1
|
Liu JJ, Pan ZD, Yue YL, Wang SS, Chen J, Jiang H, Zhang BH, Wu MY, Yuan YS, Bian YL, Yin HY, Wang L, Li JY, Gilly J, Xie YQ, Zhu JW. T cell-redirecting antibody for treatment of solid tumors via targeting mesothelin. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:2186-2198. [PMID: 38858494 PMCID: PMC11420237 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell engaging bispecific antibodies (TCBs) have recently become significant in cancer treatment. In this study we developed MSLN490, a novel TCB designed to target mesothelin (MSLN), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked glycoprotein highly expressed in various cancers, and evaluated its efficacy against solid tumors. CDR walking and phage display techniques were used to improve affinity of the parental antibody M912, resulting in a pool of antibodies with different affinities to MSLN. From this pool, various bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) were assembled. Notably, MSLN490 with its IgG-[L]-scFv structure displayed remarkable anti-tumor activity against MSLN-expressing tumors (EC50: 0.16 pM in HT-29-hMSLN cells). Furthermore, MSLN490 remained effective even in the presence of non-membrane-anchored MSLN (soluble MSLN). Moreover, the anti-tumor activity of MSLN490 was enhanced when combined with either Atezolizumab or TAA × CD28 BsAbs. Notably, a synergistic effect was observed between MSLN490 and paclitaxel, as paclitaxel disrupted the immunosuppressive microenvironment within solid tumors, enhancing immune cells infiltration and improved anti-tumor efficacy. Overall, MSLN490 exhibits robust anti-tumor activity, resilience to soluble MSLN interference, and enhanced anti-tumor effects when combined with other therapies, offering a promising future for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. This study provides a strong foundation for further exploration of MSLN490's clinical potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhi-di Pan
- Jecho Institute, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ya-Li Yue
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | | | - Jie Chen
- Jecho Institute, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Jecho Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
- Jecho Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Bao-Hong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan-Lin Bian
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | | | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun-Yan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - John Gilly
- Jecho Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Yue-Qing Xie
- Jecho Institute, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Jecho Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21704, USA.
| | - Jian-Wei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Jecho Institute, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Jecho Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21704, USA.
- Jecho Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300450, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tahara S, Nojima S, Takashima T, Okuzaki D, Morii E. Mesothelin promotes the migration of endometrioid carcinoma and is associated with the MELF pattern. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 262:155562. [PMID: 39182448 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is expressed in the mesothelium in normal tissues but is overexpressed in various malignant tumors. In this study, we searched for genes that were more frequently expressed in cases of endometrioid carcinoma (EC) with the MELF (microcystic, elongated, and fragmented) pattern using laser microdissection and RNA sequencing, and found that MSLN was predominantly expressed in cases with the MELF pattern. The role of MSLN in EC was analyzed by generating MSLN-knockout and -knockdown EC cell lines. MSLN promoted migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, we found that cadherin-6 (CDH6) expression was regulated by MSLN. MSLN is known to bind to cancer antigen 125 (CA125), and we found that CA125 can regulate CDH6 expression via MSLN. Immunohistochemical investigations showed that MSLN, CA125, and CDH6 expression levels were considerably elevated in EC with the MELF pattern. The expression of CA125 was similar to that of MSLN not only in terms of immunohistochemical staining intensity but also the blood level of CA125. Our results showed that MSLN contributes to the migration and EMT of EC cells through upstream CA125 and downstream CDH6. Therefore, MSLN has potential as a therapeutic target for EC with the MELF pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Tahara
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takashima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Single Cell Genomics, Human Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nabeta R, Kanaya A, Shimada K, Matsuura K, Yoshimura A, Oyamada T, Azakami D, Furuya T, Uchide T. Characterization of mesothelin gene expression in dogs and overexpression in canine mesotheliomas. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1436621. [PMID: 39315086 PMCID: PMC11417096 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1436621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Canine mesotheliomas are uncommon malignant tumors typically detected late. Minimally invasive diagnostic biomarkers would facilitate diagnosis at earlier stages, thereby improving clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that mesothelin could be used as a reliable diagnostic biomarker for canine mesotheliomas since it has been used as a cancer biomarker for human mesothelioma. We aimed to explore and characterize mesothelin gene expression in dogs and assess its use as a diagnostic biomarker for canine mesotheliomas. Materials and methods We quantified expressed canine mesothelin transcripts via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequenced them using ribonucleic acid (RNA) extracted from a canine mesothelioma cell line. After confirming mesothelin expression, we assessed its levels in major organ tissues and compared them with those in the mesothelioma tissues using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Mesothelin overexpression in mesotheliomas was detected, and we further compared its levels using qPCR between mesotheliomas and non-mesotheliomas using tumor tissues and clinical sample effusions, confirming its significance as a diagnostic biomarker for canine mesothelioma. Results Mesothelin complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) was amplified via RT-PCR, yielding a single band of expected upon DNA electrophoresis. Sequence analyses confirmed it as a predicted canine mesothelin transcript from the genome sequence database. Comparative sequence analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of the expressed canine mesothelin demonstrated molecular signature similarities with the human mesothelin. However, the pre-sequence of canine mesothelin lacks the mature megakaryocyte potentiating factor (MPF) portion, which is typically cleaved post-translationally with furin. Mesothelin expression was quantified via qPCR revealing low levels in the mesothelial and lung tissues, with negligible expression in the other major organs. Canine mesothelin exhibited significantly higher expression in the canine mesotheliomas than in the noncancerous tissues. Moreover, analysis of clinical samples using qPCR demonstrated markedly elevated mesothelin expression in canine mesotheliomas compared to non-mesothelioma cases. Discussion and conclusion Canine mesothelin exhibits molecular and biological characteristics akin to human mesothelin. It could serve as a vital biomarker for diagnosing canine mesotheliomas, applicable to both tissue- and effusion-based samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Nabeta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ami Kanaya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Kazumi Shimada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Matsuura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Aritada Yoshimura
- Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Oyamada
- Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Daigo Azakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncoogy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Furuya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Uchide
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Drougkas K, Karampinos K, Karavolias I, Gomatou G, Koumprentziotis IA, Ploumaki I, Triantafyllou E, Kotteas E. CAR-T Cell Therapy in Pancreatic and Biliary Tract Cancers: An Updated Review of Clinical Trials. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024; 55:990-1003. [PMID: 38695995 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-024-01054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic and biliary tract cancers are digestive system tumors with dismal prognosis and limited treatment options. The effectiveness of conventional surgical interventions, radiation therapy, and systemic therapy is restricted in these cases. Furthermore, clinical trials have shown that immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors has only demonstrated modest clinical results when applied to patients with pancreatobiliary tumors. This highlights the importance of implementing combination immunotherapy approaches or exploring alternative therapeutic strategies to improve treatment outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the relevant literature on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for pancreatobiliary cancers from PubMed/Medline and ClinicalTrials.gov and retrieved the relevant data accordingly. Attention was additionally given to the examination of grey literature with the aim of obtaining additional details regarding ongoing clinical trials. We mainly focused on abstracts and presentations and e-posters and slides of recent important annual meetings (namely ESMO Immuno-Oncology Congress, ESMO Congress, ASCO Virtual Scientific Program, ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium). RESULTS CAR-T cell therapy has emerged as a promising and evolving treatment approach for pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. This form of adoptive cell therapy utilizes genetic engineering to modify the expression of specific antibodies on the surface of T cells enabling them to target specific cancer-associated antigens and to induce potent anti-tumor activity. The aim of this review is to provide an updated summary of the available evidence from clinical trials that have explored the application of CAR-T cell therapy in treating pancreatobiliary cancers. CONCLUSIONS While the utilization of CAR-T cell therapy in pancreatobiliary cancers is still in its initial phases with only a limited amount of clinical data available, the field is advancing rapidly, incorporating novel technologies to mitigate potential toxicities and enhance antigen-directed tumor eradication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Drougkas
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Karampinos
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Karavolias
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Gomatou
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis-Alexios Koumprentziotis
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Ioanna Ploumaki
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymios Triantafyllou
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Kotteas
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mansfield AS, Vivien Yin J, Bradbury P, Kwiatkowski DJ, Patel S, Bazhenova LA, Forde P, Lou Y, Dizona P, Villaruz LC, Arnold SM, Khalil M, Kindler HL, Koczywas M, Pacheco J, Rolfo C, Xia B, Mikula E, Chen L, Patel K, Smith KER, Cao L, Shapiro G, Costello BA, Adjei A, Sharon E, Moscow JA, Zamboni W, Hassan R. Randomized trial of anetumab ravtansine and pembrolizumab compared to pembrolizumab for mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 2024; 195:107928. [PMID: 39197359 PMCID: PMC11416719 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.107928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The mesothelin-targeting antibody-drug conjugate anetumab ravtansine was evaluated in combination with the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor pembrolizumab based on the common expression of mesothelin and reports of activity in mesothelioma. PATIENTS AND METHODS A phase 1 safety run-in of the combination of anetumab ravtansine (6.5 mg/kg iv q3weeks) and pembrolizumab (200 mg, IV q3weeks) was conducted, followed by a phase 2 randomization to the combination or pembrolizumab alone at medical centers across the United States and Canada in the National Cancer Institute's Experimental Therapeutics Clinical Trials Network. Patients with pleural mesothelioma that expressed mesothelin and had previously received platinum-based therapy were eligible. RESULTS In phase 1 (n = 12) only one dose limiting toxicity was observed and the rules for dose reduction were not met. In phase 2, there was no difference in the confirmed response rates between the combination group (n = 18, 2 partial responses [PR], 11 %) and the pembrolizumab group (n = 17, 1 PR, 6 %; z = -0.5523, p = 0.29116). The median PFS was 12.2 months (95 % CI 5.1-not evaluable [NE]) for the combination, and 3.9 months for pembrolizumab (95 % CI 2.1-NE)(HR=0.55, p = 0.20). Patients with high baseline levels of soluble mesothelin who received anetumab ravtansine had a median PFS of 5 months. CONCLUSIONS The numeric difference in PFS between treatment groups was not statistically significant, likely related to a smaller than planned sample size. High levels of soluble mesothelin should potentially be considered to select against the use of mesothelin-targeting therapies in development that are neutralized by soluble mesothelin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Vivien Yin
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Penelope Bradbury
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.
| | | | - Shiven Patel
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Lyudmila A Bazhenova
- University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Patrick Forde
- Johns Hopkins, 300 Mason Lord Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Yanyan Lou
- Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Paul Dizona
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Liza C Villaruz
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
| | - Susanne M Arnold
- Markey Cancer Center, 1000 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Maya Khalil
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6(th) Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Hedy L Kindler
- University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | | | - Jose Pacheco
- University of Colorado Anschutz Cancer Center, 1665 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Christian Rolfo
- University of Maryland, 7901 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Bing Xia
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | | | - Li Chen
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, 301 Pharmacy Lane, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Kashish Patel
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, 301 Pharmacy Lane, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | | | - Liang Cao
- National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Geoffrey Shapiro
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | | - Alex Adjei
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Elad Sharon
- National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Jeffrey A Moscow
- National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - William Zamboni
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, 301 Pharmacy Lane, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Raffit Hassan
- National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Roca E, Aujayeb A, Astoul P. Diagnosis of Pleural Mesothelioma: Is Everything Solved at the Present Time? Curr Oncol 2024; 31:4968-4983. [PMID: 39329996 PMCID: PMC11430569 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31090368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ranked high in worldwide growing health issues, pleural diseases affect approximately one million people globally per year and are often correlated with a poor prognosis. Among these pleural diseases, malignant pleural mesothelioma (PM), a neoplastic disease mainly due to asbestos exposure, still remains a diagnostic challenge. Timely diagnosis is imperative to define the most suitable therapeutic approach for the patient, but the choice of diagnostic modalities depends on operator experience and local facilities while bearing in mind the yield of each diagnostic procedure. Since the analysis of pleural fluid cytology is not sufficient in differentiating historical features in PM, histopathological and morphological features obtained via tissue biopsies are fundamental. The quality of biopsy samples is crucial and often requires highly qualified expertise. Since adequate tissue biopsy is essential, medical or video-assisted thoracoscopy (MT or VATS) is proposed as the most suitable approach, with the former being a physician-led procedure. Indeed, MT is the diagnostic gold standard for malignant pleural pathologies. Moreover, this medical or surgical approach can allow diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: it provides the possibility of video-assisted biopsies, the drainage of high volumes of pleural fluid and the administration of sterile calibrated talcum powder under visual control in order to achieve pleurodesis, placement of indwelling pleural catheters if required and in a near future potential intrapleural therapy. In this context, dedicated diagnostic pathways remain a crucial need, especially to quickly and properly diagnose PM. Lastly, the interdisciplinary approach and multidisciplinary collaboration should always be implemented in order to direct the patient to the best customised diagnostic and therapeutic pathway. At the present time, the diagnosis of PM remains an unsolved problem despite MDT (multidisciplinary team) meetings, mainly because of the lack of standardised diagnostic work-up. This review aims to provide an overview of diagnostic procedures in order to propose a clear strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Roca
- Thoracic Oncology, Lung Unit, P. Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera Del Garda, VR, Italy;
| | - Avinash Aujayeb
- Respiratory Department, Northumbria Health Care NHS Foundation Trust, Care of Gail Hewitt, Newcastle NE23 6NZ, UK;
| | - Philippe Astoul
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Pleural Diseases and Interventional Pulmonology, North Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Chemin des Bourrely, 13005 Marseille, France
- La Timone Campus, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen Q, Sun Y, Li H. Application of CAR-T cell therapy targeting mesothelin in solid tumor treatment. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:289. [PMID: 39023820 PMCID: PMC11258118 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy is one of the most effective immunotherapies. CAR-T-cell therapy has achieved great success in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, due to the characteristics of solid malignant tumors, such as on-target effects, off-tumor toxicity, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and insufficient trafficking, CAR-T-cell therapy for solid tumors is still in the exploration stage. Mesothelin (MSLN) is a molecule expressed on the surface of various solid malignant tumor cells that is suitable as a target of tumor cells with high MSLN expression for CAR-T-cell therapy. This paper briefly described the development of CAR-T cell therapy and the structural features of MSLN, and especially summarized the strategies of structure optimization of MSLN-targeting CAR-T-cells and the enhancement methods of MSLN-targeting CAR-T cell anti-tumor efficacy by summarizing some preclinical experiment and clinical trials. When considering MSLN-targeting CAR-T-cell therapy as an example, this paper summarizes the efforts made by researchers in CAR-T-cell therapy for solid tumors and summarizes feasible treatment plans by integrating the existing research results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fenis A, Demaria O, Gauthier L, Vivier E, Narni-Mancinelli E. New immune cell engagers for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:471-486. [PMID: 38273127 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
There have been major advances in the immunotherapy of cancer in recent years, including the development of T cell engagers - antibodies engineered to redirect T cells to recognize and kill cancer cells - for the treatment of haematological malignancies. However, the field still faces several challenges to develop agents that are consistently effective in a majority of patients and cancer types, such as optimizing drug dose, overcoming treatment resistance and improving efficacy in solid tumours. A new generation of T cell-targeted molecules was developed to tackle these issues that are potentially more effective and safer. In addition, agents designed to engage the antitumour activities of other immune cells, including natural killer cells and myeloid cells, are showing promise and have the potential to treat a broader range of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Fenis
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Demaria
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Gauthier
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille Immunopôle, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Narni-Mancinelli
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen X, Zhao X, Mou X, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Huang J, Liu Y, Wang F, Zhang M, Wang L, Gu W, Zhang Y. PD-1-CD28-enhanced receptor and CD19 CAR-modified tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes produce potential anti-tumor ability in solid tumors. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116800. [PMID: 38788547 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The limited expansion ability and functional inactivation of T cells within the solid tumor microenvironment are major problems faced during in the application of using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in vivo. We sought to determine whether TILs carrying a PD-1-CD28-enhanced receptor and CD19 CAR could overcome this limitation and mediate tumor regression. First, anti-tumor effects of PD-1-CD28-enhanced receptor or CD19 CAR modified NY-ESO-1-TCR-T cells to mimic the TILs function (hereafter "PD-1-CD28-TCR-T" or "CD19 CAR-TCR-T" cells, respectively) were tested using the NY-ESO-1 over-expressed tumor cell line in vitro and in a tumor-bearing model. Furthermore, the safety and anti-tumor ability of S-TILs (TILs modified through transduction with a plasmid encoding the PD-1-CD28-T2A-CD19 CAR) were evaluated in vivo. PD-1-CD28-TCR-T cells showed a formidable anti-tumor ability that was not subject to PD-1/PD-L1 signaling in vivo. CD19 CAR-TCR-T cells stimulated with CD19+ B cells exhibited powerful expansion and anti-tumor abilities both in vitro and in vivo. Three patients with refractory solid tumors received S-TILs infusion. No treatment-related mortality was observed, and none of the patients experienced serious side effects. One patient with melanoma achieved a partial response, and two patients with colon or kidney cancer achieved long-term stable disease following S-TILs therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing the safety and efficacy of the adoptive transfer of autologous S-TILs to control disease in patients with advanced cancers, suggesting that S-TILs may be a promising alternative therapy for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Chen
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xiaoning Mou
- Chineo Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Chineo Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jianmin Huang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Weiyue Gu
- Chineo Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Engineering Key Laboratory for Cell Therapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bertoli E, De Carlo E, Bortolot M, Stanzione B, Del Conte A, Spina M, Bearz A. Targeted Therapy in Mesotheliomas: Uphill All the Way. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1971. [PMID: 38893092 PMCID: PMC11171080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive and lethal disease with few therapeutic opportunities. Platinum-pemetrexed chemotherapy is the backbone of first-line treatment for MM. The introduction of immunotherapy (IO) has been the only novelty of the last decades, allowing an increase in survival compared to standard chemotherapy (CT). However, IO is not approved for epithelioid histology in many countries. Therefore, therapy for relapsed MM remains an unmet clinical need, and the prognosis of MM remains poor, with an average survival of only 18 months. Increasing evidence reveals MM complexity and heterogeneity, of which histological classification fails to explain. Thus, scientific focus on possibly new molecular markers or cellular targets is increasing, together with the search for target therapies directed towards them. The molecular landscape of MM is characterized by inactivating tumor suppressor alterations, the most common of which is found in CDKN2A, BAP1, MTAP, and NF2. In addition, cellular targets such as mesothelin or metabolic enzymes such as ASS1 could be potentially amenable to specific therapies. This review examines the major targets and relative attempts of therapeutic approaches to provide an overview of the potential prospects for treating this rare neoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bertoli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Elisa De Carlo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Martina Bortolot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Brigida Stanzione
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Alessandro Del Conte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Michele Spina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Alessandra Bearz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu Y, Wang K, Yue L, Zuo D, Sheng J, Lan S, Zhao Z, Dong S, Hu S, Chen X, Feng M. Mesothelin CAR-T cells expressing tumor-targeted immunocytokine IL-12 yield durable efficacy and fewer side effects. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107186. [PMID: 38641176 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cell therapy has achieved remarkable efficacy in treating hematological malignancies, but it confronts many challenges in treating solid tumors, such as the immunosuppressive microenvironment of the solid tumors. These factors reduce the antitumor activity of CAR-T cells in clinical trials. Therefore, we used the immunocytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) to enhance the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy. In this study, we engineered CAR-IL12R54 T cells that targeted mesothelin (MSLN) and secreted a single-chain IL-12 fused to a scFv fragment R54 that recognized a different epitope on mesothelin. The evaluation of the anti-tumor activity of the CAR-IL12R54 T cells alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody in vitro and in vivo was followed by the exploration of the functional mechanism by which the immunocytokine IL-12 enhanced the antitumor activity. CAR-IL12R54 T cells had potency to lyse mesothelin positive tumor cells in vitro. In vivo studies demonstrated that CAR-IL12R54 T cells were effective in controlling the growth of established tumors in a xenograft mouse model with fewer side effects than CAR-T cells that secreted naked IL-12. Furthermore, combination of PD-1 blockade antibody with CAR-IL12R54 T cells elicited durable anti-tumor responses. Mechanistic studies showed that IL12R54 enhanced Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production and dampened the activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs). IL12R54 also upregulated CXCR6 expression in the T cells through the NF-κB pathway, which facilitated T cell infiltration and persistence in the tumor tissues. In summary, the studies provide a good therapeutic option for the clinical treatment of solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuankui Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Linghe Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dianbao Zuo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Junfeng Sheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Sina Lan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shuang Dong
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Mingqian Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li X, Zhu Y, Yi J, Deng Y, Lei B, Ren H. Adoptive cell immunotherapy for breast cancer: harnessing the power of immune cells. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:866-881. [PMID: 37949484 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm worldwide, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies owing to the limitations posed by conventional treatment modalities. Immunotherapy is an innovative approach that has demonstrated significant efficacy in modulating a patient's innate immune system to combat tumor cells. In the era of precision medicine, adoptive immunotherapy for breast cancer has garnered widespread attention as an emerging treatment strategy, primarily encompassing cellular therapies such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, chimeric antigen receptor T/natural killer/M cell therapy, T cell receptor gene-engineered T cell therapy, lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy, cytokine-induced killer cell therapy, natural killer cell therapy, and γδ T cell therapy, among others. This treatment paradigm is based on the principles of immune memory and antigen specificity, involving the collection, processing, and expansion of the patient's immune cells, followed by their reintroduction into the patient's body to activate the immune system and prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis. Currently, multiple clinical trials are assessing the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of adoptive immunotherapy in breast cancer. However, this therapeutic approach faces challenges associated with tumor heterogeneity, immune evasion, and treatment safety. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest advancements in adoptive immunotherapy for breast cancer and discusses future research directions and prospects, offering valuable guidance and insights into breast cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunan Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinfeng Yi
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuhan Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| | - He Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kembuan GJ, Kim JY, Maus MV, Jan M. Targeting solid tumor antigens with chimeric receptors: cancer biology meets synthetic immunology. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:312-331. [PMID: 38355356 PMCID: PMC11006585 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a medical breakthrough in the treatment of B cell malignancies. There is intensive focus on developing solid tumor-targeted CAR-T cell therapies. Although clinically approved CAR-T cell therapies target B cell lineage antigens, solid tumor targets include neoantigens and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) with diverse roles in tumor biology. Multiple early-stage clinical trials now report encouraging signs of efficacy for CAR-T cell therapies that target solid tumors. We review the landscape of solid tumor target antigens from the perspective of cancer biology and gene regulation, together with emerging clinical data for CAR-T cells targeting these antigens. We then discuss emerging synthetic biology strategies and their application in the clinical development of novel cellular immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele J Kembuan
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanna Y Kim
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Max Jan
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Salu P, Reindl KM. Advancements in Preclinical Models of Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2024; 53:e205-e220. [PMID: 38206758 PMCID: PMC10842038 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pancreatic cancer remains one of the deadliest of all cancer types with a 5-year overall survival rate of just 12%. Preclinical models available for understanding the disease pathophysiology have evolved significantly in recent years. Traditionally, commercially available 2-dimensional cell lines were developed to investigate mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. However, these cells grow as monolayer cultures that lack heterogeneity and do not effectively represent tumor biology. Developing patient-derived xenografts and genetically engineered mouse models led to increased cellular heterogeneity, molecular diversity, and tissues that histologically represent the original patient tumors. However, these models are relatively expensive and very timing consuming. More recently, the advancement of fast and inexpensive in vitro models that better mimic disease conditions in vivo are on the rise. Three-dimensional cultures like organoids and spheroids have gained popularity and are considered to recapitulate complex disease characteristics. In addition, computational genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomic models are being developed to simulate pancreatic cancer progression and predict better treatment strategies. Herein, we review the challenges associated with pancreatic cancer research and available analytical models. We suggest that an integrated approach toward using these models may allow for developing new strategies for pancreatic cancer precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Salu
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Harriott NC, Ryan AL. Proteomic profiling identifies biomarkers of COVID-19 severity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23320. [PMID: 38163173 PMCID: PMC10755324 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection remains a major public health concern, particularly for the aged and those individuals with co-morbidities at risk for developing severe COVID-19. Understanding the pathogenesis and biomarkers associated with responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection remain critical components in developing effective therapeutic approaches, especially in cases of severe and long-COVID-19. In this study blood plasma protein expression was compared in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 disease. Evaluation of an inflammatory protein panel confirms upregulation of proteins including TNFβ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, already associated with severe cytokine storm and progression to severe COVID-19. Importantly, we identify several proteins not yet associated with COVID-19 disease, including mesothelin (MSLN), that are expressed at significantly higher levels in severe COVID-19 subjects. In addition, we find a subset of markers associated with T-cell and dendritic cell responses to viral infection that are significantly higher in mild cases and decrease in expression as severity of COVID-19 increases, suggesting that an immediate and effective activation of T-cells is critical in modulating disease progression. Together, our findings identify new targets for further investigation as therapeutic approaches for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and prevention of complications of severe COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noa C. Harriott
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA 90033, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City IA 52240, USA
| | - Amy L. Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA 90033, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City IA 52240, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Horvat NK, Karpovsky I, Phillips M, Wyatt MM, Hall MA, Herting CJ, Hammons J, Mahdi Z, Moffitt RA, Paulos CM, Lesinski GB. Clinically relevant orthotopic pancreatic cancer models for adoptive T cell transfer therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008086. [PMID: 38191243 PMCID: PMC10806555 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive tumor. Prognosis is poor and survival is low in patients diagnosed with this disease, with a survival rate of ~12% at 5 years. Immunotherapy, including adoptive T cell transfer therapy, has not impacted the outcomes in patients with PDAC, due in part to the hostile tumor microenvironment (TME) which limits T cell trafficking and persistence. We posit that murine models serve as useful tools to study the fate of T cell therapy. Currently, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) for PDAC are considered a "gold-standard" as they recapitulate many aspects of human disease. However, these models have limitations, including marked tumor variability across individual mice and the cost of colony maintenance. METHODS Using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, we characterized the immunological features and trafficking patterns of adoptively transferred T cells in orthotopic PDAC (C57BL/6) models using two mouse cell lines, KPC-Luc and MT-5, isolated from C57BL/6 KPC-GEMM (KrasLSL-G12D/+p53-/- and KrasLSL-G12D/+p53LSL-R172H/+, respectively). RESULTS The MT-5 orthotopic model best recapitulates the cellular and stromal features of the TME in the PDAC GEMM. In contrast, far more host immune cells infiltrate the KPC-Luc tumors, which have less stroma, although CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were similarly detected in the MT-5 tumors compared with KPC-GEMM in mice. Interestingly, we found that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells redirected to recognize mesothelin on these tumors that signal via CD3ζ and 41BB (Meso-41BBζ-CAR T cells) infiltrated the tumors of mice bearing stroma-devoid KPC-Luc orthotopic tumors, but not MT-5 tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our data establish for the first time a reproducible and realistic clinical system useful for modeling stroma-rich and stroma-devoid PDAC tumors. These models shall serve an indepth study of how to overcome barriers that limit antitumor activity of adoptively transferred T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Horvat
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Isaac Karpovsky
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maggie Phillips
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Megan M Wyatt
- Department of Surgery, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Margaret A Hall
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cameron J Herting
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jacklyn Hammons
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zaid Mahdi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard A Moffitt
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Surgery, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nasiri F, Farrokhi K, Safarzadeh Kozani P, Mahboubi Kancha M, Dashti Shokoohi S, Safarzadeh Kozani P. CAR-T cell immunotherapy for ovarian cancer: hushing the silent killer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1302307. [PMID: 38146364 PMCID: PMC10749368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1302307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most lethal gynecologic oncological indication, carcinoma of the ovary has been ranked as the 5th cause of cancer-related mortality in women, with a high percentage of the patients being diagnosed at late stages of the disease and a five-year survival of ~ 30%. Ovarian cancer patients conventionally undergo surgery for tumor removal followed by platinum- or taxane-based chemotherapy; however, a high percentage of patients experience tumor relapse. Cancer immunotherapy has been regarded as a silver lining in the treatment of patients with various immunological or oncological indications; however, mirvetuximab soravtansine (a folate receptor α-specific mAb) and bevacizumab (a VEGF-A-specific mAb) are the only immunotherapeutics approved for the treatment of ovarian cancer patients. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has achieved tremendous clinical success in the treatment of patients with certain B-cell lymphomas and leukemias, as well as multiple myeloma. In the context of solid tumors, CAR-T therapies face serious obstacles that limit their therapeutic benefit. Such hindrances include the immunosuppressive nature of solid tumors, impaired tumor infiltration, lack of qualified tumor-associated antigens, and compromised stimulation and persistence of CAR-Ts following administration. Over the past years, researchers have made arduous attempts to apply CAR-T therapy to ovarian cancer. In this review, we outline the principles of CAR-T therapy and then highlight its limitations in the context of solid tumors. Ultimately, we focus on preclinical and clinical findings achieved in CAR-T-mediated targeting of different ovarian cancer-associated target antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nasiri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Khadijeh Farrokhi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Mahboubi Kancha
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Setareh Dashti Shokoohi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Byun AJ, Grosser RA, Choe JK, Rizk NP, Tang LH, Molena D, Tan KS, Restle D, Cheema W, Zhu A, Gerdes H, Markowitz AJ, Bains MS, Rusch VW, Jones DR, Adusumilli PS. A Prospective Clinical Trial to Evaluate Mesothelin as a Biomarker for the Clinical Management of Patients With Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg 2023; 278:e1003-e1010. [PMID: 37185875 PMCID: PMC10593105 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the utility of serum soluble mesothelin-related peptide (SMRP) and tumor mesothelin expression in the management of esophageal adenocarcinoma (ADC). BACKGROUND Clinical management of esophageal ADC is limited by a lack of accurate evaluation of tumor burden, treatment response, and disease recurrence. Our retrospective data showed that tumor mesothelin and its serum correlate, SMRP, are overexpressed and associated with poor outcomes in patients with esophageal ADC. METHODS Serum SMRP and tumoral mesothelin expression from 101 patients with locally advanced esophageal ADC were analyzed before induction chemoradiation (pretreatment) and at the time of resection (posttreatment), as a biomarker for treatment response, disease recurrence, and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Pre and posttreatment serum SMRP was ≥1 nM in 49% and 53%, and pre and post-treatment tumor mesothelin expression was >25% in 35% and 46% of patients, respectively. Pretreatment serum SMRP was not significantly associated with tumor stage ( P = 0.9), treatment response (radiologic response, P = 0.4; pathologic response, P = 0.7), or recurrence ( P =0.229). Pretreatment tumor mesothelin expression was associated with OS (hazard ratio: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.14-3.79; P = 0.017) but had no statistically significant association with recurrence ( P = 0.9). Three-year OS of patients with pretreatment tumor mesothelin expression of ≤25% was 78% (95% CI: 68%-89%), compared with 49% (95% CI: 35%-70%) among those with >25%. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment tumor mesothelin expression is prognostic of OS for patients with locally advanced esophageal ADC, whereas serum SMRP is not a reliable biomarker for monitoring treatment response or recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Byun
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel A. Grosser
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennie K. Choe
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nabil P. Rizk
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Laura H. Tang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Molena
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kay See Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Restle
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Waseem Cheema
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy Zhu
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hans Gerdes
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnold J. Markowitz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manjit S. Bains
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valerie W. Rusch
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David R. Jones
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prasad S. Adusumilli
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hagerty BL, Takabe K. Biology of Mesothelin and Clinical Implications: A Review of Existing Literature. World J Oncol 2023; 14:340-349. [PMID: 37869242 PMCID: PMC10588497 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1992, mesothelin (MSLN) has generated significant interest as a therapeutic target. A number of characteristics make it ideal for this purpose. First, it is not expressed on the parenchyma of any vital organs. Second, it is differentially expressed on a number of cancer types that have relatively poor prognosis and lack effective systemic options. Third, it is expressed on the cell membrane making it accessible to large molecule targeted therapies. However, unlike other drug targets that have been exploited for therapeutic benefit, the precise function of MSLN, why it is expressed in certain cancers, and its biological role have not been clearly elucidated. Here the existing literature on the cellular function and expression patterns of MSLN across tumor types is reviewed in order to gain further understanding of this intriguing molecule. In doing so, we conclude that there remains significant ambiguity surrounding its function and role in cellular and tumor biology. Furthermore, the expression of MSLN and its relation of prognosis seems to depend on the type of tumor. Finally, the unified mechanism by which MSLN acts as a protein that conveys tumor aggressiveness remains elusive. What is clear is that there is much yet to be discovered in this realm and doing so may have large implications for treatment of otherwise lethal malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan L Hagerty
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kim HY, Sakane S, Eguileor A, Carvalho Gontijo Weber R, Lee W, Liu X, Lam K, Ishizuka K, Rosenthal SB, Diggle K, Brenner DA, Kisseleva T. The Origin and Fate of Liver Myofibroblasts. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:93-106. [PMID: 37743012 PMCID: PMC10665929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis of different etiologies is a serious health problem worldwide. There is no effective therapy available for liver fibrosis except the removal of the underlying cause of injury or liver transplantation. Development of liver fibrosis is caused by fibrogenic myofibroblasts that are not present in the normal liver, but rather activate from liver resident mesenchymal cells in response to chronic toxic or cholestatic injury. Many studies indicate that liver fibrosis is reversible when the causative agent is removed. Regression of liver fibrosis is associated with the disappearance of activated myofibroblasts and resorption of the fibrous scar. In this review, we discuss the results of genetic tracing and cell fate mapping of hepatic stellate cells and portal fibroblasts, their specific characteristics, and potential phenotypes. We summarize research progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and reversibility of liver fibrosis, including activation, apoptosis, and inactivation of myofibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Sadatsugu Sakane
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Alvaro Eguileor
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Raquel Carvalho Gontijo Weber
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Wonseok Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Kevin Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Kei Ishizuka
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Sara Brin Rosenthal
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Karin Diggle
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - David A Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California.
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dagogo-Jack I. Targeted Approaches to Treatment of Pleural Mesothelioma: A Review. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2300344. [PMID: 37992257 PMCID: PMC10681489 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive disease that is enriched for inactivating alterations in tumor suppressor genes. Systemic therapeutic strategies for pleural mesothelioma generally involve chemotherapies and immunotherapies that are chosen without consideration of the tumor's molecular profile. As this generalized approach to treatment rarely yields durable responses, alternative therapeutic regimens are urgently indicated. Preclinical studies have identified synthetic lethal protein and metabolic interactions, recurrently overexpressed proteins, and frequent pathway perturbations that may be therapeutically exploited in mesothelioma. This review discusses the mechanism of action of emerging investigational therapies and summarizes findings from phase I-II clinical trials exploring selective, biomarker-driven therapeutic strategies for mesothelioma, with a focus on five common targets. Finally, using lessons learned from these clinical trials, imperatives for successful implementation of targeted therapy in mesothelioma are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibiayi Dagogo-Jack
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chouari T, La Costa FS, Merali N, Jessel MD, Sivakumar S, Annels N, Frampton AE. Advances in Immunotherapeutics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4265. [PMID: 37686543 PMCID: PMC10486452 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for up to 95% of all pancreatic cancer cases and is the seventh-leading cause of cancer death. Poor prognosis is a result of late presentation, a lack of screening tests and the fact some patients develop resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Novel therapies like immunotherapeutics have been of recent interest in pancreatic cancer. However, this field remains in its infancy with much to unravel. Immunotherapy and other targeted therapies have yet to yield significant progress in treating PDAC, primarily due to our limited understanding of the disease immune mechanisms and its intricate interactions with the tumour microenvironment (TME). In this review we provide an overview of current novel immunotherapies which have been studied in the field of pancreatic cancer. We discuss their mechanisms, evidence available in pancreatic cancer as well as the limitations of such therapies. We showcase the potential role of combining novel therapies in PDAC, postulate their potential clinical implications and the hurdles associated with their use in PDAC. Therapies discussed with include programmed death checkpoint inhibitors, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T cell therapy, oncolytic viral therapy and vaccine therapies including KRAS vaccines, Telomerase vaccines, Gastrin Vaccines, Survivin-targeting vaccines, Heat-shock protein (HSP) peptide complex-based vaccines, MUC-1 targeting vaccines, Listeria based vaccines and Dendritic cell-based vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarak Chouari
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Department, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK; (T.C.); (F.S.L.C.); (N.M.)
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK; (M.-D.J.); (N.A.)
| | - Francesca Soraya La Costa
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Department, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK; (T.C.); (F.S.L.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Nabeel Merali
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Department, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK; (T.C.); (F.S.L.C.); (N.M.)
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK; (M.-D.J.); (N.A.)
- The Minimal Access Therapy Training Unit, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Maria-Danae Jessel
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK; (M.-D.J.); (N.A.)
| | - Shivan Sivakumar
- Oncology Department and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Nicola Annels
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK; (M.-D.J.); (N.A.)
| | - Adam E. Frampton
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Department, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK; (T.C.); (F.S.L.C.); (N.M.)
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK; (M.-D.J.); (N.A.)
- The Minimal Access Therapy Training Unit, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Grasso L, Jiang Q, Hassan R, Nicolaides NC, Kline JB. NAV-003, a bispecific antibody targeting a unique mesothelin epitope and CD3ε with improved cytotoxicity against humoral immunosuppressed tumors. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250309. [PMID: 37146241 PMCID: PMC10524251 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell surface protein overexpressed in a number of cancer types. Several antibody- and cellular-based MSLN targeting agents have been tested in clinical trials where their therapeutic efficacy has been moderate at best. Previous studies using antibody and Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T cells (CAR-T) strategies have shown the importance of particular MSLN epitopes for optimal therapeutic response, while other studies have found that certain MSLN-positive tumors can produce proteins that can bind to subsets of IgG1-type antibodies and suppress their immune effector activities. In an attempt to develop an improved anti-MSLN targeting agent, we engineered a humanized divalent anti-MSLN/anti-CD3ε bispecific antibody that avoids suppressive factors, can target a MSLN epitope proximal to the tumor cell surface, and is capable of effectively binding, activating, and redirecting T cells to the surface of MSLN-positive tumor cells. NAV-003 has shown significantly improved tumor cell killing against lines producing immunosuppressive proteins in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, NAV-003 demonstrated good tolerability in mice and efficacy against patient-derived mesothelioma xenografts co-engrafted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Together these data support the potential for NAV-003 clinical development and human proof-of-concept studies in patients with MSLN-expressing cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Grasso
- Navrogen Inc., 1837 University Circle, Cheyney, PA 19319
| | - Qun Jiang
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Raffit Hassan
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Snell D, Gunde T, Warmuth S, Chatterjee B, Brock M, Hess C, Johansson M, Simonin A, Spiga FM, Weinert C, Kirk N, Bassler N, Campos Carrascosa L, Flückiger N, Heiz R, Wagen S, Giezendanner N, Alberti A, Yaman Y, Mahler D, Diem D, Lichtlen P, Urech D. An engineered T-cell engager with selectivity for high mesothelin-expressing cells and activity in the presence of soluble mesothelin. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2233401. [PMID: 37456982 PMCID: PMC10339761 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2233401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is an attractive immuno-oncology target, but the development of MSLN-targeting therapies has been impeded by tumor shedding of soluble MSLN (sMSLN), on-target off-tumor activity, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We sought to engineer an antibody-based, MSLN-targeted T-cell engager (αMSLN/αCD3) with enhanced ability to discriminate high MSLN-expressing tumors from normal tissue, and activity in the presence of sMSLN. We also studied the in vivo antitumor efficacy of this molecule (NM28-2746) alone and in combination with the multifunctional checkpoint inhibitor/T-cell co-activator NM21-1480 (αPD-L1/α4-1BB). Cytotoxicity and T-cell activation induced by NM28-2746 were studied in co-cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cell lines exhibiting different levels of MSLN expression, including in the presence of soluble MSLN. Xenotransplant models of human pancreatic cancer were used to study the inhibition of tumor growth and stimulation of T-cell infiltration into tumors induced by NM28-2746 alone and in combination with NM21-1480. The bivalent αMSLN T-cell engager NM28-2746 potently induced T-cell activation and T-cell mediated cytotoxicity of high MSLN-expressing cells but had much lower potency against low MSLN-expressing cells. A monovalent counterpart of NM28-2746 had much lower ability to discriminate high MSLN-expressing from low MSLN-expressing cells. The bivalent molecule retained this discriminant ability in the presence of high concentrations of sMSLN. In xenograft models, NM28-2746 exhibited significant tumor suppressing activity, which was significantly enhanced by combination therapy with NM21-1480. NM28-2746, alone or in combination with NM21-1480, may overcome shortcomings of previous MSLN-targeted immuno-oncology drugs, exhibiting enhanced discrimination of high MSLN-expressing cell activity in the presence of sMSLN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tea Gunde
- Numab Therapeutics AG, Horgen, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Niels Kirk
- Numab Therapeutics AG, Horgen, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Robin Heiz
- Numab Therapeutics AG, Horgen, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dania Diem
- Numab Therapeutics AG, Horgen, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
De Pauw T, De Mey L, Debacker JM, Raes G, Van Ginderachter JA, De Groof TWM, Devoogdt N. Current status and future expectations of nanobodies in oncology trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:705-721. [PMID: 37638538 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2249814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized personalized medicine for cancer in recent decades. Despite their broad application in oncology, their large size and complexity may interfere with successful tumor targeting for certain applications of cancer diagnosis and therapy. Nanobodies have unique structural and pharmacological features compared to monoclonal antibodies and have successfully been used as complementary anti-cancer diagnostic and/or therapeutic tools. AREAS COVERED Here, an overview is given of the nanobody-based diagnostics and therapeutics that have been or are currently being tested in oncological clinical trials. Furthermore, preclinical developments, which are likely to be translated into the clinic in the near future, are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Overall, the presented studies show the application potential of nanobodies in the field of oncology, making it likely that more nanobodies will be clinically approved in the upcoming future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa De Pauw
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lynn De Mey
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine Department, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jens M Debacker
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine Department, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Raes
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Timo W M De Groof
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Offin M, Fitzgerald B, Zauderer MG, Doroshow D. The past, present, and future of targeted therapeutic approaches in patients with diffuse pleural mesotheliomas. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2023; 9:21. [PMID: 38895597 PMCID: PMC11185317 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2022.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Despite our growing understanding of the genomic landscape of diffuse pleural mesotheliomas (DPM), there has been limited success in targeted therapeutic strategies for the disease. This review summarizes attempts to develop targeted therapies in DPM, focusing on the following targets being clinically explored in recent and ongoing clinical trials: vascular endothelial growth factor, mesothelin, BRCA1-associated protein 1, Wilms tumor 1 protein, NF2/YAP/TAZ, CDKN2, methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, v-domain Ig suppressor T-cell activation, and argininosuccinate synthetase 1. Although preclinical data for these targets are promising, few have efficaciously translated to benefit our patients. Future efforts should seek to expand the availability of preclinical models that faithfully recapitulate DPM biology, develop clinically relevant biomarkers, and refine patient selection criteria for clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Offin
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bailey Fitzgerald
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marjorie G. Zauderer
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Deborah Doroshow
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Espinosa-Cotton M, Guo HF, Tickoo SK, Cheung NKV. Identification of immunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy targets on desmoplastic small round cell tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1104693. [PMID: 37091153 PMCID: PMC10119788 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1104693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Development of successful antibody-based immunotherapeutic and radioimmunotherapeutic strategies rely on the identification of cell surface tumor-associated antigens (TAA) with restricted expression on normal tissues. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare and generally neglected malignancy that primarily affects adolescent and young adult males. New therapies capable of treating disseminated disease are needed for DSRCT, which is often widespread at diagnosis. Methods We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) on fresh frozen surgical specimens and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors and flow cytometry on DSRCT cell lines to evaluate expression of TAAs in these tumors. In vitro cytotoxicity assays were used to evaluate the efficacy of T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (T-BsAbs) directed at these targets. In vivo, we used an intraperitoneal xenograft mouse model of DSRCT to test T-BsAbs against several TAAs. Results In DSRCT specimens we found widespread expression of B7-H3, EGFR, GD2, HER2, mesothelin, and polysialic acid, clinical targets for which specific antibody therapeutics are available. The expression of B7-H3, EGFR, HER2, and mesothelin was confirmed on the cell surface of DSRCT cell lines. In vitro cytotoxicity assays confirmed the efficacy of T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (T-BsAbs) directed at these targets against DSRCT cells. Remarkably, a HER2xCD3 T-BsAb was capable of completely shrinking established tumors in an intraperitoneal mouse model of DSRCT. Conclusions We propose that these TAAs should be further investigated in preclinical models as targets for immunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy with the hope of providing a rationale to extend these therapies to patients with advanced DSRCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn Espinosa-Cotton
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hong-Fen Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Satish K. Tickoo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nai-Kong V. Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang X, Xu G, Liu X, Zhou G, Zhang B, Wang F, Wang L, Li B, Li L. Carbon nanomaterial-involved EMT and CSC in cancer. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:1-13. [PMID: 34619029 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are ubiquitous in our daily lives because of the outstanding physicochemical properties. CNMs play curial parts in industrial and medical fields, however, the risks of CNMs exposure to human health are still not fully understood. In view of, it is becoming extremely difficult to ignore the existence of the toxicity of CNMs. With the increasing exploitation of CNMs, it's necessary to evaluate the potential impact of these materials on human health. In recent years, more and more researches have shown that CNMs are contributed to the cancer formation and metastasis after long-term exposure through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) which is associated with cancer progression and invasion. This review discusses CNMs properties and applications in industrial and medical fields, adverse effects on human health, especially the induction of tumor initiation and metastasis through EMT and CSCs procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Yang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Gongquan Xu
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guiming Zhou
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Rushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weihai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingjuan Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Li
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Han G, Li J, Liu X, Guo R. Diagnostic value of pleural fluid SMRP, CA125, MMP-7, and MMP-9 in malignant pleural effusion. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32759. [PMID: 36705352 PMCID: PMC9875977 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of mesothelin soluble related peptide (SMRP), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in benign and malignant pleural exudative effusion. A total of 105 adult patients with pleural exudative effusion admitted in our hospital from December 2019 to December 2020 were selected. Patients were divided into the benign group (n = 60) and the malignant group (n = 45) according to their condition. The levels of SMRP, CA125, MMP-7, and MMP-9 in the pleural effusion were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to analyze the individual and combined predictive value of SMRP, MMP-7, MMP-9, and CA125 levels. In the malignant group, the SMRP, CA125, MMP-7, and MMP-9 levels were all significantly higher than those in benign group (P = .01). The detection efficiency of the 4 indicators in the combined diagnosis were higher than that of single index and combination of any 2 indices. There was a moderate positive correlation between SMRP and CA125 and MMP-7 in malignant pleural effusion. The correlation between MMP-7 and MMP-9 was moderately positive. The diagnostic efficacy of SMRP combined with CA125, MMP-7, and MMP-9 in pleural effusion for malignant pleural effusion and BPE are better than single index, which has certain clinical values for the selection of early intervention scheme for BPE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaohua Han
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
- * Correspondence: Gaohua Han, Department of Oncology, Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (e-mail: )
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinbo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruyue Guo
- Department of Oncology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nicolaides NC, Kline JB, Grasso L. NAV-001, a high-efficacy antibody-drug conjugate targeting mesothelin with improved delivery of a potent payload by counteracting MUC16/CA125 inhibitory effects. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285161. [PMID: 37195923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Subsets of tumor-produced cell surface and secreted proteins can bind to IgG1 type antibodies and suppress their immune-effector activities. As they affect antibody and complement-mediated immunity, we call these proteins humoral immuno-oncology (HIO) factors. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) use antibody targeting to bind cell surface antigens, internalize into the cell, then kill target cells upon liberation of the cytotoxic payload. Binding of the ADC antibody component by a HIO factor may potentially hamper ADC efficacy due to reduced internalization. To determine the potential effects of HIO factor ADC suppression, we evaluated the efficacy of a HIO-refractory, mesothelin-directed ADC (NAV-001) and a HIO-bound, mesothelin-directed ADC (SS1). The HIO factor MUC16/CA125 binding to SS1 ADC was shown to have a negative effect on internalization and tumor cell killing. The MUC16/CA125 refractory NAV-001 ADC was shown to have robust killing of MUC16/CA125 expressing and non-expressing tumor cells in vitro and in vivo at single, sub-mg/kg dosing. Moreover, NAV-001-PNU, which contains the PNU-159682 topoisomerase II inhibitor, demonstrated good stability in vitro and in vivo as well as robust bystander activity of resident cells while maintaining a tolerable safety profile in vivo. Single-dose NAV-001-PNU demonstrated robust tumor regression of a number of patient-derived xenografts from different tumor types regardless of MUC16/CA125 expression. These findings suggest that identification of HIO-refractory antibodies to be used in ADC format may improve therapeutic efficacy as observed by NAV-001 and warrants NAV-001-PNU's advancement to human clinical trials as a monotherapy to treat mesothelin-positive cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luigi Grasso
- Navrogen Inc., Cheyney, PA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ding J, Guyette S, Schrand B, Geirut J, Horton H, Guo G, Delgoffe G, Menk A, Baeuerle PA, Hofmeister R, Tighe R. Mesothelin-targeting T cells bearing a novel T cell receptor fusion construct (TRuC) exhibit potent antitumor efficacy against solid tumors. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2182058. [PMID: 36875551 PMCID: PMC9980471 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2182058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell Receptor (TCR) Fusion Construct (TRuC®) T cells harness all signaling subunits of the TCR to activate T cells and eliminate tumor cells, with minimal release of cytokines. While adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells has shown unprecedented clinical efficacy against B-cell malignancies, monotherapy with CAR-T cells has suboptimal clinical efficacy against solid tumors, probably because of the artificial signaling properties of the CAR. TRuC-T cells may address the suboptimal efficacy of existing CAR-T therapies for solid tumors. Here, we report that mesothelin (MSLN)-specific TRuC-T cells (referred to as TC-210 T cells) potently kill MSLN+ tumor cells in vitro and efficiently eradicate MSLN+ mesothelioma, lung, and ovarian cancers in xenograft mouse tumor models. When benchmarked against MSLN-targeted BBζ CAR-T cells (MSLN-BBζ CAR-T cells), TC-210 T cells show an overall comparable level of efficacy; however, TC-210 T cells consistently show faster tumor rejection kinetics that are associated with earlier intratumoral accumulation and earlier signs of activation. Furthermore, in vitro and ex vivo metabolic profiling suggests TC-210 T cells have lower glycolytic activity and higher mitochondrial metabolism than MSLN-BBζ CAR-T cells. These data highlight TC-210 T cells as a promising cell therapy for treating MSLN-expressing cancers. The differentiated profile from CAR-T cells may translate into better efficacy and safety of TRuC-T cells for solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ding
- Research & Development, Formerly of TCR2 Therapeutics, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Guyette
- Research & Development, Formerly of TCR2 Therapeutics, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brett Schrand
- Research & Development, Formerly of TCR2 Therapeutics, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Geirut
- Research & Development, Formerly of TCR2 Therapeutics, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Holly Horton
- Research & Development, Formerly of TCR2 Therapeutics, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guangwu Guo
- Research & Development, Formerly of TCR2 Therapeutics, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Greg Delgoffe
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashley Menk
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick A Baeuerle
- Research & Development, Formerly of TCR2 Therapeutics, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert Hofmeister
- Research & Development, Formerly of TCR2 Therapeutics, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert Tighe
- Research & Development, TCR2 Therapeutics, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang AJ, Gao Y, Shi YY, Dai MY, Cai HB. A review of recent advances on single use of antibody-drug conjugates or combination with tumor immunology therapy for gynecologic cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1093666. [PMID: 36618922 PMCID: PMC9813853 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1093666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have made significant progress in the treatment of various cancers. However, due to the low ICI responsive rate for the gynecologic cancer, ICI two-drug combination therapy tends to be a predominant way for clinical treatment. Antibody-drug conjugates, a promising therapeutic modality for cancer, have been approved by the FDA for breast cancer, lymphoma, multiple myeloma and gastric cancer. On September 2021, the FDA granted accelerated approval to tisotumab vedotin for patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. Currently, the role of therapy of ADCs on gynecologic tumors was also included in medication regimens. Now more than 30 ADCs targeting for 20 biomarkers are under clinical trials in the field, including monotherapy or combination with others for multiple lines of therapy. Some ADCs have been proved to enhance the antitumor immunity effect on both pre-clinical models and clinical trials. Therefore, combination of ADCs and ICIs are expected in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss current development of ADCs in gynecologic oncology and the combination effects of ICIs and ADCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An-Jin Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Ying Shi
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Dai
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Meng-Yuan Dai, ; Hong-Bing Cai,
| | - Hong-Bing Cai
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Meng-Yuan Dai, ; Hong-Bing Cai,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Anti-mesothelin immunotoxin induces mesothelioma eradication, anti-tumor immunity, and the development of tertiary lymphoid structures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2214928119. [PMID: 36409889 PMCID: PMC9860319 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214928119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
LMB-100 is a recombinant immunotoxin composed of a Fab linked to a toxin. It kills cells expressing human mesothelin (hMSLN), which is highly expressed on the surface of mesothelioma and many other cancer cells. Clinically, we observed some patients had delayed responses to an anti-hMSLN immunotoxin treatment, suggesting the induction of anti-tumor immunity. We aimed to develop a mouse model to investigate whether immunotoxin alone can induce anti-tumor immunity and to study the mechanism of this immunity. An immunocompetent transgenic mouse was used to grow mouse mesothelioma AB1 cells expressing hMSLN in the peritoneal cavity. Mice were treated with LMB-100, and mice with complete responses (CRs) were rechallenged with tumor cells to determine whether anti-tumor immunity developed. Changes in gene expression profiles were evaluated by Nanostring, and changes in cytokines and chemokines were checked by protein arrays. The distribution of various immune cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Our results show that the mice with tumor reached CRs and developed anti-tumor immunity after LMB-100 treatment alone. The primary response requires CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and B cells. Transcriptional profiling shows that LMB-100 treatment reshapes the tumor immune microenvironment by upregulating chemotaxis signals. LMB-100 treatment upregulates genes associated with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) development and induces TLS formation in tumors. In sum, immunotoxin-mediated cell death induces anti-tumor immunity and the development of TLS, which provides insights into how immunotoxins cause tumor regressions.
Collapse
|
34
|
Nishio T, Koyama Y, Fuji H, Ishizuka K, Iwaisako K, Taura K, Hatano E, Brenner DA, Kisseleva T. The Role of Mesothelin in Activation of Portal Fibroblasts in Cholestatic Liver Injury. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1589. [PMID: 36358290 PMCID: PMC9687690 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common consequence of abnormal wound healing, which is characterized by infiltration of myofibroblasts and formation of fibrous scar. In liver fibrosis, activated Hepatic Stellate Cells (aHSCs) and activated Portal Fibroblasts (aPFs) are the major contributors to the origin of hepatic myofibroblasts. aPFs are significantly involved in the pathogenesis of cholestatic fibrosis, suggesting that aPFs may be a primary target for anti-fibrotic therapy in cholestatic injury. aPFs are distinguishable from aHSCs by specific markers including mesothelin (Msln), Mucin 16 (Muc16), and Thymus cell antigen 1 (Thy1, CD90) as well as fibulin 2, elastin, Gremlin 1, ecto-ATPase nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2. Msln plays a critical role in activation of PFs, via formation of Msln-Muc16-Thy1 complex that regulates TGFβ1/TGFβRI-mediated fibrogenic signaling. The opposing pro- and anti-fibrogenic effects of Msln and Thy1 are key components of the TGFβ1-induced activation pathway in aPFs. In addition, aPFs and activated lung and kidney fibroblasts share similarities across different organs with expression of common markers and activation cascade including Msln-Thy1 interaction. Here, we summarize the potential function of Msln in activation of PFs and development of cholestatic fibrosis, offering a novel perspective for anti-fibrotic therapy targeting Msln.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nishio
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0063, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0063, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukinori Koyama
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0063, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fuji
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0063, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0063, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kei Ishizuka
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0063, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0063, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tataramiyakodani, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Japan
| | - Kojiro Taura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital Medical Research Institute, 2-4-20 Ogimachi, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - David A. Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0063, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0063, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Assessment of miR-103a-3p in leukocytes-No diagnostic benefit in combination with the blood-based biomarkers mesothelin and calretinin for malignant pleural mesothelioma diagnosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275936. [PMID: 36240245 PMCID: PMC9565669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a cancer associated with asbestos exposure and its diagnosis is challenging due to the moderate sensitivities of the available methods. In this regard, miR-103a-3p was considered to increase the sensitivity of established biomarkers to detect MPM. Its behavior and diagnostic value in the Mexican population has not been previously evaluated. In 108 confirmed MPM cases and 218 controls, almost all formerly exposed to asbestos, we quantified miR-103-3a-3p levels in leukocytes using quantitative Real-Time PCR, together with mesothelin and calretinin measured in plasma by ELISA. Sensitivity and specificity of miR-103-3a-3p alone and in combination with mesothelin and calretinin were determined. Bivariate analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation. Non-conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate the area under curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity for the combination of biomarkers. Mesothelin and calretinin levels were higher among cases, remaining as well among males and participants ≤60 years old (only mesothelin). Significant differences for miR-103a-3p were observed between male cases and controls, whereas significant differences between cases and controls for mesothelin and calretinin were observed in men and women. At 95.5% specificity the individual sensitivity of miR-103a-3p was 4.4% in men, whereas the sensitivity of mesothelin and calretinin was 72.2% and 80.9%, respectively. Positive correlations for miR-103a-3p were observed with age, environmental asbestos exposure, years with diabetes mellitus, and glucose levels, while negative correlations were observed with years of occupational asbestos exposure, creatinine, erythrocytes, direct bilirubin, and leukocytes. The addition of miR-103a-3p to mesothelin and calretinin did not increase the diagnostic performance for MPM diagnosis. However, miR-103a-3p levels were correlated with several characteristics in the Mexican population.
Collapse
|
36
|
The challenge of selecting tumor antigens for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in ovarian cancer. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:232. [PMID: 36175774 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common cancers in women, with a high mortality rate and very few available and effective treatments. Evidence shows that immunotherapy in OC has not been very successful because immune checkpoint blockers have not achieved satisfactory clinical outcomes. On the other hand, as one of the effective treatment approaches, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy has gained a moral position, especially in blood malignancies. Although in solid tumors, CAR T-cell therapy faces various complications and challenges. One of these challenges is selecting the appropriate tumor antigen targeted by CAR T cells, making the selection difficult due to the expression of antigens by tumor cells and normal cells. In addition, the rate of tumor antigen expression and CAR T-cell access to the desired antigen and proper stimulation of CAR T cells can be other important points in antigen selection. This review summarized common tumor antigens and the challenges of selecting them in CAR T cells therapy of OC.
Collapse
|
37
|
Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Bioinformatic Analysis of Biomarkers for Prognosis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092210. [PMID: 36140611 PMCID: PMC9497920 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers showed great benefit in the early-stage diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). However, the accuracy of different biomarkers was controversial. In this study, meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis were conducted to compare the accuracy of the following three biomarkers and explore the relationship between the gene expression levels and MPM. A systematic search of meta-analysis was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library to identify relevant studies from the inception to March 2021. QUADAS-2 for Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies was used to evaluate the quality of eligible studies. The meta-analysis was performed utilizing Stata 15.0 and Review Manager 5.4 software. The meta-analysis results showed that 31 studies that involved 8750 participants were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity (SPE) were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.97) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.95) for Fibulin-3, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.51–0.78) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.82–0.96) for mesothelin (MSLN), 0.68 (95% CI: 0.63,0.73) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.82,0.90) for soluble mesothelin-related peptides (SMRP), and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.66-0.80) and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85–0.91) for MSLN + SMRP + Fibulin-3. Compared with the other two biomarkers, Fibulin-3 may be more appropriate to be one of the indicators for combined diagnosis. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the low expression level of the MSLN gene was significantly related to longer survival time and better prognosis of MPM patients. However, considering the limitation in the quality and sample size of the included research, further studies are required.
Collapse
|
38
|
Lai CW, Bagadia P, Barisas DAG, Jarjour NN, Wong R, Ohara T, Muegge BD, Lu Q, Xiong S, Edelson BT, Murphy KM, Stappenbeck TS. Mesothelium-Derived Factors Shape GATA6-Positive Large Cavity Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:742-750. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The local microenvironment shapes macrophage differentiation in each tissue. We hypothesized that in the peritoneum, local factors in addition to retinoic acid can support GATA6-driven differentiation and function of peritoneal large cavity macrophages (LCMs). We found that soluble proteins produced by mesothelial cells lining the peritoneal cavity maintained GATA6 expression in cultured LCMs. Analysis of global gene expression of isolated mesothelial cells highlighted mesothelin (Msln) and its binding partner mucin 16 (Muc16) as candidate secreted ligands that potentially regulate GATA6 expression in peritoneal LCMs. Mice deficient for either of these molecules showed diminished GATA6 expression in peritoneal and pleural LCMs that was most prominent in aged mice. The more robust phenotype in older mice suggested that monocyte-derived macrophages were the target of Msln and Muc16. Cell transfer and bone marrow chimera experiments supported this hypothesis. We found that lethally irradiated Msln−/− and Muc16−/− mice reconstituted with wild-type bone marrow had lower levels of GATA6 expression in peritoneal and pleural LCMs. Similarly, during the resolution of zymosan-induced inflammation, repopulated peritoneal LCMs lacking expression of Msln or Muc16 expressed diminished GATA6. These data support a role for mesothelial cell–produced Msln and Muc16 in local macrophage differentiation within large cavity spaces such as the peritoneum. The effect appears to be most prominent on monocyte-derived macrophages that enter into this location as the host ages and also in response to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wen Lai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Prachi Bagadia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Derek A. G. Barisas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nicholas N. Jarjour
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rachel Wong
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Takahiro Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brian D. Muegge
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Qiuhe Lu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Shanshan Xiong
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brian T. Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kenneth M. Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang Q, Gong R. Immunotherapy targeting mesothelin in acute myeloid leukemia. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:813-821. [PMID: 35946307 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr0622-483r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is an emerging target that exists in soluble and membrane-associated forms. It is usually used for the diagnosis and treatment of MSLN-positive solid tumors. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that MSLN is highly expressed in 36% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and barely expressed in normal hematopoietic cells, which makes MSLN a promising target for the treatment of AML. It has been shown that MSLN is detectable as a diagnostic marker in its soluble form. Although the mechanism of action is unclear, MSLN remains a promising target for immunotherapy. Most MSLN research has been conducted in solid tumors, and less research has been conducted in hematopoietic tumors. Increasing research on MSLN is underway in AML, a hematopoietic neoplasm. For example, MSLN is related to extramedullary disease, minimal residual disease, and relapse in AML patients. Decreasing the expression of MSLN reduces the severity of the disease course. This information suggests that MSLN may be an ideal target for the treatment of many AML-related diseases to improve the prognosis and survival rate. At present, there are a few immunotherapies targeting MSLN in AML in preclinical and clinical trials, such as antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific T-cell engagers, and chimeric antigen receptor-T cells, which opens new room for the treatment of MSLN-related AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingguang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hussein NH, Eissa RA, de Bruyn M, El Tayebi HM. NEAT1: Culprit lncRNA linking PIG-C, MSLN, and CD80 in triple-negative breast cancer. Life Sci 2022; 299:120523. [PMID: 35378140 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women. Despite the effectiveness of conventional therapies, they cause detrimental side effects. Glycosyl-Phosphatidyl-Inositol (GPI) pathway is a conserved pathway that culminates in the generation of GPI anchored proteins (GPI-AP). Phosphatidyl-Inositol-Glycan Biosynthesis Class C (PIG-C) is the first step in GPI pathway and upon its overexpression, Mesothelin (MSLN); an oncogenic GPI-AP, expression is induced. Therefore, blocking GPI pathway is a potential therapy through which multiple pathways can be rectified. Recombinant GPI-CD80 proved to be a potent immunostimulatory protein and currently being evaluated as tumor vaccine. In fact, CD80 is a unique immunomodulator that binds to CD28, CTLA-4 and PD-L1. Furthermore, research advancement showed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key epigenetic modulators. Therefore, epigenetic tuning of GPI-APs remains an unexplored area. This study aims at investigating the potential role of ncRNAs in regulating MSLN, PIG-C and CD80 in BC. METHODS Potential ncRNAs were filtered by bioinformatics algorithms. MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with RNA oligonucleotides. Surface CD80 and MSLN were assessed by FACS and immunofluorescence. Gene expression was tested by q-PCR. RESULTS PIG-C gene was overexpressed in TNBC and its manipulation altered MSLN surface level. Aligning with bioinformatics analysis, miR-2355 manipulated PIG-C and MSLN expression, while miR-455 manipulated CD80 expression. NEAT1 sponged both miRNAs. Paradoxically, NEAT1 lowered PIG-C gene expression while increased MSLN gene expression. CONCLUSION This study unravels novel immunotherapeutic targets for TNBC. NEAT1 is potential immunomodulator by sponging several miRNAs. Finally, this study highlights GPI pathway applications, therefore integrating epigenetics, post-translational modifications and immunomodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada H Hussein
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda A Eissa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M de Bruyn
- Obstrectics and Gynecology, University Hospital Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hend M El Tayebi
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, German University in Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Burton J, Wojewodzic MW, Rounge TB, Haugen TB. A Role of the TEX101 Interactome in the Common Aetiology Behind Male Subfertility and Testicular Germ Cell Tumor. Front Oncol 2022; 12:892043. [PMID: 35774118 PMCID: PMC9237224 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.892043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients who develop testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) are at higher risk to be subfertile than the general population. The conditions are believed to originate during foetal life, however, the mechanisms behind a common aetiology of TGCT and male subfertility remains unknown. Testis-expressed 101 (TEX101) is a glycoprotein that is related to male fertility, and downregulation of the TEX101 gene was shown in pre-diagnostic TGCT patients. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of TEX101 and its interactome related to fertility and TGCT development. We searched literature and compilation of data from curated databases. There are studies from both human and animals showing that disruption of TEX101 result in abnormal semen parameters and sperm function. Members of the TEX101 interactome, like SPATA19, Ly6k, PICK1, and ODF genes are important for normal sperm function. We found only two studies of TEX101 related to TGCT, however, several genes in its interactome may be associated with TGCT development, such as PLAUR, PRSS21, CD109, and ALP1. Some of the interactome members are related to both fertility and cancer. Of special interest is the presence of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins TEX101 and PRSS21 in basophils that may be coupled to the immune response preventing further development of TGCT precursor cells. The findings of this review indicate that members of the TEX101 interactome could be a part of the link between TGCT and male subfertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Burton
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet − Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marcin W. Wojewodzic
- Department of Environmental and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine B. Rounge
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Trine B. Haugen, ; Trine B. Rounge,
| | - Trine B. Haugen
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet − Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Trine B. Haugen, ; Trine B. Rounge,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mesothelin: An Immunotherapeutic Target beyond Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061550. [PMID: 35326701 PMCID: PMC8946840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review summarizes the current knowledge on mesothelin’s function, its role in cancer, and opportunities for immunotherapeutic targeting of mesothelin. Immunotherapies including monoclonal antibodies, antibody–drug conjugates, chimeric antigen receptor T and NK-cells, targeted alpha therapies, and bispecific T cell engaging molecules are reviewed. We show future directions for mesothelin targeting in hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia. Abstract Modern targeted cancer therapies rely on the overexpression of tumor associated antigens with very little to no expression in normal cell types. Mesothelin is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface protein that has been identified in many different tumor types, including lung adenocarcinomas, ovarian carcinomas, and most recently in hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although the function of mesothelin is widely unknown, interactions with MUC16/CA125 indicate that mesothelin plays a role in the regulation of proliferation, growth, and adhesion signaling. Most research on mesothelin currently focuses on utilizing mesothelin to design targeted cancer therapies such as monoclonal antibodies, antibody–drug conjugates, chimeric antigen receptor T and NK cells, bispecific T cell engaging molecules, and targeted alpha therapies, amongst others. Both in vitro and in vivo studies using different immunotherapeutic modalities in mesothelin-positive AML models highlight the potential impact of this approach as a unique opportunity to treat hard-to-cure AML.
Collapse
|
43
|
Gene Expression Analysis of Biphasic Pleural Mesothelioma: New Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030674. [PMID: 35328227 PMCID: PMC8947498 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biphasic is the second most common histotype of pleural mesothelioma (PM). It shares epithelioid and sarcomatoid features and is challenging to diagnose. The aim of this study was to identify biphasic PM markers to improve subtyping and prognosis definition. The expression levels of 117 cancer genes, evaluated using the nanoString system, were compared between the three major histotypes (epithelioid, sarcomatoid, and biphasic), and expression differences within biphasic PM were evaluated in relation to the percentage of epithelioid components. Biphasic PM overexpressed CTNNA1 and TIMP3 in comparison to sarcomatoid, and COL16A1 and SDC1 in comparison to epithelioid PM. CFB, MSLN, CLDN15, SERPINE1, and PAK4 were deregulated among all histotypes, leading to the hypothesis of a gradual expression from epithelioid to sarcomatoid PM. According to gene expression, biphasic PM samples were divided in two clusters with a significant difference in the epithelioid component. ADCY4, COL1A1, and COL4A2 were overexpressed in the biphasic group with a low percentage of epithelioid component. Survival analysis using TCGA data showed that high COL1A1 and COL4A2 expression levels correlate with poor survival in PM patients. Herein, we identified markers with the potential to improve diagnosis and prognostic stratification of biphasic PM, which is still an orphan tumor.
Collapse
|
44
|
Dorman K, Heinemann V, Kobold S, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Boeck S. Novel systemic treatment approaches for metastatic pancreatic cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:249-262. [PMID: 35114868 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2037552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a 5-year overall survival rate of 10 %, emphasizing the need for more effective therapies, especially in metastatic disease. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, poor vascularization, and dense tumor stroma typical for PDAC are hurdles that need to be overcome by novel drugs. Investigations are moving towards more targeted treatments including immunotherapy and cell-based approaches. AREAS COVERED This article reviews emerging drugs in clinical development for metastatic PDAC, focusing on cellular therapies and novel treatments targeting metabolism, tumor stroma, oncogenic pathways and immunosuppression. With immunotherapy and CAR T cell therapy on the rise in hematological malignancies, the transfer to solid tumors remains intriguing. Multiple exciting clinical trials investigating innovative therapeutic strategies for PDAC are currently ongoing and reviewed herein. ClinicalTrials.gov, conference abstracts and PubMed were searched in August 2021 and assessed for information on ongoing and published clinical studies. EXPERT OPINION With many challenges to overcome, the optimal therapy for patients with metastatic PDAC is likely to consist of a combination of different agents. We are slowly moving from entity-dependent approaches to ones more focused on molecular and pathological features. Increasingly personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient may be the future of PDAC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klara Dorman
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Heinemann
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Boeck
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Asimgil H, Ertetik U, Çevik NC, Ekizce M, Doğruöz A, Gökalp M, Arık-Sever E, Istvanffy R, Friess H, Ceyhan GO, Demir IE. Targeting the undruggable oncogenic KRAS: the dawn of hope. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e153688. [PMID: 35014625 PMCID: PMC8765045 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations are the drivers of various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Over the last 30 years, immense efforts have been made to inhibit KRAS mutants and oncogenic KRAS signaling using inhibitors. Recently, specific targeting of KRAS mutants with small molecules revived the hopes for successful therapies for lung, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer patients. Moreover, advances in gene editing, protein engineering, and drug delivery formulations have revolutionized cancer therapy regimens. New therapies aim to improve immune surveillance and enhance antitumor immunity by precisely targeting cancer cells harboring oncogenic KRAS. Here, we review recent KRAS-targeting strategies, their therapeutic potential, and remaining challenges to overcome. We also highlight the potential synergistic effects of various combinatorial therapies in preclinical and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hande Asimgil
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary-Unit, School of Medicine, Kerem Aydınlar Campus at Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utku Ertetik
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary-Unit, School of Medicine, Kerem Aydınlar Campus at Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nedim Can Çevik
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary-Unit, School of Medicine, Kerem Aydınlar Campus at Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Menar Ekizce
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary-Unit, School of Medicine, Kerem Aydınlar Campus at Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Doğruöz
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary-Unit, School of Medicine, Kerem Aydınlar Campus at Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muazzez Gökalp
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary-Unit, School of Medicine, Kerem Aydınlar Campus at Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Arık-Sever
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary-Unit, School of Medicine, Kerem Aydınlar Campus at Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rouzanna Istvanffy
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- SFB/Collaborative Research Centre 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- SFB/Collaborative Research Centre 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Munich, Germany
| | - Güralp Onur Ceyhan
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary-Unit, School of Medicine, Kerem Aydınlar Campus at Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary-Unit, School of Medicine, Kerem Aydınlar Campus at Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- SFB/Collaborative Research Centre 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Munich, Germany
- Else Kröner Clinician Scientist Professor for Translational Pancreatic Surgery, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Li D, Lin S, Hong J, Ho M. Immunotherapy for hepatobiliary cancers: Emerging targets and translational advances. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 156:415-449. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
47
|
Rottey S, Clarke J, Aung K, Machiels JP, Markman B, Heinhuis KM, Millward M, Lolkema M, Patel SP, de Souza P, Duca M, Curigliano G, Santoro A, Koyama T, Brown M, Vezina H, He C, Chu QSC. Phase I/IIa Trial of BMS-986148, an Anti-mesothelin Antibody-drug Conjugate, Alone or in Combination with Nivolumab in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:95-105. [PMID: 34615718 PMCID: PMC9401510 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the safety and tolerability of BMS-986148, a mesothelin-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) ± nivolumab, in patients with selected tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS In an international phase I/IIa study [NCT02341625 (CA008-002)], patients received BMS-986148 monotherapy (0.1-1.6 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.) every 3 weeks or 0.4 or 0.6 mg/kg i.v. once weekly; n = 96) or BMS-986148 0.8 mg/kg + nivolumab 360 mg i.v. every 3 weeks (n = 30). The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability. RESULTS In CA008-002, the most common (≥ 10%) treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) included increased aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Grade 3/4 TRAEs occurred in 42 patients (49%) receiving BMS-986148 every 3 weeks monotherapy, three (25%) receiving BMS-986148 once-weekly monotherapy, and 10 (33%) receiving BMS-986148 + nivolumab every 3 weeks. Overall, 17 of 126 patients (13%) discontinued because of a TRAE. The MTD of BMS-986148 was 1.2 mg/kg i.v. every 3 weeks. The safety profile of BMS-986148 + nivolumab was similar to that of BMS-986148 monotherapy (0.8 mg/kg). Active ADC exposures increased in a dose-proportional manner with both dosing regimens (every 3 weeks and once weekly). Preliminary clinical activity was observed with BMS-986148 ± nivolumab. No association between mesothelin expression and response was detected. CONCLUSIONS BMS-986148 ± nivolumab demonstrated a clinically manageable safety profile and preliminary evidence of clinical activity, supporting additional studies combining directed cytotoxic therapies with checkpoint inhibitors as potential multimodal therapeutic strategies in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyaw Aung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ben Markman
- Monash Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Michael Millward
- Linear Clinical Research and the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Sandip Pravin Patel
- University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Paul de Souza
- Western Sydney University School of Medicine, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matteo Duca
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Armando Santoro
- Humanitas University, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Quincy Siu-Chung Chu
- Cross Cancer Center Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Corresponding Author: Quincy Siu-Chung Chu, Department of Medical Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada. Phone: 780-577-8082; Fax: 780-432-8888; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fuji H, Miller G, Nishio T, Koyama Y, Lam K, Zhang V, Loomba R, Brenner D, Kisseleva T. The role of Mesothelin signaling in Portal Fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:790032. [PMID: 34966784 PMCID: PMC8710774 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.790032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis develops in response to chronic toxic or cholestatic injury, and is characterized by apoptosis of damaged hepatocytes, development of inflammatory responses, and activation of Collagen Type I producing myofibroblasts that make liver fibrotic. Two major cell types, Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSCs) and Portal Fibroblasts (PFs) are the major source of hepatic myofibroblasts. Hepatotoxic liver injury activates Hepatic Stellate Cells (aHSCs) to become myofibroblasts, while cholestatic liver injury activates both aHSCs and Portal Fibroblasts (aPFs). aPFs comprise the major population of myofibroblasts at the onset of cholestatic injury, while aHSCs are increasingly activated with fibrosis progression. Here we summarize our current understanding of the role of aPFs in the pathogenesis of cholestatic fibrosis, their unique features, and outline the potential mechanism of targeting aPFs in fibrotic liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Fuji
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Grant Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Takahiro Nishio
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukinori Koyama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kevin Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Vivian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - David Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lee HH, Kim I, Kim UK, Choi SS, Kim TY, Lee D, Lee Y, Lee J, Jo J, Lee YT, Lee HJ, Kim SJ, Ahn JS. Therapeutic effiacy of T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptor derived from a mesothelin-specific scFv in orthotopic human pancreatic cancer animal models. Neoplasia 2021; 24:98-108. [PMID: 34954452 PMCID: PMC8718570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel CAR T cells targeting mesothelin (MSLN) expressed on pancreatic cancer cells were developed to overcome the limit of the clinical efficacy of CAR T cell therapy for pancreatic cancer patients. Optimal single-chain variable fragments (scFv) binding to MSLN were selected based on the binding activity and the functional effectiveness of various scFv containing CAR-expressing T cells. Engineered MSLN CAR T cells showed successful anti-tumor activity specific to MSLN expression level. Furthermore, MSLN CAR T cells were evaluated for the anti-cancer efficacy in orthotopic mouse models bearing pancreatic cancer cells, MIA Paca-2, MSLN-overexpressed MIA Paca-2 or endogenously MSLN-expressing AsPC-1. Mice were randomized into control, mock treated, MS501 BBz treated, MS501 28z treated or MS501 28BBz treated group. Mice were monitored by weekly IVIS imaging and tumors were harvested and analyzed by immunohistochemical analyses. MSLN CAR T cells produced the therapeutic effect in orthotopic animal models with complete remission in significant number of mice. Histopathological analysis indicated that CD4+ and CD8+ MSLN CAR T cells infiltrated pancreatic tumor tissue and led to cancer cell eradication. Our results demonstrated the anti-tumor efficacy of MSLN CAR T cell therapy against pancreatic cancer, suggesting its therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ho Lee
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Irene Kim
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Kyo Kim
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk San Choi
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yang Kim
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahea Lee
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngeun Lee
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhui Jo
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Platbio, Inc, Platbio, Inc, #1501, Ace Gwanggyo Tower2, 91 Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggido 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jin Kim
- Platbio, Inc, Platbio, Inc, #1501, Ace Gwanggyo Tower2, 91 Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggido 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Seong Ahn
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Exploiting mesothelin in thymic carcinoma as a drug delivery target for anetumab ravtansine. Br J Cancer 2021; 126:754-763. [PMID: 34876673 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymic epithelial tumours (TETs) are rare tumours comprised of thymomas and thymic carcinoma. Novel therapies are needed, especially in thymic carcinoma where the 5-year survival rate hovers at 30%. Mesothelin (MSLN), a surface glycoprotein that is cleaved to produce mature MSLN (mMSLN) and megakaryocyte potentiating factor (MPF), is expressed in limited tissues. However, its expression is present in various cancers, including thymic carcinoma, where it is expressed in 79% of cases. METHODS We utilised flow cytometry, in vitro cytotoxicity assays, and an in vivo xenograft model in order to demonstrate the ability of the MSLN targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) anetumab ravtansine (ARav) in inhibiting the growth of thymic carcinoma. RESULTS Thymoma and thymic carcinoma cell lines express MSLN, and anetumab, the antibody moiety of ARav, was capable of binding MSLN expressing thymic carcinoma cells and internalising. ARav was effective at inhibiting the growth of thymic carcinoma cells stably transfected with mMSLN in vitro. In vivo, 15 mg/kg ARav inhibited T1889 xenograft tumour growth, while combining 7.5 mg/kg ARav with 4 mg/kg cisplatin yielded an additive effect on inhibiting tumour growth. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that anetumab ravtansine inhibits the growth of MSLN positive thymic carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
|