1
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Cacho-Navas C, López-Pujante C, Reglero-Real N, Colás-Algora N, Cuervo A, Conesa JJ, Barroso S, de Rivas G, Ciordia S, Paradela A, D'Agostino G, Manzo C, Feito J, Andrés G, Molina-Jiménez F, Majano P, Correas I, Carazo JM, Nourshargh S, Huch M, Millán J. ICAM-1 nanoclusters regulate hepatic epithelial cell polarity by leukocyte adhesion-independent control of apical actomyosin. eLife 2024; 12:RP89261. [PMID: 38597186 PMCID: PMC11006420 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 is apically polarized, interacts with, and guides leukocytes across epithelial barriers. Polarized hepatic epithelia organize their apical membrane domain into bile canaliculi and ducts, which are not accessible to circulating immune cells but that nevertheless confine most of ICAM-1. Here, by analyzing ICAM-1_KO human hepatic cells, liver organoids from ICAM-1_KO mice and rescue-of-function experiments, we show that ICAM-1 regulates epithelial apicobasal polarity in a leukocyte adhesion-independent manner. ICAM-1 signals to an actomyosin network at the base of canalicular microvilli, thereby controlling the dynamics and size of bile canalicular-like structures. We identified the scaffolding protein EBP50/NHERF1/SLC9A3R1, which connects membrane proteins with the underlying actin cytoskeleton, in the proximity interactome of ICAM-1. EBP50 and ICAM-1 form nano-scale domains that overlap in microvilli, from which ICAM-1 regulates EBP50 nano-organization. Indeed, EBP50 expression is required for ICAM-1-mediated control of BC morphogenesis and actomyosin. Our findings indicate that ICAM-1 regulates the dynamics of epithelial apical membrane domains beyond its role as a heterotypic cell-cell adhesion molecule and reveal potential therapeutic strategies for preserving epithelial architecture during inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natalia Reglero-Real
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Ana Cuervo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | | | - Susana Barroso
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAMMadridSpain
| | - Gema de Rivas
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAMMadridSpain
| | | | | | | | - Carlo Manzo
- Facultat de Ciències, Tecnologia i Enginyeries, Universitat de Vic – Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC)VicSpain
| | - Jorge Feito
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Germán Andrés
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAMMadridSpain
| | - Francisca Molina-Jiménez
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la PrincesaMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa)MadridSpain
| | - Pedro Majano
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la PrincesaMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)MadridSpain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Isabel Correas
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAMMadridSpain
| | | | - Sussan Nourshargh
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - Jaime Millán
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAMMadridSpain
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2
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Caipa Garcia AL, Kucab JE, Al-Serori H, Beck RSS, Bellamri M, Turesky RJ, Groopman JD, Francies HE, Garnett MJ, Huch M, Drost J, Zilbauer M, Arlt VM, Phillips DH. Tissue Organoid Cultures Metabolize Dietary Carcinogens Proficiently and Are Effective Models for DNA Adduct Formation. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:234-247. [PMID: 38232180 PMCID: PMC10880098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Human tissue three-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures have the potential to reproduce in vitro the physiological properties and cellular architecture of the organs from which they are derived. The ability of organoid cultures derived from human stomach, liver, kidney, and colon to metabolically activate three dietary carcinogens, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aristolochic acid I (AAI), and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), was investigated. In each case, the response of a target tissue (liver for AFB1; kidney for AAI; colon for PhIP) was compared with that of a nontarget tissue (gastric). After treatment cell viabilities were measured, DNA damage response (DDR) was determined by Western blotting for p-p53, p21, p-CHK2, and γ-H2AX, and DNA adduct formation was quantified by mass spectrometry. Induction of the key xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and NQO1 was assessed by qRT-PCR. We found that organoids from different tissues can activate AAI, AFB1, and PhIP. In some cases, this metabolic potential varied between tissues and between different cultures of the same tissue. Similarly, variations in the levels of expression of XMEs were observed. At comparable levels of cytotoxicity, organoids derived from tissues that are considered targets for these carcinogens had higher levels of adduct formation than a nontarget tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L. Caipa Garcia
- Department
of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer
& Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s
College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Jill E. Kucab
- Department
of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer
& Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s
College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Halh Al-Serori
- Department
of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer
& Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s
College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Rebekah S. S. Beck
- Department
of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer
& Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s
College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Madjda Bellamri
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - John D. Groopman
- Department
of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | | | | | - Meritxell Huch
- Max
Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jarno Drost
- Princess
Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Oncode Institute, 3584
CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Department
of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K.
| | - Volker M. Arlt
- Department
of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer
& Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s
College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - David H. Phillips
- Department
of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer
& Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s
College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
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3
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Ludwig TE, Andrews PW, Barbaric I, Benvenisty N, Bhattacharyya A, Crook JM, Daheron LM, Draper JS, Healy LE, Huch M, Inamdar MS, Jensen KB, Kurtz A, Lancaster MA, Liberali P, Lutolf MP, Mummery CL, Pera MF, Sato Y, Shimasaki N, Smith AG, Song J, Spits C, Stacey G, Wells CA, Zhao T, Mosher JT. ISSCR standards for the use of human stem cells in basic research. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1744-1752. [PMID: 37703820 PMCID: PMC10545481 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The laboratory culture of human stem cells seeks to capture a cellular state as an in vitro surrogate of a biological system. For the results and outputs from this research to be accurate, meaningful, and durable, standards that ensure reproducibility and reliability of the data should be applied. Although such standards have been previously proposed for repositories and distribution centers, no widely accepted best practices exist for laboratory research with human pluripotent and tissue stem cells. To fill that void, the International Society for Stem Cell Research has developed a set of recommendations, including reporting criteria, for scientists in basic research laboratories. These criteria are designed to be technically and financially feasible and, when implemented, enhance the reproducibility and rigor of stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy M Crook
- The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia; Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maneesha S Inamdar
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kim B Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Prisca Liberali
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basal, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Yoji Sato
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Noriko Shimasaki
- Center for iPS Research and Application, Kyoto, Japan; Prefectural University of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jihwan Song
- CHA University, Seoul, Korea; iPS Bio, Inc, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Glyn Stacey
- International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, Barley, Herts, UK
| | | | - Tongbiao Zhao
- Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jack T Mosher
- International Society for Stem Cell Research, Evanston, IL, USA
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4
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Mayer C, Nehring S, Kücken M, Repnik U, Seifert S, Sljukic A, Delpierre J, Morales‐Navarrete H, Hinz S, Brosch M, Chung B, Karlsen T, Huch M, Kalaidzidis Y, Brusch L, Hampe J, Schafmayer C, Zerial M. Apical bulkheads accumulate as adaptive response to impaired bile flow in liver disease. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57181. [PMID: 37522754 PMCID: PMC10481669 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes form bile canaliculi that dynamically respond to the signalling activity of bile acids and bile flow. Little is known about their responses to intraluminal pressure. During embryonic development, hepatocytes assemble apical bulkheads that increase the canalicular resistance to intraluminal pressure. Here, we investigate whether they also protect bile canaliculi against elevated pressure upon impaired bile flow in adult liver. Apical bulkheads accumulate upon bile flow obstruction in mouse models and patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Their loss under these conditions leads to abnormally dilated canaliculi, resembling liver cell rosettes described in other hepatic diseases. 3D reconstruction reveals that these structures are sections of cysts and tubes formed by hepatocytes. Mathematical modelling establishes that they positively correlate with canalicular pressure and occur in early PSC stages. Using primary hepatocytes and 3D organoids, we demonstrate that excessive canalicular pressure causes the loss of apical bulkheads and formation of rosettes. Our results suggest that apical bulkheads are a protective mechanism of hepatocytes against impaired bile flow, highlighting the role of canalicular pressure in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Mayer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - Sophie Nehring
- Department of Medicine I, Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital Carl‐Gustav‐Carus, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden)DresdenGermany
| | - Michael Kücken
- Center for Information Services and High‐Performance ComputingTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Urska Repnik
- Central Microscopy, Department of BiologyChristian‐Albrechts‐Universtät zu Kiel (CAU)KielGermany
| | - Sarah Seifert
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - Aleksandra Sljukic
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - Julien Delpierre
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | | | - Sebastian Hinz
- Department of General SurgeryUniversity Hospital RostockRostockGermany
| | - Mario Brosch
- Department of Medicine I, Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital Carl‐Gustav‐Carus, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden)DresdenGermany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD)Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden)DresdenGermany
| | - Brian Chung
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Clinic of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Norwegian PSC Research CenterOslo University Hospital RikshospitaletOsloNorway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and TransplantationOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Tom Karlsen
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Clinic of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Norwegian PSC Research CenterOslo University Hospital RikshospitaletOsloNorway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and TransplantationOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - Yannis Kalaidzidis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - Lutz Brusch
- Center for Information Services and High‐Performance ComputingTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Medicine I, Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital Carl‐Gustav‐Carus, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden)DresdenGermany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD)Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden)DresdenGermany
| | | | - Marino Zerial
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
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5
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Dowbaj AM, Kohler TN, Cordero-Espinoza L, Hollfelder F, Huch M. Generation of liver mesenchyme and ductal cell organoid co-culture using cell self-aggregation and droplet microfluidics. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102333. [PMID: 37270780 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the peri-portal region of the adult liver, portal fibroblasts exist in close proximity to epithelial ductal/cholangiocyte cells. However, the cellular interactions between them are poorly understood. Here, we provide two co-culture techniques to incorporate liver portal mesenchyme into ductal cell organoids, which recapitulate aspects of their cellular interactions in vitro. We integrate several techniques from mesenchyme isolation and expansion to co-culture by microfluidic cell co-encapsulation or 2D-Matrigel layer. The protocol is easily adaptable to other cells from other organs. For complete information on the generation and use of this protocol, please refer to Cordero-Espinoza et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Dowbaj
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Timo N Kohler
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Lucía Cordero-Espinoza
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Florian Hollfelder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
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6
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Huch M. Stem cell-derived organoid models: defying the Hayflick limit. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:348. [PMID: 36697957 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Systems Biology Dresden and Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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7
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Caipa Garcia AL, Kucab JE, Al-Serori H, Beck RSS, Fischer F, Hufnagel M, Hartwig A, Floeder A, Balbo S, Francies H, Garnett M, Huch M, Drost J, Zilbauer M, Arlt VM, Phillips DH. Metabolic Activation of Benzo[ a]pyrene by Human Tissue Organoid Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010606. [PMID: 36614051 PMCID: PMC9820386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids are 3D cultures that to some extent reproduce the structure, composition and function of the mammalian tissues from which they derive, thereby creating in vitro systems with more in vivo-like characteristics than 2D monocultures. Here, the ability of human organoids derived from normal gastric, pancreas, liver, colon and kidney tissues to metabolise the environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was investigated. While organoids from the different tissues showed varied cytotoxic responses to BaP, with gastric and colon organoids being the most susceptible, the xenobiotic-metabolising enzyme (XME) genes, CYP1A1 and NQO1, were highly upregulated in all organoid types, with kidney organoids having the highest levels. Furthermore, the presence of two key metabolites, BaP-t-7,8-dihydrodiol and BaP-tetrol-l-1, was detected in all organoid types, confirming their ability to metabolise BaP. BaP bioactivation was confirmed both by the activation of the DNA damage response pathway (induction of p-p53, pCHK2, p21 and γ-H2AX) and by DNA adduct formation. Overall, pancreatic and undifferentiated liver organoids formed the highest levels of DNA adducts. Colon organoids had the lowest responses in DNA adduct and metabolite formation, as well as XME expression. Additionally, high-throughput RT-qPCR explored differences in gene expression between organoid types after BaP treatment. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of organoids for studying environmental carcinogenesis and genetic toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L. Caipa Garcia
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Jill E. Kucab
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Halh Al-Serori
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Rebekah S. S. Beck
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Franziska Fischer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Matthias Hufnagel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartwig
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrew Floeder
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | | | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jarno Drost
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Oncode Institute, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Volker M. Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - David H. Phillips
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Correspondence:
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8
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Cable J, Lutolf MP, Fu J, Park SE, Apostolou A, Chen S, Song CJ, Spence JR, Liberali P, Lancaster M, Meier AB, Pek NMQ, Wells JM, Capeling MM, Uzquiano A, Musah S, Huch M, Gouti M, Hombrink P, Quadrato G, Urenda JP. Organoids as tools for fundamental discovery and translation-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1518:196-208. [PMID: 36177906 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Complex three-dimensional in vitro organ-like models, or organoids, offer a unique biological tool with distinct advantages over two-dimensional cell culture systems, which can be too simplistic, and animal models, which can be too complex and may fail to recapitulate human physiology and pathology. Significant progress has been made in driving stem cells to differentiate into different organoid types, though several challenges remain. For example, many organoid models suffer from high heterogeneity, and it can be difficult to fully incorporate the complexity of in vivo tissue and organ development to faithfully reproduce human biology. Successfully addressing such limitations would increase the viability of organoids as models for drug development and preclinical testing. On April 3-6, 2022, experts in organoid development and biology convened at the Keystone Symposium "Organoids as Tools for Fundamental Discovery and Translation" to discuss recent advances and insights from this relatively new model system into human development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences (SV) and School of Engineering (STI), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Science (SB), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering (ITB), Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sunghee Estelle Park
- Department of Bioengineering and NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Athanasia Apostolou
- Emulate Inc, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Cheng Jack Song
- Keck Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Prisca Liberali
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI) and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna B Meier
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Min Qian Pek
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - James M Wells
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology and Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Meghan M Capeling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ana Uzquiano
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samira Musah
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mina Gouti
- Stem Cell Modelling of Development & Disease Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pleun Hombrink
- University Medical Center Utrecht and HUB Organoids, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Quadrato
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Urenda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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9
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Zhao Z, Chen X, Dowbaj AM, Sljukic A, Bratlie K, Lin L, Fong ELS, Balachander GM, Chen Z, Soragni A, Huch M, Zeng YA, Wang Q, Yu H. Organoids. Nat Rev Methods Primers 2022; 2:94. [PMID: 37325195 PMCID: PMC10270325 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-022-00174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organoids have attracted increasing attention because they are simple tissue-engineered cell-based in vitro models that recapitulate many aspects of the complex structure and function of the corresponding in vivo tissue. They can be dissected and interrogated for fundamental mechanistic studies on development, regeneration, and repair in human tissues. Organoids can also be used in diagnostics, disease modeling, drug discovery, and personalized medicine. Organoids are derived from either pluripotent or tissue-resident stem (embryonic or adult) or progenitor or differentiated cells from healthy or diseased tissues, such as tumors. To date, numerous organoid engineering strategies that support organoid culture and growth, proliferation, differentiation and maturation have been reported. This Primer serves to highlight the rationale underlying the selection and development of these materials and methods to control the cellular/tissue niche; and therefore, structure and function of the engineered organoid. We also discuss key considerations for generating robust organoids, such as those related to cell isolation and seeding, matrix and soluble factor selection, physical cues and integration. The general standards for data quality, reproducibility and deposition within the organoid community is also outlined. Lastly, we conclude by elaborating on the limitations of organoids in different applications, and key priorities in organoid engineering for the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhao
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Anna M. Dowbaj
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Sljukic
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kaitlin Bratlie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Luda Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eliza Li Shan Fong
- Translational Tumor Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gowri Manohari Balachander
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Alice Soragni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yi Arial Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Hanry Yu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, A*STAR, Singapore
- CAMP, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
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10
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
In June 2022, the second meeting on ‘Engineering Multicellular Systems’, organized by the European Molecular Biology Laboratory and the Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia, took place in Barcelona. Stem cell and systems biologists, physicists and engineers from all over the world gathered to discuss how recent breakthroughs in organoid technologies, engineering and mechanobiology are boosting our understanding of early morphogenesis, organogenesis and organ function with applications in tissue engineering, disease modeling and drug screening. The meeting was organized with sustainability in mind, and included an ethics session and an outreach public activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Huch
- The Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics 1 , 01307, Dresden , Germany
| | - Mina Gouti
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association 2 , 13125, Berlin , Germany
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11
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Lancaster M, Morris SA, Takebe T, Qian L, Gao S, Huch M. Anniversary reflections: Inspiring discoveries and the future of the field. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:879-881. [PMID: 35659874 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell Stem Cell was launched in 2007, and this year marks its 15th anniversary. To recognize this occasion, we asked six advisory board members to reflect on inspiring discoveries reported in Cell Stem Cell and how these breakthroughs connect to their vision for the future of the field.
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12
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van Tienderen GS, Li L, Broutier L, Saito Y, Inacio P, Huch M, Selaru FM, van der Laan LJW, Verstegen MMA. Hepatobiliary tumor organoids for personalized medicine: a multicenter view on establishment, limitations, and future directions. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:226-230. [PMID: 35148815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reliable establishment of tumor organoids is paramount to advance applications of organoid technology for personalized medicine. Here, we share our multi-center experience on initiation and tumorigenic confirmation of hepatobiliary cancer organoids. We discuss current concerns, propose potential solutions, and provide future perspectives for improvements in hepatobiliary cancer organoid establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles S van Tienderen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ling Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura Broutier
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yoshimasa Saito
- Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Patricia Inacio
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Meritxell Huch
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florin M Selaru
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Krstic J, Reinisch I, Schindlmaier K, Galhuber M, Riahi Z, Berger N, Kupper N, Moyschewitz E, Auer M, Michenthaler H, Nössing C, Depaoli MR, Ramadani-Muja J, Usluer S, Stryeck S, Pichler M, Rinner B, Deutsch AJA, Reinisch A, Madl T, Chiozzi RZ, Heck AJR, Huch M, Malli R, Prokesch A. Fasting improves therapeutic response in hepatocellular carcinoma through p53-dependent metabolic synergism. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabh2635. [PMID: 35061544 PMCID: PMC8782451 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells voraciously consume nutrients to support their growth, exposing metabolic vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically exploited. Here, we show in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, xenografts, and patient-derived organoids that fasting improves sorafenib efficacy and acts synergistically to sensitize sorafenib-resistant HCC. Mechanistically, sorafenib acts noncanonically as an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, causing resistant cells to depend on glycolysis for survival. Fasting, through reduction in glucose and impeded AKT/mTOR signaling, prevents this Warburg shift. Regulating glucose transporter and proapoptotic protein expression, p53 is necessary and sufficient for the sorafenib-sensitizing effect of fasting. p53 is also crucial for fasting-mediated improvement of sorafenib efficacy in an orthotopic HCC mouse model. Together, our data suggest fasting and sorafenib as rational combination therapy for HCC with intact p53 signaling. As HCC therapy is currently severely limited by resistance, these results should instigate clinical studies aimed at improving therapy response in advanced-stage HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Krstic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Isabel Reinisch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Schindlmaier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Galhuber
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Zina Riahi
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Natascha Berger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Nadja Kupper
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Moyschewitz
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Auer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Helene Michenthaler
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Nössing
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria R. Depaoli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jeta Ramadani-Muja
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sinem Usluer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah Stryeck
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Know-Center GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Beate Rinner
- Department for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander J. A. Deutsch
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Reinisch
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Division of Hematology, Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Prokesch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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14
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Campana L, Esser H, Huch M, Forbes S. Liver regeneration and inflammation: from fundamental science to clinical applications. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:608-624. [PMID: 34079104 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a complex process involving the crosstalk of multiple cell types, including hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, endothelial cells and inflammatory cells. The healthy liver is mitotically quiescent, but following toxic damage or resection the cells can rapidly enter the cell cycle to restore liver mass and function. During this process of regeneration, epithelial and non-parenchymal cells respond in a tightly coordinated fashion. Recent studies have described the interaction between inflammatory cells and a number of other cell types in the liver. In particular, macrophages can support biliary regeneration, contribute to fibrosis remodelling by repressing hepatic stellate cell activation and improve liver regeneration by scavenging dead or dying cells in situ. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms of tissue repair following damage, highlighting the close relationship between inflammation and liver regeneration, and discuss how recent findings can help design novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Campana
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hannah Esser
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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15
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De Crignis E, Hossain T, Romal S, Carofiglio F, Moulos P, Khalid MM, Rao S, Bazrafshan A, Verstegen MM, Pourfarzad F, Koutsothanassis C, Gehart H, Kan TW, Palstra RJ, Boucher C, IJzermans JN, Huch M, Boj SF, Vries R, Clevers H, van der Laan LJ, Hatzis P, Mahmoudi T. Application of human liver organoids as a patient-derived primary model for HBV infection and related hepatocellular carcinoma. eLife 2021; 10:e60747. [PMID: 34328417 PMCID: PMC8384419 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular events that drive hepatitis B virus (HBV)-mediated transformation and tumorigenesis have remained largely unclear, due to the absence of a relevant primary model system. Here we propose the use of human liver organoids as a platform for modeling HBV infection and related tumorigenesis. We first describe a primary ex vivo HBV-infection model derived from healthy donor liver organoids after challenge with recombinant virus or HBV-infected patient serum. HBV-infected organoids produced covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and HBV early antigen (HBeAg), expressed intracellular HBV RNA and proteins, and produced infectious HBV. This ex vivo HBV-infected primary differentiated hepatocyte organoid platform was amenable to drug screening for both anti-HBV activity and drug-induced toxicity. We also studied HBV replication in transgenically modified organoids; liver organoids exogenously overexpressing the HBV receptor sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) after lentiviral transduction were not more susceptible to HBV, suggesting the necessity for additional host factors for efficient infection. We also generated transgenic organoids harboring integrated HBV, representing a long-term culture system also suitable for viral production and the study of HBV transcription. Finally, we generated HBV-infected patient-derived liver organoids from non-tumor cirrhotic tissue of explants from liver transplant patients. Interestingly, transcriptomic analysis of patient-derived liver organoids indicated the presence of an aberrant early cancer gene signature, which clustered with the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cohort on The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma dataset and away from healthy liver tissue, and may provide invaluable novel biomarkers for the development of HCC and surveillance in HBV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa De Crignis
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanvir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shahla Romal
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fabrizia Carofiglio
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Panagiotis Moulos
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Mir Mubashir Khalid
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shringar Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ameneh Bazrafshan
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monique Ma Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Helmuth Gehart
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tsung Wai Kan
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert-Jan Palstra
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Charles Boucher
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Nm IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Plank Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sylvia F Boj
- Foundation Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robert Vries
- Foundation Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Luc Jw van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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16
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Cordero-Espinoza L, Dowbaj AM, Kohler TN, Strauss B, Sarlidou O, Belenguer G, Pacini C, Martins NP, Dobie R, Wilson-Kanamori JR, Butler R, Prior N, Serup P, Jug F, Henderson NC, Hollfelder F, Huch M. Dynamic cell contacts between periportal mesenchyme and ductal epithelium act as a rheostat for liver cell proliferation. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1907-1921.e8. [PMID: 34343491 PMCID: PMC8577825 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the liver, ductal cells rarely proliferate during homeostasis but do so transiently after tissue injury. These cells can be expanded as organoids that recapitulate several of the cell-autonomous mechanisms of regeneration but lack the stromal interactions of the native tissue. Here, using organoid co-cultures that recapitulate the ductal-to-mesenchymal cell architecture of the portal tract, we demonstrate that a subpopulation of mouse periportal mesenchymal cells exerts dual control on proliferation of the epithelium. Ductal cell proliferation is either induced and sustained or, conversely, completely abolished, depending on the number of direct mesenchymal cell contacts, through a mechanism mediated, at least in part, by Notch signaling. Our findings expand the concept of the cellular niche in epithelial tissues, whereby not only soluble factors but also cell-cell contacts are the key regulatory cues involved in the control of cellular behaviors, suggesting a critical role for cell-cell contacts during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Cordero-Espinoza
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Anna M Dowbaj
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Timo N Kohler
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Bernhard Strauss
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Olga Sarlidou
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - German Belenguer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Clare Pacini
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nuno P Martins
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Ross Dobie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - John R Wilson-Kanamori
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Richard Butler
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Nicole Prior
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Palle Serup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Florian Jug
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Florian Hollfelder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany.
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17
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Colyn L, Bárcena-Varela M, Álvarez-Sola G, Latasa MU, Uriarte I, Santamaría E, Herranz JM, Santos-Laso A, Arechederra M, Ruiz de Gauna M, Aspichueta P, Canale M, Casadei-Gardini A, Francesconi M, Carotti S, Morini S, Nelson LJ, Iraburu MJ, Chen C, Sangro B, Marin JJG, Martinez-Chantar ML, Banales JM, Arnes-Benito R, Huch M, Patino JM, Dar AA, Nosrati M, Oyarzábal J, Prósper F, Urman J, Cubero FJ, Trautwein C, Berasain C, Fernandez-Barrena MG, Avila MA. Dual Targeting of G9a and DNA Methyltransferase-1 for the Treatment of Experimental Cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology 2021; 73:2380-2396. [PMID: 33222246 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease often detected at advanced stages when surgery cannot be performed. Conventional and targeted systemic therapies perform poorly, and therefore effective drugs are urgently needed. Different epigenetic modifications occur in CCA and contribute to malignancy. Targeting epigenetic mechanisms may thus open therapeutic opportunities. However, modifications such as DNA and histone methylation often coexist and cooperate in carcinogenesis. We tested the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action of a class of dual G9a histone-methyltransferase and DNA-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitors. APPROACH AND RESULTS Expression of G9a, DNMT1, and their molecular adaptor, ubiquitin-like with PHD and RING finger domains-1 (UHRF1), was determined in human CCA. We evaluated the effect of individual and combined pharmacological inhibition of G9a and DNMT1 on CCA cell growth. Our lead G9a/DNMT1 inhibitor, CM272, was tested in human CCA cells, patient-derived tumoroids and xenograft, and a mouse model of cholangiocarcinogenesis with hepatocellular deletion of c-Jun-N-terminal-kinase (Jnk)-1/2 and diethyl-nitrosamine (DEN) plus CCl4 treatment (JnkΔhepa + DEN + CCl4 mice). We found an increased and correlative expression of G9a, DNMT1, and UHRF1 in CCAs. Cotreatment with independent pharmacological inhibitors G9a and DNMT1 synergistically inhibited CCA cell growth. CM272 markedly reduced CCA cell proliferation and synergized with Cisplatin and the ERBB-targeted inhibitor, Lapatinib. CM272 inhibited CCA tumoroids and xenograft growth and significantly antagonized CCA progression in JnkΔhepa + DEN + CCl4 mice without apparent toxicity. Mechanistically, CM272 reprogrammed the tumoral metabolic transcriptome and phenotype toward a differentiated and quiescent status. CONCLUSIONS Dual targeting of G9a and DNMT1 with epigenetic small molecule inhibitors such as CM272 is a potential strategy to treat CCA and/or enhance the efficacy of other systemic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Colyn
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Gloria Álvarez-Sola
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ujue Latasa
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iker Uriarte
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Santamaría
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Herranz
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Santos-Laso
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, Ikerbasque, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Mikel Ruiz de Gauna
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Patricia Aspichueta
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Matteo Canale
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Andrea Casadei-Gardini
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Unit of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Francesconi
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carotti
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.,Predictive Molecular Diagnostic Division, Pathology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Morini
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonard J Nelson
- School of Engineering, Institute of Engineering, The University of Edimburgh, Edimburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria J Iraburu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Chaobo Chen
- Department of Immunology, Ophtalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Sangro
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hepatology Unit, Navarra University Clinic, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria L Martinez-Chantar
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CICbioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, Ikerbasque, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Robert Arnes-Benito
- Max Plank Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Plank Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - John M Patino
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Altaf A Dar
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mehdi Nosrati
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Julen Oyarzábal
- Molecular Therapies Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.,Oncohematology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesus Urman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Digestive Diseases, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophtalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carmen Berasain
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite G Fernandez-Barrena
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Matias A Avila
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
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18
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Marsee A, Roos FJM, Verstegen MMA, Gehart H, de Koning E, Lemaigre F, Forbes SJ, Peng WC, Huch M, Takebe T, Vallier L, Clevers H, van der Laan LJW, Spee B. Building consensus on definition and nomenclature of hepatic, pancreatic, and biliary organoids. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:816-832. [PMID: 33961769 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic, pancreatic, and biliary (HPB) organoids are powerful tools for studying development, disease, and regeneration. As organoid research expands, the need for clear definitions and nomenclature describing these systems also grows. To facilitate scientific communication and consistent interpretation, we revisit the concept of an organoid and introduce an intuitive classification system and nomenclature for describing these 3D structures through the consensus of experts in the field. To promote the standardization and validation of HPB organoids, we propose guidelines for establishing, characterizing, and benchmarking future systems. Finally, we address some of the major challenges to the clinical application of organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary Marsee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Floris J M Roos
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helmuth Gehart
- Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eelco de Koning
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Lemaigre
- Université Catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Weng Chuan Peng
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Division of Developmental Biology, and Center for Stem Cell, and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK; Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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19
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Annabi N, Baker M, Boettiger A, Chakraborty D, Chen Y, Corbett KS, Correia B, Dahlman J, de Oliveira T, Ertuerk A, Yanik MF, Henaff E, Huch M, Iliev ID, Jacobs T, Junca H, Keung A, Kolodkin-Gal I, Krishnaswamy S, Lancaster M, Macosko E, Martínez-Núñez MA, Miura K, Molloy J, Cruz AO, Platt RJ, Posey AD, Shao H, Simunovic M, Slavov N, Takebe T, Vandenberghe LH, Varshney RK, Wang J. Voices of biotech research. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:281-286. [PMID: 33692517 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-00847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Annabi
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UCLA Samueli School of Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Baker
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alistair Boettiger
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Yvonne Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kizzmekia S Corbett
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bruno Correia
- The Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - James Dahlman
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tulio de Oliveira
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ali Ertuerk
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Munich Center for Neuroscience, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mehmet Fatih Yanik
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth Henaff
- Integrated Design and Media, Center for Urban Science and Progress, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Iliyan D Iliev
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Jacobs
- VIB University of Ghent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Howard Junca
- Microbiomas Foundation, Chia, Colombia
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Albert Keung
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ilana Kolodkin-Gal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Madeline Lancaster
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evan Macosko
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Kyoko Miura
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jenny Molloy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Randall J Platt
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Avery D Posey
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Huilin Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mijo Simunovic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolai Slavov
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Single Cell Proteomics Center, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Luk H Vandenberghe
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, and Centre for Crop Research Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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20
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Hof L, Moreth T, Koch M, Liebisch T, Kurtz M, Tarnick J, Lissek SM, Verstegen MMA, van der Laan LJW, Huch M, Matthäus F, Stelzer EHK, Pampaloni F. Long-term live imaging and multiscale analysis identify heterogeneity and core principles of epithelial organoid morphogenesis. BMC Biol 2021; 19:37. [PMID: 33627108 PMCID: PMC7903752 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00958-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organoids are morphologically heterogeneous three-dimensional cell culture systems and serve as an ideal model for understanding the principles of collective cell behaviour in mammalian organs during development, homeostasis, regeneration, and pathogenesis. To investigate the underlying cell organisation principles of organoids, we imaged hundreds of pancreas and cholangiocarcinoma organoids in parallel using light sheet and bright-field microscopy for up to 7 days. RESULTS We quantified organoid behaviour at single-cell (microscale), individual-organoid (mesoscale), and entire-culture (macroscale) levels. At single-cell resolution, we monitored formation, monolayer polarisation, and degeneration and identified diverse behaviours, including lumen expansion and decline (size oscillation), migration, rotation, and multi-organoid fusion. Detailed individual organoid quantifications lead to a mechanical 3D agent-based model. A derived scaling law and simulations support the hypotheses that size oscillations depend on organoid properties and cell division dynamics, which is confirmed by bright-field microscopy analysis of entire cultures. CONCLUSION Our multiscale analysis provides a systematic picture of the diversity of cell organisation in organoids by identifying and quantifying the core regulatory principles of organoid morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Hof
- Physical Biology Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Till Moreth
- Physical Biology Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Koch
- Physical Biology Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tim Liebisch
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies and Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marina Kurtz
- Department of Physics, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia Tarnick
- Deanery of Biomedical Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susanna M Lissek
- Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Huch
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Present address: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Matthäus
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies and Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ernst H K Stelzer
- Physical Biology Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Francesco Pampaloni
- Physical Biology Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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21
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Georgakopoulos N, Prior N, Angres B, Mastrogiovanni G, Cagan A, Harrison D, Hindley CJ, Arnes-Benito R, Liau SS, Curd A, Ivory N, Simons BD, Martincorena I, Wurst H, Saeb-Parsy K, Huch M. Long-term expansion, genomic stability and in vivo safety of adult human pancreas organoids. BMC Dev Biol 2020; 20:4. [PMID: 32098630 PMCID: PMC7043048 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-020-0209-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic organoid systems have recently been described for the in vitro culture of pancreatic ductal cells from mouse and human. Mouse pancreatic organoids exhibit unlimited expansion potential, while previously reported human pancreas organoid (hPO) cultures do not expand efficiently long-term in a chemically defined, serum-free medium. We sought to generate a 3D culture system for long-term expansion of human pancreas ductal cells as hPOs to serve as the basis for studies of human pancreas ductal epithelium, exocrine pancreatic diseases and the development of a genomically stable replacement cell therapy for diabetes mellitus. RESULTS Our chemically defined, serum-free, human pancreas organoid culture medium supports the generation and expansion of hPOs with high efficiency from both fresh and cryopreserved primary tissue. hPOs can be expanded from a single cell, enabling their genetic manipulation and generation of clonal cultures. hPOs expanded for months in vitro maintain their ductal morphology, biomarker expression and chromosomal integrity. Xenografts of hPOs survive long-term in vivo when transplanted into the pancreas of immunodeficient mice. Notably, mouse orthotopic transplants show no signs of tumorigenicity. Crucially, our medium also supports the establishment and expansion of hPOs in a chemically defined, modifiable and scalable, biomimetic hydrogel. CONCLUSIONS hPOs can be expanded long-term, from both fresh and cryopreserved human pancreas tissue in a chemically defined, serum-free medium with no detectable tumorigenicity. hPOs can be clonally expanded, genetically manipulated and are amenable to culture in a chemically defined hydrogel. hPOs therefore represent an abundant source of pancreas ductal cells that retain the characteristics of the tissue-of-origin, which opens up avenues for modelling diseases of the ductal epithelium and increasing understanding of human pancreas exocrine biology as well as for potentially producing insulin-secreting cells for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikitas Georgakopoulos
- The Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
- Cambridge Biorepository for Translational Medicine & Department of Surgery, University o.f Cambridge, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicole Prior
- The Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Gianmarco Mastrogiovanni
- The Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Alex Cagan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Daisy Harrison
- The Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Christopher J Hindley
- The Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Physics, The Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Thompson Avenue, Cambridge, JJ, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Robert Arnes-Benito
- The Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Siong-Seng Liau
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital and MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Abbie Curd
- Cambridge Biorepository for Translational Medicine & Department of Surgery, University o.f Cambridge, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Natasha Ivory
- Cambridge Biorepository for Translational Medicine & Department of Surgery, University o.f Cambridge, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- The Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Physics, The Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Thompson Avenue, Cambridge, JJ, CB3 0HE, UK
| | | | | | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Cambridge Biorepository for Translational Medicine & Department of Surgery, University o.f Cambridge, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Meritxell Huch
- The Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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22
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Gómez-Mariano G, Matamala N, Martínez S, Justo I, Marcacuzco A, Jimenez C, Monzón S, Cuesta I, Garfia C, Martínez MT, Huch M, Pérez de Castro I, Posada M, Janciauskiene S, Martínez-Delgado B. Liver organoids reproduce alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-related liver disease. Hepatol Int 2019; 14:127-137. [PMID: 31832977 PMCID: PMC6994530 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-019-10007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a product of SERPINA1 gene mainly expressed by hepatocytes. Clinically relevant mutations in the SERPINA1 gene, such as Z (Glu342Lys), results in an expression of misfolded AAT protein having high propensity to polymerize, accumulate in hepatocytes and thus to enhance a risk for hepatocyte damage and subsequent liver disease. So far, the relationship between the Z-AAT accumulation and liver cell damage remains not completely understood. We present three-dimensional organoid culture systems, as a novel tool for modeling Z-AAT-related liver diseases. METHODS We have established liver organoids from liver biopsies of patients with homozygous (ZZ) and heterozygous (MZ) deficiency and normal (MM) genotypes of AAT. The features of these organoid models were characterized by analyzing AAT protein secretion and intracellular aggregation in MZ and ZZ genotypes as well as SERPINA1 expression in differentiated cultures. RESULTS Transcriptional analysis of differentiated organoid cultures by RNA-Seq showed hepatocyte-specific gene expression profile. Genes, such as ALB, APOB, CYP3A4 and SERPINA1, were validated and confirmed through quantitative-PCR analysis. The organoids from MZ and ZZ cases showed intracellular aggregation and lower secretion of AAT protein, and lower expression of ALB and APOB, as typically seen in hepatocytes from Z-AAT deficiency patients. Furthermore, organoids responded to external stimulus. Treatment with oncostatin M, a well-known inducer of SERPINA1, increased expression of the full-length transcripts (AAT-1C) as well as the short transcript of AAT (AAT-ST1C4). CONCLUSIONS Liver organoid model recapitulates the key features of Z-AAT deficiency and provides a useful tool for disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Gómez-Mariano
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km2,200, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Matamala
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km2,200, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Selene Martínez
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km2,200, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iago Justo
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Marcacuzco
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Jimenez
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Monzón
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuesta
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Garfia
- Digestive Department, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Meritxell Huch
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ignacio Pérez de Castro
- Gene Therapy Unit, Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Posada
- Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Delgado
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km2,200, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Abstract
Organoid cultures have emerged as an alternative in vitro system to recapitulate tissues in a dish. While mouse models and cell lines have furthered our understanding of liver biology and associated diseases, they suffer in replicating key aspects of human liver tissue, in particular its complex architecture and metabolic functions. Liver organoids have now been established for multiple species from induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, hepatoblasts and adult tissue-derived cells. These represent a promising addition to our toolbox to gain a deeper understanding of this complex organ. In this perspective we will review the advances in the liver organoid field, its limitations and potential for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Prior
- Wellcome Trust-Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patricia Inacio
- Wellcome Trust-Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Wellcome Trust-Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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24
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Aloia L, McKie MA, Vernaz G, Cordero-Espinoza L, Aleksieva N, van den Ameele J, Antonica F, Font-Cunill B, Raven A, Aiese Cigliano R, Belenguer G, Mort RL, Brand AH, Zernicka-Goetz M, Forbes SJ, Miska EA, Huch M. Epigenetic remodelling licences adult cholangiocytes for organoid formation and liver regeneration. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1321-1333. [PMID: 31685987 PMCID: PMC6940196 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Following severe or chronic liver injury, adult ductal cells (cholangiocytes) contribute to regeneration by restoring both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. We recently showed that ductal cells clonally expand as self-renewing liver organoids that retain their differentiation capacity into both hepatocytes and ductal cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which adult ductal-committed cells acquire cellular plasticity, initiate organoids and regenerate the damaged tissue remain largely unknown. Here, we describe that ductal cells undergo a transient, genome-wide, remodelling of their transcriptome and epigenome during organoid initiation and in vivo following tissue damage. TET1-mediated hydroxymethylation licences differentiated ductal cells to initiate organoids and activate the regenerative programme through the transcriptional regulation of stem-cell genes and regenerative pathways including the YAP-Hippo signalling. Our results argue in favour of the remodelling of genomic methylome/hydroxymethylome landscapes as a general mechanism by which differentiated cells exit a committed state in response to tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Aloia
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mikel Alexander McKie
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grégoire Vernaz
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Lucía Cordero-Espinoza
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Niya Aleksieva
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jelle van den Ameele
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Antonica
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Berta Font-Cunill
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Raven
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - German Belenguer
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard L Mort
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
| | - Andrea H Brand
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eric A Miska
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Meritxell Huch
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
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25
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Abstract
The past decade has seen an explosion in the field of in vitro disease modelling, in particular the development of organoids. These self-organizing tissues derived from stem cells provide a unique system to examine mechanisms ranging from organ development to homeostasis and disease. Because organoids develop according to intrinsic developmental programmes, the resultant tissue morphology recapitulates organ architecture with remarkable fidelity. Furthermore, the fact that these tissues can be derived from human progenitors allows for the study of uniquely human processes and disorders. This article and accompanying poster highlight the currently available methods, particularly those aimed at modelling human biology, and provide an overview of their capabilities and limitations. We also speculate on possible future technological advances that have the potential for great strides in both disease modelling and future regenerative strategies. Summary: Human organoids are important tools for modelling disease. This At a Glance article summarises the current organoid models of several human diseases, and discusses future prospects for these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline A Lancaster
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Meritxell Huch
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK .,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EL, UK.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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26
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Prior N, Hindley CJ, Rost F, Meléndez E, Lau WWY, Göttgens B, Rulands S, Simons BD, Huch M. Lgr5 + stem and progenitor cells reside at the apex of a heterogeneous embryonic hepatoblast pool. Development 2019; 146:dev.174557. [PMID: 31142540 PMCID: PMC6602348 DOI: 10.1242/dev.174557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During mouse embryogenesis, progenitors within the liver known as hepatoblasts give rise to adult hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Hepatoblasts, which are specified at E8.5-E9.0, have been regarded as a homogeneous progenitor population that initiate differentiation from E13.5. Recently, scRNA-seq analysis has identified sub-populations of transcriptionally distinct hepatoblasts at E11.5. Here, we show that hepatoblasts are not only transcriptionally but also functionally heterogeneous, and that a subpopulation of E9.5-E10.0 hepatoblasts exhibit a previously unidentified early commitment to cholangiocyte fate. Importantly, we also identify a subpopulation constituting 2% of E9.5-E10.0 hepatoblasts that express the adult stem cell marker Lgr5, and generate both hepatocyte and cholangiocyte progeny that persist for the lifespan of the mouse. Combining lineage tracing and scRNA-seq, we show that Lgr5 marks E9.5-E10.0 bipotent liver progenitors residing at the apex of a hepatoblast hierarchy. Furthermore, isolated Lgr5+ hepatoblasts can be clonally expanded in vitro into embryonic liver organoids, which can commit to either hepatocyte or cholangiocyte fates. Our study demonstrates functional heterogeneity within E9.5 hepatoblasts and identifies Lgr5 as a marker for a subpopulation of bipotent liver progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Prior
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Christopher J Hindley
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.,The Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Fabian Rost
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Meléndez
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Winnie W Y Lau
- Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Steffen Rulands
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.,The Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.,Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany.,Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauer Strasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.,The Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Meritxell Huch
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK .,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
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27
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28
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Loomans CJM, Williams Giuliani N, Balak J, Ringnalda F, van Gurp L, Huch M, Boj SF, Sato T, Kester L, de Sousa Lopes SMC, Roost MS, Bonner-Weir S, Engelse MA, Rabelink TJ, Heimberg H, Vries RGJ, van Oudenaarden A, Carlotti F, Clevers H, de Koning EJP. Expansion of Adult Human Pancreatic Tissue Yields Organoids Harboring Progenitor Cells with Endocrine Differentiation Potential. Stem Cell Reports 2019. [PMID: 29539434 PMCID: PMC5918840 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating an unlimited source of human insulin-producing cells is a prerequisite to advance β cell replacement therapy for diabetes. Here, we describe a 3D culture system that supports the expansion of adult human pancreatic tissue and the generation of a cell subpopulation with progenitor characteristics. These cells display high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDHhi), express pancreatic progenitors markers (PDX1, PTF1A, CPA1, and MYC), and can form new organoids in contrast to ALDHlo cells. Interestingly, gene expression profiling revealed that ALDHhi cells are closer to human fetal pancreatic tissue compared with adult pancreatic tissue. Endocrine lineage markers were detected upon in vitro differentiation. Engrafted organoids differentiated toward insulin-positive (INS+) cells, and circulating human C-peptide was detected upon glucose challenge 1 month after transplantation. Engrafted ALDHhi cells formed INS+ cells. We conclude that adult human pancreatic tissue has potential for expansion into 3D structures harboring progenitor cells with endocrine differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy J M Loomans
- Hubrecht Institute/KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nerys Williams Giuliani
- Hubrecht Institute/KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeetindra Balak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Femke Ringnalda
- Hubrecht Institute/KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Léon van Gurp
- Hubrecht Institute/KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Hubrecht Institute/KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK, Gurdon Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Sylvia F Boj
- Hubrecht Institute/KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
| | - Lennart Kester
- Hubrecht Institute/KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Matthias S Roost
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Bonner-Weir
- Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Marten A Engelse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Harry Heimberg
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert G J Vries
- Hubrecht Institute/KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Françoise Carlotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute/KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco J P de Koning
- Hubrecht Institute/KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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29
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Rulands S, Lescroart F, Chabab S, Hindley CJ, Prior N, Sznurkowska MK, Huch M, Philpott A, Blanpain C, Simons BD. Universality of clone dynamics during tissue development. Nat Phys 2018; 14:469-474. [PMID: 29736183 PMCID: PMC5935228 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-018-0055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of complex organs is driven by the coordinated proliferation, migration and differentiation of precursor cells. The fate behaviour of these cells is reflected in the time evolution their progeny, termed clones, which serve as a key experimental observable. In adult tissues, where cell dynamics is constrained by the condition of homeostasis, clonal tracing studies based on transgenic animal models have advanced our understanding of cell fate behaviour and its dysregulation in disease (1, 2). But what can be learned from clonal dynamics in development, where the spatial cohesiveness of clones is impaired by tissue deformations during tissue growth? Drawing on the results of clonal tracing studies, we show that, despite the complexity of organ development, clonal dynamics may converge to a critical state characterized by universal scaling behaviour of clone sizes. By mapping clonal dynamics onto a generalization of the classical theory of aerosols, we elucidate the origin and range of scaling behaviours and show how the identification of universal scaling dependences may allow lineage-specific information to be distilled from experiments. Our study shows the emergence of core concepts of statistical physics in an unexpected context, identifying cellular systems as a laboratory to study non-equilibrium statistical physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Rulands
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Noethnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauer Str. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabienne Lescroart
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Samira Chabab
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Christopher J Hindley
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Nicole Prior
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Magdalena K Sznurkowska
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Meritxell Huch
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Anna Philpott
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Cedric Blanpain
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
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30
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Andersson ER, Chivukula IV, Hankeova S, Sjöqvist M, Tsoi YL, Ramsköld D, Masek J, Elmansuri A, Hoogendoorn A, Vazquez E, Storvall H, Netušilová J, Huch M, Fischler B, Ellis E, Contreras A, Nemeth A, Chien KC, Clevers H, Sandberg R, Bryja V, Lendahl U. Mouse Model of Alagille Syndrome and Mechanisms of Jagged1 Missense Mutations. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1080-1095. [PMID: 29162437 PMCID: PMC7007299 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alagille syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by cholestasis, ocular abnormalities, characteristic facial features, heart defects, and vertebral malformations. Most cases are associated with mutations in JAGGED1 (JAG1), which encodes a Notch ligand, although it is not clear how these contribute to disease development. We aimed to develop a mouse model of Alagille syndrome to elucidate these mechanisms. METHODS Mice with a missense mutation (H268Q) in Jag1 (Jag1+/Ndr mice) were outbred to a C3H/C57bl6 background to generate a mouse model for Alagille syndrome (Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice). Liver tissues were collected at different timepoints during development, analyzed by histology, and liver organoids were cultured and analyzed. We performed transcriptome analysis of Jag1Ndr/Ndr livers and livers from patients with Alagille syndrome, cross-referenced to the Human Protein Atlas, to identify commonly dysregulated pathways and biliary markers. We used species-specific transcriptome separation and ligand-receptor interaction assays to measure Notch signaling and the ability of JAG1Ndr to bind or activate Notch receptors. We studied signaling of JAG1 and JAG1Ndr via NOTCH 1, NOTCH2, and NOTCH3 and resulting gene expression patterns in parental and NOTCH1-expressing C2C12 cell lines. RESULTS Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice had many features of Alagille syndrome, including eye, heart, and liver defects. Bile duct differentiation, morphogenesis, and function were dysregulated in newborn Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice, with aberrations in cholangiocyte polarity, but these defects improved in adult mice. Jag1Ndr/Ndr liver organoids collapsed in culture, indicating structural instability. Whole-transcriptome sequence analyses of liver tissues from mice and patients with Alagille syndrome identified dysregulated genes encoding proteins enriched at the apical side of cholangiocytes, including CFTR and SLC5A1, as well as reduced expression of IGF1. Exposure of Notch-expressing cells to JAG1Ndr, compared with JAG1, led to hypomorphic Notch signaling, based on transcriptome analysis. JAG1-expressing cells, but not JAG1Ndr-expressing cells, bound soluble Notch1 extracellular domain, quantified by flow cytometry. However, JAG1 and JAG1Ndr cells each bound NOTCH2, and signaling from NOTCH2 signaling was reduced but not completely inhibited, in response to JAG1Ndr compared with JAG1. CONCLUSIONS In mice, expression of a missense mutant of Jag1 (Jag1Ndr) disrupts bile duct development and recapitulates Alagille syndrome phenotypes in heart, eye, and craniofacial dysmorphology. JAG1Ndr does not bind NOTCH1, but binds NOTCH2, and elicits hypomorphic signaling. This mouse model can be used to study other features of Alagille syndrome and organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R. Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Indira V. Chivukula
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simona Hankeova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marika Sjöqvist
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yat Long Tsoi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ramsköld
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Masek
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aiman Elmansuri
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anita Hoogendoorn
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elenae Vazquez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Helena Storvall
- Karolinska University Hospital, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julie Netušilová
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Björn Fischler
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ellis
- Karolinska University Hospital, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adriana Contreras
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Antal Nemeth
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth C. Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rickard Sandberg
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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31
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Abstract
Epithelial cell loss alters a tissue's optimal function and awakens evolutionarily adapted healing mechanisms to reestablish homeostasis. Although adult mammalian organs have a limited regeneration potential, the liver stands out as one remarkable exception. Following injury, the liver mounts a dynamic multicellular response wherein stromal cells are activated in situ and/or recruited from the bloodstream, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is remodeled, and epithelial cells expand to replenish their lost numbers. Chronic damage makes this response persistent instead of transient, tipping the system into an abnormal steady state known as fibrosis, in which ECM accumulates excessively and tissue function degenerates. Here we explore the cellular and molecular switches that balance hepatic regeneration and fibrosis, with a focus on uncovering avenues of disease modeling and therapeutic intervention.
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32
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Broutier L, Mastrogiovanni G, Verstegen MM, Francies HE, Gavarró LM, Bradshaw CR, Allen GE, Arnes-Benito R, Sidorova O, Gaspersz MP, Georgakopoulos N, Koo BK, Dietmann S, Davies SE, Praseedom RK, Lieshout R, IJzermans JNM, Wigmore SJ, Saeb-Parsy K, Garnett MJ, van der Laan LJ, Huch M. Human primary liver cancer-derived organoid cultures for disease modeling and drug screening. Nat Med 2017; 23:1424-1435. [PMID: 29131160 PMCID: PMC5722201 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 776] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human liver cancer research currently lacks in vitro models that can faithfully recapitulate the pathophysiology of the original tumor. We recently described a novel, near-physiological organoid culture system, wherein primary human healthy liver cells form long-term expanding organoids that retain liver tissue function and genetic stability. Here we extend this culture system to the propagation of primary liver cancer (PLC) organoids from three of the most common PLC subtypes: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and combined HCC/CC (CHC) tumors. PLC-derived organoid cultures preserve the histological architecture, gene expression and genomic landscape of the original tumor, allowing for discrimination between different tumor tissues and subtypes, even after long-term expansion in culture in the same medium conditions. Xenograft studies demonstrate that the tumorogenic potential, histological features and metastatic properties of PLC-derived organoids are preserved in vivo. PLC-derived organoids are amenable for biomarker identification and drug-screening testing and led to the identification of the ERK inhibitor SCH772984 as a potential therapeutic agent for primary liver cancer. We thus demonstrate the wide-ranging biomedical utilities of PLC-derived organoid models in furthering the understanding of liver cancer biology and in developing personalized-medicine approaches for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Broutier
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Gianmarco Mastrogiovanni
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Hayley E. Francies
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Lena Morrill Gavarró
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - George E Allen
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Olga Sidorova
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcia P. Gaspersz
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nikitas Georgakopoulos
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan E. Davies
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raaj K. Praseedom
- Department of Hepato Pancreato Biliary Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruby Lieshout
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan N. M. IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stephen J Wigmore
- Department of Clinical Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathew J. Garnett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Meritxell Huch
- The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
The recent increase in organoid research has been met with great enthusiasm, as well as expectation, from the scientific community and the public alike. There is no doubt that this technology opens up a world of possibilities for scientific discovery in developmental biology as well as in translational research, but whether organoids can truly live up to this challenge is, for some, still an open question. In this Spotlight article, Meritxell Huch and Juergen Knoblich begin by discussing the exciting promise of organoid technology and give concrete examples of how this promise is starting to be realised. In the second part, Matthias Lutolf and Alfonso Martinez-Arias offer a careful and considered view of the state of the organoid field and its current limitations, and lay out the approach they feel is necessary to maximise the potential of organoid technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Huch
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK .,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Juergen A Knoblich
- IMBA-Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland .,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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Azzarelli R, Hurley C, Sznurkowska MK, Rulands S, Hardwick L, Gamper I, Ali F, McCracken L, Hindley C, McDuff F, Nestorowa S, Kemp R, Jones K, Göttgens B, Huch M, Evan G, Simons BD, Winton D, Philpott A. Multi-site Neurogenin3 Phosphorylation Controls Pancreatic Endocrine Differentiation. Dev Cell 2017; 41:274-286.e5. [PMID: 28457793 PMCID: PMC5425251 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The proneural transcription factor Neurogenin3 (Ngn3) plays a critical role in pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation, although regulation of Ngn3 protein is largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate that Ngn3 protein undergoes cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)-mediated phosphorylation on multiple serine-proline sites. Replacing wild-type protein with a phosphomutant form of Ngn3 increases α cell generation, the earliest endocrine cell type to be formed in the developing pancreas. Moreover, un(der)phosphorylated Ngn3 maintains insulin expression in adult β cells in the presence of elevated c-Myc and enhances endocrine specification during ductal reprogramming. Mechanistically, preventing multi-site phosphorylation enhances both Ngn3 stability and DNA binding, promoting the increased expression of target genes that drive differentiation. Therefore, multi-site phosphorylation of Ngn3 controls its ability to promote pancreatic endocrine differentiation and to maintain β cell function in the presence of pro-proliferation cues and could be manipulated to promote and maintain endocrine differentiation in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Azzarelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Christopher Hurley
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Magdalena K Sznurkowska
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Steffen Rulands
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany; Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauer Straße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Laura Hardwick
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Ivonne Gamper
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Fahad Ali
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Laura McCracken
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Christopher Hindley
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Fiona McDuff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Sonia Nestorowa
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Richard Kemp
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Meritxell Huch
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Gerard Evan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Douglas Winton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Anna Philpott
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
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Kruitwagen HS, Oosterhoff LA, Vernooij IGWH, Schrall IM, van Wolferen ME, Bannink F, Roesch C, van Uden L, Molenaar MR, Helms JB, Grinwis GCM, Verstegen MMA, van der Laan LJW, Huch M, Geijsen N, Vries RG, Clevers H, Rothuizen J, Schotanus BA, Penning LC, Spee B. Long-Term Adult Feline Liver Organoid Cultures for Disease Modeling of Hepatic Steatosis. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:822-830. [PMID: 28344000 PMCID: PMC5390114 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is a highly prevalent liver disease, yet research is hampered by the lack of tractable cellular and animal models. Steatosis also occurs in cats, where it can cause severe hepatic failure. Previous studies demonstrate the potential of liver organoids for modeling genetic diseases. To examine the possibility of using organoids to model steatosis, we established a long-term feline liver organoid culture with adult liver stem cell characteristics and differentiation potential toward hepatocyte-like cells. Next, organoids from mouse, human, dog, and cat liver were provided with fatty acids. Lipid accumulation was observed in all organoids and interestingly, feline liver organoids accumulated more lipid droplets than human organoids. Finally, we demonstrate effects of interference with β-oxidation on lipid accumulation in feline liver organoids. In conclusion, feline liver organoids can be successfully cultured and display a predisposition for lipid accumulation, making them an interesting model in hepatic steatosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig S Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Loes A Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid G W H Vernooij
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Schrall
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Farah Bannink
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Camille Roesch
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa van Uden
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn R Molenaar
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Guy C M Grinwis
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert G Vries
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Baukje A Schotanus
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Koo BK, Huch M. Organoids: A new in vitro model system for biomedical science and disease modelling and promising source for cell-based transplantation. Dev Biol 2016; 420:197-198. [PMID: 27983962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
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Blokzijl F, de Ligt J, Jager M, Sasselli V, Roerink S, Sasaki N, Huch M, Boymans S, Kuijk E, Prins P, Nijman IJ, Martincorena I, Mokry M, Wiegerinck CL, Middendorp S, Sato T, Schwank G, Nieuwenhuis EES, Verstegen MMA, van der Laan LJW, de Jonge J, IJzermans JNM, Vries RG, van de Wetering M, Stratton MR, Clevers H, Cuppen E, van Boxtel R. Tissue-specific mutation accumulation in human adult stem cells during life. Nature 2016; 538:260-264. [PMID: 27698416 PMCID: PMC5536223 DOI: 10.1038/nature19768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 605] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The gradual accumulation of genetic mutations in human adult stem cells (ASCs) during life is associated with various age-related diseases, including cancer. Extreme variation in cancer risk across tissues was recently proposed to depend on the lifetime number of ASC divisions, owing to unavoidable random mutations that arise during DNA replication. However, the rates and patterns of mutations in normal ASCs remain unknown. Here we determine genome-wide mutation patterns in ASCs of the small intestine, colon and liver of human donors with ages ranging from 3 to 87 years by sequencing clonal organoid cultures derived from primary multipotent cells. Our results show that mutations accumulate steadily over time in all of the assessed tissue types, at a rate of approximately 40 novel mutations per year, despite the large variation in cancer incidence among these tissues. Liver ASCs, however, have different mutation spectra compared to those of the colon and small intestine. Mutational signature analysis reveals that this difference can be attributed to spontaneous deamination of methylated cytosine residues in the colon and small intestine, probably reflecting their high ASC division rate. In liver, a signature with an as-yet-unknown underlying mechanism is predominant. Mutation spectra of driver genes in cancer show high similarity to the tissue-specific ASC mutation spectra, suggesting that intrinsic mutational processes in ASCs can initiate tumorigenesis. Notably, the inter-individual variation in mutation rate and spectra are low, suggesting tissue-specific activity of common mutational processes throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Blokzijl
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joep de Ligt
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe Jager
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Valentina Sasselli
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Roerink
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nobuo Sasaki
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Boymans
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ewart Kuijk
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pjotr Prins
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isaac J Nijman
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inigo Martincorena
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Michal Mokry
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline L Wiegerinck
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Middendorp
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald Schwank
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edward E S Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Jonge
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert G Vries
- Foundation Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc van de Wetering
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael R Stratton
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben van Boxtel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Beer F, Krüger J, Bunzel D, Huch M, Steck J, Urbat F, Bunzel M, Kulling S. Metabolism of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) by Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Baker LA, Tiriac H, Corbo V, Boj SF, Hwang CI, Chio IIC, Engle DD, Jager M, Ponz-Sarvise M, Spector MS, Gracanin A, Oni T, Yu KH, Boxtel RV, Huch M, Rivera KD, Wilson JP, Feigin ME, Öhlund D, Handly-Santana A, Ardito-Abraham CM, Ludwig M, Elyada E, Alagesan B, Biffi G, Yordanov GN, Delcuze B, Creighton B, Wright K, Park Y, Morsink FH, Molenaar IQ, Rinkes IHB, Cuppen E, Hao Y, Jin Y, Nijman IJ, Iacobuzio-Donahue C, Leach SD, Pappin DJ, Hammell M, Klimstra DS, Basturk O, Hruban RH, Offerhaus GJ, Vries RG, Clevers H, Tuveson DA. Abstract B16: Using human patient-derived organoids to identify genetic dependencies in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.pdx16-b16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal malignancies due to its late diagnosis and limited response to treatment. Tractable model systems to interrogate pathways involved in pancreatic tumorigenesis and to probe individual responses to novel therapies are urgently needed. To that end, we established methods to culture normal and neoplastic pancreatic duct cells as three-dimensional organoid cultures. Pancreatic organoids can be rapidly generated from resected tumors or fine needle biopsies, survive cryopreservation, and exhibit ductal- and disease-stage-specific characteristics. Following orthotopic transplant, neoplastic organoids recapitulated the full spectrum of tumor development by forming early-grade neoplasms that progressed to locally invasive and metastatic carcinomas, demonstrating the utility of organoids to model the stages of PDA tumorigenesis. Monolayer cell lines were generated from organoid cultures with high efficiency, creating a diverse collection of new PDA cell lines. To better understand pathways involved in PDA progression, we performed transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of murine organoids derived from normal pancreatic ducts, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), and PDAs. These datasets revealed expression changes associated with early and late pancreatic tumorigenesis. To identify genes dysregulated during pancreatic tumorigenesis whose depletion impaired human PDA cells, a CRISPR-Cas competition assay was employed. Taken together, pancreatic organoids offer a novel model system for studying pancreatic cancer biology and can be used to screen for genetic dependencies in PDA.
Citation Format: Lindsey A. Baker, Hervé Tiriac, Vincenzo Corbo, Sylvia F. Boj, Chang-il Hwang, Iok In Christine Chio, Danielle D. Engle, Myrthe Jager, Mariano Ponz-Sarvise, Mona S. Spector, Ana Gracanin, Tobiloba Oni, Kenneth H. Yu, Ruben van Boxtel, Meritxell Huch, Keith D. Rivera, John P. Wilson, Michael E. Feigin, Daniel Öhlund, Abram Handly-Santana, Christine M. Ardito-Abraham, Michael Ludwig, Ela Elyada, Brinda Alagesan, Giulia Biffi, Georgi N. Yordanov, Bethany Delcuze, Brianna Creighton, Kevin Wright, Youngkyu Park, Folkert H.M. Morsink, I. Quintus Molenaar, Inne H. Borel Rinkes, Edwin Cuppen, Yuan Hao, Ying Jin, Isaac J. Nijman, Christine Iacobuzio-Donahue, Steven D. Leach, Darryl J. Pappin, Molly Hammell, David S. Klimstra, Olca Basturk, Ralph H. Hruban, George Johan Offerhaus, Robert G.J. Vries, Hans Clevers, David A. Tuveson. Using human patient-derived organoids to identify genetic dependencies in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Patient-Derived Cancer Models: Present and Future Applications from Basic Science to the Clinic; Feb 11-14, 2016; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(16_Suppl):Abstract nr B16.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hervé Tiriac
- 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY,
| | | | - Sylvia F. Boj
- 3Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, Netherlands,
| | | | | | | | - Myrthe Jager
- 3Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, Netherlands,
| | | | | | - Ana Gracanin
- 3Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, Netherlands,
| | - Tobiloba Oni
- 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY,
| | - Kenneth H. Yu
- 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY,
| | - Ruben van Boxtel
- 3Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, Netherlands,
| | - Meritxell Huch
- 3Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, Netherlands,
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Öhlund
- 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY,
| | | | | | | | - Ela Elyada
- 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY,
| | | | - Giulia Biffi
- 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY,
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Wright
- 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY,
| | - Youngkyu Park
- 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY,
| | | | | | | | - Edwin Cuppen
- 3Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, Netherlands,
| | - Yuan Hao
- 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY,
| | - Ying Jin
- 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY,
| | - Isaac J. Nijman
- 3Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, Netherlands,
| | | | | | | | - Molly Hammell
- 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY,
| | | | - Olca Basturk
- 6Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY,
| | | | | | - Robert G.J. Vries
- 3Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, Netherlands,
| | - Hans Clevers
- 3Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, Netherlands,
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Huch M, Dollé L. The plastic cellular states of liver cells: Are EpCAM and Lgr5 fit for purpose? Hepatology 2016; 64:652-62. [PMID: 26799921 PMCID: PMC4973669 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adult liver cells have been considered restricted regarding their fate and lineage potential. That is, hepatocytes have been thought able only to generate hepatocytes and duct cells, only duct cells. While this may be the case for the majority of scenarios in a state of quiescence or homeostasis, evidence suggests that liver cells are capable of interconverting between cellular states of distinct phenotypic traits. This interconversion or plasticity had been suggested by classical studies using cellular markers, but recently lineage tracing approaches have proven that cells are highly plastic and retain an extraordinary ability to respond differently to normal tissue homeostasis, to tissue repair, or when challenged to expand ex vivo or to differentiate upon transplantation. Stemness, as "self-renewal and multipotency," seems not to be limited to a particular cell type but rather to a cellular state in which cells exhibit a high degree of plasticity and can move back and forth in different phenotypic states. For instance, upon damage cells can dedifferentiate to acquire stem cell potential that allows them to self-renew, repopulate a damaged tissue, and then undergo differentiation. In this review, we will discuss the evidence on cellular plasticity in the liver, focusing our attention on two markers, epithelial cell adhesion molecule and leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5, which identify cells with stem cell potential. (Hepatology 2016;64:652-662).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Huch
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK‐Gurdon Institutethe Wellcome Trust‐Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, and Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Laurent Dollé
- Laboratory of Liver Cell BiologyDepartment of Basic Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and PharmacyFree University BrusselsBrusselsBelgium
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Hindley CJ, Cordero-Espinoza L, Huch M. Organoids from adult liver and pancreas: Stem cell biology and biomedical utility. Dev Biol 2016; 420:251-261. [PMID: 27364469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The liver and pancreas are critical organs maintaining whole body metabolism. Historically, the expansion of adult-derived cells from these organs in vitro has proven challenging and this in turn has hampered studies of liver and pancreas stem cell biology, as well as being a roadblock to disease modelling and cell replacement therapies for pathologies in these organs. Recently, defined culture conditions have been described which allow the in vitro culture and manipulation of adult-derived liver and pancreatic material. Here we review these systems and assess their physiological relevance, as well as their potential utility in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Hindley
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; The Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Lucía Cordero-Espinoza
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
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Abstract
Adult tissues maintain function and architecture through robust homeostatic mechanisms mediated by self-renewing cells capable of generating all resident cell types. However, severe injury can challenge the regeneration potential of such a stem/progenitor compartment. Indeed, upon injury adult tissues can exhibit massive cellular plasticity in order to achieve proper tissue regeneration, circumventing an impaired stem/progenitor compartment. Several examples of such plasticity have been reported in both rapidly and slowly self-renewing organs and follow conserved mechanisms. Upon loss of the cellular compartment responsible for maintaining homeostasis, quiescent or slowly proliferating stem/progenitor cells can acquire high proliferation potential and turn into active stem cells, or, alternatively, mature cells can de-differentiate into stem-like cells or re-enter the cell cycle to compensate for the tissue loss. This extensive cellular plasticity acts as a key mechanism to respond to multiple stimuli in a context-dependent manner, enabling tissue regeneration in a robust fashion. In this review cellular plasticity in the adult liver and stomach will be examined, highlighting the diverse cell populations capable of repairing the damaged tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Aloia
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK - Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Mikel Alexander McKie
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK - Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK - Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
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Lemke A, Burkhardt B, Bunzel D, Pfeiffer E, Metzler M, Huch M, Kulling SE, Franz C. Alternaria toxins of the alternariol type are not metabolised by human faecal microbiota. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2014.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of the Alternaria toxins alternariol (AOH), alternariol-9-O-methyl ether (AME) and altenuene (ALT) by the microbiota present in faeces from three human volunteers was studied. Faecal cultures were prepared as a 5% faeces suspension in brain-heart infusion broth and incubated with 50 μM of the toxins under anaerobic conditions for 72 h at 37 °C. The metabolism of AOH was also studied in pure bacterial cultures with either Escherichia coli DH5α or Lactobacillus plantarum BFE 5092 for 72 h at 37 °C. The three parent toxins were stable in uninoculated, heat-treated medium over a 72 h incubation period with a recovery of more than 90%. As a control for the activity of the faecal microbiota, the isoflavone daidzein was incubated with the faecal cultures and was transformed to its expected metabolites. In contrast, no metabolites of AOH, AME and ALT could be detected in the faecal cultures from the same volunteers, indicating that the gut microbiota was not capable of metabolising these substances. The Alternaria toxins could be shown to be at least partially bound to bacterial cells in a non-covalent manner, which may serve as a mechanism for their removal from the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Lemke
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straβe 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B. Burkhardt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Science and Food Toxicology, Adenauerring 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D. Bunzel
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straβe 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E. Pfeiffer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Science and Food Toxicology, Adenauerring 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Metzler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Science and Food Toxicology, Adenauerring 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Huch
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straβe 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S. E. Kulling
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straβe 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C.M.A.P. Franz
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straβe 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Hermann-Weigmann-Straβe 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
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Huch M. Liver stem/progenitor cells and hepatic organoids to study liver biology and disease. Hamdan Med J 2016. [DOI: 10.7707/hmj.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Coelho PA, Bury L, Shahbazi MN, Liakath-Ali K, Tate PH, Wormald S, Hindley CJ, Huch M, Archer J, Skarnes WC, Zernicka-Goetz M, Glover DM. Over-expression of Plk4 induces centrosome amplification, loss of primary cilia and associated tissue hyperplasia in the mouse. Open Biol 2015; 5:150209. [PMID: 26701933 PMCID: PMC4703062 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the long-known relationship between supernumerary centrosomes and cancer, we have generated a transgenic mouse that permits inducible expression of the master regulator of centriole duplication, Polo-like-kinase-4 (Plk4). Over-expression of Plk4 from this transgene advances the onset of tumour formation that occurs in the absence of the tumour suppressor p53. Plk4 over-expression also leads to hyperproliferation of cells in the pancreas and skin that is enhanced in a p53 null background. Pancreatic islets become enlarged following Plk4 over-expression as a result of equal expansion of α- and β-cells, which exhibit centrosome amplification. Mice overexpressing Plk4 develop grey hair due to a loss of differentiated melanocytes and bald patches of skin associated with a thickening of the epidermis. This reflects an increase in proliferating cells expressing keratin 5 in the basal epidermal layer and the expansion of these cells into suprabasal layers. Such cells also express keratin 6, a marker for hyperplasia. This is paralleled by a decreased expression of later differentiation markers, involucrin, filaggrin and loricrin. Proliferating cells showed an increase in centrosome number and a loss of primary cilia, events that were mirrored in primary cultures of keratinocytes established from these animals. We discuss how repeated duplication of centrioles appears to prevent the formation of basal bodies leading to loss of primary cilia, disruption of signalling and thereby aberrant differentiation of cells within the epidermis. The absence of p53 permits cells with increased centrosomes to continue dividing, thus setting up a neoplastic state of error prone mitoses, a prerequisite for cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Coelho
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Leah Bury
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Marta N Shahbazi
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Kifayathullah Liakath-Ali
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Peri H Tate
- Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sam Wormald
- Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Christopher J Hindley
- Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, the Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, the Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Joy Archer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - William C Skarnes
- Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - David M Glover
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
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Nantasanti S, Spee B, Kruitwagen HS, Chen C, Geijsen N, Oosterhoff LA, van Wolferen ME, Pelaez N, Fieten H, Wubbolts RW, Grinwis GC, Chan J, Huch M, Vries RRG, Clevers H, de Bruin A, Rothuizen J, Penning LC, Schotanus BA. Disease Modeling and Gene Therapy of Copper Storage Disease in Canine Hepatic Organoids. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:895-907. [PMID: 26455412 PMCID: PMC4649105 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent development of 3D-liver stem cell cultures (hepatic organoids) opens up new avenues for gene and/or stem cell therapy to treat liver disease. To test safety and efficacy, a relevant large animal model is essential but not yet established. Because of its shared pathologies and disease pathways, the dog is considered the best model for human liver disease. Here we report the establishment of a long-term canine hepatic organoid culture allowing undifferentiated expansion of progenitor cells that can be differentiated toward functional hepatocytes. We show that cultures can be initiated from fresh and frozen liver tissues using Tru-Cut or fine-needle biopsies. The use of Wnt agonists proved important for canine organoid proliferation and inhibition of differentiation. Finally, we demonstrate that successful gene supplementation in hepatic organoids of COMMD1-deficient dogs restores function and can be an effective means to cure copper storage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathidpak Nantasanti
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Hedwig S Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Loes A Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Pelaez
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Richard W Wubbolts
- Centre for Cellular Imaging (CCI), Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CL, the Netherlands
| | - Guy C Grinwis
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CL, the Netherlands
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Robert R G Vries
- Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CL, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Baukje A Schotanus
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
In vitro three-dimensional (3D) cultures are emerging as novel systems with which to study tissue development, organogenesis and stem cell behavior ex vivo. When grown in a 3D environment, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) self-organize into organoids and acquire the right tissue patterning to develop into several endoderm- and ectoderm-derived tissues, mimicking their in vivo counterparts. Tissue-resident adult stem cells (AdSCs) also form organoids when grown in 3D and can be propagated in vitro for long periods of time. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in the generation of pluripotent stem cell- and AdSC-derived organoids, highlighting their potential for enhancing our understanding of human development. We will also explore how this new culture system allows disease modeling and gene repair for a personalized regenerative medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Huch
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
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Bartfeld S, Bayram T, van de Wetering M, Huch M, Begthel H, Kujala P, Vries R, Peters PJ, Clevers H. In vitro expansion of human gastric epithelial stem cells and their responses to bacterial infection. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:126-136.e6. [PMID: 25307862 PMCID: PMC4274199 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We previously established long-term, 3-dimensional culture of organoids from mouse tissues (intestine, stomach, pancreas, and liver) and human intestine and pancreas. Here we describe conditions required for long-term 3-dimensional culture of human gastric stem cells. The technology can be applied to study the epithelial response to infection with Helicobacter pylori. METHODS We generated organoids from surgical samples of human gastric corpus. Culture conditions were developed based on those for the mouse gastric and human intestinal systems. We used microinjection to infect the organoids with H pylori. Epithelial responses were measured using microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. RESULTS Human gastric cells were expanded indefinitely in 3-dimensional cultures. We cultured cells from healthy gastric tissues, single-sorted stem cells, or tumor tissues. Organoids maintained many characteristics of their respective tissues based on their histology, expression of markers, and euploidy. Organoids from healthy tissue expressed markers of 4 lineages of the stomach and self-organized into gland and pit domains. They could be directed to specifically express either lineages of the gastric gland, or the gastric pit, by addition of nicotinamide and withdrawal of WNT. Although gastric pit lineages had only marginal reactions to bacterial infection, gastric gland lineages mounted a strong inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS We developed a system to culture human gastric organoids. This system can be used to study H pylori infection and other gastric pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Bartfeld
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Tülay Bayram
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research & University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands, CancerGenomics.nl
| | - Marc van de Wetering
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research & University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands, CancerGenomics.nl
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research & University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands, CancerGenomics.nl
| | - Harry Begthel
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research & University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands, CancerGenomics.nl
| | - Pekka Kujala
- Division of Cell Biology II, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Vries
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research & University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands, CancerGenomics.nl
| | - Peter J Peters
- Division of Cell Biology II, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research & University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands, CancerGenomics.nl
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Simmini S, Bialecka M, Huch M, Kester L, van de Wetering M, Sato T, Beck F, van Oudenaarden A, Clevers H, Deschamps J. Transformation of intestinal stem cells into gastric stem cells on loss of transcription factor Cdx2. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5728. [PMID: 25500896 PMCID: PMC4284662 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endodermal lining of the adult gastro-intestinal tract harbours stem cells that are responsible for the day-to-day regeneration of the epithelium. Stem cells residing in the pyloric glands of the stomach and in the small intestinal crypts differ in their differentiation programme and in the gene repertoire that they express. Both types of stem cells have been shown to grow from single cells into 3D structures (organoids) in vitro. We show that single adult Lgr5-positive stem cells, isolated from small intestinal organoids, require Cdx2 to maintain their intestinal identity and are converted cell-autonomously into pyloric stem cells in the absence of this transcription factor. Clonal descendants of Cdx2null small intestinal stem cells enter the gastric differentiation program instead of producing intestinal derivatives. We show that the intestinal genetic programme is critically dependent on the single transcription factor encoding gene Cdx2. The adult gastro-intestinal tract harbours stem cells that differ in their differentiation programme and in the gene repertoire that they express. Here the authors show that single adult Lgr5-positive stem cells require Cdx2 to maintain their intestinal identity and are converted into pyloric stem cells in the absence of this transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Simmini
- Hubrecht Institute and UMC Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monika Bialecka
- Hubrecht Institute and UMC Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Hubrecht Institute and UMC Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lennart Kester
- Hubrecht Institute and UMC Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc van de Wetering
- Hubrecht Institute and UMC Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Hubrecht Institute and UMC Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Felix Beck
- University of Leicester, Department of Biochemistry, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute and UMC Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Deschamps
- Hubrecht Institute and UMC Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
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