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Chavanton A, Mialhe F, Abrey J, Baeza Garcia A, Garrido C. LAG-3 : recent developments in combinational therapies in cancer. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:2494-2505. [PMID: 38702996 PMCID: PMC11309939 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of anticancer immune responses and in particular the action of immune checkpoint inhibitors that overcome T cell inhibition has revolutionized metastatic patients' care. Unfortunately, many patients are resistant to these innovative immunotherapies. Over the last decade, several immune checkpoint inhibitors, currently available in the clinic, have been developed, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 or anti-CTLA-4. More recently, other immune checkpoints have been characterized, among them lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3). LAG-3 has been the subject of numerous therapeutic studies and may be involved in cancer-associated immune resistance phenomena. This review summarizes the latest knowledge on LAG-3 as an immunotherapeutic target, particularly in combination with standard or innovative therapies. Indeed, many studies are looking at combining LAG-3 inhibitors with chemotherapeutic, immunotherapeutic, radiotherapeutic treatments, or adoptive cell therapies to potentiate their antitumor effects and/or to overcome patients' resistance. We will particularly focus on the association therapies that are currently in phase III clinical trials and innovative combinations in preclinical phase. These new discoveries highlight the possibility of developing other types of therapeutic combinations currently unavailable in the clinic, which could broaden the therapeutic spectrum of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Chavanton
- INSERM, UMR 1231Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer »DijonFrance
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité de BourgogneDijonFrance
| | - Flavie Mialhe
- INSERM, UMR 1231Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer »DijonFrance
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité de BourgogneDijonFrance
| | - Jimena Abrey
- INSERM, UMR 1231Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer »DijonFrance
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité de BourgogneDijonFrance
| | - Alvaro Baeza Garcia
- INSERM, UMR 1231Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer »DijonFrance
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité de BourgogneDijonFrance
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM, UMR 1231Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC and « Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer »DijonFrance
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité de BourgogneDijonFrance
- Center for Cancer Georges‐François LeclercDijonFrance
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2
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Schlenker R, Schwalie PC, Dettling S, Huesser T, Irmisch A, Mariani M, Martínez Gómez JM, Ribeiro A, Limani F, Herter S, Yángüez E, Hoves S, Somandin J, Siebourg-Polster J, Kam-Thong T, de Matos IG, Umana P, Dummer R, Levesque MP, Bacac M. Myeloid-T cell interplay and cell state transitions associated with checkpoint inhibitor response in melanoma. MED 2024; 5:759-779.e7. [PMID: 38593812 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, has greatly benefited from immunotherapy. However, many patients do not show a durable response, which is only partially explained by known resistance mechanisms. METHODS We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of tumor immune infiltrates and matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 22 checkpoint inhibitor (CPI)-naive stage III-IV metastatic melanoma patients. After sample collection, the same patients received CPI treatment, and their response was assessed. FINDINGS CPI responders showed high levels of classical monocytes in peripheral blood, which preferentially transitioned toward CXCL9-expressing macrophages in tumors. Trajectories of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells diverged at the level of effector memory/stem-like T cells, with non-responder cells progressing into a state characterized by cellular stress and apoptosis-related gene expression. Consistently, predicted non-responder-enriched myeloid-T/natural killer cell interactions were primarily immunosuppressive, while responder-enriched interactions were supportive of T cell priming and effector function. CONCLUSIONS Our study illustrates that the tumor immune microenvironment prior to CPI treatment can be indicative of response. In perspective, modulating the myeloid and/or effector cell compartment by altering the described cell interactions and transitions could improve immunotherapy response. FUNDING This research was funded by Roche Pharma Research and Early Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Schlenker
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Penzberg, Germany.
| | | | - Steffen Dettling
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Penzberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Huesser
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anja Irmisch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marisa Mariani
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Julia M Martínez Gómez
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alison Ribeiro
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Florian Limani
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Herter
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Emilio Yángüez
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Hoves
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jitka Somandin
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Pablo Umana
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
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Shogase N, Minowa T, Kato J, Horimoto K, Sato S, Hida T, Hirohashi Y, Torigoe T, Uhara H. Characterization of CD4 T-cell phenotype in human leukocyte antigen class II-positive acral melanoma. J Dermatol 2024; 51:e170-e172. [PMID: 38078503 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nayuha Shogase
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Minowa
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junji Kato
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohei Horimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sayuri Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tokimasa Hida
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Uhara
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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4
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Guo W, Peng D, Liao Y, Lou L, Guo M, Li C, Yu W, Tian X, Wang G, Lv P, Zuo J, Shen H, Li Y. Upregulation of HLA-II related to LAG-3 +CD4 + T cell infiltration is associated with patient outcome in human glioblastoma. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1388-1404. [PMID: 38480275 PMCID: PMC11093187 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant diffuse glioma of the brain. Although immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as programmed cell death protein (PD)-1/PD ligand-1 inhibitors, has revolutionized the treatment of several cancers, the clinical benefit in GBM patients has been limited. Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) binding to human leukocyte antigen-II (HLA-II) plays an essential role in triggering CD4+ T cell exhaustion and could interfere with the efficiency of anti-PD-1 treatment; however, the value of LAG-3-HLA-II interactions in ICI immunotherapy for GBM patients has not yet been analyzed. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression and regulation of HLA-II in human GBM samples and the correlation with LAG-3+CD4+ T cell infiltration. Human leukocyte antigen-II was highly expressed in GBM and correlated with increased LAG-3+CD4+ T cell infiltration in the stroma. Additionally, HLA-IIHighLAG-3High was associated with worse patient survival. Increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression was observed in GBM, which was correlated with high levels of HLA-II and LAG-3+ T cell infiltration in stroma. HLA-IIHighIL-10High GBM associated with LAG-3+ T cells infiltration synergistically showed shorter overall survival in patients. Combined anti-LAG-3 and anti-IL-10 treatment inhibited tumor growth in a mouse brain GL261 tumor model. In vitro, CD68+ macrophages upregulated HLA-II expression in GBM cells through tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Blocking TNF-α-dependent inflammation inhibited tumor growth in a mouse GBM model. In summary, T cell-tumor cell interactions, such as LAG-3-HLA-II, could confer an immunosuppressive environment in human GBM, leading to poor prognosis in patients. Therefore, targeting the LAG-3-HLA-II interaction could be beneficial in ICI immunotherapy to improve the clinical outcome of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Guo
- Department of PathologyThe Second Hospital, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
- Laboratory of PathologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Daijun Peng
- Department of PathologyThe Second Hospital, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yuee Liao
- Department of PathologyThe Second Hospital, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Lei Lou
- Department of PathologyThe Second Hospital, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Moran Guo
- Department of NeurologySecond Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Chen Li
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Wangyang Yu
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Xiaoxi Tian
- Department of PathologyThe Second Hospital, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Guohui Wang
- Department of PathologyThe Second Hospital, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Ping Lv
- Department of PharmacologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Jing Zuo
- Department of OncologyThe Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Haitao Shen
- Laboratory of PathologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Microecological Metabolism RegulationHebei UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Yuehong Li
- Department of PathologyThe Second Hospital, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
- Laboratory of PathologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
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5
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Alim LF, Keane C, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F. Molecular mechanisms of tumour necrosis factor signalling via TNF receptor 1 and TNF receptor 2 in the tumour microenvironment. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 86:102409. [PMID: 38154421 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a primary mediator of inflammatory processes by facilitating cell death, immune cell activation and triggering of inflammation. In the cancer context, research has revealed TNF as a multifaceted cytokine that can be both pro- or anti-tumorigenic depending on what context is observed. We explore the plethora of ways that TNF and its receptors manipulate the functional and phenotypic characteristics in the tumour microenvironment (TME) on both tumour cells and immune cells, promoting either tumour elimination or progression. Here, we discuss the latest cutting-edge TNF-focused biologics currently in clinical translation that modifies the TME to derive greater immune responses and therapeutic outcomes, and further give perspectives on the future of targeting TNF in the context of cancer by emerging technological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa F Alim
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Colm Keane
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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Amrane K, Le Meur C, Besse B, Hemon P, Le Noac’h P, Pradier O, Berthou C, Abgral R, Uguen A. HLA-DR expression in melanoma: from misleading therapeutic target to potential immunotherapy biomarker. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1285895. [PMID: 38299143 PMCID: PMC10827890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the advent of anti-PD1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy, cutaneous melanoma has undergone a true revolution with prolonged survival, as available 5-year updates for progression-free survival and overall survival demonstrate a durable clinical benefit for melanoma patients receiving ICI. However, almost half of patients fail to respond to treatment, or relapse sooner or later after the initial response to therapy. Little is known about the reasons for these failures. The identification of biomarkers seems necessary to better understand this resistance. Among these biomarkers, HLA-DR, a component of MHC II and abnormally expressed in certain tumor types including melanoma for unknown reasons, seems to be an interesting marker. The aim of this review, prepared by an interdisciplinary group of experts, is to take stock of the current literature on the potential interest of HLA-DR expression in melanoma as a predictive biomarker of ICI outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Amrane
- Department of Oncology, Regional Hospital of Morlaix, Morlaix, France
- Inserm, Unité mixte de recherche (UMR1227), Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Univ Brest, Inserm, LabEx Immunotherapy-Graft-Oncology (IGO), Brest, France
| | - Coline Le Meur
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Centre, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Patrice Hemon
- Inserm, Unité mixte de recherche (UMR1227), Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Univ Brest, Inserm, LabEx Immunotherapy-Graft-Oncology (IGO), Brest, France
| | - Pierre Le Noac’h
- Inserm, Unité mixte de recherche (UMR1227), Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Univ Brest, Inserm, LabEx Immunotherapy-Graft-Oncology (IGO), Brest, France
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Olivier Pradier
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Christian Berthou
- Inserm, Unité mixte de recherche (UMR1227), Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Univ Brest, Inserm, LabEx Immunotherapy-Graft-Oncology (IGO), Brest, France
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Ronan Abgral
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
- UMR Inserm 1304 Groupe d'Étude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale (GETBO), IFR 148, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
| | - Arnaud Uguen
- Inserm, Unité mixte de recherche (UMR1227), Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Univ Brest, Inserm, LabEx Immunotherapy-Graft-Oncology (IGO), Brest, France
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
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7
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Malyshkina A, Brüggemann A, Paschen A, Dittmer U. Cytotoxic CD4 + T cells in chronic viral infections and cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1271236. [PMID: 37965314 PMCID: PMC10642198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells play an important role in immune responses against pathogens and cancer cells. Although their main task is to provide help to other effector immune cells, a growing number of infections and cancer entities have been described in which CD4+ T cells exhibit direct effector functions against infected or transformed cells. The most important cell type in this context are cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4+ CTL). In infectious diseases anti-viral CD4+ CTL are mainly found in chronic viral infections. Here, they often compensate for incomplete or exhausted CD8+ CTL responses. The induction of CD4+ CTL is counter-regulated by Tregs, most likely because they can be dangerous inducers of immunopathology. In viral infections, CD4+ CTL often kill via the Fas/FasL pathway, but they can also facilitate the exocytosis pathway of killing. Thus, they are very important effectors to keep persistent virus in check and guarantee host survival. In contrast to viral infections CD4+ CTL attracted attention as direct anti-tumor effectors in solid cancers only recently. Anti-tumor CD4+ CTL are defined by the expression of cytolytic markers and have been detected within the lymphocyte infiltrates of different human cancers. They kill tumor cells in an antigen-specific MHC class II-restricted manner not only by cytolysis but also by release of IFNγ. Thus, CD4+ CTL are interesting tools for cure approaches in chronic viral infections and cancer, but their potential to induce immunopathology has to be carefully taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malyshkina
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alicia Brüggemann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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8
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Draghi A, Presti M, Jensen AWP, Chamberlain CA, Albieri B, Rasmussen ACK, Andersen MH, Crowther MD, Svane IM, Donia M. Uncoupling CD4+ TIL-Mediated Tumor Killing from JAK-Signaling in Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3937-3947. [PMID: 37126006 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Impaired MHCI-presentation and insensitivity to immune effector molecules are common features of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-resistant tumors and can be, respectively, associated with loss of β2 microglobulin (B2M) or impaired IFNγ signaling. Patients with ICB-resistant tumors can respond to alternative immunotherapies, such as infusion of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). CD4+ T cells can exert cytotoxic functions against tumor cells; however, it is unclear whether CD4+ T-cell responses can be exploited to improve the clinical outcomes of patients affected by ICB-resistant tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here, we exploited CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 gene editing to reproduce immune-resistant tumor phenotypes via gene knockout (KO). To determine the role of cytotoxic CD4+ TILs in ICB-resistant tumors, we investigated CD4+ TIL-mediated cytotoxicity in matched pairs of TILs and autologous melanoma cell lines, used as a model of patient-specific immune-tumor interaction. Around 40% of melanomas constitutively express MHC Class II molecules; hence, melanomas with or without natural constitutive MHC Class II expression (MHCIIconst+ or MHCIIconst-) were used. RESULTS CD4+ TIL-mediated cytotoxicity was not affected by B2M loss but was dependent on the expression of CIITA. MHCIIconst+ melanomas were killed by tumor-specific CD4+ TILs even in the absence of IFNγ-mediated MHCII upregulation, whereas IFNγ was necessary for CD4+ TIL-mediated cytotoxicity against MHCIIconst- melanomas. Notably, although tumor-specific CD4+ TILs did not kill JAK1KO MHCIIconst- melanomas even after IFNγ stimulation, sensitivity to CD4+ TIL-mediated cytotoxicity was maintained by JAK1KO MHCIIconst+ melanomas. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data indicate that exploiting tumor-specific cytotoxic CD4+ TILs could help overcome resistance to ICB mediated by IFNγ-signaling loss in MHCIIconst+ melanomas. See related commentary by Betof Warner and Luke, p. 3829.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Draghi
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mario Presti
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Agnete W P Jensen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christopher A Chamberlain
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Benedetta Albieri
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anne-Christine K Rasmussen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mads H Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Michael D Crowther
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Zhang Q, Xu M. EBV-induced T-cell responses in EBV-specific and nonspecific cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250946. [PMID: 37841280 PMCID: PMC10576448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human tumor virus associated with various malignancies, including B-lymphoma, NK and T-lymphoma, and epithelial carcinoma. It infects B lymphocytes and epithelial cells within the oropharynx and establishes persistent infection in memory B cells. With a balanced virus-host interaction, most individuals carry EBV asymptomatically because of the lifelong surveillance by T cell immunity against EBV. A stable anti-EBV T cell repertoire is maintained in memory at high frequency in the blood throughout persistent EBV infection. Patients with impaired T cell immunity are more likely to develop life-threatening lymphoproliferative disorders, highlighting the critical role of T cells in achieving the EBV-host balance. Recent studies reveal that the EBV protein, LMP1, triggers robust T-cell responses against multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in B cells. Additionally, EBV-specific T cells have been identified in EBV-unrelated cancers, raising questions about their role in antitumor immunity. Herein, we summarize T-cell responses in EBV-related cancers, considering latency patterns, host immune status, and factors like human leukocyte antigen (HLA) susceptibility, which may affect immune outcomes. We discuss EBV-induced TAA-specific T cell responses and explore the potential roles of EBV-specific T cell subsets in tumor microenvironments. We also describe T-cell immunotherapy strategies that harness EBV antigens, ranging from EBV-specific T cells to T cell receptor-engineered T cells. Lastly, we discuss the involvement of γδ T-cells in EBV infection and associated diseases, aiming to elucidate the comprehensive interplay between EBV and T-cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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10
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Kuras M. Exploring the Complex and Multifaceted Interplay between Melanoma Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14403. [PMID: 37762707 PMCID: PMC10531837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a very aggressive skin cancer, characterized by a heterogeneous nature and high metastatic potential. The incidence of melanoma is continuously increasing worldwide, and it is one of the most common cancers in young adults. In the past twenty years, our understanding of melanoma biology has increased profoundly, and disease management for patients with disseminated disease has improved due to the emergence of immunotherapy and targeted therapy. However, a significant fraction of patients relapse or do not respond adequately to treatment. This can partly be explained by the complex signaling between the tumor and its microenvironment, giving rise to melanoma phenotypes with different patterns of disease progression. This review focuses on the key aspects and complex relationship between pathogenesis, genetic abnormalities, tumor microenvironment, cellular plasticity, and metabolic reprogramming in melanoma. By acquiring a deeper understanding of the multifaceted features of melanomagenesis, we can reach a point of more individualized and patient-centered disease management and reduced costs of ineffective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kuras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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11
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Davidson G, Helleux A, Vano YA, Lindner V, Fattori A, Cerciat M, Elaidi RT, Verkarre V, Sun CM, Chevreau C, Bennamoun M, Lang H, Tricard T, Fridman WH, Sautes-Fridman C, Su X, Plassard D, Keime C, Thibault-Carpentier C, Barthelemy P, Oudard SM, Davidson I, Malouf GG. Mesenchymal-like Tumor Cells and Myofibroblastic Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Are Associated with Progression and Immunotherapy Response of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:2952-2969. [PMID: 37335139 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represent the cornerstone for the treatment of patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Despite a favorable response for a subset of patients, others experience primary progressive disease, highlighting the need to precisely understand the plasticity of cancer cells and their cross-talk with the microenvironment to better predict therapeutic response and personalize treatment. Single-cell RNA sequencing of ccRCC at different disease stages and normal adjacent tissue (NAT) from patients identified 46 cell populations, including 5 tumor subpopulations, characterized by distinct transcriptional signatures representing an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition gradient and a novel inflamed state. Deconvolution of the tumor and microenvironment signatures in public data sets and data from the BIONIKK clinical trial (NCT02960906) revealed a strong correlation between mesenchymal-like ccRCC cells and myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblasts (myCAF), which are both enriched in metastases and correlate with poor patient survival. Spatial transcriptomics and multiplex immune staining uncovered the spatial proximity of mesenchymal-like ccRCC cells and myCAFs at the tumor-NAT interface. Moreover, enrichment in myCAFs was associated with primary resistance to ICI therapy in the BIONIKK clinical trial. These data highlight the epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity of ccRCC cancer cells and their relationship with myCAFs, a critical component of the microenvironment associated with poor outcome and ICI resistance. SIGNIFICANCE Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal the proximity of mesenchymal tumor cells to myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblasts and their association with disease outcome and immune checkpoint inhibitor response in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Davidson
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, Illkirch, France
| | - Alexandra Helleux
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, Illkirch, France
| | - Yann A Vano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, APHP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Lindner
- Department of Pathology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Antonin Fattori
- Department of Pathology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Cerciat
- Genomeast platform, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Reza T Elaidi
- Association pour la Recherche sur les Thérapeutiques Innovantes en Cancérologie, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Verkarre
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, APHP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Cheng-Ming Sun
- Centre des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Christine Chevreau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Mostefa Bennamoun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Lang
- Department of Urology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thibault Tricard
- Department of Urology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Wolf H Fridman
- Centre des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautes-Fridman
- Centre des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Damien Plassard
- Genomeast platform, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Celine Keime
- Genomeast platform, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Christelle Thibault-Carpentier
- Genomeast platform, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Philippe Barthelemy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Strasbourg University, Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane M Oudard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, APHP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, Illkirch, France
| | - Gabriel G Malouf
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, Illkirch, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Strasbourg University, Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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12
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Schindler NR, Braun DA. Antigenic targets in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. KIDNEY CANCER 2023; 7:81-91. [PMID: 38014393 PMCID: PMC10475986 DOI: 10.3233/kca-230006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the management of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but most patients still do not receive a long-term benefit from these therapies, and many experience off-target, immune-related adverse effects. RCC is also different from many other ICI-responsive tumors, as it has only a modest mutation burden, and total neoantigen load does not correlate with ICI response. In order to improve the efficacy and safety of immunotherapies for RCC, it is therefore critical to identify the antigens that are targeted in effective anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we describe the potential classes of target antigens, and provide examples of previous and ongoing efforts to investigate and target antigens in RCC, with a focus on clear cell histology. Ultimately, we believe that a concerted antigen discovery effort in RCC will enable an improved understanding of response and resistance to current therapies, and lay a foundation for the future development of "precision" antigen-directed immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Schindler
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David A. Braun
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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13
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Yadav R, Hakobyan N, Wang JC. Role of Next Generation Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) Therapy in Philadelphia Negative Classic Myeloproliferative Neoplasm (MPN): Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12502. [PMID: 37569880 PMCID: PMC10420159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph-) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), which include essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and myelofibrosis (MF), are enduring and well-known conditions. These disorders are characterized by the abnormal growth of one or more hematopoietic cell lineages in the body's stem cells, leading to the enlargement of organs and the manifestation of constitutional symptoms. Numerous studies have provided evidence indicating that the pathogenesis of these diseases involves the dysregulation of the immune system and the presence of chronic inflammation, both of which are significant factors. Lately, the treatment of cancer including hematological malignancy has progressed on the agents aiming for the immune system, cytokine environment, immunotherapy agents, and targeted immune therapy. Immune checkpoints are the molecules that regulate T cell function in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The first line of primary immune checkpoints are programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICIT) exerts its anti-tumor actions by blocking the inhibitory pathways in T cells and has reformed cancer treatment. Despite the impressive clinical success of ICIT, tumor internal resistance poses a challenge for oncologists leading to a low response rate in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. A Phase II trial on nivolumab for patients with post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis, primary myelofibrosis, or post-polycythemia myelofibrosis was performed (Identifier: NCT02421354). This trial tested the efficacy of a PD-1 blockade agent, namely nivolumab, but was terminated prematurely due to adverse events and lack of efficacy. A multicenter, Phase II, single-arm open-label study was conducted including pembrolizumab in patients with primary thrombocythemia, post-essential thrombocythemia or post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis that were ineligible for or were previously treated with ruxolitinib. This study showed that pembrolizumab treatment did not have many adverse events, but there were no pertinent clinical responses hence it was terminated after the first stage was completed. To avail the benefits from immunotherapy, the paradigm has shifted to new immune checkpoints in the TME such as lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), V-domain immunoglobulin-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), and human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2 (HHLA2) forming the basis of next-generation ICIT. The primary aim of this article is to underscore and elucidate the significance of next-generation ICIT in the context of MPN. Specifically, we aim to explore the potential of monoclonal antibodies as targeted immunotherapy and the development of vaccines targeting specific MPN epitopes, with the intent of augmenting tumor-related immune responses. It is anticipated that these therapeutic modalities rooted in immunotherapy will not only expand but also enhance the existing treatment regimens for patients afflicted with MPN. Preliminary studies from our laboratory showed over-expressed MDSC and over-expressed VISTA in MDSC, and in progenitor and immune cells directing the need for more clinical trials using next-generation ICI in the treatment of MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Yadav
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA; (R.Y.); (N.H.)
| | - Narek Hakobyan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA; (R.Y.); (N.H.)
| | - Jen-Chin Wang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA
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14
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Astore S, Baciarello G, Cerbone L, Calabrò F. Primary and acquired resistance to first-line therapy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:517-546. [PMID: 37842234 PMCID: PMC10571064 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of first-line combinations had improved the outcomes for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) compared to sunitinib. However, some patients either have inherent resistance or develop resistance as a result of the treatment. Depending on the kind of therapy employed, many factors underlie resistance to systemic therapy. Angiogenesis and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), nevertheless, are inextricably linked. Although angiogenesis and the manipulation of the tumor microenvironment are linked to hypoxia, which emerges as a hallmark of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) pathogenesis, it is only one of the potential elements involved in the distinctive intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity of RCC that is still dynamic. We may be able to more correctly predict therapy response and comprehend the mechanisms underlying primary or acquired resistance by integrating tumor genetic and immunological markers. In order to provide tools for patient selection and to generate hypotheses for the development of new strategies to overcome resistance, we reviewed the most recent research on the mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR).We can choose patients' treatments and cancer preventive strategies using an evolutionary approach thanks to the few evolutionary trajectories that characterize ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Astore
- Medical Oncology, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome 00152, Italy
| | | | - Linda Cerbone
- Medical Oncology, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome 00152, Italy
| | - Fabio Calabrò
- Medical Oncology, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome 00152, Italy
- Medical Oncology, IRCSS, National Cancer Institute Regina Elena, Rome 00128, Italy
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15
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Ibrahim R, Saleh K, Chahine C, Khoury R, Khalife N, Cesne AL. LAG-3 Inhibitors: Novel Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Changing the Landscape of Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1878. [PMID: 37509517 PMCID: PMC10377063 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important steps forward in the management of cancer was the discovery of immunotherapy. It has become an essential pillar in the treatment paradigm of cancer patients. Unfortunately, despite the various options presented with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the benefit is still limited to select patients and the vast majority of these patients gain either minimal benefit or eventually progress, leaving an unmet need for the development of novel therapeutic agents and strategies. Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), an immune checkpoint receptor protein, is a molecule found on the surface of activated T-cells. It plays a major role in negatively regulating T-cell function thereby providing tumors with an immune escape in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Given its importance in regulating the immune system, LAG-3 has been considered as a promising target in oncology and precision medicine. To date, two LAG-3-directed agents (eftilagimod alpha and relatlimab) have been approved in combination with programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors in the setting of advanced solid tumors. In this review, we discuss the structure of LAG-3, its mechanism of action, and its interaction with its ligands. We also shed light on the emerging treatments targeting LAG-3 for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ibrahim
- International Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Khalil Saleh
- International Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Claude Chahine
- International Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Rita Khoury
- International Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Nadine Khalife
- Department of head and neck Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Axel Le Cesne
- International Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France
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16
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Lan X, Yang TTC, Wang Y, Qu B, Rong S, Song N. Characterization of 405B8H3(D-E), a newly engineered high affinity chimeric LAG-3 antibody with potent antitumor activity. FEBS Open Bio 2023. [PMID: 37302810 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is a type I transmembrane protein with structural similarities to CD4. Overexpression of LAG-3 enables cancer cells to escape immune surveillance, while its blockade reinvigorates exhausted T cells and strengthens anti-infection immunity. Blockade of LAG-3 may have antitumor effects. Here, we generated a novel anti-LAG-3 chimeric antibody, 405B8H3(D-E), through hybridoma technology from monoclonal antibodies produced in mice. The heavy-chain variable region of the selected mouse antibody was grafted onto a human IgG4 scaffold, while a modified light-chain variable region was coupled to the human kappa light-chain constant region. 405B8H3(D-E) could effectively bind LAG-3-expressing HEK293 cells. Moreover, it could bind cynomolgus monkey (cyno) LAG-3 expressed on HEK293 cells with a higher affinity than the reference anti-LAG-3 antibody BMS-986016. Furthermore, 405B8H3(D-E) promoted interleukin-2 secretion and was able to block the interactions of LAG-3 with liver sinusoidal endothelial cell lectin and major histocompatibility complex II molecules. Finally, 405B8H3(D-E) combined with anti-mPD-1-antibody showed effective therapeutic potential in the MC38 tumor mouse model. Therefore, 405B8H3(D-E) is likely to be a promising candidate therapeutic antibody for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Lan
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, China
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co., Ltd., China
| | | | | | - Baoyuan Qu
- Jiangsu Huaiyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China
| | - Shaofeng Rong
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, China
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17
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Manzari Tavakoli G, Mirzapour MH, Razi S, Rezaei N. Targeting ferroptosis as a cell death pathway in Melanoma: From molecular mechanisms to skin cancer treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110215. [PMID: 37094541 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, the most aggressive form of human skin cancer, has been under investigation to reach the most efficient treatment. Surgical resection for early-diagnosed primary melanoma, targeted therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced/metastatic melanoma is the best clinical approach. Ferroptosis, a newly identified iron-dependent cell death pathway, which is morphologically and biochemically different from apoptosis and necrosis, has been reported to be involved in several cancers. Ferroptosis inducers could provide therapeutic options in case of resistance to conventional therapies for advanced/metastatic melanoma. Recently developed ferroptosis inducers, MEK and BRAF inhibitors, miRNAs such as miR-137 and miR-9, and novel strategies for targeting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II in melanoma can provide new opportunities for melanoma treatment. Combining ferroptosis inducers with targeted therapies or immune checkpoint inhibitors increases patient response rates. Here we review the mechanisms of ferroptosis and its environmental triggers. We also discuss the pathogenesis and current treatments of melanoma. Moreover, we aim to elucidate the relationship between ferroptosis and melanoma and ferroptosis implications to develop new therapeutic strategies against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Manzari Tavakoli
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirzapour
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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Ozono T, Kimura Y, Suenaga T, Beck G, Jinno J, Aguirre C, Ikenaka K, Krainc D, Mochizuki H, Arase H. Extracellular transportation of α-synuclein by HLA class II molecules. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 644:25-33. [PMID: 36621149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates in form of Lewy bodies. Genome-wide association studies have revealed that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II is a PD-associated gene, although the mechanisms linking HLA class II and PD remain elusive. Here, we identified a novel function of HLA class II in the transport of intracellular α-synuclein to the outside of cells. HLA class II molecules and α-synuclein formed complexes and moved to the cell surface at various degrees among HLA-DR alleles. HLA-DR with a DRB5∗01:01 allele, a putative PD-risk allele, substantially translocated normal and conformationally abnormal α-synuclein to the cell surface and extracellular vesicles. α-Synuclein/HLA class II complexes were found in A2058 melanoma cells, which express intrinsic α-synuclein and HLA-DR with DRB5∗01:01. Our findings will expand our knowledge of unconventional HLA class II function from autoimmune diseases to neurodegenerative disorders, shedding light on the association between the GWAS-prioritized PD-risk gene HLA-DR and α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Ozono
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Suenaga
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Goichi Beck
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jyunki Jinno
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - César Aguirre
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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19
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Zhang Q, Gao Y, Lin S, Goldin LR, Wang Y, Stevenson H, Edelman DC, Killian K, Marti G, Meltzer PS, Xiang S, Caporaso NE. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Front Genet 2023; 13:1056043. [PMID: 36712882 PMCID: PMC9873975 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1056043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: DNA methylation aberrations are widespread among the malignant B lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), suggesting that DNA methylation might contribute to the pathogenesis of CLL. Aim: We aimed to explore the differentially methylated positions (DMPs) associated with CLL and screen the differentially methylated and expressed genes (DMEGs) by combining public databases. We aimed to observe the direction of each DMEG in CLL based on the DMPs in the promoter and the body region respectively to narrow down DMEGs. We also aimed to explore the methylation heterogeneity of CLL subgroups and the effect of B cells maturation on CLL. Methods: In this population-based case control study, we reported a genome-wide DNA methylation association study using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip, profiling the DNA methylation of CD19+ B Cells from 48 CLL cases and 28 healthy controls. By integrating methylation data and expression data from public databases, gene sets were jointly screened, and then the relationship between methylation sites in promoter and body region and expression of each gene was explored. In addition, support vector machine (SVM) classification algorithm was used to identify subgroups of CLL cases based on methylation pattern, and the effect of B-cell differentiation related methylation sites on CLL-related sites was observed. Results: We identified 34,797 DMPs related to CLL across the genome, most of which were hypomethylated; the majority were located in gene body regions. By combining these DMPs with published DNA methylation and RNA sequencing data, we detected 26,244 replicated DMPs associated with 1,130 genes whose expression were significantly different in CLL cases. Among these DMEGs, nine low expressed DMEGs were selected with hypermethylated in promoter and hypomethylated in body region, and 83 high expressed DMEGs were selected with both hypomethylated in promoter and body region. The 48 CLL cases were divided into 3 subgroups based on methylation site by SVM algorithm. Over 92% of CpGs associated with B cell subtypes were found in CLL-related DMPs. Conclusion: The DNA methylation pattern was altered across the genome in CLL patients. The methylation of ZAP70, FMOD, and ADAMTS17 was significantly different between CLL cases and controls. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings and identify the underlying mechanisms through which these methylation markers are associated with CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Ying Gao,
| | - Shuchun Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lynn R. Goldin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Holly Stevenson
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel C. Edelman
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Keith Killian
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gerald Marti
- Lymphoid Malignancies Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Paul S. Meltzer
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Song Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Neil E. Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Kozłowski M, Borzyszkowska D, Cymbaluk-Płoska A. The Role of TIM-3 and LAG-3 in the Microenvironment and Immunotherapy of Ovarian Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2826. [PMID: 36359346 PMCID: PMC9687228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecologic malignancies. The main treatment options are surgical removal of the tumor and chemotherapy. Cancer treatment has been revolutionized by immunotherapy, which has developed explosively over the past two decades. Clinical anticancer strategies used in immunotherapy include therapies based on the inhibition of PD-1, PD-L1 or CTLA-4. Despite encouraging results, a large proportion of cancer patients are resistant to these therapies or eventually develop resistance. It is important to perform research that will focus on immunotherapy based on other immune checkpoint inhibitors. The aim of the review was to analyze studies considering the expression of TIM-3 and LAG-3 in the ovarian cancer microenvironment and considering immunotherapy for ovarian cancer that includes antibodies directed against TIM-3 and LAG-3. As the data showed, the expression of the described immune checkpoints was shown in different ways. Higher TIM-3 expression was associated with a more advanced tumor stage. Both TIM-3 and LAG-3 were co-expressed with PD-1 in a large proportion of studies. The effect of LAG-3 expression on progression-free survival and/or overall survival is inconclusive and certainly requires further study. Co-expression of immune checkpoints prompts combination therapies using anti-LAG-3 or anti-TIM-3. Research on immune checkpoints, especially TIM-3 and LAG-3, should be further developed.
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21
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Sauer N, Szlasa W, Jonderko L, Oślizło M, Kunachowicz D, Kulbacka J, Karłowicz-Bodalska K. LAG-3 as a Potent Target for Novel Anticancer Therapies of a Wide Range of Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9958. [PMID: 36077354 PMCID: PMC9456311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LAG-3 (Lymphocyte activation gene 3) protein is a checkpoint receptor that interacts with LSEC-tin, Galectin-3 and FGL1. This interaction leads to reduced production of IL-2 and IFN-γ. LAG-3 is widely expressed in different tumor types and modulates the tumor microenvironment through immunosuppressive effects. Differential expression in various tumor types influences patient prognosis, which is often associated with coexpression with immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as TIM-3, PD-1 and CTLA-4. Here, we discuss expression profiles in different tumor types. To date, many clinical trials have been conducted using LAG-3 inhibitors, which can be divided into anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibodies, anti-LAG-3 bispecifics and soluble LAG-3-Ig fusion proteins. LAG-3 inhibitors supress T-cell proliferation and activation by disallowing for the interaction between LAG-3 to MHC-II. The process enhances anti-tumor immune response. In this paper, we will review the current state of knowledge on the structure, function and expression of LAG-3 in various types of cancer, as well as its correlation with overall prognosis, involvement in cell-based therapies and experimental medicine. We will consider the role of compounds targeting LAG-3 in clinical trials both as monotherapy and in combination, which will provide data relating to the efficacy and safety of proposed drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Laura Jonderko
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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22
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Shi J, Wang L, Yin X, Wang L, Bo L, Liu K, Feng K, Lin S, Xu Y, Ning S, Zhao H. Comprehensive characterization of clonality of driver genes revealing their clinical relevance in colorectal cancer. Lab Invest 2022; 20:362. [PMID: 35962343 PMCID: PMC9373375 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Genomic studies of colorectal cancer have revealed the complex genomic heterogeneity of the tumor. The acquisition and selection of genomic alterations may be critical to understanding the initiation and progression of this disease. Methods In this study, we have systematically characterized the clonal architecture of 97 driver genes in 536 colorectal cancer patients from TCGA. Results A high proportion of clonal mutations in 93 driver genes were observed. 40 genes showed significant associations between their clonality and multiple clinicopathologic factors. Kaplan–Meier analysis suggested that the mutation clonality of ANK1, CASP8, SMAD2, and ARID1A had a significant impact on the CRC patients' outcomes. Multivariable analysis revealed that subclonal ANK1 mutations, clonal CASP8 mutations, and clonal SMAD2 mutations independently predicted for shorter overall survival after adjusting for clinicopathological factors. The poor outcome of the subclonal ANK1 mutation may be caused by upregulation of IL4I1, IDO1, IFNG and MAPK12 which showed potential roles in tumor immune evasion through accumulation of immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells. Conclusion These results suggested that the clonality of driver genes could act as prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in human colorectal cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03529-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Xiangzhe Yin
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lin Bo
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Kailai Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ke Feng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shihua Lin
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Shangwei Ning
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Hongying Zhao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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23
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Chocarro L, Bocanegra A, Blanco E, Fernández-Rubio L, Arasanz H, Echaide M, Garnica M, Ramos P, Piñeiro-Hermida S, Vera R, Escors D, Kochan G. Cutting-Edge: Preclinical and Clinical Development of the First Approved Lag-3 Inhibitor. Cells 2022; 11:2351. [PMID: 35954196 PMCID: PMC9367598 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized medical practice in oncology since the FDA approval of the first ICI 11 years ago. In light of this, Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 3 (LAG-3) is one of the most important next-generation immune checkpoint molecules, playing a similar role as Programmed cell Death protein 1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4). 19 LAG-3 targeting molecules are being evaluated at 108 clinical trials which are demonstrating positive results, including promising bispecific molecules targeting LAG-3 simultaneously with other ICIs. Recently, a new dual anti-PD-1 (Nivolumab) and anti-LAG-3 (Relatimab) treatment developed by Bristol Myers Squibb (Opdualag), was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first LAG-3 blocking antibody combination for unresectable or metastatic melanoma. This novel immunotherapy combination more than doubled median progression-free survival (PFS) when compared to nivolumab monotherapy (10.1 months versus 4.6 months). Here, we analyze the large clinical trial responsible for this historical approval (RELATIVITY-047), and discuss the preclinical and clinical developments that led to its jump into clinical practice. We will also summarize results achieved by other LAG-3 targeting molecules with promising anti-tumor activities currently under clinical development in phases I, I/II, II, and III. Opdualag will boost the entry of more LAG-3 targeting molecules into clinical practice, supporting the accumulating evidence highlighting the pivotal role of LAG-3 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Chocarro
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Ana Bocanegra
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Ester Blanco
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia Fernández-Rubio
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Hugo Arasanz
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Miriam Echaide
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Maider Garnica
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Pablo Ramos
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Ruth Vera
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - David Escors
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Oncoimmunology Research Unit, Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31001 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (L.F.-R.); (H.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.); (S.P.-H.); (D.E.); (G.K.)
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24
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Kalaora S, Nagler A, Wargo JA, Samuels Y. Mechanisms of immune activation and regulation: lessons from melanoma. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:195-207. [PMID: 35105962 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma, a skin cancer that develops from pigment cells, has been studied intensively, particularly in terms of the immune response to tumours, and has been used as a model for the development of immunotherapy. This is due, in part, to the high mutational burden observed in melanomas, which increases both their immunogenicity and the infiltration of immune cells into the tumours, compared with other types of cancers. The immune response to melanomas involves a complex set of components and interactions. As the tumour evolves, it accumulates an increasing number of genetic and epigenetic alterations, some of which contribute to the immunogenicity of the tumour cells and the infiltration of immune cells. However, tumour evolution also enables the development of resistance mechanisms, which, in turn, lead to tumour immune escape. Understanding the interactions between melanoma tumour cells and the immune system, and the evolving changes within the melanoma tumour cells, the immune system and the microenvironment, is essential for the development of new cancer therapies. However, current research suggests that other extrinsic factors, such as the microbiome, may play a role in the immune response to melanomas. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying the immune response in the tumour and discuss recent advances as well as strategies for treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Kalaora
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Nagler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yardena Samuels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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25
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Park K, Veena MS, Shin DS. Key Players of the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:830208. [PMID: 35345849 PMCID: PMC8957227 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.830208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex, dynamic battlefield for both immune cells and tumor cells. The advent of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) since 2011, such as the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein (CTLA)-4 and anti-programmed cell death receptor (PD)-(L)1 antibodies, provided powerful weapons in the arsenal of cancer treatments, demonstrating unprecedented durable responses for patients with many types of advanced cancers. However, the response rate is generally low across tumor types and a substantial number of patients develop acquired resistance. These primary or acquired resistance are attributed to various immunosuppressive elements (soluble and cellular factors) and alternative immune checkpoints in the TME. Therefore, a better understanding of the TME is absolutely essential to develop therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance. Numerous clinical studies are underway using ICIs and additional agents that are tailored to the characteristics of the tumor or the TME. Some of the combination treatments are already approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), such as platinum-doublet chemotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) -targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) combined with anti-PD-(L)1 antibodies or immuno-immuno combinations (anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1). In this review, we will discuss the key immunosuppressive cells, metabolites, cytokines or chemokines, and hypoxic conditions in the TME that contribute to tumor immune escape and the prospect of relevant clinical trials by targeting these elements in combination with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mysore S Veena
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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26
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Alexander ET, Gilmour SK. Immunomodulatory role of thrombin in cancer progression. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:527-536. [PMID: 35338515 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Coagulation proteases and the generation of thrombin are increased in tumors. In addition, chemotherapeutic agents commonly used to treat malignant cancers can exacerbate cancer-associated thromboses. Thrombin can modify tumor cell behavior directly through the activation of protease-activated receptors (PAR) or indirectly by generating fibrin matrices. In addition to its role in generating fibrin to promote hemostasis, thrombin acts directly on multiple effector cells of the immune system impacting both acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Thrombin-mediated release of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 leads to the accumulation of multiple tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive cell populations including myeloid derived suppresser cells, M2-like macrophages, and T regulatory cells. Ablation of PAR-1 from the tumor microenvironment, but not the tumor, has been shown to dramatically reduce tumor growth and metastasis in multiple tumor models. Thrombin-activated platelets release immunosuppressive cytokines including transforming growth factor-β that can inhibit natural killer cell activity, helping tumor cells to evade host immunosurveillance. Taken together, there is strong evidence that thrombin influences cancer progression via multiple mechanisms, including the tumor immune response, with thrombin emerging as a target for novel therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Alexander
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan K Gilmour
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, USA
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27
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Mussafi O, Mei J, Mao W, Wan Y. Immune checkpoint inhibitors for PD-1/PD-L1 axis in combination with other immunotherapies and targeted therapies for non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:948405. [PMID: 36059606 PMCID: PMC9430651 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.948405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely acknowledged that the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is an effective therapeutic treatment in many late-stage cancers. However, not all patients could benefit from ICI therapy. Several biomarkers, such as high expression of PD-L1, high mutational burden, and higher number of tumor infiltration lymphocytes have shown to predict clinical benefit from immune checkpoint therapies. One approach using ICI in combination with other immunotherapies and targeted therapies is now being investigated to enhance the efficacy of ICI alone. In this review, we summarized the use of other promising immunotherapies and targeted therapies in combination with ICI in treatment of lung cancers. The results from multiple animals and clinical trials were reviewed. We also briefly discussed the possible outlooks for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofek Mussafi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Wan, ; Wenjun Mao,
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Yuan Wan, ; Wenjun Mao,
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28
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Huang Z, Li Y, Hong W, Chen X, Pan Y, Weng Y, Liu W, Wang L, Qiu S. Identification of a ferroptosis-associated gene signature and the related therapeutic targets in head and neck squamous carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 102:108431. [PMID: 34906855 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a poor prognosis due to its high rates of recurrence and metastasis. Herein, we designed and validated an individualized ferroptosis-associated gene signature (FGS) and further probed the potential survival mechanisms along with therapeutic targets for HNSCC. METHODS The FGS risk score was constructed using stepwise regression analysis and validated in the GSE41613 cohort. Characterization of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in patients with HNSCC, involving immune cells and immunomodulatory genes, was performed to investigate the survival mechanisms and therapeutic targets associated with FGS. To validate the role of FGS in TME, multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry (mfIHC) was performed on tissue sections from 55 patients with oral squamous carcinoma. RESULTS The risk score obtained from FGS showed good predictive power as an independent predictor of overall survival. From the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) prediction, it was found that patients at low risk may benefit from immunotherapy. Furthermore, FGS was significantly associated with CD276, which was highly expressed in fibroblasts that enriched in angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathways at a single-cell resolution, suggesting CD276 may play a critical mediator of the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Lastly, we identified ATG5 as a critical gene in FGS. And the immune-bioinformatics analysis combined with experimental validation showed a negative correlation between ATG5 expression and CD8 + T cells. CONCLUSION The FGS model provides a novel and effective method to predict the prognosis of patients with HNSCC and their survival can be prolonged through TME-related therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenquan Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youliang Weng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sufang Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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29
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Kristensen NP, Heeke C, Tvingsholm SA, Borch A, Draghi A, Crowther MD, Carri I, Munk KK, Holm JS, Bjerregaard AM, Bentzen AK, Marquard AM, Szallasi Z, McGranahan N, Andersen R, Nielsen M, Jönsson GB, Donia M, Svane IM, Hadrup SR. Neoantigen-reactive CD8+ T cells affect clinical outcome of adoptive transfer with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in melanoma. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:150535. [PMID: 34813506 PMCID: PMC8759789 DOI: 10.1172/jci150535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoantigen-driven recognition and T cell-mediated killing contribute to tumor clearance following adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs). Yet, how diversity, frequency, and persistence of expanded neoepitope-specific CD8+ T cells derived from TIL infusion products affect patient outcome is not fully determined. METHODS Using barcoded pMHC multimers, we provide a comprehensive mapping of CD8+ T cells recognizing neoepitopes in TIL infusion products and blood samples from 26 metastatic mela-noma patients who received ACT. RESULTS We identified 106 neoepitopes within TIL infusion products corresponding to 1.8% of all predicted neoepitopes. We observed neoepitope-specific recognition to be virtually devoid in TIL infusion products given to patients with progressive disease outcome. Moreover, we found that the frequency of neoepitope-specific CD8+ T cells in TIL infusion products correlated with in-creased survival, and that detection of engrafted CD8+ T cells in post-treatment (i.e. originating from the TIL infusion product) were unique to responders of TIL-ACT. Finally, we found that a transcriptional signature for lymphocyte activity within the tumor microenvironment was associated with a higher frequency of neoepitope-specific CD8+ T cells in the infusion product. CONCLUSIONS These data support previous case studies of neoepitope-specific CD8+ T cells in melanoma, and indicate that successful TIL-ACT is associated with an expansion of neoepitope-specific CD8+ T cells. FUNDING NEYE Foundation; European Research Council; Lundbeck Foundation Fellowship; Carlsberg Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Pagh Kristensen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christina Heeke
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Siri A Tvingsholm
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Annie Borch
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arianna Draghi
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Ibel Carri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kamilla K Munk
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Sejerø Holm
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Bjerregaard
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Amalie Kai Bentzen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrea M Marquard
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Rikke Andersen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Göran B Jönsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marco Donia
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sine Reker Hadrup
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Lou Y, Wang J, Peng P, Wang S, Liu P, Xu LX. Downregulated TNF-α Levels after Cryo-Thermal Therapy Drive Tregs Fragility to Promote Long-Term Antitumor Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189951. [PMID: 34576115 PMCID: PMC8468796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a therapeutic pillar in tumor treatment, but only a minority of patients get benefit. Overcoming the limitations of immunosuppressive environment is effective for immunotherapy. Moreover, host T cell activation and longevity within tumor are required for the long-term efficacy. In our previous study, a novel cryo-thermal therapy was developed to improve long-term survival in B16F10 melanoma and s.q. 4T1 breast cancer mouse models. We determined that cryo-thermal therapy induced Th1-dominant CD4+ T cell differentiation and the downregulation of Tregs in B16F10 model, contributing to tumor-specific and long-lasting immune protection. However, whether cryo-thermal therapy can affect the differentiation and function of T cells in a s.q. 4T1 model remains unknown. In this study, we also found that cryo-thermal therapy induced Th1-dominant differentiation of CD4+ T cells and the downregulation of effector Tregs. In particular, cryo-thermal therapy drove the fragility of Tregs and impaired their function. Furthermore, we discovered the downregulated level of serum tumor necrosis factor-α at the late stage after cryo-thermal therapy which played an important role in driving Treg fragility. Our findings revealed that cryo-thermal therapy could reprogram the suppressive environment and induce strong and durable antitumor immunity, which facilitate the development of combination strategies in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ping Liu
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (L.X.X.)
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Transcriptional Reprogramming and Constitutive PD-L1 Expression in Melanoma Are Associated with Dedifferentiation and Activation of Interferon and Tumour Necrosis Factor Signalling Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174250. [PMID: 34503064 PMCID: PMC8428231 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer, is frequently associated with drug resistance in the advanced stages. For instance, frequently resistance is observed in sequential treatment of melanoma with targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In this research, the authors investigated whether potential transcriptional mechanisms and pathways associated with PD-L1 protein expression could underlie targeted therapy drug resistance in melanoma. The authors found a PD-L1 expression transcriptional pattern underlies resistance to targeted therapy in a subgroup of melanomas. These melanomas were markedly dedifferentiated, as compared to melanomas that were not drug resistant. Understanding changes in transcription and molecular pathways that lead to drug resistance could allow researchers to develop interventions to prevent drug resistance from occurring in melanoma, which could also be relevant to other cancer types. Abstract Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, with increasing incidence worldwide. Advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have improved the survival of melanoma patients experiencing recurrent disease, but unfortunately treatment resistance frequently reduces patient survival. Resistance to targeted therapy is associated with transcriptomic changes and has also been shown to be accompanied by increased expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), a potent inhibitor of immune response. Intrinsic upregulation of PD-L1 is associated with genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and widespread alterations in gene expression in melanoma cell lines. However, an in-depth analysis of the transcriptomic landscape of melanoma cells with intrinsically upregulated PD-L1 expression is lacking. To determine the transcriptomic landscape of intrinsically upregulated PD-L1 expression in melanoma, we investigated transcriptomes in melanomas with constitutive versus inducible PD-L1 expression (referred to as PD-L1CON and PD-L1IND). RNA-Seq analysis was performed on seven PD-L1CON melanoma cell lines and ten melanoma cell lines with low inducible PD-L1IND expression. We observed that PD-L1CON melanoma cells had a reprogrammed transcriptome with a characteristic pattern of dedifferentiated gene expression, together with active interferon (IFN) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) signalling pathways. Furthermore, we identified key transcription factors that were also differentially expressed in PD-L1CON versus PD-L1IND melanoma cell lines. Overall, our studies describe transcriptomic reprogramming of melanomas with PD-L1CON expression.
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Meyer S, Handke D, Mueller A, Biehl K, Kreuz M, Bukur J, Koehl U, Lazaridou MF, Berneburg M, Steven A, Massa C, Seliger B. Distinct Molecular Mechanisms of Altered HLA Class II Expression in Malignant Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153907. [PMID: 34359808 PMCID: PMC8345549 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules are constitutively expressed in some melanoma, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been characterized. METHODS The expression of HLA class II antigen processing machinery (APM) components was determined in melanoma samples by qPCR, Western blot, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical and TCGA datasets were used for correlation of HLA class II expression to tumor grading, T-cell infiltration and patients' survival. RESULTS The heterogeneous HLA class II expression in melanoma samples allowed us to characterize four distinct phenotypes. Phenotype I totally lacks constitutive HLA class II surface expression, which is inducible by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ); phenotype II expresses low basal surface HLA class II that is further upregulated by IFN-γ; phenotype III lacks constitutive and IFN-γ controlled HLA class II expression, but could be induced by epigenetic drugs; and in phenotype IV, lack of HLA class II expression is not recovered by any drug tested. High levels of HLA class II APM component expression were associated with an increased intra-tumoral CD4+ T-cell density and increased patients' survival. CONCLUSIONS The heterogeneous basal expression of HLA class II antigens and/or APM components in melanoma cells is caused by distinct molecular mechanisms and has clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Meyer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Diana Handke
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.H.); (A.M.); (K.B.); (J.B.); (M.-F.L.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Anja Mueller
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.H.); (A.M.); (K.B.); (J.B.); (M.-F.L.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Katharina Biehl
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.H.); (A.M.); (K.B.); (J.B.); (M.-F.L.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Markus Kreuz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.K.); (U.K.)
| | - Jürgen Bukur
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.H.); (A.M.); (K.B.); (J.B.); (M.-F.L.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Ulrike Koehl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.K.); (U.K.)
| | - Maria-Filothei Lazaridou
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.H.); (A.M.); (K.B.); (J.B.); (M.-F.L.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.M.); (M.B.)
| | - André Steven
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.H.); (A.M.); (K.B.); (J.B.); (M.-F.L.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Chiara Massa
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.H.); (A.M.); (K.B.); (J.B.); (M.-F.L.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.H.); (A.M.); (K.B.); (J.B.); (M.-F.L.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.K.); (U.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-345-557-4054
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Role of CD8 + T lymphocyte cells: Interplay with stromal cells in tumor microenvironment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1365-1378. [PMID: 34221857 PMCID: PMC8245853 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes are pivotal cells in the host response to antitumor immunity. Tumor-driven microenvironments provide the conditions necessary for regulating infiltrating CD8+ T cells in favor of tumor survival, including weakening CD8+ T cell activation, driving tumor cells to impair immune attack, and recruiting other cells to reprogram the immune milieu. Also in tumor microenvironment, stromal cells exert immunosuppressive skills to avoid CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. In this review, we explore the universal function and fate decision of infiltrated CD8+ T cells and highlight their antitumor response within various stromal architectures in the process of confronting neoantigen-specific tumor cells. Thus, this review provides a foundation for the development of antitumor therapy based on CD8+ T lymphocyte manipulation.
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Lim SY, Alavi S, Ming Z, Shklovskaya E, Fung C, Stewart A, Rizos H. Melanoma Cell State-Specific Responses to TNFα. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060605. [PMID: 34073253 PMCID: PMC8230114 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors that target the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) pathway have revolutionized the treatment of patients with advanced metastatic melanoma. PD1 inhibitors reinvigorate exhausted tumor-reactive T cells, thus restoring anti-tumor immunity. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is abundantly expressed as a consequence of T cell activation and can have pleiotropic effects on melanoma response and resistance to PD1 inhibitors. In this study, we examined the influence of TNFα on markers of melanoma dedifferentiation, antigen presentation and immune inhibition in a panel of 40 melanoma cell lines. We report that TNFα signaling is retained in all melanomas but the downstream impact of TNFα was dependent on the differentiation status of melanoma cells. We show that TNFα is a poor inducer of antigen presentation molecules HLA-ABC and HLA-DR but readily induces the PD-L2 immune checkpoint in melanoma cells. Our results suggest that TNFα promotes dynamic changes in melanoma cells that may favor immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yin Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (S.Y.L.); (Z.M.); (E.S.); (C.F.); (A.S.)
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Sara Alavi
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
- Melanoma Oncology and Immunology, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Zizhen Ming
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (S.Y.L.); (Z.M.); (E.S.); (C.F.); (A.S.)
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Elena Shklovskaya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (S.Y.L.); (Z.M.); (E.S.); (C.F.); (A.S.)
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Carina Fung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (S.Y.L.); (Z.M.); (E.S.); (C.F.); (A.S.)
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Ashleigh Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (S.Y.L.); (Z.M.); (E.S.); (C.F.); (A.S.)
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Helen Rizos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (S.Y.L.); (Z.M.); (E.S.); (C.F.); (A.S.)
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-02-98502762
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Chocarro L, Blanco E, Zuazo M, Arasanz H, Bocanegra A, Fernández-Rubio L, Morente P, Fernández-Hinojal G, Echaide M, Garnica M, Ramos P, Vera R, Kochan G, Escors D. Understanding LAG-3 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105282. [PMID: 34067904 PMCID: PMC8156499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) is a cell surface inhibitory receptor with multiple biological activities over T cell activation and effector functions. LAG-3 plays a regulatory role in immunity and emerged some time ago as an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule comparable to PD-1 and CTLA-4 and a potential target for enhancing anti-cancer immune responses. LAG-3 is the third inhibitory receptor to be exploited in human anti-cancer immunotherapies, and it is considered a potential next-generation cancer immunotherapy target in human therapy, right next to PD-1 and CTLA-4. Unlike PD-1 and CTLA-4, the exact mechanisms of action of LAG-3 and its relationship with other immune checkpoint molecules remain poorly understood. This is partly caused by the presence of non-conventional signaling motifs in its intracellular domain that are different from other conventional immunoregulatory signaling motifs but with similar inhibitory activities. Here we summarize the current understanding of LAG-3 signaling and its role in LAG-3 functions, from its mechanisms of action to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Chocarro
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-Public University of Navarre, IdISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (L.C.); (E.B.); (M.Z.); (H.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-R.); (P.M.); (G.F.-H.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Ester Blanco
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-Public University of Navarre, IdISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (L.C.); (E.B.); (M.Z.); (H.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-R.); (P.M.); (G.F.-H.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Miren Zuazo
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-Public University of Navarre, IdISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (L.C.); (E.B.); (M.Z.); (H.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-R.); (P.M.); (G.F.-H.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Hugo Arasanz
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-Public University of Navarre, IdISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (L.C.); (E.B.); (M.Z.); (H.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-R.); (P.M.); (G.F.-H.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra CHN-IdISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;
| | - Ana Bocanegra
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-Public University of Navarre, IdISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (L.C.); (E.B.); (M.Z.); (H.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-R.); (P.M.); (G.F.-H.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Leticia Fernández-Rubio
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-Public University of Navarre, IdISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (L.C.); (E.B.); (M.Z.); (H.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-R.); (P.M.); (G.F.-H.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Pilar Morente
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-Public University of Navarre, IdISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (L.C.); (E.B.); (M.Z.); (H.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-R.); (P.M.); (G.F.-H.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Gonzalo Fernández-Hinojal
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-Public University of Navarre, IdISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (L.C.); (E.B.); (M.Z.); (H.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-R.); (P.M.); (G.F.-H.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra CHN-IdISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;
| | - Miriam Echaide
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-Public University of Navarre, IdISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (L.C.); (E.B.); (M.Z.); (H.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-R.); (P.M.); (G.F.-H.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Maider Garnica
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-Public University of Navarre, IdISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (L.C.); (E.B.); (M.Z.); (H.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-R.); (P.M.); (G.F.-H.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Pablo Ramos
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-Public University of Navarre, IdISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (L.C.); (E.B.); (M.Z.); (H.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-R.); (P.M.); (G.F.-H.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Ruth Vera
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra CHN-IdISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-Public University of Navarre, IdISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (L.C.); (E.B.); (M.Z.); (H.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-R.); (P.M.); (G.F.-H.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: (G.K.); (D.E.)
| | - David Escors
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-Public University of Navarre, IdISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (L.C.); (E.B.); (M.Z.); (H.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-R.); (P.M.); (G.F.-H.); (M.E.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: (G.K.); (D.E.)
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Olszańska J, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Nowak D. Melanoma Progression under Obesity: Focus on Adipokines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092281. [PMID: 34068679 PMCID: PMC8126042 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Obesity is a rapidly growing public health problem and the reason for numerous diseases in the human body, including cancer. This article reviews the current knowledge of the effect of molecules secreted by adipose tissue-adipokines on melanoma progression. We also discuss the role of these factors as markers of incidence, metastasis, and melanoma patient survival. Understanding the functions of adipokines will lead to knowledge of whether and how obesity promotes melanoma growth. Abstract Obesity is a growing problem in the world and is one of the risk factors of various cancers. Among these cancers is melanoma, which accounts for the majority of skin tumor deaths. Current studies are looking for a correlation between obesity and melanoma. They suspect that a potential cause of its development is connected to the biology of adipokines, active molecules secreted by adipose tissue. Under physiological conditions, adipokines control many processes, including lipid and glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, angiogenesis, and inflammations. However, when there is an increased amount of fat in the body, their secretion is dysregulated. This article reviews the current knowledge of the effect of adipokines on melanoma growth. This work focuses on the molecular pathways by which adipose tissue secreted molecules modify the angiogenesis, migration, invasion, proliferation, and death of melanoma cells. We also discuss the role of these factors as markers of incidence, metastasis, and melanoma patient survival. Understanding the functions of adipokines will lead to knowledge of whether and how obesity promotes melanoma growth. Further studies may contribute to the innovations of therapies and the use of adipokines as predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers.
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Gadeyne L, Van Herck Y, Milli G, Atak ZK, Bolognesi MM, Wouters J, Marcelis L, Minia A, Pliaka V, Roznac J, Alexopoulos LG, Cattoretti G, Bechter O, Oord JVD, De Smet F, Antoranz A, Bosisio FM. A Multi-Omics Analysis of Metastatic Melanoma Identifies a Germinal Center-Like Tumor Microenvironment in HLA-DR-Positive Tumor Areas. Front Oncol 2021; 11:636057. [PMID: 33842341 PMCID: PMC8029980 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.636057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors has dramatically changed the therapeutic landscape for patients with advanced melanoma. However, relatively low response rates and a high incidence of severe immune-related adverse events have prompted the search for predictive biomarkers. A positive predictive value has been attributed to the aberrant expression of Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR (HLA-DR) by melanoma cells, but it remains unknown why this is the case. In this study, we have examined the microenvironment of HLA-DR positive metastatic melanoma samples using a multi-omics approach. First, using spatial, single-cell mapping by multiplexed immunohistochemistry, we found that the microenvironment of HLA-DR positive melanoma regions was enriched by professional antigen presenting cells, including classical dendritic cells and macrophages, while a more general cytotoxic T cell exhaustion phenotype was present in these regions. In parallel, transcriptomic analysis on micro dissected tissue from HLA-DR positive and HLA-DR negative areas showed increased IFNγ signaling, enhanced leukocyte adhesion and mononuclear cell proliferation in HLA-DR positive areas. Finally, multiplexed cytokine profiling identified an increased expression of germinal center cytokines CXCL12, CXCL13 and CCL19 in HLA-DR positive metastatic lesions, which, together with IFNγ and IL4 could serve as biomarkers to discriminate tumor samples containing HLA-DR overexpressing tumor cells from HLA-DR negative samples. Overall, this suggests that HLA-DR positive areas in melanoma attract the anti-tumor immune cell infiltration by creating a dystrophic germinal center-like microenvironment where an enhanced antigen presentation leads to an exhausted microenvironment, nevertheless representing a fertile ground for a better efficacy of anti-PD-1 inhibitors due to simultaneous higher levels of PD-1 in the immune cells and PD-L1 in the HLA-DR positive melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yannick Van Herck
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giorgia Milli
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jasper Wouters
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lukas Marcelis
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jan Roznac
- ProtATonce Ltd, Athens, Greece.,Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Leonidas G Alexopoulos
- ProtATonce Ltd, Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giorgio Cattoretti
- Pathology, Department of Medicine & Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Oliver Bechter
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Van Den Oord
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik De Smet
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Asier Antoranz
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesca Maria Bosisio
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Rahman MR, Islam T, Nicoletti F, Petralia MC, Ciurleo R, Fisicaro F, Pennisi M, Bramanti A, Demirtas TY, Gov E, Islam MR, Mussa BM, Moni MA, Fagone P. Identification of Common Pathogenetic Processes between Schizophrenia and Diabetes Mellitus by Systems Biology Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020237. [PMID: 33562405 PMCID: PMC7916024 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by both positive symptoms (i.e., psychosis) and negative symptoms (such as apathy, anhedonia, and poverty of speech). Epidemiological data show a high likelihood of early onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in SCZ patients. However, the molecular processes that could explain the epidemiological association between SCZ and T2DM have not yet been characterized. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to identify underlying common molecular pathogenetic processes and pathways between SCZ and T2DM. To this aim, we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) transcriptomic data from SCZ and T2DM patients, and we detected 28 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) commonly modulated between SCZ and T2DM. Inflammatory-associated processes and membrane trafficking pathways as common biological processes were found to be in common between SCZ and T2DM. Analysis of the putative transcription factors involved in the regulation of the DEGs revealed that STAT1 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1), RELA (v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)), NFKB1 (Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1), and ERG (ETS-related gene) are involved in the expression of common DEGs in SCZ and T2DM. In conclusion, we provide core molecular signatures and pathways that are shared between SCZ and T2DM, which may contribute to the epidemiological association between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh;
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Enayetpur, Sirajganj 6751, Bangladesh;
| | - Tania Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Enayetpur, Sirajganj 6751, Bangladesh;
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.F.); (M.P.); (P.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Cristina Petralia
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Rosella Ciurleo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Francesco Fisicaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.F.); (M.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Manuela Pennisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.F.); (M.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Alessia Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Talip Yasir Demirtas
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Turkey; (T.Y.D.); (E.G.)
| | - Esra Gov
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Turkey; (T.Y.D.); (E.G.)
| | - Md Rafiqul Islam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia;
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Bashair M. Mussa
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- WHO Collaborating Centre on eHealth, UNSW Digital Health, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.F.); (M.P.); (P.F.)
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Accogli T, Bruchard M, Végran F. Modulation of CD4 T Cell Response According to Tumor Cytokine Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030373. [PMID: 33498483 PMCID: PMC7864169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of knowledge on tumor biology over the past decades has demonstrated a close link between tumor cells and cells of the immune system. In this context, cytokines have a major role because they act as intermediaries in the communication into the tumor bed. Cytokines play an important role in the homeostasis of innate and adaptive immunity. In particular, they participate in the differentiation of CD4 T lymphocytes. These cells play essential functions in the anti-tumor immune response but can also be corrupted by tumors. The differentiation of naïve CD4 T cells depends on the cytokine environment in which they are activated. Additionally, at the tumor site, their activity can also be modulated according to the cytokines of the tumor microenvironment. Thus, polarized CD4 T lymphocytes can see their phenotype evolve, demonstrating functional plasticity. Knowledge of the impact of these cytokines on the functions of CD4 T cells is currently a source of innovation, for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we discuss the impact of the major cytokines present in tumors on CD4 T cells. In addition, we summarize the main therapeutic strategies that can modulate the CD4 response through their impact on cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Accogli
- Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (T.A.); (M.B.)
- Team “CAdIR”, CRI INSERM UMR1231 “Lipids, Nutrition and Cancer”, Dijon 21000, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mélanie Bruchard
- Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (T.A.); (M.B.)
- Team “CAdIR”, CRI INSERM UMR1231 “Lipids, Nutrition and Cancer”, Dijon 21000, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Centre Georges François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Frédérique Végran
- Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (T.A.); (M.B.)
- Team “CAdIR”, CRI INSERM UMR1231 “Lipids, Nutrition and Cancer”, Dijon 21000, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Centre Georges François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence:
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Eddy K, Chen S. Overcoming Immune Evasion in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8984. [PMID: 33256089 PMCID: PMC7730443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous form of skin cancer that develops from transformed melanocytes. It is crucial to identify melanoma at its early stages, in situ, as it is "curable" at this stage. However, after metastasis, it is difficult to treat and the five-year survival is only 25%. In recent years, a better understanding of the etiology of melanoma and its progression has made it possible for the development of targeted therapeutics, such as vemurafenib and immunotherapies, to treat advanced melanomas. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms that mediate melanoma development and progression, with a special focus on the immune evasion strategies utilized by melanomas, to evade host immune surveillances. The proposed mechanism of action and the roles of immunotherapeutic agents, ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab, adoptive T- cell therapy plus T-VEC in the treatment of advanced melanoma are discussed. In this review, we implore that a better understanding of the steps that mediate melanoma onset and progression, immune evasion strategies exploited by these tumor cells, and the identification of biomarkers to predict treatment response are critical in the design of improved strategies to improve clinical outcomes for patients with this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevinn Eddy
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Suzie Chen
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Kroemer M, Turco C, Spehner L, Viot J, Idirène I, Bouard A, Renaude E, Deschamps M, Godet Y, Adotévi O, Limat S, Heyd B, Jary M, Loyon R, Borg C. Investigation of the prognostic value of CD4 T cell subsets expanded from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of colorectal cancer liver metastases. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001478. [PMID: 33229508 PMCID: PMC7684804 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The positive role of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) has been well described but the prognostic value of CD4 T cell subsets remained to be investigated. In this study, we expanded TIL from surgically resected liver metastases of patients with CRC and characterized the phenotype and the prognostic value of expanded-CD4 T cells. METHODS Liver metastases were surgically resected from 23 patients with CRC. Tumors were enzymatically digested and cultured in high dose of interleukin-2 for up to 5 weeks. T cell phenotype and reactivity of cultured-T cells were measured by flow cytometry and correlated with patients' clinical outcomes. RESULTS We successfully expanded 21 over 23 TIL from liver metastases of patients with CRC. Interestingly, we distinguished two subsets of expanded T cells based on T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3) expression. Medians fold expansion of expanded T cells after rapid expansion protocol was higher in CD3+TIM-3low cultures. In an attempt to investigate the correlation between the phenotype of expanded CD4 T cells and clinical outcomes, we observed on one hand that the level of Tregs in culture as well as the expression of both PD1 and TIM-3 by expanded T cells was not correlated to the clinical outcomes. Interestingly, on the other hand, cultures containing high levels of Th17 cells were associated with a poor prognosis (p=0.0007). CONCLUSIONS Our data confirmed the presence of Th17 cells in expanded T cells from liver metastases. Among CD4 T cell characteristics investigated, TIM-3 but not programmed cell death protein 1 predicted the expansion capacity of TIL while only the Th17 phenotype showed correlation with patients' survival, suggesting a particular role of this T cell subset in CRC immune contexture. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02817178.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kroemer
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France .,Department of Pharmacy, University hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Celia Turco
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.,Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Unit, University hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Laurie Spehner
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Julien Viot
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, University hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Idir Idirène
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Adeline Bouard
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.,ITAC platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Elodie Renaude
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Marina Deschamps
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Yann Godet
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Olivier Adotévi
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, University hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Samuel Limat
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.,Department of Pharmacy, University hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Bruno Heyd
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.,Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Unit, University hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Marine Jary
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, University hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Romain Loyon
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Borg
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, University hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France.,ITAC platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
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Gokuldass A, Draghi A, Papp K, Borch TH, Nielsen M, Westergaard MCW, Andersen R, Schina A, Bol KF, Chamberlain CA, Presti M, Met Ö, Harbst K, Lauss M, Soraggi S, Csabai I, Szállási Z, Jönsson G, Svane IM, Donia M. Qualitative Analysis of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes across Human Tumor Types Reveals a Higher Proportion of Bystander CD8 + T Cells in Non-Melanoma Cancers Compared to Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3344. [PMID: 33198174 PMCID: PMC7696049 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Human intratumoral T cell infiltrates can be defined by quantitative or qualitative features, such as their ability to recognize autologous tumor antigens. In this study, we reproduced the tumor-T cell interactions of individual patients to determine and compared the qualitative characteristics of intratumoral T cell infiltrates across multiple tumor types. Methods: We employed 187 pairs of unselected tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and autologous tumor cells from patients with melanoma, renal-, ovarian-cancer or sarcoma, and single-cell RNA sequencing data from a pooled cohort of 93 patients with melanoma or epithelial cancers. Measures of TIL quality including the proportion of tumor-reactive CD8+ and CD4+ TILs, and TIL response polyfunctionality were determined. Results: Tumor-specific CD8+ and CD4+ TIL responses were detected in over half of the patients in vitro, and greater CD8+ TIL responses were observed in melanoma, regardless of previous anti-PD-1 treatment, compared to renal cancer, ovarian cancer and sarcoma. The proportion of tumor-reactive CD4+ TILs was on average lower and the differences less pronounced across tumor types. Overall, the proportion of tumor-reactive TILs in vitro was remarkably low, implying a high fraction of TILs to be bystanders, and highly variable within the same tumor type. In situ analyses, based on eight single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets encompassing melanoma and five epithelial cancers types, corroborated the results obtained in vitro. Strikingly, no strong correlation between the proportion of CD8+ and CD4+ tumor-reactive TILs was detected, suggesting the accumulation of these responses in the tumor microenvironment to follow non-overlapping biological pathways. Additionally, no strong correlation between TIL responses and tumor mutational burden (TMB) in melanoma was observed, indicating that TMB was not a major driving force of response. No substantial differences in polyfunctionality across tumor types were observed. Conclusions: These analyses shed light on the functional features defining the quality of TIL infiltrates in cancer. A significant proportion of TILs across tumor types, especially non-melanoma, are bystander T cells. These results highlight the need to develop strategies focused on the tumor-reactive TIL subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Gokuldass
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Arianna Draghi
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Krisztian Papp
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (K.P.); (I.C.)
| | - Troels Holz Borch
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Morten Nielsen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Marie Christine Wulff Westergaard
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Rikke Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Aimilia Schina
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Kalijn Fredrike Bol
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Christopher Aled Chamberlain
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Mario Presti
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Özcan Met
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katja Harbst
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (K.H.); (M.L.); (G.J.)
- Lund University Cancer Centre, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Lauss
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (K.H.); (M.L.); (G.J.)
- Lund University Cancer Centre, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Samuele Soraggi
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Istvan Csabai
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (K.P.); (I.C.)
| | - Zoltán Szállási
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (K.H.); (M.L.); (G.J.)
- Lund University Cancer Centre, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
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Austin M, Kluger H. Targeting Innate Immunity to Treat Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102723. [PMID: 32977403 PMCID: PMC7597964 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Jin S, Li R, Chen MY, Yu C, Tang LQ, Liu YM, Li JP, Liu YN, Luo YL, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Xia TL, Liu SX, Liu Q, Wang GN, You R, Peng JY, Li J, Han F, Wang J, Chen QY, Zhang L, Mai HQ, Gewurz BE, Zhao B, Young LS, Zhong Q, Bai F, Zeng MS. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis defines the interplay between tumor cells, viral infection, and the microenvironment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Res 2020; 30:950-965. [PMID: 32901110 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancy with a complex tumor ecosystem. How the interplay between tumor cells, EBV, and the microenvironment contributes to NPC progression and immune evasion remains unclear. Here we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on ~104,000 cells from 19 EBV+ NPCs and 7 nonmalignant nasopharyngeal biopsies, simultaneously profiling the transcriptomes of malignant cells, EBV, stromal and immune cells. Overall, we identified global upregulation of interferon responses in the multicellular ecosystem of NPC. Notably, an epithelial-immune dual feature of malignant cells was discovered and associated with poor prognosis. Functional experiments revealed that tumor cells with this dual feature exhibited a higher capacity for tumorigenesis. Further characterization of the cellular components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their interactions with tumor cells revealed that the dual feature of tumor cells was positively correlated with the expression of co-inhibitory receptors on CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells. In addition, tumor cells with the dual feature were found to repress IFN-γ production by T cells, demonstrating their capacity for immune suppression. Our results provide new insights into the multicellular ecosystem of NPC and offer important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhao Jin
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ruoyan Li
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lin-Quan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Yan-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Jiang-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Yi-Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Yi-Ling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Tian-Liang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Shang-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Guan-Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Rui You
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Jing-Yun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Feng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Hai-Qiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Benjamin E Gewurz
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Qian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| | - Fan Bai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Center for Translational Cancer Research, First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
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45
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Sosoniuk-Roche E, Cruz P, Maldonado I, Duaso L, Pesce B, Michalak M, Valck C, Ferreira A. In vitro Treatment of a Murine Mammary Adenocarcinoma Cell Line with Recombinant Trypanosoma cruzi Calreticulin Promotes Immunogenicity and Phagocytosis. Mol Immunol 2020; 124:51-60. [PMID: 32526557 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
American Trypanosomiasis, a parasitic disease produced by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), endemic in Latin America, infects about 6 million people. During the chronic stage of the infection, approximately 30% of infected people will develop Chagas Disease, the clinical manifestation. Few decades ago it was reported that, during the chronic stage, the parasite interferes with the development of solid tumors. However, the identification of parasite molecules responsible for such effects remained elusive. Years later, we described T.cruzi Calreticulin (TcCalr), an endoplasmic reticulum resident chaperone that infective trypomastigotes translocate to the parasite exterior, where it displays anticomplement activities. Most likely, at least some of these activities are related with the antitumor properties of TcCalr, as shown in in vitro, ex vivo, in ovum, and in vivo models. In this context we, we have seen that in vivo subcutaneous peritumoral inoculation of rTcCalr enhances local infiltration of T cells and slows tumor development. Based on these precedents, we propose that in vitro treatment of a mammary adenocarcinoma (TA3 cell line) with rTcCalr, will enhance tumor immunogenicity. In agreement with this proposal, we have shown that: i). rTcCalr binds to TA3 cells in a concentration-dependent fashion, ii). C1q binds to TA3 cells in an rTcCalr-dependent fashion, confirmed by the reversion attained using anti-TcS (a central TcCalr domain that binds C1) F(ab')2 antibody fragments, iii). incubation of TA3 cells with rTcCalr, promotes cell phagocytosis by murine macrophages and, iv). rTcCalr decreases the membrane expression of MHC class II, m-Dectin-1, Galectin-9 and PD-L1, while increasing the expression of Rae-1γ. In synthesis, herein we show that in vitro treatment of a murine mammary adenocarcinoma with rTcCalr enhances phagocytosis and modulates the expression of a variety of membrane molecules that correlates with increased tumor immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Sosoniuk-Roche
- Immunology of Microbial Aggressions, Immunology Disciplinary Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Pamela Cruz
- Immunology of Microbial Aggressions, Immunology Disciplinary Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Ismael Maldonado
- Immunology of Microbial Aggressions, Immunology Disciplinary Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Leonora Duaso
- Immunology of Microbial Aggressions, Immunology Disciplinary Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Bárbara Pesce
- MED.UCHILE-FACS Laboratory, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carolina Valck
- Immune Response Modulation by the Complement System, Immunology Disciplinary Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
| | - Arturo Ferreira
- Immunology of Microbial Aggressions, Immunology Disciplinary Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
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46
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Nielsen M, Krarup-Hansen A, Hovgaard D, Petersen MM, Loya AC, Westergaard MCW, Svane IM, Junker N. In vitro 4-1BB stimulation promotes expansion of CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from various sarcoma subtypes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:2179-2191. [PMID: 32472369 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be in vitro expanded and have the ability to induce complete and durable tumor regression in some patients with melanoma following adoptive cell therapy (ACT). In this preclinical study, we investigated the feasibility of expanding TIL from sarcomas, as well as performing functional in vitro analyses on these. TILs were expanded in vitro by the use of IL2 stimulation with or without the addition of 4-1BB and CD3 antibodies. Phenotypical and functional analyses were mainly performed by flow cytometry. TILs were expanded from 25 of 28 (89%) tumor samples from patients with 9 different sarcoma subtypes. TILs were predominantly αβ T-cells of effector memory subtype with CD4+ dominance. In particular, CD8+ TIL highly expressed LAG3 and to a lesser degree PD-1 and BTLA. In total, 10 of 20 TIL cultures demonstrated in vitro recognition of autologous tumor. In some cases, the fraction of tumor-reactive T cells was more than 20%. 4-1BB stimulation augmented expansion kinetics and favored CD8+ occurrence. In conclusion, TIL expansion from sarcoma is feasible and expanded TILs highly express LAG3 and comprise multifunctional tumor-reactive T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Nielsen
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Dorrit Hovgaard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Mørk Petersen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anand Chainsukh Loya
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Inge Marie Svane
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Niels Junker
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark.
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47
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Mercogliano MF, Bruni S, Elizalde PV, Schillaci R. Tumor Necrosis Factor α Blockade: An Opportunity to Tackle Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:584. [PMID: 32391269 PMCID: PMC7189060 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the principal cause of mortality by malignancy in women and represents a main problem for public health worldwide. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine whose expression is increased in a variety of cancers. In particular, in breast cancer it correlates with augmented tumor cell proliferation, higher malignancy grade, increased occurrence of metastasis and general poor prognosis for the patient. These characteristics highlight TNFα as an attractive therapeutic target, and consequently, the study of soluble and transmembrane TNFα effects and its receptors in breast cancer is an area of active research. In this review we summarize the recent findings on TNFα participation in luminal, HER2-positive and triple negative breast cancer progression and metastasis. Also, we describe TNFα role in immune response against tumors and in chemotherapy, hormone therapy, HER2-targeted therapy and anti-immune checkpoint therapy resistance in breast cancer. Furthermore, we discuss the use of TNFα blocking strategies as potential therapies and their clinical relevance for breast cancer. These TNFα blocking agents have long been used in the clinical setting to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. TNFα blockade can be achieved by monoclonal antibodies (such as infliximab, adalimumab, etc.), fusion proteins (etanercept) and dominant negative proteins (INB03). Here we address the different effects of each compound and also analyze the use of potential biomarkers in the selection of patients who would benefit from a combination of TNFα blocking agents with HER2-targeted treatments to prevent or overcome therapy resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Mercogliano
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica de Proteínas, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Bruni
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia V Elizalde
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana Schillaci
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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48
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Lai X, Hao W, Friedman A. TNF-α inhibitor reduces drug-resistance to anti-PD-1: A mathematical model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231499. [PMID: 32310956 PMCID: PMC7170257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a primary obstacle in cancer treatment. In many patients who at first respond well to treatment, relapse occurs later on. Various mechanisms have been explored to explain drug resistance in specific cancers and for specific drugs. In this paper, we consider resistance to anti-PD-1, a drug that enhances the activity of anti-cancer T cells. Based on results in experimental melanoma, it is shown, by a mathematical model, that resistances to anti-PD-1 can be significantly reduced by combining it with anti-TNF-α. The model is used to simulate the efficacy of the combined therapy with different range of doses, different initial tumor volume, and different schedules. In particular, it is shown that under a course of treatment with 3-week cycles where each drug is injected in the first day of either week 1 or week 2, injecting anti-TNF-α one week after anti-PD-1 is the most effective schedule in reducing tumor volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Lai
- Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenrui Hao
- Department of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States of America
| | - Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Bioscience Institute & Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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49
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Ruffo E, Wu RC, Bruno TC, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA. Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3): The next immune checkpoint receptor. Semin Immunol 2020; 42:101305. [PMID: 31604537 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by blocking inhibitory pathways in T cells that limits the an effective anti-tumor immune response. Therapeutics targeting CTLA-4 and PD1/PDL1 have progressed to first line therapy in multiple tumor types with some patients exhibiting tumor regression or remission. However, the majority of patients do not benefit from checkpoint therapy emphasizing the need for alternative therapeutic options. Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 (LAG3) or CD223 is expressed on multiple cell types including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and Tregs, and is required for optimal T cell regulation and homeostasis. Persistent antigen-stimulation in cancer or chronic infection leads to chronic LAG3 expression, promoting T cell exhaustion. Targeting LAG3 along with PD1 facilitates T cell reinvigoration. A substantial amount of pre-clinical data and mechanistic analysis has led to LAG3 being the third checkpoint to be targeted in the clinic with nearly a dozen therapeutics under investigation. In this review, we will discuss the structure, function and role of LAG3 in murine and human models of disease, including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, chronic viral and parasitic infections, and cancer, emphasizing new advances in the development of LAG3-targeting immunotherapies for cancer that are currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ruffo
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Richard C Wu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Program, University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
| | - Tullia C Bruno
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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50
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Guerrouahen BS, Maccalli C, Cugno C, Rutella S, Akporiaye ET. Reverting Immune Suppression to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1554. [PMID: 32039024 PMCID: PMC6985581 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors employ strategies to escape immune control. The principle aim of most cancer immunotherapies is to restore effective immune surveillance. Among the different processes regulating immune escape, tumor microenvironment-associated soluble factors, and/or cell surface-bound molecules are mostly responsible for dysfunctional activity of tumor-specific CD8+T cells. These dynamic immunosuppressive networks prevent tumor rejection at several levels, limiting also the success of immunotherapies. Nevertheless, the recent clinical development of immune checkpoint inhibitors or of molecules modulating cellular targets and immunosuppressive enzymes highlights the great potential of approaches based on the selective disruption of immunosuppressive networks. Currently, the administration of different categories of immunotherapy in combination regimens is the ultimate modality for impacting the survival of cancer patients. With the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, designed to mount an effective antitumor immune response, profound changes occurred in cancer immunotherapy: from a global stimulation of the immune system to a specific targeting of an immune component. This review will specifically highlight the players, the mechanisms limiting an efficient antitumor response and the current immunotherapy modalities tailored to target immune suppressive pathways. We also discuss the ongoing challenges encountered by these strategies and provide suggestions for circumventing hurdles to new immunotherapeutic approaches, including the use of relevant biomarkers in the optimization of immunotherapy regimens and the identification of patients who can benefit from defined immune-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bella S Guerrouahen
- Sidra Medicine, Member of Qatar Foundation, Research Department, Doha, Qatar
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- Sidra Medicine, Member of Qatar Foundation, Research Department, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chiara Cugno
- Sidra Medicine, Member of Qatar Foundation, Research Department, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sergio Rutella
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel T Akporiaye
- Veana Therapeutics, Inc., Portland, OR, United States.,Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR, United States
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