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Song P, Zhang W, Guo S, Wang G, Gao T, Li C, Liu L. Membranal Expression of Calreticulin Induced by Unfolded Protein Response in Melanocytes: A Mechanism Underlying Oxidative Stress-Induced Autoimmunity in Vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1622-1632.e5. [PMID: 38246583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT), a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, is reported to translocate from the endoplasmic reticulum to the membrane in melanocytes under oxidative stress. To investigate the potential role of CRT in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, we analyzed the correlation between CRT and ROS in serum and lesions of vitiligo, detected CRT and protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) expression in vitiligo lesions, and studied the production of CRT and mediators of unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway and then tested the chemotactic migration of CD8+ T cells or CD11c+ CD86+ cells. Initially, we verified the overexpression of CRT in perilesional epidermis that was positively correlated with the disease severity of vitiligo. Furthermore, the PERK branch of UPR was confirmed to be responsible for the overexpression and membranal translocation of CRT in melanocytes under oxidative stress. We also found that oxidative stress-induced membranal translocation of CRT promoted the activation and migration of CD8+ T cells in vitiligo. In addition, dendritic cells from patients with vitiligo were also prone to maturation with the coincubation of melanocytes harboring membranal CRT. CRT could be induced on the membrane of melanocytes through UPR and might play a role in oxidative stress-triggered CD8+ T-cell response in vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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2
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Gulla A, Morelli E, Johnstone M, Turi M, Samur MK, Botta C, Cifric S, Folino P, Vinaixa D, Barello F, Clericuzio C, Favasuli VK, Maisano D, Talluri S, Prabhala R, Bianchi G, Fulciniti M, Wen K, Kurata K, Liu J, Penailillo J, Bragoni A, Sapino A, Richardson PG, Chauhan D, Carrasco RD, Hideshima T, Munshi NC, Anderson KC. Loss of GABARAP mediates resistance to immunogenic chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. Blood 2024; 143:2612-2626. [PMID: 38551812 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a form of cell death by which cancer treatments can induce a clinically relevant antitumor immune response in a broad range of cancers. In multiple myeloma (MM), the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is an ICD inducer and creates durable therapeutic responses in patients. However, eventual relapse and resistance to bortezomib appear inevitable. Here, by integrating patient transcriptomic data with an analysis of calreticulin (CRT) protein interactors, we found that GABA type A receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) is a key player whose loss prevented tumor cell death from being perceived as immunogenic after bortezomib treatment. GABARAP is located on chromosome 17p, which is commonly deleted in patients with high risk MM. GABARAP deletion impaired the exposure of the eat-me signal CRT on the surface of dying MM cells in vitro and in vivo, thus reducing tumor cell phagocytosis by dendritic cells and the subsequent antitumor T-cell response. Low GABARAP was independently associated with shorter survival in patients with MM and reduced tumor immune infiltration. Mechanistically, we found that GABARAP deletion blocked ICD signaling by decreasing autophagy and altering Golgi apparatus morphology, with consequent defects in the downstream vesicular transport of CRT. Conversely, upregulating autophagy using rapamycin restored Golgi morphology, CRT exposure, and ICD signaling in GABARAPKO cells undergoing bortezomib treatment. Therefore, coupling an ICD inducer, such as bortezomib, with an autophagy inducer, such as rapamycin, may improve patient outcomes in MM, in which low GABARAP in the form of del(17p) is common and leads to worse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Gulla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Eugenio Morelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Megan Johnstone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marcello Turi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Mehmet K Samur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Cirino Botta
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Selma Cifric
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pietro Folino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Delaney Vinaixa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Francesca Barello
- Department of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Cole Clericuzio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Vanessa Katia Favasuli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Domenico Maisano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Srikanth Talluri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Rao Prabhala
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Giada Bianchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mariateresa Fulciniti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Keiji Kurata
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jiye Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Johany Penailillo
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alberto Bragoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Sapino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dharminder Chauhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ruben D Carrasco
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Teru Hideshima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Chen MY, Zhang F, Goedegebuure SP, Gillanders WE. Dendritic cell subsets and implications for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393451. [PMID: 38903502 PMCID: PMC11188312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in the orchestration of effective T cell responses against tumors. However, their functional behavior is context-dependent. DC type, transcriptional program, location, intratumoral factors, and inflammatory milieu all impact DCs with regard to promoting or inhibiting tumor immunity. The following review introduces important facets of DC function, and how subset and phenotype can affect the interplay of DCs with other factors in the tumor microenvironment. It will also discuss how current cancer treatment relies on DC function, and survey the myriad ways with which immune therapy can more directly harness DCs to enact antitumor cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y. Chen
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Felicia Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Simon Peter Goedegebuure
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - William E. Gillanders
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Larson AC, Doty KR, Solheim JC. The double life of a chemotherapy drug: Immunomodulatory functions of gemcitabine in cancer. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7287. [PMID: 38770637 PMCID: PMC11106691 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the development of immunotherapies has been revolutionary in the treatment of several cancers, many cancer types remain unresponsive to immune-based treatment and are largely managed by chemotherapy drugs. However, chemotherapeutics are not infallible and are frequently rendered ineffective as resistance develops from prolonged exposure. Recent investigations have indicated that some chemotherapy drugs have additional functions beyond their normative cytotoxic capacity and are in fact immune-modifying agents. Of the pharmaceuticals with identified immune-editing properties, gemcitabine is well-studied and of interest to clinicians and scientists alike. Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy drug approved for the treatment of multiple cancers, including breast, lung, pancreatic, and ovarian. Because of its broad applications, relatively low toxicity profile, and history as a favorable combinatory partner, there is promise in the recharacterization of gemcitabine in the context of the immune system. Such efforts may allow the identification of suitable immunotherapeutic combinations, wherein gemcitabine can be used as a priming agent to improve immunotherapy efficacy in traditionally insensitive cancers. This review looks to highlight documented immunomodulatory abilities of one of the most well-known chemotherapy agents, gemcitabine, relating to its influence on cells and proteins of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina C. Larson
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied DiseasesUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer CenterUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Kenadie R. Doty
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied DiseasesUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer CenterUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Joyce C. Solheim
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied DiseasesUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer CenterUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & ImmunologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
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Chen X, Cui Y, Zou L. Treatment advances in high-grade gliomas. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1287725. [PMID: 38660136 PMCID: PMC11039916 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1287725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGG) pose significant challenges in modern tumour therapy due to the distinct biological properties and limitations of the blood-brain barrier. This review discusses recent advancements in HGG treatment, particularly in the context of immunotherapy and cellular therapy. Initially, treatment strategies focus on targeting tumour cells guided by the molecular characteristics of various gliomas, encompassing chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy for enhanced precision. Additionally, technological enhancements are augmenting traditional treatment modalities. Furthermore, immunotherapy, emphasising comprehensive tumour management, has gained widespread attention. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines and CAR-T cells exhibit promising efficacy against recurrent HGG. Moreover, emerging therapies such as tumour treating fields (TTFields) offer additional treatment avenues for patients with HGG. The combination of diverse treatments holds promise for improving the prognosis of HGG, particularly in cases of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liqun Zou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Cho H, Kim K. Multi-functional nanomedicines for combinational cancer immunotherapy that transform cold tumors to hot tumors. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:627-638. [PMID: 38682272 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2348656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, cancer immunotherapy is widely used as a groundbreaking method that can completely cure advanced cancers. However, this new immunotherapy has the challenge of low patient response, which is often due to many patients' tumors having an immunosuppressive environment, known as cold tumors. AREAS COVERED This review aims to introduce various nanomedicine-derived combinational cancer immunotherapy that can transform cold tumor into hot tumors. Initially, we discuss new technologies for combinational immunotherapy based on multifunctional nanomedicines that can deliver combinational immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers, immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) and immune modulators (IMs) to targeted tumor tissues at the same time. Ultimately, we highlight how multifunctional nanomedicines for combinational cancer immunotherapy can be used to transform cold tumor into hot tumors against advanced cancers. EXPERT OPINION Nanomedicine-derived combinational cancer immunotherapy for delivering multiple ICD inducers, ICBs, and IMs at the same time is recognized as a new potential technology that can activate tumor immunity and simultaneously increase the therapeutic efficacy of immune cells that can transform effectively the cold tumors into hot tumors. Finally, nanomedicine-derived combinational cancer immunotherapy can solve the serious problems of low therapeutic efficacy that occurs when treating single drug or simple combinational drugs in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhee Cho
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Huang S, Liu W, Zhao Q, Chen T, Huang R, Dong L, Nian Z, Yang L. Immunogenic Cell Death-related Signature Evaluates the Tumor Microenvironment and Predicts the Prognosis in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10697-6. [PMID: 38446321 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Current literatures suggest a growing body of evidence highlighting the pivotal role of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) in multiple tumor types. Nevertheless, the potential and mechanisms of ICD in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remain inadequately studied. To address this gap, our current study aims to examine the impact of ICD on DLBCL and identify a corresponding gene signature in DLBC. Using the expression profiles of ICD-associated genes, the gene expression omnibus (GEO) samples were segregated into ICD-high and ICD-low subtypes utilizing non-negative matrix factorization clustering. Next, univariate and LASSO Cox regression analyses were employed to establish the ICD-related gene signature. Subsequently, the CIBERSORT tool, ssGSEA, and ESTIMATE algorithm were utilized to examine the association between the signature and tumor immune microenvironment of DLBC. Finally, the oncoPredict algorithm was implemented to evaluate the drug sensitivity prediction of DLBCL patients. These findings suggest that the immune microenvironment of the ICD-high group with a poor prognosis was significantly suppressed. An 8-gene ICD-related signature was identified and validated to prognosticate and evaluate the tumor immune microenvironment in DLBCL. Similarly, the high-risk group exhibited a worse prognosis compared to the low-risk group, and the immune function was considerably suppressed. Moreover, the results of oncoPredict algorithm indicated that patients in the high-risk group exhibited higher sensitivity to Cisplatin, Cytarabine, Epirubicin, Oxaliplatin, and Vincristine with low IC50. In conclusion, the present study provides novel insights into the role of ICD in DLBCL by identifying a new biomarker for the disease and may have implications for the development of immune-targeted therapies for the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Huang
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiuling Zhao
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruyi Huang
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liangliang Dong
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zilin Nian
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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8
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Workenhe ST, Inkol JM, Westerveld MJ, Verburg SG, Worfolk SM, Walsh SR, Kallio KL. Determinants for Antitumor and Protumor Effects of Programmed Cell Death. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:7-16. [PMID: 37902605 PMCID: PMC10762341 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic anticancer therapies activate programmed cell death in the context of underlying stress and inflammatory signaling to elicit the emission of danger signals, cytokines, and chemokines. In a concerted manner, these immunomodulatory secretomes stimulate antigen presentation and T cell-mediated anticancer immune responses. In some instances, cell death-associated secretomes attract immunosuppressive cells to promote tumor progression. As it stands, cancer cell death-induced changes in the tumor microenvironment that contribute to antitumor or protumor effects remain largely unknown. This is complicated to examine because cell death is often subverted by tumors to circumvent natural, and therapy-induced, immunosurveillance. Here, we provide insights into important but understudied aspects of assessing the contribution of cell death to tumor elimination or cancer progression, including the role of tumor-associated genetics, epigenetics, and oncogenic factors in subverting immunogenic cell death. This perspective will also provide insights on how future studies may address the complex antitumor and protumor immunologic effects of cell death, while accounting for variations in tumor genetics and underlying microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T. Workenhe
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordon M. Inkol
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J. Westerveld
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shayla G. Verburg
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah M. Worfolk
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott R. Walsh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaslyn L.F. Kallio
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Sun Y, Lu Z, Taylor JA, Au JLS. Quantitative image analysis of intracellular protein translocation in 3-dimensional tissues for pharmacodynamic studies of immunogenic cell death. J Control Release 2024; 365:89-100. [PMID: 37981052 PMCID: PMC11078532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
A recent development in cancer chemotherapy is to use cytotoxics to induce tumor-specific immune response through immunogenic cell death (ICD). In ICD, calreticulin is translocated from endoplasmic reticulum to cell membrane (ecto-CRT) which serves as the 'eat-me-signal' to antigen-presenting cells. Ecto-CRT measurements, e.g., by ecto-CRT immunostaining plus flow cytometry, can be used to study the pharmacodynamics of ICD in single cells, whereas ICD studies in intact 3-dimensional tissues such as human tumors require different approaches. The present study described a method that used (a) immunostaining with fluorescent antibodies followed by confocal microscopy to obtain the spatial locations of two molecules-of-interest (CRT and a marker protein WGA), and (b) machine-learning (trainable WEKA segmentation) and additional image processing tools to locate the target molecules, remove the interfering signals in the nucleus, cytosol and extracellular space, enable the distinction of the inner and outer edges of the cell membrane and thereby identify the cells with ecto-CRT. This method, when applied to 3-dimensional human bladder cancer cell spheroids, yielded drug-induced ecto-CRT measurements that were qualitatively comparable to the flow cytometry results obtained with single cells disaggregated from spheroids. This new method was applied to study drug-induced ICD in short-term cultures of surgical specimens of human patient bladder tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States of America
| | - Ze Lu
- Institute of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology, Carlsbad, CA 92008, United States of America; Optimum Therapeutics LLC, Carlsbad, CA 92008, United States of America
| | - John A Taylor
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States of America
| | - Jessie L S Au
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States of America; Institute of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology, Carlsbad, CA 92008, United States of America; Optimum Therapeutics LLC, Carlsbad, CA 92008, United States of America; College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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10
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Singh T, Bhattacharya M, Mavi AK, Gulati A, Rakesh, Sharma NK, Gaur S, Kumar U. Immunogenicity of cancer cells: An overview. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110952. [PMID: 38084844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The immune system assumes a pivotal role in the organism's capacity to discern and obliterate malignant cells. The immunogenicity of a cancer cell pertains to its proficiency in inciting an immunological response. The prowess of immunogenicity stands as a pivotal determinant in the triumph of formulating immunotherapeutic methodologies. Immunotherapeutic strategies include immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and on vaccines. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) epitomizes a form of cellular demise that incites an immune response against dying cells. ICD is characterized by the liberation of distinct specific molecules that activate the immune system, thereby leading to the identification and elimination of dying cells by immunocytes. One of the salient characteristics inherent to the ICD phenomenon resides in the vigorous liberation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by cellular entities dedicated to embarking upon the process of programmed cell death, yet refraining from complete apoptotic demise. ICD is initiated by a sequence of molecular events that occur during cell death. These occurrences encompass the unveiling or discharge of molecules such as calreticulin, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from dying cells. These molecules act as "eat me" signals, which are recognized by immune cells, thereby prompting the engulfment and deterioration of expiring cells by phagocytes including various pathways such as Necroptosis, Apoptosis, and pyroptosis. Here, we review our current understanding of the pathophysiological importance of the immune responses against dying cells and the mechanisms underlying their activation. Overall, the ICD represents an important mechanism by which the immune system recognizes and eliminates dying cells, including cancer cells. Understanding the molecular events that underlie ICD bears the potential to engender innovative cancer therapeutics that harness the power of the immune system to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Madhuri Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mavi
- Department of Botany, Sri Aurobindo College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110017, India.
| | - Anita Gulati
- Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110078, India
| | - Rakesh
- Janki Devi Memorial College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110060, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sonal Gaur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Umesh Kumar
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), NH9, Adhyatmik Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201015, India.
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Luo H, Sun Y, Wang L, Liu H, Zhao R, Song M, Ge H. Targeting endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation pathway combined with radiotherapy enhances the immunogenicity of esophageal cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2023; 24:2166763. [PMID: 36907982 PMCID: PMC10026871 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2166763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is essential for the activation of immune system against cancer. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation (ERAD) inhibitors (EerI and NMS-873) in enhancing radiation-induced ICD in esophageal cancer (EC). EC cells were administered with ERAD inhibitors, radiation therapy (RT), and the combination treatment. ICD hallmarks including calreticulin (CALR), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) were detected. The efficacy of ERAD inhibitors combined with RT in stimulating ICD was analyzed. Additionally, the role of ICD hallmarks in immune cell infiltration and patient survival was investigated. Inhibiting ERAD pathways was able to stimulate ICD component emission from dying EC cells in a dose-dependent pattern. Radiation-induced ICD was significantly increased after high doses RT (≥10 Gy). ERAD inhibitor combined with moderate dose RT (≥6 Gy) was capable of stimulating increased ICD in EC cells. Dual therapy could elicit the antitumor immune response by enhancing dendritic cells maturation and phagocytosis. Further investigation revealed a significant correlation between CALR and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Low expression of ATP and HMGB1 and high expression of CALR were associated with favorable survival in patients with EC. The immunogenicityof EC can be enhanced by ERAD inhibitors combined with moderate doses of RT. ICD hallmark genes, especially CALR, are correlated to immune cell infiltration and clinical outcomes in EC. The present results demonstrated an important method to improve the immunogenicity of EC cells for enhanced antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liuxiang Wang
- Academic of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengqiu Song
- Department of Basic Medicine, China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Ge
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Wang F, Qi Q, Qin B, Wang Y, Huang Y, Li Q, Shen X, Wang X, Yang S, Pan G, Chen J, Qin Z, Chen X, Yang Y, Zeng Y, Liu J, Li Y, Li Y, Cheng Z, Lin X, Xing F, Zhang Y, Wang G, Li K, Jiang Z, Zhang H. Targeting VCP potentiates immune checkpoint therapy for colorectal cancer. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113318. [PMID: 37865914 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapies are still ineffective for most patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Immunogenic cell death (ICD) enables the release of key immunostimulatory signals to drive efficient anti-tumor immunity, which could be used to potentiate the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we showed that inhibition of valosin-containing protein (VCP) elicits ICD in CRC. Meanwhile, VCP inhibitor upregulates PD-L1 expression and compromises anti-tumor immunity in vivo. Mechanistically, VCP transcriptionally regulates PD-L1 expression in a JAK1-dependent manner. Combining VCP inhibitor with anti-PD1 remodels tumor immune microenvironment and reduces tumor growth in mouse models of CRC. Addition of oncolytic virus further augments the therapeutic activity of the combination regimen. Our study shows the molecular mechanism for regulating PD-L1 expression by VCP and suggests that inhibition of VCP has the potential to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Baifu Qin
- Institute of Molecular and Medical Virology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Youwei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China; Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Shangqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Guopeng Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jiahong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zixi Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yuequan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Zexiong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Fan Xing
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Guocai Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Kai Li
- Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.
| | - Zhenyou Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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13
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Gunay G, Maier KN, Hamsici S, Carvalho F, Timog TA, Acar H. Peptide aggregation-induced immunogenic cell death in a breast cancer spheroid model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.31.565012. [PMID: 37961293 PMCID: PMC10635027 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.565012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing multicellular aggregates (spheroids) for in vitro cancer research offers a physiologically relevant model that closely mirrors the intricate tumor microenvironment, capturing properties of solid tumors such as cell interactions and drug resistance. In this research, we investigated the Peptide-Aggregation Induced Immunogenic Response (PAIIR), an innovative method employing engineered peptides we designed specifically to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD). We contrasted PAIIR-induced ICD with standard ICD and non-ICD inducer chemotherapeutics within the context of three-dimensional breast cancer tumor spheroids. Our findings reveal that PAIIR outperforms traditional chemotherapeutics in its efficacy to stimulate ICD. This is marked by the release of key damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which bolster the phagocytic clearance of dying cancer cells by dendritic cells (DCs) and, in turn, activate powerful anti-tumor immune responses. Additionally, we observed that PAIIR results in elevated dendritic cell activation and increased antitumor cytokine presence. This study not only showcases the utility of tumor spheroids for efficient high-throughput screening but also emphasizes PAIIR's potential as a formidable immunotherapeutic strategy against breast cancer, setting the stage for deeper exploration and potential clinical implementation.
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Hou C, Shi S, Gao M, Ji J, Ma C, Wang T, Chen T, Liu Y, Zhong J, Zheng Y, Ye J, Ke Y. Targeting TNFAIP2 induces immunogenic cell death and sensitizes glioblastoma multiforme to anti-PD-1 therapy. J Neurooncol 2023; 165:79-90. [PMID: 37819535 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of current immunotherapeutic strategies for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 2 (TNFAIP2) and immunogenic cell death (ICD) in GBM, and to examine the effect of TNFAIP2 knockdown and anti-PD-1 combination treatment in a mouse glioma model. METHODS The CGGA and TCGA databases were used to explore the possible function of TNFAIP2 in GBM. Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) staining was performed to detect the immune infiltration of tissues. Western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), flow cytometry, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were utilized to detect the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and the activation of the immune response. A mouse glioma model was applied to examine the induction of immune response. RESULTS In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that TNFAIP2 knockdown increased the surface exposure of calreticulin (CALR), heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70), and heat shock protein 90 kDa (HSP90) in GBM cell lines, thereby inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). Importantly, the study found that TNFAIP2 knockdown in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy significantly improved the overall survival of glioma in a mouse model. CONCLUSIONS TNFAIP2 knockdown induces ICD by downregulating TNFAIP2 in GBM. In addition, TNFAIP2 knockdown sensitized glioma to anti-PD-1 therapy. Hence, targeting TNFAIP2 alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy may be a potential strategy for GBM treatment through ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxian Hou
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No. 253, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenbao Shi
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No. 253, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Gao
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No. 253, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsen Ji
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No. 253, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Ma
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No. 253, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwei Wang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No. 253, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Taoliang Chen
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No. 253, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No. 253, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasheng Zhong
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No. 253, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaofeng Zheng
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No. 253, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing'an Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523059, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiquan Ke
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No. 253, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Zhang M, Xiao J, Liu J, Bai X, Zeng X, Zhang Z, Liu F. Calreticulin as a marker and therapeutic target for cancer. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1393-1404. [PMID: 36335525 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is a multifunctional protein found within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In addition, CRT participates in the formation and development of tumors and promotes the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. When a malignant tumor occurs in the human body, cancer cells that die from immunogenic cell death (ICD) expose CRT on their surface, and CRT that is transferred to the cell surface represents an "eat me" signal, which promotes dendritic cells to phagocytose the tumor cells, thereby increasing the sensitivity of tumors to anticancer immunotherapy. Expression of CRT in tumor tissues is higher than in normal tissues and is associated with disease progression in many malignant tumors. Thus, the dysfunctional production of CRT can promote tumorigenesis because it disturbs not only the balance of healthy cells but also the body's immune surveillance. CRT may be a diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target for cancer, which is discussed extensively in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hengyang Medical School, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jiangrong Liu
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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16
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Shao J, Jin Y, Jin C. A new approach to overcoming resistance to immunotherapy: nanotechnology. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1210245. [PMID: 37637050 PMCID: PMC10457008 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1210245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy for immune response has ushered in a new era of cancer treatment. In recent years, new immunotherapeutic agents have been introduced into clinical trials and even approved for marketing. However, the widespread use of immunotherapeutic agents faces an unavoidable challenge: immunotherapy does not work at all for some patients, or has good efficacy in the initial phase, but immunotherapy resistance develops within a short period of time, and immunotherapy can also cause serious adverse effects such as autoimmune inflammation and non-specific inflammation. How to enable patients to overcome drug resistance, reduce the toxic side effects of drugs, enhance patient compliance and improve patient survival has become a problem that clinicians have to face. The advent of nanotechnology provides an encouraging platform for immunotherapy. It can not only improve the bioavailability and stability of drugs and reduce toxic side effects, but also reduce resistance to immunotherapy. Here, we discuss these research advances and discuss potential challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Shao
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunxiang Jin
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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17
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Tsutsumi H, Inoue H, Shiraishi Y, Hirayama A, Nakanishi T, Ando H, Nakajima M, Shinozaki S, Ogata H, Okamura K, Kimura S, Ogawa T, Ota K, Yoneshima Y, Tanaka K, Hamada N, Okamoto I, Iwama E. Impact of increased plasma levels of calreticulin on prognosis of patients with advanced lung cancer undergoing combination treatment of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Lung Cancer 2023; 181:107264. [PMID: 37276707 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-related immunogenic cell death triggers secondary adaptive immune responses. The relationship between DAMP levels and prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who undergo a combination therapy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and chemotherapy remains unclear. METHODS Serial plasma samples were prospectively collected from 45 patients treated with ICI combination therapy for advanced NSCLC. Plasma concentrations of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), calreticulin (CRT), annexin A1, and heat shock protein 70 were measured. Associations between increases in plasma DAMP levels and the efficacy of the ICI combination therapy were evaluated. RESULTS The maximum fold changes in plasma levels differed across individuals but demonstrated a marked increase, especially for CRT (mean ± SEM, 11.61 ± 46.15). Increased plasma DAMP levels were not clearly associated with clinical responses. There was a significant correlation between the maximum fold change in CRT levels and progression-free survival (PFS; r = 0.49, P < 0.001). Median PFS and overall survival (OS) rates were higher in patients with a ≥ 2-fold increase in plasma CRT levels than in those with a < 2-fold increase (PFS, 14.9 versus 6.0 months, hazard ratio (HR), 0.58; P = 0.17; OS, not reached versus 21.6 months, HR, 0.31, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Plasma CRT level monitoring has the potential to predict the efficacy of ICI combination therapy and shed light on the mechanisms underlying DAMP-related immunogenic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirono Tsutsumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Shiraishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aiko Hirayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakanishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ando
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Maako Nakajima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Shinozaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ogata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Okamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ogawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ota
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuto Yoneshima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Hamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiji Iwama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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18
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Lv X, Mao Z, Sun X, Liu B. Intratumoral Heterogeneity in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2709. [PMID: 37345046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer (LC) is always a challenge. The difficulty in the decision of therapeutic schedule and diagnosis is directly related to intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) in the progression of LC. It has been proven that most tumors emerge and evolve under the pressure of their living microenvironment, which involves genetic, immunological, metabolic, and therapeutic components. While most research on ITH revealed multiple mechanisms and characteristic, a systemic exposition of ITH in LC is still hard to find. In this review, we describe how ITH in LC develops from the perspective of space and time. We discuss elaborate details and affection of every aspect of ITH in LC and the relationship between them. Based on ITH in LC, we describe a more accurate multidisciplinary therapeutic strategy on LC and provide the newest opinion on the potential approach of LC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Lv
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Zixian Mao
- Pujiang Community Health Center of Minhang District of Shanghai, Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Xianjun Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Baojun Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
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19
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Said SS, Ibrahim WN. Cancer Resistance to Immunotherapy: Comprehensive Insights with Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041143. [PMID: 37111629 PMCID: PMC10141036 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a type of treatment that harnesses the power of the immune systems of patients to target cancer cells with better precision compared to traditional chemotherapy. Several lines of treatment have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and have led to remarkable success in the treatment of solid tumors, such as melanoma and small-cell lung cancer. These immunotherapies include checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, and vaccines, while the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell treatment has shown better responses in hematological malignancies. Despite these breakthrough achievements, the response to treatment has been variable among patients, and only a small percentage of cancer patients gained from this treatment, depending on the histological type of tumor and other host factors. Cancer cells develop mechanisms to avoid interacting with immune cells in these circumstances, which has an adverse effect on how effectively they react to therapy. These mechanisms arise either due to intrinsic factors within cancer cells or due other cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). When this scenario is used in a therapeutic setting, the term “resistance to immunotherapy” is applied; “primary resistance” denotes a failure to respond to treatment from the start, and “secondary resistance” denotes a relapse following the initial response to immunotherapy. Here, we provide a thorough summary of the internal and external mechanisms underlying tumor resistance to immunotherapy. Furthermore, a variety of immunotherapies are briefly discussed, along with recent developments that have been employed to prevent relapses following treatment, with a focus on upcoming initiatives to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Sudqi Said
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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20
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Fang L, Yu W, Zhu P, Yu G, Ye B. TEDC2 correlated with prognosis and immune microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5006. [PMID: 36973475 PMCID: PMC10042817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulin epsilon and delta complex 2 (TEDC2) is a protein coding gene whose functions are poorly identified yet. This study aimed to identify the role of TEDC2 in prognosis and immune microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, the mRNA expression of TEDC2 was upregulated in LUAD tissues compared to normal tissues. The protein level of TEDC2 was also higher in LUAD in the Human Protein Atlas. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that high TEDC2 level could distinguish LUAD patients from normal subjects. In addition, the impact of TEDC2 expression on prognosis was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses, and the results suggested that high TEDC2 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis and was the independent prognostic factor in LUAD. GO and KEGG pathway analyses indicated the co-expressed genes of TEDC2 were mainly related to mitotic cell cycle processes. Importantly, high expression of TEDC2 indicated low infiltration of immune cells, especially dendritic cells and B cells. TEDC2 was also positively correlated with immune checkpoints such as PDCD1, LAG3 and CD276. Taken together, this study preliminarily revealed the clinical significance of TEDC2 in LUAD and provided novel insights into the role of TEDC2 in immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likui Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Guocan Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Bo Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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21
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Del Prete A, Salvi V, Soriani A, Laffranchi M, Sozio F, Bosisio D, Sozzani S. Dendritic cell subsets in cancer immunity and tumor antigen sensing. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:432-447. [PMID: 36949244 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) exhibit a specialized antigen-presenting function and play crucial roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Due to their ability to cross-present tumor cell-associated antigens to naïve T cells, DCs are instrumental in the generation of specific T-cell-mediated antitumor effector responses in the control of tumor growth and tumor cell dissemination. Within an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, DC antitumor functions can, however, be severely impaired. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of DC capture and activation by tumor cell antigens and the role of the tumor microenvironment in shaping DC functions, taking advantage of recent studies showing the phenotype acquisition, transcriptional state and functional programs revealed by scRNA-seq analysis. The therapeutic potential of DC-mediated tumor antigen sensing in priming antitumor immunity is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Laffranchi
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sozio
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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22
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Galluzzi L, Kepp O, Hett E, Kroemer G, Marincola FM. Immunogenic cell death in cancer: concept and therapeutic implications. J Transl Med 2023; 21:162. [PMID: 36864446 PMCID: PMC9979428 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells responding to specific perturbations of homeostasis can undergo a regulated variant of cell death that elicits adaptive immune responses. As immunogenic cell death (ICD) can only occur in a precise cellular and organismal context, it should be conceptually differentiated from instances of immunostimulation or inflammatory responses that do not mechanistically depend on cellular demise. Here, we critically discuss key conceptual and mechanistic aspects of ICD and its implications for cancer (immuno)therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. .,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Erik Hett
- Sonata Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Institut Universitaire de France, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Paris, France.,Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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23
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Kashefizadeh A, Kazemizadeh H. Immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducers in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC): current knowledge and future perspective. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:316-322. [PMID: 36180811 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is rising every year all around the world. The interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a crucial factor in determining the development of human neoplasms. Organellar and cellular stress are induced during immunogenic cell death (ICD), a particularly functional response pattern. ICD is a separate but poorly characterized entity caused by various cancer treatments. The induction of ICD has the potential to change TME and the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and the coupling of ICD-inducers and other therapeutic approaches can have a synergistic role in boosting anticancer impacts. The purpose of this study is to review the studies in the field of NSCLC using ICD-inducers as a treatment strategy or as a combination therapy. This review provide for researches a better view of what has been done so far and the challenges they face in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Kashefizadeh
- Department of Pulmonology, Shahid Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Kazemizadeh
- Advanced Thoracic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Ge J, Yang N, Yang Y, Yu H, Yang X, Wang Y, Wang T, Cheng S, Wang Y, Han Z, Teng Y, Zou J, Yang H, Cheng L. The combination of eddy thermal effect of biodegradable magnesium with immune checkpoint blockade shows enhanced efficacy against osteosarcoma. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:73-85. [PMID: 36733928 PMCID: PMC9883145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) patients have a poor prognosis due to its high degree of heterogeneity and high rate of metastasis. Magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) combined with immunotherapy is an effective strategy to treat solid and metastatic tumors. Here, we combined biodegradable magnesium (Mg) macroscale rods, which acted as an eddy thermo-magnetic agent under a low external alternating magnetic field, and immunotherapy to achieve a radical cure for OS. The eddy thermal effect (ETE) of the Mg rods (MgR) showed outstanding cytotoxic effects and enhanced the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), and the mild MHT induced the immunogenic cell death (ICD) in the OS cells. Combined with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, we obtained an excellent curative effect against OS, and a further evaluation demonstrated that the local MHT induced by the MgR increased T cells infiltration and the polarization of M1 macrophages. Interestingly, the biodegradable MgR also promoted bone osteogenesis. Our work highlighted the uneven ETE mediated by the biodegradable MgR induced a comprehensive immunologic activation in the OS tumor microenvironment (TME), which would inspire the application of MHT for the effective treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ge
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nailin Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuning Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanjie Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihui Han
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Teng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Liang Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Corresponding author.
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25
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Palanivelu L, Liu CH, Lin LT. Immunogenic cell death: The cornerstone of oncolytic viro-immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1038226. [PMID: 36755812 PMCID: PMC9899992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, cancer is one of the leading global health concerns, causing nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. While classical chemotherapeutics produce strong cytotoxicity on cancer cells, they carry limitations of drug resistance and off-target effects and sometimes fail to elicit adequate antitumor protection against tumor relapse. Additionally, most cancer cells have developed various ways to escape immune surveillance. Nevertheless, novel anticancer strategies such as oncolytic viro-immunotherapy can trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD), which can quickly grasp the attention of the host defense machinery, resulting in an ensuing antitumor immune response. Specifically, oncolytic viruses (OVs) can infect and destroy targeted cancer cells and stimulate the immune system by exposing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to promote inflammatory reactions, and concomitantly prime and induce antitumor immunity by the release of neoantigens from the damaged cancer cells. Thus, OVs can serve as a novel system to sensitize tumor cells for promising immunotherapies. This review discusses the concept of ICD in cancer, centralizing ICD-associated danger signals and their consequence in antitumor responses and ICD induced by OVs. We also shed light on the potential strategies to enhance the immunogenicity of OVs, including the use of genetically modified OVs and their combination with ICD-enhancing agents, which are helpful as forthcoming anticancer regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Palanivelu
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Liang-Tzung Lin,
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26
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Calreticulin Expression Controls Cellular Redox, Stemness, and Radiosensitivity to Function as a Novel Adjuvant for Radiotherapy in Neuroblastoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:8753309. [PMID: 36644580 PMCID: PMC9839411 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8753309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is currently only used in children with high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) due to concerns of long-term side effects as well as lack of effective adjuvant. Calreticulin (CALR) has served distinct physiological roles in cancer malignancies; nonetheless, impact of radiation on chaperones and molecular roles they play remains largely unknown. In present study, we systemically analyzed correlation between CALR and NB cells of different malignancies to investigate potential role of CALR in mediating radioresistance of NB. Our data revealed that more malignant NB cells are correlated to lower CALR expression, greater radioresistance, and elevated stemness as indicated by colony- and neurospheroid-forming abilities and vice versa. Of note, manipulating CALR expression in NB cells of varying endogenous CALR expression manifested changes in not only stemness but also radioresistant properties of those NB cells. Further, CALR overexpression resulted in greatly enhanced ROS and led to increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Importantly, growth of NB tumors was significantly hampered by CALR overexpression and was synergistically ablated when RT was also administered. Collectively, our current study unraveled a new notion of utilizing CALR expression in malignant NB to diminish cancer stemness and mitigate radioresistance to achieve favorable therapeutic outcome for NB.
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27
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Miebach L, Mohamed H, Wende K, Miller V, Bekeschus S. Pancreatic Cancer Cells Undergo Immunogenic Cell Death upon Exposure to Gas Plasma-Oxidized Ringers Lactate. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15010319. [PMID: 36612315 PMCID: PMC9818580 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival rates among patients with pancreatic cancer, the most lethal gastrointestinal cancer, have not improved compared to other malignancies. Early tumor dissemination and a supportive, cancer-promoting tumor microenvironment (TME) limit therapeutic options and consequently impede tumor remission, outlining an acute need for effective treatments. Gas plasma-oxidized liquid treatment showed promising preclinical results in other gastrointestinal and gynecological tumors by targeting the tumor redox state. Here, carrier solutions are enriched with reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species that can cause oxidative distress in tumor cells, leading to a broad range of anti-tumor effects. Unfortunately, clinical relevance is often limited, as many studies have forgone the use of medical-grade solutions. This study investigated the efficacy of gas plasma-oxidized Ringer's lactate (oxRilac), a physiological solution often used in clinical practice, on two pancreatic cancer cell lines to induce tumor toxicity and provoke immunogenicity. Tumor toxicity of the oxRilac solutions was further confirmed in three-dimensional tumor spheroids monitored over 72 h and in ovo using stereomicroscope imaging of excised GFP-expressing tumors. We demonstrated that cell death signaling was induced in a dose-dependent fashion in both cell lines and was paralleled by the increased surface expression of key markers of immunogenic cell death (ICD). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis suggested putative reaction pathways that may cause the non-ROS related effects. In summary, our study suggests gas plasma-deposited ROS in clinically relevant liquids as an additive option for treating pancreatic cancers via immune-stimulating and cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Miebach
- Department of General, Thoraxic, Vascular, and Visceral Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hager Mohamed
- Emergex Vaccines Holding Limited, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Kristian Wende
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vandana Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence:
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28
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Wu Q, Xia Y, Xiong X, Duan X, Pang X, Zhang F, Tang S, Su J, Wen S, Mei L, Cannon RD, Ji P, Ou Z. Focused ultrasound-mediated small-molecule delivery to potentiate immune checkpoint blockade in solid tumors. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1169608. [PMID: 37180717 PMCID: PMC10173311 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1169608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized the standard of treatment for solid tumors. Despite success in several immunogenic tumor types evidenced by improved survival, ICB remains largely unresponsive, especially in "cold tumors" with poor lymphocyte infiltration. In addition, side effects such as immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are also obstacles for the clinical translation of ICB. Recent studies have shown that focused ultrasound (FUS), a non-invasive technology proven to be effective and safe for tumor treatment in clinical settings, could boost the therapeutic effect of ICB while alleviating the potential side effects. Most importantly, the application of FUS to ultrasound-sensitive small particles, such as microbubbles (MBs) or nanoparticles (NPs), allows for precise delivery and release of genetic materials, catalysts and chemotherapeutic agents to tumor sites, thus enhancing the anti-tumor effects of ICB while minimizing toxicity. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the progress made in recent years concerning ICB therapy assisted by FUS-controlled small-molecule delivery systems. We highlight the value of different FUS-augmented small-molecules delivery systems to ICB and describe the synergetic effects and underlying mechanisms of these combination strategies. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of the current strategies and the possible ways that FUS-mediated small-molecule delivery systems could boost novel personalized ICB treatments for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Wu
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanhang Xia
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiong
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinxing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pang
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fugui Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Tang
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junlei Su
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuqiong Wen
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Mei
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard D. Cannon
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ping Ji
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Ji, Zhanpeng Ou,
| | - Zhanpeng Ou
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Ji, Zhanpeng Ou,
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29
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Okada K, Sato H, Kumazawa T, Mori Y, Permata TBM, Uchihara Y, Noda SE, Suzuki K, Ikota H, Yokoo H, Gondhowiardjo S, Nakano T, Ohno T, Shibata A. Calreticulin Upregulation in Cervical Cancer Tissues From Patients After 10 Gy Radiation Therapy. Adv Radiat Oncol 2022; 8:101159. [PMID: 36793509 PMCID: PMC9922916 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2022.101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Understanding the immune response during radiation therapy (RT) in a clinical setting is imperative for maximizing the efficacy of combined RT and immunotherapy. Calreticulin, a major damage-associated molecular pattern that is exposed on the cell surface after RT, is presumed to be associated with the tumor-specific immune response. Here, we examined changes in calreticulin expression in clinical specimens obtained before and during RT and analyzed its relationship with the density of CD8+ T cells in the same patient set. Methods and Materials This retrospective analysis evaluated 67 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma who were treated with definitive RT. Tumor biopsy specimens were collected before RT and after 10 Gy irradiation. Calreticulin expression in tumor cells was evaluated via immunohistochemical staining. Subsequently, the patients were divided into 2 groups according to the level of calreticulin expression, and the clinical outcomes were compared. Finally, the correlation between calreticulin levels and density of stromal CD8+ T cells was evaluated. Results The calreticulin expression significantly increased after 10 Gy (82% of patients showed an increase; P < .01). Patients with increased calreticulin levels tended to show better progression-free survival, but this was not statistically significant (P = .09). In patients with high expression of calreticulin, a positive trend was observed between calreticulin and CD8+ T cell density, but the association was not statistically significant (P = .06). Conclusions Calreticulin expression increased after 10 Gy irradiation in tissue biopsies of patients with cervical cancer. Higher calreticulin expression levels are potentially associated with better progression-free survival and greater T cell positivity, but there was no statistically significant relationship between calreticulin upregulation and clinical outcomes or CD8+ T cell density. Further analysis will be required to clarify mechanisms underlying the immune response to RT and to optimize the RT and immunotherapy combination approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Okada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiro Sato
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan,Corresponding authors: Hiro Sato, MD, PhD and Tatsuya Ohno, MD, PhD
| | - Takuya Kumazawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan,Department of Radiation Oncology, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Nakagomi, Saku, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tiara Bunga Mayang Permata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yuki Uchihara
- Signal Transduction Program, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shin-ei Noda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hayato Ikota
- Clinical Department of Pathology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoo
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Soehartati Gondhowiardjo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Takashi Nakano
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan,Corresponding authors: Hiro Sato, MD, PhD and Tatsuya Ohno, MD, PhD
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Signal Transduction Program, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Xu J, Xiong Y, Xu Z, Xing H, Zhou L, Zhang X. From targeted therapy to a novel way: Immunogenic cell death in lung cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1102550. [PMID: 36619616 PMCID: PMC9816397 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most incident malignancies and a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Common tumorigenic drivers of LC mainly include genetic alterations of EGFR, ALK, KRAS, BRAF, ROS1, and MET. Small inhibitory molecules and antibodies selectively targeting these alterations or/and their downstream signaling pathways have been approved for treatment of LC. Unfortunately, following initial positive responses to these targeted therapies, a large number of patients show dismal prognosis due to the occurrence of resistance mechanisms, such as novel mutations of these genes and activation of alternative signaling pathways. Over the past decade, it has become clear that there is no possible cure for LC unless potent antitumor immune responses are induced by therapeutic intervention. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a newly emerged concept, a form of regulated cell death that is sufficient to activate adaptive immune responses against tumor cells. It transforms dying cancer cells into a therapeutic vaccine and stimulates long-lasting protective antitumor immunity. In this review, we discuss the key targetable genetic aberrations and the underlying mechanism of ICD in LC. Various agents inducing ICD are summarized and the possibility of harnessing ICD in LC immunotherapy is further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiyi Xiong
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongquan Xing
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- International Education College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Lingyun Zhou,
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Xinyi Zhang,
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31
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Hu Y, Cai J, Ye M, Mou Q, Zhao B, Sun Q, Lou X, Zhang H, Zhao Y. Development and validation of immunogenic cell death-related signature for predicting the prognosis and immune landscape of uveal melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1037128. [PMID: 36466923 PMCID: PMC9709208 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1037128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults, and the main treatment for UM is currently surgery and plaque brachytherapy. UM is highly susceptible to metastasis, which eventually occurs in nearly half of all patients; once metastasis occurs, patients have a poor prognosis and the condition is difficult to treat. Therefore, the identification of new and effective UM biomarkers is vital for the application of therapeutic strategies. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of regulatory cell death that activates adaptive immune responses and generates long-term immunological memory. ICD can promote antitumor immunity, which may be a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for UM. METHODS The data of UM from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used as a training set and the data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used as a validation set. To determine the expression pattern of ICD-related genes in UM, survival analysis and difference analysis was conducted. The ICD-related risk signature was constructed by employing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression. Subsequently, immune profile and somatic mutation analysis were performed. In addition, cell experiments were performed to verify the role of immunogenic cell death-related genes in UM. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed the relationship between ICD-related gene expression and UM patient prognosis, somatic mutations, and the tumor immune microenvironment. Importantly, we constructed a 5-gene ICD-related risk signature and confirmed it as a novel prognostic biomarker in UM patients. We found that the high-risk group had more immune cell infiltration and a worse prognosis than the low-risk group. In cellular experiments, we confirmed the high expression of FOXP3 inMUM2B andOCM-1A cell lines and that knockdown of FOXP3 markedly inhibited the proliferation of UM tumor cells. DISCUSSION ICD-related genes play a critical role in the tumor immune microenvironment. Our results may contribute to the development of effective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianxue Mou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bowen Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaotong Lou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Serrano Del Valle A, Beltrán-Visiedo M, de Poo-Rodríguez V, Jiménez-Alduán N, Azaceta G, Díez R, Martínez-Lázaro B, Izquierdo I, Palomera L, Naval J, Anel A, Marzo I. Ecto-calreticulin expression in multiple myeloma correlates with a failed anti-tumoral immune response and bad prognosis. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2141973. [PMID: 36338146 PMCID: PMC9629093 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2141973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has been proposed to be a crucial process for antitumor immunosurveillance. ICD is characterized by the exposure and emission of Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMP), including calreticulin (CRT). A positive correlation between CRT exposure or total expression and improved anticancer immunosurveillance has been found in certain cancers, usually accompanied by favorable patient prognosis. In the present study, we sought to evaluate CRT levels in the plasma membrane of CD38+ bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) isolated from 71 patients with varying degrees of multiple myeloma (MM) disease and examine the possible relationship between basal CRT exposure and the bone marrow immune microenvironment, as well as its connection with different clinical markers. Data show that increased levels of cell surface-CRT were associated with more aggressive clinical features and with worse clinical prognosis in MM. High CRT expression in MM cells was associated with increased infiltration of NK cells, CD8+ T lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DC), indicative of an active anti-tumoral immune response, but also with a significantly higher presence of immunosuppressive Treg cells and increased expression of PD-L1 in myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Beltrán-Visiedo
- Apoptosis, Immunity & Cancer Group, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victoria de Poo-Rodríguez
- Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009Zaragoza, Spain,HCU-Lozano Blesa-Hematology Research Group, IIS Aragón, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nelia Jiménez-Alduán
- Apoptosis, Immunity & Cancer Group, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gemma Azaceta
- Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009Zaragoza, Spain,HCU-Lozano Blesa-Hematology Research Group, IIS Aragón, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosana Díez
- Apoptosis, Immunity & Cancer Group, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain,Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Lázaro
- Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009Zaragoza, Spain,HCU-Lozano Blesa-Hematology Research Group, IIS Aragón, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Izquierdo
- Apoptosis, Immunity & Cancer Group, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain,Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Palomera
- Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009Zaragoza, Spain,HCU-Lozano Blesa-Hematology Research Group, IIS Aragón, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Naval
- Apoptosis, Immunity & Cancer Group, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Anel
- Apoptosis, Immunity & Cancer Group, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Apoptosis, Immunity & Cancer Group, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain,CONTACT Isabel Marzo Apoptosis, Immunity & Cancer Group, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
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Sun M, Qi S, Wu M, Xia W, Xiong H. Calreticulin as a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrate in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:909556. [PMID: 36338983 PMCID: PMC9633671 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.909556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Calreticulin (CALR) has been investigated in several malignant diseases and is associated with immune-cell infiltration. However, the prognostic value of CALR in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is still unknown. Methods: Based on the computational analysis, data from 530 KIRC cases and 72 normal kidney samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA-KIRC) database were analyzed in this study. The expression of CALR mRNA in pan-cancer and immune infiltrates was analyzed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database. The CALR protein expression was obtained from the UALCAN and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. Survival, functional, and statistical analyses were conducted using R software. Results: The CALR expression was higher in KIRC cases than in normal kidneys. A high CALR expression was correlated with TNM stage, pathological stage, and histological grade. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that a high CALR expression was associated with poor overall survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free interval. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that CALR was enriched in IL-6 and IL-2 signaling, interferon signaling, TNF signaling, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and the p53 pathway. CALR is correlated with immune-infiltrating cells. A significant correlation was observed between CALR expression and immunomodulators. Conclusion: We identified CALR as a prognostic biomarker of KIRC. Meanwhile, the CALR expression associated with immune infiltration indicated that CALR might be a potential immunotherapy target for patients with KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
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34
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Kumar S, Tripathi J, Maurya DK, Nuwad J, Gautam S. Anti-proliferative effect and underlying mechanism of ethoxy-substituted phylloquinone (vitamin K1 derivative) from Spinacia oleracea leaf and enhancement of its extractability using radiation technology. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:265. [PMID: 36091087 PMCID: PMC9452621 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous studies, a novel antimutagenic compound, 2-ethoxy-3-(3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-ethyl) naphthaquinone-1,4-dione (ethoxy-substituted phylloquinone; ESP) from spinach was characterized and mechanism contributing to its antimutagenicity was deduced. In the current study, anti-proliferative activity of ESP was assessed in lung cancer (A549) cells using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide], clonogenic assays and cell cycle analysis. ESP treatment showed selective cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells and no cytotoxicity in normal lung (WI38) cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that ESP treatment arrests A549 cell population in G2-M phase. In-silico analysis indicated positive drug-likeness features of ESP. Molecular docking showed H-bonding and hydrophobic interactions between ESP and B-DNA dodecamer residues at minor groove. SWATH-MS (Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Mass Spectra) based proteomic analysis indicated down-regulation of proteins involved in EGFR signaling, NEDDylation and other metabolic pathways and up-regulation of tumor suppressor (STAT1 and NDRG1) proteins. Treatment of spinach powder with gamma radiation (5-20 kGy) from cobalt (Co-60) enhanced the extractability of ESP up to 4.4-fold at the highest dose of 20 kGy. Scanning electron microscopy of spinach powder displayed decrease in smoothness and compactness with increase in radiation dose attributing to its enhanced extractability. Increase in the extractability of ESP with increasing radiation doses as measured by fluorescence intensity and dry weight basis was strongly correlated. Nonetheless, radiation treatment did not affect the functionality of ESP in terms of anti-proliferative and antimutagenic activities. Current findings thus highlight broad spectrum bioactivity of ESP from spinach, its underlying mechanism and applicability of radiation technology in enhancing extractability. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03264-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 India
| | - Jyoti Tripathi
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 India
| | - Dharmendra K. Maurya
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400 094 India
| | - Jitendra Nuwad
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 India
| | - Satyendra Gautam
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400 094 India
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Bezu L, Kepp O, Kroemer G. Local anesthetics and immunotherapy: a novel combination to fight cancer. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 45:265-272. [PMID: 36044068 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intratumoral injection of oncolytic agents such as modified herpes simplex virus T-VEC or local administration of non-viral oncolytic therapies (such as radiofrequency, chemoembolization, cryoablation, or radiotherapy) can activate an anticancer immune response and hence trigger abscopal effects reducing secondary lesions. Preliminary data suggested that oncolytic treatments modulate tumor-infiltrating immune effectors and can be advantageously combined with the immune checkpoint inhibitors. Recent findings indicate that local anesthetics, which are usually used in the clinics to control surgical pain, also possess antineoplastic effects mimicking oncolytic treatments if they are injected into malignant lesions. Moreover, the association of local anesthetics with systemic immune checkpoint inhibition significantly improved overall survival in several preclinical tumor models. This may be explained by direct cytotoxic activity of local anesthetics and additional immune-related abscopal effects. We also summarize the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which the combination of local anesthetics and immunotherapy improves tumor control by the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucillia Bezu
- UMR1138, Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France. .,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France. .,Service d'Anesthésie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. .,EuroPeriscope: Onco-Anaesthesiology Research Group, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Oliver Kepp
- UMR1138, Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- UMR1138, Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France. .,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France. .,Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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36
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Aramini B, Masciale V, Samarelli AV, Dubini A, Gaudio M, Stella F, Morandi U, Dominici M, De Biasi S, Gibellini L, Cossarizza A. Phenotypic, functional, and metabolic heterogeneity of immune cells infiltrating non–small cell lung cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:959114. [PMID: 36032082 PMCID: PMC9399732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cancer in the world, accounting for 1.2 million of new cases annually, being responsible for 17.8% of all cancer deaths. In particular, non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is involved in approximately 85% of all lung cancers with a high lethality probably due to the asymptomatic evolution, leading patients to be diagnosed when the tumor has already spread to other organs. Despite the introduction of new therapies, which have improved the long-term survival of these patients, this disease is still not well cured and under controlled. Over the past two decades, single-cell technologies allowed to deeply profile both the phenotypic and metabolic aspects of the immune cells infiltrating the TME, thus fostering the identification of predictive biomarkers of prognosis and supporting the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss phenotypic and functional characteristics of the main subsets of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) that contribute to promote or suppress NSCLC development and progression. We also address two emerging aspects of TIL and TIM biology, i.e., their metabolism, which affects their effector functions, proliferation, and differentiation, and their capacity to interact with cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Valentina Masciale
- Division of Oncology and Laboratory of Cellular Therapies, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Valeria Samarelli
- Division of Oncology and Laboratory of Cellular Therapies, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dubini
- Division of Pathology, G.B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Michele Gaudio
- Division of Pathology, G.B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Franco Stella
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Uliano Morandi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology and Laboratory of Cellular Therapies, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Andrea Cossarizza,
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Liu YS, Chang YC, Kuo WW, Chen MC, Wang TF, Chen TS, Lin YM, Li CC, Liao PH, Huang CY. Calreticulin nuclear translocalization alleviates CaM/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway to enhance chemosensitivity in HDAC inhibitor-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5097-5115. [PMID: 35724265 PMCID: PMC9271289 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), it helps proteins fold correctly inside the ER, and acts as a modulator of Ca2+ homeostasis. Aberrant expression of CRT is implicated in several cancer types, qualifying CRT as a potential therapeutic target. However, it remains unclear how CRT affects specific oncogenic pathways. In this study, we used histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) to establish drug-resistant liver cancer cells and further analyzed the molecular mechanism of development of drug resistance in those cells. The 2D gel electrophoresis and RT-PCR data showed that CRT was downregulated in HDACis-resistant cells by comparing with HA22T parental cells. We previously elucidated the development of drug-resistance in HCC cells via activation of PP1-eIF2α pathway, but not via ER stress pathway. Here, we show that thapsigargin induced ER stress through mechanism other than ER stress downstream protein GRP78-PERK to regulate CRT expression in HDACis-R cells. Moreover, the expression level of CRT was not the main cause of apoptosis in HDACis-resistant cells. Mechanistic studies identified the apoptosis factors in the nucleus-the HDACis-mediated overexpression of CRT, CRT translocation to the cell nucleus, and reduced CaM/CaMKII/CREB pathway-that led to chemosensitivity in HDACis-R HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Chang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Fu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, School of Medicine Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Sheng Chen
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Li
- Center of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiang Liao
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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38
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Gao F, Mu X, Wu H, Chen L, Liu J, Zhao Y. Calreticulin (CALR)-induced activation of NF-ĸB signaling pathway boosts lung cancer cell proliferation. Bioengineered 2022; 13:6856-6865. [PMID: 35264066 PMCID: PMC8974040 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) is known to be aberrantly expressed in lung though the etiology underlying this phenomenon remains undetermined. The (Cancer Genome Atlas) databases were adopted to evaluate the expression status of CALR in pan-cancer, including Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) accompanied with Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GETx) database. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier survival curve were plotted to assess its clinical significance in lung cancer. CCK8 and colony formation assays were conducted in addition to in vivo assays. The impact of CALR expression on NF-ĸB-mediated luciferase activity was detected by Luciferase assays. The regulatory relationship between CALR and NF-ĸB was further verified by NF-ĸB inhibitor treatment. LUAD and LUSC tissues reflected marked elevation in the mRNA levels of CALR. ROC analysis showed that CALR expression had a diagnostic value for LUAD or LUSC patients. High-CARL patients demonstrated inferior survival compared to that of Low-CALR patients. Functional assays revealed increased proliferative behaviors of A549 and H1299 cells associated with highly amplified while CALR gene inactivation could reduce the proliferation of both cells. CALR depletion decreased xenograft tumor growth. NF-ĸB transcriptional activity was found to be stimulated with CALR overexpression and reduced in CALR-deficient lung cancer cells, thereby clearly indicating CALR-dependent NF-ĸB activation. NF-ĸB specific inhibitors further validated enhanced NF-ĸB activity mediated by CALR overexpression. Conclusively, our results the role of CALR in lung cancer cells, indicating that highly expressed CALR proliferation at least by activation of NF-ĸB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Xiaoqian Mu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China
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Challenges of the Immunotherapy: Perspectives and Limitations of the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052847. [PMID: 35269988 PMCID: PMC8910928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a quickly developing type of treatment and the future of therapy in oncology. This paper is a review of recent findings in the field of immunotherapy with an emphasis on immune checkpoint inhibitors. The challenges that immunotherapy might face in near future, such as primary and acquired resistance and the irAEs, are described in this article, as well as the perspectives such as identification of environmental modifiers of immunity and development of anti-cancer vaccines and combined therapies. There are multiple factors that may be responsible for immunoresistance, such as genomic factors, factors related to the immune system cells or to the cancer microenvironment, factors emerging from the host cells, as well as other factors such as advanced age, biological sex, diet, many hormones, existing comorbidities, and the gut microbiome.
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Rezaei M, Danilova ND, Soltani M, Savvateeva LV, V Tarasov V, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, V Bazhinf A, A Zamyatnin A. Cancer Vaccine in Cold Tumors: Clinical Landscape, Challenges, and Opportunities. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:437-453. [PMID: 35156572 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220214103533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The idea of cancer immunotherapy is to stimulate the immune system to fight tumors without destroying normal cells. One of the anticancer therapy methods, among many, is based on the use of cancer vaccines that contain tumor antigens in order to induce immune responses against tumors. However, clinical trials have shown that the use of such vaccines as a monotherapy is ineffective in many cases, since they do not cause a strong immune response. Particular tumors are resistant to immunotherapy due to the absence or insufficient infiltration of tumors with CD8+ T cells, and hence, they are called cold or non-inflamed tumors. Cold tumors are characterized by a lack of CD8+ T cell infiltration, the presence of anti-inflammatory myeloid cells, tumor-associated M2 macrophages, and regulatory T cells. It is very important to understand which stage of the antitumor response does not work properly in order to use the right strategy for the treatment of patients. Applying other therapeutic methods alongside cancer vaccines can be more rational for cold tumors which do not provoke the immune system strongly. Herein, we indicate some combinational therapies that have been used or are in progress for cold tumor treatment alongside vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mozhdeh Soltani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lyudmila V Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alexandr V Bazhinf
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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Kroemer G, Galassi C, Zitvogel L, Galluzzi L. Immunogenic cell stress and death. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:487-500. [PMID: 35145297 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 216.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dying mammalian cells emit numerous signals that interact with the host to dictate the immunological correlates of cellular stress and death. In the absence of reactive antigenic determinants (which is generally the case for healthy cells), such signals may drive inflammation but cannot engage adaptive immunity. Conversely, when cells exhibit sufficient antigenicity, as in the case of infected or malignant cells, their death can culminate with adaptive immune responses that are executed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and elicit immunological memory. Suggesting a key role for immunogenic cell death (ICD) in immunosurveillance, both pathogens and cancer cells evolved strategies to prevent the recognition of cell death as immunogenic. Intriguingly, normal cells succumbing to conditions that promote the formation of post-translational neoantigens (for example, oxidative stress) can also drive at least some degree of antigen-specific immunity, pointing to a novel implication of ICD in the etiology of non-infectious, non-malignant disorders linked to autoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France. .,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France. .,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) BIOTHERIS, Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. .,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Identification of a Novel PPAR Signature for Predicting Prognosis, Immune Microenvironment, and Chemotherapy Response in Bladder Cancer. PPAR Res 2022; 2021:7056506. [PMID: 35027921 PMCID: PMC8749226 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7056506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence has confirmed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) played a crucial role in the development and progression of bladder cancer (BLCA). The purpose of this study is to comprehensively investigate the function and prognostic value of PPAR-targeted genes in BLCA. Methods The RNA sequencing data and clinical information of BLCA patients were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The differentially expressed PPAR-targeted genes were investigated. Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis were performed for screening prognostic PPAR-targeted genes and constructing the prognostic PPAR signature and then validated by GSE13507 cohort and GSE32894 cohort. A nomogram was constructed to predict the outcomes of BLCA patients in combination with PPAR signature and clinical factors. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immune cell infiltration were implemented to explore the molecular characteristics of the signature. The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database was used to predict the chemotherapy responses of the prognostic signature. The candidate small molecule drugs targeting PPAR-targeted genes were screened by the CMAP database. Results We constructed and validated the prognostic signature comprising of 4 PPAR-targeted genes (CPT1B, CALR, AHNAK, and FADS2), which was an independent prognostic biomarker in BLCA patients. A nomogram based on the signature and clinical factors was established in the TCGA set, and the calibration plots displayed the excellent predictive capacity. GSEA analysis indicated that PPAR signature was implicated in multiple oncogenic signaling pathways and correlated with tumor immune cell infiltration. Patients in the high-risk groups showed greater sensitivity to chemotherapy than those in the low-risk groups. Moreover, 11 candidate small molecule drugs were identified for the treatment of BLCA. Conclusion We constructed and validated a novel PPAR signature, which showed the excellent performance in predicting prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity of BLCA patients.
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Assessment of eIF2α phosphorylation during immunogenic cell death. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 172:83-98. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Immunogenic cell death and its therapeutic or prognostic potential in high-grade glioma. Genes Immun 2022; 23:1-11. [PMID: 35046546 PMCID: PMC8866117 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has emerged as a key component of therapy-induced anti-tumor immunity. Over the past few years, ICD was found to play a pivotal role in a wide variety of novel and existing treatment modalities. The clinical application of these techniques in cancer treatment is still in its infancy. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor with a dismal prognosis despite maximal therapy. The development of new therapies in this aggressive type of tumors remains highly challenging partially due to the cold tumor immune environment. GBM could therefore benefit from ICD-based therapies stimulating the anti-tumor immune response. In what follows, we will describe the mechanisms behind ICD and the ICD-based (pre)clinical advances in anticancer therapies focusing on GBM.
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Wang JJ, Siu MKY, Jiang YX, Leung THY, Chan DW, Wang HG, Ngan HYS, Chan KKL. A Combination of Glutaminase Inhibitor 968 and PD-L1 Blockade Boosts the Immune Response against Ovarian Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121749. [PMID: 34944392 PMCID: PMC8698585 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1) blockade has been used therapeutically in the treatment of ovarian cancer, and potential combination treatment approaches are under investigation to improve the treatment response rate. The increased dependence on glutamine is widely observed in various type of tumors, including ovarian cancer. Kidney-type glutaminase (GLS), as one of the isotypes of glutaminase, is found to promote tumorigenesis. Here, we have demonstrated that the combined treatment with GLS inhibitor 968 and PD-L1 blockade enhances the immune response against ovarian cancer. Survival analysis using the Kaplan–Meier plotter dataset from ovarian cancer patients revealed that the expression level of GLS predicts poor survival and correlates with the immunosuppressive microenvironment of ovarian cancer. 968 inhibits the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells and enhances granzyme B secretion by CD8+ T cells as detected by XTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, 968 enhances the apoptosis-inducing ability of CD8+ T cells toward cancer cells and improves the treatment effect of anti-PD-L1 in treating ovarian cancer as assessed by Annexin V apoptosis assay. In vivo studies demonstrated the prolonged overall survival upon combined treatment of 968 with anti-PD-L1 accompanied by increased granzyme B secretion by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells isolated from ovarian tumor xenografts. Additionally, 968 increases the infiltration of CD3+ T cells into tumors, possibly through enhancing the secretion of CXCL10 and CXCL11 by tumor cells. In conclusion, our findings provide a novel insight into ovarian cancer cells influence the immune system in the tumor microenvironment and highlight the potential clinical implication of combination of immune checkpoints with GLS inhibitor 968 in treating ovarian cancer.
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Chen R, Huang M, Yang X, Chen XH, Shi MY, Li ZF, Chen ZN, Wang K. CALR-TLR4 Complex Inhibits Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression by Regulating the Migration and Maturation of Dendritic Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743050. [PMID: 34660305 PMCID: PMC8517398 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is a common malignant tumor that threatens human life and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Calreticulin (CALR) is a antigen characteristic of immunogenic cell death in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is closely related to anti-tumor immunity, but its specific mechanism in anti-tumor immunity remains unclear. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of CALR and dendritic cell-lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein (DC-LAMP) in NSCLC tissues. The cell supernatant was used to induce migration and maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). Western blot and real-time PCR were used to investigate the corresponding molecule expression in the CALR-Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-MyD88 signaling pathway. In vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of mCALR in lung cancer progression. Results The expression of CALR on NSCLC cell membrane (mCALR) and DC infiltration in NSCLC were positively correlated and were closely related to the prognosis of NSCLC patients. Moreover, mCALR facilitated the migration and maturation of DCs by activating CALR-TLR4-MyD88 signaling and increasing the secretion of TNFα and CCL19, which was inhibited by the loss of TLR4. In vivo experiments demonstrated that mCALR inhibited lung cancer progression by facilitating DC infiltration in lung cancer tissues. Conclusion Our study explores the function and mechanism of the CALR-TLR4 complex in DC migration and maturation and investigates the inhibitory effect of the CALR-TLR4 complex on lung cancer progression, providing a theoretical basis and ideas for immunotherapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Huang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Yang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming-Yan Shi
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuo-Fan Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Lee YS, Lee WS, Kim CW, Lee SJ, Yang H, Kong SJ, Ning J, Yang KM, Kang B, Kim WR, Chon HJ, Kim C. Oncolytic vaccinia virus reinvigorates peritoneal immunity and cooperates with immune checkpoint inhibitor to suppress peritoneal carcinomatosis in colon cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000857. [PMID: 33199510 PMCID: PMC7670945 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a common and devastating manifestation of colon cancer and refractory to conventional anticancer therapeutics. During the peritoneal dissemination of colon cancer, peritoneal immunity is nullified by various mechanisms of immune evasion. Here, we employed the armed oncolytic vaccinia virus mJX-594 (JX) to rejuvenate the peritoneal antitumor immune responses in the treatment of PC. Methods PC model of MC38 colon cancer was generated and intraperitoneally treated with JX and/or anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody. The peritoneal tumor burden, vascular leakage, and malignant ascites formation were then assessed. Tumors and peritoneal lavage cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, multiplex tissue imaging, and a NanoString assay. Results JX treatment effectively suppressed peritoneal cancer progression and malignant ascites formation. It also restored the peritoneal anticancer immunity by activating peritoneal dendritic cells (DCs) and CD8+ T cells. Moreover, JX selectively infected and killed peritoneal colon cancer cells and promoted the intratumoral infiltration of DCs and CD8+ T cells into peritoneal tumor nodules. JX reinvigorates anticancer immunity by reprogramming immune-related transcriptional signatures within the tumor microenvironment. Notably, JX cooperates with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), anti-programmed death-1, anti-programmed death-ligand 1, and anti-lymphocyte-activation gene-3 to elicit a stronger anticancer immunity that eliminates peritoneal metastases and malignant ascites of colon cancer compared with JX or ICI alone. Conclusions Intraperitoneal immunotherapy with JX restores peritoneal anticancer immunity and potentiates immune checkpoint blockade to suppress PC and malignant ascites in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chang Woo Kim
- Kyung Hee University Gangdong Hospital, Gangdong-gu, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hannah Yang
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - So Jung Kong
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - John Ning
- SillaJen Biotherapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Beodeul Kang
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Woo Ram Kim
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hong Jae Chon
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chan Kim
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
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Fabian KP, Wolfson B, Hodge JW. From Immunogenic Cell Death to Immunogenic Modulation: Select Chemotherapy Regimens Induce a Spectrum of Immune-Enhancing Activities in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:728018. [PMID: 34497771 PMCID: PMC8419351 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.728018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment has rapidly entered the age of immunotherapy, and it is becoming clear that the effective therapy of established tumors necessitates rational multi-combination immunotherapy strategies. But even in the advent of immunotherapy, the clinical role of standard-of-care chemotherapy regimens still remains significant and may be complementary to emerging immunotherapeutic approaches. Depending on dose, schedule, and agent, chemotherapy can induce immunogenic cell death, resulting in the release of tumor antigens to stimulate an immune response, or immunogenic modulation, sensitizing surviving tumor cells to immune cell killing. While these have been previously defined as distinct processes, in this review we examine the published mechanisms supporting both immunogenic cell death and immunogenic modulation and propose they be reclassified as similar effects termed “immunogenic cell stress.” Treatment-induced immunogenic cell stress is an important result of cytotoxic chemotherapy and future research should consider immunogenic cell stress as a whole rather than just immunogenic cell death or immunogenic modulation. Cancer treatment strategies should be designed specifically to take advantage of these effects in combination immunotherapy, and novel chemotherapy regimens should be designed and investigated to potentially induce all aspects of immunogenic cell stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellsye P Fabian
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Benjamin Wolfson
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James W Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Verma A, Arora A, Bhatt AN, Arya MB, Prasad AK, Parmar VS, Dwarakanath BS. Radiosensitization of calreticulin-overexpressing human glioma cell line by the polyphenolic acetate 7, 8-diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 5:e1326. [PMID: 34472223 PMCID: PMC9780425 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calreticulin (CRT), an endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein generally overexpressed in cancer cells, is associated with radiation resistance. CRT shows higher transacetylase activity, as shown by us earlier, in the presence of the polyphenolic acetates (like 7, 8-diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin, DAMC) and modifies the activity of a number of proteins, thereby influencing cell signaling. AIM To investigate the relationship between CRT expression and radiation response in a human glioma cell line and to evaluate the radiomodifying effects of DAMC. METHODS AND RESULTS Studies were carried out in an established human glioma cell line (BMG-1) and its isogenic clone overexpressing CRT (CROE, CRT-overexpressing cells) by analyzing clonogenic survival, cell proliferation, micronuclei analysis, and protein levels by Western blotting as parameters of responses. CRT overexpression conferred resistance against radiation-induced cell death in CROE cells (D37 = 7.35 Gy, D10 = 12.6 Gy and D0 = 7.25 Gy) as compared to BMG-1 cells (D37 = 5.70 Gy, D10 = 9.2 Gy and D0 = 5.6 Gy). A lower level of radiation-induced micronuclei formation observed in CROE cells suggested that reduced induction and/or enhanced DNA repair partly contributed to the enhanced radioresistance. Consistent with this suggestion, we noted that CRT-mediated radioresistance was coupled with enhanced grp78 level and reduced P53 activation-mediated prodeath signaling, while no changes were noted in acetylation of histone H4. DAMC-enhanced radiation-induced delayed (secondary) apoptosis, which was higher in CROE cells. CONCLUSION CRT overexpression confers resistance against radiation-induced death of human glioma cells, which can be overcome by the polyphenolic acetate DAMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Verma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Majumdar MargDelhiIndia,Present address:
PACT & Health LLC, BranfordConnecticut, 06405‐2546USA
| | - Aastha Arora
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Majumdar MargDelhiIndia
| | - Anant N Bhatt
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Majumdar MargDelhiIndia
| | | | - Ashok K Prasad
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of ChemistryUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia
| | - Virinder S Parmar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of ChemistryUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia,Department of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceMedgar Evers College, The City University of New YorkBrooklynNew York
| | - Bilikere S Dwarakanath
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Majumdar MargDelhiIndia,Central Research FacilitySri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and ResearchChennaiIndia
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Spyrou N, Vallianou N, Kadillari J, Dalamaga M. The interplay of obesity, gut microbiome and diet in the immune check point inhibitors therapy era. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 73:356-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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