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Dutta A, Thakur S, Dey DK, Kumar A. Cisplatin and Starvation Differently Sensitize Autophagy in Renal Carcinoma: A Potential Therapeutic Pathway to Target Variegated Drugs Resistant Cancerous Cells. Cells 2024; 13:471. [PMID: 38534315 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin, a powerful chemotherapy medication, has long been a cornerstone in the fight against cancer due to chemotherapeutic failure. The mechanism of cisplatin resistance/failure is a multifaceted and complex issue that consists mainly of apoptosis inhibition through autophagy sensitization. Currently, researchers are exploring ways to regulate autophagy in order to tip the balance in favor of effective chemotherapy. Based on this notion, the current study primarily identifies the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cisplatin-treated autophagic ACHN cells through the Illumina Hi-seq platform. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database and KEGG. GO classifiers were implicated to identify genes and their participating biological pathways. ClueGO, David, and MCODE detected ontological enrichment and sub-networking. The network topology was further examined using 12 different algorithms to identify top-ranked hub genes through the Cytoscape plugin Cytohubba to identify potential targets, which established profound drug efficacy under an autophagic environment. Considerable upregulation of genes related to autophagy and apoptosis suggests that autophagy boosts cisplatin efficacy in malignant ACHN cells with minimal harm to normal HEK-293 growth. Furthermore, the determination of cellular viability and apoptosis by AnnexinV/FITC-PI assay corroborates with in silico data, indicating the reliability of the bioinformatics method followed by qRT-PCR. Altogether, our data provide a clear molecular insight into drug efficacy under starved conditions to improve chemotherapy and will likely prompt more clinical trials on this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Dutta
- Advanced Nanoscale Molecular Oncology Laboratory (ANMOL), Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Subarna Thakur
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of North Bengal, Siliguri 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Debasish Kumar Dey
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Advanced Nanoscale Molecular Oncology Laboratory (ANMOL), Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri 734013, West Bengal, India
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Wu YQ, Zhang CS, Xiong J, Cai DQ, Wang CZ, Wang Y, Liu YH, Wang Y, Li Y, Wu J, Wu J, Lan B, Wang X, Chen S, Cao X, Wei X, Hu HH, Guo H, Yu Y, Ghafoor A, Xie C, Wu Y, Xu Z, Zhang C, Zhu M, Huang X, Sun X, Lin SY, Piao HL, Zhou J, Lin SC. Low glucose metabolite 3-phosphoglycerate switches PHGDH from serine synthesis to p53 activation to control cell fate. Cell Res 2023; 33:835-850. [PMID: 37726403 PMCID: PMC10624847 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolytic intermediary metabolites such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate can serve as signals, controlling metabolic states beyond energy metabolism. However, whether glycolytic metabolites also play a role in controlling cell fate remains unexplored. Here, we find that low levels of glycolytic metabolite 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) can switch phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) from cataplerosis serine synthesis to pro-apoptotic activation of p53. PHGDH is a p53-binding protein, and when unoccupied by 3-PGA interacts with the scaffold protein AXIN in complex with the kinase HIPK2, both of which are also p53-binding proteins. This leads to the formation of a multivalent p53-binding complex that allows HIPK2 to specifically phosphorylate p53-Ser46 and thereby promote apoptosis. Furthermore, we show that PHGDH mutants (R135W and V261M) that are constitutively bound to 3-PGA abolish p53 activation even under low glucose conditions, while the mutants (T57A and T78A) unable to bind 3-PGA cause constitutive p53 activation and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, even in the presence of high glucose. In vivo, PHGDH-T57A induces apoptosis and inhibits the growth of diethylnitrosamine-induced mouse HCC, whereas PHGDH-R135W prevents apoptosis and promotes HCC growth, and knockout of Trp53 abolishes these effects above. Importantly, caloric restriction that lowers whole-body glucose levels can impede HCC growth dependent on PHGDH. Together, these results unveil a mechanism by which glucose availability autonomously controls p53 activity, providing a new paradigm of cell fate control by metabolic substrate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chen-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jinye Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dong-Qi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chen-Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Lan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xianglei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hui-Hui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yaxin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Abdul Ghafoor
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Changchuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yaying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zheni Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Cixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Mingxia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiufeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shu-Yong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Long Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianyin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Sheng-Cai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Yu Z, Chen G, Feng Z, Li Y, Yu H, Shi W, Gou X, Zhang C, Peng X. Establishing a prognostic model based on five starvation-related long non-coding RNAs for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6736-6748. [PMID: 37341994 PMCID: PMC10415547 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Starvation-induced tumor microenvironment significantly alters genetic profiles including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), further regulating the malignant biological characteristics (invasion and migration) of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS Transcriptome RNA-sequencing data of 539 ccRCC tumors and 72 normal tissues were acquired from the TCGA and paired clinical samples of 50 ccRCC patients. In vitro experiments, such as qPCR, migration and invasion assays were applied to reveal the clinical relevance of LINC-PINT, AC108449.2 and AC007637.1. RESULTS 170 lncRNAs were verified as starvation-related lncRNAs (SR-LncRs), of which 25 lncRNAs were associated with overall survival in ccRCC patients. Furthermore, a starvation-related risk score model (SRSM) was built based on the expression levels of LINC-PINT, AC108449.2, AC009120.2, AC008702.2 and AC007637.1. ccRCC patients with high level of LINC-PINT expression were divided into high-risk group and led to higher mortality, but AC108449.2 and AC007637.1 were contrary. Analogously, LINC-PINT was highly expressed in ccRCC cell lines and tumor tissues, especially in patients with advanced stage, T-stage and M-stage, while AC108449.2 and AC007637.1 showed the opposite results. In addition, the increased levels of AC108449.2 and AC007637.1 were significantly correlated with grade. Silencing LINC-PINT reduced the invasion and migration characteristics of ccRCC cells. SiR-AC108449.2 and siR-AC007637.1 enhanced the ability of invasion and migration in ccRCC cells. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we find the clinical significance of LINC-PINT, AC108449.2 and AC007637.1 in predicting the prognosis of ccRCC patients and verify their correlation with various clinical parameters. These findings provide an advisable risk score model for ccRCC clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Urology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenwei Feng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Chongqing, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Gou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlin Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Chongqing, China
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4
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Wang K, Papadopoulos N, Hamidi A, Lennartsson J, Heldin CH. SUMOylation of PDGF receptor α affects signaling via PLCγ and STAT3, and cell proliferation. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:19. [PMID: 37193980 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-023-00481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family of ligands exerts their cellular effects by binding to α- and β-tyrosine kinase receptors (PDGFRα and PDGFRβ, respectively). SUMOylation is an important posttranslational modification (PTM) which regulates protein stability, localization, activation and protein interactions. A mass spectrometry screen has demonstrated SUMOylation of PDGFRα. However, the functional role of SUMOylation of PDGFRα has remained unknown. RESULTS In the present study, we validated that PDGFRα is SUMOylated on lysine residue 917 as was previously reported using a mass spectrometry approach. Mutation of lysine residue 917 to arginine (K917R) in PDGFRα substantially decreased SUMOylation, indicating that this amino acid residue is a major SUMOylation site. Whereas no difference in the stability of wild-type and mutant receptor was observed, the K917R mutant PDGFRα was less ubiquitinated than wild-type PDGFRα. The internalization and trafficking of the receptor to early and late endosomes were not affected by the mutation, neither was the localization of the PDGFRα to Golgi. However, the K917R mutant PDGFRα showed delayed activation of PLC-γ and enhanced activation of STAT3. Functional assays showed that the mutation of K917 of PDGFRα decreased cell proliferation in response to PDGF-BB stimulation. CONCLUSIONS SUMOylation of PDGFRα decreases ubiquitination of the receptor and affects ligand-induced signaling and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehuan Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Box 582, Sweden
| | - Natalia Papadopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Box 582, Sweden
| | - Anahita Hamidi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Box 582, Sweden
| | - Johan Lennartsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Box 582, Sweden.
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5
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Pateras IS, Williams C, Gianniou DD, Margetis AT, Avgeris M, Rousakis P, Legaki AI, Mirtschink P, Zhang W, Panoutsopoulou K, Delis AD, Pagakis SN, Tang W, Ambs S, Warpman Berglund U, Helleday T, Varvarigou A, Chatzigeorgiou A, Nordström A, Tsitsilonis OE, Trougakos IP, Gilthorpe JD, Frisan T. Short term starvation potentiates the efficacy of chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer via metabolic reprogramming. J Transl Med 2023; 21:169. [PMID: 36869333 PMCID: PMC9983166 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy (CT) is central to the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), but drug toxicity and resistance place strong restrictions on treatment regimes. Fasting sensitizes cancer cells to a range of chemotherapeutic agents and also ameliorates CT-associated adverse effects. However, the molecular mechanism(s) by which fasting, or short-term starvation (STS), improves the efficacy of CT is poorly characterized. METHODS The differential responses of breast cancer or near normal cell lines to combined STS and CT were assessed by cellular viability and integrity assays (Hoechst and PI staining, MTT or H2DCFDA staining, immunofluorescence), metabolic profiling (Seahorse analysis, metabolomics), gene expression (quantitative real-time PCR) and iRNA-mediated silencing. The clinical significance of the in vitro data was evaluated by bioinformatical integration of transcriptomic data from patient data bases: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and a TNBC cohort. We further examined the translatability of our findings in vivo by establishing a murine syngeneic orthotopic mammary tumor-bearing model. RESULTS We provide mechanistic insights into how preconditioning with STS enhances the susceptibility of breast cancer cells to CT. We showed that combined STS and CT enhanced cell death and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, in association with higher levels of DNA damage and decreased mRNA levels for the NRF2 targets genes NQO1 and TXNRD1 in TNBC cells compared to near normal cells. ROS enhancement was associated with compromised mitochondrial respiration and changes in the metabolic profile, which have a significant clinical prognostic and predictive value. Furthermore, we validate the safety and efficacy of combined periodic hypocaloric diet and CT in a TNBC mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro, in vivo and clinical findings provide a robust rationale for clinical trials on the therapeutic benefit of short-term caloric restriction as an adjuvant to CT in triple breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis S Pateras
- 2nd Department of Pathology, "Attikon" University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62, Athens, Greece.
| | - Chloe Williams
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Despoina D Gianniou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84, Athens, Greece
| | - Aggelos T Margetis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Athens Naval and Veterans Hospital, 115 21, Athens, Greece
| | - Margaritis Avgeris
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry-Molecular Diagnostics, Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Rousakis
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84, Athens, Greece
| | - Aigli-Ioanna Legaki
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Peter Mirtschink
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 013 07, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Konstantina Panoutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios D Delis
- Centre for Basic Research, Bioimaging Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatis N Pagakis
- Centre for Basic Research, Bioimaging Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Wei Tang
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4258, USA.,Data Science & Artificial Intelligence, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4258, USA
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Anastasia Varvarigou
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, General University Hospital, 265 04, Patras, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 013 07, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anders Nordström
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ourania E Tsitsilonis
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84, Athens, Greece
| | - Jonathan D Gilthorpe
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Teresa Frisan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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Pereira IC, Mascarenhas IF, Capetini VC, Ferreira PMP, Rogero MM, Torres-Leal FL. Cellular reprogramming, chemoresistance, and dietary interventions in breast cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 179:103796. [PMID: 36049616 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) diagnosis has been associated with significant risk factors, including family history, late menopause, obesity, poor eating habits, and alcoholism. Despite the advances in the last decades regarding cancer treatment, some obstacles still hinder the effectiveness of therapy. For example, chemotherapy resistance is common in locally advanced or metastatic cancer, reducing treatment options and contributing to mortality. In this review, we provide an overview of BC metabolic changes, including the impact of restrictive diets associated with chemoresistance, the therapeutic potential of the diet on tumor progression, pathways related to metabolic health in oncology, and perspectives on the future in the area of oncological nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irislene Costa Pereira
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Isabele Frazão Mascarenhas
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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7
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Zhou L, Zhang Z, Nice E, Huang C, Zhang W, Tang Y. Circadian rhythms and cancers: the intrinsic links and therapeutic potentials. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:21. [PMID: 35246220 PMCID: PMC8896306 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is an evolutionarily conserved time-keeping system that comprises a wide variety of processes including sleep-wake cycles, eating-fasting cycles, and activity-rest cycles, coordinating the behavior and physiology of all organs for whole-body homeostasis. Acute disruption of circadian rhythm may lead to transient discomfort, whereas long-term irregular circadian rhythm will result in the dysfunction of the organism, therefore increasing the risks of numerous diseases especially cancers. Indeed, both epidemiological and experimental evidence has demonstrated the intrinsic link between dysregulated circadian rhythm and cancer. Accordingly, a rapidly increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms is opening new options for cancer therapy, possibly by modulating the circadian clock. In this review, we first describe the general regulators of circadian rhythms and their functions on cancer. In addition, we provide insights into the mechanisms underlying how several types of disruption of the circadian rhythm (including sleep-wake, eating-fasting, and activity-rest) can drive cancer progression, which may expand our understanding of cancer development from the clock perspective. Moreover, we also summarize the potential applications of modulating circadian rhythms for cancer treatment, which may provide an optional therapeutic strategy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Edouard Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Acupuncture and Chronobiology Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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8
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Yang L, Yan Y. Emerging Roles of Post-Translational Modifications in Skin Diseases: Current Knowledge, Challenges and Future Perspectives. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:965-975. [PMID: 35177923 PMCID: PMC8846607 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s339296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins represent as a key step in regulating their biological functions and dynamic interaction with other players. This process is fine-tuned by a myriad of enzymes named “writers, readers and erasers” whose actions are precisely controlled. Either the mutation, aberration in the expression of the aforementioned enzymes or their substrates have shown to participate in the pathogenesis of various skin diseases such as melanoma, vitiligo, psoriasis, eczema, atopic dermatitis and inherited dermatological diseases. It is becoming increasingly clear that key transcriptional factors, inflammation-related molecules are prone to PTMs. Despite their importance in regulating key processes including inflammation, keratinocyte apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation, PTMs have received less attention due to the challenges involved. Here in this review we summarize the role of the most common types and the newly discovered PTMs, including acetylation, glycosylation, citrullination, PARylation and sumoylation in dermatoses and surveys the recent progress in PTM-based therapeutic approaches in skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Luting Yang; Yaping Yan, Email ;
| | - Yaping Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Krstic J, Reinisch I, Schindlmaier K, Galhuber M, Riahi Z, Berger N, Kupper N, Moyschewitz E, Auer M, Michenthaler H, Nössing C, Depaoli MR, Ramadani-Muja J, Usluer S, Stryeck S, Pichler M, Rinner B, Deutsch AJA, Reinisch A, Madl T, Chiozzi RZ, Heck AJR, Huch M, Malli R, Prokesch A. Fasting improves therapeutic response in hepatocellular carcinoma through p53-dependent metabolic synergism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabh2635. [PMID: 35061544 PMCID: PMC8782451 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells voraciously consume nutrients to support their growth, exposing metabolic vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically exploited. Here, we show in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, xenografts, and patient-derived organoids that fasting improves sorafenib efficacy and acts synergistically to sensitize sorafenib-resistant HCC. Mechanistically, sorafenib acts noncanonically as an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, causing resistant cells to depend on glycolysis for survival. Fasting, through reduction in glucose and impeded AKT/mTOR signaling, prevents this Warburg shift. Regulating glucose transporter and proapoptotic protein expression, p53 is necessary and sufficient for the sorafenib-sensitizing effect of fasting. p53 is also crucial for fasting-mediated improvement of sorafenib efficacy in an orthotopic HCC mouse model. Together, our data suggest fasting and sorafenib as rational combination therapy for HCC with intact p53 signaling. As HCC therapy is currently severely limited by resistance, these results should instigate clinical studies aimed at improving therapy response in advanced-stage HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Krstic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Isabel Reinisch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Schindlmaier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Galhuber
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Zina Riahi
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Natascha Berger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Nadja Kupper
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Moyschewitz
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Auer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Helene Michenthaler
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Nössing
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria R. Depaoli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jeta Ramadani-Muja
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sinem Usluer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah Stryeck
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Know-Center GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Beate Rinner
- Department for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander J. A. Deutsch
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Reinisch
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Division of Hematology, Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Prokesch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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10
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Shim HS, Horner JW, Wu CJ, Li J, Lan ZD, Jiang S, Xu X, Hsu WH, Zal T, Flores II, Deng P, Lin YT, Tsai LH, Wang YA, DePinho RA. Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Preserves Neuron Survival and Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease Models. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:1162-1174. [PMID: 35036927 PMCID: PMC8759755 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-induced neurodegeneration plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Here, we show that telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) haploinsufficiency decreases BDNF and increases amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor in murine brain. Moreover, prior to disease onset, the TERT locus sustains accumulation of repressive epigenetic marks in murine and human AD neurons, implicating TERT repression in amyloid-induced neurodegeneration. To test the impact of sustained TERT expression on AD pathobiology, AD mouse models were engineered to maintain physiological levels of TERT in adult neurons, resulting in reduced Aβ accumulation, improved spine morphology, and preserved cognitive function. Mechanistically, integrated profiling revealed that TERT interacts with β-catenin and RNA polymerase II at gene promoters and upregulates gene networks governing synaptic signaling and learning processes. These TERT-directed transcriptional activities do not require its catalytic activity nor telomerase RNA. These findings provide genetic proof-of-concept for somatic TERT gene activation therapy in attenuating AD progression including cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Seok Shim
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - James W. Horner
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chang-Jiun Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jiexi Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zheng D. Lan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xueping Xu
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Wen-Hao Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Tomasz Zal
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ivonne I. Flores
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Pingna Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yuan-Ta Lin
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Y. Alan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ronald A. DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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11
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Kukkula A, Ojala VK, Mendez LM, Sistonen L, Elenius K, Sundvall M. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the SUMO Pathway in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4402. [PMID: 34503213 PMCID: PMC8431684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification, characterized more than 20 years ago, that regulates protein function at multiple levels. Key oncoproteins and tumor suppressors are SUMO substrates. In addition to alterations in SUMO pathway activity due to conditions typically present in cancer, such as hypoxia, the SUMO machinery components are deregulated at the genomic level in cancer. The delicate balance between SUMOylation and deSUMOylation is regulated by SENP enzymes possessing SUMO-deconjugation activity. Dysregulation of SUMO machinery components can disrupt the balance of SUMOylation, contributing to the tumorigenesis and drug resistance of various cancers in a context-dependent manner. Many molecular mechanisms relevant to the pathogenesis of specific cancers involve SUMO, highlighting the potential relevance of SUMO machinery components as therapeutic targets. Recent advances in the development of inhibitors targeting SUMOylation and deSUMOylation permit evaluation of the therapeutic potential of targeting the SUMO pathway in cancer. Finally, the first drug inhibiting SUMO pathway, TAK-981, is currently also being evaluated in clinical trials in cancer patients. Intriguingly, the inhibition of SUMOylation may also have the potential to activate the anti-tumor immune response. Here, we comprehensively and systematically review the recent developments in understanding the role of SUMOylation in cancer and specifically focus on elaborating the scientific rationale of targeting the SUMO pathway in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Kukkula
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
| | - Veera K. Ojala
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Lourdes M. Mendez
- Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
- Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Sundvall
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
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12
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Fasting and fasting-mimicking diets for chemotherapy augmentation. GeroScience 2021; 43:1201-1216. [PMID: 33410090 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasingly older population in most developed countries will likely experience aging-related chronic diseases such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, heart and lung diseases, osteoporosis, arthritis, dementia, and/or cancer. Genetic and environmental factors, but also lifestyle choices including physical activity and dietary habits, play essential roles in disease onset and progression. Sixty-five percent of Americans diagnosed with cancer now survive more than 5 years, making the need for informed lifestyle choices particularly important to successfully complete their treatment, increase the recovery from the cytotoxic therapy options, and improve cancer-free survival. This review will discuss the findings on the use of prolonged fasting, as well as fasting-mimicking diets to augment cancer treatment. Preclinical studies in rodents strongly support the implementation of these dietary interventions and a small number of clinical trials begin to provide encouraging results for cancer patients and cancer survivors.
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13
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Deligiorgi MV, Liapi C, Trafalis DT. How Far Are We from Prescribing Fasting as Anticancer Medicine? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239175. [PMID: 33271979 PMCID: PMC7730661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: the present review provides a comprehensive and up-to date overview of the potential exploitation of fasting as an anticancer strategy. The rationale for this concept is that fasting elicits a differential stress response in the setting of unfavorable conditions, empowering the survival of normal cells, while killing cancer cells. (2) Methods: the present narrative review presents the basic aspects of the hormonal, molecular, and cellular response to fasting, focusing on the interrelationship of fasting with oxidative stress. It also presents nonclinical and clinical evidence concerning the implementation of fasting as adjuvant to chemotherapy, highlighting current challenges and future perspectives. (3) Results: there is ample nonclinical evidence indicating that fasting can mitigate the toxicity of chemotherapy and/or increase the efficacy of chemotherapy. The relevant clinical research is encouraging, albeit still in its infancy. The path forward for implementing fasting in oncology is a personalized approach, entailing counteraction of current challenges, including: (i) patient selection; (ii) fasting patterns; (iii) timeline of fasting and refeeding; (iv) validation of biomarkers for assessment of fasting; and (v) establishment of protocols for patients’ monitoring. (4) Conclusion: prescribing fasting as anticancer medicine may not be far away if large randomized clinical trials consolidate its safety and efficacy.
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14
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de Groot S, Pijl H, van der Hoeven JJM, Kroep JR. Effects of short-term fasting on cancer treatment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:209. [PMID: 31113478 PMCID: PMC6530042 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Growing preclinical evidence shows that short-term fasting (STF) protects from toxicity while enhancing the efficacy of a variety of chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of various tumour types. STF reinforces stress resistance of healthy cells, while tumor cells become even more sensitive to toxins, perhaps through shortage of nutrients to satisfy their needs in the context of high proliferation rates and/or loss of flexibility to respond to extreme circumstances. In humans, STF may be a feasible approach to enhance the efficacy and tolerability of chemotherapy. Clinical research evaluating the potential of STF is in its infancy. This review focuses on the molecular background, current knowledge and clinical trials evaluating the effects of STF in cancer treatment. Preliminary data show that STF is safe, but challenging in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Ongoing clinical trials need to unravel if STF can also diminish toxicity and increase efficacy of chemotherapeutic regimes in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie de Groot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hanno Pijl
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus J M van der Hoeven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R Kroep
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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15
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Abstract
The vulnerability of cancer cells to nutrient deprivation and their dependency on specific metabolites are emerging hallmarks of cancer. Fasting or fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) lead to wide alterations in growth factors and in metabolite levels, generating environments that can reduce the capability of cancer cells to adapt and survive and thus improving the effects of cancer therapies. In addition, fasting or FMDs increase resistance to chemotherapy in normal but not cancer cells and promote regeneration in normal tissues, which could help prevent detrimental and potentially life-threatening side effects of treatments. While fasting is hardly tolerated by patients, both animal and clinical studies show that cycles of low-calorie FMDs are feasible and overall safe. Several clinical trials evaluating the effect of fasting or FMDs on treatment-emergent adverse events and on efficacy outcomes are ongoing. We propose that the combination of FMDs with chemotherapy, immunotherapy or other treatments represents a potentially promising strategy to increase treatment efficacy, prevent resistance acquisition and reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Caffa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Valter D Longo
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy.
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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16
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Caccialanza R, Cereda E, De Lorenzo F, Farina G, Pedrazzoli P. To fast, or not to fast before chemotherapy, that is the question. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:337. [PMID: 29587670 PMCID: PMC5870384 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting in disease prevention and treatment has recently become a popular topic, particularly in the context of oncology. Unfortunately, the growing attention paid by the media has created a background of speculations and ambiguous messages. The attitude towards the role of fasting in cancer patients should be very cautious, as the risk of malnutrition/sarcopenia and disinformation may be associated with this approach. Whether the results obtained by fasting in the cellular and animal models can be transferred to cancer patients is still to be ascertained. At the moment, more preclinical studies are required to determine in which cancers, at which stage, and in what combinations fasting, fasting-mimicking diets or caloric restriction mimetics may prove effective. So, despite the “rumors” of marketing and media, nowadays fasting and calorie restriction around CT represent only a promising intuition, which requires proper efforts and time to be validated by evidence-based clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Caccialanza
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Cereda
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Farina
- Department of Oncology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Pedrazzoli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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17
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Dynamics of RIF1 SUMOylation is regulated by PIAS4 in the maintenance of Genomic Stability. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17367. [PMID: 29234018 PMCID: PMC5727183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RIF1 plays a key role in inhibiting DNA end resection and promoting NHEJ mediated DNA double stand break repair in G1. However, whether SUMOlyation may regulate RIF1 functions is still largely unknown. Here, we report that RIF1 is SUMOlyated in response to DNA damage. We identified PIAS4 as the primary SUMO E3 ligase required for the SUMOylation of RIF1 protein. Mammalian cells compromised of PIAS4 expression, show impaired RIF1 SUMOylation and defective for the disassembly of DNA damage responsive RIF1 foci. Mechanistically, we show that PIAS4 knockdown abrogates UHRF1-dependent ubiquitination of RIF1, compromising RIF1 protein turnover. We detected intense RPA foci that colocalize with RIF1 foci in PIAS4 knockdown cells. These data highlight an important role of PIAS4-dependent regulation of RIF1, likely mediated by SUMOylation, in the disassembly of RIF1 DNA damage response (DDR) foci. We propose that unresolved RIF1 protein at sites of DNA damage in PIAS4-depleted cells largely accumulates in S phase, and subsequently leads to DNA double strand breaks. Therefore, PIAS4 promotes genomic stability by regulating the timely removal of RIF1 from sites of DNA damage.
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18
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Protective effects of short-term dietary restriction in surgical stress and chemotherapy. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 39:68-77. [PMID: 28216454 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reduced caloric intake including fasting, as well as the dietary composition or the timing of food intake, impact longevity, likely through a modification in the onset or the severity of chronic aging-related diseases such as cancer. As with pre- and post-operative dietary recommendations, evidence-based nutritional advice from healthcare professionals during and after cancer treatment is often vague or conflicting. We hypothesize that preventive dietary recommendations can help in the context of both chronic cancer treatment efficacy and the avoidance of development of secondary malignancies, as well as in the context of protection from the acute stress of surgery. In this perspective review, we will discuss the latest findings on the potential role of short-term dietary restriction in cancer treatment and improvement of surgical outcome.
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19
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Ben Abid S, Sahnoun M, Yacoubi-Hadj Amor I, Abdelmoula-Souissi S, Hassairi H, Mokdad-Gargouri R, Gargouri A. New Phage Display-Isolated Heptapeptide Recognizing the Regulatory Carboxy-Terminal Domain of Human Tumour Protein p53. Protein J 2017; 36:443-452. [PMID: 28710679 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-017-9730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor tumor protein p53 (P53) controls a variety of genes most involved in cell cycle and is at the origin of apoptosis when DNA is irreparably damaged. We planned to select novel tumor protein p53-interacting peptides through the screening of hepta-peptide phage-display libraries. For this aim, human tumor suppressor protein p53 was expressed in Escherichia coli as Glutathione S-transferase fusion and purified by affinity chromatography. The phage library was then screened on this immobilized protein target. After three rounds of panning, phages were sequenced and shown to contain a consensus sequence NPNSAQG. Thereafter, either free p53 liberated from the fusion protein through thrombin treatment or Histidine-tagged p53 were recognized efficiently by the selected phage. To locate the p53-binding epitope of the selected hepta-peptide, three long peptides parts of the three known domains of the protein were synthesized and screened by the selected phage/peptide. Thus, the Carboxy-terminal p53 region was shown to be the target of the isolated phage as well as by its derived Fluorescein isothiocyanate-peptide. Molecular docking showed Lysine 386 as an important residue potentially engaged in this interaction. The selected hepta-peptide is a novel p53-interacting peptide, not described by other studies, and could be used as therapeutic tool in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Ben Abid
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Molecular Biotechnology, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Sahnoun
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ines Yacoubi-Hadj Amor
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Salma Abdelmoula-Souissi
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Molecular Biotechnology, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Hassairi
- Laboratory of Analyses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raja Mokdad-Gargouri
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Molecular Biotechnology, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Gargouri
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Molecular Biotechnology, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour, Sfax, Tunisia.
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20
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Wang Z, Zhu WG, Xu X. Ubiquitin-like modifications in the DNA damage response. Mutat Res 2017; 803-805:56-75. [PMID: 28734548 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genomic DNA is damaged at an extremely high frequency by both endogenous and environmental factors. An improper response to DNA damage can lead to genome instability, accelerate the aging process and ultimately cause various human diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. The mechanisms that underlie the cellular DNA damage response (DDR) are complex and are regulated at many levels, including at the level of post-translational modification (PTM). Since the discovery of ubiquitin in 1975 and ubiquitylation as a form of PTM in the early 1980s, a number of ubiquitin-like modifiers (UBLs) have been identified, including small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs), neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 8 (NEDD8), interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-F adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10), ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFRM1), URM1 ubiquitin-related modifier-1 (URM1), autophagy-related protein 12 (ATG12), autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8), fan ubiquitin-like protein 1 (FUB1) and histone mono-ubiquitylation 1 (HUB1). All of these modifiers have known roles in the cellular response to various forms of stress, and delineating their underlying molecular mechanisms and functions is fundamental in enhancing our understanding of human disease and longevity. To date, however, the molecular mechanisms and functions of these UBLs in the DDR remain largely unknown. This review summarizes the current status of PTMs by UBLs in the DDR and their implication in cancer diagnosis, therapy and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response, Capital Normal University College of Life Sciences, Beijing 100048, China.
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21
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Di Biase S, Shim HS, Kim KH, Vinciguerra M, Rappa F, Wei M, Brandhorst S, Cappello F, Mirzaei H, Lee C, Longo VD. Fasting regulates EGR1 and protects from glucose- and dexamethasone-dependent sensitization to chemotherapy. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2001951. [PMID: 28358805 PMCID: PMC5373519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasting reduces glucose levels and protects mice against chemotoxicity, yet drugs that promote hyperglycemia are widely used in cancer treatment. Here, we show that dexamethasone (Dexa) and rapamycin (Rapa), commonly administered to cancer patients, elevate glucose and sensitize cardiomyocytes and mice to the cancer drug doxorubicin (DXR). Such toxicity can be reversed by reducing circulating glucose levels by fasting or insulin. Furthermore, glucose injections alone reversed the fasting-dependent protection against DXR in mice, indicating that elevated glucose mediates, at least in part, the sensitizing effects of rapamycin and dexamethasone. In yeast, glucose activates protein kinase A (PKA) to accelerate aging by inhibiting transcription factors Msn2/4. Here, we show that fasting or glucose restriction (GR) regulate PKA and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to protect against DXR in part by activating the mammalian Msn2/4 ortholog early growth response protein 1 (EGR1). Increased expression of the EGR1-regulated cardioprotective peptides atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in heart tissue may also contribute to DXR resistance. Our findings suggest the existence of a glucose–PKA pathway that inactivates conserved zinc finger stress-resistance transcription factors to sensitize cells to toxins conserved from yeast to mammals. Our findings also describe a toxic role for drugs widely used in cancer treatment that promote hyperglycemia and identify dietary interventions that reverse these effects. Fasting can selectively protect normal cells against the deleterious side effects of chemotherapy while sensitizing cancer cells to therapy. This is, in part, due to the reallocation of energy from growth to protection in normal cells but not cancer cells in response to reduced nutrient availability. Because glucose sensitizes yeast cells to stress and considering that several widely used drugs that increase glucose levels are administered in combination with chemotherapy, we tested the role of glucose reduction on the sensitivity of normal cells and mice to the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DXR). We show that fasting or glucose restriction (GR) reduce protein kinase A (PKA) activation and increase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. These signal transduction changes cause the activation of the conserved zinc finger stress-resistance transcription factor early growth response protein 1 (EGR1) (Msn2/4 in yeast) to protect cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin toxicity. These results provide evidence for a glucose-sensing pathway that negatively regulates a stress response conserved from yeast to mammalian cells. These studies also suggest that the common use of drugs that cause hyperglycemia, such as dexamethasone (Dexa) and rapamycin, could increase the toxicity of cancer drugs to normal tissues and organs while making glucose available to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Biase
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hong Seok Shim
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kyung Hwa Kim
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom.,Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Centro Studi Fegato (CSF)-Liver Research Center, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Min Wei
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Brandhorst
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Changhan Lee
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.,IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy
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22
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Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the USA and among the leading major diseases in the world. It is anticipated to continue to increase because of the growth of the aging population and prevalence of risk factors such as obesity, smoking, and/or poor dietary habits. Cancer treatment has remained relatively similar during the past 30 years with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in combination with surgery remaining the standard therapies although novel therapies are slowly replacing or complementing the standard ones. According to the American Cancer Society, the dietary recommendation for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy is to increase calorie and protein intake. In addition, there are no clear guidelines on the type of nutrition that could have a major impact on cancer incidence. Yet, various forms of reduced caloric intake such as calorie restriction (CR) or fasting demonstrate a wide range of beneficial effects able to help prevent malignancies and increase the efficacy of cancer therapies. Whereas chronic CR provides both beneficial and detrimental effects as well as major compliance challenges, periodic fasting (PF), fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs), and dietary restriction (DR) without a reduction in calories are emerging as interventions with the potential to be widely used to prevent and treat cancer. Here, we review preclinical and preliminary clinical studies on dietary restriction and fasting and their role in inducing cellular protection and chemotherapy resistance.
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23
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Raffaghello L, Longo V. Metabolic Alterations at the Crossroad of Aging and Oncogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 332:1-42. [PMID: 28526131 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging represents the major risk factor for cancer. Cancer and aging are characterized by a similar dysregulated metabolism consisting in upregulation of glycolysis and downmodulation of oxidative phosphorylation. In this respect, metabolic interventions can be viewed as promising strategies to promote longevity and to prevent or delay age-related disorders including cancer. In this review, we discuss the most promising metabolic approaches including chronic calorie restriction, periodic fasting/fasting-mimicking diets, and pharmacological interventions mimicking calorie restriction. Metabolic interventions can also be viewed as adjuvant anticancer strategies to be combined to standard cancer therapy (chemotherapeutic agents, ionizing radiation, and drugs with specific molecular target), whose major limiting factors are represented by toxicity against healthy cells but also limited efficacy easily circumvented by tumor cells. In fact, conventional cancer therapy is unable to distinguish normal and cancerous cells and thus causes toxic side effects including secondary malignancies, cardiovascular and respiratory complications, endocrinopathies, and other chronic conditions, that resemble and, in some cases, accelerate the age-related disorders and profoundly affect the quality of life. In this scenario, geroscience contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of protection of normal cells against a cytotoxic agent and finding strategies focused on the preserving healthy cells while enhancing the efficacy of the treatment against malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Raffaghello
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - V Longo
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy.
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24
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AMPK and PKA interaction in the regulation of survival of liver cancer cells subjected to glucose starvation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17815-28. [PMID: 26894973 PMCID: PMC4951252 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathways that govern survival response in hepatic cancer cells subjected to nutritional restriction have not been clarified yet. In this study we showed that liver cancer cells undergoing glucose deprivation both arrested in G0/G1 and died mainly by apoptosis. Treatment with the AMPK activator AICAR phenocopied the effect of glucose deprivation on cell survival, whereas AMPK silencing in HepG2/C3A, HuH-7 or SK-Hep-1 cells blocked the cell cycle arrest and the increase in apoptotic death induced by glucose starvation. Both AMPK and PKA were promptly activated after glucose withdrawal. PKA signaling had a dual role during glucose starvation: whereas it elicited an early decreased in cell viability, it later improved this parameter. We detected AMPK phosphorylation (AMPKα(Ser173)) by PKA, which was increased in glucose starved cells and was associated with diminution of AMPK activation. To better explore this inhibitory effect, we constructed a hepatocarcinoma derived cell line which stably expressed an AMPK mutant lacking that PKA phosphorylation site: AMPKα1(S173C). Expression of this mutant significantly decreased viability in cells undergoing glucose starvation. Furthermore, after 36 h of glucose deprivation, the index of AMPKα1(S173C) apoptotic cells doubled the apoptotic index observed in control cells. Two main remarks arise: 1. AMPK is the central signaling kinase in the scenario of cell cycle arrest and death induced by glucose starvation in hepatic cancer cells; 2. PKA phosphorylation of Ser173 comes out as a strong control point that limits the antitumor effects of AMPK in this situation.
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25
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Barnes R, Eckert K. Maintenance of Genome Integrity: How Mammalian Cells Orchestrate Genome Duplication by Coordinating Replicative and Specialized DNA Polymerases. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8010019. [PMID: 28067843 PMCID: PMC5295014 DOI: 10.3390/genes8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise duplication of the human genome is challenging due to both its size and sequence complexity. DNA polymerase errors made during replication, repair or recombination are central to creating mutations that drive cancer and aging. Here, we address the regulation of human DNA polymerases, specifically how human cells orchestrate DNA polymerases in the face of stress to complete replication and maintain genome stability. DNA polymerases of the B-family are uniquely adept at accurate genome replication, but there are numerous situations in which one or more additional DNA polymerases are required to complete genome replication. Polymerases of the Y-family have been extensively studied in the bypass of DNA lesions; however, recent research has revealed that these polymerases play important roles in normal human physiology. Replication stress is widely cited as contributing to genome instability, and is caused by conditions leading to slowed or stalled DNA replication. Common Fragile Sites epitomize “difficult to replicate” genome regions that are particularly vulnerable to replication stress, and are associated with DNA breakage and structural variation. In this review, we summarize the roles of both the replicative and Y-family polymerases in human cells, and focus on how these activities are regulated during normal and perturbed genome replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Barnes
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Kristin Eckert
- Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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26
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Quinet A, Martins DJ, Vessoni AT, Biard D, Sarasin A, Stary A, Menck CFM. Translesion synthesis mechanisms depend on the nature of DNA damage in UV-irradiated human cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:5717-31. [PMID: 27095204 PMCID: PMC4937316 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet-induced 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PP) and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) can be tolerated by translesion DNA polymerases (TLS Pols) at stalled replication forks or by gap-filling. Here, we investigated the involvement of Polη, Rev1 and Rev3L (Polζ catalytic subunit) in the specific bypass of 6-4PP and CPD in repair-deficient XP-C human cells. We combined DNA fiber assay and novel methodologies for detection and quantification of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gaps on ongoing replication forks and postreplication repair (PRR) tracts in the human genome. We demonstrated that Rev3L, but not Rev1, is required for postreplicative gap-filling, while Polη and Rev1 are responsible for TLS at stalled replication forks. Moreover, specific photolyases were employed to show that in XP-C cells, CPD arrest replication forks, while 6-4PP are responsible for the generation of ssDNA gaps and PRR tracts. On the other hand, in the absence of Polη or Rev1, both types of lesion block replication forks progression. Altogether, the data directly show that, in the human genome, Polη and Rev1 bypass CPD and 6-4PP at replication forks, while only 6-4PP are also tolerated by a Polζ-dependent gap-filling mechanism, independent of S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Quinet
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Davi Jardim Martins
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Denis Biard
- CEA, IMETI, SEPIA, Team Cellular Engineering and Human Syndromes, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alain Sarasin
- CNRS-UMR8200, Université Paris Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Anne Stary
- CNRS-UMR8200, Université Paris Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
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27
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Cangemi A, Fanale D, Rinaldi G, Bazan V, Galvano A, Perez A, Barraco N, Massihnia D, Castiglia M, Vieni S, Bronte G, Mirisola M, Russo A. Dietary restriction: could it be considered as speed bump on tumor progression road? Tumour Biol 2016; 37:7109-18. [PMID: 27043958 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restrictions, including fasting (or long-term starvation), calorie restriction (CR), and short-term starvation (STS), are considered a strong rationale that may protect against various diseases, including age-related diseases and cancer. Among dietary approaches, STS, in which food is not consumed during designed fasting periods but is typically not restricted during designated feeding periods, seems to be more suitable, because other dietary regimens involving prolonged fasting periods could worsen the health conditions of cancer patients, being they already naturally prone to weight loss. Until now, the limited amount of available data does not point to a single gene, pathway, or molecular mechanism underlying the benefits to the different dietary approaches. It is well known that the healthy effect is mediated in part by the reduction of nutrient-related pathways. The calorie restriction and starvation (long- and short-term) also suppress the inflammatory response reducing the expression, for example, of IL-10 and TNF-α, mitigating pro-inflammatory gene expression and increasing anti-inflammatory gene expression. The dietary restriction may regulate both genes involved in cellular proliferation and factors associated to apoptosis in normal and cancer cells. Finally, dietary restriction is an important tool that may influence the response to chemotherapy in preclinical models. However, further data are needed to correlate dietary approaches with chemotherapeutic treatments in human models. The aim of this review is to discuss the effects of various dietary approaches on the cancer progression and therapy response, mainly in preclinical models, describing some signaling pathways involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Cangemi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Fanale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetana Rinaldi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Galvano
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Perez
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Barraco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Massihnia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Castiglia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Vieni
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bronte
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Mirisola
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
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28
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Di Biase S, Longo VD. Fasting-induced differential stress sensitization in cancer treatment. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 3:e1117701. [PMID: 27314084 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1117701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Most tumors are generated and evolve under high-nutrient conditions, yet therapy does not include dietary changes generating a hostile environment for cancer cells. Because fasting promotes the most drastic change in the levels of plasma macro- and micro-nutrients, and consequently in glucose and growth factors, it has the potential to maximize cancer cell sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Di Biase
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, USA
| | - V D Longo
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA; IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy
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29
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Zhang X, Chen Q, Chen J, He C, Mao J, Dai Y, Yang X, Hu W, Zhu C, Chen B. Association of polymorphisms in translesion synthesis genes with prognosis of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. J Surg Oncol 2015; 113:17-23. [PMID: 26611653 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases enable cells to bypass or overcome DNA damage during DNA replication and contributes to genomic instability and cancer. Inhibition of the expression of TLS genes enhances the sensitivity of cancer cells to cisplatin. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TLS genes and clinical outcome of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. METHODS A total of 16 SNPs were genotyped and analyzed in 302 advanced NSCLC patients (discovery set), and the results were further validated in additional 428 NSCLC patients (validation set). RESULTS Analyses revealed significant associations of two SNPs, rs3213801 and rs3792136, with overall survival, with the lowest combined P values of 0.003 and 0.016, respectively. These effects also remained in stratification analyses by clinical variables. Furthermore, the number of risk genotypes of the two SNPs showed a cumulative effect on overall survival (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Genetic polymorphisms in the TLS genes might serve as potential predictive biomarkers of prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qun Chen
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jia Chen
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunya He
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianlin Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuechu Dai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengchu Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baofu Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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