1
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Yaghjyan L, Heng YJ, Baker GM, Bret-Mounet VC, Murthy D, Mahoney MB, Rosner B, Tamimi RM. Associations of reproductive breast cancer risk factors with expression of stem cell markers in benign breast tissue. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1354094. [PMID: 38577336 PMCID: PMC10991780 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1354094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the associations of reproductive factors known to influence breast cancer risk with the expression of breast stem cell markers CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 in benign breast biopsy samples. Methods We included 439 cancer-free women with biopsy-confirmed benign breast disease within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. The data on reproductive and other breast cancer risk factors were obtained from biennial questionnaires. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on tissue microarrays. For each core, the IHC expression was assessed using a semi-automated platform and expressed as % of cells that stained positive for a specific marker out of the total cell count. Generalized linear regression was used to examine the associations of reproductive factors with a log-transformed expression of each marker (in epithelium and stroma), adjusted for other breast cancer risk factors. Results In multivariate analysis, the time between menarche and age at first birth was inversely associated with CD44 in epithelium (β per 5 years = -0.38, 95% CI -0.69; -0.06). Age at first birth and the time between menarche and age at first birth were inversely associated with ALDH1A1 (stroma: β per 5 years = -0.43, 95% CI -0.76; -0.10 and β = -0.47, 95% CI -0.79; -0.15, respectively; epithelium: β = -0.15, 95% CI -0.30; -0.01 and β = -0.17, 95% CI -0.30; -0.03, respectively). Time since last pregnancy was inversely associated with stromal ALDH1A1 (β per 5 years = -0.55, 95% CI -0.98; -0.11). No associations were found for CD24. The observed associations were similar in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, lifetime duration of breastfeeding was inversely associated with stromal ALDH1A1 expression (β for ≥24 vs. 0 to <1 months = -2.24, 95% CI 3.96; -0.51, p-trend = 0.01). Conclusion Early-life reproductive factors may influence CD44 and ALDH1A1 expression in benign breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Yaghjyan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yujing J. Heng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gabrielle M. Baker
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vanessa C. Bret-Mounet
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Divya Murthy
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matt B. Mahoney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rulla M. Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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2
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García-Sancha N, Corchado-Cobos R, Blanco-Gómez A, Cunillera Puértolas O, Marzo-Castillejo M, Castillo-Lluva S, Alonso-López D, De Las Rivas J, Pozo J, Orfao A, Valero-Juan L, Patino-Alonso C, Perera D, Venkitaraman AR, Mao JH, Chang H, Mendiburu-Eliçabe M, González-García P, Caleiras E, Peset I, Cenador MBG, García-Criado FJ, Pérez-Losada J. Cabergoline as a Novel Strategy for Post-Pregnancy Breast Cancer Prevention in Mice and Human. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3854490. [PMID: 38405932 PMCID: PMC10889045 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3854490/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Post-pregnancy breast cancer often carries a poor prognosis, posing a major clinical challenge. The increasing trend of later-life pregnancies exacerbates this risk, highlighting the need for effective chemoprevention strategies. Current options, limited to selective estrogen receptor modulators, aromatase inhibitors, or surgical procedures, offer limited efficacy and considerable side effects. Here, we report that cabergoline, a dopaminergic agonist, reduces the risk of breast cancer post-pregnancy in a Brca1/P53-deficient mouse model, with implications for human breast cancer prevention. We show that a single dose of cabergoline administered post-pregnancy significantly delayed the onset and reduced the incidence of breast cancer in Brca1/P53-deficient mice. Histological analysis revealed a notable acceleration in post-lactational involution over the short term, characterized by increased apoptosis and altered gene expression related to ion transport. Over the long term, histological changes in the mammary gland included a reduction in the ductal component, decreased epithelial proliferation, and a lower presence of recombinant Brca1/P53 target cells, which are precursors of tumors. These changes serve as indicators of reduced breast cancer susceptibility. Additionally, RNA sequencing identified gene expression alterations associated with decreased proliferation and mammary gland branching. Our findings highlight a mechanism wherein cabergoline enhances the protective effect of pregnancy against breast cancer by potentiating postlactational involution. Notably, a retrospective cohort study in women demonstrated a markedly lower incidence of post-pregnancy breast cancer in those treated with cabergoline compared to a control group. Our work underscores the importance of enhancing postlactational involution as a strategy for breast cancer prevention, and identifies cabergoline as a promising, low-risk option in breast cancer chemoprevention. This strategy has the potential to revolutionize breast cancer prevention approaches, particularly for women at increased risk due to genetic factors or delayed childbirth, and has wider implications beyond hereditary breast cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oriol Cunillera Puértolas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Sud, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), L'Hospitalet de LL
| | - Mercè Marzo-Castillejo
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca - IDIAP Jordi Gol. Direcció d'Atenció Primària Costa de Ponent, Institut Català de la Salut
| | | | - Diego Alonso-López
- Cancer Research Center (CIC-IBMCC, CSIC/USAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca (USAL)
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC/USAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas & University of Salamanca
| | - Julio Pozo
- Servicio de Citometría, Departamento de Medicina, Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, and Instituto de Biolog
| | | | - Luis Valero-Juan
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas y del Diagnóstico. Universidad de Salamanca
| | | | - David Perera
- The Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Isabel Peset
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid
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3
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Carcel C, Haupt S, Arnott C, Yap ML, Henry A, Hirst JE, Woodward M, Norton R. A life-course approach to tackling noncommunicable diseases in women. Nat Med 2024; 30:51-60. [PMID: 38242981 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Women's health has been critically underserved by a failure to look beyond women's sexual and reproductive systems to adequately consider their broader health needs. In almost every country in the world, noncommunicable diseases are the leading causes of death for women. Among these, cardiovascular disease (including heart disease and stroke) and cancer are the major causes of mortality. Risks for these conditions exist at each stage of women's lives, but recognition of the unique needs of women for the prevention and management of noncommunicable diseases is relatively recent and still emerging. Once they are diagnosed, treatments for these diseases are often costly and noncurative. Therefore, we call for a strategic, innovative life-course approach to identifying disease triggers and instigating cost-effective measures to minimize exposure in a timely manner. Prohibitive barriers to implementing this holistic approach to women's health exist in both the social arena and the medical arena. Recognizing these impediments and implementing practical approaches to surmounting them is a rational approach to advancing health equity for women, with ultimate benefits for society as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Carcel
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Sue Haupt
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare Arnott
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mei Ling Yap
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Liverpool and Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centres, South-West Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Collaboration for Cancer Outcomes, Research and Evaluation (CCORE), South-Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda Henry
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane E Hirst
- The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robyn Norton
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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4
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Coelingh Bennink HJT, Schultz IJ, Schmidt M, Jordan VC, Briggs P, Egberts JFM, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Kiesel L, Kluivers K, Krijgh J, Simoncini T, Stanczyk FZ, Langer RD. Progesterone from ovulatory menstrual cycles is an important cause of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:60. [PMID: 37254150 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many factors, including reproductive hormones, have been linked to a woman's risk of developing breast cancer (BC). We reviewed the literature regarding the relationship between ovulatory menstrual cycles (MCs) and BC risk. Physiological variations in the frequency of MCs and interference with MCs through genetic variations, pathological conditions and or pharmaceutical interventions revealed a strong link between BC risk and the lifetime number of MCs. A substantial reduction in BC risk is observed in situations without MCs. In genetic or transgender situations with normal female breasts and estrogens, but no progesterone (P4), the incidence of BC is very low, suggesting an essential role of P4. During the MC, P4 has a strong proliferative effect on normal breast epithelium, whereas estradiol (E2) has only a minimal effect. The origin of BC has been strongly linked to proliferation associated DNA replication errors, and the repeated stimulation of the breast epithelium by P4 with each MC is likely to impact the epithelial mutational burden. Long-lived cells, such as stem cells, present in the breast epithelium, can carry mutations forward for an extended period of time, and studies show that breast tumors tend to take decades to develop before detection. We therefore postulate that P4 is an important factor in a woman's lifetime risk of developing BC, and that breast tumors arising during hormonal contraception or after menopause, with or without menopausal hormone therapy, are the consequence of the outgrowth of pre-existing neoplastic lesions, eventually stimulated by estrogens and some progestins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iman J Schultz
- Pantarhei Bioscience BV, P.O. Box 464, 3700 AL, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - V Craig Jordan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paula Briggs
- Sexual and Reproductive Health, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kirsten Kluivers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Krijgh
- Pantarhei Bioscience BV, P.O. Box 464, 3700 AL, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Tommaso Simoncini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Frank Z Stanczyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert D Langer
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
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5
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Sun CK, Tang YX, Liu TC, Lu CJ. An Integrated Machine Learning Scheme for Predicting Mammographic Anomalies in High-Risk Individuals Using Questionnaire-Based Predictors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159756. [PMID: 35955112 PMCID: PMC9368335 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the important predictors related to predicting positive mammographic findings based on questionnaire-based demographic and obstetric/gynecological parameters using the proposed integrated machine learning (ML) scheme. The scheme combines the benefits of two well-known ML algorithms, namely, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) logistic regression and extreme gradient boosting (XGB), to provide adequate prediction for mammographic anomalies in high-risk individuals and the identification of significant risk factors. We collected questionnaire data on 18 breast-cancer-related risk factors from women who participated in a national mammographic screening program between January 2017 and December 2020 at a single tertiary referral hospital to correlate with their mammographic findings. The acquired data were retrospectively analyzed using the proposed integrated ML scheme. Based on the data from 21,107 valid questionnaires, the results showed that the Lasso logistic regression models with variable combinations generated by XGB could provide more effective prediction results. The top five significant predictors for positive mammography results were younger age, breast self-examination, older age at first childbirth, nulliparity, and history of mammography within 2 years, suggesting a need for timely mammographic screening for women with these risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Kay Sun
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Xuan Tang
- Department of Radiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chi Liu
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jie Lu
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Department of Information Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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6
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Is Gestational Diabetes Mellitus a Risk Factor of Maternal Breast Cancer? A Systematic Review of the Literature. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091174. [PMID: 34572360 PMCID: PMC8466910 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and breast cancer (BC) risk is complex. We aimed to examine this association in a systematic review of the literature. This review was done using the PubMed/Medline and Web of Science databases, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for the assessment of bias and quality of studies. Only English-language articles published before 1 June 2021, were included. Fourteen studies were included in this systematic review. Among them, eight did not find statistically significant results. Three studies showed a statistically significant increased risk of BC after GDM, and they explained this potential increased risk by hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and low-grade inflammation. However, three studies showed a statistically significant decreased risk of BC after GDM, suggesting a possible protective effect of hormonal changes induced by GDM during pregnancy. These controversial results should be interpreted with caution due to both quantitative and qualitative methodological shortcomings. Further investigations are thus needed in order to gain a better understanding of the associations between GDM and BC, and their underlying mechanisms.
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7
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Yaghjyan L, Austin-Datta RJ, Oh H, Heng YJ, Vellal AD, Sirinukunwattana K, Baker GM, Collins LC, Murthy D, Rosner B, Tamimi RM. Associations of reproductive breast cancer risk factors with breast tissue composition. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:70. [PMID: 34225771 PMCID: PMC8258947 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the associations of reproductive factors with the percentage of epithelium, stroma, and fat tissue in benign breast biopsy samples. METHODS This study included 983 cancer-free women with biopsy-confirmed benign breast disease (BBD) within the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II cohorts. The percentage of each tissue type (epithelium, stroma, and fat) was measured on whole-section images with a deep-learning technique. All tissue measures were log-transformed in all the analyses to improve normality. The data on reproductive variables and other breast cancer risk factors were obtained from biennial questionnaires. Generalized linear regression was used to examine the associations of reproductive factors with the percentage of tissue types, while adjusting for known breast cancer risk factors. RESULTS As compared to parous women, nulliparous women had a smaller percentage of epithelium (β = - 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.41, - 0.11) and fat (β = - 0.34, 95% CI - 0.54, - 0.13) and a greater percentage of stroma (β = 0.04, 95% CI 0.01, 0.08). Among parous women, the number of children was inversely associated with the percentage of stroma (β per child = - 0.01, 95% CI - 0.02, - 0.00). The duration of breastfeeding of ≥ 24 months was associated with a reduced proportion of fat (β = - 0.30, 95% CI - 0.54, - 0.06; p-trend = 0.04). In a separate analysis restricted to premenopausal women, older age at first birth was associated with a greater proportion of epithelium and a smaller proportion of stroma. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that being nulliparous as well as having a fewer number of children (both positively associated with breast cancer risk) is associated with a smaller proportion of epithelium and a greater proportion of stroma, potentially suggesting the importance of epithelial-stromal interactions. Future studies are warranted to confirm our findings and to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Yaghjyan
- College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Rebecca J Austin-Datta
- College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Hannah Oh
- Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adithya D Vellal
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Korsuk Sirinukunwattana
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), Department of Engineering Science, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gabrielle M Baker
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura C Collins
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Divya Murthy
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Dewi FN, Cline JM. Nonhuman primate model in mammary gland biology and neoplasia research. Lab Anim Res 2021; 37:3. [PMID: 33397518 PMCID: PMC7784333 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-020-00053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on breast cancer pathogenesis, prevention and drug development remains an important field as this disease is still one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Nonhuman primates, particularly macaque species, may serve as a highly translational animal model in breast cancer studies due to their similarity with humans in genetics, anatomy, reproductive and endocrine physiology including mammary gland development profile. The use of nonhuman primates in biomedical research, however, requires high ethical standards and an increasing expectation to improve strategies to replace, reduce and refine their use. Here, we discuss some key features of nonhuman primate mammary gland biology relevant to their strengths and limitations as models in studies of breast development and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitriya N Dewi
- Primate Research Center at IPB University, Jl. Lodaya II No.5, Bogor, West Java, 16151, Indonesia.
| | - J Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
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9
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Applegate KE, Rühm W, Wojcik A, Bourguignon M, Brenner A, Hamasaki K, Imai T, Imaizumi M, Imaoka T, Kakinuma S, Kamada T, Nishimura N, Okonogi N, Ozasa K, Rübe CE, Sadakane A, Sakata R, Shimada Y, Yoshida K, Bouffler S. Individual response of humans to ionising radiation: governing factors and importance for radiological protection. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:185-209. [PMID: 32146555 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tissue reactions and stochastic effects after exposure to ionising radiation are variable between individuals but the factors and mechanisms governing individual responses are not well understood. Individual responses can be measured at different levels of biological organization and using different endpoints following varying doses of radiation, including: cancers, non-cancer diseases and mortality in the whole organism; normal tissue reactions after exposures; and, cellular endpoints such as chromosomal damage and molecular alterations. There is no doubt that many factors influence the responses of people to radiation to different degrees. In addition to the obvious general factors of radiation quality, dose, dose rate and the tissue (sub)volume irradiated, recognized and potential determining factors include age, sex, life style (e.g., smoking, diet, possibly body mass index), environmental factors, genetics and epigenetics, stochastic distribution of cellular events, and systemic comorbidities such as diabetes or viral infections. Genetic factors are commonly thought to be a substantial contributor to individual response to radiation. Apart from a small number of rare monogenic diseases such as ataxia telangiectasia, the inheritance of an abnormally responsive phenotype among a population of healthy individuals does not follow a classical Mendelian inheritance pattern. Rather it is considered to be a multi-factorial, complex trait.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W Rühm
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, MBW Department, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Bourguignon
- Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, University of Paris Saclay (UVSQ), Verseilles, France
| | - A Brenner
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - K Hamasaki
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Imai
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Imaizumi
- Department of Nagasaki Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - T Imaoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - S Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - T Kamada
- QST Hospital, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Okonogi
- QST Hospital, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - K Ozasa
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - C E Rübe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - A Sadakane
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - R Sakata
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Y Shimada
- National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Aomori, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - S Bouffler
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilto, Didcot, UK
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10
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Abdallah MOE, Algizouli UK, Suliman MA, Abdulrahman RA, Koko M, Fessahaye G, Shakir JH, Fahal AH, Elhassan AM, Ibrahim ME, Mohamed HS. EBV Associated Breast Cancer Whole Methylome Analysis Reveals Viral and Developmental Enriched Pathways. Front Oncol 2018; 8:316. [PMID: 30151354 PMCID: PMC6099083 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) ranks among the most common cancers in Sudan and worldwide with hefty toll on female health and human resources. Recent studies have uncovered a common BC signature characterized by low frequency of oncogenic mutations and high frequency of epigenetic silencing of major BC tumor suppressor genes. Therefore, we conducted a pilot genome-wide methylome study to characterize aberrant DNA methylation in breast cancer. Results: Differential methylation analysis between primary tumor samples and normal samples from healthy adjacent tissues yielded 20,188 differentially methylated positions (DMPs), which is further divided into 13,633 hypermethylated sites corresponding to 5339 genes and 6,555 hypomethylated sites corresponding to 2811 genes. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis revealed epigenetic dysregulation of major developmental pathways including hippo signaling pathway. We also uncovered many clues to a possible role for EBV infection in BC. Conclusion: Our results clearly show the utility of epigenetic assays in interrogating breast cancer tumorigenesis, and pinpointing specific developmental and viral pathways dysregulation that might serve as potential biomarkers or targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad O E Abdallah
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ubai K Algizouli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Maram A Suliman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Rawya A Abdulrahman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mahmoud Koko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ghimja Fessahaye
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Jamal H Shakir
- Department of Surgery, Khartoum Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahmed H Fahal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahmed M Elhassan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Muntaser E Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hiba S Mohamed
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Biology, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Age at first full-term birth and breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 171:421-426. [PMID: 29774471 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the general population, an early age at first full-term birth confers protection against the risk of developing breast cancer. The relationship between age at first birth and breast cancer risk is not clear for women with a mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. Thus, we undertook a case-control study of women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation to study the effects of age at first full-term birth matched for other reproductive factors. METHODS Information about reproductive factors, including age at first birth as well as medical history, was collected from a routinely administered research questionnaire. There were 2,295 matched pairs of women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation included in the final analysis. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the mean age at first full-term birth among the BRCA1 (24.9 vs. 25.2; P = 0.10) or BRCA2 mutation carriers (26.5 vs. 26.6 years; P = 0.80). Findings were similar in the analysis limited to cases who were diagnosed with breast cancer prior to age 45. CONCLUSION This matched analysis of a large number of BRCA mutation carriers suggests that age at first birth has little influence on BRCA1 or BRCA2 breast cancer risk.
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12
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Cohn BA, Cirillo PM, Hopper BR, Siiteri PK. Third Trimester Estrogens and Maternal Breast Cancer: Prospective Evidence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:3739-3748. [PMID: 28973345 PMCID: PMC5630249 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Context Full-term pregnancy is associated with a transient increase and life-time decrease in maternal breast cancer risk. Estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) are in high concentration during the third trimester. E1 and E2 metabolism produces carcinogenic intermediaries, and E3 metabolism does not. Objective We tested the hypothesis that higher E3 in pregnancy is protective while higher E1 plus E2 increases risk. Design Prospective case-cohort study (n = 620; 204 cases) nested in a 38-year follow-up of 15,528 pregnant women in the Child Health and Development Studies. We measured E1, E2, and E3 in archived third trimester serum and estimated associations with breast cancer. Setting Northern California Kaiser members receiving obstetric care from 1959 to 1967. Main Outcome Measure Breast cancer diagnosed through 1997. Results Doubling of E1+E2 was associated with greater risk [hazard ratio (HR), 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2 to 2.4]. In contrast, doubling of E3 or the E3/E1+E2 ratio was associated with protection (HR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.0; HR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4 to 0.8, respectively). Associations were stronger for diagnoses within 15 years after delivery compared with 16 to 38 years (Pinteraction = 0.0002) for gravidas >27 years at delivery vs ≤27 (Pinteraction = 0.01) and for primiparas vs multiparas (Pinteraction = 0.02). Conclusions Relatively high third trimester E3 levels might protect parous women from breast cancer and E1 and E2 might enhance the risk. If findings are confirmed, third trimester pregnancy estrogens could help explain how parity affects breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A. Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, California 94709
| | - Piera M. Cirillo
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, California 94709
| | - Bill R. Hopper
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, California 94709
| | - Pentti K. Siiteri
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, California 94709
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13
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Krause AL, Schuetz F, Boudewijns M, Pritsch M, Wallwiener M, Golatta M, Rom J, Heil J, Sohn C, Schneeweiss A, Beckhove P, Domschke C. Parity improves anti-tumor immunity in breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104981-104991. [PMID: 29285226 PMCID: PMC5739613 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to nulliparous women, parous women have an up to 50% lower lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. An endogenous mechanism to prevent the development of cancer is the destruction of tumor cells by T cells that recognize tumor-associated antigens (TAA). Since a number of TAA are also highly present in the breast and placenta of pregnant women, we investigated the induction and characteristics of spontaneous T cell responses against TAA during pregnancy. To this end, we collected peripheral blood from healthy nulliparous, primigravid and parous women, as well as from breast cancer patients. IFN-γ ELISpot assays were performed to measure the intensity and specificity of T cell responses against 11 different TAA. The impact of TAA-specific Treg cells on anti-TAA responses was assessed by performing the assay before and after depletion of CD4+CD25+ T cells. The antigenic specificities of these Treg cells were analyzed by the Treg specificity assay. Furthermore, we conducted flow cytometric analyses to determine the memory phenotype and cytokine secretion profile of TAA-specific T cells. Our results demonstrate that pregnancy induces functional and long-lived memory and effector T cells that react against multiple TAA. These persist for many decades in parous females, but are not found in age-matched females without children. We also detected TAA-specific Treg cells, which suppressed strong effector T cell responses after delivery. Nulliparous breast cancer patients displayed median TAA-specific effector T cell responses to be decreased threefold compared to parous patients, which could be restored in vitro after depletion of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Krause
- Translational Immunology Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Schuetz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Boudewijns
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Pritsch
- Translational Immunology Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Wallwiener
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Golatta
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Rom
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Sohn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Translational Immunology Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI) and University Medical Center of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Domschke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Hack CC, Emons J, Jud SM, Heusinger K, Adler W, Gass P, Haeberle L, Heindl F, Hein A, Schulz-Wendtland R, Uder M, Hartmann A, Beckmann MW, Fasching PA, Pöhls UG. Association between mammographic density and pregnancies relative to age and BMI: a breast cancer case-only analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 166:701-708. [PMID: 28828694 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Percentage mammographic density (PMD) is a major risk factor for breast cancer (BC). It is strongly associated with body mass index (BMI) and age, which are themselves risk factors for breast cancer. This analysis investigated the association between the number of full-term pregnancies and PMD in different subgroups relative to age and BMI. METHODS Patients were identified in the breast cancer database of the University Breast Center for Franconia. A total of 2410 patients were identified, for whom information on parity, age, and BMI, and a mammogram from the time of first diagnosis were available for assessing PMD. Linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the influence on PMD of the number of full-term pregnancies (FTPs), age, BMI, and interaction terms between them. RESULTS As in previous studies, age, number of FTPs, and BMI were found to be associated with PMD in the expected direction. However, including the respective interaction terms improved the prediction of PMD even further. Specifically, the association between PMD and the number of FTPs differed in young patients under the age of 45 (mean decrease of 0.37 PMD units per pregnancy) from the association in older age groups (mean decrease between 2.29 and 2.39 PMD units). BMI did not alter the association between PMD and the number of FTPs. CONCLUSIONS The effect of pregnancies on mammographic density does not appear to become apparent before the age of menopause. The mechanism that drives the effect of pregnancies on mammographic density appears to be counter-regulated by other influences on mammographic density in younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin C Hack
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen/European Metropolitan Area Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julius Emons
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen/European Metropolitan Area Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Jud
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen/European Metropolitan Area Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Heusinger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen/European Metropolitan Area Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Werner Adler
- Institute of Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul Gass
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen/European Metropolitan Area Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen/European Metropolitan Area Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Heindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen/European Metropolitan Area Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen/European Metropolitan Area Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen/European Metropolitan Area Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen/European Metropolitan Area Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen/European Metropolitan Area Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Uwe G Pöhls
- Practice of Dr. Pöhls, Women's Health Center of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Hair Coloring, Stress, and Smoking Increase the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 17:650-659. [PMID: 28549689 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiologic characteristics of breast cancer in Iran are significantly different from those in the West and even other regional countries, but little is known about the related factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 1052 women (526 new cases and 526 controls). Logistic regression was performed to investigate associations of study factors with breast cancer risk. RESULTS This study introduced occupation (odds ratio [OR]employed/household, 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-2.69), marital age (OR24-30 y/< 18 y, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.03-4.40), age at first delivery (OR≥ 30 y/< 18 y, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.73-7.18), parity (OR1-2/Nulliparous or never married, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.13-6.02), birth interval (OR30-50 mos/< 18 mos, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.45-3.89), lifetime breastfeeding (OR≥ 42 mos/< 6 mos, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18-0.77), and menarche age (year) (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.96) as significant associates of breast cancer. In addition, body mass index (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.11) and some health-related behaviors including hair coloring on a regular basis (ORyes/no, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.41-2.62), smoking (ORyes/no, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.22-3.34), oral contraceptive usage (ORever/never. 1.46; 95% CI, 1.05-2.04), physical inactivity (ORinactive/regular activity, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.39-1.75), past life stress (ORoften stressful/often calm, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.62-3.56), and regular bedtime (ORoften regular/no, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.19-0.54) were related to a higher risk of breast cancer. CONCLUSION This study revealed a significant number of factors that seem to contribute to the risk of breast cancer even more than the other previously introduced factors.
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16
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Reproductive behaviors and risk of developing breast cancer according to tumor subtype: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 49:65-76. [PMID: 27529149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is composed of distinct subtypes defined mainly based on the expression of hormone receptors (HR) and HER2. For years, reproductive factors were shown to impact breast cancer risk but it is unclear whether this differs according to tumor subtype. In this meta-analysis we evaluated the association between parity, age at first birth, breastfeeding and the risk of developing breast cancer according to tumor subtype. METHODS PubMed and Embase were searched to identify epidemiological studies that evaluated the impact of parity and/or age at first birth and/or breastfeeding on breast cancer risk with available information on HR and HER2. Tumor subtypes were defined as: luminal (HR-positive, HER2-negative or HER2-positive), HER2 (HR-negative, HER2-positive) and triple-negative (HR-negative, HER2-negative). Summary risk estimates (pooled OR [pOR]) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random effects models. The MOOSE guidelines were applied. RESULTS This meta-analysis evaluated 15 studies, including 21,941 breast cancer patients and 864,177 controls. Parity was associated with a 25% reduced risk of developing luminal subtype (pOR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.70-0.81; p<0.0001). Advanced age at first birth was associated with an increased risk of developing luminal subtype (pOR 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00-1.32; p=0.05). Ever breastfeeding was associated with a reduced risk of developing both luminal (pOR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; p=0.003) and triple-negative (pOR 0.79, 95% CI, 0.66-0.94; p=0.01) subtypes. CONCLUSIONS The reproductive behaviors impact the risk of developing breast cancer but this varies according to subtype.
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17
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Reproductive factors related to childbearing and mammographic breast density. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 158:351-9. [PMID: 27351801 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the associations of reproductive factors related to childbearing with percent breast density, absolute dense and nondense areas, by menopausal status. This study included 4110 cancer-free women within the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II cohorts. Percent breast density, absolute dense and nondense areas were measured from digitized mammography film images with computerized techniques. All density measures were square root-transformed in all the analyses to improve normality. The data on reproductive variables and other breast cancer risk factors were obtained from biennial questionnaires, at the time of the mammogram date. As compared to nulliparous women, parous postmenopausal women had lower percent density (β = -0.60, 95 % CI -0.84; -0.37), smaller absolute dense area (β = -0.66, 95 % CI -1.03; -0.29), and greater nondense area (β = 0.72, 95 % CI 0.27; 1.16). Among parous women, number of children was inversely associated with percent density in pre- (β per one child = -0.12, 95 % CI -0.20; -0.05) and postmenopausal women (β per one child = -0.07, 95 % CI -0.12; -0.02). The positive associations of breastfeeding with absolute dense and nondense areas were limited to premenopausal women, while the positive association of the age at first child's birth with percent density and the inverse association with nondense area were limited to postmenopausal women. Women with greater number of children and younger age at first child's birth have more favorable breast density patterns that could explain subsequent breast cancer risk reduction.
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18
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Murphy J, Sherman ME, Browne EP, Caballero AI, Punska EC, Pfeiffer RM, Yang HP, Lee M, Yang H, Gierach GL, Arcaro KF. Potential of breastmilk analysis to inform early events in breast carcinogenesis: rationale and considerations. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 157:13-22. [PMID: 27107568 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes methods related to the study of human breastmilk in etiologic and biomarkers research. Despite the importance of reproductive factors in breast carcinogenesis, factors that act early in life are difficult to study because young women rarely require breast imaging or biopsy, and analysis of critical circulating factors (e.g., hormones) is often complicated by the requirement to accurately account for menstrual cycle date. Accordingly, novel approaches are needed to understand how events such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, weaning, and post-weaning breast remodeling influence breast cancer risk. Analysis of breastmilk offers opportunities to understand mechanisms related to carcinogenesis in the breast, and to identify risk markers that may inform efforts to identify high-risk women early in the carcinogenic process. In addition, analysis of breastmilk could have value in early detection or diagnosis of breast cancer. In this article, we describe the potential for using breastmilk to characterize the microenvironment of the lactating breast with the goal of advancing research on risk assessment, prevention, and detection of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Murphy
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Breast and Gynecologic Cancer Research Group, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Office Number: 5E-332, Rockville, MD, 20892-9712, USA.
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eva P Browne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ana I Caballero
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Punska
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maxwell Lee
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Howard Yang
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen F Arcaro
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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19
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Imaoka T, Ishii N, Kawaguchi I, Homma-Takeda S, Doi K, Daino K, Nakanishi I, Tagami K, Kokubo T, Morioka T, Hosoki A, Takabatake M, Yoshinaga S. Biological measures to minimize the risk of radiotherapy-associated second cancer: A research perspective. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:289-301. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1152413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
- Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Ishii
- Waste Management Research Team, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
| | - Isao Kawaguchi
- Regulatory Sciences Research Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shino Homma-Takeda
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
- Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Doi
- Regulatory Sciences Research Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
- Project for Human Health, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Daino
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
- Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Advanced Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiko Tagami
- Waste Management Research Team, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kokubo
- Department of Technical Support and Development, Research Development and Support Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Morioka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
- Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hosoki
- Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Takabatake
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinji Yoshinaga
- Regulatory Sciences Research Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
- Project for Human Health, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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20
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Gehring C, Siepmann T, Heidegger H, Jeschke U. The controversial role of human chorionic gonadotropin in the development of breast cancer and other types of tumors. Breast 2016; 26:135-40. [PMID: 27017252 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most often diagnosed tumor of women and one of the leading cause of cancer related death. Due to different known risk factors there are epidemiological differences. Beside genetic disorders and patient's age it is especially the age of the first full-term pregnancy and in this context the pregnancy hormone human chorionic gonadotropin that seems to play an important role. METHODS This review is based on a PubMed research in publications of the last 20 years. Only articles in English language were considered. RESULTS The effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on development of cancer is controversial. In fact, for breast cancer there is evidence that this hormone has a protective effect against tumorigenesis due the differentiation of the mammary tissue after a full term pregnancy through the downregulation of estrogen receptors. CONCLUSION Human chorionic gonadotropin has among promoting pregnancy important controversial functions especially in tumor development. The mechanisms that explain the pro- and anti-carcinogenic effects are not fully understood yet. It seems to have a protective effect on breast cancer through increasing differentiation and hereby decreasing susceptibility of the mammary tissue for toxicants. This knowledge might help developing a preventive agent in the next future that uses the anti-carcinogenic effect of human chorionic gonadotropin and thereby decrease the mortality out of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gehring
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Maistrasse 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Timo Siepmann
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Freiberger Str. 37, 01067 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Helene Heidegger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Maistrasse 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Maistrasse 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
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Casarini L, Santi D, Marino M. Impact of gene polymorphisms of gonadotropins and their receptors on human reproductive success. Reproduction 2015; 150:R175-84. [PMID: 26370242 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropins and their receptors' genes carry several single-nucleotide polymorphisms resulting in endocrine genotypes modulating reproductive parameters, diseases, and lifespan leading to important implications for reproductive success and potential relevance during human evolution. Here we illustrate common genotypes of the gonadotropins and gonadotropin receptors' genes and their clinical implications in phenotypes relevant for reproduction such as ovarian cycle length, age of menopause, testosterone levels, polycystic ovary syndrome, and cancer. We then discuss their possible role in human reproduction and adaptation to the environment. Gonadotropins and their receptors' variants are differently distributed among human populations. Some hints suggest that they may be the result of natural selection that occurred in ancient times, increasing the individual chance of successful mating, pregnancy, and effective post-natal parental cares. The gender-related differences in the regulation of the reproductive endocrine systems imply that many of these genotypes may lead to sex-dependent effects, increasing the chance of mating and reproductive success in one sex at the expenses of the other sex. Also, we suggest that sexual conflicts within the FSH and LH-choriogonadotropin receptor genes contributed to maintain genotypes linked to subfertility among humans. Because the distribution of polymorphic markers results in a defined geographical pattern due to human migrations rather than natural selection, these polymorphisms may have had only a weak impact on reproductive success. On the contrary, such genotypes could acquire relevant consequences in the modern, developed societies in which parenthood attempts often occur at a later age, during a short, suboptimal reproductive window, making clinical fertility treatments necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesCenter for Genomic ResearchUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi, 287, 41125 Modena, ItalyAzienda USL of ModenaNOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesCenter for Genomic ResearchUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi, 287, 41125 Modena, ItalyAzienda USL of ModenaNOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Santi
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesCenter for Genomic ResearchUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi, 287, 41125 Modena, ItalyAzienda USL of ModenaNOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesCenter for Genomic ResearchUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi, 287, 41125 Modena, ItalyAzienda USL of ModenaNOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Marino
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesCenter for Genomic ResearchUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi, 287, 41125 Modena, ItalyAzienda USL of ModenaNOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesCenter for Genomic ResearchUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi, 287, 41125 Modena, ItalyAzienda USL of ModenaNOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
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