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Younes S, Zhao S, Bharadwaj S, Mosquera AP, Libert D, Johnsrud A, Majzner RG, Miklos DB, Frank MJ, Natkunam Y. Detection of Aberrant CD58 Expression in a Wide Spectrum of Lymphoma Subtypes: Implications for Treatment Resistance. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100256. [PMID: 37391168 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
CD58 or lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3, is a ligand for CD2 receptors on T and NK cells and is required for their activation and target cell killing. We recently showed a trend toward higher frequency of CD58 aberrations in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who progressed on chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell treatment compared with those who responded. Given that CD58 status may be an important measure of T-cell-mediated therapy failure, we developed a CD58 immunohistochemical assay and evaluated CD58 status in 748 lymphomas. Our results show that CD58 protein expression is downregulated in a significant proportion of all subtypes of B-, T-, and NK-cell lymphomas. CD58 loss is significantly related to poor prognostic indicators in DLBCL and to ALK and DUSP22 rearrangements in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. However, it is not associated with overall or progression-free survival in any of the lymphoma subtypes. As eligibility for chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell therapy is being extended to a broader spectrum of lymphomas, mechanisms of resistance, such as target downregulation and CD58 loss, may limit therapeutic success. CD58 status is therefore an important biomarker in lymphoma patients who may benefit from next-generation T-cell-mediated therapies or other novel approaches that mitigate immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheren Younes
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Shuchun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Sushma Bharadwaj
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Diane Libert
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Andrew Johnsrud
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Robbie G Majzner
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - David B Miklos
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Matthew J Frank
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Yasodha Natkunam
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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2
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Ohmoto A, Fuji S. Prospects of early therapeutic interventions for indolent adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma based on the chronic lymphocytic leukemia progression model. Blood Rev 2023; 60:101057. [PMID: 36828681 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) has aggressive clinical behaviors, and improving its prognosis is a great challenge. A disease progression model from asymptomatic human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 carrier to aggressive-type ATLL has been proposed, and indolent ATLL comprising a smoldering or favorable chronic type is located at the midpoint. Even the most favorable smoldering type has a 4-year overall survival rate of <60%. Although watchful waiting is pervasive in patients with indolent ATLL, early therapeutic intervention is discussed among hematologists. Indolent ATLL was once termed T-cell-derived chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Unlike indolent ATLL, several molecular-targeted agents at the initial treatment have dramatically improved CLL prognosis. Recent studies on CLL have revealed a similar progression model involving premalignant monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL). In particular, individuals with high-count MBL have an increased lymphoma risk. Considering the unsatisfactory long-term prognosis of indolent ATLL, further treatment strategies, including precision medicine, are warranted.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Humans
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/etiology
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/etiology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Prognosis
- Antineoplastic Agents
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ohmoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 1358550, Japan; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shigeo Fuji
- Department of Hematology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 5418567, Japan.
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3
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Prognostic analysis of smoldering ATLL with skin eruptions based on genomic aberrations. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 109:80-88. [PMID: 36842846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with smoldering ATLL often present with a skin eruption due to skin infiltration of ATLL cells. Although skin eruption type is known to be associated with prognosis based on its pattern, it is unknown why different types of skin eruptions are associated with different prognoses. OBJECTIVE Genomic analysis of patients with skin eruptions of smoldering ATLL will be performed to determine the mechanism of ATLL development and its association with prognosis. METHODS DNA from skin biopsy specimens was used for targeted sequencing of 280 genes to examine the association between genomic variation and prognosis. RESULTS Due to the small number of smoldering ATLL patients (27 cases), we could not find a clear relationship between skin eruption and prognosis in this study. Genomic analysis identified 247 genomic variants (108 genes), with an average of 9.2 variants and 3.2 variants as driver genes. Pathway analysis of the driver genes showed activation of the pathway associated with HTLV-1 infection, as well as activation of the signaling pathway observed throughout ATLL. Furthermore, multivariate analysis identified age>70 years and STAT3 mutation as prognostic risk factors and TBL1XR1 mutation as a risk factor for progression-free survival. CONCLUSION Although the small number of patient samples did not allow us to determine a prognostic association with skin eruption, STAT3 mutation was identified as a prognostic risk factor for smoldering ATLL with skin eruption. Further studies are needed to increase the number of patients with this disease.
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Genome-wide CRISPR screens identify CD48 defining susceptibility to NK cytotoxicity in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Blood 2022; 140:1951-1963. [PMID: 35921533 PMCID: PMC9837448 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is one of the aggressive peripheral T-cell neoplasms with a poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that escape from adaptive immunity is a hallmark of ATLL pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which ATLL cells evade natural killer (NK)-cell-mediated immunity have been poorly understood. Here we show that CD48 expression in ATLL cells determines the sensitivity for NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against ATLL cells. We performed unbiased genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) screening using 2 ATLL-derived cell lines and discovered CD48 as one of the best-enriched genes whose knockout conferred resistance to YT1-NK cell line-mediated cytotoxicity. The ability of CD48-knockout ATLL cells to evade NK-cell effector function was confirmed using human primary NK cells with reduced interferon-γ (IFNγ) induction and degranulation. We found that primary ATLL cells had reduced CD48 expression along with disease progression. Furthermore, other subgroups among aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) also expressed lower concentrations of CD48 than normal T cells, suggesting that CD48 is a key molecule in malignant T-cell evasion of NK-cell surveillance. Thus, this study demonstrates that CD48 expression is likely critical for malignant T-cell lymphoma cell regulation of NK-cell-mediated immunity and provides a rationale for future evaluation of CD48 as a molecular biomarker in NK-cell-associated immunotherapies.
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Pathological and Molecular Features of Nodal Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12082001. [PMID: 36010351 PMCID: PMC9407466 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12082001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are uncommon neoplasms derived from mature T cells or NK cells. PTCLs comprise numerous disease entities, with over 30 distinct entities listed in the latest WHO classification. They predominantly affect adults and elderly people and usually exhibit an aggressive clinical course with poor prognosis. According to their presentation, PTCLs can be divided into nodal, extranodal or cutaneous, and leukemic types. The most frequent primary sites of PTCLs are lymph nodes, with over half of cases showing nodal presentation. Nodal PTCLs include ALK-positive and ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma; nodal T-cell lymphoma with T follicular helper cell origin; and PTCL, not otherwise specified. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma also frequently affects lymph nodes. Recent pathological and molecular findings in nodal PTCLs have profoundly advanced the identification of tumor signatures and the refinement of the classification. Therefore, the therapies and pathological diagnosis of nodal PTCLs are continually evolving. This paper aims to provide a summary and update of the pathological and molecular features of nodal PTCLs, which will be helpful for diagnostic practice.
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Sakihama S, Karube K. Genetic Alterations in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: Novel Discoveries with Clinical and Biological Significance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2394. [PMID: 35625999 PMCID: PMC9139356 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a refractory T-cell neoplasm that develops in human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-1) carriers. Large-scale comprehensive genomic analyses have uncovered the landscape of genomic alterations of ATLL and have identified several altered genes related to prognosis. The genetic alterations in ATLL are extremely enriched in the T-cell receptor/nuclear factor-κB pathway, suggesting a pivotal role of deregulation in this pathway in the transformation of HTLV-1-infected cells. Recent studies have revealed the process of transformation of HTLV-1-infected cells by analyzing longitudinal samples from HTLV-1 carriers and patients with overt ATLL, an endeavor that might enable earlier ATLL diagnosis. The latest whole-genome sequencing study discovered 11 novel alterations, including CIC long isoform, which had been overlooked in previous studies employing exome sequencing. Our study group performed the targeted sequencing of ATLL in Okinawa, the southernmost island in Japan and an endemic area of HTLV-1, where the comprehensive genetic alterations had never been analyzed. We found associations of genetic alterations with HTLV-1 strains phylogenetically classified based on the tax gene, an etiological virus factor in ATLL. This review summarizes the genetic alterations in ATLL, with a focus on their clinical significance, geographical heterogeneity, and association with HTLV-1 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Sakihama
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan
| | - Kennosuke Karube
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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7
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Zhang Y, Liu Q, Yang S, Liao Q. CD58 Immunobiology at a Glance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705260. [PMID: 34168659 PMCID: PMC8218816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycoprotein CD58, also known as lymphocyte-function antigen 3 (LFA-3), is a costimulatory receptor distributed on a broad range of human tissue cells. Its natural ligand CD2 is primarily expressed on the surface of T/NK cells. The CD2-CD58 interaction is an important component of the immunological synapse (IS) that induces activation and proliferation of T/NK cells and triggers a series of intracellular signaling in T/NK cells and target cells, respectively, in addition to promoting cell adhesion and recognition. Furthermore, a soluble form of CD58 (sCD58) is also present in cellular supernatant in vitro and in local tissues in vivo. The sCD58 is involved in T/NK cell-mediated immune responses as an immunosuppressive factor by affecting CD2-CD58 interaction. Altered accumulation of sCD58 may lead to immunosuppression of T/NK cells in the tumor microenvironment, allowing sCD58 as a novel immunotherapeutic target. Recently, the crucial roles of costimulatory molecule CD58 in immunomodulation seem to be reattracting the interests of investigators. In particular, the CD2-CD58 interaction is involved in the regulation of antiviral responses, inflammatory responses in autoimmune diseases, immune rejection of transplantation, and immune evasion of tumor cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of CD58 immunobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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8
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Clinical Applications of Genomic Alterations in ATLL: Predictive Markers and Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081801. [PMID: 33918793 PMCID: PMC8068906 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review paper, we aim to summarize recent findings of genomic alterations found in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), which is an incurable disease induced by a virus; human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Genomic alterations of ATLL have been comprehensively analyzed and the identified alterations and HTLV-1 infection synergistically act for ATLL development. As HTLV-1 is an endemic disease, ATLL frequently occurs in the endemic areas. Current clinicogenomic analyses suggest the existence of regional difference in ATLL pathophysiology. From a clinical perspective, several studies identified alterations that act as predictive markers and that a part of the alterations can be targetable in ATLL. The alterations can be leveraged to improve ATLL prognosis. Abstract Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Recent comprehensive genomic analyses have revealed the genomic landscape. One of the important findings of genomic alterations in ATLL is that almost all alterations are subclonal, suggesting that therapeutic strategies targeting a genomic alteration will result in partial effects. Among the identified alterations, genes involved in T-cell receptor signaling and immune escape mechanisms, such as PLCG1, CARD11, and PD-L1 (also known as CD274), are characteristic of ATLL alterations. From a geographic perspective, ATLL patients in Caribbean islands tend to be younger than those in Japan and the landscape differs between the two areas. Additionally, young Japanese ATLL patients frequently have CD28 fusions, compared with unselected Japanese cases. From a clinical perspective, PD-L1 amplification is an independent prognostic factor among every subtype of ATLL case. Recently, genomic analysis using deep sequencing identified a pre-ATLL clone with ATLL-common mutations in HTLV-1 carriers before development, indicating that genomic analysis can stratify cases based on the risks of development and mortality. In addition to genomic alterations, targetable super-enhancers have been identified in ATLL. These data can be leveraged to improve the prognosis of ATLL.
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9
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Yoshida N, Yamada K, Ohshima K. Comprehensive genomic analysis identifying heterogeneity in peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1339-1347. [PMID: 33576080 PMCID: PMC8019213 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a heterogeneous entity generally with a poor prognosis. Recent genomic analyses have characterized genomic alterations and described gene expression profiling and epigenetic mechanisms in PTCL, leading to reveal molecular pathophysiology in detail. One of several important findings is that heterogeneities exist in both the disease and in individuals. Among PTCL subtypes, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) are common in Japan. ATLL is an incurable T-cell malignancy induced by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The global genomics of ATLL can be summarized as alterations involving T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling and immune escape mechanisms. This highlights the fact that ATLL is a viral-mediated T-cell malignancy. Interestingly, several previous studies have found that the genomics of ATLL differ according to geographical region and age at diagnosis, suggesting disease heterogeneity, though they share HTLV-1 infection as initial disease hit. Clonal expansion of the cells acquired by somatic mutations in ATLL-related genes is identified in a part of HTLV-1 carriers who developed ATLL later. The risk for ATLL may be updated based on findings in detail. PTCL-NOS is a heterogeneous disease type of T-cell lymphoma that does not correspond to any other type of PTCL. Several studies have stratified PTCL-NOS according to transcriptional, genomic, microenvironmental, and clinical aspects. These kinds of analysis from multiple aspects are useful to understand the heterogeneous group. These efforts will help guide suitable translational research to target PTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kyohei Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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10
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Sakihama S, Morichika K, Saito R, Miyara M, Miyagi T, Hayashi M, Uchihara J, Tomoyose T, Ohshiro K, Nakayama S, Nakachi S, Morishima S, Sakai K, Nishio K, Masuzaki H, Fukushima T, Karube K. Genetic profile of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in Okinawa: Association with prognosis, ethnicity, and HTLV-1 strains. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1300-1309. [PMID: 33426772 PMCID: PMC7935801 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations in adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), a T‐cell malignancy associated with HTLV‐1, and their clinical impacts, especially from the perspective of viral strains, are not fully elucidated. We employed targeted next‐generation sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism array for 89 patients with ATLL in Okinawa, the southernmost islands in Japan, where the frequency of HTLV‐1 tax subgroup‐A (HTLV‐1‐taxA) is notably higher than that in mainland Japan, where most ATLL cases have HTLV‐1‐taxB, and compared the results with previously reported genomic landscapes of ATLL in mainland Japan and the USA. Okinawan patients exhibited similar mutation profiles to mainland Japanese patients, with frequent alterations in TCR/NF‐ĸB (eg, PRKCB, PLCG1, and CARD11) and T‐cell trafficking pathways (CCR4 and CCR7), in contrast with North American patients who exhibited a predominance of epigenome‐associated gene mutations. Some mutations, especially GATA3 and RHOA, were detected more frequently in Okinawan patients than in mainland Japanese patients. Compared to HTLV‐1‐taxB, HTLV‐1‐taxA was significantly dominant in Okinawan patients with these mutations (GATA3, 34.1% vs 14.6%, P = .044; RHOA, 24.4% vs 6.3%, P = .032), suggesting the contribution of viral strains to these mutation frequencies. From a clinical viewpoint, we identified a significant negative impact of biallelic inactivation of PRDM1 (P = .027) in addition to the previously reported PRKCB mutations, indicating the importance of integrated genetic analysis. This study suggests that heterogeneous genetic abnormalities in ATLL depend on the viral strain as well as on the ethnic background. This warrants the need to develop therapeutic interventions considering regional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Sakihama
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Kazuho Morichika
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Rumiko Saito
- Life Science Analytic Center, Life Science Business Office, Corporate Technology Planning Division, Toshiba Corporation, Sendai, Japan
| | - Megumi Miyara
- Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Okinawa University, Naha, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyagi
- Department of Hematology, Heartlife Hospital, Nakagusuku, Japan
| | - Masaki Hayashi
- Department of Hematology, Nakagami Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | - Takeaki Tomoyose
- Department of Hematology, Okinawa Red Cross Hospital, Naha, Japan
| | - Kazuiku Ohshiro
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center & Children's Medical Center, Haebaru, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakayama
- Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Sawako Nakachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Satoko Morishima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Takuya Fukushima
- Laboratory of Hematoimmunology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Kennosuke Karube
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
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11
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Takeuchi M, Miyoshi H, Ohshima K. Tumor microenvironment of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. J Clin Exp Hematop 2021; 61:202-209. [PMID: 34937829 PMCID: PMC8808106 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.21007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a malignancy caused by the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. Aggressive ATLL is refractory to conventional chemotherapy and has a poor prognosis. Better therapeutic approaches, including cancer immunotherapy, are required to improve survival and prognosis. The genetic landscape of ATLL reveals frequent genetic alterations in genes associated with immune surveillance, including major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, CD58 antigen, and programmed cell death ligand 1. Clinicopathological investigations also revealed tumor immunity mechanisms in ATLL, including immune checkpoint molecules, MHC molecules, tumor-associated macrophages, and chemokines. However, the tumor microenvironment of ATLL remains complex because ATLL itself originates from T-cells, usually expressing regulatory T-cell markers. In this review, we discuss the recent literature describing the tumor microenvironment of ATLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
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12
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Genomic landscape of young ATLL patients identifies frequent targetable CD28 fusions. Blood 2020; 135:1467-1471. [PMID: 31961925 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in Japan presents at a median age of 70 years and only 5% of patients are <50 years of age. We conducted RNA and targeted DNA sequencing of 8 ATLLs from Japanese patients <50 years of age and identified 3 (37.5%) with both CTLA4-CD28 and inducible costimulator (ICOS)-CD28 fusions. Mutations of PLCG1, PRKCB, and STAT3, which were frequent in other ATLL-sequencing studies, were not identified. Differential expression analysis identified the negative checkpoint molecule LAG3 as the most downregulated gene among cases with the fusions. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated expression of CD80 and CD86, the ligands for CTLA4 and CD28, on ATLL cells and tumor-associated macrophages, respectively. Expression of CTLA4-CD28 in Ba/F3 cells conferred cytokine-independent growth when cocultured with Raji cells that express CD80 and CD86. Growth was associated with recruitment of the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to CTLA4-CD28 and phosphorylation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. A CTLA4-blocking antibody reduced cytokine-independent growth in a dose-dependent manner. Together, these results suggest that young Japanese ATLL cases have a unique biology dependent on cell-nonautonomous interactions that drive CD28 signaling. Assessment for CD28 fusions and treatment with CTLA4 blockade should be considered in younger patients with relapsed/refractory ATLL.
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13
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Yoshida N, Miyoshi H, Arakawa F, Nakashima K, Kawamoto K, Seto M, Ohshima K. Cytokine-related genes play critical roles in extrafollicular growth of follicular lymphoma cells. Hematol Oncol 2020; 38:673-679. [PMID: 32835439 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a germinal center-derived B-cell lymphoma that is known to proliferate in the intrafollicular region. However, lymphoma cells can be identified in the extrafollicular regions, which are related to disease dissemination. We purified the intrafollicular and extrafollicular regions of FL cells by laser microdissection and conducted microarray analysis in order to characterize the gene expression profiles of FL cells from both regions. BCL2 and genes of germinal B-cell markers clearly separated intrafollicular and extrafollicular regions of reactive follicular hyperplasia, suggesting the adequacy of the current analysis. In FL cases, cytokine-related genes were significantly enriched in extrafollicular regions compared with those in the intrafollicular regions. In intrafollicular regions of FL, cell-cycle-related genes were enriched. We found that the FL cells in the extrafollicular region more strongly expressed IL3RA and CXCL12 than those of intrafollicular regions. The cytokines might be also derived from stroma cells in the extrafollicular regions, which may initiate activation and migration of the tumor cells to this region. Our results suggest that FL cell interaction with surrounding stroma cells plays an important role in the pathophysiology of FL and that such interactions should be a good target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumiko Arakawa
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Nakashima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawamoto
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masao Seto
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
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14
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Moritsubo M, Miyoshi H, Matsuda K, Yoshida N, Nakashima K, Yanagida E, Yamada K, Takeuchi M, Suzuki T, Muta H, Umeno T, Furuta T, Seto M, Ohshima K. TACC3 expression as a prognostic factor in aggressive types of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patients. Int J Lab Hematol 2020; 42:842-848. [PMID: 32744749 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a malignant peripheral T-cell neoplasm associated with human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1). The acute and lymphoma subtypes are regarded as aggressive ATLLs, and the overall survival (OS) of patients remains poor. Transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 (TACC3) regulates microtubules, which are associated with cancer-related proteins overexpressed in various cancers. Such a relationship has not been reported in hematopoietic tumors, including ATLL. METHODS We examined tissue microarrays of histological samples from 92 cases of aggressive ATLL and assessed clinical features, including TACC3 protein expression levels. RESULTS Compared with TACC3-low, TACC3-high ATLL patients were significantly older (P < .001), with a tendency toward pleomorphic variant over other morphological classifications (P = .019). TACC3-high patients (median survival time [MST] 10.6 months, confidence interval [CI] [6.27-15.6]) had poorer OS compared to TACC3-low patients (MST 20 months, CI [9.43-38.5]) (P = .0168). Moreover, multivariate analysis on TACC3 expression levels suggests that TACC3-high is an independent significant prognostic factor (HR, 1.700; 95% CI, 1.037-2.753; P = .0355). CONCLUSION Certain drugs that inhibit TACC3-overexpressing neoplastic cells are used clinically. Further studies might highlight a key role for TACC3 in the oncogenesis and progression of ATLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Moritsubo
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic surgery, Kurume University School of medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriaki Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Nakashima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eriko Yanagida
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyohei Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mai Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaharu Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Muta
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Umeno
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Furuta
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masao Seto
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
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15
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Chinen S, Miyagi T, Murakami Y, Takatori M, Sakihama S, Nakazato I, Kariya Y, Yamaguchi S, Takahashi K, Karube K. Dermatopathic reaction of lymph nodes in HTLV-1 carriers: a spectrum of reactive and neoplastic lesions. Histopathology 2020; 77:133-143. [PMID: 32162348 PMCID: PMC7383570 DOI: 10.1111/his.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dermatopathic reaction is a histopathological finding of lymph nodes that usually occurs in patients with inflammatory pruritic cutaneous lesions. However, it is sometimes seen in patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a T cell malignancy caused by infection with human T cell leukaemia virus type I (HTLV-1), which is frequently accompanied by cutaneous lesions. However, the detailed clinicopathological characteristics of the dermatopathic reaction of lymph nodes in ATLL patients and HTLV-1 carriers, addressed in this study, remains to be clarified. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively analysed 18 nodal lesions with dermatopathic reaction in HTLV-1 carriers. Axillary and inguinal lymph nodes were the primary affected tissues. Three cases with atypical lymphoid cell infiltration were defined as ATLL with dermatopathic reaction (ATLL-D), showing an abnormal T cell immunophenotype and T cell monoclonality. Two of the three ATLL-D patients died 14 and 7 months after diagnosis (the third case had a very short follow-up). The other 15 patients were indistinguishable from reactive lesions and were defined as HTLV-1-associated lymphadenitis with dermatopathic reaction (HAL-D). They showed an indolent clinical course, with only one case eventually transforming to aggressive disease. CONCLUSIONS Lymph node lesions accompanied by dermatopathic reaction in HTLV1 carriers represent a spectrum that includes reactive and neoplastic conditions. HAL-D should be distinguished from ATLL-D, especially to avoid overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Chinen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyagi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuyoshi Takatori
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shugo Sakihama
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Iwao Nakazato
- Department of Pathology, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kariya
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kenzo Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kennosuke Karube
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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16
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Otsuka Y, Nishikori M, Arima H, Izumi K, Kitawaki T, Hishizawa M, Takaori-Kondo A. EZH2 inhibitors restore epigenetically silenced CD58 expression in B-cell lymphomas. Mol Immunol 2020; 119:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Morichika K, Karube K, Kayo H, Uchino S, Nishi Y, Nakachi S, Okamoto S, Morishima S, Ohshiro K, Nakazato I, Fukushima T, Masuzaki H. Phosphorylated STAT3 expression predicts better prognosis in smoldering type of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2982-2991. [PMID: 31237072 PMCID: PMC6726676 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a mature T‐cell neoplasm, and is divided into 2 indolent (smoldering and chronic) and 2 aggressive (acute and lymphoma) clinical subtypes. Based on previous integrated molecular analyses suggesting the importance of the JAK‐STAT pathway in ATLL, we attempted to clarify the clinicopathological significance of this pathway. Clinical and morphological findings were reviewed in 116 cases with ATLL. The nuclear localizations of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), pSTAT5, and pSTAT6 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Targeted sequencing was undertaken on the portion of STAT3 encoding the Src homology 2 domain. Expression of pSTAT3 was observed in 43% (50/116) of ATLL cases, whereas pSTAT5 and pSTAT6 were largely undetected. Cases with the lymphoma type showed significantly less frequent pSTAT3 expression (8/45, 18%) than those with the other subtypes (41/66, 62%; P < .001). STAT3 mutations were detected in 36% (10/28) and 19% (12/64) of cases with the smoldering and aggressive types of ATLL, respectively. The correlation between STAT3 mutation and pSTAT3 expression was not significant (P = .07). Both univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that pSTAT3 expression was significantly associated with better overall survival and progression‐free survival in the smoldering type of ATLL, whereas STAT3 mutation was not related to a line of clinical outcome. Collectively, our data show that only the lymphoma type showed a low prevalence of tumor cells positive for pSTAT3 expression, and raises the possibility that pSTAT3 expression is a novel biomarker to predict better prognosis in the smoldering type of ATLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuho Morichika
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Kennosuke Karube
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Hirona Kayo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Shuta Uchino
- Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Sawako Nakachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Shiki Okamoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Satoko Morishima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Kazuiku Ohshiro
- Department of Hematology, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Haebaru, Japan
| | - Iwao Nakazato
- Department of Pathology, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Haebaru, Japan
| | - Takuya Fukushima
- Laboratory of Hematoimmunology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
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18
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Taniguchi H, Imaizumi Y, Takasaki Y, Nakashima J, Kato T, Itonaga H, Sato S, Sawayama Y, Ando K, Hasegawa H, Hata T, Moriuchi Y, Tsukasaki K, Miyazaki Y. Clinical features at transformation in adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma with smoldering and chronic types. Int J Hematol 2019; 109:402-408. [PMID: 30680667 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Watchful waiting (WW) is among the treatment options indicated for patients with indolent adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL). However, we previously showed that the long-term prognosis of patients with smoldering and chronic ATL is often worse than expected, with many undergoing transformation to aggressive ATL. To identify clinical features associated with transformation of smoldering/chronic ATL, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical features of 44 patients (14 smoldering and 30 chronic) who experienced transformation during WW. An elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) value was most often observed (n = 30) at the time of transformation, especially in the chronic type (n = 24). Major organ involvement, lymphadenopathy, and hypercalcemia were shown to be associated with transformation in transformed patients without elevated LDH. The median overall survival time after transformation was only 7.8 months, and the prognosis was poor after transformation in those fulfilling the criteria of acute type, similar to that of de novo aggressive ATL. Laboratory data, such as LDH, and clinical signs including exacerbation of performance status, skin lesions, and lymphadenopathy should all be monitored during WW to ensure appropriate timing of chemotherapy initiation. Identification of optimal predictive markers for transformation and new therapeutic options is warranted to improve outcomes in indolent ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Imaizumi
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Yumi Takasaki
- Department of Hematology, Saint Francis Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jun Nakashima
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kato
- Department of Hematology, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Itonaga
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sawayama
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hata
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | | | - Kunihiro Tsukasaki
- Department of Hematology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Miyazaki
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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19
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Farmanbar A, Firouzi S, Makałowski W, Kneller R, Iwanaga M, Utsunomiya A, Nakai K, Watanabe T. Mutational Intratumor Heterogeneity is a Complex and Early Event in the Development of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma. Neoplasia 2018; 20:883-893. [PMID: 30032036 PMCID: PMC6074008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The clonal architecture of tumors plays a vital role in their pathogenesis and invasiveness; however, it is not yet clear how this clonality contributes to different malignancies. In this study we sought to address mutational intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). ATL is a malignancy with an incompletely understood molecular pathogenesis caused by infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1). To determine the clonal structure through tumor genetic diversity profiles, we investigated 142 whole-exome sequencing data of tumor and matched normal samples from 71 ATL patients. Based on SciClone analysis, the ATL samples showed a wide spectrum of modes over clonal/subclonal frequencies ranging from one to nine clusters. The average number of clusters was six across samples, but the number of clusters differed among different samples. Of these ATL samples, 94% had more than two clusters. Aggressive ATL cases had slightly more clonal clusters than indolent types, indicating the presence of ITH during earlier stages of disease. The known significantly mutated genes in ATL were frequently clustered together and possibly coexisted in the same clone. IRF4, CCR4, TP53, and PLCG1 mutations were almost clustered in subclones with a moderate variant allele frequency (VAF), whereas HLA-B, CARD11, and NOTCH1 mutations were clustered in subclones with lower VAFs. Taken together, these results show that ATL displays a high degree of ITH and a complex subclonal structure. Our findings suggest that clonal/subclonal architecture might be a useful measure for prognostic purposes and personalized assessment of the therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Farmanbar
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Sanaz Firouzi
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Wojciech Makałowski
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster, Germany.
| | - Robert Kneller
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masako Iwanaga
- Department of Frontier Life Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Kenta Nakai
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Advanced Medical Innovation St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
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20
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Molecular profiling reveals immunogenic cues in anaplastic large cell lymphomas with DUSP22 rearrangements. Blood 2018; 132:1386-1398. [PMID: 30093402 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-03-838524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) are CD30-positive T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas broadly segregated into ALK-positive and ALK-negative types. Although ALK-positive ALCLs consistently bear rearrangements of the ALK tyrosine kinase gene, ALK-negative ALCLs are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. About 30% of ALK-negative ALCLs have rearrangements of DUSP22 and have excellent long-term outcomes with standard therapy. To better understand this group of tumors, we evaluated their molecular signature using gene expression profiling. DUSP22-rearranged ALCLs belonged to a distinct subset of ALCLs that lacked expression of genes associated with JAK-STAT3 signaling, a pathway contributing to growth in the majority of ALCLs. Reverse-phase protein array and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the lack of activated STAT3 in DUSP22-rearranged ALCLs. DUSP22-rearranged ALCLs also overexpressed immunogenic cancer-testis antigen (CTA) genes and showed marked DNA hypomethylation by reduced representation bisulfate sequencing and DNA methylation arrays. Pharmacologic DNA demethylation in ALCL cells recapitulated the overexpression of CTAs and other DUSP22 signature genes. In addition, DUSP22-rearranged ALCLs minimally expressed PD-L1 compared with other ALCLs, but showed high expression of the costimulatory gene CD58 and HLA class II. Taken together, these findings indicate that DUSP22 rearrangements define a molecularly distinct subgroup of ALCLs, and that immunogenic cues related to antigenicity, costimulatory molecule expression, and inactivity of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint likely contribute to their favorable prognosis. More aggressive ALCLs might be pharmacologically reprogrammed to a DUSP22-like immunogenic molecular signature through the use of demethylating agents and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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21
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Asano N, Miyoshi H, Kato T, Shimono J, Yoshida N, Kurita D, Sasaki Y, Kawamoto K, Ohshima K, Seto M. Expression pattern of immunosurveillance-related antigen in adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Histopathology 2018; 72:945-954. [PMID: 29297942 DOI: 10.1111/his.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and β2 microglobulin (β2M) serve as key molecules in tumour immunity, and their expression is reduced frequently in tumour cells. Programmed cell death (PD)-1/PD-ligand1 (PD-L1) interactions play a role in escape of tumour cells from T cell immunity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the clinicopathological relevance of HLA and β2M expressions in ATLL cells and PD-L1 expression in lymphoma or stromal cells and predict the overall survival of patients with ATLL. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed a total of 123 biopsy samples from patients newly diagnosed with ATLL by using immunohistochemical analysis. Of the patients enrolled, 91 (74%) were positive for HLA (in cell membrane, 60 patients), 89 (72%) were positive for β2M (in cell membrane, 54 patients) and 48 (39%) were positive for both HLA and β2M in the cell membrane (HLAm+ β2Mm+ ). No significant clinical differences other than prognosis were found between the HLAm+ β2Mm+ group and the other groups. Immunophenotypical evaluation revealed significantly higher rates of CD30-positive lymphoma cells (P = 0.003) and PD-L1-positive stromal cells in microenvironments (miPD-L1high ) (P = 0.011) of the HLAm+ β2Mm+ group than in the other groups. The HLAm+ β2Mm+ group had a significantly better prognosis that the other groups (P = 0.0096), and patients showing HLAm+ β2Mm+ with miPD-L1high had the most favourable prognosis among all groups. CONCLUSIONS The membranous expression of HLA and β2M is likely to reflect the immune response and would be useful to predict prognosis before starting ATLL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Asano
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Nagano Prefectural Shinshu Medical Center, Suzaka, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kato
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Joji Shimono
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Noriaki Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurita
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yuya Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawamoto
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masao Seto
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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22
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Prognostic relevance of integrated genetic profiling in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Blood 2017; 131:215-225. [PMID: 29084771 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-01-761874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a heterogeneous group of peripheral T-cell malignancies characterized by human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 infection, whose genetic profile has recently been fully investigated. However, it is still poorly understood how these alterations affect clinical features and prognosis. We investigated the effects of genetic alterations commonly found in ATL on disease phenotypes and clinical outcomes, based on genotyping data obtained from 414 and 463 ATL patients using targeted-capture sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism array karyotyping, respectively. Aggressive (acute/lymphoma) subtypes were associated with an increased burden of genetic and epigenetic alterations, higher frequencies of TP53 and IRF4 mutations, and many copy number alterations (CNAs), including PD-L1 amplifications and CDKN2A deletions, compared with indolent (chronic/smoldering) subtypes. By contrast, STAT3 mutations were more characteristic of indolent ATL. Higher numbers of somatic mutations and CNAs significantly correlated with worse survival. In a multivariate analysis incorporating both clinical factors and genetic alterations, the Japan Clinical Oncology Group prognostic index high-risk, older age, PRKCB mutations, and PD-L1 amplifications were independent poor prognostic factors in aggressive ATL. In indolent ATL, IRF4 mutations, PD-L1 amplifications, and CDKN2A deletions were significantly associated with shorter survival, although the chronic subtype with unfavorable clinical factors was only marginally significant. Thus, somatic alterations characterizing aggressive diseases predict worse prognosis in indolent ATL, among which PD-L1 amplifications are a strong genetic predictor in both aggressive and indolent ATL. ATL subtypes are further classified into molecularly distinct subsets with different prognosis. Genetic profiling might contribute to improved prognostication and management of ATL patients.
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23
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Yoshida N, Miyoshi H, Kato T, Sakata-Yanagimoto M, Niino D, Taniguchi H, Moriuchi Y, Miyahara M, Kurita D, Sasaki Y, Shimono J, Kawamoto K, Utsunomiya A, Imaizumi Y, Seto M, Ohshima K. CCR4 frameshift mutation identifies a distinct group of adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma with poor prognosis. J Pathol 2016; 238:621-6. [PMID: 26847489 DOI: 10.1002/path.4699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an intractable T cell neoplasm caused by human T cell leukaemia virus type 1. Next-generation sequencing-based comprehensive mutation studies have revealed recurrent somatic CCR4 mutations in ATLL, although clinicopathological findings associated with CCR4 mutations remain to be delineated. In the current study, 184 cases of peripheral T cell lymphoma, including 113 cases of ATLL, were subjected to CCR4 mutation analysis. This sequence analysis identified mutations in 27% (30/113) of cases of ATLL and 9% (4/44) of cases of peripheral T cell lymphoma not otherwise specified. Identified mutations included nonsense (NS) and frameshift (FS) mutations. No significant differences in clinicopathological findings were observed between ATLL cases stratified by presence of CCR4 mutation. All ATLL cases with CCR4 mutations exhibited cell-surface CCR4 positivity. Semi-quantitative CCR4 protein analysis of immunohistochemical sections revealed higher CCR4 expression in cases with NS mutations of CCR4 than in cases with wild-type (WT) CCR4. Furthermore, among ATLL cases, FS mutation was significantly associated with a poor prognosis, compared with NS mutation and WT CCR4. These results suggest that CCR4 mutation is an important determinant of the clinical course in ATLL cases, and that NS and FS mutations of CCR4 behave differently with respect to ATLL pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kato
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan.,Department of Haematology, Atomic Bomb Disease and Hibakusha Medicine Unit, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Niino
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Daisuke Kurita
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuya Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Joji Shimono
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawamoto
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Haematology, Imamura Bun-in Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Imaizumi
- Department of Haematology, Atomic Bomb Disease and Hibakusha Medicine Unit, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Masao Seto
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
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24
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Kasugai Y, Yoshida N, Ohshima K, Matsuo K, Seto M, Tsuzuki S. New mouse model of acute adult T-cell leukemia generated by transplantation of AKT, BCLxL, and HBZ-transduced T cells. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1072-8. [PMID: 27223899 PMCID: PMC4982588 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) develops in human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) carriers. Although the HTLV‐1‐encoded HBZ gene is critically involved, HBZ alone is insufficient and additional, cooperative “hits” are required for the development of ATL. Candidate cooperative hits are being defined, but methods to rapidly explore their roles in ATL development in collaboration with HBZ are lacking. Here, we present a new mouse model of acute type ATL that can be generated rapidly by transplanting in vitro‐induced T cells that have been retrovirally transduced with HBZ and two cooperative genes, BCLxL and AKT, into mice. Co‐transduction of HBZ and BCLxL/AKT allowed these T cells to grow in vitro in the absence of cytokines (Flt3‐ligand and interleukin‐7), which did not occur with any two‐gene combination. Although transplanted T cells were a mixture of cells transduced with different combinations of the genes, tumors that developed in mice were composed of HBZ/BCLxL/AKT triply transduced T cells, showing the synergistic effect of the three genes. The genetic/epigenetic landscape of ATL has only recently been elucidated, and the roles of additional “hits” in ATL pathogenesis remain to be explored. Our model provides a versatile tool to examine the roles of these hits, in collaboration with HBZ, in the development of acute ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Kasugai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriaki Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masao Seto
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuzuki
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
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25
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Integrated mate-pair and RNA sequencing identifies novel, targetable gene fusions in peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Blood 2016; 128:1234-45. [PMID: 27297792 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-707141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) represent a heterogeneous group of T-cell malignancies that generally demonstrate aggressive clinical behavior, often are refractory to standard therapy, and remain significantly understudied. The most common World Health Organization subtype is PTCL, not otherwise specified (NOS), essentially a "wastebasket" category because of inadequate understanding to assign cases to a more specific diagnostic entity. Identification of novel fusion genes has contributed significantly to improving the classification, biologic understanding, and therapeutic targeting of PTCLs. Here, we integrated mate-pair DNA and RNA next-generation sequencing to identify chromosomal rearrangements encoding expressed fusion transcripts in PTCL, NOS. Two of 11 cases had novel fusions involving VAV1, encoding a truncated form of the VAV1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor important in T-cell receptor signaling. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies identified VAV1 rearrangements in 10 of 148 PTCLs (7%). These were observed exclusively in PTCL, NOS (11%) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (11%). In vitro, ectopic expression of a VAV1 fusion promoted cell growth and migration in a RAC1-dependent manner. This growth was inhibited by azathioprine, a clinically available RAC1 inhibitor. We also identified novel kinase gene fusions, ITK-FER and IKZF2-ERBB4, as candidate therapeutic targets that show similarities to known recurrent oncogenic ITK-SYK fusions and ERBB4 transcript variants in PTCLs, respectively. Additional novel and potentially clinically relevant fusions also were discovered. Together, these findings identify VAV1 fusions as recurrent and targetable events in PTCLs and highlight the potential for clinical sequencing to guide individualized therapy approaches for this group of aggressive malignancies.
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26
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Tokunaga M, Yoshida N, Nakano N, Kubota A, Takeuchi S, Takatsuka Y, Seto M, Utsunomiya A. Detection of an early adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma clone in lymph nodes with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma involvement. Cancer Genet 2016; 209:138-42. [PMID: 26874918 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A 58-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with systemic lymphadenopathy and was diagnosed with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) by lymph node biopsy. Although he was a human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) carrier, Southern blot analysis of the lymph node did not show monoclonal integration of HTLV-1 provirus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). He achieved complete remission after chemotherapy and subsequently, autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT) was performed. Fifteen months after the auto-PBSCT, abnormal lymphocytes in the peripheral blood gradually increased. Southern blot analysis revealed monoclonal integration of HTLV-1 provirus DNA and monoclonal rearrangement of TRB. He was diagnosed with chronic type adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL), which immediately progressed to the acute type. He died of tumor progression despite intensive chemotherapy. We analyzed genomic alterations of the ALCL and ATL cells using array comparative genomic hybridization. We found that the genomic alteration pattern differed between the two diseases. T-cell receptor clonality analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that the T-cell clone of the ATL was present in the lymph nodes with ALCL involvement, but not in peripheral blood. This finding suggests that lymph nodes can serve as a niche for ATL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Tokunaga
- Department of Hematology, Imamura Bun-in Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Noriaki Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Nakano
- Department of Hematology, Imamura Bun-in Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ayumu Kubota
- Department of Hematology, Imamura Bun-in Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shogo Takeuchi
- Department of Hematology, Imamura Bun-in Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Masao Seto
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura Bun-in Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
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27
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Hsieh YC, Chen WY, Wu HC, Chuang SS. Acute transformation of chronic-type adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma presenting with seizures. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2015; 31:603-4. [PMID: 26678942 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chuan Hsieh
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chang Wu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sung Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
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28
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Variegated RHOA mutations in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Blood 2015; 127:596-604. [PMID: 26574607 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-06-644948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a distinct form of peripheral T-cell lymphoma with poor prognosis, which is caused by the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). In contrast to the unequivocal importance of HTLV-1 infection in the pathogenesis of ATLL, the role of acquired mutations in HTLV-1 infected T cells has not been fully elucidated, with a handful of genes known to be recurrently mutated. In this study, we identified unique RHOA mutations in ATLL through whole genome sequencing of an index case, followed by deep sequencing of 203 ATLL samples. RHOA mutations showed distinct distribution and function from those found in other cancers. Involving 15% (30/203) of ATLL cases, RHOA mutations were widely distributed across the entire coding sequence but almost invariably located at the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding pocket, with Cys16Arg being most frequently observed. Unexpectedly, depending on mutation types and positions, these RHOA mutants showed different or even opposite functional consequences in terms of GTP/guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-binding kinetics, regulation of actin fibers, and transcriptional activation. The Gly17Val mutant did not bind GTP/GDP and act as a dominant negative molecule, whereas other mutants (Cys16Arg and Ala161Pro) showed fast GTP/GDP cycling with enhanced transcriptional activation. These findings suggest that both loss- and gain-of-RHOA functions could be involved in ATLL leukemogenesis. In summary, our study not only provides a novel insight into the molecular pathogenesis of ATLL but also highlights a unique role of variegation of heterologous RHOA mutations in human cancers.
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29
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30
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Abstract
Novel technologies including next-generation sequencing have not only delineated the molecular pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies but also identified novel biomarkers predicting the outcome of specific therapies. In addition, many actionable genetic alterations, which can be targeted by either specific therapeutic compounds or monoclonal antibodies, have been discovered. An appropriate selection of the patients enrolled in clinical trials using novel drugs targeting specific mutations will usher in a new era of personalized medicine in clinical practice of lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Iida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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31
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Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a mature T-cell neoplasm with extremely poor prognosis caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The distribution of HTLV-1 and the incidence of ATLL in endemic areas have been well described, however, little is known about the incidences and the trends of the disease in nonendemic areas. Recently, studies have shown that the HTLV-1 carriers are increasing in nonendemic areas. Also, the incidence of ATLL seems to be significantly increasing in nonendemic areas suggesting that HTLV-1 carriers have emigrated from endemic areas. These epidemiologic studies indicate the necessity of edification of the disease caused by HTLV-1 and establishing appropriate preventive methods against infection in nonendemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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32
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Abstract
Mature T-cell leukemias are a group of uncommon lymphoid neoplasms. These disorders have widely variable clinical features, ranging from indolent, slowly progressive processes to diseases with rapidly progressive courses, leading to death. Cytogenetic aberrations have long been identified in some of these diseases, and recent studies have found recurrent genetic mutations that contribute to their pathogenesis. Conventional multiagent chemotherapy lacks significant efficacy in this group of diseases and therapies vary from immunosuppression to treatment with monoclonal antibodies, antiviral agents, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The recent expansion of knowledge regarding the underlying genetic basis of these disorders raises hope that new, more targeted therapeutic approaches will be available to patients in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael G Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, M5242 Medical Science 1 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Kojo S J Elenitoba-Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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33
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Yoshida N, Tsuzuki S, Karube K, Takahara T, Suguro M, Miyoshi H, Nishikori M, Shimoyama M, Tsukasaki K, Ohshima K, Seto M. STX11 functions as a novel tumor suppressor gene in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1455-62. [PMID: 26176172 PMCID: PMC4637999 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas with poor prognosis. Their molecular pathogenesis has not been entirely elucidated. We previously showed that 6q24 is one of the most frequently deleted regions in primary thyroid T-cell lymphoma. In this study, we extended the analysis to other subtypes of PTCL and performed functional assays to identify the causative genes of PTCL that are located on 6q24. Genomic loss of 6q24 was observed in 14 of 232 (6%) PTCL cases. The genomic loss regions identified at 6q24 always involved only two known genes, STX11 and UTRN. The expression of STX11, but not UTRN, was substantially lower in PTCL than in normal T-cells. STX11 sequence analysis revealed mutations in two cases (one clinical sample and one T-cell line). We further analyzed the function of STX11 in 14 cell lines belonging to different lineages. STX11 expression only suppressed the proliferation of T-cell lines bearing genomic alterations at the STX11 locus. Interestingly, expression of a novel STX11 mutant (p.Arg78Cys) did not exert suppressive effects on the induced cell lines, suggesting that this mutant is a loss-of-function mutation. In addition, STX11-altered PTCL not otherwise specified cases were characterized by the presence of hemophagocytic syndrome (67% vs 8%, P = 0.04). They also tended to have a poor prognosis compared with those without STX11 alteration. These results suggest that STX11 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PTCL and they may contribute to the future development of new drugs for the treatment of PTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Yoshida
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine at Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuzuki
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kennosuke Karube
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taishi Takahara
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miyuki Suguro
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Momoko Nishikori
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Shimoyama
- Multi-institutional Clinical Trial Support Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsukasaki
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masao Seto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine at Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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34
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Yoshida N, Imaizumi Y, Utsunomiya A, Miyoshi H, Arakawa F, Tsukasaki K, Ohshima K, Seto M. Mutation Analysis for TP53 in Chronic-Type Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma. J Clin Exp Hematop 2015; 55:13-6. [DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.55.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Yoshitaka Imaizumi
- Department of Hematology, Atomic Bomb Disease and Hibakusha Medicine Unit, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University
| | | | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Fumiko Arakawa
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | | | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Masao Seto
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine
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