1
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Lim RMH, Lee JY, Kannan B, Ko TK, Chan JY. Molecular and immune pathobiology of human angiosarcoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024:189159. [PMID: 39032539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a rare endothelial-derived malignancy that is extremely diverse in anatomy, aetiology, molecular and immune characteristics. While novel therapeutic approaches incorporating targeted agents and immunotherapy have yielded significant improvements in patient outcomes across several cancers, their impact on angiosarcoma remains modest. Contributed by its heterogeneous nature, there is currently a lack of novel drug targets in this disease entity and no reliable biomarkers that predict response to conventional treatment. This review aims to examine the molecular and immune landscape of angiosarcoma in association with its aetiology, anatomical sites, prognosis and therapeutic options. We summarise current efforts to characterise angiosarcoma subtypes based on molecular and immune profiling. Finally, we highlight promising technologies such as single-cell spatial "omics" that may further our understanding of angiosarcoma and propose strategies that can be similarly applied for the study of other rare cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Yi Lee
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Bavani Kannan
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tun Kiat Ko
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason Yongsheng Chan
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
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2
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Ma M, Zheng Y, Lu S, Pan X, Worley KC, Burrage LC, Blieden LS, Allworth A, Chen WL, Merla G, Mandriani B, Rosenfeld JA, Li-Kroeger D, Dutta D, Yamamoto S, Wangler MF, Glass IA, Strohbehn S, Blue E, Prontera P, Lalani SR, Bellen HJ. De novo variants in PLCG1 are associated with hearing impairment, ocular pathology, and cardiac defects. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.08.23300523. [PMID: 38260438 PMCID: PMC10802640 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.08.23300523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipase C isozymes (PLCs) hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate into inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, important signaling molecules involved in many cellular processes. PLCG1 encodes the PLCγ1 isozyme that is broadly expressed. Hyperactive somatic mutations of PLCG1 are observed in multiple cancers, but only one germline variant has been reported. Here we describe three unrelated individuals with de novo heterozygous missense variants in PLCG1 (p.Asp1019Gly, p.His380Arg, and p.Asp1165Gly) who exhibit variable phenotypes including hearing loss, ocular pathology and cardiac septal defects. To model these variants in vivo, we generated the analogous variants in the Drosophila ortholog, small wing (sl). We created a null allele slT2A and assessed the expression pattern. sl is broadly expressed, including in wing discs, eye discs, and a subset of neurons and glia. Loss of sl causes wing size reductions, ectopic wing veins and supernumerary photoreceptors. We document that mutant flies exhibit a reduced lifespan and age-dependent locomotor defects. Expressing wild-type sl in slT2A mutant rescues the loss-of-function phenotypes whereas expressing the variants causes lethality. Ubiquitous overexpression of the variants also reduces viability, suggesting that the variants are toxic. Ectopic expression of an established hyperactive PLCG1 variant (p.Asp1165His) in the wing pouch causes severe wing phenotypes, resembling those observed with overexpression of the p.Asp1019Gly or p.Asp1165Gly variants, further arguing that these two are gain-of-function variants. However, the wing phenotypes associated with p.His380Arg overexpression are mild. Our data suggest that the PLCG1 de novo heterozygous missense variants are pathogenic and contribute to the features observed in the probands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Ma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yiming Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Current affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shenzhao Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xueyang Pan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kim C. Worley
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lindsay C. Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lauren S. Blieden
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aimee Allworth
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Current affiliation: Children’s National Medical Center and George Washington University, Washington DC 20010, USA
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- Laboratory of Regulatory & Functional Genomics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia 71013, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Barbara Mandriani
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70121, Italy
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Li-Kroeger
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Debdeep Dutta
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael F. Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Ian A. Glass
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sam Strohbehn
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth Blue
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Paolo Prontera
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital of Perugia, Perugia 06129, Italy
| | - Seema R. Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hugo J. Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Gozzellino L, Nannini M, Urbini M, Pizzi C, Leone O, Corti B, Baldovini C, Angeli F, Foà A, Pacini D, Folesani G, Costa A, Palumbo T, Nigro MC, Pasquinelli G, Astolfi A, Pantaleo MA. Genomic Landscape Comparison of Cardiac versus Extra-Cardiac Angiosarcomas. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3290. [PMID: 38137511 PMCID: PMC10741871 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcomas (ASs) are rare malignant vascular entities that can affect several regions in our body, including the heart. Cardiac ASs comprise 25-40% of cardiac sarcomas and can cause death within months of diagnosis. Thus, our aim was to identify potential differences and/or similarities between cardiac and extra-cardiac ASs to enhance targeted therapies and, consequently, patients' prognosis. Whole-transcriptome analysis of three cardiac and eleven extra-cardiac non-cutaneous samples was performed to investigate differential gene expression and mutational events between the two groups. The gene signature of cardiac and extra-cardiac non-cutaneous ASs was also compared to that of cutaneous angiosarcomas (n = 9). H/N/K-RAS and TP53 alterations were more recurrent in extra-cardiac ASs, while POTE-gene family overexpression was peculiar to cardiac ASs. Additionally, in vitro functional analyses showed that POTEH upregulation conferred a growth advantage to recipient cells, partly supporting the cardiac AS aggressive phenotype and patients' scarce survival rate. These features should be considered when investigating alternative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Gozzellino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.G.); (M.N.); (F.A.); (M.C.N.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Margherita Nannini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.G.); (M.N.); (F.A.); (M.C.N.); (M.A.P.)
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Urbini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Carmine Pizzi
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Ornella Leone
- Division of Pathology, Cardiovascular and Cardiac Transplant Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (O.L.); (B.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Barbara Corti
- Division of Pathology, Cardiovascular and Cardiac Transplant Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (O.L.); (B.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Chiara Baldovini
- Division of Pathology, Cardiovascular and Cardiac Transplant Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (O.L.); (B.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Francesco Angeli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.G.); (M.N.); (F.A.); (M.C.N.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Alberto Foà
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Davide Pacini
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Gianluca Folesani
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Alice Costa
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Teresa Palumbo
- Interdepartmental Center Alma Mater Institute on Healthy Planet, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maria Concetta Nigro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.G.); (M.N.); (F.A.); (M.C.N.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.G.); (M.N.); (F.A.); (M.C.N.); (M.A.P.)
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maria Abbondanza Pantaleo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.G.); (M.N.); (F.A.); (M.C.N.); (M.A.P.)
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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4
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Kumari N, Bhandari S, Ishfaq A, Butt SRR, Ekhator C, Karski A, Kadel B, Altayb Ismail MA, Sherpa TN, Al Khalifa A, Khalifah B, Nguyen N, Lazarevic S, Zaman MU, Ullah A, Yadav V. Primary Cardiac Angiosarcoma: A Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e41947. [PMID: 37461430 PMCID: PMC10350284 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy originating from the endothelial lining of cardiac blood vessels. This review covers various aspects of the disease, including its pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The primary characteristic of cardiac angiosarcoma is the rapid growth of abnormal blood vessels that invade the heart muscle, leading to the destruction of healthy tissue. Due to its infiltrative nature and early spread, diagnosing and treating cardiac angiosarcoma present significant challenges. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) plays a crucial role in diagnosing cardiac tumors such as angiosarcoma due to its high sensitivity. Additional imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) help assess tumor anatomy and identify metastases. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry are essential for confirming the diagnosis, as they reveal distinct histological features and specific endothelial markers associated with primary cardiac angiosarcoma. Targeted therapies directed at the angiogenic mechanisms and molecular abnormalities hold promise for improving treatment outcomes. Early detection of primary cardiac angiosarcoma remains challenging due to its rarity, and the prognosis is generally poor due to advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. The review emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and collaboration among different specialties to optimize the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care of patients with primary cardiac angiosarcoma. The ultimate goal is to enhance diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches by advancing knowledge and promoting further research into this aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Kumari
- Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | | | | | - Samia Rauf R Butt
- General Practice, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Chukwuyem Ekhator
- Neuro-Oncology, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, USA
| | - Amanda Karski
- Emergency Medicine, American University of Antigua, Miami, USA
| | - Bijan Kadel
- Internal Medicine, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, NPL
| | | | - Tenzin N Sherpa
- Internal Medicine, Kathmandu University, Nepal Medical College, Kathmandu, NPL
| | - Ahmed Al Khalifa
- Medicine, College of Medicine, Sulaiman Alrajhi University, Al Bukayriyah, SAU
| | | | - Nhan Nguyen
- Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HUN
| | | | | | | | - Vikas Yadav
- Internal Medicine, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, IND
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5
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Kanemaru K, Nakamura Y. Activation Mechanisms and Diverse Functions of Mammalian Phospholipase C. Biomolecules 2023; 13:915. [PMID: 37371495 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) plays pivotal roles in regulating various cellular functions by metabolizing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the plasma membrane. This process generates two second messengers, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, which respectively regulate the intracellular Ca2+ levels and protein kinase C activation. In mammals, six classes of typical PLC have been identified and classified based on their structure and activation mechanisms. They all share X and Y domains, which are responsible for enzymatic activity, as well as subtype-specific domains. Furthermore, in addition to typical PLC, atypical PLC with unique structures solely harboring an X domain has been recently discovered. Collectively, seven classes and 16 isozymes of mammalian PLC are known to date. Dysregulation of PLC activity has been implicated in several pathophysiological conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. Therefore, identification of new drug targets that can selectively modulate PLC activity is important. The present review focuses on the structures, activation mechanisms, and physiological functions of mammalian PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kanemaru
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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6
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Loh JW, Lee JY, Lim AH, Guan P, Lim BY, Kannan B, Lee ECY, Gu NX, Ko TK, Ng CCY, Lim JCT, Yeong J, Lim JQ, Ong CK, Teh BT, Chan JY. Spatial transcriptomics reveal topological immune landscapes of Asian head and neck angiosarcoma. Commun Biol 2023; 6:461. [PMID: 37106027 PMCID: PMC10140281 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcomas are rare malignant tumors of the endothelium, arising commonly from the head and neck region (AS-HN) and recently associated with ultraviolet (UV) exposure and human herpesvirus-7 infection. We examined 81 cases of angiosarcomas, including 47 cases of AS-HN, integrating information from whole genome sequencing, gene expression profiling and spatial transcriptomics (10X Visium). In the AS-HN cohort, we observed recurrent somatic mutations in CSMD3 (18%), LRP1B (18%), MUC16 (18%), POT1 (16%) and TP53 (16%). UV-positive AS-HN harbored significantly higher tumor mutation burden than UV-negative cases (p = 0.0294). NanoString profiling identified three clusters with distinct tumor inflammation signature scores (p < 0.001). Spatial transcriptomics revealed topological profiles of the tumor microenvironment, identifying dominant but tumor-excluded inflammatory signals in immune-hot cases and immune foci even in otherwise immune-cold cases. In conclusion, spatial transcriptomics reveal the tumor immune landscape of angiosarcoma, and in combination with multi-omic information, may improve implementation of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui Wan Loh
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Yi Lee
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abner Herbert Lim
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peiyong Guan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Yee Lim
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bavani Kannan
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ning Xin Gu
- MGI Tech Singapore PTE LTD, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tun Kiat Ko
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jeffrey Chun Tatt Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joe Yeong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Quan Lim
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Kiat Ong
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jason Yongsheng Chan
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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7
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Liao X, Lai J, Lin J, Zhang D. Primary and Secondary Angiosarcomas of the Liver: A Multi-institutional Study of 32 Cases. Hum Pathol 2023; 137:10-17. [PMID: 37054784 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Angiosarcomas involving the liver can be hepatic primary or metastasis from another anatomic site, which have not been systematically compared. We analyzed a series of liver biopsy or resection specimens carrying a diagnosis of angiosarcoma collected between 2005-2018 at 3 tertiary medical centers. The cohort included 32 patients (20 M, 12 F) with a median age of 64 years old. Nineteen were primary hepatic angiosarcoma (PHA) and 13 metastatic to liver (MA). Males were predominant in PHA (15/19, 78%) compared to MA (5/13, 38%, P=0.025). There was no age difference between the two groups. Five cases had background hepatic cirrhosis, which more likely harbored PHA (4/5, 80%). Multifocality and multi-organ involvement were common in both groups. Tumor size was significantly larger in PHA than MA (10.4 vs. 4.7 cm, P<0.01). Histologically, there were no differences in terms of tumor morphology (spindled vs. epithelioid) and growth patterns (vasoformative vs. solid) between the two groups. Immunohistochemically, all tumor cells were positive for CD31 (28/28, 100%) and ERG (18/18, 100%). Molecular analysis in 5 cases demonstrated different mutation profiles involving different genes including MTOR, PIK3CA, ARID1A, CDKN2A, PTEN, TP53, ATRX, KDR/VEGFR2, etc. On follow-up, 30 (93%) patients died of disease at a median survival of 114 days. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed PHA and epithelioid morphology to be associated with worse survival (P<0.05) while treatment associated with better survival (P<0.001). Our results confirmed that angiosarcoma, particularly PHA is extremely aggressive. Epithelioid morphology is an adverse prognosticator and may be used for tumor subclassification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Jinping Lai
- Department of Pathology, Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jingmei Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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8
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Blay JY, Duffaud F, George S, Maki RG, Penel N. Regorafenib for the Treatment of Sarcoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022; 23:1477-1502. [PMID: 36178573 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-00990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Sarcomas are a rare group of tumors with many subtypes, conventionally classified into soft-tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas. Chemotherapeutic regimens form the mainstay of systemic therapy but are not well defined beyond the first-line setting and clinical outcomes are variable. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), with a broad inhibition profile which have been shown to target tumor angiogenesis, have an established role in the treatment of sarcomas without characteristic driver alterations. One such TKI, regorafenib, has been evaluated in sarcomas and clinical data are discussed in this review. An overview of regorafenib data from five phase 2 and one phase 1b clinical trials in over 10 sarcoma subtypes (both soft-tissue and bone) in adult and pediatric patients is reviewed. Regorafenib demonstrated clinical benefit in patients with non-adipocytic soft-tissue sarcomas, osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma who had progressed on prior therapy. Patients with otherwise limited treatment options may therefore benefit from regorafenib therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Blay
- Department of Medicine, Léon Bérard Center, Lyon, France.
| | - Florence Duffaud
- Medical Oncology Unit, La Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille University (AMU), Marseille, France
| | - Suzanne George
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert G Maki
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicolas Penel
- Medical Oncology Department, Oscar Lambret Cancer Center and Lille University, Lille, France
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9
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Xie HM, Bernt KM. HOXA Amplification Defines a Genetically Distinct Subset of Angiosarcomas. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081124. [PMID: 36009018 PMCID: PMC9406048 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a rare, devastating malignancy with few curative options for disseminated disease. We analyzed a recently published genomic data set of 48 angiosarcomas and noticed recurrent amplifications of HOXA-cluster genes in 33% of patients. HOXA genes are master regulators of embryonic vascular development and adult neovascularization, which provides a molecular rationale to suspect that amplified HOXA genes act as oncogenes in angiosarcoma. HOXA amplifications typically affected multiple pro-angiogenic HOXA genes and co-occurred with amplifications of CD36 and KDR, whereas the overall mutation rate in these tumors was relatively low. HOXA amplifications were found most commonly in angiosarcomas located in the breast and were rare in angiosarcomas arising in sun-exposed areas on the head, neck, face and scalp. Our data suggest that HOXA-amplified angiosarcoma is a distinct molecular subgroup. Efforts to develop therapies targeting oncogenic HOX gene expression in AML and other sarcomas may have relevance for HOXA-amplified angiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo M. Xie
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, CTRB 3064, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics (DBHI), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathrin M. Bernt
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, CTRB 3064, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-370-3171
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10
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Sankarasubramanian S, Prabhakar P, Narasimhan MK. Genetic insights into cardiac tumors: a comprehensive review. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:164. [PMID: 35972566 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac neoplasms are rare, however, also a curable form of the disease once detected early. In recent years the viscus tumors have gained their highlights, due to the advancement in techniques like echocardiography both 2D and 3D, MRI, etc. These cardiac tumors are divided based on their benign and malignant nature and also as well as primary and secondary cardiac tumors. Largely the primary cardiac tumors are often than secondary cardiac tumors. The secondary tumor happens anywhere in the body involving the heart. The most common malignant tumors are sarcoma, some are angiosarcomas, fibromas, rhabdosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma. The primary sarcoma affects both men and women at an equal rate with non-specific symptoms. These conditions led to high demand in genomic testing that helps in spot the mutation that leads to the particular type of cardiac neoplasm and it additionally helps to screen the mutated sequence and stop it from being inherited. Recent studies on cardiac tumors have revealed many genes that are involved in tumorigenesis and technologies have enabled the right screening of the tumor location within the heart and their histopathological studies were also studied. This review principally focuses on the understanding of the various forms of cardiac tumors, genetic variants involved and their influence, genetic testing, and different diagnostic approaches in cardiac tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaramasundaram Sankarasubramanian
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Prathiksha Prabhakar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Narasimhan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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11
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Cooke M, Kazanietz MG. Overarching roles of diacylglycerol signaling in cancer development and antitumor immunity. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabo0264. [PMID: 35412850 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a lipid second messenger that is generated in response to extracellular stimuli and channels intracellular signals that affect mammalian cell proliferation, survival, and motility. DAG exerts a myriad of biological functions through protein kinase C (PKC) and other effectors, such as protein kinase D (PKD) isozymes and small GTPase-regulating proteins (such as RasGRPs). Imbalances in the fine-tuned homeostasis between DAG generation by phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes and termination by DAG kinases (DGKs), as well as dysregulation in the activity or abundance of DAG effectors, have been widely associated with tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. DAG is also a key orchestrator of T cell function and thus plays a major role in tumor immunosurveillance. In addition, DAG pathways shape the tumor ecosystem by arbitrating the complex, dynamic interaction between cancer cells and the immune landscape, hence representing powerful modifiers of immune checkpoint and adoptive T cell-directed immunotherapy. Exploiting the wide spectrum of DAG signals from an integrated perspective could underscore meaningful advances in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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12
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Li T, Yang Z, Li H, Zhu J, Wang Y, Tang Q, Shi Z. Phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCG1) overexpression is associated with tumor growth and poor survival in IDH wild-type lower-grade gliomas in adult patients. J Transl Med 2022; 102:143-153. [PMID: 34697421 PMCID: PMC8784314 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common and recalcitrant intracranial tumors, approximately a quarter of which are classified as lower-grade gliomas (WHO II-III). Although the prognosis of lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) is significantly better than that of higher-grade gliomas, as a highly heterogeneous tumor type, the prognosis of LGGs varies greatly based on the molecular diagnosis. IDH wild-type used to be regarded as a dismal prognostic biomarker in LGGs; however, several studies revealed that IDH wild-type LGGs might not always be equivalent to glioblastoma (WHO IV). Hence, we hypothesize that underlying biological events in LGGs can result in different prognosis. In our study, transcriptome profiling was performed in 24 samples of LGG, and the results showed that the expression of phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCG1) was significantly correlated with IDH1/2 status and patients' clinical outcome. Furthermore, the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese glioma genome atlas (CGGA) databases verified that elevated PLCG1 expression was associated with tumor progression and poor survival in LGG patients. Moreover, PLCG1-targeted siRNA dramatically affected the growth, migration and invasiveness of IDH wild-type LGG cell lines. In in vitro and in vivo experiments, the PLC-targeted drug significantly suppressed the tumor growth of IDH wild-type LGG cell lines in vitro and tumors in mouse models. Taken together, our results demonstrated that higher PLCG1 expression was associated with tumor growth and worse prognosis in IDH wild-type LGGs and PLCG1 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for IDH wild-type LGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Yang
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Wang
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qisheng Tang
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Brain Function Restoration, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Wu C, Duan Y, Gong S, Osterhoff G, Kallendrusch S, Schopow N. Identification of Tumor Antigens and Immune Subtypes for the Development of mRNA Vaccines and Individualized Immunotherapy in Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:448. [PMID: 35053609 PMCID: PMC8774220 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare disease with high recurrence rates and poor prognosis. Missing therapy options together with the high heterogeneity of this tumor type gives impetus to the development of individualized treatment approaches. This study identifies potential tumor antigens for the development of mRNA tumor vaccines for STS and explores potential immune subtypes, stratifying patients for immunotherapy. RNA-sequencing data and clinical information were extracted from 189 STS samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and microarray data were extracted from 103 STS samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Potential tumor antigens were identified using cBioportal, the Oncomine database, and prognostic analyses. Consensus clustering was used to define immune subtypes and immune gene modules, and graph learning-based dimensionality reduction analysis was used to depict the immune landscape. Finally, four potential tumor antigens were identified, each related to prognosis and antigen-presenting cell infiltration in STS: HLTF, ITGA10, PLCG1, and TTC3. Six immune subtypes and six gene modules were defined and validated in an independent cohort. The different immune subtypes have different molecular, cellular, and clinical characteristics. The immune landscape of STS reveals the immunity-related distribution of patients and intra-cluster heterogeneity of immune subtypes. This study provides a theoretical framework for STS mRNA vaccine development and the selection of patients for vaccination, and provides a reference for promoting individualized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwu Wu
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.W.); (S.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Yingjuan Duan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Siming Gong
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.W.); (S.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Georg Osterhoff
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Sonja Kallendrusch
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.W.); (S.K.); (N.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Medical University Potsdam, 14471 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nikolas Schopow
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.W.); (S.K.); (N.S.)
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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14
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Torrence D, Antonescu CR. The genetics of vascular tumours: an update. Histopathology 2022; 80:19-32. [PMID: 34958509 PMCID: PMC8950088 DOI: 10.1111/his.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent molecular advances have shed significant light on the classification of vascular tumours. Except for haemangiomas, vascular lesions remain difficult to diagnose, owing to their rarity and overlapping clinical, radiographic and histological features across malignancies. In particular, challenges still remain in the differential diagnosis of epithelioid vascular tumours, including epithelioid haemangioma and epithelioid haemangioendothelioma at the benign/low-grade end of the spectrum, and epithelioid angiosarcoma at the high-grade end. Historically, the classification of vascular tumours has been heavily dependent on the clinical setting and histological features, as traditional immunohistochemical markers across the group have often been non-discriminatory. The increased application of next-generation sequencing in clinical practice, in particular targeted RNA sequencing (such as Archer, Illumina), has led to numerous novel discoveries, mainly recurrent gene fusions (e.g. those involving FOS, FOSB, YAP1, and WWTR1), which have resulted in refined tumour classification and improved diagnostic reproducibility for vascular tumours. However, other molecular alterations besides fusions have been discovered in vascular tumours, including somatic mutations (e.g. involving GNA family and IDH genes) in a variety of haemangiomas, as well as copy number alterations in high-grade angiosarcomas (e.g. MYC amplifications). Moreover, the translation of these novel molecular abnormalities into diagnostic ancillary markers, either fluorescence in-situ hybridisation probes or surrogate immunohistochemical markers (FOSB, CAMTA1, YAP1, and MYC), has been remarkable. This review will focus on the latest molecular discoveries covering both benign and malignant vascular tumours, and will provide practical diagnostic algorithms, highlighting frequently encountered pitfalls and challenges in the diagnosis of vascular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Torrence
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY,Corresponding author: Cristina R Antonescu, MD, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065,
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15
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Maleszewski JJ, Basso C, Bois MC, Glass C, Klarich KW, Leduc C, Padera RF, Tavora F. The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Heart. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 17:510-518. [PMID: 34774791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Maleszewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Cristina Basso
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Melanie C Bois
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Carolyn Glass
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kyle W Klarich
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Charles Leduc
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert F Padera
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fabio Tavora
- Department of Pathology, Argos Laboratory/Messejana Heart and Lung Hospital, Fortaleza, Brazil
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16
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Mandal S, Bandyopadhyay S, Tyagi K, Roy A. Recent advances in understanding the molecular role of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C gamma 1 as an emerging onco-driver and novel therapeutic target in human carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188619. [PMID: 34454048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide metabolism is crucial intracellular signaling system that regulates a plethora of biological functions including mitogenesis, cell proliferation and division. Phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCγ1) which belongs to phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) family, is activated by many extracellular stimuli including hormones, neurotransmitters, growth factors and modulates several cellular and physiological functions necessary for tumorigenesis such as cell survival, migration, invasion and angiogenesis by generating inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) via hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP2). Cancer remains as a leading cause of global mortality and aberrant expression and regulation of PLCγ1 is linked to a plethora of deadly human cancers including carcinomas of the breast, lung, pancreas, stomach, prostate and ovary. Although PLCγ1 cross-talks with many onco-drivers and signaling circuits including PI3K, AKT, HIF1-α and RAF/MEK/ERK cascade, its precise role in carcinogenesis is not completely understood. This review comprehensively discussed the status quo of this ubiquitously expressed phospholipase as a tumor driver and highlighted its significance as a novel therapeutic target in cancer. Furthermore, we have highlighted the significance of somatic driver mutations in PLCG1 gene and molecular roles of PLCγ1 in several major human cancers, a knowledgebase that can be utilized to develop novel, isoform-specific small molecule inhibitors of PLCγ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India.
| | - Shrabasti Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Komal Tyagi
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Adhiraj Roy
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India.
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17
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Abstract
Phospholipase C γ1 (PLCγ1) is a member of the PLC family that functions as signal transducer by hydrolyzing membrane lipid to generate second messengers. The unique protein structure of PLCγ1 confers a critical role as a direct effector of VEGFR2 and signaling mediated by other receptor tyrosine kinases. The distinct vascular phenotypes in PLCγ1-deficient animal models and the gain-of-function mutations of PLCγ1 found in human endothelial cancers point to a major physiological role of PLCγ1 in the endothelial system. In this review, we discuss aspects of physiological and molecular function centering around PLCγ1 in the context of endothelial cells and provide a perspective for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Chen
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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18
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Ladenheim A, Tian M, Afify A, Campbell M, Kamangar E. Primary Angiosarcoma of the Adrenal Gland: Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature. Int J Surg Pathol 2021; 30:76-85. [PMID: 34029146 DOI: 10.1177/10668969211020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary adrenal angiosarcoma is a rare, malignant, vascular neoplasm. These neoplasms typically arise in middle age (median age of 60 years) and are more common in males (65%) than in females. Although rare, these neoplasms are aggressive with a propensity for local recurrence and metastasis and a median survival of 18 months. We present 2 cases of primary adrenal angiosarcoma with synchronous, ipsilateral adrenocortical adenomas. We review the cases of adrenal angiosarcoma reported since 1988 and discuss their clinical and histopathologic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miao Tian
- 8789University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA
| | - Alaa Afify
- 8789University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA
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19
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Wagner MJ, Lyons YA, Siedel JH, Dood R, Nagaraja AS, Haemmerle M, Mangala LS, Chanana P, Lazar AJ, Wang WL, Ravi V, Holland EC, Sood AK. Combined VEGFR and MAPK pathway inhibition in angiosarcoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9362. [PMID: 33931674 PMCID: PMC8087824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is an aggressive malignancy of endothelial cells that carries a high mortality rate. Cytotoxic chemotherapy can elicit clinical responses, but the duration of response is limited. Sequencing reveals multiple mutations in angiogenesis pathways in angiosarcomas, particularly in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. We aimed to determine the biological relevance of these pathways in angiosarcoma. Tissue microarray consisting of clinical formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue archival samples were stained for phospho- extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) with immunohistochemistry. Angiosarcoma cell lines were treated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor trametinib, pan-VEGFR inhibitor cediranib, or combined trametinib and cediranib and viability was assessed. Reverse phase protein array (RPPA) was performed to assess multiple oncogenic protein pathways. SVR angiosarcoma cells were grown in vivo and gene expression effects of treatment were assessed with whole exome RNA sequencing. MAPK signaling was found active in over half of clinical angiosarcoma samples. Inhibition of MAPK signaling with the MEK inhibitor trametinib decreased the viability of angiosarcoma cells. Combined inhibition of the VEGF and MAPK pathways with cediranib and trametinib had an additive effect in in vitro models, and a combinatorial effect in an in vivo model. Combined treatment led to smaller tumors than treatment with either agent alone. RNA-seq demonstrated distinct expression signatures between the trametinib treated tumors and those treated with both trametinib and cediranib. These results indicate a clinical study of combined VEGFR and MEK inhibition in angiosarcoma is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wagner
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, 825 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA.
| | - Yasmin A Lyons
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Jean H Siedel
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Robert Dood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Archana S Nagaraja
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Monika Haemmerle
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
- Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lingegowda S Mangala
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Pritha Chanana
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Vinod Ravi
- Sarcoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Eric C Holland
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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20
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Wang LB, Karpova A, Gritsenko MA, Kyle JE, Cao S, Li Y, Rykunov D, Colaprico A, Rothstein JH, Hong R, Stathias V, Cornwell M, Petralia F, Wu Y, Reva B, Krug K, Pugliese P, Kawaler E, Olsen LK, Liang WW, Song X, Dou Y, Wendl MC, Caravan W, Liu W, Cui Zhou D, Ji J, Tsai CF, Petyuk VA, Moon J, Ma W, Chu RK, Weitz KK, Moore RJ, Monroe ME, Zhao R, Yang X, Yoo S, Krek A, Demopoulos A, Zhu H, Wyczalkowski MA, McMichael JF, Henderson BL, Lindgren CM, Boekweg H, Lu S, Baral J, Yao L, Stratton KG, Bramer LM, Zink E, Couvillion SP, Bloodsworth KJ, Satpathy S, Sieh W, Boca SM, Schürer S, Chen F, Wiznerowicz M, Ketchum KA, Boja ES, Kinsinger CR, Robles AI, Hiltke T, Thiagarajan M, Nesvizhskii AI, Zhang B, Mani DR, Ceccarelli M, Chen XS, Cottingham SL, Li QK, Kim AH, Fenyö D, Ruggles KV, Rodriguez H, Mesri M, Payne SH, Resnick AC, Wang P, Smith RD, Iavarone A, Chheda MG, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Rodland KD, Liu T, Ding L. Proteogenomic and metabolomic characterization of human glioblastoma. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:509-528.e20. [PMID: 33577785 PMCID: PMC8044053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive nervous system cancer. Understanding its molecular pathogenesis is crucial to improving diagnosis and treatment. Integrated analysis of genomic, proteomic, post-translational modification and metabolomic data on 99 treatment-naive GBMs provides insights to GBM biology. We identify key phosphorylation events (e.g., phosphorylated PTPN11 and PLCG1) as potential switches mediating oncogenic pathway activation, as well as potential targets for EGFR-, TP53-, and RB1-altered tumors. Immune subtypes with distinct immune cell types are discovered using bulk omics methodologies, validated by snRNA-seq, and correlated with specific expression and histone acetylation patterns. Histone H2B acetylation in classical-like and immune-low GBM is driven largely by BRDs, CREBBP, and EP300. Integrated metabolomic and proteomic data identify specific lipid distributions across subtypes and distinct global metabolic changes in IDH-mutated tumors. This work highlights biological relationships that could contribute to stratification of GBM patients for more effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Bo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Alla Karpova
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Marina A Gritsenko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Song Cao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Dmitry Rykunov
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Antonio Colaprico
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Science, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Runyu Hong
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Vasileios Stathias
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - MacIntosh Cornwell
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yige Wu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Boris Reva
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Karsten Krug
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Pietro Pugliese
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Emily Kawaler
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lindsey K Olsen
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Wen-Wei Liang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yongchao Dou
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael C Wendl
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Wagma Caravan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel Cui Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jiayi Ji
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jamie Moon
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Weiping Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rosalie K Chu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Karl K Weitz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Matthew E Monroe
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Seungyeul Yoo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Azra Krek
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexis Demopoulos
- Department of Neurology, Northwell Health System, Lake Success, NY 11042 USA
| | - Houxiang Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Matthew A Wyczalkowski
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Joshua F McMichael
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | - Caleb M Lindgren
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Hannah Boekweg
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Shuangjia Lu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jessika Baral
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lijun Yao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Kelly G Stratton
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Erika Zink
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Sneha P Couvillion
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Kent J Bloodsworth
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Shankha Satpathy
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simina M Boca
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Stephan Schürer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Institute for Data Science & Computing, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- International Institute for Molecular Oncology, 60-203 Poznań, Poland; Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Emily S Boja
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher R Kinsinger
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tara Hiltke
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - D R Mani
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80128, Naples, Italy; BIOGEM, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Xi S Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Science, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sandra L Cottingham
- Department of Pathology, Spectrum Health and Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Albert H Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelly V Ruggles
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samuel H Payne
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Adam C Resnick
- Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Milan G Chheda
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Research and Education, University Hospitals Health System, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Karin D Rodland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97221, USA.
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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21
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Grbac E, So T, Varshney S, Williamson N, Dimitriadis E, Menkhorst E. Prednisolone Alters Endometrial Decidual Cells and Affects Decidual-Trophoblast Interactions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647496. [PMID: 33898438 PMCID: PMC8063028 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor pregnancy outcomes such as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and preeclampsia are associated with impaired decidualization and abnormal trophoblast invasion. Emerging evidence suggests that use of corticosteroids, including prednisolone affects fertility by altering uterine function and may be associated with preeclampsia incidence. In this study, using primary and gestational-age appropriate tissue, we aimed to define the effect of prednisolone on human endometrial stromal fibroblast (hESF) decidualization and determine whether hESF decidualization in the presence of prednisolone would alter hESF regulation of trophoblast function. We found that prednisolone treatment reduced hESF cytokine expression (IL6, IL11, IL18, LIF, and LIFR) but had no effect on hESF expression or secretion of the classic markers of decidualization [prolactin (PRL) and IGFBP1]. Using proteomics we determined that prednisolone altered decidualized hESF protein production, enriching hESF proteins associated with acetylation and mitrochondria. Conditioned media from hESF decidualized in the presence of prednisolone significantly enhanced trophoblast outgrowth and trophoblast mRNA expression of cell motility gene PLCG1 and reduced trophoblast production of PGF. Prednisolone treatment during the menstrual cycle and 1st trimester of pregnancy might alter decidual interactions with other cells, including invasive trophoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Grbac
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Teresa So
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Swati Varshney
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas Williamson
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ellen Menkhorst
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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22
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Chan JY, Lim JQ, Yeong J, Ravi V, Guan P, Boot A, Tay TKY, Selvarajan S, Md Nasir ND, Loh JH, Ong CK, Huang D, Tan J, Li Z, Ng CCY, Tan TT, Masuzawa M, Sung KWK, Farid M, Quek RHH, Tan NC, Teo MCC, Rozen SG, Tan P, Futreal A, Teh BT, Soo KC. Multiomic analysis and immunoprofiling reveal distinct subtypes of human angiosarcoma. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5833-5846. [PMID: 33016928 DOI: 10.1172/jci139080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcomas are rare, clinically aggressive tumors with limited treatment options and a dismal prognosis. We analyzed angiosarcomas from 68 patients, integrating information from multiomic sequencing, NanoString immuno-oncology profiling, and multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence for tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Through whole-genome sequencing (n = 18), 50% of the cutaneous head and neck angiosarcomas exhibited higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) and UV mutational signatures; others were mutationally quiet and non-UV driven. NanoString profiling revealed 3 distinct patient clusters represented by lack (clusters 1 and 2) or enrichment (cluster 3) of immune-related signaling and immune cells. Neutrophils (CD15+), macrophages (CD68+), cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), Tregs (FOXP3+), and PD-L1+ cells were enriched in cluster 3 relative to clusters 2 and 1. Likewise, tumor inflammation signature (TIS) scores were highest in cluster 3 (7.54 vs. 6.71 vs. 5.75, respectively; P < 0.0001). Head and neck angiosarcomas were predominant in clusters 1 and 3, providing the rationale for checkpoint immunotherapy, especially in the latter subgroup with both high TMB and TIS scores. Cluster 2 was enriched for secondary angiosarcomas and exhibited higher expression of DNMT1, BRD3/4, MYC, HRAS, and PDGFRB, in keeping with the upregulation of epigenetic and oncogenic signaling pathways amenable to targeted therapies. Molecular and immunological dissection of angiosarcomas may provide insights into opportunities for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Yongsheng Chan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Blood Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Jing Quan Lim
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joe Yeong
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
| | - Vinod Ravi
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peiyong Guan
- Integrated Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Programme
| | - Arnoud Boot
- Integrated Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Programme.,Centre for Computational Biology, and
| | | | | | | | - Jie Hua Loh
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Choon Kiat Ong
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Dachuan Huang
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Tan
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhimei Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cedric Chuan-Young Ng
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thuan Tong Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mikio Masuzawa
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Wing-Kin Sung
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore.,School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohamad Farid
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Blood Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | | | - Ngian Chye Tan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Head and Neck Centre, Singapore
| | | | - Steven George Rozen
- Integrated Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Programme.,Centre for Computational Biology, and.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore
| | - Khee Chee Soo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Head and Neck Centre, Singapore
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23
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Chen X, Chen R, Xu Y, Xia C. PLCγ1 inhibition combined with inhibition of apoptosis and necroptosis increases cartilage matrix synthesis in IL-1β-treated rat chondrocytes. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 11:435-445. [PMID: 33326693 PMCID: PMC7876495 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age‐related, chronic degenerative disease. With the increasing median age of the population, this disease has become an important public health problem. New, disease‐modifying therapies are needed. A potential novel molecular target is phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1), a critical enzyme with important functions including calcium signaling regulation and cell proliferation. In rat chondrocytes treated with IL‐1β (20 ng·mL−1 for 36 h), inhibition of PLCγ1 with U73122 (2 μm for 12 h) increased levels and expression of the cartilage matrix components Collagen2 and Aggrecan. This beneficial effect of PLCγ1 inhibition was counteracted by increased chondrocyte apoptosis and necroptosis, increased cell death, and increase levels of ROS, all potentially negative for OA. Combined treatment of IL‐1β + U73122‐treated chondrocytes with inhibitors of apoptosis (Z‐VAD, 10 μm) and necroptosis (Nec‐1, 30 μm) enhanced the increases in levels and expression of Collagen2 and Aggrecan, and prevented the increases in cell death and ROS levels. These results suggest that PLCγ1 inhibition may be a viable approach for an OA therapy, if combined with targeted inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ri Chen
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, China
| | - Chun Xia
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, China
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24
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Chen TWW, Burns J, Jones RL, Huang PH. Optimal Clinical Management and the Molecular Biology of Angiosarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3321. [PMID: 33182685 PMCID: PMC7696056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcomas comprise less than 3% of all soft tissue sarcomas but have a poor prognosis. Most angiosarcomas occur without obvious risk factors but secondary angiosarcoma could arise after radiotherapy or chronic lymphedema. Surgery remains the standard treatment for localized angiosarcoma but neoadjuvant systemic treatment may improve the curability. For advanced angiosarcoma, anthracyclines and taxanes are the main chemotherapy options. Anti-angiogenic agents have a substantial role but the failure of a randomized phase 3 trial of pazopanib with or without an anti-endoglin antibody brings a challenge to future trials in angiosarcomas. Immune checkpoint inhibitors as single agents or in combination with oncolytic virus may play an important role but the optimal duration remains to be investigated. We also report the current understanding of the molecular pathways involved in angiosarcoma pathogenesis including MYC amplification, activation of angiogenic pathways and different molecular alterations that are associated with angiosarcomas of different aetiology. The success of the patient-partnered Angiosarcoma Project (ASCProject) has provided not only detailed insights into the molecular features of angiosarcomas of different origins but also offers a template for future fruitful collaborations between patients, physicians, and researchers. Lastly, we provide our perspective of future developments in optimizing the clinical management of angiosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wei-Wu Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Jessica Burns
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK;
| | - Robin L. Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JJ, UK;
| | - Paul H. Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK;
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25
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Katan M, Cockcroft S. Phospholipase C families: Common themes and versatility in physiology and pathology. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101065. [PMID: 32966869 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase Cs (PLCs) are expressed in all mammalian cells and play critical roles in signal transduction. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of these enzymes in physiology and pathology, a detailed structural, biochemical, cell biological and genetic information is required. In this review, we cover all these aspects to summarize current knowledge of the entire superfamily. The families of PLCs have expanded from 13 enzymes to 16 with the identification of the atypical PLCs in the human genome. Recent structural insights highlight the common themes that cover not only the substrate catalysis but also the mechanisms of activation. This involves the release of autoinhibitory interactions that, in the absence of stimulation, maintain classical PLC enzymes in their inactive forms. Studies of individual PLCs provide a rich repertoire of PLC function in different physiologies. Furthermore, the genetic studies discovered numerous mutated and rare variants of PLC enzymes and their link to human disease development, greatly expanding our understanding of their roles in diverse pathologies. Notably, substantial evidence now supports involvement of different PLC isoforms in the development of specific cancer types, immune disorders and neurodegeneration. These advances will stimulate the generation of new drugs that target PLC enzymes, and will therefore open new possibilities for treatment of a number of diseases where current therapies remain ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Katan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Shamshad Cockcroft
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, 21 University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, UK.
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26
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Kim KB, Kim Y, Rivard CJ, Kim DW, Park KS. FGFR1 Is Critical for RBL2 Loss-Driven Tumor Development and Requires PLCG1 Activation for Continued Growth of Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5051-5062. [PMID: 32973083 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains a recalcitrant disease where limited therapeutic options have not improved overall survival, and approved targeted therapies are lacking. Amplification of the tyrosine kinase receptor FGFR1 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 1) is one of the few actionable alterations found in the SCLC genome. However, efforts to develop targeted therapies for FGFR1-amplified SCLC are hindered by critical gaps in knowledge around the molecular origins and mediators of FGFR1-driven signaling as well as the physiologic impact of targeting FGFR1. Here we show that increased FGFR1 promotes tumorigenic progression in precancerous neuroendocrine cells and is required for SCLC development in vivo. Notably, Fgfr1 knockout suppressed tumor development in a mouse model lacking the retinoblastoma-like protein 2 (Rbl2) tumor suppressor gene but did not affect a model with wild-type Rbl2. In support of a functional interaction between these two genes, loss of RBL2 induced FGFR1 expression and restoration of RBL2 repressed it, suggesting a novel role for RBL2 as a regulator of FGFR1 in SCLC. Additionally, FGFR1 activated phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCG1), whereas chemical inhibition of PLCG1 suppressed SCLC growth, implicating PLCG1 as an effector of FGFR1 signaling in SCLC. Collectively, this study uncovers mechanisms underlying FGFR1-driven SCLC that involve RBL2 upstream and PLCG1 downstream, thus providing potential biomarkers for anti-FGFR1 therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies RBL2 and PLCG1 as critical components of amplified FGFR1 signaling in SCLC, thus representing potential targets for biomarker analysis and therapeutic development in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee-Beom Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Research Center Tampa Bay, Florida
| | | | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Sik Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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27
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Wu Y, Poulos RC, Reddel RR. Role of POT1 in Human Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102739. [PMID: 32987645 PMCID: PMC7598640 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The segmentation of eukaryotic genomes into discrete linear chromosomes requires processes to solve several major biological problems, including prevention of the chromosome ends being recognized as DNA breaks and compensation for the shortening that occurs when linear DNA is replicated. A specialized set of six proteins, collectively referred to as shelterin, is involved in both of these processes, and mutations in several of these are now known to be involved in cancer. Here, we focus on Protection of Telomeres 1 (POT1), the shelterin protein that appears to be most commonly involved in cancer, and consider the clinical significance of findings about its biological functions and the prevalence of inherited and acquired mutations in the POT1 gene. Abstract Telomere abnormalities facilitate cancer development by contributing to genomic instability and cellular immortalization. The Protection of Telomeres 1 (POT1) protein is an essential subunit of the shelterin telomere binding complex. It directly binds to single-stranded telomeric DNA, protecting chromosomal ends from an inappropriate DNA damage response, and plays a role in telomere length regulation. Alterations of POT1 have been detected in a range of cancers. Here, we review the biological functions of POT1, the prevalence of POT1 germline and somatic mutations across cancer predisposition syndromes and tumor types, and the dysregulation of POT1 expression in cancers. We propose a framework for understanding how POT1 abnormalities may contribute to oncogenesis in different cell types. Finally, we summarize the clinical implications of POT1 alterations in the germline and in cancer, and possible approaches for the development of targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxiu Wu
- Cancer Research Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia;
- ProCan® Cancer Data Science Group, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Rebecca C. Poulos
- ProCan® Cancer Data Science Group, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Roger R. Reddel
- Cancer Research Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-8865-2901
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Urbini M, Astolfi A, Indio V, Nannini M, Pizzi C, Paolisso P, Tarantino G, Pantaleo MA, Saponara M. Genetic aberrations and molecular biology of cardiac sarcoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920918492. [PMID: 32489430 PMCID: PMC7238448 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920918492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tumors are rare and complex entities. Early assessment and differentiation between non-neoplastic and neoplastic masses, be they benign or malignant, is essential for guiding diagnosis, determining prognosis, and planning therapy. Cardiac sarcomas represent the most frequent primary malignant histotype. They could have manifold presentations so that the diagnosis is often belated. Moreover, considering their rarity and the limitation due to the cardiac location itself, the optimal multimodal management of patients affected by primary cardiac sarcomas still remains highly difficult and outcome dismal. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve these results mainly focusing on more adequate tools for prompt diagnosis and exploring new and more effective therapies. Knowledge about the molecular landscape and pathogenesis of cardiac sarcoma is even more limited due to the rarity of this disease. In this sense, the molecular characterization of heart tumors could unfold potentially novel, druggable targets. In this review, we focused on genetic aberrations and molecular biology of cardiac sarcomas, collecting the scarce information available and resuming all the molecular findings discovered in each tumor subtype, with the aim to get further insights on mechanisms involved in tumor growth and to possibly highlight specific molecular profiles that can be used as diagnostic tests and unveil new clinically actionable targets in this tricky and challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Urbini
- “Giorgio Prodi” Cancer Research Center,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- “Giorgio Prodi” Cancer Research Center,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- “Giorgio Prodi” Cancer Research Center,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Nannini
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and
Diagnostic Medicine, Medical Oncology Unit, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmine Pizzi
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and
Diagnostic Medicine, Cardiology and Transplantation, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi
Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pasquale Paolisso
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and
Diagnostic Medicine, Cardiology and Transplantation, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi
Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tarantino
- “Giorgio Prodi” Cancer Research Center,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Abbondanza Pantaleo
- “Giorgio Prodi” Cancer Research Center,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and
Diagnostic Medicine, Medical Oncology Unit, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maristella Saponara
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and
Diagnostic Medicine, Medical Oncology Unit, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital,
University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9, Bologna, Bologna 40138,
Italy
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29
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The Angiosarcoma Project: enabling genomic and clinical discoveries in a rare cancer through patient-partnered research. Nat Med 2020; 26:181-187. [PMID: 32042194 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite rare cancers accounting for 25% of adult tumors1, they are difficult to study due to the low disease incidence and geographically dispersed patient populations, which has resulted in significant unmet clinical needs for patients with rare cancers. We assessed whether a patient-partnered research approach using online engagement can overcome these challenges, focusing on angiosarcoma, a sarcoma with an annual incidence of 300 cases in the United States. Here we describe the development of the Angiosarcoma Project (ASCproject), an initiative enabling US and Canadian patients to remotely share their clinical information and biospecimens for research. The project generates and publicly releases clinically annotated genomic data on tumor and germline specimens on an ongoing basis. Over 18 months, 338 patients registered for the ASCproject, which comprises a large proportion of all patients with angiosarcoma. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 47 tumors revealed recurrently mutated genes that included KDR, TP53, and PIK3CA. PIK3CA-activating mutations were observed predominantly in primary breast angiosarcoma, which suggested a therapeutic rationale. Angiosarcoma of the head, neck, face and scalp (HNFS) was associated with a high tumor mutation burden (TMB) and a dominant ultraviolet damage mutational signature, which suggested that for the subset of patients with angiosarcoma of HNFS, ultraviolet damage may be a causative factor and that immune checkpoint inhibition may be beneficial. Medical record review revealed that two patients with HNFS angiosarcoma had received off-label therapeutic use of antibody to the programmed death-1 protein (anti-PD-1) and had experienced exceptional responses, which highlights immune checkpoint inhibition as a therapeutic avenue for HNFS angiosarcoma. This patient-partnered approach has catalyzed an opportunity to discover the etiology and potential therapies for patients with angiosarcoma. Collectively, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates that empowering patients to directly participate in research can overcome barriers in rare diseases and can enable discoveries.
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Patel VM, Flanagan CE, Martins M, Jones CL, Butler RM, Woollard WJ, Bakr FS, Yoxall A, Begum N, Katan M, Whittaker SJ, Mitchell TJ. Frequent and Persistent PLCG1 Mutations in Sézary Cells Directly Enhance PLCγ1 Activity and Stimulate NFκB, AP-1, and NFAT Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:380-389.e4. [PMID: 31376383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase C Gamma 1 (PLCG1) is frequently mutated in primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). This study functionally interrogated nine PLCG1 mutations (p.R48W, p.S312L, p.D342N, p.S345F, p.S520F, p.R1158H, p.E1163K, p.D1165H, and the in-frame indel p.VYEEDM1161V) identified in Sézary Syndrome, the leukemic variant of CTCL. The mutations were demonstrated in diagnostic samples and persisted in multiple tumor compartments over time, except in patients who achieved a complete clinical remission. In basal conditions, the majority of the mutations confer PLCγ1 gain-of-function activity through increased inositol phosphate production and the downstream activation of NFκB, AP-1, and NFAT transcriptional activity. Phosphorylation of the p.Y783 residue is essential for the proximal activity of wild-type PLCγ1, but we provide evidence that activating mutations do not require p.Y783 phosphorylation to stimulate downstream NFκB, NFAT, and AP-1 transcriptional activity. Finally, the gain-of-function effects associated with the p.VYEEDM1161V indel suggest that the C2 domain may have a role in regulating PLCγ1 activity. These data provide compelling evidence to support the development of therapeutic strategies targeting mutant PLCγ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha M Patel
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E Flanagan
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Martins
- Insituto de Medicina Molecular- João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christine L Jones
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosie M Butler
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wesley J Woollard
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farrah S Bakr
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antoinette Yoxall
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nelema Begum
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matilda Katan
- Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sean J Whittaker
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey J Mitchell
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Megquier K, Turner-Maier J, Swofford R, Kim JH, Sarver AL, Wang C, Sakthikumar S, Johnson J, Koltookian M, Lewellen M, Scott MC, Schulte AJ, Borst L, Tonomura N, Alfoldi J, Painter C, Thomas R, Karlsson EK, Breen M, Modiano JF, Elvers I, Lindblad-Toh K. Comparative Genomics Reveals Shared Mutational Landscape in Canine Hemangiosarcoma and Human Angiosarcoma. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2410-2421. [PMID: 31570656 PMCID: PMC7067513 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a highly aggressive cancer of blood vessel-forming cells with few effective treatment options and high patient mortality. It is both rare and heterogenous, making large, well-powered genomic studies nearly impossible. Dogs commonly suffer from a similar cancer, called hemangiosarcoma, with breeds like the golden retriever carrying heritable genetic factors that put them at high risk. If the clinical similarity of canine hemangiosarcoma and human angiosarcoma reflects shared genomic etiology, dogs could be a critically needed model for advancing angiosarcoma research. We assessed the genomic landscape of canine hemangiosarcoma via whole-exome sequencing (47 golden retriever hemangiosarcomas) and RNA sequencing (74 hemangiosarcomas from multiple breeds). Somatic coding mutations occurred most frequently in the tumor suppressor TP53 (59.6% of cases) as well as two genes in the PI3K pathway: the oncogene PIK3CA (29.8%) and its regulatory subunit PIK3R1 (8.5%). The predominant mutational signature was the age-associated deamination of cytosine to thymine. As reported in human angiosarcoma, CDKN2A/B was recurrently deleted and VEGFA, KDR, and KIT recurrently gained. We compared the canine data to human data recently released by The Angiosarcoma Project, and found many of the same genes and pathways significantly enriched for somatic mutations, particularly in breast and visceral angiosarcomas. Canine hemangiosarcoma closely models the genomic landscape of human angiosarcoma of the breast and viscera, and is a powerful tool for investigating the pathogenesis of this devastating disease. IMPLICATIONS: We characterize the genomic landscape of canine hemangiosarcoma and demonstrate its similarity to human angiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Megquier
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Ross Swofford
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jong-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aaron L Sarver
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Chao Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sharadha Sakthikumar
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeremy Johnson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mitzi Lewellen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Milcah C Scott
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ashley J Schulte
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Luke Borst
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Noriko Tonomura
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica Alfoldi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Corrie Painter
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Count Me In, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rachael Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, and Comparative Medicine Institute, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, and Comparative Medicine Institute, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ingegerd Elvers
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Calvete O, Garcia‐Pavia P, Domínguez F, Mosteiro L, Pérez‐Cabornero L, Cantalapiedra D, Zorio E, Ramón y Cajal T, Crespo‐Leiro MG, Teulé Á, Lázaro C, Morente MM, Urioste M, Benitez J. POT1 and Damage Response Malfunction Trigger Acquisition of Somatic Activating Mutations in the VEGF Pathway in Cardiac Angiosarcomas. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012875. [PMID: 31510873 PMCID: PMC6818007 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Mutations in the POT1 gene explain abnormally long telomeres and multiple tumors including cardiac angiosarcomas (CAS). However, the link between long telomeres and tumorigenesis is poorly understood. Methods and Results Here, we have studied the somatic landscape of 3 different angiosarcoma patients with mutations in the POT1 gene to further investigate this tumorigenesis process. In addition, the genetic landscape of 7 CAS patients without mutations in the POT1 gene has been studied. Patients with CAS and nonfunctional POT1 did not repress ATR (ataxia telangiectasia RAD3-related)-dependent DNA damage signaling and showed a constitutive increase of cell cycle arrest and somatic activating mutations in the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)/angiogenesis pathway (KDR gene). The same observation was made in POT1 mutation carriers with tumors different from CAS and also in CAS patients without mutations in the POT1 gene but with mutations in other genes involved in DNA damage signaling. Conclusions Inhibition of POT1 function and damage-response malfunction activated DNA damage signaling and increased cell cycle arrest as well as interfered with apoptosis, which would permit acquisition of somatic mutations in the VEGF/angiogenesis pathway that drives tumor formation. Therapies based on the inhibition of damage signaling in asymptomatic carriers may diminish defects on cell cycle arrest and thus prevent the apoptosis deregulation that leads to the acquisition of driver mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Calvete
- Human Genetics GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)MadridSpain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER)MadridSpain
| | - Pablo Garcia‐Pavia
- Department of CardiologyHospital Universitario Puerta de HierroMadridSpain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV)MadridSpain
| | - Fernando Domínguez
- Department of CardiologyHospital Universitario Puerta de HierroMadridSpain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
- Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC)MadridSpain
| | - Lluc Mosteiro
- Tumour Suppression GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | - Diego Cantalapiedra
- Medical Genetics UnitSistemas GenómicosParque Tecnológico de ValenciaPaternaSpain
| | - Esther Zorio
- Department of CardiologyHospital Universitario y Politécnico La FeValenciaSpain
| | | | - Maria G. Crespo‐Leiro
- Department of CardiologyHospital Universitario Puerta de HierroMadridSpain
- Department of CardiologyInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUfSiAC)A CoruñaSpain
| | - Álex Teulé
- Hereditary Cancer Program‐Medical Oncology ServiceCatalan Institute of OncologyICO‐IDIBELL and CIBERONCBarcelonaSpain
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Medical Oncology ServiceCatalan Institute of OncologyICO‐IDIBELL and CIBERONCBarcelonaSpain
| | - Manuel M. Morente
- Biobank UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Miguel Urioste
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER)MadridSpain
- Familial Cancer Clinical UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)MadridSpain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER)MadridSpain
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Endothelial Ca 2+ Signaling, Angiogenesis and Vasculogenesis: just What It Takes to Make a Blood Vessel. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163962. [PMID: 31416282 PMCID: PMC6721072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that endothelial Ca2+ signals drive angiogenesis by recruiting multiple Ca2+-sensitive decoders in response to pro-angiogenic cues, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, stromal derived factor-1α and angiopoietins. Recently, it was shown that intracellular Ca2+ signaling also drives vasculogenesis by stimulation proliferation, tube formation and neovessel formation in endothelial progenitor cells. Herein, we survey how growth factors, chemokines and angiogenic modulators use endothelial Ca2+ signaling to regulate angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. The endothelial Ca2+ response to pro-angiogenic cues may adopt different waveforms, ranging from Ca2+ transients or biphasic Ca2+ signals to repetitive Ca2+ oscillations, and is mainly driven by endogenous Ca2+ release through inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors and by store-operated Ca2+ entry through Orai1 channels. Lysosomal Ca2+ release through nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate-gated two-pore channels is, however, emerging as a crucial pro-angiogenic pathway, which sustains intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Understanding how endothelial Ca2+ signaling regulates angiogenesis and vasculogenesis could shed light on alternative strategies to induce therapeutic angiogenesis or interfere with the aberrant vascularization featuring cancer and intraocular disorders.
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Weidema M, Versleijen-Jonkers Y, Flucke U, Desar I, van der Graaf W. Targeting angiosarcomas of the soft tissues: A challenging effort in a heterogeneous and rare disease. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 138:120-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Combined effects of FH (E404D) and ACOX2 (R409H) cause metabolic defects in primary cardiac malignant tumor. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:18. [PMID: 30062063 PMCID: PMC6056498 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary malignant cardiac tumors (PMCTs) are extremely rare. The apparent immunity of the heart to invasive cancer has attracted considerable interest given the continuously rising incidence of cancer in other organs. This study aims to determine the conditions that could result in cardiac carcinoma and expand our understanding of cardiac tumor occurrence. We report two cases: a male (Patient-1) with primary cardiac malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and a female (Patient-2) with primary cardiac angiosarcoma. Merged genome-wide analyses of aCGH, Exome sequencing, and RNA-sequencing were performed on Patient-1 using peripheral blood, carcinoma tissue, and samples of adjacent normal tissue. Only whole-transcriptome analysis was carried out on Patient-2, due to insufficient quantities of sample from Patient-2. We identified a novel inherited loss of functional mutation of FH (Glu404Asp), a recurrent somatic hotspot mutation of PIK3CA (His1047Arg) and a somatic duplication in copy number of HIF1A. FH (E404D) severely compromised FH enzyme activity and lead to decreased protein expression in cardiac tumor tissues. We previously reported a functional mutation ACOX2 (R409H), which is potentially associated with decreased β-oxidation of fatty acids in the cardiac tumor tissue. Results of transcriptome analyses on two patients further revealed that the RNA expression of genes in the TCA cycle and beta-oxidation were uniformly downregulated. In this study, combined effects of FH (E404D) and ACOX2 (R409H) on metabolic switch from fatty acids to glucose were remarkably distinct, which might be an essential precondition to trigger the occurrence of PMCTs and mimic the Warburg effect, a hallmark of cancer metabolism.
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Yang L, Liu L, Han B, Han W, Zhao M. Apatinib treatment for KIT- and KDR-amplified angiosarcoma: a case report. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:618. [PMID: 29855279 PMCID: PMC5984462 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic or relapsed angiosarcoma has a poor prognosis and the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy is often limited. Apatinib, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), has been approved for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Case presentation Herein, we report a patient with advanced angiosarcoma, who received apatinib at a daily dose of 250 to 725 mg, resulting in a partial response for three months, which may be related to Kinase Insert Domain Receptor (KDR) gene amplification. Conclusion Our experience reported here indicated that apatinib may be a useful therapeutic option for treatment of patients with advanced angiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishu Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Lizhu Liu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- 3D Medicine Inc. Shanghai, Shanghai, 201114, People's Republic of China
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Bräuninger A, Blau W, Kunze K, Desch AK, Brobeil A, Tur MK, Etschmann B, Günther U, Körholz D, Schliesser G, Käbisch A, Kiehl M, Rummel M, Gattenlöhner S. Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Is a Sensitive Tool for Differential Diagnosis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Bone Marrow Trephines. J Mol Diagn 2018; 20:344-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Jang HJ, Suh PG, Lee YJ, Shin KJ, Cocco L, Chae YC. PLCγ1: Potential arbitrator of cancer progression. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 67:179-189. [PMID: 29174396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) is an essential mediator of cellular signaling. PLC regulates multiple cellular processes by generating bioactive molecules such as inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). These products propagate and regulate cellular signaling via calcium (Ca2+) mobilization and activation of protein kinase C (PKC), other kinases, and ion channels. PLCγ1, one of the primary subtypes of PLC, is directly activated by membrane receptors, including receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and adhesion receptors such as integrin. PLCγ1 mediates signaling through direct interactions with other signaling molecules via SH domains, as well as its lipase activity. PLCγ1 is frequently enriched and mutated in various cancers, and is involved in the processes of tumorigenesis, including proliferation, migration, and invasion. Although many studies have suggested that PLCγ functions in cell mobility rather than proliferation in cancer, questions remain as to whether PLCγ regulates mitogenesis and whether PLCγ promotes or inhibits proliferation. Moreover, how PLCγ regulates cancer-associated cellular processes and the interplay among other proteins involved in cancer progression have yet to be fully elucidated. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of PLCγ1 in cancer mobility and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Shin
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Young Chan Chae
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
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Li CF, Liu TT, Chuang IC, Chen YY, Fang FM, Chan TC, Li WS, Huang HY. PLCB4 copy gain and PLCß4 overexpression in primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Integrative characterization of a lipid-catabolizing enzyme associated with worse disease-free survival. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19997-20010. [PMID: 28212550 PMCID: PMC5386739 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the implications of lipid catabolism-associated genes in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, we reappraised transcriptomic and genomic datasets and identified copy-gained and differentially upregulated PLCB4 gene associated with tumor progression. On full sections, PLCB4 mRNA abundance and PLCß4 immunoexpression were validated in 70 cases. On tissue microarrays, PLCB4 gene copies and PLCß4 immunoexpression were both informative in 350 cases with KIT/PDGFRA/BRAF genotypes noted in 213. In GIST48 cell line, we stably silenced PLCB4 and YAP1 to characterize their functional effects and regulatory link. Compared with normal tissue, PLCB4 mRNA abundance significantly increased across tumors of various risk levels (p<0.001), and was strongly correlated with immunoexpression level (p<0.001, r=0.468). Including polysomy (12.6%) and amplification (17.4%), PLCB4 copy gain was detected in 105 (30%) cases and significantly more frequent (p<0.001) in cases exhibiting higher PLCß4 immunoexpression (82/175). Copy gain and protein overexpression were modestly associated with unfavorable genotypes (both p<0.05), strongly associated with increased size, mitosis, and risk levels defined by both the NIH and NCCN schemes (all p<0.001), and univariately predictive of shorter disease-free survival (both p<0.0001). In PLCß4-overexpressing cases, PLCB4 copy gain still predicted worse prognosis (p<0.0001). In a multivariate comparison, both overexpression (p=0.007, hazard ratio: 2.454) and copy gain (p=0.031, hazard ratio: 1.892) exhibited independent impact. In vitro, YAP1 increased PLCB4 mRNA and protein expression, and both molecules significantly promoted cell proliferation. Being driven by copy gain or YAP1, PLCß4 is a novel overexpressed enzyme regulating lipid catabolism that promotes cell proliferation and independently confers a worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.,Bone and Soft Tissue Study Group, Taiwan Society of Pathology, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chieh Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Bone and Soft Tissue Study Group, Taiwan Society of Pathology, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yang Chen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Min Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Chun Chan
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Shan Li
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Bone and Soft Tissue Study Group, Taiwan Society of Pathology, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ying Huang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Bone and Soft Tissue Study Group, Taiwan Society of Pathology, Taiwan
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Activating mutation of PDGFRB gene in a rare cardiac undifferentiated intimal sarcoma of the left atrium: a case report. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81709-81716. [PMID: 29113426 PMCID: PMC5655321 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor with undefined genetic mutations and no targeted therapy. Here in one rare case of undifferentiated cardiac intimal sarcoma (IS), a next-generation sequencing based assay, MSK-IMPACT (Memorial Sloan Kettering - Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets), identified a somatic, activating mutation in PDGFRB, along with amplification of PDGFRA. This E472D mutation of PDGFRB was discovered for the first time in IS. These findings suggest that concurrent aberrant PDGFRA and PDGFRB signaling may be a diagnostic biomarker and molecular therapeutic target of IS of the heart.
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Calvete O, Garcia-Pavia P, Domínguez F, Bougeard G, Kunze K, Braeuninger A, Teule A, Lasa A, Ramón Y Cajal T, Llort G, Fernández V, Lázaro C, Urioste M, Benitez J. The wide spectrum of POT1 gene variants correlates with multiple cancer types. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25:1278-1281. [PMID: 28853721 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The POT1 protein binds and protects telomeres. Germline variants in the POT1 gene have recently been shown to be associated with risk of developing tumors in different tissues such as familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia, colorectal, glioma and melanoma tumors. Recently, we uncovered a variant in the POT1 gene (p.R117C) as causative of familial cardiac angiosarcomas (CAS) in Li-Fraumeni-like (LFL) syndrome families. Our in silico studies predicted that this protein had lost the ability to interact with TPP1 and single-stranded DNA. In vitro studies corroborated this prediction and showed that this lack of function leads to abnormally long telomeres. To better understand the POT1 gene and its role with tumorigenesis, we extended the study to LFL (with and without members affected with angiosarcomas (AS)) and sporadic AS and cardiac sarcomas. We found POT1 variants in the 20% of the families with members affected with AS and 10% of sporadic AS and sarcomas. In silico studies predicted that these new variants were damaging in the same manner as previously described for the POT1 p.R117C variants. The wide spectrum of variants in the POT1 gene leading to tumorigenesis in different tissues demonstrates its general importance. Study of the POT1 gene should be considered as routine diagnostic in these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Calvete
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Garcia-Pavia
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Domínguez
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gaelle Bougeard
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Kristin Kunze
- Department of Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Alex Teule
- Hereditary Cancer Program-Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology, ICO-IDIBELL and CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Lasa
- Genetic Service, Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gemma Llort
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Fernández
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, ICO-IDIBELL and CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Urioste
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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Jiang D, Zhuang J, Peng W, Lu Y, Liu H, Zhao Q, Chi C, Li X, Zhu G, Xu X, Yan C, Xu Y, Ge J, Pang J. Phospholipase Cγ1 Mediates Intima Formation Through Akt-Notch1 Signaling Independent of the Phospholipase Activity. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.005537. [PMID: 28698260 PMCID: PMC5586285 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation are critical for vascular diseases. Recently, it was demonstrated that Notch receptors have opposing effects on intima formation after vessel injury. Therefore, it is important to investigate the specific regulatory pathways that activate the different Notch receptors. Methods and Results There was a time‐ and dose‐dependent activation of Notch1 by angiotensin II and platelet‐derived growth factor in vascular smooth muscle cells. When phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) expression was reduced by small interfering RNA, Notch1 activation and Hey2 expression (Notch target gene) induced by angiotensin II or platelet‐derived growth factor were remarkably inhibited, while Notch2 degradation was not affected. Mechanistically, we observed an association of PLCγ1 and Akt, which increased after angiotensin II or platelet‐derived growth factor stimulation. PLCγ1 knockdown significantly inhibited Akt activation. Importantly, PLCγ1 phospholipase site mutation (no phospholipase activity) did not affect Akt activation. Furthermore, PLCγ1 depletion inhibited platelet‐derived growth factor–induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation, while it increased apoptosis. In vivo, PLCγ1 and control small interfering RNA were delivered periadventitially in pluronic gel and complete carotid artery ligation was performed. Morphometric analysis 21 days after ligation demonstrated that PLCγ1 small interfering RNA robustly attenuated intima area and intima/media ratio compared with the control group. Conclusions PLCγ1‐Akt–mediated Notch1 signaling is crucial for intima formation. This effect is attributable to PLCγ1‐Akt interaction but not PLCγ1 phospholipase activity. Specific inhibition of the PLCγ1 and Akt interaction will be a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chi
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiankai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangbin Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjiang Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China .,Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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Wagner MJ, Ravi V, Menter DG, Sood AK. Endothelial cell malignancies: new insights from the laboratory and clinic. NPJ Precis Oncol 2017; 1:11. [PMID: 29872699 PMCID: PMC5859470 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-017-0013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell malignancies are rare in the Western world and range from intermediate grade hemangioendothelioma to Kaposi sarcoma to aggressive high-grade angiosarcoma that metastasize early and have a high rate of mortality. These malignancies are associated with dysregulation of normal endothelial cell signaling pathways, including the vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin, and Notch pathways. Discoveries over the past two decades related to mechanisms of angiogenesis have led to the development of many drugs that intuitively would be promising therapeutic candidates for these endothelial-derived tumors. However, clinical efficacy of such drugs has been limited. New insights into the mechanisms that lead to dysregulated angiogenesis such as mutation or amplification in known angiogenesis related genes, viral infection, and chromosomal translocations have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of endothelial malignancies and how they evade anti-angiogenesis drugs. In this review, we describe the major molecular alterations in endothelial cell malignancies and consider emerging opportunities for improving therapeutic efficacy against these rare but deadly tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wagner
- 1Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Vinod Ravi
- 2Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - David G Menter
- 3Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- 4Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA.,5Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA.,6Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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44
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Phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCG1) R707Q mutation is counterselected under targeted therapy in a patient with hepatic angiosarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 6:36418-25. [PMID: 26474454 PMCID: PMC4742186 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive vascular neoplasm. Pathogenic driver mutations are largely unknown. We present the case of a patient with recurrent hepatic angiosarcoma, who initially showed good response to sunitinib, followed by progression. Using comprehensive molecular techniques, we explored the potential mechanisms of resistance. By low-read-depth whole-genome sequencing, the comparison of copy number aberrations (CNAs) of the primary tumor to the skin metastatic lesion that developed after progression on sunitinib, revealed high-level amplification of the 4q11-q13.1 region (containing KIT, PDGFRA and VEGFR2 genes) that was sustained in both lesions. Whole exome sequencing on the germline, primary and metastatic tumor DNAs, resulted in 27 confirmed mutations, 19 of which (including TP53 mutation) presented in both primary and metastatic lesions. One mutation, ZNF331 frameshift deletion, was detected only in the primary tumor. In contrast, seven other mutations, including phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLCG1) R707Q mutation, were found only in the metastatic tumor, indicating selection of cells with the resistant genotype under sunitinib pressure. Our study supports the notion that PLCG1-R707Q mutation may confer VEGFR2-independent signaling and may thus cause resistance against VEGF(R)-directed therapies. This case illustrates also the advantages of using next-generation technologies in identifying individualized targeted therapy.
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Leduc C, Jenkins SM, Sukov WR, Rustin JG, Maleszewski JJ. Cardiac angiosarcoma: histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic analysis of 10 cases. Hum Pathol 2017; 60:199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Murali R, Chandramohan R, Möller I, Scholz SL, Berger M, Huberman K, Viale A, Pirun M, Socci ND, Bouvier N, Bauer S, Artl M, Schilling B, Schimming T, Sucker A, Schwindenhammer B, Grabellus F, Speicher MR, Schaller J, Hillen U, Schadendorf D, Mentzel T, Cheng DT, Wiesner T, Griewank KG. Targeted massively parallel sequencing of angiosarcomas reveals frequent activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36041-52. [PMID: 26440310 PMCID: PMC4742160 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal tumors of endothelial differentiation. The clinical behavior is usually aggressive and the prognosis for patients with advanced disease is poor with no effective therapies. The genetic bases of these tumors have been partially revealed in recent studies reporting genetic alterations such as amplifications of MYC (primarily in radiation-associated angiosarcomas), inactivating mutations in PTPRB and R707Q hotspot mutations of PLCG1. Here, we performed a comprehensive genomic analysis of 34 angiosarcomas using a clinically-approved, hybridization-based targeted next-generation sequencing assay for 341 well-established oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Over half of the angiosarcomas (n = 18, 53%) harbored genetic alterations affecting the MAPK pathway, involving mutations in KRAS, HRAS, NRAS, BRAF, MAPK1 and NF1, or amplifications in MAPK1/CRKL, CRAF or BRAF. The most frequently detected genetic aberrations were mutations in TP53 in 12 tumors(35%) and losses of CDKN2A in9 tumors (26%). MYC amplifications were generally mutually exclusive of TP53 alterations and CDKN2A loss and were identified in 8 tumors (24%), most of which (n = 7, 88%) arose post-irradiation. Previously reported mutations in PTPRB (n = 10, 29%) and one (3%) PLCG1 R707Q mutation were also identified. Our results demonstrate that angiosarcomas are a genetically heterogeneous group of tumors, harboring a wide range of genetic alterations. The high frequency of genetic events affecting the MAPK pathway suggests that targeted therapies inhibiting MAPK signaling may be promising therapeutic avenues in patients with advanced angiosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajmohan Murali
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raghu Chandramohan
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inga Möller
- Department of Dermatology, UUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone L Scholz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Berger
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kety Huberman
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Agnes Viale
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mono Pirun
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas D Socci
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy Bouvier
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monika Artl
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology, UUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schimming
- Department of Dermatology, UUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Sucker
- Department of Dermatology, UUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schwindenhammer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Grabellus
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Uwe Hillen
- Department of Dermatology, UUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, UUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Mentzel
- Dermatopathology Friedrichshafen, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - Donavan T Cheng
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Wiesner
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus G Griewank
- Department of Dermatology, UUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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Recurrent CIC Gene Abnormalities in Angiosarcomas: A Molecular Study of 120 Cases With Concurrent Investigation of PLCG1, KDR, MYC, and FLT4 Gene Alterations. Am J Surg Pathol 2016; 40:645-55. [PMID: 26735859 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiosarcoma (AS) is a rare sarcoma subtype showing considerable clinicopathologic and genetic heterogeneity. Most radiation-induced AS show MYC gene amplifications, with a subset of cases harboring KDR, PTPRB, and PLCG1 mutations. Despite recent advances, the genetic abnormalities of most primary AS remain undefined. Whole-transcriptome sequencing was initiated in 2 index cases of primary soft tissue AS with epithelioid morphology occurring in young adults for novel gene discovery. The candidate abnormalities were validated and then screened by targeted sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization in a large cohort of 120 well-characterized AS cases. Findings were subsequently correlated with the status of KDR, PLCG1, MYC, and FLT4 gene abnormalities. The clinicopathologic relevance and prognostic significance of these genetic changes were analyzed by statistical methods. Concurrent CIC mutations and CIC rearrangements were identified in both index cases, with a CIC-LEUTX fusion detected in 1 case. Upon screening, an additional visceral AS in a young adult had a complex CIC rearrangement, whereas 6 others harbored only CIC mutations. All 3 CIC-rearranged AS cases lacked vasoformation and had a solid growth of round, epithelioid to rhabdoid cells, showing immunoreactivity for CD31 and Ets-related gene and sharing a transcriptional signature with other round cell sarcomas, including CIC-rearranged tumors. Overall, CIC abnormalities occurred in 9% (9/98) of cases, affecting younger patients with primary AS, with an inferior disease-free survival. In contrast, PLCG1 and KDR mutations occurred in both primary and secondary AS cases, accounting for 9.5% and 7%, respectively, with a predilection for breast and bone/viscera location, regardless of MYC status. MYC amplification was present in most secondary AS related to breast cancer (91%) compared with other causes (25%) or primary AS (7%). FLT4-amplified AS lacked PLCG1/KDR mutations, occurring predominantly in MYC-amplified population, and showed poor prognosis.
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48
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Palaniappan A, Ramar K, Ramalingam S. Computational Identification of Novel Stage-Specific Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Progression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156665. [PMID: 27243824 PMCID: PMC4887059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that the conversion of normal colon epithelium to adenoma and then to carcinoma stems from acquired molecular changes in the genome. The genetic basis of colorectal cancer has been elucidated to a certain extent, and much remains to be known about the identity of specific cancer genes that are associated with the advancement of colorectal cancer from one stage to the next. Here in this study we attempted to identify novel cancer genes that could underlie the stage-specific progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer. We conducted a stage-based meta-analysis of the voluminous tumor genome-sequencing data and mined using multiple approaches for novel genes driving the progression to stage-II, stage-III and stage-IV colorectal cancer. The consensus of these driver genes seeded the construction of stage-specific networks, which were then analyzed for the centrality of genes, clustering of subnetworks, and enrichment of gene-ontology processes. Our study identified three novel driver genes as hubs for stage-II progression: DYNC1H1, GRIN2A, GRM1. Four novel driver genes were identified as hubs for stage-III progression: IGF1R, CPS1, SPTA1, DSP. Three novel driver genes were identified as hubs for stage-IV progression: GSK3B, GGT1, EIF2B5. We also identified several non-driver genes that appeared to underscore the progression of colorectal cancer. Our study yielded potential diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer as well as novel stage-specific drug targets for rational intervention. Our methodology is extendable to the analysis of other types of cancer to fill the gaps in our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Palaniappan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Karthick Ramar
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India
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Candidate driver genes involved in genome maintenance and DNA repair in Sézary syndrome. Blood 2016; 127:3387-97. [PMID: 27121473 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-02-699843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS) is a leukemic variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and represents an ideal model for study of T-cell transformation. We describe whole-exome and single-nucleotide polymorphism array-based copy number analyses of CD4(+) tumor cells from untreated patients at diagnosis and targeted resequencing of 101 SS cases. A total of 824 somatic nonsynonymous gene variants were identified including indels, stop-gain/loss, splice variants, and recurrent gene variants indicative of considerable molecular heterogeneity. Driver genes identified using MutSigCV include POT1, which has not been previously reported in CTCL; and TP53 and DNMT3A, which were also identified consistent with previous reports. Mutations in PLCG1 were detected in 11% of tumors including novel variants not previously described in SS. This study is also the first to show BRCA2 defects in a significant proportion (14%) of SS tumors. Aberrations in PRKCQ were found to occur in 20% of tumors highlighting selection for activation of T-cell receptor/NF-κB signaling. A complex but consistent pattern of copy number variants (CNVs) was detected and many CNVs involved genes identified as putative drivers. Frequent defects involving the POT1 and ATM genes responsible for telomere maintenance were detected and may contribute to genomic instability in SS. Genomic aberrations identified were enriched for genes implicated in cell survival and fate, specifically PDGFR, ERK, JAK STAT, MAPK, and TCR/NF-κB signaling; epigenetic regulation (DNMT3A, ASLX3, TET1-3); and homologous recombination (RAD51C, BRCA2, POLD1). This study now provides the basis for a detailed functional analysis of malignant transformation of mature T cells and improved patient stratification and treatment.
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Nguyen TD, Carrascal M, Vidal-Cortes O, Gallardo O, Casas V, Gay M, Phan VC, Abian J. The phosphoproteome of human Jurkat T cell clones upon costimulation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies. J Proteomics 2016; 131:190-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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