1
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Mori Y, Okimoto Y, Sakai H, Kanda Y, Ohata H, Shiokawa D, Suzuki M, Yoshida H, Ueda H, Sekizuka T, Tamura R, Yamawaki K, Ishiguro T, Mateos RN, Shiraishi Y, Yatabe Y, Hamada A, Yoshihara K, Enomoto T, Okamoto K. Targeting PDGF signaling of cancer-associated fibroblasts blocks feedback activation of HIF-1α and tumor progression of clear cell ovarian cancer. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101532. [PMID: 38670097 PMCID: PMC11149410 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a gynecological cancer with a dismal prognosis; however, the mechanism underlying OCCC chemoresistance is not well understood. To explore the intracellular networks associated with the chemoresistance, we analyze surgical specimens by performing integrative analyses that combine single-cell analyses and spatial transcriptomics. We find that a chemoresistant OCCC subpopulation with elevated HIF activity localizes mainly in areas populated by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with a myofibroblastic phenotype, which is corroborated by quantitative immunostaining. CAF-enhanced chemoresistance and HIF-1α induction are recapitulated in co-culture assays, which show that cancer-derived platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) contributes to the chemoresistance and HIF-1α induction via PDGF receptor signaling in CAFs. Ripretinib is identified as an effective receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor against CAF survival. In the co-culture system and xenograft tumors, ripretinib prevents CAF survival and suppresses OCCC proliferation in the presence of carboplatin, indicating that combination of conventional chemotherapy and CAF-targeted agents is effective against OCCC.
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MESH Headings
- Female
- Humans
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/pathology
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Animals
- Mice
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Coculture Techniques
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Mice, Nude
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/genetics
- Feedback, Physiological/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Mori
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Yoshie Okimoto
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakai
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kanda
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohata
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiokawa
- Ehime University Hospital Translational Research Center, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Mikiko Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Haruka Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sekizuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Ryo Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamawaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishiguro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Raul Nicolas Mateos
- Division of Genome Analysis Platform Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Analysis Platform Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akinobu Hamada
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan.
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2
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Waseem M, Wang BD. Organoids: An Emerging Precision Medicine Model for Prostate Cancer Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1093. [PMID: 38256166 PMCID: PMC10816550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has been known as the most prevalent cancer disease and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in men almost all over the globe. There is an urgent need for establishment of PCa models that can recapitulate the progress of genomic landscapes and molecular alterations during development and progression of this disease. Notably, several organoid models have been developed for assessing the complex interaction between PCa and its surrounding microenvironment. In recent years, PCa organoids have been emerged as powerful in vitro 3D model systems that recapitulate the molecular features (such as genomic/epigenomic changes and tumor microenvironment) of PCa metastatic tumors. In addition, application of organoid technology in mechanistic studies (i.e., for understanding cellular/subcellular and molecular alterations) and translational medicine has been recognized as a promising approach for facilitating the development of potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the application of PCa organoids in the high-throughput screening and establishment of relevant xenografts for developing novel therapeutics for metastatic, castration resistant, and neuroendocrine PCa. These organoid-based studies are expected to expand our knowledge from basic research to clinical applications for PCa diseases. Furthermore, we also highlight the optimization of PCa cultures and establishment of promising 3D organoid models for in vitro and in vivo investigations, ultimately facilitating mechanistic studies and development of novel clinical diagnosis/prognosis and therapies for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Waseem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA;
| | - Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA;
- Hormone Related Cancers Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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3
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Spagnol G, Sensi F, De Tommasi O, Marchetti M, Bonaldo G, Xhindoli L, Noventa M, Agostini M, Tozzi R, Saccardi C. Patient Derived Organoids (PDOs), Extracellular Matrix (ECM), Tumor Microenvironment (TME) and Drug Screening: State of the Art and Clinical Implications of Ovarian Cancer Organoids in the Era of Precision Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072059. [PMID: 37046719 PMCID: PMC10093183 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) has the highest mortality rate of all gynecological malignancies due to the high prevalence of advanced stages of diagnosis and the high rate of recurrence. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of OC tumors contributes to the rapid development of resistance to conventional chemotherapy. In recent years, in order to overcome these problems, targeted therapies have been introduced in various types of tumors, including gynecological cancer. However, the lack of predictive biomarkers showing different clinical benefits limits the effectiveness of these therapies. This requires the development of preclinical models that can replicate the histological and molecular characteristics of OC subtypes. In this scenario, organoids become an important preclinical model for personalized medicine. In fact, patient-derived organoids (PDO) recapture tumor heterogeneity with the possibility of performing drug screening. However, to best reproduce the patient’s characteristics, it is necessary to develop a specific extracellular matrix (ECM) and introduce a tumor microenvironment (TME), which both represent an actual object of study to improve drug screening, particularly when used in targeted therapy and immunotherapy to guide therapeutic decisions. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art for the screening of PDOs, ECM, TME, and drugs in the setting of OC, as well as discussing the clinical implications and future perspectives for the research of OC organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Spagnol
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Sensi
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Orazio De Tommasi
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Marchetti
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulio Bonaldo
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Livia Xhindoli
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Noventa
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35129 Padua, Italy
- General Surgery 3, Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Tozzi
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Saccardi
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence:
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4
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Ex vivo chemosensitivity assay using primary ovarian cancer organoids for predicting clinical response and screening effective drugs. Hum Cell 2023; 36:752-761. [PMID: 36474106 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Selecting the best treatment for individual patients with cancer has attracted attention for improving clinical outcomes. Recent progress in organoid culture may lead to the development of personalized medicine. Unlike molecular-targeting drugs, there are no predictive methods for patient response to standard chemotherapies for ovarian cancer. We prepared organoids using the cancer tissue-originated spheroid (CTOS) method from 61 patients with ovarian cancer with 100% success rate. Chemosensitivity assays for paclitaxel and carboplatin were performed with 84% success rate using the primary organoids from 50 patients who received the chemotherapy. A wide range of sensitivities was observed among organoids for both drugs. All four clinically resistant organoids were resistant to both drugs in 18 cases in which clinical response information was available. Five out of 18 cases (28%) were double-resistant, the response rate of which was compatible with the clinical remission rate. Carboplatin was significantly more sensitive in serous than in clear cell subtypes (P = 0.025). We generated two lines of organoids, screened 1135 drugs, and found several drugs with better combinatory effects with carboplatin than with paclitaxel. Some drugs, including afatinib, have shown an additive effect with carboplatin. The organoid sensitivity assay did not predict the clinical outcomes, both progression free and overall survival.
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5
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Xiang Y, Zheng G, Zhong J, Sheng J, Qin H. Advances in Renal Cell Carcinoma Drug Resistance Models. Front Oncol 2022; 12:870396. [PMID: 35619895 PMCID: PMC9128023 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.870396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer. Systemic therapy is the preferred method to eliminate residual cancer cells after surgery and prolong the survival of patients with inoperable RCC. A variety of molecular targeted and immunological therapies have been developed to improve the survival rate and prognosis of RCC patients based on their chemotherapy-resistant properties. However, owing to tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance, targeted and immunological therapies lack complete and durable anti-tumor responses; therefore, understanding the mechanisms of systemic therapy resistance and improving clinical curative effects in the treatment of RCC remain challenging. In vitro models with traditional RCC cell lines or primary cell culture, as well as in vivo models with cell or patient-derived xenografts, are used to explore the drug resistance mechanisms of RCC and screen new targeted therapeutic drugs. Here, we review the established methods and applications of in vivo and in vitro RCC drug resistance models, with the aim of improving our understanding of its resistance mechanisms, increasing the efficacy of combination medications, and providing a theoretical foundation for the development and application of new drugs, drug screening, and treatment guidelines for RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yien Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ge Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanjiao Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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6
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Targeting protein kinases in cancer stem cells. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:399-412. [PMID: 35607921 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of cancer cells within the tumor bulk that have emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Accumulating evidence has shown the critical involvement of protein kinase signaling pathways in driving tumor development, cancer relapse, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Given that protein kinases are druggable targets for cancer therapy, tremendous efforts are being made to target CSCs with kinase inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and overview of the roles of protein kinases in various signaling pathways in CSC regulation and drug resistance. Furthermore, we provide an update on the preclinical and clinical studies for the use of kinase inhibitors alone or in combination with current therapies for effective cancer therapy. Despite great premises for the use of kinase inhibitors against CSCs, further investigations are needed to evaluate their efficiencies without any adverse effects on normal stem cells.
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7
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Clark J, Fotopoulou C, Cunnea P, Krell J. Novel Ex Vivo Models of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: The Future of Biomarker and Therapeutic Research. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837233. [PMID: 35402223 PMCID: PMC8990887 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogenous disease associated with variations in presentation, pathology and prognosis. Advanced EOC is typified by frequent relapse and a historical 5-year survival of less than 30% despite improvements in surgical and systemic treatment. The advent of next generation sequencing has led to notable advances in the field of personalised medicine for many cancer types. Success in achieving cure in advanced EOC has however been limited, although significant prolongation of survival has been demonstrated. Development of novel research platforms is therefore necessary to address the rapidly advancing field of early diagnostics and therapeutics, whilst also acknowledging the significant tumour heterogeneity associated with EOC. Within available tumour models, patient-derived organoids (PDO) and explant tumour slices have demonstrated particular promise as novel ex vivo systems to model different cancer types including ovarian cancer. PDOs are organ specific 3D tumour cultures that can accurately represent the histology and genomics of their native tumour, as well as offer the possibility as models for pharmaceutical drug testing platforms, offering timing advantages and potential use as prospective personalised models to guide clinical decision-making. Such applications could maximise the benefit of drug treatments to patients on an individual level whilst minimising use of less effective, yet toxic, therapies. PDOs are likely to play a greater role in both academic research and drug development in the future and have the potential to revolutionise future patient treatment and clinical trial pathways. Similarly, ex vivo tumour slices or explants have also shown recent renewed promise in their ability to provide a fast, specific, platform for drug testing that accurately represents in vivo tumour response. Tumour explants retain tissue architecture, and thus incorporate the majority of tumour microenvironment making them an attractive method to re-capitulate in vivo conditions, again with significant timing and personalisation of treatment advantages for patients. This review will discuss the current treatment landscape and research models for EOC, their development and new advances towards the discovery of novel biomarkers or combinational therapeutic strategies to increase treatment options for women with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Clark
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Fotopoulou
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,West London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Cunnea
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Krell
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Kanda Y, Ohata H, Miyazaki T, Sakai H, Mori Y, Shiokawa D, Yokoi A, Owa T, Ochiai A, Okamoto K. NF-κB suppression synergizes with E7386, an inhibitor of CBP/β-catenin interaction, to block proliferation of patient-derived colon cancer spheroids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 586:93-99. [PMID: 34837838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is essential for the initiation and development of various cancers. E7386, a small-molecule compound, attenuates WNT signaling by blocking the interaction between β-catenin and CREB-binding protein (CBP); hence, it is regarded as a therapeutic candidate for cancers with activated WNT signaling. In the present study, we evaluated the biological characteristics associated with E7386 sensitivity by using a panel of patient-derived colon cancer spheroids. An integrative approach that combined E7386 sensitivity and gene expression profiles revealed that the resistance of the cancer spheroids to E7386 was associated with the activation of the NF-κB pathway. NF-κB pathway inhibitors acted synergistically with E7386 to block proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest in E7386-resistant spheroids. These findings suggest a possibility that a combination of E7386 and NF-κB inhibition may effectively block the proliferation of a subset of colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kanda
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohata
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Miyazaki
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakai
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yutaro Mori
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiokawa
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | | | | | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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9
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Mendoza-Martinez AK, Loessner D, Mata A, Azevedo HS. Modeling the Tumor Microenvironment of Ovarian Cancer: The Application of Self-Assembling Biomaterials. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5745. [PMID: 34830897 PMCID: PMC8616551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is one of the leading causes of gynecologic malignancies. Despite treatment with surgery and chemotherapy, OvCa disseminates and recurs frequently, reducing the survival rate for patients. There is an urgent need to develop more effective treatment options for women diagnosed with OvCa. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key driver of disease progression, metastasis and resistance to treatment. For this reason, 3D models have been designed to represent this specific niche and allow more realistic cell behaviors compared to conventional 2D approaches. In particular, self-assembling peptides represent a promising biomaterial platform to study tumor biology. They form nanofiber networks that resemble the architecture of the extracellular matrix and can be designed to display mechanical properties and biochemical motifs representative of the TME. In this review, we highlight the properties and benefits of emerging 3D platforms used to model the ovarian TME. We also outline the challenges associated with using these 3D systems and provide suggestions for future studies and developments. We conclude that our understanding of OvCa and advances in materials science will progress the engineering of novel 3D approaches, which will enable the development of more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karen Mendoza-Martinez
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alvaro Mata
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Helena S. Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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10
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Dual Knockdown of Musashi RNA-Binding Proteins MSI-1 and MSI-2 Attenuates Putative Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics and Therapy Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111502. [PMID: 34768932 PMCID: PMC8584030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In ovarian cancer, therapy resistance mechanisms complicate cancer cell eradication. Targeting Musashi RNA-binding proteins (MSI) may increase therapeutic efficacy. Database analyses were performed to identify gene expression associations between MSI proteins and key therapy resistance and cancer stem cell (CSC) genes. Then, ovarian cancer cells were subjected to siRNA-based dual knockdown of MSI-1 and MSI-2. CSC and cell cycle gene expression was investigated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blots, and flow cytometry. Metabolic activity and chemoresistance were assessed by MTT assay. Clonogenic assays were used to quantify cell survival post-irradiation. Database analyses demonstrated positive associations between MSI proteins and putative CSC markers NOTCH, MYC, and ALDH4A1 and negative associations with NOTCH inhibitor NUMB. MSI-2 expression was negatively associated with the apoptosis regulator p21. MSI-1 and MSI-2 were positively correlated, informing subsequent dual knockdown experiments. After MSI silencing, CSC genes were downregulated, while cell cycle progression was reduced. Metabolic activity was decreased in some cancer cells. Both chemo- and radioresistance were reduced after dual knockdown, suggesting therapeutic potential. Dual knockdown of MSI proteins is a promising venue to impede tumor growth and sensitize ovarian cancer cells to irradiation and chemotherapy.
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11
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Takeiwa T, Mitobe Y, Ikeda K, Hasegawa K, Horie K, Inoue S. Long Intergenic Noncoding RNA OIN1 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Growth by Modulating Apoptosis-Related Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011242. [PMID: 34681900 PMCID: PMC8541687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced ovarian cancer usually exhibit high mortality rates, thus more efficient therapeutic strategies are expected to be developed. Recent transcriptomic studies revealed that long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) can be a new class of molecular targets for cancer management, because lincRNAs likely exert tissue-specific activities compared with protein-coding genes or other noncoding RNAs. We here show that an unannotated lincRNA originated from chromosome 10q21 and designated as ovarian cancer long intergenic noncoding RNA 1 (OIN1), is often overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissues compared with normal ovaries as analyzed by RNA sequencing. OIN1 silencing by specific siRNAs significantly exerted proliferation inhibition and enhanced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Notably, RNA sequencing showed that OIN1 expression was negatively correlated with the expression of apoptosis-related genes ras association domain family member 5 (RASSF5) and adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1), which were upregulated by OIN1 knockdown in ovarian cancer cells. OIN1-specifc siRNA injection was effective to suppress in vivo tumor growth of ovarian cancer cells inoculated in immunodeficient mice. Taken together, OIN1 could function as a tumor-promoting lincRNA in ovarian cancer through modulating apoptosis and will be a potential molecular target for ovarian cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Takeiwa
- Division of Systems Medicine & Gene Therapy, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.M.); (K.I.)
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yuichi Mitobe
- Division of Systems Medicine & Gene Therapy, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.M.); (K.I.)
| | - Kazuhiro Ikeda
- Division of Systems Medicine & Gene Therapy, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.M.); (K.I.)
| | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1298, Japan;
| | - Kuniko Horie
- Division of Systems Medicine & Gene Therapy, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.M.); (K.I.)
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (S.I.); Tel.: +81-42-984-4606 (K.H.); +81-3-3964-3241 (S.I.)
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Systems Medicine & Gene Therapy, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.M.); (K.I.)
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (S.I.); Tel.: +81-42-984-4606 (K.H.); +81-3-3964-3241 (S.I.)
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12
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Yamawaki K, Mori Y, Sakai H, Kanda Y, Shiokawa D, Ueda H, Ishiguro T, Yoshihara K, Nagasaka K, Onda T, Kato T, Kondo T, Enomoto T, Okamoto K. Integrative analyses of gene expression and chemosensitivity of patient-derived ovarian cancer spheroids link G6PD-driven redox metabolism to cisplatin chemoresistance. Cancer Lett 2021; 521:29-38. [PMID: 34419499 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived cells and xenografts retain the biological characteristics of clinical cancers and are instrumental in gaining a better understanding of the chemoresistance of cancer cells. Here, we have established a panel of patient-derived spheroids from clinical materials of ovarian cancer. Systematic evaluation using therapeutic agents indicated that sensitivity to platinum-based compounds significantly varied among the spheroids. To understand the molecular basis of drug sensitivity, we performed integrative analyses combining chemoresistance data and gene expression profiling of the ovarian cancer patient-derived spheroids. Correlation analyses revealed that cisplatin resistance was significantly associated with elevated levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutathione-producing redox enzymes. Accordingly, cisplatin-resistant spheroids established in vitro showed elevated levels of G6PD and active glutathione. Moreover, treatment with a G6PD inhibitor in combination with cisplatin suppressed spheroid proliferation in vitro and largely eradicated peritoneal metastasis in mouse xenograft models. Furthermore, G6PD expression was elevated during carcinogenesis and associated with poor prognosis. Thus, the combination of gene expression data and chemosensitivity revealed the essential roles of G6PD-driven redox metabolism in cisplatin resistance, underscoring the significance of an integrative approach using patient-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Yamawaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical School, Niigata, Japan; Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Yutaro Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical School, Niigata, Japan; Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakai
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kanda
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiokawa
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Haruka Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical School, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishiguro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical School, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical School, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Onda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kato
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical School, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan.
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13
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Transcending toward Advanced 3D-Cell Culture Modalities: A Review about an Emerging Paradigm in Translational Oncology. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071657. [PMID: 34359827 PMCID: PMC8304089 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disorder characterized by an uncontrollable overgrowth and a fast-moving spread of cells from a localized tissue to multiple organs of the body, reaching a metastatic state. Throughout years, complexity of cancer progression and invasion, high prevalence and incidence, as well as the high rise in treatment failure cases leading to a poor patient prognosis accounted for continuous experimental investigations on animals and cellular models, mainly with 2D- and 3D-cell culture. Nowadays, these research models are considered a main asset to reflect the physiological events in many cancer types in terms of cellular characteristics and features, replication and metastatic mechanisms, metabolic pathways, biomarkers expression, and chemotherapeutic agent resistance. In practice, based on research perspective and hypothesis, scientists aim to choose the best model to approach their understanding and to prove their hypothesis. Recently, 3D-cell models are seen to be highly incorporated as a crucial tool for reflecting the true cancer cell microenvironment in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics studies, in addition to the intensity of anticancer drug response in pharmacogenomics trials. Hence, in this review, we shed light on the unique characteristics of 3D cells favoring its promising usage through a comparative approach with other research models, specifically 2D-cell culture. Plus, we will discuss the importance of 3D models as a direct reflector of the intrinsic cancer cell environment with the newest multiple methods and types available for 3D-cells implementation.
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14
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Functional inhibition of cancer stemness-related protein DPP4 rescues tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in renal cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2021; 40:3899-3913. [PMID: 33972682 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used as targeted drugs for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), although most cases eventually progress by acquiring resistance. Cancer stemness plays critical roles in tumor aggressiveness and therapeutic resistance, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) has been recently identified as a cancer stemness-related protein. A question arises whether DPP4 contributes to TKI efficacy in RCC. We established patient-derived RCC spheroids and showed that DPP4 expression is associated with stemness-related gene expression. TKI sunitinib resistance was rescued by DPP4 inhibition using sitagliptin or specific siRNAs in RCC cells and tumors. DPP4 expression can be inducible by retinoic acid and repressed by ALDH1A inhibition. Among type 2 diabetes patients with clinical RCC tumors, higher TKI efficacy is observed in those bearing DPP4high tumors treated with DPP4 inhibitors. This study provides new insights into TKI resistance and drug repositioning of DPP4 inhibitor as a promising strategy for advanced RCC.
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15
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Takeiwa T, Ikeda K, Horie-Inoue K, Inoue S. Mechanisms of Apoptosis-Related Long Non-coding RNAs in Ovarian Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641963. [PMID: 33996797 PMCID: PMC8117355 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a health-threatening malignancy of ovary in female reproductive systems and one of the most common gynecological malignancies worldwide. Due to rare early symptoms, ovarian cancers are often diagnosed at advanced stages and exhibit poor prognosis. Thus, efforts have been paid to develop alternative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the disease. Recent studies have presented that some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play roles in apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells through various mechanisms involved in the regulation of transcription factors, histone modification complexes, miRNAs, and protein stability. Because evasion of apoptosis in cancer cells facilitates to promote tumor progression and therapy resistance, apoptosis regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs may be promising new targets in ovarian cancer. In this review, we introduce the recent findings in regard to the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis-related lncRNAs in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Takeiwa
- Division of Systems Medicine & Gene Therapy, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikeda
- Division of Systems Medicine & Gene Therapy, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kuniko Horie-Inoue
- Division of Systems Medicine & Gene Therapy, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Systems Medicine & Gene Therapy, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Jain S, Annett SL, Morgan MP, Robson T. The Cancer Stem Cell Niche in Ovarian Cancer and Its Impact on Immune Surveillance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4091. [PMID: 33920983 PMCID: PMC8071330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is an aggressive gynaecological cancer with extremely poor prognosis, due to late diagnosis as well as the development of chemoresistance after first-line therapy. Research advances have found stem-like cells present in ovarian tumours, which exist in a dynamic niche and persist through therapy. The stem cell niche interacts extensively with the immune and non-immune components of the tumour microenvironment. Significant pathways associated with the cancer stem cell niche have been identified which interfere with the immune component of the tumour microenvironment, leading to immune surveillance evasion, dysfunction and suppression. This review aims to summarise current evidence-based knowledge on the cancer stem cell niche within the ovarian cancer tumour microenvironment and its effect on immune surveillance. Furthermore, the review seeks to understand the clinical consequences of this dynamic interaction by highlighting current therapies which target these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St Stephen’s Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (S.J.); (S.L.A.); (M.P.M.)
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17
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Ueda H, Mori Y, Yamawaki K, Ishiguro T, Ohata H, Sato A, Sugino K, Yachida N, Yamaguchi M, Suda K, Tamura R, Yoshihara K, Okamoto K, Enomoto T. Establishment of in vitro 3D spheroid cell cultivation from human gynecologic cancer tissues. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100354. [PMID: 33665634 PMCID: PMC7905465 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced-stage gynecologic cancer remains a life-threatening disease. Here, we present a protocol for establishment of stable in vitro 3D spheroid cells derived from human uterine endometrial and ovarian cancer tissues. The tumor-derived spheroid cells have cancer stem cell-related characteristics, including tumorigenesis, and can be used for biological and biochemical analyses and drug efficacy assays. Because these cells possess the biological characteristics of original human tumors, spheroid cells and spheroid-derived xenografts will have applications in personalized medicine in the future. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Ishiguro et al. (2016) and Mori et al. (2019). Protocol for establishing spheroid cells from human gynecologic cancer tissue A procedure to culture spheroids with cancer stem cell-related characteristics Tumor-derived spheroids possess original human tumors’ biological characteristics
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yutaro Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamawaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishiguro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Corresponding author
| | - Hirokazu Ohata
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ai Sato
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sugino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Nozomi Yachida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Manako Yamaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Suda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Ryo Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Corresponding author
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18
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Murayama T, Takeuchi Y, Yamawaki K, Natsume T, Li M, Marcela RCN, Nishimura T, Kogure Y, Nakata A, Tominaga K, Sasahara A, Yano M, Ishikawa S, Ohta T, Ikeda K, Horie-Inoue K, Inoue S, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Enomoto T, Tanabe M, Tada KI, Kanemaki MT, Okamoto K, Tojo A, Gotoh N. MCM10 compensates for Myc-induced DNA replication stress in breast cancer stem-like cells. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1209-1224. [PMID: 33340428 PMCID: PMC7935783 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) induce drug resistance and recurrence of tumors when they experience DNA replication stress. However, the mechanisms underlying DNA replication stress in CSCs and its compensation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that upregulated c-Myc expression induces stronger DNA replication stress in patient-derived breast CSCs than in differentiated cancer cells. Our results suggest critical roles for mini-chromosome maintenance protein 10 (MCM10), a firing (activating) factor of DNA replication origins, to compensate for DNA replication stress in CSCs. MCM10 expression is upregulated in CSCs and is maintained by c-Myc. c-Myc-dependent collisions between RNA transcription and DNA replication machinery may occur in nuclei, thereby causing DNA replication stress. MCM10 may activate dormant replication origins close to these collisions to ensure the progression of replication. Moreover, patient-derived breast CSCs were found to be dependent on MCM10 for their maintenance, even after enrichment for CSCs that were resistant to paclitaxel, the standard chemotherapeutic agent. Further, MCM10 depletion decreased the growth of cancer cells, but not of normal cells. Therefore, MCM10 may robustly compensate for DNA replication stress and facilitate genome duplication in cancer cells in the S-phase, which is more pronounced in CSCs. Overall, we provide a preclinical rationale to target the c-Myc-MCM10 axis for preventing drug resistance and recurrence of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Murayama
- Division of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan.,Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan
| | - Yasuto Takeuchi
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamawaki
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Natsume
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Mishima City, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima City, Japan
| | - Mengjiao Li
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan
| | - Rojas-Chaverra N Marcela
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Nishimura
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan
| | - Yuta Kogure
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Japan
| | - Asuka Nakata
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kana Tominaga
- Division of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan.,Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan.,Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Asako Sasahara
- Division of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan.,Department of Breast & Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Masao Yano
- Department of Surgery, Minamimachida Hospital, Machida City, Japan
| | - Satoko Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikeda
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka City, Japan
| | - Kuniko Horie-Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka City, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka City, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Japan
| | - Sumio Sugano
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tanabe
- Department of Breast & Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Tada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Masato T Kanemaki
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Mishima City, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima City, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Arinobu Tojo
- Division of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Noriko Gotoh
- Division of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan.,Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan
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19
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Wen Y, Hou Y, Yi X, Sun S, Guo J, He X, Li T, Cai J, Wang Z. EZH2 activates CHK1 signaling to promote ovarian cancer chemoresistance by maintaining the properties of cancer stem cells. Theranostics 2021; 11:1795-1813. [PMID: 33408782 PMCID: PMC7778604 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer is a fatal malignant gynecological tumor. Ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) contribute to resistance to chemotherapy. The polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) plays a key role in maintaining CSCs. Here, we aimed to investigate the specific mechanism by which EZH2 regulates CSCs to result in chemoresistance and poor prognosis of ovarian cancer. Methods: We used a nude mouse model to obtain a cell line enriched for OCSCs, named SK-3rd cells. The CRISPR and Cas9 endonuclease system was used to establish an EZH2-knockout SK-3rd ovarian cancer cell line. High-throughput PCR array and bioinformatics methods were used to screen the EZH2 target involved in CSC stemness. A luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were performed to identify activation of CHK1 by EZH2. We evaluated associations between EZH2/CHK1 expression and the chemoresistance and prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. Results: EZH2 plays a critical role in maintaining ovarian CSC stemness and chemo-resistance. CHK1 is an EZH2 target involved in CSC stemness. Knockdown of EZH2 in ovarian CSCs decreased CHK1 expression, while CHK1 overexpression was sufficient to reverse the inhibitory effect on spheroid formation and chemoresistance caused by repression of EZH2. In addition, EZH2 was also shown to play a unique role in activating rather than repressing CHK1 signaling through binding to the CHK1 promoter in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Finally, in clinical samples, ovarian cancer patients with high levels of EZH2 and CHK1 not only were more resistant to platinum but also had a poorer prognosis. Conclusions: Our data revealed a previously unidentified functional and mechanistic link between EZH2 levels, CHK1 signaling activation, and ovarian CSCs and provided strong evidence that EZH2 promotes ovarian cancer chemoresistance and recurrence.
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20
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Singh T, Neal AS, Moatamed NA, Memarzadeh S. Exploring the Potential of Drug Response Assays for Precision Medicine in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010305. [PMID: 33396714 PMCID: PMC7794771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in the treatment of cancer are differential responses of patients to existing standard of care anti-cancer drugs. These differential responses may, in part, be due to a diverse range of genomic, epigenomic, proteomic, and metabolic alterations among individuals suffering from the same type of cancer. Precision medicine is an emerging approach in cancer therapeutics that takes into account specific molecular alterations, environmental factors as well as lifestyle of individual patients. This approach allows clinicians and researchers to select or predict treatments that would most likely benefit the patient based on their individual tumor characteristics. One class of precision medicine tools are predictive, in vitro drug-response assays designed to test the sensitivity of patient tumor cells to existing or novel therapies. These assays have the potential to rapidly identify the most effective treatments for cancer patients and thus hold great promise in the field of precision medicine. In this review, we have highlighted several drug-response assays developed in ovarian cancer and discussed the current challenges and future prospects of these assays in the clinical management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.S.); (A.S.N.)
- UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adam S. Neal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.S.); (A.S.N.)
- UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Neda A. Moatamed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Sanaz Memarzadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.S.); (A.S.N.)
- UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- The VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Correspondence:
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21
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Zhang Y, Guo J, Cai E, Cai J, Wen Y, Lu S, Li X, Han Q, Jiang J, Li T, Wang Z. HOTAIR maintains the stemness of ovarian cancer stem cells via the miR-206/TBX3 axis. Exp Cell Res 2020; 395:112218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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22
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Gilazieva Z, Ponomarev A, Rutland C, Rizvanov A, Solovyeva V. Promising Applications of Tumor Spheroids and Organoids for Personalized Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2727. [PMID: 32977530 PMCID: PMC7598156 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the promising directions in personalized medicine is the use of three-dimensional (3D) tumor models such as spheroids and organoids. Spheroids and organoids are three-dimensional cultures of tumor cells that can be obtained from patient tissue and, using high-throughput personalized medicine methods, provide a suitable therapy for that patient. These 3D models can be obtained from most types of tumors, which provides opportunities for the creation of biobanks with appropriate patient materials that can be used to screen drugs and facilitate the development of therapeutic agents. It should be noted that the use of spheroids and organoids would expand the understanding of tumor biology and its microenvironment, help develop new in vitro platforms for drug testing and create new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss 3D tumor spheroid and organoid models, their advantages and disadvantages, and evaluate their promising use in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarema Gilazieva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (Z.G.); (A.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Aleksei Ponomarev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (Z.G.); (A.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Catrin Rutland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (Z.G.); (A.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Valeriya Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (Z.G.); (A.P.); (A.R.)
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23
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Namekawa T, Kitayama S, Ikeda K, Horie-Inoue K, Suzuki T, Okamoto K, Ichikawa T, Yano A, Kawakami S, Inoue S. HIF1α inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol decreases NRN1 expression and represses in vivo and in vitro growth of patient-derived testicular germ cell tumor spheroids. Cancer Lett 2020; 489:79-86. [PMID: 32544513 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) is the most common type of malignancy in young males. Patients with nonseminomatous GCT still have poor prognosis. To identify new therapeutic targets, we generated patient-derived cells (PDCs) and their xenograft (PDCX) models from 3 distinct GCT patients' specimens. The pathological features of GCT PDCs and PDCX tumors recapitulated those of nonseminomatous components exhibiting in the corresponding patients' specimens. Notably, stemness-related markers and hypoxia-related genes, including hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1A) and neuritin 1 (NRN1), were abundantly expressed in three-dimensional spheroid cultures of GCT PDCs. We identified functional HIF1α response elements in the NRN1 promoter and defined that their transcriptional activities were substantially activated by hypoxia. HIF1α inhibition by siRNAs or an inhibitor, 2-methoxyestradiol, significantly suppressed NRN1 expression and decreased the in vitro and in vivo growth of PDC spheroids. Moreover, NRN1 knockdown efficiently suppressed PDC proliferation. These results suggest that HIF1α and NRN1 are potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets, and that 2-methoxyestradiol could be applied to clinical management of GCT. Overall, our GCT PDC and PDCX models would be useful as preclinical models for precision medicine targeting each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Namekawa
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan; Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Sachi Kitayama
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikeda
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Kuniko Horie-Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yano
- Department of Urology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Satoru Kawakami
- Department of Urology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan; Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
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Ghoneum A, Gonzalez D, Abdulfattah AY, Said N. Metabolic Plasticity in Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1267. [PMID: 32429566 PMCID: PMC7281273 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian Cancer is the fifth most common cancer in females and remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy as most patients are diagnosed at late stages of the disease. Despite initial responses to therapy, recurrence of chemo-resistant disease is common. The presence of residual cancer stem cells (CSCs) with the unique ability to adapt to several metabolic and signaling pathways represents a major challenge in developing novel targeted therapies. The objective of this study is to investigate the transcripts of putative ovarian cancer stem cell (OCSC) markers in correlation with transcripts of receptors, transporters, and enzymes of the energy generating metabolic pathways involved in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). We conducted correlative analysis in data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), studies of experimental OCSCs and their parental lines from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). We found positive correlations between the transcripts of OCSC markers, specifically CD44, and glycolytic markers. TCGA datasets revealed that NOTCH1, CD133, CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1, positively and significantly correlated with tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) enzymes. OVCAR3-OCSCs (cancer stem cells derived from a well-established epithelial ovarian cancer cell line) exhibited enrichment of the electron transport chain (ETC) mainly in complexes I, III, IV, and V, further supporting reliance on the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) phenotype. OVCAR3-OCSCs also exhibited significant increase in CD36, ACACA, SCD, and CPT1A, with CD44, CD133, and ALDH1A1 exhibiting positive correlations with lipid metabolic enzymes. TCGA data show positive correlations between OCSC markers and glutamine metabolism enzymes, whereas in OCSC experimental models of GSE64999, GSE28799, and CCLE, the number of positive and negative correlations observed was significantly lower and was different between model systems. Appropriate integration and validation of data model systems with those in patients' specimens is needed not only to bridge our knowledge gap of metabolic programing of OCSCs, but also in designing novel strategies to target the metabolic plasticity of dormant, resistant, and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Ghoneum
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA; (A.G.); (D.G.); (A.Y.A.)
| | - Daniela Gonzalez
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA; (A.G.); (D.G.); (A.Y.A.)
| | - Ammar Yasser Abdulfattah
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA; (A.G.); (D.G.); (A.Y.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Neveen Said
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA; (A.G.); (D.G.); (A.Y.A.)
- Departments of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Departments of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Health Sciences, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
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25
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhou H, Liu G, Li Q. Rho kinase mediates transforming growth factor-β1-induced vasculogenic mimicry formation: involvement of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stemness activity. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:411-420. [PMID: 32296834 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), a newly defined pattern of tumor blood supply, has been identified in several malignant tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Rho kinase (ROCK) plays an important role in various types of cancers. However, whether ROCK participates in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced VM formation is unclear. Here, we evaluated the role of ROCK in TGF-β1-induced VM formation in HCC. Our findings showed that the TGF-β1/ROCK signaling pathway is involved in VM formation by inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, TGF-β1 and ROCK were found to play distinct roles in the cancer stem cell phenotype during VM formation. These results provide insights into potential antitumor therapies for inhibiting VM by targeting the TGF-β1/ROCK signaling pathway in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Jigang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Heming Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Gaolin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
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26
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Terraneo N, Jacob F, Dubrovska A, Grünberg J. Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:319. [PMID: 32257947 PMCID: PMC7090172 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies. Due to the lack of specific symptoms and screening methods, this disease is usually diagnosed only at an advanced and metastatic stage. The gold-standard treatment for OC patients consists of debulking surgery followed by taxane combined with platinum-based chemotherapy. Most patients show complete clinical remission after first-line therapy, but the majority of them ultimately relapse, developing radio- and chemoresistant tumors. It is now proposed that the cause of recurrence and reduced therapy efficacy is the presence of small populations of cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells are usually resistant against conventional cancer therapies and for this reason, effective targeted therapies for the complete eradication of CSCs are urgently needed. In this review article, we highlight the mechanisms of CSC therapy resistance, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, stemness, and novel therapeutic strategies for ovarian CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastassja Terraneo
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Francis Jacob
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Grünberg
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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27
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Park H, Hwang S, Jeong JY, Jung SG, Choi MC, Joo WD, Song SH, Lee C, An HJ. Integrative analysis of transcription factors and microRNAs in ovarian cancer cell spheroids. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:16. [PMID: 32046751 PMCID: PMC7014770 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can self-renew, proliferate into differentiated cells, or enter a quiescent state and are regarded to cause chemoresistance and recurrence. An integrative analysis of transcription factors (TF) and miRNAs was performed in ovarian CSC-enriched spheroid-forming cells (SFCs) to identify factors relevant to ovarian CSCs. METHODS Fresh tumor cells from three ovarian cancer patients were cultured in standard and in selective medium. The mRNAs and miRNAs that exhibited significant differential expression between SFCs and adherent cells were identified using mRNA and miRNAs microarrays. Target genes of miRNAs were further selected if predicted with TargetScan by half of the miRNAs or more. Gene enrichment analysis was performed on over- or under-expressed mRNAs and target genes of miRNAs using DAVID tools. Complex regulatory networks were combined from TF-genes and miRNA-genes interactions using the MAGIA webtool. RESULTS A total of 1245 mRNA and 55 miRNAs were differentially expressed (p-value< 0.05, paired t-test). Elevation of transcription-related processes and suppression of focal adhesion pathway were noted in SFCs, according to the enrichment analyses. Transcriptional hyperactivity is a known characteristic of the stem cell transcriptome. The integrative network suggested that cell cycle was arrested in SFCs where over-expressed EGR1 and under-expressed MYC and miR-130a-3p had multiple connections with target genes. CONCLUSIONS MYC, EGR1, and miR-130a-3p were hubs in our integrative analysis of ovarian CSC-enriched SFCs, suggesting that ovarian cancer SFCs display a stem cell identity with the quiescent phenotype where adhesion- and cell cycle-related genes were suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Park
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sohyun Hwang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, South Korea
- Institute of Clinical Research, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sang Geun Jung
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Min Chul Choi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Won Duk Joo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Seung Hun Song
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Chan Lee
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung An
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, South Korea.
- Institute of Clinical Research, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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28
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Terraneo N, Jacob F, Peitzsch C, Dubrovska A, Krudewig C, Huang YL, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Schibli R, Béhé M, Grünberg J. L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule Confers Radioresistance to Ovarian Cancer and Defines a New Cancer Stem Cell Population. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010217. [PMID: 31952346 PMCID: PMC7017143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many solid tumors, including ovarian cancer, contain small populations of cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells are usually resistant against conventional cancer therapies and play a role in disease recurrence. We demonstrated that the L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is a new CSC target in ovarian cancer, triggering radioresistance. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, specific cell populations expressing L1CAM alone or in combination with the established CSC marker CD133 were isolated from three ovarian cancer cell lines. Double-positive L1CAM+/CD133+ cells displayed higher spherogenic and clonogenic properties in comparison to L1CAM-/CD133- cells. Furthermore, L1CAM+/CD133+ cells retained highest clonogenic capacity after irradiation and exhibited up-regulation of some CSC-specific genes, enhanced tumor-initiating capacity, self-renewal and higher tumor take rate in nude mice when compared with other cell populations. Superior radioresistance by L1CAM expression was confirmed by deletion of L1CAM using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Moreover, we found expression signatures associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype in L1CAM deleted cells. These results indicate that L1CAM in combination with CD133 defines a new cancer cell population of ovarian tumor-initiating cells with the implication of targeting L1CAM as a novel therapeutic approach for ovarian CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastassja Terraneo
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (N.T.); (R.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Francis Jacob
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (F.J.); (Y.-L.H.); (V.H.-S.)
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christiane Krudewig
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology (LAMP), Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Yen-Lin Huang
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (F.J.); (Y.-L.H.); (V.H.-S.)
| | - Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (F.J.); (Y.-L.H.); (V.H.-S.)
- Hospital for Women, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (N.T.); (R.S.); (M.B.)
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Béhé
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (N.T.); (R.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Jürgen Grünberg
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (N.T.); (R.S.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-56-310-2848
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Liu HD, Xia BR, Jin MZ, Lou G. Organoid of ovarian cancer: genomic analysis and drug screening. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:1240-1251. [PMID: 31939100 PMCID: PMC7316695 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most common malignant tumors of the female reproductive system, and its standard treatments are cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Great advances have been achieved in novel treatment strategies, including targeted therapy and immunotherapy. However, ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecological tumors due to therapeutic resistance and the gap between preclinical data and actual clinical efficacy. Organoids are a 3D culture model that markedly affects gene analysis, drug screening, and drug sensitivity determination of tumors, especially when used in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In addition, organoid can lead to advances in the preclinical research of ovarian cancer due to its convenient cultivation, good genetic stability, and high homology with primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-D Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - B-R Xia
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - M-Z Jin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - G Lou
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Liufu C, Li Y, Tu J, Zhang H, Yu J, Wang Y, Huang P, Chen Z. Echogenic PEGylated PEI-Loaded Microbubble As Efficient Gene Delivery System. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8923-8941. [PMID: 31814720 PMCID: PMC6863126 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s217338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for cancer therapeutic resistance and metastasis. To date, in addition to surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, gene delivery has emerged as a potential therapeutic modality for ovarian cancer. Efficient and safe targeted gene delivery is complicated due to the tumor heterogeneity barrier. Ultrasound (US)-stimulated microbubbles (MBs) have demonstrated a method of enabling non-invasive targeted gene delivery. Purpose The purpose of our study was to show the utility of poly(ethylene glycol)-SS-polyethylenimine-loaded microbubbles (PSP@MB) as an ultrasound theranostic and redox-responsive agent in a gene delivery system. Patients and methods PSP nanoparticles were conjugated to the MB surface through biotin-avidin linkage, increasing the gene-loading efficiency of MB. The significant increase in the release of genes from the PSP@MB complexes was achieved upon ultrasound exposure. The positive surface charge in PSP@MB can condense the plasmid through electrostatic interactions; agarose-gel electrophoresis further confirmed the ability of PSP@MB to condense plasmids. The morphology, particle sizes and zeta potential of PSP@MB were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Results Laser confocal microscopy showed that the combination of ultrasound with PSP@MB could promote the cellular uptake of plasmids. Plasmids which encode enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) reporter genes or luciferase reporter genes were delivered to CSCs in vitro and to subcutaneous xenografts in vivo via the combination of ultrasound with PSP@MB. Gene transfection efficiency was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and In Vivo Imaging Systems. This study demonstrated that the combination of ultrasound with PSP@MB can remarkably promote gene delivery to solid tumors as well as diminishing the toxicity towards normal tissues in vivo. The combination of PSP@MB and the use of ultrasound can efficiently enhance accumulation, extravasation and penetration into solid tumors. Conclusion Taken together, our study showed that this novel PSP@MB and ultrasound-mediated gene delivery system could efficiently target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liufu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Experimental Center, The Liwan Hospital of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Experimental Center, The Liwan Hospital of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Tu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Experimental Center, The Liwan Hospital of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Experimental Center, The Liwan Hospital of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsui Yu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Experimental Center, The Liwan Hospital of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Experimental Center, The Liwan Hospital of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pintong Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Experimental Center, The Liwan Hospital of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, People's Republic of China
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ALDH-Dependent Glycolytic Activation Mediates Stemness and Paclitaxel Resistance in Patient-Derived Spheroid Models of Uterine Endometrial Cancer. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:730-746. [PMID: 31564647 PMCID: PMC6829754 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine endometrial cancer is associated with poor survival outcomes in patients with advanced-stage disease. Here, we developed a three-dimensional cell cultivation method of endometrioid cancer stem-like cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity from clinical specimens. ALDH inhibition synergized with paclitaxel to block cancer proliferation. In the clinical setting, high ALDH1A1 expression was associated with poor survival. A high level of ALDH correlated with an increase of glucose uptake, activation of the glycolytic pathway, and elevation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Blockade of GLUT1 inhibited characteristics of cancer stem cells. Similarly to ALDH inhibition, GLUT1 inhibition synergized with paclitaxel to block endometrial cancer proliferation. Our data indicated that ALDH-dependent GLUT1 activation and the resulting glycolytic activation are of clinical importance for both prognostic evaluation and therapeutic decision-making in endometrial cancer patients. In addition, the synergistic effects of taxane compounds and ALDH or GLUT1 inhibitors may serve as a new clinical treatment option for endometrial cancer. Establishment of patient-derived endometrial cancer stem cells with ALDH activity Endometrial cancer stemness depends on ALDH-mediated glycolysis via GLUT1 High ALDH and GLUT expression is associated with poor outcome in endometrial cancer Paclitaxel and ALDH or GLUT inhibitor synergistically suppress endometrial cancer
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Wu Z, Liu Z, Jiang X, Mi Z, Meng M, Wang H, Zhao J, Zheng B, Yuan Z. Depleting PTOV1 sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer cells to chemotherapy through attenuating cancer stem cell traits. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:341. [PMID: 31387622 PMCID: PMC6685258 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Prostate tumor over expressed gene 1 (PTOV1) has been reported as an oncogene in several human cancers. However, the clinical significance and biological role of PTOV1 remain elusive in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data and NCBI/GEO data mining, western blotting analysis and immunohistochemistry were employed to characterize the expression of PTOV1 in NSCLC cell lines and tissues. The clinical significance of PTOV1 in NSCLC was studied by immunohistochemistry statistical analysis and Kaplan–Meier Plotter database mining. A series of in-vivo and in-vitro assays, including colony formation, CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry, wound healing, trans-well assay, tumor sphere formation, quantitative PCR, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immunostaining and xenografts tumor model, were performed to demonstrate the effects of PTOV1 on chemosensitivity of NSCLC cells and the underlying mechanisms. Results PTOV1 is overexpressed in NSCLC cell lines and tissues. High PTOV1 level indicates a short survival time and poor response to chemotherapy of NSCLC patients. Depleting PTOV1 increased sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs cisplatin and docetaxel by increasing cell apoptosis, inhibiting cell migration and invasion. Our study verified that depleting PTOV1 attenuated cancer stem cell traits through impairing DKK1/β-catenin signaling to enhance chemosensitivity of NSCLC cells. Conclusion These results suggest that PTOV1 plays an important role in the development and progression of human NSCLC and PTOV1 may serve as a therapeutic target for NSCLC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1349-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiangli Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zeyun Mi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Maobin Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jinlin Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Boyu Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhiyong Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Shiba S, Ikeda K, Suzuki T, Shintani D, Okamoto K, Horie-Inoue K, Hasegawa K, Inoue S. Hormonal Regulation of Patient-Derived Endometrial Cancer Stem-like Cells Generated by Three-Dimensional Culture. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1895-1906. [PMID: 31265065 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade and early-stage endometrial cancer usually has a favorable prognosis, whereas recurrent or metastatic disease is often difficult to cure. Thus, the molecular mechanisms underlying advanced pathophysiology remain to be elucidated. From the perspective of the origin of advanced endometrial cancer, the characterization of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) will be the first step toward the development of clinical management. We established long-term culturable patient-derived cancer cells (PDCs) from patient endometrial tumors by spheroid cell culture, which is favorable for the enrichment of CSCs. PDC-derived xenograft tumors were generated in immunodeficient NOD/Shi-scid, IL-2RγKO Jic mice. Morphologically, PDCs derived from three distinct patient samples and their xenograft tumors recapitulated the corresponding original patient tumors. Of note, CSC-related genes including ALDH1A1 were upregulated in all of these PDCs, and the therapeutic potentiality of aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors was demonstrated. In addition, these PDCs and their patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models exhibited distinct characteristics on the basis of their hormone responsiveness and metastatic features. Interestingly, genes associated with inflammation and tumor immunity were upregulated by 17β-estradiol in PDC lines with high estrogen receptor expression and were also overexpressed in secondary PDCs obtained from metastatic tumor models. These results suggest that PDC and PDX models from endometrial cancer specimens would be useful to elucidate CSC traits and to develop alternative diagnostic and therapeutic options for advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Shiba
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikeda
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shintani
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniko Horie-Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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Efficient use of patient-derived organoids as a preclinical model for gynecologic tumors. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 154:189-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Namekawa T, Ikeda K, Horie-Inoue K, Suzuki T, Okamoto K, Ichikawa T, Yano A, Kawakami S, Inoue S. ALDH1A1 in patient-derived bladder cancer spheroids activates retinoic acid signaling leading to TUBB3 overexpression and tumor progression. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1099-1113. [PMID: 31187490 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acquired chemoresistance is a critical issue for advanced bladder cancer patients during long-term treatment. Recent studies reveal that a fraction of tumor cells with enhanced tumor-initiating potential, or cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), may particularly contribute to acquired chemoresistance and recurrence. Thus, CSC characterization will be the first step towards understanding the mechanisms underlying advanced disease. Here we generated long-term patient-derived cancer cells (PDCs) from bladder cancer patient specimens in spheroid culture, which is favorable for CSC enrichment. Pathological features of bladder cancer PDCs and PDC-dependent patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were basically similar to those of their corresponding patients' specimens. Notably, CSC marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), a critical enzyme that synthesizes retinoic acid (RA), was abundantly expressed in PDCs. ALDH1A1 inhibitors and shRNAs repressed both PDC proliferation and spheroid formation, whereas all-trans RA could rescue ALDH1A1 shRNA-suppressed spheroid formation. ALDH inhibitor also reduced the in vivo growth of PDC-derived xenografts. ALDH1A1 knockdown study showed that tubulin beta III (TUBB3) was one of the downregulated genes in PDCs. We identified functional RA response elements in TUBB3 promoter, whose transcriptional activities were substantially activated by RA. Clinical survival database reveals that TUBB3 expression may associate with poor prognosis in bladder cancer patients. Moreover, TUBB3 knockdown was sufficient to suppress PDC proliferation and spheroid formation. Taken together, our results indicate that ALDH1A1 and its putative downstream target TUBB3 are overexpressed in bladder cancer, and those molecules could be applied to alternative diagnostic and therapeutic options for advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Namekawa
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikeda
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Kuniko Horie-Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yano
- Department of Urology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Satoru Kawakami
- Department of Urology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Japan.,Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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Current Status of Patient-Derived Ovarian Cancer Models. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050505. [PMID: 31130643 PMCID: PMC6562658 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the leading causes of female cancer death. Recent studies have documented its extensive variations as a disease entity, in terms of cell or tissue of origin, pre-cancerous lesions, common mutations, and therapeutic responses, leading to the notion that OC is a generic term referring to a whole range of different cancer subtypes. Despite such heterogeneity, OC treatment is stereotypic; aggressive surgery followed by conventional chemotherapy could result in chemo-resistant diseases. Whereas molecular-targeted therapies will become shortly available for a subset of OC, there still remain many patients without effective drugs, requiring development of groundbreaking therapeutic agents. In preclinical studies for drug discovery, cancer cell lines used to be the gold standard, but now this has declined due to frequent failure in predicting therapeutic responses in patients. In this regard, patient-derived cells and tumors are gaining more attention in precise and physiological modeling of in situ tumors, which could also pave the way to implementation of precision medicine. In this article, we comprehensively overviewed the current status of various platforms for patient-derived OC models. We highly appreciate the potentials of organoid culture in achieving high success rate and retaining tumor heterogeneity.
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Bregenzer ME, Horst EN, Mehta P, Novak CM, Raghavan S, Snyder CS, Mehta G. Integrated cancer tissue engineering models for precision medicine. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216564. [PMID: 31075118 PMCID: PMC6510431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are not merely cancerous cells that undergo mindless proliferation. Rather, they are highly organized and interconnected organ systems. Tumor cells reside in complex microenvironments in which they are subjected to a variety of physical and chemical stimuli that influence cell behavior and ultimately the progression and maintenance of the tumor. As cancer bioengineers, it is our responsibility to create physiologic models that enable accurate understanding of the multi-dimensional structure, organization, and complex relationships in diverse tumor microenvironments. Such models can greatly expedite clinical discovery and translation by closely replicating the physiological conditions while maintaining high tunability and control of extrinsic factors. In this review, we discuss the current models that target key aspects of the tumor microenvironment and their role in cancer progression. In order to address sources of experimental variation and model limitations, we also make recommendations for methods to improve overall physiologic reproducibility, experimental repeatability, and rigor within the field. Improvements can be made through an enhanced emphasis on mathematical modeling, standardized in vitro model characterization, transparent reporting of methodologies, and designing experiments with physiological metrics. Taken together these considerations will enhance the relevance of in vitro tumor models, biological understanding, and accelerate treatment exploration ultimately leading to improved clinical outcomes. Moreover, the development of robust, user-friendly models that integrate important stimuli will allow for the in-depth study of tumors as they undergo progression from non-transformed primary cells to metastatic disease and facilitate translation to a wide variety of biological and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Bregenzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Eric N. Horst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Pooja Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Caymen M. Novak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Catherine S. Snyder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Rogel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Spurlock B, Gupta P, Basu MK, Mukherjee A, Hjelmeland AB, Darley-Usmar V, Parker D, Foxall ME, Mitra K. New quantitative approach reveals heterogeneity in mitochondrial structure-function relations in tumor-initiating cells. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.230755. [PMID: 30910831 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Steady-state mitochondrial structure or morphology is primarily maintained by a balance of opposing fission and fusion events between individual mitochondria, which is collectively referred to as mitochondrial dynamics. The details of the bidirectional relationship between the status of mitochondrial dynamics (structure) and energetics (function) require methods to integrate these mitochondrial aspects. To study the quantitative relationship between the status of mitochondrial dynamics (fission, fusion, matrix continuity and diameter) and energetics (ATP and redox), we have developed an analytical approach called mito-SinCe2 After validating and providing proof of principle, we applied mito-SinCe2 on ovarian tumor-initiating cells (ovTICs). Mito-SinCe2 analyses led to the hypothesis that mitochondria-dependent ovTICs interconvert between three states, that have distinct relationships between mitochondrial energetics and dynamics. Interestingly, fusion and ATP increase linearly with each other only once a certain level of fusion is attained. Moreover, mitochondrial dynamics status changes linearly with ATP or with redox, but not simultaneously with both. Furthermore, mito-SinCe2 analyses can potentially predict new quantitative features of the opposing fission versus fusion relationship and classify cells into functional classes based on their mito-SinCe2 states.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Spurlock
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Malay Kumar Basu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Avik Mukherjee
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell Development and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Danitra Parker
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - McKenzie E Foxall
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kasturi Mitra
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Takahashi RU, Prieto-Vila M, Kohama I, Ochiya T. Development of miRNA-based therapeutic approaches for cancer patients. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1140-1147. [PMID: 30729639 PMCID: PMC6447849 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, siRNA and miRNA have attracted a great deal of attention from researchers and clinicians. These molecules have been extensively studied from the standpoint of developing biopharmaceuticals against various diseases, including heart disease, diabetes and cancers. siRNA suppresses only a single target, whereas each miRNA regulates the expression of multiple target genes. More importantly, because miRNA are also secreted from cancer cells, and their aberrant expression is associated with tumor development and progression, they represent not only therapeutic targets but also promising biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, miRNA may be more effective tools against cancers, in which multiple signal pathways are dysregulated. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the development of miRNA therapeutics for the treatment of cancer patients, and describe delivery systems for oligonucleotide therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryou-U Takahashi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Marta Prieto-Vila
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isaku Kohama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Han S, Huang T, Wu X, Wang X, Li W, Liu S, Yang W, Shi Q, Li H, Shi K, Hou F. Prognostic value of ALDH1 and Nestin in advanced cancer: a systematic meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919830831. [PMID: 30833990 PMCID: PMC6393950 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919830831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for advanced cancer are urgently needed. This report with trial sequential analysis (TSA) was first conducted to provide robust estimates of the correlation between aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and Nestin and clinical outcomes of advanced cancer patients. Methods Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were summarized for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), relapse/recurrence-free survival (RFS), and metastasis-free survival (MFS) from multivariable analysis. TSA was performed to control for random errors. Results A total of 20 studies with 2050 patients (ALDH1: 15 studies with 1557 patients and Nestin: 5 studies with 493 patients) were identified. ALDH1 (HR = 2.28, p < 0.001) and Nestin (HR = 2.39, p < 0.001) were associated with a worse OS, as confirmed by TSA. Nestin positivity was linked to a poor PFS (HR = 2.08, p < 0.001), but ALDH1 was not linked to DFS, RFS, MFS, or PFS, and TSA showed that more studies were needed. Subgroup analysis by tumor type indicated that ALDH1 positivity may be associated with shorter OS in breast, head and neck cancers, but there was no association with colorectal cancer. Subgroup analysis by study source showed that ALDH1 positivity was correlated with a worse OS for Japanese (HR = 1.94, p = 0.002) and European patients (HR = 4.15, p < 0.001), but there was no association for Chinese patients. Subgroup analysis by survival rate showed that ALDH1 positivity correlated with poor OS at ⩾ 5 years (HR = 2.33, p < 0.001) or 10 years (HR = 1.76, p = 0.038). Conclusions ALDH1 may be more valuable as an effective therapeutic target than Nestin for improving the long-term survival rate of advanced cancer. Additional prospective clinical trials are needed across different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Han
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Road, Shanghai 200071, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyu Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjia Li
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunhe Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenggang Hou
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Road, Shanghai 200071, People's Republic of China
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Namekawa T, Ikeda K, Horie-Inoue K, Inoue S. Application of Prostate Cancer Models for Preclinical Study: Advantages and Limitations of Cell Lines, Patient-Derived Xenografts, and Three-Dimensional Culture of Patient-Derived Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010074. [PMID: 30669516 PMCID: PMC6357050 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various preclinical models have been developed to clarify the pathophysiology of prostate cancer (PCa). Traditional PCa cell lines from clinical metastatic lesions, as exemplified by DU-145, PC-3, and LNCaP cells, are useful tools to define mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Cell line-based experiments, however, have limitations for preclinical studies because those cells are basically adapted to 2-dimensional monolayer culture conditions, in which the majority of primary PCa cells cannot survive. Recent tissue engineering enables generation of PCa patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from both primary and metastatic lesions. Compared with fresh PCa tissue transplantation in athymic mice, co-injection of PCa tissues with extracellular matrix in highly immunodeficient mice has remarkably improved the success rate of PDX generation. PDX models have advantages to appropriately recapitulate the molecular diversity, cellular heterogeneity, and histology of original patient tumors. In contrast to PDX models, patient-derived organoid and spheroid PCa models in 3-dimensional culture are more feasible tools for in vitro studies for retaining the characteristics of patient tumors. In this article, we review PCa preclinical model cell lines and their sublines, PDXs, and patient-derived organoid and spheroid models. These PCa models will be applied to the development of new strategies for cancer precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Namekawa
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Ikeda
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
| | - Kuniko Horie-Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
- Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
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Al-Alem LF, Pandya UM, Baker AT, Bellio C, Zarrella BD, Clark J, DiGloria CM, Rueda BR. Ovarian cancer stem cells: What progress have we made? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 107:92-103. [PMID: 30572025 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in the United States primarily due to lack of a reliable early diagnostic, high incidence of chemo-resistant recurrent disease as well as profuse tumor heterogeneity. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) continue to gain attention, as they are known to resist chemotherapy, self-renew and re-populate the bulk tumor with undifferentiated and differentiated cells. Moreover, CSCs appear to readily adapt to environmental, immunologic and pharmacologic cues. The plasticity and ability to inactivate or activate signaling pathways promoting their longevity has been, and continues to be, the challenge faced in developing successful CSC targeted therapies. Identifying and understanding unique ovarian CSC markers and the pathways they utilize could reveal new therapeutic opportunities that may offer alternative adjuvant treatment options. Herein, we will discuss the current state of ovarian CSC characterization, their contribution to disease resistance, recurrence and shed light on clinical trials that may target the CSC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linah F Al-Alem
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Unnati M Pandya
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Baker
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chiara Bellio
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bianca D Zarrella
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Celeste M DiGloria
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bo R Rueda
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wang L, Xu T, Cui M. Are ovarian cancer stem cells the target for innovative immunotherapy? Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2615-2626. [PMID: 29780254 PMCID: PMC5951213 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s155458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of cancer cells with the ability of self-renewal and differentiation, are believed to be responsible for tumor generation, progression, metastasis, and relapse. Ovarian cancer, the most malignant gynecological cancer, has consistent pathology behavior with CSC model, which suggests that therapies based on ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) can gain a more successful prognosis. Much evidence has proved that epigenetic mechanism played an important role in tumor formation and sustainment. Since CSCs are generally resistant to conventional therapies (chemotherapy and radiotherapy), immunotherapy is a more effective method that has been implemented in the clinic. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell, an adoptive cellular immunotherapy, which results in apparent elimination of tumor in both hematologic and solid cancers, could be used for ovarian cancer. This review covers the basic conception of CSCs and OCSCs, the implication of epigenetic mechanism underlying cancer evolution considering CSC model, the immunotherapies reported for ovarian cancer targeting OCSCs currently, and the relationship between immune system and hierarchy cancer organized by CSCs. Particularly, the promising prospects and potential pitfalls of targeting OCSC surface markers to design CAR-T cellular immunotherapy are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Manhua Cui
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Tanwar DK, Parker DJ, Gupta P, Spurlock B, Alvarez RD, Basu MK, Mitra K. Crosstalk between the mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1, and the cell cycle is identified across various cancer types and can impact survival of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60021-60037. [PMID: 27509055 PMCID: PMC5312366 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of tumorigenesis. Although mitochondrial function can impact cell cycle regulation it has been an understudied area in cancer research. Our study highlights a specific involvement of mitochondria in cell cycle regulation across cancer types. The mitochondrial fission process, which is regulated at the core by Drp1, impacts various cellular functions. Drp1 has been implicated in various cancer types with no common mechanism reported. Our Drp1-directed large-scale analyses of the publically available cancer genomes reveal a robust correlation of Drp1 with cell-cycle genes in 29 of the 31 cancer types examined. Hypothesis driven investigation on epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) revealed that Drp1 co-expresses specifically with the cell-cycle module responsible for mitotic transition. Repression of Drp1 in EOC cells can specifically attenuate mitotic transition, establishing a potential casual role of Drp1 in mitotic transition. Interestingly, Drp1-Cell-Cycle co-expression module is specifically detected in primary epithelial ovarian tumors that robustly responded to chemotherapy, suggesting that Drp1 driven mitosis may underlie chemo-sensitivity of the primary tumors. Analyses of matched primary and relapsed EOC samples revealed a Drp1-based-gene-expression-signature that could identify patients with poor survival probabilities from their primary tumors. Our results imply that around 60% of platinum-sensitive EOC patients undergoing relapse show poor survival, potentially due to further activation of a mitochondria driven cell-cycle regime in their recurrent disease. We speculate that this patient group could possibly benefit from mitochondria directed therapies that are being currently evaluated at various levels, thus enabling targeted or personalized therapy based cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Tanwar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Danitra J Parker
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brian Spurlock
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ronald D Alvarez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Malay Kumar Basu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kasturi Mitra
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Ovarian Cancers: Genetic Abnormalities, Tumor Heterogeneity and Progression, Clonal Evolution and Cancer Stem Cells. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5010016. [PMID: 29389895 PMCID: PMC5874581 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Four main histological subtypes of ovarian cancer exist: serous (the most frequent), endometrioid, mucinous and clear cell; in each subtype, low and high grade. The large majority of ovarian cancers are diagnosed as high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGS-OvCas). TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in HGS-OvCas; about 50% of these tumors displayed defective homologous recombination due to germline and somatic BRCA mutations, epigenetic inactivation of BRCA and abnormalities of DNA repair genes; somatic copy number alterations are frequent in these tumors and some of them are associated with prognosis; defective NOTCH, RAS/MEK, PI3K and FOXM1 pathway signaling is frequent. Other histological subtypes were characterized by a different mutational spectrum: LGS-OvCas have increased frequency of BRAF and RAS mutations; mucinous cancers have mutation in ARID1A, PIK3CA, PTEN, CTNNB1 and RAS. Intensive research was focused to characterize ovarian cancer stem cells, based on positivity for some markers, including CD133, CD44, CD117, CD24, EpCAM, LY6A, ALDH1. Ovarian cancer cells have an intrinsic plasticity, thus explaining that in a single tumor more than one cell subpopulation, may exhibit tumor-initiating capacity. The improvements in our understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of ovarian cancers should lead to more efficacious treatments.
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Nawroth J, Rogal J, Weiss M, Brucker SY, Loskill P. Organ-on-a-Chip Systems for Women's Health Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28985032 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical research, for a long time, has paid little attention to the influence of sex in many areas of study, ranging from molecular and cellular biology to animal models and clinical studies on human subjects. Many studies solely rely on male cells/tissues/animals/humans, although there are profound differences in male and female physiology, which can significantly impact disease mechanisms, toxicity of compounds, and efficacy of pharmaceuticals. In vitro systems have been traditionally very limited in their capacity to recapitulate female-specific physiology and anatomy such as dynamic sex-hormone levels and the complex interdependencies of female reproductive tract organs. However, the advent of microphysiological organ-on-a-chip systems, which attempt to recreate the 3D structure and function of human organs, now gives researchers the opportunity to integrate cells and tissues from a variety of individuals. Moreover, adding a dynamic flow environment allows mimicking endocrine signaling during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, as well as providing a controlled microfluidic environment for pharmacokinetic modeling. This review gives an introduction into preclinical and clinical research on women's health and discusses where organ-on-a-chip systems are already utilized or have the potential to deliver new insights and enable entirely new types of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Rogal
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB; Nobelstrasse 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Martin Weiss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; University Medicine Tübingen; Calwerstrasse 7 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Sara Y. Brucker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; University Medicine Tübingen; Calwerstrasse 7 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB; Nobelstrasse 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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47
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Yan S, Wu G. Could ALDH2 *2 be the reason for low incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer for East Asia women? Oncotarget 2017; 9:12503-12512. [PMID: 29552329 PMCID: PMC5844765 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is curious that East Asian women have a low incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in various epidemiological studies. Although different explanations were given, they appear unsubstantial. We notice that East Asian population usually are inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 mutation (ALDH2 * 2) carriers, and ALDH plays an important role in the resistance of ovarian cancer to chemotherapeutics, especially in ovarian cancer stem cells. Therefore, we hypothesize whether ALDH2 mutation is the major reason for low incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in East Asian women, and use the evidence from literature, transcriptomic data with average 5-year overall survival to confirm our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Yan
- Bioscience and Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Guang Wu
- Bioscience and Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
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House CD, Jordan E, Hernandez L, Ozaki M, James JM, Kim M, Kruhlak MJ, Batchelor E, Elloumi F, Cam MC, Annunziata CM. NFκB Promotes Ovarian Tumorigenesis via Classical Pathways That Support Proliferative Cancer Cells and Alternative Pathways That Support ALDH + Cancer Stem-like Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6927-6940. [PMID: 29074539 PMCID: PMC5732863 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms supporting tumor-initiating cells (TIC) is vital to combat advanced-stage recurrent cancers. Here, we show that in advanced ovarian cancers NFκB signaling via the RelB transcription factor supports TIC populations by directly regulating the cancer stem-like associated enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Loss of RelB significantly inhibited spheroid formation, ALDH expression and activity, chemoresistance, and tumorigenesis in subcutaneous and intrabursal mouse xenograft models of human ovarian cancer. RelB also affected expression of the ALDH gene ALDH1A2 Interestingly, classical NFκB signaling through the RelA transcription factor was equally important for tumorigenesis in the intrabursal model, but had no effect on ALDH. In this case, classical signaling via RelA was essential for proliferating cells, whereas the alternative signaling pathway was not. Our results show how NFκB sustains diverse cancer phenotypes via distinct classical and alternative signaling pathways, with implications for improved understanding of disease recurrence and therapeutic response. Cancer Res; 77(24); 6927-40. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie D House
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth Jordan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lidia Hernandez
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michelle Ozaki
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jana M James
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marianne Kim
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael J Kruhlak
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric Batchelor
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fathi Elloumi
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Margaret C Cam
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Somasagara RR, Spencer SM, Tripathi K, Clark DW, Mani C, da Silva LM, Scalici J, Kothayer H, Westwell AD, Rocconi RP, Palle K. RAD6 promotes DNA repair and stem cell signaling in ovarian cancer and is a promising therapeutic target to prevent and treat acquired chemoresistance. Oncogene 2017; 36:6680-6690. [PMID: 28806395 PMCID: PMC5709226 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most deadly gynecological cancer and unlike most other neoplasms, survival rates for OC have not significantly improved in recent decades. We show that RAD6, an ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, is significantly overexpressed in ovarian tumors and its expression increases in response to carboplatin chemotherapy. RAD6 expression correlated strongly with acquired chemoresistance and malignant behavior of OC cells, expression of stem cell genes and poor prognosis of OC patients, suggesting an important role for RAD6 in ovarian tumor progression. Upregulated RAD6 enhances DNA damage tolerance and repair efficiency of OC cells and promotes their survival. Increased RAD6 levels cause histone 2B ubiquitination-mediated epigenetic changes that stimulate transcription of stem cell genes, including ALDH1A1 and SOX2, leading to a cancer stem cell phenotype, which is implicated in disease recurrence and metastasis. Downregulation of RAD6 or its inhibition using a small molecule inhibitor attenuated DNA repair signaling and expression of cancer stem cells markers and sensitized chemoresistant OC cells to carboplatin. Together, these results suggest that RAD6 could be a therapeutic target to prevent and treat acquired chemoresistance and disease recurrence in OC and enhance the efficacy of standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranganatha R. Somasagara
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | - Sebastian M. Spencer
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | - Kaushlendra Tripathi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | - David W. Clark
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | - Chinnadurai Mani
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | - Luciana Madeira da Silva
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | - Jennifer Scalici
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | - Hend Kothayer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Andrew D. Westwell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, Wales, UK
| | - Rodney P. Rocconi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, Alabama 36604, USA
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50
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Ishiguro T, Ohata H, Sato A, Yamawaki K, Enomoto T, Okamoto K. Tumor-derived spheroids: Relevance to cancer stem cells and clinical applications. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:283-289. [PMID: 28064442 PMCID: PMC5378268 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, many types of in vitro 3‐D culture systems have been developed to recapitulate the in vivo growth conditions of cancer. The cancer 3‐D culture methods aim to preserve the biological characteristics of original tumors better than conventional 2‐D monolayer cultures, and include tumor‐derived organoids, tumor‐derived spheroids, organotypic multicellular spheroids, and multicellular tumor spheroids. The 3‐D culture methods differ in terms of cancer cell sources, protocols for cell handling, and the required time intervals. Tumor‐derived spheroids are unique because they are purposed for the enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs) or cells with stem cell‐related characteristics. These spheroids are grown as floating spheres and have been used as surrogate systems to evaluate the CSC‐related characteristics of solid tumors in vitro. Because eradication of CSCs is likely to be of clinical importance due to their association with the malignant nature of cancer cells, such as tumorigenicity or chemoresistance, the investigation of tumor‐derived spheroids may provide invaluable clues to fight against cancer. Spheroid cultures have been established from cancers including glioma, breast, colon, ovary, and prostate cancers, and their biological and biochemical characteristics have been investigated by many research groups. In addition to the investigation of CSCs, tumor‐derived spheroids may prove to be instrumental for a high‐throughput screening platform or for the cultivation of CSC‐related tumor cells found in the circulation or body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ishiguro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical School, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohata
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Sato
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamawaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical School, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical School, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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