1
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Jiao X, Di Sante G, Casimiro MC, Tantos A, Ashton AW, Li Z, Quach Y, Bhargava D, Di Rocco A, Pupo C, Crosariol M, Lazar T, Tompa P, Wang C, Yu Z, Zhang Z, Aldaaysi K, Vadlamudi R, Mann M, Skordalakes E, Kossenkov A, Du Y, Pestell RG. A cyclin D1 intrinsically disordered domain accesses modified histone motifs to govern gene transcription. Oncogenesis 2024; 13:4. [PMID: 38191593 PMCID: PMC10774418 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The essential G1-cyclin, CCND1, is frequently overexpressed in cancer, contributing to tumorigenesis by driving cell-cycle progression. D-type cyclins are rate-limiting regulators of G1-S progression in mammalian cells via their ability to bind and activate CDK4 and CDK6. In addition, cyclin D1 conveys kinase-independent transcriptional functions of cyclin D1. Here we report that cyclin D1 associates with H2BS14 via an intrinsically disordered domain (IDD). The same region of cyclin D1 was necessary for the induction of aneuploidy, induction of the DNA damage response, cyclin D1-mediated recruitment into chromatin, and CIN gene transcription. In response to DNA damage H2BS14 phosphorylation occurs, resulting in co-localization with γH2AX in DNA damage foci. Cyclin D1 ChIP seq and γH2AX ChIP seq revealed ~14% overlap. As the cyclin D1 IDD functioned independently of the CDK activity to drive CIN, the IDD domain may provide a rationale new target to complement CDK-extinction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanmao Jiao
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | | | - Mathew C Casimiro
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - Agnes Tantos
- Institute of Enzymology, Hun-Ren Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anthony W Ashton
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, 19003, USA
| | - Zhiping Li
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Yen Quach
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | | | | | - Claudia Pupo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Marco Crosariol
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Tamas Lazar
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Peter Tompa
- Institute of Enzymology, Hun-Ren Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Zuoren Yu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Kawthar Aldaaysi
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Ratna Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Monica Mann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | | | | | - Yanming Du
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA.
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba.
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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2
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Im H, Lee J, Lee HJ, Kim DY, Kim EJ, Yi JY. Cyclin D1 promotes radioresistance through regulation of RAD51 in melanoma. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1706-1716. [PMID: 37421206 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a notoriously radioresistant type of skin cancer. Elucidation of the specific mechanisms underlying radioresistance is necessary to improve the clinical efficacy of radiation therapy. To identify the key factors contributing to radioresistance, five melanoma cell lines were selected for study and genes that were upregulated in relatively radioresistant melanomas compared with radiosensitive melanoma cells determined via RNA sequencing technology. In particular, we focused on cyclin D1 (CCND1), a well known cell cycle regulatory molecule. In radiosensitive melanoma, overexpression of cyclin D1 reduced apoptosis. In radioresistant melanoma cell lines, suppression of cyclin D1 with a specific inhibitor or siRNA increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation in 2D and 3D spheroid cultures. In addition, we observed increased expression of γ-H2AX, a molecular marker of DNA damage, even at a later time after γ-irradiation, under conditions of inhibition of cyclin D1, with a response pattern similar to that of radiosensitive SK-Mel5. In the same context, expression and nuclear foci formation of RAD51, a key enzyme for homologous recombination (HR), were reduced upon inhibition of cyclin D1. Downregulation of RAD51 also reduced cell survival to irradiation. Overall, suppression of cyclin D1 expression or function led to reduced radiation-induced DNA damage response (DDR) and triggered cell death. Our collective findings indicate that the presence of increased cyclin D1 potentially contributes to the development of radioresistance through effects on RAD51 in melanoma and could therefore serve as a therapeutic target for improving the efficacy of radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuntaik Im
- Division of Basic Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeeyong Lee
- Division of Basic Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae Jin Lee
- Division of Basic Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kim
- Division of Basic Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Kim
- Division of Basic Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Youn Yi
- Division of Basic Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
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3
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Rangsrikitphoti P, Marquez-Garban DC, Pietras RJ, McGowan E, Boonyaratanakornkit V. Sex steroid hormones and DNA repair regulation: Implications on cancer treatment responses. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 227:106230. [PMID: 36450315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of sex steroid hormones (SSHs) has been shown to modulate cancer cytotoxic treatment sensitivity. Dysregulation of DNA repair associated with genomic instability, abnormal cell survival and not only promotes cancer progression but also resistance to cancer treatment. The three major SSHs, androgen, estrogen, and progesterone, have been shown to interact with several essential DNA repair components. The presence of androgens directly regulates key molecules in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Estrogen can promote cell proliferation and DNA repair, allowing cancer cells to tolerate chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Information on the role of progesterone in DNA repair is limited: progesterone interaction with some DNA repair components has been identified, but the biological significance is still unknown. Here, we review the roles of how each SSH affects DNA repair regulation and modulates response to genotoxic therapies and discuss future research that can be beneficial when combining SSHs with cancer therapy. We also provide preliminary analysis from publicly available databases defining the link between progesterone/PR and DDRs & DNA repair regulation that plausibly contribute to chemotherapy response and breast cancer patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattarasiri Rangsrikitphoti
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Diana C Marquez-Garban
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richard J Pietras
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eileen McGowan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Viroj Boonyaratanakornkit
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Age-related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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4
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The Interplay between the Cellular Response to DNA Double-Strand Breaks and Estrogen. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193097. [PMID: 36231059 PMCID: PMC9563627 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is often connected to impaired DNA repair and DNA damage signaling pathways. The presence of DNA damage in cells activates DNA damage response, which is a complex cellular signaling network that includes DNA repair, activation of the cell cycle checkpoints, cellular senescence, and apoptosis. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are toxic lesions that are mainly repaired by the non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathways. Estrogen-dependent cancers, like breast and ovarian cancers, are frequently associated with mutations in genes that play a role in HRR. The female sex hormone estrogen binds and activates the estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα, ERβ and G-protein-coupled ER 1 (GPER1). ERα drives proliferation, while ERβ inhibits cell growth. Estrogen regulates the transcription, stability and activity of numerus DDR factors and DDR factors in turn modulate ERα expression, stability and transcriptional activity. Additionally, estrogen stimulates DSB formation in cells as part of its metabolism and proliferative effect. In this review, we will present an overview on the crosstalk between estrogen and the cellular response to DSBs. We will discuss how estrogen regulates DSB signaling and repair, and how DDR factors modulate the expression, stability and activity of estrogen. We will also discuss how the regulation of HRR genes by estrogen promotes the development of estrogen-dependent cancers.
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5
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Endogenous Cyclin D1 Promotes the Rate of Onset and Magnitude of Mitogenic Signaling via Akt1 Ser473 Phosphorylation. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108151. [PMID: 32937140 PMCID: PMC7707112 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 encodes the regulatory subunit of a holoenzyme that phosphorylates RB and functions as a collaborative nuclear oncogene. The serine threonine kinase Akt plays a pivotal role in the control of cellular metabolism, survival, and mitogenic signaling. Herein, Akt1-mediated phosphorylation of downstream substrates in the mammary gland is reduced by cyclin D1 genetic deletion and is induced by mammary-gland-targeted cyclin D1 overexpression. Cyclin D1 is associated with Akt1 and augments the rate of onset and maximal cellular Akt1 activity induced by mitogens. Cyclin D1 is identified in a cytoplasmic-membrane-associated pool, and cytoplasmic-membrane-localized cyclin D1—but not nuclear-localized cyclin D1—recapitulates Akt1 transcriptional function. These studies identify a novel extranuclear function of cyclin D1 to enhance proliferative functions via augmenting Akt1 phosphorylation at Ser473. Chen et al. show that the rate of onset and maximal cellular Akt1 activity induced by mitogens was augmented by cyclin D1. Cyclin D1 bound and phosphorylated Akt1 at Ser473. These studies identify a novel extranuclear function of cyclin D1 to enhance proliferative functions via augmenting Akt1 phosphorylation at Ser473.
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6
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Ganguly S, Naik D, Muskara A, Mian OY. The Nexus of Endocrine Signaling and Cancer: How Steroid Hormones Influence Genomic Stability. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6015749. [PMID: 33260197 PMCID: PMC7707372 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-driven malignancies, including breast and prostate cancer, are among the most common human cancers. The relationship between sex steroid hormones (eg, androgen, estrogen, and progesterone), their cognate receptors, and genomic stability lie at the center of endocrine-driven cancer development, progression, and therapeutic resistance. A variety of direct and indirect mechanisms have been described that link steroid hormone signaling to the loss of genomic integrity that drives early carcinogenesis. These effects are often enriched within endocrine receptor cistromes, accounting for the high proportion of mutations and rearrangements in the region of hormone response elements. In other cases, the effects are generalized and rely on a complex array of genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic interactions. Both androgen and estrogen receptors directly modulate the DNA damage response by trans-activating DNA damage response genes and redirecting the cellular repair machinery in the wake of genotoxic stress. Here we review the key mechanistic underpinnings of the relationship between sex steroid hormone receptors and genomic stability. In addition, we summarize emerging research in this area and discuss important implications for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Divya Naik
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Andrew Muskara
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Omar Y Mian
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
- Correspondence: Omar Y. Mian, MD, PhD, Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research (THOR), Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Center, 9500 Euclid Ave., CA50, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. E-mail:
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7
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Deregulated estrogen receptor signaling and DNA damage response in breast tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188482. [PMID: 33260050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carriers of BRCA1 mutations have a higher chance of developing cancers in hormone-responsive tissues like the breast, ovary and prostate, compared to other tissues. These tumors generally exhibit basal-like characters and do not express estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR). Intriguingly, BRCA1 mutated breast cancers have a less favorable clinical outcome, as they will not respond to hormone therapy. BRCA1 has been reported to exhibit ligand dependent and independent transcriptional inhibition of ER-α; however, there exists a controversy on whether BRCA1 induces or inhibits ER-α expression. The mechanisms associated with resistance of BRCA1 mutated cancers to hormone therapy, as well as the tissue restriction exhibited by BRCA1 mutated tumors are still largely unknown. BRCA1 mutated tumors possess increased DNA damages and decreased genomic integrity, as BRCA1 plays a cardinal role in high fidelity DNA damage repair pathways, like homologous recombination (HR). The existence of cross regulatory signaling networks between ER-α and BRCA1 speculates a role of ER on BRCA1 dependent DDR pathways. Thus, the loss or haploinsufficiency of BRCA1 and the consequential deregulation of ER-α signaling may result in persistence of unrepaired DNA damages, eventually leading to tumorigenesis. Therefore, understanding of this cross-talk between ER-α and BRCA1, with regard to DDR, will provide critical insights to steer drug development and therapy for breast/ovarian cancers. This review discusses the mechanisms by which estrogen and ER signaling influence BRCA1 mediated DNA damage response and repair pathways in the mammalian system.
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8
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Chen K, Jiao X, Ashton A, Di Rocco A, Pestell TG, Sun Y, Zhao J, Casimiro MC, Li Z, Lisanti MP, McCue PA, Shen D, Achilefu S, Rui H, Pestell RG. The membrane-associated form of cyclin D1 enhances cellular invasion. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:83. [PMID: 32948740 PMCID: PMC7501870 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential G1-cyclin, CCND1, is a collaborative nuclear oncogene that is frequently overexpressed in cancer. D-type cyclins bind and activate CDK4 and CDK6 thereby contributing to G1–S cell-cycle progression. In addition to the nucleus, herein cyclin D1 was also located in the cytoplasmic membrane. In contrast with the nuclear-localized form of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1NL), the cytoplasmic membrane-localized form of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1MEM) induced transwell migration and the velocity of cellular migration. The cyclin D1MEM was sufficient to induce G1–S cell-cycle progression, cellular proliferation, and colony formation. The cyclin D1MEM was sufficient to induce phosphorylation of the serine threonine kinase Akt (Ser473) and augmented extranuclear localized 17β-estradiol dendrimer conjugate (EDC)-mediated phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473). These studies suggest distinct subcellular compartments of cell cycle proteins may convey distinct functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Anthony Ashton
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Agnese Di Rocco
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Timothy G Pestell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Yunguang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Mathew C Casimiro
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA.,Dept of Science and Math, Abraham Baldwin Agricultural college, Tifton, GA, 31794, Georgia
| | - Zhiping Li
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A McCue
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Duanwen Shen
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Departments of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA. .,The Wistar Cancer Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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9
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Helm JS, Rudel RA. Adverse outcome pathways for ionizing radiation and breast cancer involve direct and indirect DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, genomic instability, and interaction with hormonal regulation of the breast. Arch Toxicol 2020. [PMID: 32399610 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02752-z)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about established breast carcinogens can support improved and modernized toxicological testing methods by identifying key mechanistic events. Ionizing radiation (IR) increases the risk of breast cancer, especially for women and for exposure at younger ages, and evidence overall supports a linear dose-response relationship. We used the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework to outline and evaluate the evidence linking ionizing radiation with breast cancer from molecular initiating events to the adverse outcome through intermediate key events, creating a qualitative AOP. We identified key events based on review articles, searched PubMed for recent literature on key events and IR, and identified additional papers using references. We manually curated publications and evaluated data quality. Ionizing radiation directly and indirectly causes DNA damage and increases production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). RONS lead to DNA damage and epigenetic changes leading to mutations and genomic instability (GI). Proliferation amplifies the effects of DNA damage and mutations leading to the AO of breast cancer. Separately, RONS and DNA damage also increase inflammation. Inflammation contributes to direct and indirect effects (effects in cells not directly reached by IR) via positive feedback to RONS and DNA damage, and separately increases proliferation and breast cancer through pro-carcinogenic effects on cells and tissue. For example, gene expression changes alter inflammatory mediators, resulting in improved survival and growth of cancer cells and a more hospitable tissue environment. All of these events overlap at multiple points with events characteristic of "background" induction of breast carcinogenesis, including hormone-responsive proliferation, oxidative activity, and DNA damage. These overlaps make the breast particularly susceptible to ionizing radiation and reinforce that these biological activities are important characteristics of carcinogens. Agents that increase these biological processes should be considered potential breast carcinogens, and predictive methods are needed to identify chemicals that increase these processes. Techniques are available to measure RONS, DNA damage and mutation, cell proliferation, and some inflammatory proteins or processes. Improved assays are needed to measure GI and chronic inflammation, as well as the interaction with hormonally driven development and proliferation. Several methods measure diverse epigenetic changes, but it is not clear which changes are relevant to breast cancer. In addition, most toxicological assays are not conducted in mammary tissue, and so it is a priority to evaluate if results from other tissues are generalizable to breast, or to conduct assays in breast tissue. Developing and applying these assays to identify exposures of concern will facilitate efforts to reduce subsequent breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Helm
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA, 02460, USA
| | - Ruthann A Rudel
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA, 02460, USA.
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10
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Helm JS, Rudel RA. Adverse outcome pathways for ionizing radiation and breast cancer involve direct and indirect DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, genomic instability, and interaction with hormonal regulation of the breast. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1511-1549. [PMID: 32399610 PMCID: PMC7261741 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about established breast carcinogens can support improved and modernized toxicological testing methods by identifying key mechanistic events. Ionizing radiation (IR) increases the risk of breast cancer, especially for women and for exposure at younger ages, and evidence overall supports a linear dose-response relationship. We used the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework to outline and evaluate the evidence linking ionizing radiation with breast cancer from molecular initiating events to the adverse outcome through intermediate key events, creating a qualitative AOP. We identified key events based on review articles, searched PubMed for recent literature on key events and IR, and identified additional papers using references. We manually curated publications and evaluated data quality. Ionizing radiation directly and indirectly causes DNA damage and increases production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). RONS lead to DNA damage and epigenetic changes leading to mutations and genomic instability (GI). Proliferation amplifies the effects of DNA damage and mutations leading to the AO of breast cancer. Separately, RONS and DNA damage also increase inflammation. Inflammation contributes to direct and indirect effects (effects in cells not directly reached by IR) via positive feedback to RONS and DNA damage, and separately increases proliferation and breast cancer through pro-carcinogenic effects on cells and tissue. For example, gene expression changes alter inflammatory mediators, resulting in improved survival and growth of cancer cells and a more hospitable tissue environment. All of these events overlap at multiple points with events characteristic of "background" induction of breast carcinogenesis, including hormone-responsive proliferation, oxidative activity, and DNA damage. These overlaps make the breast particularly susceptible to ionizing radiation and reinforce that these biological activities are important characteristics of carcinogens. Agents that increase these biological processes should be considered potential breast carcinogens, and predictive methods are needed to identify chemicals that increase these processes. Techniques are available to measure RONS, DNA damage and mutation, cell proliferation, and some inflammatory proteins or processes. Improved assays are needed to measure GI and chronic inflammation, as well as the interaction with hormonally driven development and proliferation. Several methods measure diverse epigenetic changes, but it is not clear which changes are relevant to breast cancer. In addition, most toxicological assays are not conducted in mammary tissue, and so it is a priority to evaluate if results from other tissues are generalizable to breast, or to conduct assays in breast tissue. Developing and applying these assays to identify exposures of concern will facilitate efforts to reduce subsequent breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Helm
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA, 02460, USA
| | - Ruthann A Rudel
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA, 02460, USA.
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11
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Abstract
The cell cycle is tightly regulated by cyclins and their catalytic moieties, the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Cyclin D1, in association with CDK4/6, acts as a mitogenic sensor and integrates extracellular mitogenic signals and cell cycle progression. When deregulated (overexpressed, accumulated, inappropriately located), cyclin D1 becomes an oncogene and is recognized as a driver of solid tumors and hemopathies. Recent studies on the oncogenic roles of cyclin D1 reported non-canonical functions dependent on the partners of cyclin D1 and its location within tumor cells or tissues. Support for these new functions was provided by various mouse models of oncogenesis. Finally, proteomic and transcriptomic data identified complex cyclin D1 networks. This review focuses on these aspects of cyclin D1 pathophysiology, which may be crucial for targeted therapy.Abbreviations: aa, amino acid; AR, androgen receptor; ATM, ataxia telangectasia mutant; ATR, ATM and Rad3-related; CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase; ChREBP, carbohydrate response element binding protein; CIP, CDK-interacting protein; CHK1/2, checkpoint kinase 1/2; CKI, CDK inhibitor; DDR, DNA damage response; DMP1, cyclin D-binding myb-like protein; DSB, double-strand DNA break; DNA-PK, DNA-dependent protein kinase; ER, estrogen receptor; FASN, fatty acid synthase; GSK3β, glycogen synthase-3β; HAT, histone acetyltransferase; HDAC, histone deacetylase; HK2, hexokinase 2; HNF4α, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α; HR, homologous recombination; IR, ionizing radiation; KIP, kinase inhibitory protein; MCL, mantle cell lymphoma; NHEJ, non-homologous end-joining; PCAF, p300/CREB binding-associated protein; PGC1α, PPARγ co-activator 1α; PEST, proline-glutamic acid-serine-threonine, PK, pyruvate kinase; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; RB1, retinoblastoma protein; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SRC, steroid receptor coactivator; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; TGFβ, transforming growth factor β; UPS, ubiquitin-proteasome system; USP22, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22; XPO1 (or CRM1) exportin 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guergana Tchakarska
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Lanxiang W, Bin W, Ge X, Yutang H, Chunjie W, Honghao Z. Long-term exposure of 4-hydroxyestradiol induces the cancer cell characteristics via upregulating CYP1B1 in MCF-10A cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:686-692. [PMID: 31364906 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1650146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Life-long estrogen exposure is one of the major risk factors in the development and progression of breast cancer. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms, by which chronic exposure to estrogen contributes to breast carcinogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of long-term exposure with 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2) on acquired cancer characteristics of human mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells. The possible regulators were further studied in chronic 4-OHE2-treated MCF-10A cells. We observed that MCF-10A cells long-term exposed to 4-OHE2 acquire the characteristics of cancer cells, such as enhanced cell growth, EMT properties, and increased migration and invasiveness. Moreover, the expression of CYP1B1 was significantly elevated in long-term 4-OHE2-treated MCF-10A cells. Block of CYP1B1 significantly reduced the cancer cell characteristics in long-term 4-OHE2-treated MCF-10A cells. Our results indicated that 4-OHE2 mediated enhanced cancer cell characteristics in mammary epithelial cells are an important key event for breast carcinogenesis process. CYP1B1 partially contributes to the 4-OHE2 induced cancer cell characteristics in MCF-10A cells. Targeting CYP1B1 might offer a new strategy for the treatment of estrogen-induced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Lanxiang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Wang Bin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xu Ge
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Huang Yutang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Wen Chunjie
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Zhou Honghao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University , Changsha , China
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13
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Di Sante G, Pagé J, Jiao X, Nawab O, Cristofanilli M, Skordalakes E, Pestell RG. Recent advances with cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: therapeutic agents for breast cancer and their role in immuno-oncology. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19:569-587. [PMID: 31219365 PMCID: PMC6834352 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1615889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Collaborative interactions between several diverse biological processes govern the onset and progression of breast cancer. These processes include alterations in cellular metabolism, anti-tumor immune responses, DNA damage repair, proliferation, anti-apoptotic signals, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, components of the non-coding genome or onco-mIRs, cancer stem cells and cellular invasiveness. The last two decades have revealed that each of these processes are also directly regulated by a component of the cell cycle apparatus, cyclin D1. Area covered: The current review is provided to update recent developments in the clinical application of cyclin/CDK inhibitors to breast cancer with a focus on the anti-tumor immune response. Expert opinion: The cyclin D1 gene encodes the regulatory subunit of a proline-directed serine-threonine kinase that phosphorylates several substrates. CDKs possess phosphorylation site selectivity, with the phosphate-acceptor residue preceding a proline. Several important proteins are substrates including all three retinoblastoma proteins, NRF1, GCN5, and FOXM1. Over 280 cyclin D3/CDK6 substrates have b\een identified. Given the diversity of substrates for cyclin/CDKs, and the altered thresholds for substrate phosphorylation that occurs during the cell cycle, it is exciting that small molecular inhibitors targeting cyclin D/CDK activity have encouraging results in specific tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Sante
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Pagé
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Woodbury, NY, USA
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - Omar Nawab
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, USA
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Woodbury, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Richard G Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, USA
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Woodbury, NY, USA
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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14
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Song R, Wei X, Wang Y, Hu S, Ba Y, Xiao X, Zhang J. Insulinoma-associated protein 1 controls nasopharyngeal carcinoma to radiotherapy by modulating cyclin D1-dependent DNA repair machinery. Carcinogenesis 2019; 41:326-333. [PMID: 31155641 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractInsulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1), a zinc finger transcriptional factor, is proven to be deregulated in several types of cancers. However, comprehension of the molecular mechanism of INSM1-mediated tumor progression remains poor. Here, we show that the radioresistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients have higher expressions of INSM1 that correlated with poor prognosis. Genetic manipulation of INSM1 expression sufficiently controls the response of NPC cells to irradiation (IR). Mechanistically, cells exposed to IR, increased intracellular INSM1 competitively disrupts the interaction of cyclin D1 and CDK4 resulting in cell survival by the cyclin D1-dependent DNA repair machinery. Moreover, knockdown of INSM1 sensitives NPC cells to IR in vivo and protects xenograft mice from mortality. Taken together, these results indicate that INSM1 modulates NPC to radiotherapy by controlling cyclin D1-dependent DNA repair machinery that could be manipulated as a novel molecular target for NPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xing Wei
- Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - You Wang
- Ophthalmic Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shousen Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yunpeng Ba
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiyan Xiao
- Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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15
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Sensitization of prostate cancer to radiation therapy: Molecules and pathways to target. Radiother Oncol 2018; 128:283-300. [PMID: 29929859 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is used to treat cancer by radiation-induced DNA damage. Despite the best efforts to eliminate cancer, some cancer cells survive irradiation, resulting in cancer progression or recurrence. Alteration in DNA damage repair pathways is common in cancers, resulting in modulation of their response to radiation. This article focuses on the recent findings about molecules and pathways that potentially can be targeted to sensitize prostate cancer cells to ionizing radiation, thereby achieving an improved therapeutic outcome.
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16
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Wang G, Gormley M, Qiao J, Zhao Q, Wang M, Di Sante G, Deng S, Dong L, Pestell T, Ju X, Casimiro MC, Addya S, Ertel A, Tozeren A, Li Q, Yu Z, Pestell RG. Cyclin D1-mediated microRNA expression signature predicts breast cancer outcome. Theranostics 2018; 8:2251-2263. [PMID: 29721077 PMCID: PMC5928887 DOI: 10.7150/thno.23877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Genetic classification of breast cancer based on the coding mRNA suggests the evolution of distinct subtypes. Whether the non-coding genome is altered concordantly with the coding genome and the mechanism by which the cell cycle directly controls the non-coding genome is poorly understood. Methods: Herein, the miRNA signature maintained by endogenous cyclin D1 in human breast cancer cells was defined. In order to determine the clinical significance of the cyclin D1-mediated miRNA signature, we defined a miRNA expression superset from 459 breast cancer samples. We compared the coding and non-coding genome of breast cancer subtypes. Results: Hierarchical clustering of human breast cancers defined four distinct miRNA clusters (G1-G4) associated with distinguishable relapse-free survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The cyclin D1-regulated miRNA signature included several oncomirs, was conserved in multiple breast cancer cell lines, was associated with the G2 tumor miRNA cluster, ERα+ status, better outcome and activation of the Wnt pathway. The coding and non-coding genome were discordant within breast cancer subtypes. Seed elements for cyclin D1-regulated miRNA were identified in 63 genes of the Wnt signaling pathway including DKK. Cyclin D1 restrained DKK1 via the 3'UTR. In vivo studies using inducible transgenics confirmed cyclin D1 induces Wnt-dependent gene expression. Conclusion: The non-coding genome defines breast cancer subtypes that are discordant with their coding genome subtype suggesting distinct evolutionary drivers within the tumors. Cyclin D1 orchestrates expression of a miRNA signature that induces Wnt/β-catenin signaling, therefore cyclin D1 serves both upstream and downstream of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxue Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Michael Gormley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10 th St. Philadelphia PA 19107
| | - Jing Qiao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Min Wang
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center and Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Suite, 222, Wynnewood, PA. 19096
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center and Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Suite, 222, Wynnewood, PA. 19096
| | - Shengqiong Deng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Tim Pestell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10 th St. Philadelphia PA 19107
| | - Xiaoming Ju
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10 th St. Philadelphia PA 19107
| | - Mathew C. Casimiro
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center and Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Suite, 222, Wynnewood, PA. 19096
| | - Sankar Addya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10 th St. Philadelphia PA 19107
| | - Adam Ertel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10 th St. Philadelphia PA 19107
| | - Ayden Tozeren
- Center for Integrated Bioinformatics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Systems and Health Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Qinchuan Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zuoren Yu
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center and Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Suite, 222, Wynnewood, PA. 19096
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Richard G. Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center and Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Suite, 222, Wynnewood, PA. 19096
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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17
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Yang Q, Lin W, Liu Z, Zhu J, Huang N, Cui Z, Han Z, Pan Q, Goel A, Sun F. RAP80 is an independent prognosis biomarker for the outcome of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:146. [PMID: 29396516 PMCID: PMC5833679 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most popular pathology of esophageal cancer (EC) in China, especially in Henan province, mid-east of China. Presently, targeting DNA damage repair (DDR) factors is a promising approach for cancer therapy. Our group has been focusing on exploring the DDR factors overexpressed in ESCC tissues to provide potential targets for therapies for many years. RAP80/UIMC1 (ubiquitin interaction motif containing 1), one of those DDR factors we tested, was highly overexpressed in ESCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, the RAP80 mRNA level was validated to be an independent prognosis biomarker for the overall survival time of ESCC patients. The following biological assays revealed that it promoted cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, inhibited cell apoptosis at both early and late stages, and participated in G2/M checkpoint regulation. Even though studies have reported that ATM phosphorylates RAP80 at different serine sites upon DNA damage, the reversal regulation of RAP80 on the activity of ATM has never been investigated. In the study, mechanism explorations revealed that RAP80 positively regulated the ATM activity via proteasome–ubiquitination pathway to promote the transition of G2/M phase in cell cycle. By examining a number of E3 ubiquitination ligases (Ub) and deubiquitination (DUb) enzymes, we found that RAP80 positively regulated the stability of USP13 to promote cell proliferation of EC cells. Moreover, inhibition of RAP80 greatly sensitized EC cells to ATM inhibitor KU-55933, triggering a potential combination of RAP80 inhibitors and ATM inhibitors to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of ESCC patients for the clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanrun Lin
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Central Hospital of Panyu, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiabei Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqi Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeping Han
- Department of Laboratory, Central Hospital of Panyu, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuhui Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Fusté NP, Castelblanco E, Felip I, Santacana M, Fernández-Hernández R, Gatius S, Pedraza N, Pallarés J, Cemeli T, Valls J, Tarres M, Ferrezuelo F, Dolcet X, Matias-Guiu X, Garí E. Characterization of cytoplasmic cyclin D1 as a marker of invasiveness in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:26979-91. [PMID: 27105504 PMCID: PMC5053626 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) is a proto-oncogen amplified in many different cancers and nuclear accumulation of Ccnd1 is a characteristic of tumor cells. Ccnd1 activates the transcription of a large set of genes involved in cell cycle progress and proliferation. However, Ccnd1 also targets cytoplasmic proteins involved in the regulation of cell migration and invasion. In this work, we have analyzed by immunohistochemistry the localization of Ccnd1 in endometrial, breast, prostate and colon carcinomas with different types of invasion. The number of cells displaying membranous or cytoplasmic Ccnd1 was significantly higher in peripheral cells than in inner cells in both collective and pushing invasion patterns of endometrial carcinoma, and in collective invasion pattern of colon carcinoma. Also, the cytoplasmic localization of Ccnd1 was higher when tumors infiltrated as single cells, budding or small clusters of cells. To evaluate cytoplasmic function of cyclin D1, we have built a variant (Ccnd1-CAAX) that remains attached to the cell membrane therefore sequestering this cyclin in the cytoplasm. Tumor cells harboring Ccnd1-CAAX showed high levels of invasiveness and metastatic potential compared to those containing the wild type allele of Ccnd1. However, Ccnd1-CAAX expression did not alter proliferative rates of tumor cells. We hypothesize that the role of Ccnd1 in the cytoplasm is mainly associated with the invasive capability of tumor cells. Moreover, we propose that subcellular localization of Ccnd1 is an interesting guideline to measure cancer outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel P Fusté
- Department of Cell Cycle, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences at University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Castelblanco
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics at Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isidre Felip
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences at University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Santacana
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics at Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rita Fernández-Hernández
- Department of Cell Cycle, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences at University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sònia Gatius
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics at Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Pedraza
- Department of Cell Cycle, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences at University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Judit Pallarés
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics at Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tània Cemeli
- Department of Cell Cycle, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences at University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Valls
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Unit of The Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marc Tarres
- Department of Cell Cycle, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences at University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francisco Ferrezuelo
- Department of Cell Cycle, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences at University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Dolcet
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences at University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences at University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics at Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eloi Garí
- Department of Cell Cycle, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences at University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
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19
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Liu Y, Xu X, Xu X, Li S, Liang Z, Hu Z, Wu J, Zhu Y, Jin X, Wang X, Lin Y, Chen H, Mao Y, Luo J, Zheng X, Xie L. MicroRNA-193a-3p inhibits cell proliferation in prostate cancer by targeting cyclin D1. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5121-5128. [PMID: 29142597 PMCID: PMC5666665 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that affect various biological processes by altering the expression of a target gene. An miRNA microarray analysis has previously revealed a significant decrease in miR-193a-3p levels in prostate cancer tissues compared with that in their benign prostate hyperplasia counterparts. However, the role of miR-193a-3p has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to evaluate the expression levels of miR-193a-3p in two human prostate cancer cell lines. Forced overexpression of miR-193a-3p was established by transfecting mimics into DU-145 and PC3 cell lines. Cell proliferation and the cell cycle were assessed using a cell viability assay, flow cytometry and a colony formation assay. In addition, the target gene of miR-193a-3p was determined by a luciferase assay, RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The regulation of the cell cycle by miR-193a-3p was also evaluated by western blotting. The results demonstrated that miR-193a-3p expression levels were lower in prostate cancer cell lines as compared with the RWPE normal prostate epithelium cell line. Subsequent gain-of-function studies revealed that stable miR-193a-3p transfection inhibited cell viability, proliferation and colony formation, and induced G1 phase arrest in prostate cancer cells. A luciferase assay and western blot analysis identified cyclin D1 (CCND1) as a direct target gene of miR-193a-3p. In addition, the forced expression of CCND1 was able to counter the inhibitory effects of miR-193a-3p transfection in the prostate cancer cells. In summary, the results suggest that miR-193a-3p may inhibit the viability, proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells by regulating the expression profile of CCND1, and that miR-193a-3p may be a novel therapeutic biomarker for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfu Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xianglai Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghui Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yeqing Mao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jindan Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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20
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Di Sante G, Di Rocco A, Pupo C, Casimiro MC, Pestell RG. Hormone-induced DNA damage response and repair mediated by cyclin D1 in breast and prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81803-81812. [PMID: 29137223 PMCID: PMC5669849 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle control proteins govern events that leads to the production of two identical daughter cells. Distinct sequential temporal phases, Gap 1 (G1), Gap 0 (G0), Synthesis (S), Gap 2 (G2) and Mitosis (M) are negotiated through a series of check points during which the favorability of the local cellular environment is assessed, prior to replicating DNA [1]. Cyclin D1 has been characterized as a key regulatory subunit of the holoenzyme that promotes the G1/S-phase transition through phosphorylating the pRB protein. Cyclin D1 overexpression is considered a driving force in several types of cancers and cdk inhibitors are being used effectively in the clinic for treatment of ERα+ breast cancer [1, 2]. Genomic DNA is assaulted by damaging ionizing radiation, chemical carcinogens, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are generated by cellular metabolism. Furthermore, specific hormones including estrogens [3, 4] and androgens [5] govern pathways that damage DNA. Defects in the DNA Damage Response (DDR) pathway can lead to genomic instability and cancer. Evidence is emerging that cyclin D1 bind proteins involved in DNA repair including BRCA1 [6], RAD51 [7], BRCA2 [8] and is involved in the DNA damage and DNA repair processes [7, 8]. Because the repair of damaged DNA appears to be an important and unexpected role for cyclin D1, and inhibitors of cyclin D1-dependent kinase activity are being used in the clinic, the latest findings on the role of cyclin D1 in mediating the DDR including the DDR induced by the hormones estrogen [9] and androgen [10, 11] is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Sante
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, PA, USA
| | - Agnese Di Rocco
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, PA, USA
| | - Claudia Pupo
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, PA, USA
| | - Mathew C Casimiro
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, PA, USA
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, PA, USA.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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21
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Sahadevan M, Lee O, Muzzio M, Phan B, Jacobs L, Khouri N, Wang J, Hu H, Stearns V, Chatterton RT. The relationship of single-strand breaks in DNA to breast cancer risk and to tissue concentrations of oestrogens. Biomarkers 2017; 22:689-697. [PMID: 28276926 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2017.1293736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Clinical study of breast cancer patients in Chicago, IL, USA. OBJECTIVE Ascertain the utility of measurements of single-strand breaks (SSB) in DNA for assessment of breast cancer risk. METHODS Fine-needle aspirates of the breast, SSB by nick translation, percent breast density (PBD), Gail model risk, cumulative methylation index (CMI), enzymes of DNA repair and tissue antioxidants. RESULTS DNA repair enzymes and 4-hydroxyestradiol were negatively associated with SSB; CMI and PBD were positively associated. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative measurement of SSBs by this procedure indicates the relative number of SSBs and is related to promoter methylation, antioxidant availability and percent breast density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathavi Sahadevan
- a Department of Surgery , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Oukseub Lee
- a Department of Surgery , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Miguel Muzzio
- b Analytical Chemistry Division , IIT Research Institute , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Belinda Phan
- a Department of Surgery , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Lisa Jacobs
- c Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Breast Cancer Program, Kimmel Cancer Center , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Nagi Khouri
- c Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Breast Cancer Program, Kimmel Cancer Center , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Jun Wang
- a Department of Surgery , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Hong Hu
- a Department of Surgery , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Vered Stearns
- c Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Breast Cancer Program, Kimmel Cancer Center , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Robert T Chatterton
- d Departments of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Physiology, and Pathology , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.,e Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
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22
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Cyclin D1 silencing suppresses tumorigenicity, impairs DNA double strand break repair and thus radiosensitizes androgen-independent prostate cancer cells to DNA damage. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5383-400. [PMID: 26689991 PMCID: PMC4868693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) have higher biochemical failure rates following radiation therapy (RT). Cyclin D1 deregulated expression in PCa is associated with a more aggressive disease: however its role in radioresistance has not been determined. Cyclin D1 levels in the androgen-independent PC3 and 22Rv1 PCa cells were stably inhibited by infecting with cyclin D1-shRNA. Tumorigenicity and radiosensitivity were investigated using in vitro and in vivo experimental assays. Cyclin D1 silencing interfered with PCa oncogenic phenotype by inducing growth arrest in the G1 phase of cell cycle and reducing soft agar colony formation, migration, invasion in vitro and tumor formation and neo-angiogenesis in vivo. Depletion of cyclin D1 significantly radiosensitizes PCa cells by increasing the RT-induced DNA damages by affecting the NHEJ and HR pathways responsible of the DNA double-strand break repair. Following treatment of cells with RT the abundance of a biomarker of DNA damage, γ-H2AX, was dramatically increased in sh-cyclin D1 treated cells compared to shRNA control. Concordant with these observations DNA-PKcs-activation and RAD51-accumulation, part of the DNA double-strand break repair machinery, were reduced in shRNA-cyclin D1 treated cells compared to shRNA control. We further demonstrate the physical interaction between CCND1 with activated-ATM, -DNA-PKcs and RAD51 is enhanced by RT. Finally, siRNA-mediated silencing experiments indicated DNA-PKcs and RAD51 are downstream targets of CCND1-mediated PCa cells radioresistance. In summary, these observations suggest that CCND1 is a key mediator of PCa radioresistance and could represent a potential target for radioresistant hormone-resistant PCa.
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23
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Fusté NP, Fernández-Hernández R, Cemeli T, Mirantes C, Pedraza N, Rafel M, Torres-Rosell J, Colomina N, Ferrezuelo F, Dolcet X, Garí E. Cytoplasmic cyclin D1 regulates cell invasion and metastasis through the phosphorylation of paxillin. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11581. [PMID: 27181366 PMCID: PMC4873647 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) together with its binding partner Cdk4 act as a transcriptional regulator to control cell proliferation and migration, and abnormal Ccnd1·Cdk4 expression promotes tumour growth and metastasis. While different nuclear Ccnd1·Cdk4 targets participating in cell proliferation and tissue development have been identified, little is known about how Ccnd1·Cdk4 controls cell adherence and invasion. Here, we show that the focal adhesion component paxillin is a cytoplasmic substrate of Ccnd1·Cdk4. This complex phosphorylates a fraction of paxillin specifically associated to the cell membrane, and promotes Rac1 activation, thereby triggering membrane ruffling and cell invasion in both normal fibroblasts and tumour cells. Our results demonstrate that localization of Ccnd1·Cdk4 to the cytoplasm does not simply act to restrain cell proliferation, but constitutes a functionally relevant mechanism operating under normal and pathological conditions to control cell adhesion, migration and metastasis through activation of a Ccnd1·Cdk4-paxillin-Rac1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel P Fusté
- Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rita Fernández-Hernández
- Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tània Cemeli
- Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Mirantes
- Oncopathology Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Pedraza
- Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Rafel
- Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Torres-Rosell
- Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Colomina
- Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francisco Ferrezuelo
- Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Dolcet
- Oncopathology Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eloi Garí
- Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
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24
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Paradoxical roles of cyclin D1 in DNA stability. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 42:56-62. [PMID: 27155130 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of DNA integrity is vital for all of the living organisms. Consequence of DNA damaging ranges from, introducing harmless synonymous mutations, to causing disease-associated mutations, genome instability, and cell death. A cell cycle protein cyclin D1 is an established cancer-driving protein. However, contribution of cyclin D1 to cancer formation and cancer survival is not entirely known. In cancer tissues, overexpression of cyclin D1 is associated with both cancer genome instability, and resistance to DNA-damaging cancer drugs. Emerging evidence indicated that cyclin D1 may play novel direct roles in regulating DNA repair. Here we provide an insight how cyclin D1 expression may contribute to DNA repair and chromosome instability, and how these functions may facilitate cancer formation, and drug resistance.
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25
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Su H, Jin X, Shen L, Fang Y, Fei Z, Zhang X, Xie C, Chen X. Inhibition of cyclin D1 enhances sensitivity to radiotherapy and reverses epithelial to mesenchymal transition for esophageal cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5355-63. [PMID: 26561473 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired radioresistance during radiotherapy has significantly affected the treatment efficacy in esophageal cancer. Many of radioresistant cancer cells demonstrated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).We found in previous study that a radioresistant cell line (KYSE-150R) possessed EMT characteristic with cyclin D1 overexpression. Cyclin D1 has been demonstrated to affect the radiation sensitivity in cancer cells. To elucidate the molecular functions of cyclin D1 on EMT phenotypes and esophageal cancer radiosensitivity, we treated the radioresistant esophageal cancer cells (KYSE-150R) and parental cells (KYSE-150) with cyclin D1 small interfering RNA (siRNA). The cell proliferation rate of KYSE-150R and the radiation survival fraction were significantly decreased in cyclin D1 siRNA treatment group. Knocking down cyclin D1 resulted in G0/G1 arrest in KYSE-150R cells. The average number of irradiation-induced γ-H2AX foci increased in the cells treated with cyclin D1 siRNA, indicating impaired DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in KYSE-150R cells. Cyclin D1 also reversed EMT phenotypes with significantly increased expression of E-cadherin in KYSE-150R cells. However, cyclin D1 siRNA have no radiosensitizing effects on KYSE-150 cells, with no obvious change in EMT marker expression .Our work showed that EMT phenotypes can be reduced and the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells can be enhanced by inhibiting cyclin D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafang Su
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiance Jin
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Lanxiao Shen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Ya Fang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhenghua Fei
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xuebang Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Congying Xie
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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26
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Cyclin D1 promotes BRCA2-Rad51 interaction by restricting cyclin A/B-dependent BRCA2 phosphorylation. Oncogene 2015; 35:2815-23. [PMID: 26387543 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BRCA2 has an important role in the maintenance of genome stability by interacting with RAD51 recombinase through its C-terminal domain. This interaction is abrogated by cyclin A-CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of BRCA2 at serine 3291 (Ser3291). Recently, we showed that cyclin D1 facilitates RAD51 recruitment to BRCA2-containing DNA repair foci, and that downregulation of cyclin D1 leads to inefficient homologous-mediated DNA repair. Here, we demonstrate that cyclin D1, via amino acids 20-90, interacts with the C-terminal domain of BRCA2, and that this interaction is increased in response to DNA damage. Interestingly, CDK4-cyclin D1 does not phosphorylate Ser3291. Instead, cyclin D1 bars cyclin A from the C-terminus of BRCA2, prevents cyclin A-CDK2-dependent Ser3291 phosphorylation and facilitates RAD51 binding to the C-terminal domain of BRCA2. These findings indicate that the interplay between cyclin D1 and other cyclins such as cyclin A regulates DNA integrity through RAD51 interaction with the BRCA2 C-terminal domain.
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27
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Kim SH, Madak-Erdogan Z, Bae SC, Carlson KE, Mayne CG, Granick S, Katzenellenbogen BS, Katzenellenbogen JA. Ligand Accessibility and Bioactivity of a Hormone-Dendrimer Conjugate Depend on pH and pH History. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10326-35. [PMID: 26186415 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen conjugates with a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer have shown remarkably selective regulation of the nongenomic actions of estrogens in target cells. In response to pH changes, however, these estrogen-dendrimer conjugates (EDCs) display a major morphological transition that alters the accessibility of the estrogen ligands that compromises the bioactivity of the EDC. A sharp break in dynamic behavior near pH 7 occurs for three different ligands on the surface of a PAMAM-G6 dendrimer: a fluorophore (tetramethylrhodamine [TMR]) and two estrogens (17α-ethynylestradiol and diphenolic acid). Collisional quenching and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy experiments with TMR-PAMAM revealed high ligand shielding above pH 7 and low shielding below pH 7. Furthermore, when the pH was cycled from 8.5 (conditions of ligand-PAMAM conjugation) to 4.5 (e.g., endosome/lysosome) and through 6.5 (e.g., hypoxic environment) back to pH 8.5, the 17α-ethynylestradiol- and diphenolic acid-PAMAM conjugates experienced a dramatic, irreversible loss in cell stimulatory activity; dynamic NMR studies indicated that the hormonal ligands had become occluded within the more hydrophobic core of the PAMAM dendrimer. Thus, the active state of these estrogen-dendrimer conjugates appears to be metastable. This pH-dependent irreversible masking of activity is of considerable relevance to the design of drug conjugates with amine-bearing PAMAM dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sung Chul Bae
- §IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter and UNIST, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea
| | | | | | - Steve Granick
- §IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter and UNIST, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea
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28
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Sun X, Tang SC, Xu C, Wang C, Qin S, Du N, Liu J, Zhang Y, Li X, Luo G, Zhou J, Xu F, Ren H. DICER1 regulated let-7 expression levels in p53-induced cancer repression requires cyclin D1. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1357-65. [PMID: 25702703 PMCID: PMC4459849 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Let-7 miRNAs act as tumour suppressors by directly binding to the 3′UTRs of downstream gene products. The regulatory role of let-7 in downstream gene expression has gained much interest in the cancer research community, as it controls multiple biological functions and determines cell fates. For example, one target of the let-7 family is cyclin D1, which promotes G0/S cell cycle progression and oncogenesis, was correlated with endoribonuclease DICER1, another target of let-7. Down-regulated let-7 has been identified in many types of tumours, suggesting a feedback loop may exist between let-7 and cyclin D1. A potential player in the proposed feedback relationship is Dicer, a central regulator of miRNA expression through sequence-specific silencing. We first identified that DICER1 is the key downstream gene for cyclin D1-induced let-7 expression. In addition, we found that let-7 miRNAs expression decreased because of the p53-induced cell death response, with deregulated cyclin D1. Our results also showed that cyclin D1 is required for Nutlin-3 and TAX-induced let-7 expression in cancer repression and the cell death response. For the first time, we provide evidence that let-7 and cyclin D1 form a feedback loop in regulating therapy response of cancer cells and cancer stem cells, and importantly, that alteration of let-7 expression, mainly caused by cyclin D1, is a sensitive indicator for better chemotherapies response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Oncology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shou-Ching Tang
- Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA.,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chongwen Xu
- Oncology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nankai District, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sida Qin
- Oncology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ning Du
- Oncology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Oncology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Oncology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Oncology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Oncology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Breast Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Radioation Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Oncology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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29
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Shimura T, Kobayashi J, Komatsu K, Kunugita N. DNA damage signaling guards against perturbation of cyclin D1 expression triggered by low-dose long-term fractionated radiation. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e132. [PMID: 25486524 PMCID: PMC4275562 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 expression is precisely controlled during cell-cycle progression. However, repeated exposure to low-dose fractionated radiation (FR) abrogates cell cycle-dependent cyclin D1 degradation by constitutive activation of AKT survival signaling in normal human fibroblasts. The resulting abnormal nuclear cyclin D1 accumulation induces defects in DNA replication and resulting DNA double-strand breaks, and is associated with induction of genomic instability in low-dose irradiated cells. Here, we investigated the role of DNA damage signaling against such perturbed cell-cycle control of cyclin D1 expression. Nuclear cyclin D1 accumulation was induced within 7 days after low-dose FR (0.01 Gy or 0.05 Gy per fraction) in ATM-deficient cells (AT5BIVA), but appeared later in AT5BIVA cells harboring human ATM cDNA. Thus, ATM prevents abnormal nuclear cyclin D1 accumulation at early time points after low-dose FR. We further demonstrated that ATM-mediated downregulation of protein phosphatase 2A activity caused activation of the AKT/cyclin D1 pathway after long-term FR. Perturbation of cyclin D1 expression induced Rad51 foci that indicate homologous recombination repair (HRR) in control cells, while ATM- and NBS1-deficient cells (GM7166) failed to induce Rad51 foci after long-term low-dose FR. After 21 days of FR, NBS1- and ATM-deficient cells showed a decrease in nuclear cyclin D1-positive cells, and an increase in apoptotic cells. Similarly, inhibition of ATM with KU55933 abrogated nuclear cyclin D1 accumulation by induction of apoptosis in ATM-complemented cells exposed to low-dose FR. In conclusion, we here demonstrate that ATM is involved in controlling cyclin D1 levels after low-dose FR. DNA damage signaling mitigates the harmful effects of low-dose long-term FR by suppression of cell death induced by perturbation of cyclin D1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimura
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - J Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Komatsu
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - N Kunugita
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
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