignant phenotype, including cancer stem cell like features in neuroblastoma PDXs, making FAK a candidate for further investigation as a potential target for neuroblastoma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Stafman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Adele P Williams
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Jamie M Aye
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Hooper R Markert
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Evan F Garner
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Colin H Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Shoeb B Lallani
- Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Kimberly Whelan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Williams AP, Garner EF, Stafman LL, Aye JM, Quinn CH, Marayati R, Stewart JE, Atigadda VR, Mroczek-Musulman E, Moore BP, Beierle EA, Friedman GK. UAB30, A Novel Rexinoid Agonist, Decreases Stemness In Group 3 Medulloblastoma Human Cell Line Xenografts. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1364-1374. [PMID: 31362265 PMCID: PMC6664160 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: In spite of advances in therapy for some subtypes, group 3 medulloblastoma continues to portend a poor prognosis. A subpopulation of medulloblastoma cells expressing the cell surface marker CD133 have been posited as possible stem cell like cancer cells (SCLCC), a potential source of drug resistance and relapse. Retinoids have been shown to affect SCLCC in other brain tumors. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that the CD133-enriched cell population group 3 medulloblastoma cells would be sensitive to the novel rexinoid, UAB30. METHODS: Human medulloblastoma cell lines were studied. Cell sorting based on CD133 expression was performed. Both in vitro and in vivo extreme limiting dilution assays were completed to establish CD133 as a SCLCC marker in these cell lines. Cells were treated with either retinoic acid (RA) or UAB30 and sphere forming capacity and CD133 expression were assessed. Immunoblotting was used to assess changes in stem cell markers. Finally, mice injected with CD133-enriched or CD133-depleted cells were treated with UAB30. RESULTS: CD133-enriched cells more readily formed tumorspheres in vitro at lower cell concentrations and formed tumors in vivo at low cell numbers. Treatment with RA or UAB30 decreased CD133 expression, decreased tumorsphere formation, and decreased expression of cancer stem cell markers. In vivo studies demonstrated that tumors from both CD133-enriched and CD133-depleted cells were sensitive to treatment with UAB30. CONCLUSIONS: CD133 is a marker for medulloblastoma SCLCCs. Both CD133-enriched and CD133-depleted medulloblastoma cell populations demonstrated sensitivity to UAB30, indicating its potential as a therapeutic option for group 3 medulloblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adele P Williams
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Evan F Garner
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Laura L Stafman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jamie M Aye
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Colin H Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | - Blake P Moore
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
In western Colorado, Cytospora leucostoma is ubiquitous in peach orchards and has developed into a major limiting factor of peach production. The pathogen is unable to invade healthy intact phloem tissue of the tree, but instead, it requires a wound as a mode of entry. Bark injuries caused by cold and pruning in commercial orchard systems provide infection courts that, in suitable environment conditions, can lead to many successful fungal infections. Preventive fungicide control is an integral component of management in tree fruit production. Eighteen fungicides were tested at selected label dose rates for C. leucostoma control. All treatments were initially tested in vitro in fungicide-amended media dishes. Successful treatments were then tested under controlled conditions on detached peach branch segments. Effective fungicides identified in the laboratory assays (thiophanate-methyl, captan, lime sulfur, and copper hydroxide) were further tested as spray applications in the field and as wound sealant applications in combination with latex paint and kaolin clay. Of the treatments evaluated, thiophanate-methyl, captan, 50% latex paint, thiophanate-methyl amended in 50% latex paint, captan amended in 50% latex paint, and lime sulfur were most effective in reducing C. leucostoma necrotic area. Copper hydroxide was ineffective in all field trials and in some instances, yielded larger necrotic areas than the nontreated positive control shoots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Miller
- 1 Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - K L Otto
- 1 Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - D Sterle
- 2 Western Colorado Research Center, Colorado State University, Grand Junction, CO 81503; and
| | - I S Minas
- 2 Western Colorado Research Center, Colorado State University, Grand Junction, CO 81503; and
- 3 Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - J E Stewart
- 1 Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Stafman LL, Williams AP, Marayati R, Aye JM, Stewart JE, Mroczek-Musulman E, Beierle EA. PP2A activation alone and in combination with cisplatin decreases cell growth and tumor formation in human HuH6 hepatoblastoma cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214469. [PMID: 30969990 PMCID: PMC6457532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite an increase in incidence, treatments for hepatoblastoma remain virtually unchanged for the past 20 years, emphasizing the need for novel therapeutics. FTY720 (fingolimod) is an immunomodulator approved for use in multiple sclerosis in children that has been demonstrated to have anti-cancer properties in multiple cancer types. We have demonstrated that FTY720 activates PP2A in hepatoblastoma, but does not do so via inhibition of the endogenous inhibitors, CIP2A and I2PP2A, as previously observed in other cancers. PP2A activation in hepatoblastoma decreased cell viability, proliferation, and motility and induced apoptosis. In a subcutaneous xenograft model, FTY720 decreased tumor growth. FTY720 in combination with the standard chemotherapeutic, cisplatin, decreased proliferation in a synergistic manner. Finally, animals bearing subcutaneous hepatoblastoma xenografts treated with FTY720 and cisplatin in combination had significantly decreased tumor growth compared to those treated with either drug alone. These findings show that targeting PP2A with FTY70 shows promise in the treatment of hepatoblastoma and that combining FTY720 with cisplatin may be a novel and effective strategy to better treat this devastating pediatric liver tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Stafman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Adele P. Williams
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Jamie M. Aye
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stafman LL, Williams AP, Garner EF, Aye JM, Stewart JE, Yoon KJ, Whelan K, Beierle EA. Targeting PIM Kinases Affects Maintenance of CD133 Tumor Cell Population in Hepatoblastoma. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:200-208. [PMID: 30412911 PMCID: PMC6222086 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver tumor in children, but treatment has not changed significantly in the past 20 years. We have previously demonstrated that Proviral Integration site for Moloney murine leukemia (PIM) kinases promote tumorigenesis in hepatoblastoma. Stem cell-like cancer cells (SCLCCs) are a subset of cells thought to be responsible for chemoresistance, metastasis, relapse, and recurrence. The aim of this study was to identify SCLCCs in hepatoblastoma and determine the role of PIM kinases in SCLCCs. Hepatoblastoma cells were separated into CD133-enriched and CD133-depleted populations and the frequency of SCLCCs was assessed. CD133 expression was determined in the presence or absence of the PIM inhibitor, AZD1208. The effects of AZD1208 on proliferation, apoptosis, and motility were assessed in vitro and the effect of AZD1208 on tumor growth was examined in vivo. We identified CD133 as a marker for SCLCCs in hepatoblastoma and showed that PIM kinases promote a SCLCC phenotype. PIM kinase inhibition with AZD1208 decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis in both SCLCCs and non-SCLCCs in a long-term passaged hepatoblastoma cell line and patient-derived xenograft. Additionally, tumor growth in mice implanted with hepatoblastoma SCLCCs was decreased with PIM inhibition such that 57% of the tumors regressed. These findings identify CD133 as a marker for SCLCCs in hepatoblastoma and provide evidence that inhibition of PIM kinases decreases stemness and tumorigenicity of SCLCCs in hepatoblastoma, making them potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of hepatoblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Stafman
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Adele P Williams
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Evan F Garner
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jamie M Aye
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Kimberly Whelan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Williams AP, Garner EF, Waters AM, Stafman LL, Aye JM, Markert H, Stewart JE, Beierle EA. Investigation of PP2A and Its Endogenous Inhibitors in Neuroblastoma Cell Survival and Tumor Growth. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:84-95. [PMID: 30286326 PMCID: PMC6169101 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastoma continues to carry a poor prognosis. Nearly 50% of these tumors relapse following extensive treatment regimens. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a tumor suppressor, has been shown to be downregulated in many human cancers via multiple mechanisms including upregulation of its endogenous inhibitors, I2PP2A or CIP2A. We hypothesized that inhibition of the endogenous PP2A inhibitors or activation of PP2A would decrease tumorigenicity in human neuroblastoma cells. Four human neuroblastoma cell lines were utilized. Expression of PP2A and its endogenous inhibitors I2PP2A and CIP2A was confirmed by immunoblotting. PP2A activation was measured via phosphatase activation assay. Multiple parallel methods including siRNA inhibition of the endogenous PP2A inhibitors and pharmacologic activation of PP2A were utilized. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were performed. In vivo studies were utilized to determine the effects of PP2A activation on neuroblastoma tumor growth. Inhibition of the endogenous inhibitors of PP2A or pharmacologic activation of PP2A with the PP2A activator FTY720 led to decreased neuroblastoma cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Treatment of mice bearing SK-N-AS or SK-N-BE(2) neuroblastoma tumors with FTY720 resulted in a significant decrease in tumor growth compared to vehicle-treated animals. In conclusion, activation of PP2A may provide a novel therapeutic target for neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adele P Williams
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Evan F Garner
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Alicia M Waters
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Laura L Stafman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jamie M Aye
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Hooper Markert
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Garner EF, Stafman LL, Williams AP, Aye JM, Goolsby C, Atigadda VR, Moore BP, Nan L, Stewart JE, Hjelmeland AB, Friedman GK, Beierle EA. UAB30, a novel RXR agonist, decreases tumorigenesis and leptomeningeal disease in group 3 medulloblastoma patient-derived xenografts. J Neurooncol 2018; 140:209-224. [PMID: 30132166 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group 3 tumors account for approximately 25-30% of medulloblastomas and have the worst prognosis. UAB30 is a novel synthetic rexinoid shown to have limited toxicities in humans and significant efficacy in the pediatric neuroectodermal tumor, neuroblastoma. We hypothesized that treatment with UAB30 would decrease tumorigenicity in medulloblastoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). METHODS Three group 3 medulloblastoma PDXs (D341, D384 and D425) were utilized. Cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion assays were performed after treatment with UAB30 or 13-cis-retinoic acid (RA). Cell cycle analysis was completed using flow cytometry. A flank model, a cerebellar model, and a model of leptomeningeal metastasis using human medulloblastoma PDX cells was used to assess the in vivo effects of UAB30 and RA. RESULTS UAB30 treatment led to cell differentiation and decreased medulloblastoma PDX cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion and G1 cell cycle arrest in all three PDXs similar to RA. UAB30 and RA treatment of mice bearing medulloblastoma PDX tumors resulted in a significant decrease in tumor growth and metastasis compared to vehicle treated animals. CONCLUSIONS UAB30 decreased viability, proliferation, and motility in group 3 medulloblastoma PDX cells and significantly decreased tumor growth in vivo in a fashion similar to RA, suggesting that further investigations into the potential therapeutic application of UAB30 for medulloblastoma are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan F Garner
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Laura L Stafman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Adele P Williams
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jamie M Aye
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Caroline Goolsby
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Venkatram R Atigadda
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Blake P Moore
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Li Nan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- , Birmingham, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Stafman LL, Mruthyunjayappa S, Waters AM, Garner EF, Aye JM, Stewart JE, Yoon KJ, Whelan K, Mroczek-Musulman E, Beierle EA. Targeting PIM kinase as a therapeutic strategy in human hepatoblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22665-22679. [PMID: 29854306 PMCID: PMC5978256 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing incidence coupled with poor prognosis and treatments that are virtually unchanged over the past 20 years have made the need for the development of novel therapeutics for hepatoblastoma imperative. PIM kinases have been implicated as drivers of tumorigenesis in multiple cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. We hypothesized that PIM kinases, specifically PIM3, would play a role in hepatoblastoma tumorigenesis and that PIM kinase inhibition would affect hepatoblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Parameters including cell survival, proliferation, motility, and apoptosis were assessed in human hepatoblastoma cells following PIM3 knockdown with siRNA or treatment with the PIM inhibitor AZD1208. An in vivo model of human hepatoblastoma was utilized to study the effects of PIM inhibition alone and in combination with cisplatin. PIM kinases were found to be present in the human hepatoblastoma cell line, HuH6, and in a human hepatoblastoma patient-derived xenograft, COA67. PIM3 knockdown or inhibition with AZD1208 decreased cell survival, attachment independent growth, and motility. Additionally, inhibition of tumor growth was observed in a hepatoblastoma xenograft model in mice treated with AZD1208. Combination therapy with AZD1208 and cisplatin resulted in a significant increase in animal survival when compared to either treatment alone. The current studies showed that PIM kinase inhibition decreased human hepatoblastoma tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo, implying that PIM inhibitors may be useful as a novel therapeutic for children with hepatoblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Stafman
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Alicia M Waters
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Evan F Garner
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jamie M Aye
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kimberly Whelan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Williams AP, Waters AM, Stewart JE, Atigadda VR, Mroczek-Musulman E, Muccio DD, Grubbs CJ, Beierle EA. A novel retinoid X receptor agonist, UAB30, inhibits rhabdomyosarcoma cells in vitro. J Surg Res 2018; 228:54-62. [PMID: 29907230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While patients with early-stage rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) have seen steady improvement in prognosis over the last 50 y, those with advanced-stage or high-grade disease continue to have a dismal prognosis. Retinoids have been shown to cause growth suppression and terminal differentiation in RMS cells, but the toxicities associated with retinoic acid limit its use. Rexinoids provide an alternative treatment approach to retinoic acid. Rexinoids primarily bind the retinoid X receptor with minimal retinoic acid receptor binding, the entity responsible for many of the toxicities of retinoid therapies. UAB30 is a novel rexinoid with limited toxicities. We hypothesized that UAB30 would lead to decreased cell survival in RMS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two RMS cell lines, one embryonal (RD) subtype and one alveolar (St. Jude Cancer Research Hospital 30) subtype, were used. Cells were treated with UAB30, and cytotoxicity, proliferation, mobility, and apoptosis were evaluated. RESULTS UAB30 significantly decreased RMS tumor cell viability and proliferation. Invasion, migration, and attachment-independent growth were reduced following UAB30 treatment. UAB30 also resulted in apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest. UAB30 affected both the alveolar and embryonal RMS cell lines in a similar fashion. CONCLUSIONS The results of these studies suggest a potential therapeutic role for the low-toxicity synthetic retinoid X receptor selective agonist, UAB30, in RMS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adele P Williams
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Alicia M Waters
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Venkatram R Atigadda
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Donald D Muccio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Clinton J Grubbs
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Perentos N, Nicol AU, Martins AQ, Stewart JE, Taylor P, Morton AJ. Techniques for chronic monitoring of brain activity in freely moving sheep using wireless EEG recording. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 279:87-100. [PMID: 27914975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large mammals with complex central nervous systems offer new possibilities for translational research into basic brain function. Techniques for monitoring brain activity in large mammals, however, are not as well developed as they are in rodents. NEW METHOD We have developed a method for chronic monitoring of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in unrestrained sheep. We describe the methods for behavioural training prior to implantation, surgical procedures for implantation, a protocol for reliable anaesthesia and recovery, methods for EEG data collection, as well as data pertaining to suitability and longevity of different types of electrodes. RESULTS Sheep tolerated all procedures well, and surgical complications were minimal. Electrode types used included epidural and subdural screws, intracortical needles and subdural disk electrodes, with the latter producing the best and most reliable results. The implants yielded longitudinal EEG data of consistent quality for periods of at least a year, and in some cases up to 2 years. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS This is the first detailed methodology to be described for chronic brain function monitoring in freely moving unrestrained sheep. CONCLUSIONS The developed method will be particularly useful in chronic investigations of brain activity during normal behaviour that can include sleep, learning and memory. As well, within the context of disease, the method can be used to monitor brain pathology or the progress of therapeutic trials in transgenic or natural disease models in sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Perentos
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, United Kingdom
| | - A U Nicol
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, United Kingdom
| | - A Q Martins
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, United Kingdom
| | - J E Stewart
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, United Kingdom
| | - P Taylor
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, United Kingdom
| | - A J Morton
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Waters AM, Stafman LL, Garner EF, Mruthyunjayappa S, Stewart JE, Friedman GK, Coleman JM, Markert JM, Gillespie GY, Beierle EA. Effect of Repeat Dosing of Engineered Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus on Preclinical Models of Rhabdomyosarcoma. Transl Oncol 2016; 9:419-430. [PMID: 27751346 PMCID: PMC5067929 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a tumor of skeletal muscle origin, is the most common sarcoma of childhood. Despite multidrug chemotherapy regimens, surgical intervention, and radiation treatment, outcomes remain poor, especially in advanced disease, and novel therapies are needed for the treatment of these aggressive malignancies. Genetically engineered oncolytic viruses, such as herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV), are currently being explored as treatments for pediatric tumors. M002, an oncolytic HSV, has both copies of the γ134.5 gene deleted, enabling replication in tumor cells but thwarting infection of normal, postmitotic cells. We hypothesized that M002 would infect human RMS tumor cells and lead to decreased tumor cell survival in vitro and impede tumor growth in vivo. In the current study, we demonstrated that M002 could infect, replicate in, and decrease cell survival in both embryonal (ERMS) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) cells. Additionally, M002 reduced xenograft tumor growth and increased animal survival in both ARMS and ERMS. Most importantly, we showed for the first time that repeated dosing of oncolytic virus coupled with low-dose radiation provided improved tumor response in RMS. These findings provide support for the clinical investigation of oncolytic HSV in pediatric RMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Waters
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - Laura L Stafman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - Evan F Garner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - Smitha Mruthyunjayappa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - Jennifer M Coleman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - James M Markert
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35233.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Waters AM, Stafman LL, Garner EF, Mruthyunjayappa S, Stewart JE, Mroczek-Musulman E, Beierle EA. Targeting Focal Adhesion Kinase Suppresses the Malignant Phenotype in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells. Transl Oncol 2016; 9:263-73. [PMID: 27567948 PMCID: PMC4925808 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the tremendous advances in the treatment of childhood solid tumors, rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) continues to provide a therapeutic challenge. Children with metastatic or relapsed disease have a disease-free survival rate under 30%. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is important in many facets of tumorigenesis. Signaling pathways both upstream and downstream to FAK have been found to be important in sarcoma tumorigenesis, leading us to hypothesize that FAK would be present in RMS and would impact cellular survival. In the current study, we showed that FAK was present and phosphorylated in pediatric alveolar and embryonal RMS tumor specimens and cell lines. We also examined the effects of FAK inhibition upon two RMS cell lines utilizing parallel approaches including RNAi and small molecule inhibitors. FAK inhibition resulted in decreased cellular survival, invasion, and migration and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, small molecule inhibition of FAK led to decreased tumor growth in a nude mouse RMS xenograft model. The findings from this study will help to further our understanding of the regulation of tumorigenesis in RMS and may provide desperately needed novel therapeutic strategies for these difficult-to-treat tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Waters
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Laura L Stafman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Evan F Garner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Smitha Mruthyunjayappa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Waters AM, Stewart JE, Atigadda VR, Mroczek-Musulman E, Muccio DD, Grubbs CJ, Beierle EA. Preclinical Evaluation of UAB30 in Pediatric Renal and Hepatic Malignancies. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:911-21. [PMID: 26873726 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rare tumors of solid organs remain some of the most difficult pediatric cancers to cure. These difficult tumors include rare pediatric renal malignancies, such as malignant rhabdoid kidney tumors (MRKT) and non-osseous renal Ewing sarcoma, and hepatoblastoma, a pediatric liver tumor that arises from immature liver cells. There are data in adult renal and hepatic malignancies demonstrating the efficacy of retinoid therapy. The investigation of retinoic acid therapy in cancer is not a new strategy, but the widespread adoption of this therapy has been hindered by toxicities. Our laboratory has been investigating a novel synthetic rexinoid, UAB30, which exhibits a more favorable side-effect profile. In this study, we hypothesized that UAB30 would diminish the growth of tumor cells from both rare renal and liver tumors in vitro and in vivo We successfully demonstrated decreased cellular proliferation, invasion and migration, cell-cycle arrest, and increased apoptosis after treatment with UAB30. Additionally, in in vivo murine models of human hepatoblastoma or rare human renal tumors, there were significantly decreased tumor xenograft growth and increased animal survival after UAB30 treatment. UAB30 should be further investigated as a developing therapeutic in these rare and difficult-to-treat pediatric solid organ tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 911-21. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Waters
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | - Donald D Muccio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Clinton J Grubbs
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gillory LA, Stewart JE, Megison ML, Waters AM, Beierle EA. Focal adhesion kinase and p53 synergistically decrease neuroblastoma cell survival. J Surg Res 2015; 196:339-49. [PMID: 25862488 PMCID: PMC4442704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood and is responsible for over 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is important in many facets of neuroblastoma tumor development and progression. The p53 oncogene, although wild type in most neuroblastomas, lacks significant function as a tumor suppressor in these tumors. Recent reports have found that FAK and p53 interact in some tumor types. We have hypothesized FAK and p53 coordinately control each other's expression and also interact in neuroblastoma. In the present study, we showed that not only do FAK and p53 interact but each one controls the expression of the other. In addition, we also examined the effects of FAK inhibition combined with p53 activation in neuroblastoma and showed that these two, in combination, had a synergistic effect on neuroblastoma cell survival. The findings from this present study help to further our understanding of the regulation of neuroblastoma tumorigenesis and may provide novel therapeutic strategies and targets for neuroblastoma and other pediatric solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Gillory
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Alicia M Waters
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Waters AM, Stewart JE, Atigadda VR, Mroczek-Musulman E, Muccio DD, Grubbs CJ, Beierle EA. Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel RXR Agonist for the Treatment of Neuroblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1559-69. [PMID: 25944918 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma remains a common cause of pediatric cancer deaths, especially for children who present with advanced stage or recurrent disease. Currently, retinoic acid therapy is used as maintenance treatment to induce differentiation and reduce tumor recurrence following induction therapy for neuroblastoma, but unavoidable side effects are seen. A novel retinoid, UAB30, has been shown to generate negligible toxicities. In the current study, we hypothesized that UAB30 would have a significant impact on multiple neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Cellular survival, cell-cycle analysis, migration, and invasion were studied using AlamarBlue assays, FACS, and Transwell assays, respectively, in multiple cell lines following treatment with UAB30. In addition, an in vivo murine model of human neuroblastoma was utilized to study the effects of UAB30 upon tumor xenograft growth and animal survival. We successfully demonstrated decreased cellular survival, invasion, and migration, cell-cycle arrest, and increased apoptosis after treatment with UAB30. Furthermore, inhibition of tumor growth and increased survival was observed in a murine neuroblastoma xenograft model. The results of these in vitro and in vivo studies suggest a potential therapeutic role for the low toxicity synthetic retinoid X receptor selective agonist, UAB30, in neuroblastoma treatment.
Collapse
|
45
|
Stewart JE, Ma X, Megison M, Nabers H, Cance WG, Kurenova EV, Beierle EA. Inhibition of FAK and VEGFR-3 binding decreases tumorigenicity in neuroblastoma. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54:9-23. [PMID: 23868727 PMCID: PMC4370318 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood and is responsible for over 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is important in many facets of tumor development and progression. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), another tyrosine kinase, has also been found to be important in the development of many human tumors including neuroblastoma. Recent reports have found that FAK and VEGFR-3 interact, and we have previously shown that both of these kinases interact in neuroblastoma. We have hypothesized that interruption of the FAK-VEGFR-3 interaction would lead to decreased neuroblastoma cell survival. In the current study, we examined the effects of a small molecule, chloropyramine hydrochloride (C4), designed to disrupt the FAK-VEGFR-3 interaction, upon cellular attachment, migration, and survival in two human neuroblastoma cell lines. We also utilized a murine xenograft model to study the impact of C4 upon tumor growth. In these studies, we showed that disruption of the FAK-VEGFR-3 interaction led to decreased cellular attachment, migration, and survival in vitro. In addition, treatment of murine xenografts with chloropyramine hydrochloride decreased neuroblastoma xenograft growth. Further, this molecule acted synergistically with standard chemotherapy to further decrease neuroblastoma xenograft growth. The findings from this current study help to further our understanding of the regulation of neuroblastoma tumorigenesis, and may provide novel therapeutic strategies and targets for neuroblastoma and other solid tumors of childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry E Stewart
- University of Alabama, Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave. S., Lowder Building, Room 300, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Beierle EA, Ma X, Stewart JE, Megison M, Cance WG, Kurenova EV. Inhibition of the focal adhesion kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 interaction leads to decreased survival in human neuroblastoma cell lines. Mol Carcinog 2014; 53:230-42. [PMID: 23065847 PMCID: PMC3809027 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma continues to be a devastating childhood solid tumor and is responsible for over 15% of all childhood cancer-related deaths. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) are protein tyrosine kinases that are overexpressed in a number of human cancers, including neuroblastoma. These two kinases can directly interact and provide survival signals to cancer cells. In this study, we utilized siRNA to VEGFR-3 to demonstrate the biologic importance of this kinase in neuroblastoma cell survival. We also used confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation to show that FAK and VEGFR-3 bind in neuroblastoma. Finally, employing a 12-amino-acid peptide (AV3) specific to VEGFR-3, we showed that the colocalization between FAK and VEGFR-3 could be disrupted, and that disruption resulted in decreased neuroblastoma cell survival. These studies provide insight to the FAK-VEGFR-3 interaction in neuroblastoma and demonstrate its importance in this tumor type. Focusing upon the FAK-VEGFR-3 interaction may provide a novel therapeutic target for the development of new strategies for treatment of neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Beierle
- University of Alabama, Birmingham, 1600 7 Ave. S., ACC Room 300, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Xiaojie Ma
- University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- University of Alabama, Birmingham, 1600 7 Ave. S., ACC Room 300, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Michael Megison
- University of Alabama, Birmingham, 1600 7 Ave. S., ACC Room 300, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - William G. Cance
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Elena V. Kurenova
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Megison ML, Gillory LA, Stewart JE, Nabers HC, Mroczek-Musulman E, Waters AM, Coleman JM, Kelly V, Markert JM, Gillespie GY, Friedman GK, Beierle EA. Preclinical evaluation of engineered oncolytic herpes simplex virus for the treatment of pediatric solid tumors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86843. [PMID: 24497984 PMCID: PMC3907427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, investigators showed that mice with syngeneic murine gliomas that were treated with a neuroattenuated oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (oHSV), M002, had a significant increase in survival. M002 has deletions in both copies of the γ134.5 gene, enabling replication in tumor cells but precluding infection of normal cells. Previous studies have shown antitumor effects of other oHSV against a number of adult tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the oncolytic potential of M002 against difficult to treat pediatric liver and kidney tumors. We showed that the oHSV, M002, infected, replicated, and decreased cell survival in hepatoblastoma, malignant rhabdoid kidney tumor, and renal sarcoma cell lines. In addition, we showed that in murine xenografts, treatment with M002 significantly increased survival and decreased tumor growth. Finally, these studies showed that the primary entry protein for oHSV, CD111 (nectin-1) was present in human hepatoblastoma and malignant rhabdoid kidney tumor specimens. We concluded that M002 effectively targeted these rare aggressive tumor types and that M002 may have potential for use in children with unresponsive or relapsed pediatric solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Megison
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Lauren A. Gillory
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Hugh C. Nabers
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | | | - Alicia M. Waters
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Coleman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Virginia Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - James M. Markert
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - G. Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Megison ML, Gillory LA, Stewart JE, Nabers HC, Mrozcek-Musulman E, Beierle EA. FAK inhibition abrogates the malignant phenotype in aggressive pediatric renal tumors. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:514-26. [PMID: 24464916 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Despite the tremendous advances in the treatment of childhood kidney tumors, there remain subsets of pediatric renal tumors that continue to pose a therapeutic challenge, mainly malignant rhabdoid kidney tumors and nonosseous renal Ewing sarcoma. Children with advanced, metastatic, or relapsed disease have a poor disease-free survival rate. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is important in many facets of tumor development and progression. FAK has been found in other pediatric solid tumors and in adult renal cellular carcinoma, leading to the hypothesis that FAK contributes to pediatric kidney tumors and would affect cellular survival. In the current study, FAK was present and phosphorylated in pediatric kidney tumor specimens. Moreover, the effects of FAK inhibition upon G401 and SK-NEP-1 cell lines were examined using a number of parallel approaches to block FAK, including RNA interference and small-molecule FAK inhibitors. FAK inhibition resulted in decreased cellular survival, invasion and migration, and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, small-molecule inhibition of FAK led to decreased SK-NEP-1 xenograft growth in vivo. These data deepen the knowledge of the tumorigenic process in pediatric renal tumors, and provide desperately needed therapeutic strategies and targets for these rare, but difficult to treat, malignancies. IMPLICATIONS This study provides a fundamental understanding of tumorigenesis in difficult to treat renal tumors and provides an impetus for new avenues of research and potential for novel, targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Megison
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Avenue South, Lowder, Room 300, Birmingham, AL 35233.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gillory LA, Megison ML, Stewart JE, Mroczek-Musulman E, Nabers HC, Waters AM, Kelly V, Coleman JM, Markert JM, Gillespie GY, Friedman GK, Beierle EA. Preclinical evaluation of engineered oncolytic herpes simplex virus for the treatment of neuroblastoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77753. [PMID: 24130898 PMCID: PMC3795073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive research efforts and therapeutic advances over the last few decades, the pediatric neural crest tumor, neuroblastoma, continues to be responsible for over 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. Novel therapeutic options are needed for this tumor. Recently, investigators have shown that mice with syngeneic murine gliomas treated with an engineered, neuroattenuated oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (oHSV), M002, had a significant increase in survival. M002 has deletions in both copies of the γ134.5 gene, enabling replication in tumor cells but precluding infection of normal neural cells. We hypothesized that M002 would also be effective in the neural crest tumor, neuroblastoma. We showed that M002 infected, replicated, and decreased survival in neuroblastoma cell lines. In addition, we showed that in murine xenografts, treatment with M002 significantly decreased tumor growth, and that this effect was augmented with the addition of ionizing radiation. Importantly, survival could be increased by subsequent doses of radiation without re-dosing of the virus. Finally, these studies showed that the primary entry protein for oHSV, CD111 was expressed by numerous neuroblastoma cell lines and was also present in human neuroblastoma specimens. We concluded that M002 effectively targeted neuroblastoma and that this oHSV may have potential for use in children with unresponsive or relapsed neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Gillory
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Megison
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | | | - Hugh C. Nabers
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Alicia M. Waters
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Virginia Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Coleman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - James M. Markert
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - G. Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Megison ML, Stewart JE, Nabers HC, Gillory LA, Beierle EA. FAK inhibition decreases cell invasion, migration and metastasis in MYCN amplified neuroblastoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012. [PMID: 23208732 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, is responsible for over 15 % of pediatric cancer deaths. We have shown that neuroblastoma cell lines overexpress focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that controls a number of tumorigenic pathways. In this study, we hypothesized that inhibition of FAK would result in decreased cellular migration and invasion in neuroblastoma cell lines, and decrease metastasis in a murine model. We utilized non-isogenic and isogenic MYCN human neuroblastoma cell lines and parallel methods of FAK inhibition. Cell viability, migration, and invasion assays were employed to assess the effects of FAK inhibition in vitro. A nude mouse model was utilized to determine the effects of FAK inhibition on in vivo liver metastasis. FAK knockdown with siRNA resulted in decreased invasion and migration in neuroblastoma cell lines, and the effects of siRNA-induced FAK inhibition were more pronounced in MYCN amplified cell lines. In addition, abrogation of FAK with a small molecule inhibitors resulted in decreased cell survival, migration and invasion in neuroblastoma cell lines, again most pronounced in cell lines with MYCN amplification. Finally, small molecule FAK inhibition in a nude mouse model resulted in a significant decrease in metastatic tumor burden in SK-N-BE(2) injected animals. We believe that FAK plays an important role in maintaining and propagating the metastatic phenotype of neuroblastoma cells, and this driver role is exaggerated in cell lines that overexpress MYCN. FAK inhibition warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of aggressive neuroblastoma.
Collapse
|