1
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Wu J, Shi H, Li X, He J, Zhang C, Sun F, Du Y. Synthesis of 4-functionalized pyrazoles via oxidative thio- or selenocyanation mediated by PhICl 2 and NH 4SCN/KSeCN. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1453-1461. [PMID: 38952956 PMCID: PMC11216092 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of 4-thio/seleno-cyanated pyrazoles was conveniently synthesized from 4-unsubstituted pyrazoles using NH4SCN/KSeCN as thio/selenocyanogen sources and PhICl2 as the hypervalent iodine oxidant. This metal-free approach was postulated to involve the in situ generation of reactive thio/selenocyanogen chloride (Cl-SCN/SeCN) from the reaction of PhICl2 and NH4SCN/KSeCN, followed by an electrophilic thio/selenocyanation of the pyrazole skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haofeng Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiaxin He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Fengxia Sun
- Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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2
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Gao X, He H, Miao K, Zhang L, Ni SF, Li M, Guo W. Electrochemical Allylic C(sp 3)-H Isothiocyanation via [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement. Org Lett 2024; 26:4554-4559. [PMID: 38767297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The direct allylic C(sp3)-H functionalization provides a straightforward protocol for the synthesis of valuable molecules. We report herein the first chemo- and site-selective method for allylic C(sp3)-H isothiocyanation of various internal alkenes under mild electrochemical conditions. This method exhibits broad functional group tolerance and excellent selectivity and can be applied for late-stage isothiocyanation of bioactive molecules. Combined experimental and computational studies indicate that the reaction proceeds via an unexpected [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhuang Gao
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, 266042 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kaili Miao
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, 266042 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Linbao Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, 266042 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, 266042 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Weisi Guo
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, 266042 Qingdao, P. R. China
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3
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Gao H, Chen Z, Zhao L, Ji C, Xing F. Cellular functions, molecular signalings and therapeutic applications: Translational potential of deubiquitylating enzyme USP9X as a drug target in cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189099. [PMID: 38582329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination, one of the most significant post-translational modifications, plays an important role in controlling the proteins activity in diverse cellular processes. The reversible process of protein ubiquitination, known as deubiquitination, has emerged as a critical mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The deubiquitinases (DUBs), which participate in deubiquitination process are increasingly recognized as potential candidates for drug discovery. Among these DUBs, ubiquitin-specific protease 9× (USP9X), a highly conserved member of the USP family, exhibits versatile functions in various cellular processes, including the regulation of cell cycle, protein endocytosis, apoptosis, cell polarity, immunological microenvironment, and stem cell characteristics. The dysregulation and abnormal activities of USP9X are influenced by intricate cellular signaling pathway crosstalk and upstream non-coding RNAs. The complex expression patterns and controversial clinical significance of USP9X in cancers suggest its potential as a prognostic biomarker. Furthermore, USP9X inhibitors has shown promising antitumor activity and holds the potential to overcome therapeutic resistance in preclinical models. However, a comprehensive summary of the role and molecular functions of USP9X in cancer progression is currently lacking. In this review, we provide a comprehensive delineation of USP9X participation in numerous critical cellular processes, complicated signaling pathways within the tumor microenvironment, and its potential translational applications to combat therapeutic resistance. By systematically summarizing the updated molecular mechanisms of USP9X in cancer biology, this review aims to contribute to the advancement of cancer therapeutics and provide essential insights for specialists and clinicians in the development of improved cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Zhiguang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ce Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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4
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Guan IA, Liu JST, Sawyer RC, Li X, Jiao W, Jiramongkol Y, White MD, Hagimola L, Passam FH, Tran DP, Liu X, Schoenwaelder SM, Jackson SP, Payne RJ, Liu X. Integrating Phenotypic and Chemoproteomic Approaches to Identify Covalent Targets of Dietary Electrophiles in Platelets. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:344-357. [PMID: 38435523 PMCID: PMC10906253 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
A large variety of dietary phytochemicals has been shown to improve thrombosis and stroke outcomes in preclinical studies. Many of these compounds feature electrophilic functionalities that potentially undergo covalent addition to the sulfhydryl side chain of cysteine residues within proteins. However, the impact of such covalent modifications on the platelet activity and function remains unclear. This study explores the irreversible engagement of 23 electrophilic phytochemicals with platelets, unveiling the unique antiplatelet selectivity of sulforaphane (SFN). SFN impairs platelet responses to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a thromboxane A2 receptor agonist while not affecting thrombin and collagen-related peptide activation. It also substantially reduces platelet thrombus formation under arterial flow conditions. Using an alkyne-integrated probe, protein disulfide isomerase A6 (PDIA6) was identified as a rapid kinetic responder to SFN. Mechanistic profiling studies revealed SFN's nuanced modulation of PDIA6 activity and substrate specificity. In an electrolytic injury model of thrombosis, SFN enhanced the thrombolytic activity of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) without increasing blood loss. Our results serve as a catalyst for further investigations into the preventive and therapeutic mechanisms of dietary antiplatelets, aiming to enhance the clot-busting power of rtPA, currently the only approved therapeutic for stroke recanalization that has significant limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy A. Guan
- School
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University
of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The
Heart Research Institute, The University
of Sydney, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
| | - Joanna S. T. Liu
- The
Heart Research Institute, The University
of Sydney, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
- School
of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Renata C. Sawyer
- School
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University
of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The
Heart Research Institute, The University
of Sydney, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
| | - Xiang Li
- Department
of Medicine, Washington University in St.
Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- McDonnell
Genome Institute, Washington University
in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Wanting Jiao
- Ferrier Research
Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yannasittha Jiramongkol
- School
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University
of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Charles
Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Mark D. White
- School
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University
of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Lejla Hagimola
- School
of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Freda H. Passam
- School
of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Denise P. Tran
- Sydney
Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- School
of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Simone M. Schoenwaelder
- The
Heart Research Institute, The University
of Sydney, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
- School
of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Shaun P. Jackson
- The
Heart Research Institute, The University
of Sydney, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
- Charles
Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Richard J. Payne
- School
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University
of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Xuyu Liu
- School
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University
of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The
Heart Research Institute, The University
of Sydney, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
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5
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Meng Y, Hong C, Yang S, Qin Z, Yang L, Huang Y. Roles of USP9X in cellular functions and tumorigenesis (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 26:506. [PMID: 37920433 PMCID: PMC10618932 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9X (USP9X) is involved in certain human diseases, including malignancies, atherosclerosis and certain diseases of the nervous system. USP9X promotes the deubiquitination and stabilization of diverse substrates, thereby exerting a versatile range of effects on pathological and physiological processes. USP9X serves vital roles in the processes of cell survival, invasion and migration in various types of cancer. The present review aims to highlight the current knowledge of USP9X in terms of its structure and the possible mediatory mechanisms involved in certain types of cancer, providing a thorough introduction to its biological functions in carcinogenesis and further outlining its oncogenic or suppressive properties in a diverse range of cancer types. Finally, several perspectives regarding USP9X-targeted pharmacological therapeutics in cancer development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Meng
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Chaojin Hong
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Sifu Yang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zhiquan Qin
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Huang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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6
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Vrca I, Jug B, Fredotović Ž, Vuko E, Brkan V, Šestić L, Juretić L, Dunkić V, Nazlić M, Ramić D, Smole Možina S, Kremer D. Significant Benefits of Environmentally Friendly Hydrosols from Tropaeolum majus L. Seeds with Multiple Biological Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3897. [PMID: 38005794 PMCID: PMC10675760 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Tropaeolum majus L. is a traditional medicinal plant with a wide range of biological activities due to the degradation products of the glucosinolate glucotropaeolin. Therefore, the goals of this study were to identify volatiles using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) of the hydrosols (HYs) isolated using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG). Cytotoxic activity was tested against a cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), human colon cancer cell line (HCT116), human osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS), and healthy cell line (RPE1). The effect on wound healing was investigated using human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT), while the antibacterial activity of the HYs was tested against growth and adhesion to a polystyrene surface of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Antiphytoviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was determined. The GC-MS analysis showed that the two main compounds in the HYs of T. majus are benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and benzyl cyanide (BCN) using the MAE (62.29% BITC and 15.02% BCN) and MHG (17.89% BITC and 65.33% BCN) extraction techniques. The HYs obtained using MAE showed better cytotoxic activity against the tested cancer cell lines (IC50 value of 472.61-637.07 µg/mL) compared to the HYs obtained using MHG (IC50 value of 719.01-1307.03 μg/mL). Both concentrations (5 and 20 µg/mL) of T. majus HYs using MAE showed a mild but statistically non-significant effect in promoting gap closure compared with untreated cells, whereas the T. majus HY isolated using MHG at a concentration of 15 µg/mL showed a statistically significant negative effect on wound healing. The test showed that the MIC concentration was above 0.5 mg/mL for the HY isolated using MAE, and 2 mg/mL for the HY isolated using MHG. The HY isolated using MHG reduced the adhesion of E. coli at a concentration of 2 mg/mL, while it also reduced the adhesion of S. aureus at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Both hydrosols showed excellent antiphytoviral activity against TMV, achieving100% inhibition of local lesions on the leaves of infected plants, which is the first time such a result was obtained with a hydrosol treatment. Due to the antiphytoviral activity results, hydrosols of T. majus have a promising future for use in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Vrca
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia; (Ž.F.); (E.V.); (V.B.); (L.Š.); (V.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Blaž Jug
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.J.); (D.R.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Željana Fredotović
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia; (Ž.F.); (E.V.); (V.B.); (L.Š.); (V.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Elma Vuko
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia; (Ž.F.); (E.V.); (V.B.); (L.Š.); (V.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Valentina Brkan
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia; (Ž.F.); (E.V.); (V.B.); (L.Š.); (V.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Loriana Šestić
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia; (Ž.F.); (E.V.); (V.B.); (L.Š.); (V.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Lea Juretić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Valerija Dunkić
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia; (Ž.F.); (E.V.); (V.B.); (L.Š.); (V.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Marija Nazlić
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia; (Ž.F.); (E.V.); (V.B.); (L.Š.); (V.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Dina Ramić
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.J.); (D.R.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.J.); (D.R.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Dario Kremer
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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7
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Zhang X, Chen Y, Yang B, Shao X, Ying M. Driving the degradation of oncofusion proteins for targeted cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103584. [PMID: 37061213 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Oncofusion proteins drive the development of about 16.5% of human cancers {AuQ: Edit OK?}, functioning as the unique pathogenic factor in some cancers. The targeting of oncofusion proteins is an attractive strategy to treat malignant tumors. Recently, triggering the degradation of oncofusion proteins has been shown to hold great promise as a therapeutic strategy. Here, we review the recent findings on the mechanisms that maintain the high stability of oncofusion proteins. Then, we summarize strategies to target the degradation of oncofusion proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, and the caspase-dependent pathway. By examining oncofusion protein degradation in cancer, we not only gain better insight into the carcinogenic mechanisms that involve oncofusion proteins, but also raise the possibility of treating oncofusion-driven cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingya Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingqian Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuejing Shao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Meidan Ying
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Pediatric Cancer Research Center, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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8
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Tabolacci C, De Vita D, Facchiano A, Bozzuto G, Beninati S, Failla CM, Di Martile M, Lintas C, Mischiati C, Stringaro A, Del Bufalo D, Facchiano F. Phytochemicals as Immunomodulatory Agents in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032657. [PMID: 36768978 PMCID: PMC9916941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is an immunogenic highly heterogenic tumor characterized by poor outcomes when it is diagnosed late. Therefore, immunotherapy in combination with other anti-proliferative approaches is among the most effective weapons to control its growth and metastatic dissemination. Recently, a large amount of published reports indicate the interest of researchers and clinicians about plant secondary metabolites as potentially useful therapeutic tools due to their lower presence of side effects coupled with their high potency and efficacy. Published evidence was reported in most cases through in vitro studies but also, with a growing body of evidence, through in vivo investigations. Our aim was, therefore, to review the published studies focused on the most interesting phytochemicals whose immunomodulatory activities and/or mechanisms of actions were demonstrated and applied to melanoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tabolacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela De Vita
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Bozzuto
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Beninati
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Lintas
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Mischiati
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annarita Stringaro
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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9
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Youseif SH, Abdel-Fatah HMK, Khalil MS. A new source of bacterial myrosinase isolated from endophytic Bacillus sp. NGB-B10, and its relevance in biological control activity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:215. [PMID: 36056962 PMCID: PMC9440883 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Plant metabolism interacts strongly with the plant microbiome. Glucosinolates, secondary metabolites synthesized by Brassica plants, are hydrolyzed by myrosinase into bioactive compounds of great importance in human health and plant protection. Compared with myrosinase from plant sources, myrosinase enzymes of microbial origin have not been extensively investigated. Therefore, seven endophytic strains corresponding to Bacillus sp. were isolated from Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa plants that could hydrolyse glucosinolates (sinigrin) in the culture medium and showed myrosinase activity (0.08–19.92 U mL−1). The bglA myrosinase-related gene encoding the 6-phospho-β-glucosidase (GH 1) from Bacillus sp. NGB-B10, the most active myrosinase-producing bacterium, was successfully identified. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to statistically optimize culture conditions for myrosinase production from Bacillus sp. strain NGB-B10. The Plackett–Burman design indicated that nitrogen concentration, incubation period, and agitation speed were the significant parameters in myrosinase production. The application of the Box–Behnken design of RSM resulted in a 10.03-fold increase in enzyme activity as compared to the non-optimized culture conditions. The myrosinase was partially purified by 40% fractionation followed by SDS-PAGE analysis which yielded two subunits that had a molecular weight of 38.6 and 35.0 KDa. The purified enzyme was stable under a broad range of pH (5.5–10) and temperatures (10–65 °C). The hydrolysis products released by bacterial myrosinase from some glucosinolate extracts had higher and/or equivalent in vitro antagonistic activity against several phytopathogenic fungi compared to the nystatin (a broad-spectrum antifungal agent). This study provides original information about a new source of bacterial myrosinase and affords an optimized method to enhance myrosinase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh H Youseif
- Department of Microbial Genetic Resources, National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, 12619, Egypt. .,Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th October, Giza, 12451, Egypt.
| | - Hanan M K Abdel-Fatah
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mary S Khalil
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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10
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Krishnan M, Venkidasamy B. PEITC: A prospective natural metabolite in oral cancer treatment. Oral Oncol 2022; 133:106044. [PMID: 35908363 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Krishnan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai 77, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai 77, Tamil Nadu, India.
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11
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Khattak S, Rauf MA, Khan NH, Zhang QQ, Chen HJ, Muhammad P, Ansari MA, Alomary MN, Jahangir M, Zhang CY, Ji XY, Wu DD. Hydrogen Sulfide Biology and Its Role in Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113389. [PMID: 35684331 PMCID: PMC9181954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous biologically active gas produced in mammalian tissues. It plays a very critical role in many pathophysiological processes in the body. It can be endogenously produced through many enzymes analogous to the cysteine family, while the exogenous source may involve inorganic sulfide salts. H2S has recently been well investigated with regard to the onset of various carcinogenic diseases such as lung, breast, ovaries, colon cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. H2S is considered an oncogenic gas, and a potential therapeutic target for treating and diagnosing cancers, due to its role in mediating the development of tumorigenesis. Here in this review, an in-detail up-to-date explanation of the potential role of H2S in different malignancies has been reported. The study summarizes the synthesis of H2S, its roles, signaling routes, expressions, and H2S release in various malignancies. Considering the critical importance of this active biological molecule, we believe this review in this esteemed journal will highlight the oncogenic role of H2S in the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadullah Khattak
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (S.K.); (N.H.K.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Mohd Ahmar Rauf
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (S.K.); (N.H.K.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (S.K.); (N.H.K.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Hao-Jie Chen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (S.K.); (N.H.K.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Pir Muhammad
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Jahangir
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China;
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Hami Central Hospital, Hami 839000, China
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (D.-D.W.); Tel.: +86-371-67967151 (C.-Y.Z.); +86-371-23880585 (X.-Y.J.); +86-371-23880525 (D.-D.W.)
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (S.K.); (N.H.K.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (D.-D.W.); Tel.: +86-371-67967151 (C.-Y.Z.); +86-371-23880585 (X.-Y.J.); +86-371-23880525 (D.-D.W.)
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (S.K.); (N.H.K.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (D.-D.W.); Tel.: +86-371-67967151 (C.-Y.Z.); +86-371-23880585 (X.-Y.J.); +86-371-23880525 (D.-D.W.)
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12
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Kyriakou S, Trafalis DT, Deligiorgi MV, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Assessment of Methodological Pipelines for the Determination of Isothiocyanates Derived from Natural Sources. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040642. [PMID: 35453327 PMCID: PMC9029005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates are biologically active secondary metabolites liberated via enzymatic hydrolysis of their sulfur enriched precursors, glucosinolates, upon tissue plant disruption. The importance of this class of compounds lies in their capacity to induce anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and other bioactive properties. As such, their isolation from natural sources is of utmost importance. In this review article, an extensive examination of the various parameters (hydrolysis, extraction, and quantification) affecting the isolation of isothiocyanates from naturally-derived sources is presented. Overall, the effective isolation/extraction and quantification of isothiocyanate is strongly associated with their chemical and physicochemical properties, such as polarity-solubility as well as thermal and acidic stability. Furthermore, the successful activation of myrosinase appears to be a major factor affecting the conversion of glucosinolates into active isothiocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Kyriakou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
| | - Dimitrios T. Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.T.T.); (M.V.D.)
| | - Maria V. Deligiorgi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.T.T.); (M.V.D.)
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Centre, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +357-22392626
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13
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Doria E, Buonocore D, Marra A, Bontà V, Gazzola A, Dossena M, Verri M, Calvio C. Bacterial-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Cauliflower. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:816. [PMID: 35336698 PMCID: PMC8949413 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The market for nutraceutical molecules is growing at an impressive pace in all Western countries. A convenient source of bioactive compounds is found in vegetable waste products, and their re-use for the recovery of healthy biomolecules would increase the sustainability of the food production system. However, safe, cheap, and sustainable technologies should be applied for the recovery of these beneficial molecules, avoiding the use of toxic organic solvents or expensive equipment. The soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis is naturally endowed with several enzymes targeting complex vegetable polymers. In this work, a raw bacterial culture supernatant was used to assist in the extraction of bioactives using isothermal pressurization cycles. Besides a wild-type Bacillus subtilis strain, a new strain showing increased secretion of cellulases and xylanases, pivotal enzymes for the digestion of the plant cell wall, was also used. Results indicate that the recovery of compounds correlates with the amount of cellulolytic enzymes applied, demonstrating that the pretreatment with non-purified culture broth effectively promotes the release of bioactives from the vegetable matrix. Therefore, this approach is a valid and sustainable procedure for the recovery of bioactive compounds from food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Doria
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology L. Spallanzani, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.B.); (A.M.); (V.B.); (M.D.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Daniela Buonocore
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology L. Spallanzani, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.B.); (A.M.); (V.B.); (M.D.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Antonio Marra
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology L. Spallanzani, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.B.); (A.M.); (V.B.); (M.D.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Valeria Bontà
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology L. Spallanzani, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.B.); (A.M.); (V.B.); (M.D.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Andrea Gazzola
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Maurizia Dossena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology L. Spallanzani, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.B.); (A.M.); (V.B.); (M.D.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Manuela Verri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology L. Spallanzani, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.B.); (A.M.); (V.B.); (M.D.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Cinzia Calvio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology L. Spallanzani, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.B.); (A.M.); (V.B.); (M.D.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
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14
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Zhang S, Li Y, Wang T, Li M, Wen L, Guo W. Electrochemical Benzylic C(sp 3)-H Isothiocyanation. Org Lett 2022; 24:1742-1746. [PMID: 35200030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Selective C(sp3)-H isothiocyanation represents a significant strategy for the synthesis of isothiocyanate derivatives. We report herein an electrochemical benzylic isothiocyanation in a highly chemo- and site-selective manner under external oxidant-free conditions. The high chemoselectivity is attributed to the facile in situ isomerization of benzylic thiocyanates to isothiocyanates. Notably, the method exhibits high functional group compatibility and is suitable for late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lirong Wen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Weisi Guo
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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15
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Sumi K, Tago K, Nakazawa Y, Takahashi K, Ohe T, Mashino T, Funakoshi-Tago M. A bis-pyridinium fullerene derivative induces apoptosis through the generation of ROS in BCR-ABL-positive leukemia cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 916:174714. [PMID: 34953803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A fusion protein, Breakpoint cluster region-Abelson (BCR-ABL) is responsible for the development of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Inhibitors against BCR-ABL are effective for the treatment of leukemia; however, a gatekeeper mutation (T315I) in BCR-ABL results in resistance to these inhibitors, which markedly impedes their efficacy. We herein demonstrated that a bis-pyridinium fullerene derivative (BPF) significantly induced apoptosis in human CML-derived K562 cells and ALL-derived SUP-B15 cells via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). BPF reduced the expression of Bcr-Abl mRNA by inhibiting expression of c-Myc through ROS production. BPF also accelerated protein degradation of BCR-ABL through ROS production. Furthermore, BPF down-regulated the expression of not only BCR-ABL but also T315I-mutated BCR-ABL in ROS-dependent manner. As a result, BPF effectively induced apoptosis in transformed Ba/F3 cells expressing both BCR-ABL and T315I-mutated BCR-ABL. Collectively, these results indicate the potential of BPF as an effective leukemia drug that overcomes resistance to BCR-ABL inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Sumi
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kenji Tago
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Nakazawa
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takahashi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohe
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Mashino
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Megumi Funakoshi-Tago
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
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16
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Upadhyay A. Natural compounds in the regulation of proteostatic pathways: An invincible artillery against stress, ageing, and diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2995-3014. [PMID: 34729300 PMCID: PMC8546668 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells have different sets of molecules for performing an array of physiological functions. Nucleic acids have stored and carried the information throughout evolution, whereas proteins have been attributed to performing most of the cellular functions. To perform these functions, proteins need to have a unique conformation and a definite lifespan. These attributes are achieved by a highly coordinated protein quality control (PQC) system comprising chaperones to fold the proteins in a proper three-dimensional structure, ubiquitin-proteasome system for selective degradation of proteins, and autophagy for bulk clearance of cell debris. Many kinds of stresses and perturbations may lead to the weakening of these protective cellular machinery, leading to the unfolding and aggregation of cellular proteins and the occurrence of numerous pathological conditions. However, modulating the expression and functional efficiency of molecular chaperones, E3 ubiquitin ligases, and autophagic proteins may diminish cellular proteotoxic load and mitigate various pathological effects. Natural medicine and small molecule-based therapies have been well-documented for their effectiveness in modulating these pathways and reestablishing the lost proteostasis inside the cells to combat disease conditions. The present article summarizes various similar reports and highlights the importance of the molecules obtained from natural sources in disease therapeutics.
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Key Words
- 17-AAG, 17-allylamino-geldanamycin
- APC, anaphase-promoting complex
- Ageing
- Autophagy
- BAG, BCL2-associated athanogene
- CAP, chaperone-assisted proteasomal degradation
- CASA, chaperone-assisted selective autophagy
- CHIP, carboxy-terminus of HSC70 interacting protein
- CMA, chaperone-mediated autophagy
- Cancer
- Chaperones
- DUBs, deubiquitinases
- Drug discovery
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- ESCRT, endosomal sorting complexes required for transport
- HECT, homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus
- HSC70, heat shock cognate 70
- HSF1, heat shock factor 1
- HSP, heat shock protein
- KFERQ, lysine-phenylalanine-glutamate-arginine-glutamine
- LAMP2a, lysosome-associated membrane protein 2a
- LC3, light chain 3
- NBR1, next to BRCA1 gene 1
- Natural molecules
- Neurodegeneration
- PQC, protein quality control
- Proteinopathies
- Proteostasis
- RING, really interesting new gene
- UPS, ubiquitin–proteasome system
- Ub, ubiquitin
- Ubiquitin proteasome system
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Upadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindari, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
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17
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Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are biologically active molecules found in several natural products and pharmaceutical ingredients. Moreover, due to their high and versatile reactivity, they are widely used as intermediates in organic synthesis. This review considers the best practices for the synthesis of ITCs using elemental sulfur, highlighting recent developments. First, we summarize the in situ generation of thiocarbonyl surrogates followed by their transformation in the presence of primary amines leading to ITCs. Second, carbenes and amines afford isocyanides, and the further reaction of this species with sulfur readily generates ITCs under thermal, catalytic or basic conditions. Additionally, we also reveal that in the catalyst-free reaction of isocyanides and sulfur, two—until this time overlooked and not investigated—different mechanistic pathways exist.
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18
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Liu X, Li H, Yin X. NaOH-promoted one-pot aryl isothiocyanate synthesis under mild benchtop conditions. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.1927031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry of Guizhou Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaogang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry of Guizhou Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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19
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Rabben HL, Kodama Y, Nakamura M, Bones AM, Wang TC, Chen D, Zhao CM, Øverby A. Chemopreventive Effects of Dietary Isothiocyanates in Animal Models of Gastric Cancer and Synergistic Anticancer Effects With Cisplatin in Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:613458. [PMID: 33897415 PMCID: PMC8060630 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.613458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring isothiocyanates (ITCs) from edible vegetables have shown potential as chemopreventive agents against several types of cancer. The aims of the present study were to study the potential of ITCs in chemoprevention and in potentiating the efficacy of cytotoxic drugs in gastric cancer treatment. The chemoprevention was studied in chemically induced mouse model of gastric cancer, namely N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in drinking water, and in a genetically engineered mouse model of gastric cancer (the so-called INS-GAS mice). The pharmacological effects of ITCs with or without cisplatin were studied in human gastric cell lines MKN45, AGS, MKN74 and KATO-III, which were derived from either intestinal or diffused types of gastric carcinoma. The results showed that dietary phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) reduced the tumor size when PEITC was given simultaneously with MNU, but neither when administrated after MNU nor in INS-GAS mice. Treatments of gastric cancer cells with ITCs resulted in a time- and concentration-dependent inhibition on cell proliferation. Pretreatment of gastric cancer cells with ITCs enhanced the inhibitory effects of cisplatin (but not 5-fluorouracil) in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Treatments of gastric cancer cells with PEITC plus cisplatin simultaneously at different concentrations of either PEITC or cisplatin exhibited neither additive nor synergetic inhibitory effect. Furthermore, PEITC depleted glutathione and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that PEITC displayed anti-cancer effects, particularly when given before the tumor initiation, suggesting a chemopreventive effect in gastric cancer, and that pretreatment of PEITC potentiated the anti-cancer effects of cisplatin, possibly by reducing the intracellular pool of glutathione, suggesting a possible combination strategy of chemotherapy with pretreatment with PEITC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne-Line Rabben
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,The Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Yosuke Kodama
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Masahiko Nakamura
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Clinical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atle Magnar Bones
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Timothy Cragin Wang
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Duan Chen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chun-Mei Zhao
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,The Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Anders Øverby
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Clinical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Long MJC, Kulkarni A, Aye Y. Can Precision Electrophile Signaling Make a Meaningful and Lasting Impression in Drug Design? Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100051. [PMID: 33826211 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For several years, drugs with reactive electrophilic appendages have been developed. These units typically confer prolonged residence time of the drugs on their protein targets, and may assist targeting shallow binding sites and/or improving the drug-protein target spectrum. Studies on natural electrophilic molecules have indicated that, in many instances, natural electrophiles use similar mechanisms to alter signaling pathways. However, natural reactive species are also endowed with other important mechanisms to hone signaling properties that are uncommon in drug design. These include ability to be active at low occupancy and elevated inhibitor kinetics. Herein, we discuss how we have begun to harness these properties in inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J C Long
- University of Lausanne, Department of Biochemistry, Chemin des boveresses 155, Epalinges, 1066, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amogh Kulkarni
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yimon Aye
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Rong HJ, Chen T, Xu ZG, Su TD, Shang Y, Wang YQ, Yang CF. 4-Dimethylaminopyridine-catalyzed synthesis of isothiocyanates from amines and carbon disulfide. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Xu L, Zhang B, Li W. Downregulated expression levels of USP46 promote the resistance of ovarian cancer to cisplatin and are regulated by PUM2. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:263. [PMID: 33576437 PMCID: PMC7893694 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a major contributor to cancer-related mortality in women. Despite numerous drugs being available for the treatment and improving the prognosis of OC, resistance to clinical chemotherapy remains a major obstacle for the treatment of advanced OC. Therefore, determining how to reverse the chemoresistance of OC has become a research hotspot in recent years. The present study aimed to reveal the potential mechanism of OC chemoresistance. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression levels of Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 46 (USP46) and Pumilio 2 (PUM2) in OC. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The association between USP46 and PUM2 was assessed by RNA immunoprecipitation. The results of the present study revealed that the expression levels of USP46 which is associated with tumor progression, was downregulated, while PUM2 expression levels were upregulated in cisplatin (DDP)-resistant OC cells and patient tissues. The downregulation of USP46 expression levels in SKOV3 cells significantly inhibited cell apoptosis and increased cell viability. In SKOV3/DDP cells, the upregulation of USP46 expression levels notably suppressed cell viability and increased cell apoptosis. The results of the RNA immunoprecipitation chip assay demonstrated that PUM2 bound to USP46 and regulated its expression. Furthermore, following the knockdown of USP46 expression, the mRNA and protein expression levels of the cell apoptosis-related protein, Bcl-2, were upregulated, whereas the expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax were significantly downregulated. In addition, phosphorylated AKT expression levels were notably upregulated. Following the overexpression of USP46 in SKOV3/DDP cells, the opposite trends were observed. In SKOV3 cells, the knockdown of PUM2 could reverse the DDP resistance induced by small interfering RNA-USP46 as the expression levels of Bcl-2 were downregulated whereas those of caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax were upregulated compared with the small interfering-USP46 group. Similarly, in SKOV3/DDP cells, the overexpression of PUM2 could reverse DDP sensitivity induced by the overexpression of USP46. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that the downregulation of USP46 expression levels may promote DDP resistance in OC, which may be regulated by PUM2. Therefore, targeting PUM2/USP46 may be an effective way to reverse DDP resistance in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong 266400, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Surgery, People's Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong 266400, P.R. China
| | - Wenlan Li
- Department of Outpatient Department, People's Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong 266400, P.R. China
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23
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Long MJC, Rogg C, Aye Y. An Oculus to Profile and Probe Target Engagement In Vivo: How T-REX Was Born and Its Evolution into G-REX. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:618-631. [PMID: 33228351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Here we provide a personal account of innovation and design principles underpinning a method to interrogate precision electrophile signaling that has come to be known as "REX technologies". This Account is framed in the context of trying to improve methods of target mining and understanding of individual target-ligand engagement by a specific natural electrophile and the ramifications of this labeling event in cells and organisms. We start by explaining from a practical standpoint why gleaning such understanding is critical: we are constantly assailed by a battery of electrophilic molecules that exist as a consequence of diet, food preparation, ineluctable endogenous metabolic processes, and potentially disease. The resulting molecules, which are detectable in the body, appear to be able to modify function of specific proteins. Aside from potentially being biologically relevant in their own right, these labeling events are essentially identical to protein-covalent drug interactions. Thus, on what proteins and even in what ways a covalent drug will work can be understood through the eyes of natural electrophiles; extending this logic leads to the postulate that target identification of specific electrophiles can inform on drug design. However, when we entered this field, there was no way to interrogate how a specific labeling event impacted a specific protein in an unperturbed cell. Methods to evaluate stoichiometry of labeling, and even chemospecificity of a specific phenotype were limited. There were further no generally accepted ways to study electrophile signaling that did not hugely disturb physiology.We developed T-REX, a method to study single-protein-specific electrophile engagement, to interrogate how single-protein electrophile labeling shapes pathway flux. Using T-REX, we discovered that labeling of several proteins by a specific electrophile, even at low occupancy, leads to biologically relevant signaling outputs. Further experimentation using T-REX showed that in some instances, single-protein isoforms were electrophile responsive against other isoforms, such as Akt3. Selective electrophile-labeling of Akt3 elicited inhibition of Akt-pathway flux in cells and in zebrafish embryos. Using these data, we rationally designed a molecule to selectively target Akt3. This was a fusion of the naturally derived electrophile and an isoform-nonspecific, reversible Akt inhibitor in phase-II trials, MK-2206. The resulting molecule was a selective inhibitor of Akt3 and was shown to fare better than MK-2206 in breast cancer xenograft mouse models. Recently, we have also developed a means to screen electrophile sensors that is unbiased and uses a precise burst of electrophiles. Using this method, dubbed G-REX, in conjunction with T-REX, we discovered new DNA-damage response upregulation pathways orchestrated by simple natural electrophiles. We thus emphasize how deriving a quantitative understanding of electrophile signaling that is linked to thorough and precise mechanistic studies can open doors to numerous medicinally and biologically relevant insights, from gleaning better understanding of target engagement and target mining to rational design of targeted covalent medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Rogg
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yimon Aye
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Nickisch R, Conen P, Gabrielsen SM, Meier MAR. A more sustainable isothiocyanate synthesis by amine catalyzed sulfurization of isocyanides with elemental sulfur. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3134-3142. [PMID: 35424261 PMCID: PMC8693870 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10436a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are typically prepared using amines and highly toxic reagents such as thiophosgene, its derivatives, or CS2. In this work, an investigation of a multicomponent reaction (MCR) using isocyanides, elemental sulfur and amines revealed that isocyanides can be converted to isothiocyanates using sulfur and catalytic amounts of amine bases, especially DBU (down to 2 mol%). This new catalytic reaction was optimized in terms of sustainability, especially considering benign solvents such as Cyrene™ or γ-butyrolactone (GBL) under moderate heating (40 °C). Purification by column chromatography was further optimized to generate less waste by maintaining high purity of the product. Thus, E-factors as low as 0.989 were achieved and the versatility of this straightforward procedure was shown by converting 20 different isocyanides under catalytic conditions, while obtaining moderate to high yields (34-95%).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nickisch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany http://www.meier-michael.com
| | - P Conen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany http://www.meier-michael.com
| | - S M Gabrielsen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany http://www.meier-michael.com
| | - M A R Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany http://www.meier-michael.com
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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25
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CRUZ-RAMÍREZ SG, LÓPEZ-SAIZ CM, ROSAS-BURGOS EC, CINCO-MOROYOQUI FJ, VELÁZQUEZ C, HERNÁNDEZ J, BURGOS-HERNÁNDEZ A. Antimutagenic bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate isolated from octopus (Paraoctopus vulgaris). FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.26119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Guo W, Wang Q, Zhu J. Selective 1,2‐Aminoisothiocyanation of 1,3‐Dienes Under Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weisi Guo
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering Qingdao University of Science & Technology 53 Zhengzhou Road Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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27
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Guo W, Wang Q, Zhu J. Selective 1,2‐Aminoisothiocyanation of 1,3‐Dienes Under Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:4085-4089. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weisi Guo
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering Qingdao University of Science & Technology 53 Zhengzhou Road Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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28
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Shibata N, Ohoka N, Tsuji G, Demizu Y, Miyawaza K, Ui-Tei K, Akiyama T, Naito M. Deubiquitylase USP25 prevents degradation of BCR-ABL protein and ensures proliferation of Ph-positive leukemia cells. Oncogene 2020; 39:3867-3878. [PMID: 32203161 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fusion genes resulting from chromosomal rearrangements are frequently found in a variety of cancer cells. Some of these are known to be driver oncogenes, such as BCR-ABL in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The products of such fusion genes are abnormal proteins that are ordinarily degraded in cells by a mechanism known as protein quality control. This suggests that the degradation of BCR-ABL protein is suppressed in CML cells to ensure their proliferative activity. Here, we show that ubiquitin-specific protease 25 (USP25) suppresses the degradation of BCR-ABL protein in cells harboring Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). USP25 was found proximal to BCR-ABL protein in cells. Depletion of USP25 using shRNA-mediated gene silencing increased the ubiquitylated BCR-ABL, and reduced the level of BCR-ABL protein. Accordingly, BCR-ABL-mediated signaling and cell proliferation were suppressed in BCR-ABL-positive leukemia cells by the depletion of USP25. We further found that pharmacological inhibition of USP25 induced rapid degradation of BCR-ABL protein in Ph-positive leukemia cells, regardless of their sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These results indicate that USP25 is a novel target for inducing the degradation of oncogenic BCR-ABL protein in Ph-positive leukemia cells. This could be an effective approach to overcome resistance to kinase inhibitors.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Deubiquitinating Enzymes/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Silencing/drug effects
- Genes, abl/genetics
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proteolysis/drug effects
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Shibata
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Ohoka
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Genichiro Tsuji
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Keiji Miyawaza
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ui-Tei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Tetsu Akiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Naito
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
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29
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Induction of Apoptosis by Gluconasturtiin-Isothiocyanate (GNST-ITC) in Human Hepatocarcinoma HepG2 Cells and Human Breast Adenocarcinoma MCF-7 Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051240. [PMID: 32182965 PMCID: PMC7179403 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gluconasturtiin, a glucosinolate present in watercress, is hydrolysed by myrosinase to form gluconasturtiin-isothiocyanate (GNST-ITC), which has potential chemopreventive effects; however, the underlying mechanisms of action have not been explored, mainly in human cell lines. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity of GNST-ITC and to further assess its potential to induce apoptosis. GNST-ITC inhibited cell proliferation in both human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells with IC50 values of 7.83 µM and 5.02 µM, respectively. Morphological changes as a result of GNST-ITC-induced apoptosis showed chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and membrane blebbing. Additionally, Annexin V assay showed proportion of cells in early and late apoptosis upon exposure to GNST-ITC in a time-dependent manner. To delineate the mechanism of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and expression of caspases were studied. GNST-ITC induced a time-dependent G2/M phase arrest, with reduction of 82% and 93% in HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. The same treatment also led to the subsequent expression of caspase-3/7 and -9 in both cells demonstrating mitochondrial-associated cell death. Collectively, these results reveal that GNST-ITC can inhibit cell proliferation and can induce cell death in HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cells via apoptosis, highlighting its potential development as an anticancer agent.
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30
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Mao X, Ni J, Xu B, Ding C. K2S2O8-promoted direct thiocyanation of pyrazolin-5-ones with ammonium thiocyanate at room temperature. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A facile and efficient approach for the direct thiocyanation of pyrazolin-5-ones under mild conditions has been established for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Mao
- Department of Chemistry
- Innovative Drug Research Center
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
| | - Jiabin Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- and the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- Innovative Drug Research Center
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
| | - Chunyong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- and the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
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31
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Fischer M, Schmidtmann M. B(C 6F 5) 3- and HB(C 6F 5) 2-mediated transformations of isothiocyanates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6205-6208. [PMID: 32364554 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02626c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This contribution reports on the reactivity of isothiocyanates towards the boranes B(C6F5)3 and HB(C6F5)2. The reactions of alkyl-substituted isothiocyanates with B(C6F5)3 were found to result in rearrangement reactions to yield stable thiocyanate-B(C6F5)3 adducts. Treatment of isothiocyanates with HB(C6F5)2 leads to 1,2-hydroboration and thus, B,N,C,S heterocycles are formed, which react further under non-inert conditions. Hydrolysis of the hydroboration products leads to a new access to thioformamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Fischer
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
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32
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Repurposing old drugs as new inhibitors of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for cancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 68:105-122. [PMID: 31883910 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in the degradation of cellular proteins. Targeting protein degradation has been validated as an effective strategy for cancer therapy since 2003. Several components of the UPS have been validated as potential anticancer targets, including 20S proteasomes, 19S proteasome-associated deubiquitinases (DUBs) and ubiquitin ligases (E3s). 20S proteasome inhibitors (such as bortezomib/BTZ and carfilzomib/CFZ) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and some other liquid tumors. Although survival of MM patients has been improved by the introduction of BTZ-based therapies, these clinical 20S proteasome inhibitors have several limitations, including emergence of resistance in MM patients, neuro-toxicities, and little efficacy in solid tumors. One of strategies to improve the current status of cancer treatment is to repurpose old drugs with UPS-inhibitory properties as new anticancer agents. Old drug reposition represents an attractive drug discovery approach compared to the traditional de novo drug discovery process which is time-consuming and costly. In this review, we summarize status of repurposed inhibitors of various UPS components, including 20S proteasomes, 19S-associated DUBs, and ubiquitin ligase E3s. The original and new mechanisms of action, molecular targets, and potential anticancer activities of these repurposed UPS inhibitors are reviewed, and their new uses including combinational therapies for cancer treatment are discussed.
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33
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Abe-Kanoh N, Kunisue N, Myojin T, Chino A, Munemasa S, Murata Y, Satoh A, Moriya H, Nakamura Y. Yeast screening system reveals the inhibitory mechanism of cancer cell proliferation by benzyl isothiocyanate through down-regulation of Mis12. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8866. [PMID: 31222108 PMCID: PMC6586897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a naturally-occurring isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables. BITC has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of various cancer cells, which is believed to be important for the inhibition of tumorigenesis. However, the detailed mechanisms of action remain unclear. In this study, we employed a budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism for screening. Twelve genes including MTW1 were identified as the overexpression suppressors for the antiproliferative effect of BITC using the genome-wide multi-copy plasmid collection for S. cerevisiae. Overexpression of the kinetochore protein Mtw1 counteracts the antiproliferative effect of BITC in yeast. The inhibitory effect of BITC on the proliferation of human colon cancer HCT-116 cells was consistently suppressed by the overexpression of Mis12, a human orthologue of Mtw1, and enhanced by the knockdown of Mis12. We also found that BITC increased the phosphorylated and ubiquitinated Mis12 level with consequent reduction of Mis12, suggesting that BITC degrades Mis12 through an ubiquitin-proteasome system. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis showed that the change in the Mis12 level affected the cell cycle distribution and the sensitivity to the BITC-induced apoptosis. These results provide evidence that BITC suppresses cell proliferation through the post-transcriptional regulation of the kinetochore protein Mis12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Abe-Kanoh
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Narumi Kunisue
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takumi Myojin
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ayako Chino
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ayano Satoh
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hisao Moriya
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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34
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Chatwichien J, Prachavna B, Suntivich R, Kumphune S. NSCLC Structure-activity Relationship (SAR) Study of Diisothiocyanates for Antiproliferative Activity on A549 Human Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC). LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178615666181011145219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanate functional group (-N=C=S) is widely accepted as an important moiety for anti- cancer effects of naturally occurring isothiocyanate compounds (ITCs). Herein, a series of diisothiocyanate (diITCs) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in antiproliferative assays on A549 human non-small cell lung cancer and IMR90 human foetal lung cell lines for structure-activity relationship (SAR) and cancer cell selectivity studies. Results showed that aliphatic and benzylic diITCs were more cytotoxic to A549 cells than natural ITCs; benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC), and a currently available anticancer drug; etoposide. Aromatic diITCs were not as active. Notably, most of the diITCs reported in this work were significantly more selective than etoposide to inhibit proliferation of the cancer cells (A549) over the normal cells (IMR90). This study demonstrated a guideline to modify chemical structures of diITCs for anti-NSCLC agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaruwan Chatwichien
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Buntarika Prachavna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Rinrada Suntivich
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Kumphune
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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35
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Mitsiogianni M, Koutsidis G, Mavroudis N, Trafalis DT, Botaitis S, Franco R, Zoumpourlis V, Amery T, Galanis A, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. The Role of Isothiocyanates as Cancer Chemo-Preventive, Chemo-Therapeutic and Anti-Melanoma Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E106. [PMID: 31003534 PMCID: PMC6523696 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown evidence in support of the beneficial effects of phytochemicals in preventing chronic diseases, including cancer. Among such phytochemicals, sulphur-containing compounds (e.g., isothiocyanates (ITCs)) have raised scientific interest by exerting unique chemo-preventive properties against cancer pathogenesis. ITCs are the major biologically active compounds capable of mediating the anticancer effect of cruciferous vegetables. Recently, many studies have shown that a higher intake of cruciferous vegetables is associated with reduced risk of developing various forms of cancers primarily due to a plurality of effects, including (i) metabolic activation and detoxification, (ii) inflammation, (iii) angiogenesis, (iv) metastasis and (v) regulation of the epigenetic machinery. In the context of human malignant melanoma, a number of studies suggest that ITCs can cause cell cycle growth arrest and also induce apoptosis in human malignant melanoma cells. On such basis, ITCs could serve as promising chemo-therapeutic agents that could be used in the clinical setting to potentiate the efficacy of existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Mitsiogianni
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Georgios Koutsidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Nikos Mavroudis
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Dimitrios T Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Sotiris Botaitis
- Second Department of Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Centre, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Vasilis Zoumpourlis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Tom Amery
- The Watrercress Company / The Wasabi Company, Waddock, Dorchester, Dorset DT2 8QY, UK.
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
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Long MJC, Hnedzko D, Kim BK, Aye Y. Breaking the Fourth Wall: Modulating Quaternary Associations for Protein Regulation and Drug Discovery. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1091-1104. [PMID: 30589188 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are an effective means to orchestrate intricate biological processes required to sustain life. Approximately 650 000 PPIs underlie the human interactome; thus underscoring its complexity and the manifold signaling outputs altered in response to changes in specific PPIs. This minireview illustrates the growing arsenal of PPI assemblies and offers insights into how these varied PPI regulatory modalities are relevant to customized drug discovery, with a focus on cancer. First, known and emerging PPIs and PPI-targeted drugs of both natural and synthetic origin are categorized. Building on these discussions, the merits of PPI-guided therapeutics over traditional drug design are discussed. Finally, a compare-and-contrast section for different PPI blockers, with gain-of-function PPI interventions, such as PROTACS, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J C Long
- 47 Pudding Gate, Bishop Burton, Beverley, East Riding of Yorkshire, HU17 8QH, UK
| | - Dziyana Hnedzko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Bo Kyoung Kim
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, SB ISIC LEAGO, Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yimon Aye
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, SB ISIC LEAGO, Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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37
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Janczewski Ł, Gajda A, Gajda T. Direct, Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Isothiocyanates. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Janczewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromski Str.; 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Anna Gajda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromski Str.; 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Tadeusz Gajda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromski Str.; 90-924 Lodz Poland
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38
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Long MJC, Urul DA, Aye Y. REX technologies for profiling and decoding the electrophile signaling axes mediated by Rosetta Stone proteins. Methods Enzymol 2019; 633:203-230. [PMID: 32046846 PMCID: PMC7027669 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is now clear that some cysteines on some proteins are highly tuned to react with electrophiles. Based on numerous studies, it is also established that electrophile sensing underpins rewiring of several critical signaling processes. These electrophile-sensing proteins, or privileged first responders (PFRs), are likely critically relevant for drug design. However, identifying PFRs remains a challenging and unsolved problem, despite the development of several high-throughput methods to ID proteins that react with electrophiles. More importantly, we remain unable to rank how different PFRs identified under different conditions relate to one another, in terms of sensing or signaling capacity. Here we evaluate different methods to assay sensing functions of proteins and discuss these methods in the context of developing a "ranking scheme." Based on theoretical and experimental evidence, we propose that T-REX-the only targeted-electrophile delivery tool presently available-is a reliable method to rank PFRs. Finally, we address to what extent electrophile sensing and downstream signaling are correlated. Based on our current data, we observe that such behaviors are indeed correlated. It is our hope that through this manuscript researchers from various arms of the stress signaling fields will focus on developing a quantitative understanding of precision electrophile labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel A Urul
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Yimon Aye
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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39
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Feng W, Zhang XG. Organophosphine-free copper-catalyzed isothiocyanation of amines with sodium bromodifluoroacetate and sulfur. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1144-1147. [PMID: 30632549 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09190k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed isothiocyanation of amines with sodium bromodifluoroacetate and sulfur in the absence of organophosphine has been established. This approach represents a simple and efficient one-pot synthesis of isothiocyanates, and features excellent functional group tolerance and the use of a cheap, safe and odorless sulfur source. Moreover, this process could directly provide isothiocyanate analogous bioactive molecules, thiocarbonyl-containing pesticides and facile construction of benzoxazole and benzimidazole frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xing-Guo Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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40
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Long MJC, Lawson AP, Baggio R, Qian Y, Rozhansky L, Fasci D, El Oualid F, Weerapana E, Hedstrom L. Diarylcarbonates are a new class of deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:204-211. [PMID: 30528168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Promiscuous inhibitors of tyrosine protein kinases, proteases and phosphatases are useful reagents for probing regulatory pathways and stabilizing lysates as well as starting points for the design of more selective agents. Ubiquitination regulates many critical cellular processes, and promiscuous inhibitors of deubiquitinases (DUBs) would be similarly valuable. The currently available promiscuous DUB inhibitors are highly reactive electrophilic compounds that can crosslink proteins. Herein we introduce diarylcarbonate esters as a novel class of promiscuous DUB inhibitors that do not have the liabilities associated with the previously reported compounds. Diarylcarbonates stabilize the high molecular weight ubiquitin pools in cells and lysates. They also elicit cellular phenotypes associated with DUB inhibition, demonstrating their utility in ubiquitin discovery. Diarylcarbonates may also be a useful scaffold for the development of specific DUB inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J C Long
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Ann P Lawson
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Rick Baggio
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Lior Rozhansky
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Domenico Fasci
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Farid El Oualid
- UbiQ Bio BV, Science Park 408, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Lizbeth Hedstrom
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA; Department of Chemistry(3), Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
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Abstract
The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely complex topic that has been approached from numerous different and multidisciplinary angles. Our Review reflects on five aspects critical for understanding how nature harnesses these noncanonical post-translational modifications to coordinate distinct cellular activities: (1) specific players and their generation, (2) physicochemical properties, (3) mechanisms of action, (4) methods of interrogation, and (5) functional roles in health and disease. Emphasis is primarily placed on the latest progress in the field, but several aspects of classical work likely forgotten/lost are also recollected. For researchers with interests in getting into the field, our Review is anticipated to function as a primer. For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/selectivity and timing in this sophisticated yet fascinating arena at the crossroads of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New
York, New York, 10065, USA
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Patel K, Ahmed ZSO, Huang X, Yang Q, Ekinci E, Neslund-Dudas CM, Mitra B, Elnady FAEM, Ahn YH, Yang H, Liu J, Dou QP. Discovering proteasomal deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitors for cancer therapy: lessons from rational design, nature and old drug reposition. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2087-2108. [PMID: 30066579 PMCID: PMC6123888 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system has been validated as a target of cancer therapies evident by the US FDA approval of anticancer 20S proteasome inhibitors. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), an essential component of the ubiquitin proteasome system, regulate cellular processes through the removal of ubiquitin from ubiquitinated-tagged proteins. The deubiquitination process has been linked with cancer and other pathologies. As such, the study of proteasomal DUBs and their inhibitors has garnered interest as a novel strategy to improve current cancer therapies, especially for cancers resistant to 20S proteasome inhibitors. This article reviews proteasomal DUB inhibitors in the context of: discovery through rational design approach, discovery from searching natural products and discovery from repurposing old drugs, and offers a future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kush Patel
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zainab SO Ahmed
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- School of Life Science & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Protein Modification & Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, PR China
| | - Elmira Ekinci
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Christine M Neslund-Dudas
- Department of Public Health Sciences & Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, One Ford Place, Suite 5C, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Bharati Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Fawzy AEM Elnady
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Young-Hoon Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Huanjie Yang
- School of Life Science & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Protein Modification & Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, PR China
| | - Qing Ping Dou
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Protein Modification & Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, PR China
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Ahmed ZSO, Li X, Li F, Cheaito HA, Patel K, Mosallam ESM, Elbargeesy GAEFH, Dou QP. Computational and biochemical studies of isothiocyanates as inhibitors of proteasomal cysteine deubiquitinases in human cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9006-9016. [PMID: 30015387 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are natural chemoprotective products found abundantly in cruciferous vegetables. However, the cancer-relevant targets and molecular mechanisms of ITCs remain unclear. We hypothesize that ITCs, as electrophiles, can interact with the catalytic triads (CYS, HIS, and ASP) of the proteasomal cysteine deubiquitinases USP14 and UCHL5, ultimately inhibiting their activities. In the current study, we exploited this possibility by performing both computational docking and biochemical validation assays using human breast and prostate cancer cell models. Docking results suggest that benzyl isothiocyanate, phenethyl isothiocyanate, and DL-sulforaphane are more potent inhibitors of UCHL5 than USP14, and these ITCs could interact with the catalytic triads of UCHL5 and USP14. Indeed, ubiquitin vinyl sulfone assay confirmed the inhibitory activity of each ITC on the ubiquitin-binding activity of UCHL5 and USP14. We also found that inhibition of USP-14 and UCHL5 activities by the ITCs caused increased levels of USP14 and UCHL5 proteins, but not the third 19S-deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), POH1/RPN11, suggesting feedback loop activation and further supporting that ITCs are inhibitors of proteasomal cysteine DUBs. Associated with DUB inhibition by ITCs, ubiquitinated proteins were significantly increased, accompanied with induction of apoptosis, inhibition of proliferation and suppression of cell invasion. Our findings of ITCs as proteasomal cysteine DUB inhibitors should provide insightful information for designing, discovering and developing potent, specific 19S-DUB inhibitors for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Sabry Othman Ahmed
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Xin Li
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Biotechnology, Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Li
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hassan Ali Cheaito
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Kush Patel
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | - Q Ping Dou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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44
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Functional Profiling and Crystal Structures of Isothiocyanate Hydrolases Found in Gut-Associated and Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.00478-18. [PMID: 29752272 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00478-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are produced by cruciferous plants to protect them against herbivores and infection by microbes. These compounds are of particular interest due to their antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic properties. The breakdown of ITCs in nature is catalyzed by isothiocyanate hydrolases (ITCases), a novel family within the metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-fold superfamily of proteins. saxA genes that code for ITCases are particularly widespread in insect- and plant-associated bacteria. Enzymatic characterization of seven phylogenetically related but distinct ITCases revealed similar activities on six selected ITCs, suggesting that phylogenetic diversity does not determine the substrate specificity of ITCases. X-ray crystallography studies of two ITCases sharing 42% amino acid sequence identity revealed a highly conserved tertiary structure. Notable features of ITCases include a hydrophobic active site with two Zn2+ ions coordinating water/hydroxide and a flexible cap that is implicated in substrate recognition and covers the active site. This report reveals the function and structure of the previously uncharacterized family of isothiocyanate hydrolases within the otherwise relatively well-studied superfamily of metallo-β-lactamases.IMPORTANCE This study explores a newly discovered protein in the β-lactamase superfamily, namely, SaxA, or isothiocyanate hydrolase. Isothiocyanates are defensive compounds found in many cabbage-related crop plants and are currently being investigated for their antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic properties. We show that isothiocyanate hydrolases are responsible for the breakdown of several of these plant defensive chemicals in vitro and suggest their potential for mitigating the beneficial effects of isothiocyanates in crop protection and cancer prevention.
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45
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Arumugam A, Abdull Razis AF. Apoptosis as a Mechanism of the Cancer Chemopreventive Activity of Glucosinolates: a Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1439-1448. [PMID: 29936713 PMCID: PMC6103590 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.6.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables are a rich source of glucosinolates that have established anti-carcinogenic activity. Naturally-occurring glucosinolates and their derivative isothiocyanates (ITCs), generated as a result of their enzymatic degradation catalysed by myrosinase, have been linked to low cancer incidence in epidemiological studies, and in animal models isothiocyanates suppressed chemically-induced tumorigenesis. The prospective effect of isothiocyanates as anti-carcinogenic agent has been much explored as cytotoxic against wide array of cancer cell lines and being explored for the development of new anticancer drugs. However, the mechanisms of isothiocyanates in inducing apoptosis against tumor cell lines are still largely disregarded. A number of mechanisms are believed to be involved in the glucosinolate-induced suppression of carcinogenesis, including the induction of apoptosis, biotransformation of xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, alteration of caspase activity, angiogenesis, histone deacytylation and cell cycle arrest. The molecular mechanisms through which isothiocyanates stimulate apoptosis in cancer cell lines have not so far been clearly defined. This review summarizes the underlying mechanisms through which isothiocyanates modify the apoptotic pathway leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asvinidevi Arumugam
- Laboratory of UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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46
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Wu YC, Liu X, Wang JL, Chen XL, Lei L, Han J, Jiang YS, Ling ZQ. Soft-shelled turtle peptide modulates microRNA profile in human gastric cancer AGS cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:3109-3120. [PMID: 29435044 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer prevention using natural micronutrition on epigenetic mechanisms primarily revolves around plant extracts. However, the role of macronutrition, including animal peptides, on epigenetic modification in cancer has been elusive. In traditional Chinese medicine, the soft-shelled turtle has a long-history of being a functional food that strengthens immunity through unknown mechanisms. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of soft-shelled turtle peptide on microRNA (miRNA) expression in gastric cancer (GC) cells and to analyze the potential anticancer mechanisms for GC. Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA 3.0 Array and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the miRNA expression profile in human GC AGS cells treated with the soft-shelled turtle peptide. The results demonstrated that 101 miRNAs (49 upregulated miRNAs and 52 downregulated miRNAs) were significantly differentially expressed in the AGS cells following soft-shelled turtle peptide treatment. Several tumor suppressor miRNAs were upregulated markedly, including miRNA-375, let-7d, miRNA-429, miRNA-148a/148b and miRNA-34a. Pathway analysis indicated that soft-shelled turtle peptide may function with anticancer properties through the Hippo signaling pathway and the forkhead box O signaling pathway. Therefore, these results demonstrated that soft-shelled turtle peptide has the capacity to influence cancer-related pathways through the regulation of miRNA expression in GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Wu
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Jiu-Li Wang
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Liu Chen
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Lan Lei
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Jing Han
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - You-Shui Jiang
- Zhejiang Agricultural Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
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47
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Ge J, Hu W, Zhou H, Yu J, Sun C, Chen W. Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L5 inhibits human glioma cell migration and invasion via downregulating SNRPF. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113635-113649. [PMID: 29371935 PMCID: PMC5768352 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase-L5 (UCH-L5/UCH37), a member of the deubiquitinases (DUBs), suppresses protein degeneration via removing ubiquitin from the distal subunit of the polyubiquitin chain. The activity of UCH-L5 is enhanced when UCH-L5 combines with proteasome 19S regulatory subunit by Rpn13/Admr1 receptor and inhibited when UCH-L5 interacts with NFRKB. But the role of UCH-L5 in gliomas remains unknown. In this study, analysis of 19 frozen and 51 paraffin-embedded clinic pathological cases showed that UCH-L5 expression in glioma tissues was lower than normal brain tissues. In vitro, we found that UCH-L5 could inhibit migration and invasion of U87MG and U251 cells. It has been reported that the expression of SNRPN, SNRPF, and CKLF was abnormal in gliomas or other tumors. We also found that SNRPF-siRNA, SNRPN-siRNA and CKLF-siRNA could inhibit migration and invasion of U87MG cells. And knockdown of UCH-L5 expression improved both mRNA expression and protein level of SNRPF. The relationship between UCH-L5 and SNRPF was further confirmed in 293T cells. Our study showed that UCH-L5 could inhibit migration and invasion of glioma cells via down regulating expression of SNRPF. And the above findings suggest that UCH-L5 may inhibit occurrence and metastasis of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Ge
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chongran Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
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48
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Amanullah A, Upadhyay A, Joshi V, Mishra R, Jana NR, Mishra A. Progressing neurobiological strategies against proteostasis failure: Challenges in neurodegeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 159:1-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Platinum pyrithione induces apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells resistant to imatinib via DUB inhibition-dependent caspase activation and Bcr-Abl downregulation. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2913. [PMID: 28682311 PMCID: PMC5550844 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by the chimeric tyrosine kinase Bcr-Abl. T315I Bcr-Abl is the most notorious point mutation to elicit acquired resistance to imatinib (IM), leading to poor prognosis. Therefore, it is urgent to search for additional approaches and targeting strategies to overcome IM resistance. We recently reported that platinum pyrithione (PtPT) potently inhibits the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) via targeting the 26 S proteasome-associated deubiquitinases (DUBs), without effecting on the 20 S proteasome. Here we further report that (i) PtPT induces apoptosis in Bcr-Abl wild-type and Bcr-Abl-T315I mutation cells including the primary mononuclear cells from CML patients clinically resistant to IM, as well as inhibits the growth of IM-resistant Bcr-Abl-T315I xenografts in vivo; (ii) PtPT downregulates Bcr-Abl level through restraining Bcr-Abl transcription, and decreasing Bcr-Abl protein mediated by DUBs inhibition-induced caspase activation; (iii) UPS inhibition is required for PtPT-induced caspase activation and cell apoptosis. These findings support that PtPT overcomes IM resistance through both Bcr-Abl-dependent and -independent mechanisms. We conclude that PtPT can be a lead compound for further drug development to overcome imatinib resistance in CML patients.
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Ma J, Guo W, Li C. Ubiquitination in melanoma pathogenesis and treatment. Cancer Med 2017; 6:1362-1377. [PMID: 28544818 PMCID: PMC5463089 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers with fiercely increasing incidence and mortality. Since the progressive understanding of the mutational landscape and immunologic pathogenic factors in melanoma, the targeted therapy and immunotherapy have been recently established and gained unprecedented improvements for melanoma treatment. However, the prognosis of melanoma patients remains unoptimistic mainly due to the resistance and nonresponse to current available drugs. Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification which plays crucial roles in diverse cellular biological activities and participates in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including melanoma. Through the regulation of multiple tumor promoters and suppressors, ubiquitination is emerging as the key contributor and therefore a potential therapeutic target for melanoma. Herein, we summarize the current understanding of ubiquitination in melanoma, from mechanistic insights to clinical progress, and discuss the prospect of ubiquitination modification in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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