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Tighanimine K. Lipid remodeling in context of cellular senescence. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00213-X. [PMID: 39299535 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a response that irreversibly arrests stressed cells thus providing a potent tumor suppressor mechanism. In parallel, senescent cells exhibit an immunogenic secretome called SASP (senescence-associated secretory phenotype) that impairs tissue homeostasis and is involved in numerous age-related diseases. Senescence establishment is achieved through the unfolding of a profound transcriptional reprogramming together with morphological changes. These alterations are accompanied by important metabolic adaptations characterized by biosynthetic pathways reshuffling and lipid remodeling. In this mini-review we highlight the intricate links between lipid metabolism and the senescence program and we discuss the potential interventions on lipid pathways that can alleviate the senescence burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Tighanimine
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades-INEM, F-75015 Paris, France.
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2
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Takii R, Fujimoto M, Pandey A, Jaiswal K, Shearwin-Whyatt L, Grutzner F, Nakai A. HSF1 is required for cellular adaptation to daily temperature fluctuations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21361. [PMID: 39266731 PMCID: PMC11393418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) is a universal mechanism of cellular adaptation to elevated temperatures and is regulated by heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) or HSF3 in vertebrate endotherms, such as humans, mice, and chickens. We here showed that HSF1 and HSF3 from egg-laying mammals (monotremes), with a low homeothermic capacity, equally possess a potential to maximally induce the HSR, whereas either HSF1 or HSF3 from birds have this potential. Therefore, we focused on cellular adaptation to daily temperature fluctuations and found that HSF1 was required for the proliferation and survival of human cells under daily temperature fluctuations. The ectopic expression of vertebrate HSF1 proteins, but not HSF3 proteins, restored the resistance in HSF1-null cells, regardless of the induction of heat shock proteins. This function was associated with the up-regulation of specific HSF1-target genes. These results indicate the distinct role of HSF1 in adaptation to thermally fluctuating environments and suggest association of homeothermic capacity with functional diversification of vertebrate HSF genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Takii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Fujimoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Akanksha Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kritika Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Linda Shearwin-Whyatt
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Frank Grutzner
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Akira Nakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan.
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3
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Poudel BH, Koks S. The whole transcriptome analysis using FFPE and fresh tissue samples identifies the molecular fingerprint of osteosarcoma. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10161. [PMID: 38966281 PMCID: PMC11222325 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a form of bone cancer that predominantly impacts osteoblasts, the cells responsible for creating fresh bone tissue. Typical indications include bone pain, inflammation, sensitivity, mobility constraints, and fractures. Utilising imaging techniques such as X-rays, MRI scans, and CT scans can provide insights into the size and location of the tumour. Additionally, a biopsy is employed to confirm the diagnosis. Analysing genes with distinct expression patterns unique to osteosarcoma can be valuable for early detection and the development of effective treatment approaches. In this research, we comprehensively examined the entire transcriptome and pinpointed genes with altered expression profiles specific to osteosarcoma. The study mainly aimed to identify the molecular fingerprint of osteosarcoma. In this study, we processed 90 FFPE samples from PathWest with an almost equal number of osteosarcoma and healthy tissues. RNA was extracted from Paraffin-embedded tissue; RNA was sequenced, the sequencing data was analysed, and gene expression was compared to the healthy samples of the same patients. Differentially expressed genes in osteosarcoma-derived samples were identified, and the functions of those genes were explored. This result was combined with our previous studies based on FFPE and fresh samples to perform a meta-analysis. We identified 1,500 identical differentially expressed genes in PathWest osteosarcoma samples compared to normal tissue samples of the same patients. Meta-analysis with combined fresh tissue samples identified 530 differentially expressed genes. IFITM5, MMP13, PANX3, and MAGEA6 were some of the most overexpressed genes in osteosarcoma samples, while SLC4A1, HBA1, HBB, AQP7 genes were some of the top downregulated genes. Through the meta-analysis, 530 differentially expressed genes were identified to be identical among FFPE (105 FFPE samples) and 36 fresh bone samples. Deconvolution analysis with single-cell RNAseq data confirmed the presence of specific cell clusters in FFPE samples. We propose these 530 DEGs as a molecular fingerprint of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bal Hari Poudel
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapy, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Perron Institute of Neurological Diseases, Perth, WA, Australia
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sulev Koks
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapy, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Perron Institute of Neurological Diseases, Perth, WA, Australia
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4
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Lin J, Ran Y, Wu T, Wang Z, Zhao J, Tian Y. A New Method for Constructing Macrophage-Associated Predictors of Treatment Efficacy Based on Single-Cell Sequencing Analysis. J Immunother 2024; 47:33-48. [PMID: 37982646 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are highly infiltrated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of colorectal cancer (CRC) and play a vital role in CRC's development as well as prognosis. The required data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage operator analyses were executed for model construction. TME assessment and immune prediction were performed using the ESTIMATE software package and the single sample genome enrichment analysis algorithm. The results show patients with low a TAMs risk score (TRS) had a better prognosis in both The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus cohorts. Patients with low TRS were more sensitive to 3 chemotherapeutic agents: oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, and cisplatin ( P <0.05). TME assessment showed that the low TRS group had less infiltration of M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells, but CD4 + T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells occupy a greater proportion of TME. Low TRS group patients have a low StromalScore and ImmuneScore but have high TumorPurity. The immune checkpoint TIM-3 gene HAVCR2 expression was significantly higher in the high TRS group. Finally, we created a nomogram including TRS for forecasting survival, and TRS was significantly associated with the clinical stage of the patients. In conclusion, the TRS serves as a reliable prognostic indicator of CRC; it predicts patient outcomes to immunotherapy and chemotherapy and provides genomic evidence for the subsequent development of modulated TAMs for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiu Lin
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Ran
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tengfei Wu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zishan Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinjin Zhao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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5
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Feng C, Li Y, Tai Y, Zhang W, Wang H, Lian S, Jin-Si-Han EEMBK, Liu Y, Li X, Chen Q, He M, Lu Z. A neutrophil extracellular traps-related classification predicts prognosis and response to immunotherapy in colon cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19297. [PMID: 37935721 PMCID: PMC10630512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been categorized as a form of inflammatory cell death mode of neutrophils (NETosis) involved in natural immunity and the regulation of adaptive immunity. More and more studies revealed the ability of NETs to reshape the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) by limiting antitumor effector cells, which may impair the efficacy of immunotherapy. To explore whether NETs-related genes make vital impacts on Colon carcinoma (COAD), we have carried out a systematic analysis and showed several findings in the present work. First, we obtained the patient's data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset, aiming to detect two NETs-associated subtypes by consensus clustering. For the purpose of annotating the roles of NETs-related pathways, gene ontology enrichment analyses were adopted. Next, we constructed a 6 novel NETs-related genes score using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression model. We found that the NETs risk score was notably upregulated in COAD patient samples, and its levels were notably correlated with tumor clinicopathological and immune traits. Then, according to NETs-associated molecular subtypes and the risk signature, this study compared immune cell infiltration calculated through the estimate, CIBERSORT, TIMER, ssGSEA algorithms, tumor immune dysfunction, as well as exclusion (TIDE). Furthermore, we confirm that MPO(myeloperoxidase) was significantly upregulated in COAD patient samples, and its levels were significantly linked to tumor malignancy and clinic outcome. Moreover, multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) spatial analysis confirmed that MPO was closely related to Treg and PD-1 + Treg in spatial location which suggested MPO may paly an important role in TIME formation. Altogether, the obtained results indicated that a six NETs-related genes prognostic signature was conducive to estimating the prognosis and response of chemo-/immuno-therapy of COAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Feng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Tai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-Senen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaopu Lian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - E-Er-Man-Bie-Ke Jin-Si-Han
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410021, Hunan, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- Department of Cardiology General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, No. 359 Youhao North Road, Saybak District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qifeng Chen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Liver Cancer Study and Service Group, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Meng He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhenhai Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Leow BCS, Kok CH, Yeung DT, Hughes TP, White DL, Eadie LN. The acquisition order of leukemic drug resistance mutations is directed by the selective fitness associated with each resistance mechanism. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13110. [PMID: 37567965 PMCID: PMC10421868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, the transition from drug sensitive to drug resistant disease is poorly understood. Here, we used exploratory sequencing of gene transcripts to determine the mechanisms of drug resistance in a dasatinib resistant cell line model. Importantly, cell samples were collected sequentially during drug exposure and dose escalation, revealing several resistance mechanisms which fluctuated over time. BCR::ABL1 overexpression, BCR::ABL1 kinase domain mutation, and overexpression of the small molecule transporter ABCG2, were identified as dasatinib resistance mechanisms. The acquisition of mutations followed an order corresponding with the increase in selective fitness associated with each resistance mechanism. Additionally, it was demonstrated that ABCG2 overexpression confers partial ponatinib resistance. The results of this study have broad applicability and help direct effective therapeutic drug usage and dosing regimens and may be useful for clinicians to select the most efficacious therapy at the most beneficial time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C S Leow
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Chung H Kok
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - David T Yeung
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Australasian Leukaemia & Lymphoma Group, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Timothy P Hughes
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Australasian Leukaemia & Lymphoma Group, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Deborah L White
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Australasian Leukaemia & Lymphoma Group, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia
- Australian & New Zealand Children's Haematology/Oncology Group, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Laura N Eadie
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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Corbet AK, Bikorimana E, Boyd RI, Shokry D, Kries K, Gupta A, Paton A, Sun Z, Fazal Z, Freemantle SJ, Nelson ER, Spinella MJ, Singh R. G0S2 promotes antiestrogenic and pro-migratory responses in ER+ and ER- breast cancer cells. Transl Oncol 2023; 33:101676. [PMID: 37086619 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) is known to inhibit lipolysis by inhibiting adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). In this report, we dissect the role of G0S2 in ER+ versus ER- breast cancer. Overexpression of G0S2 in ER- cells increased cell proliferation, while G0S2 overexpression in ER+ cells decreased cell proliferation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that G0S2 mediated distinct but overlapping transcriptional responses in ER- and ER+ cells. G0S2 reduced genes associated with an epithelial phenotype, especially in ER- cells, including CDH1, ELF3, STEAP4 and TACSTD2, suggesting promotion of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). G0S2 also repressed estrogen signaling and estrogen receptor target gene signatures, especially in ER+ cells, including TFF1 and TFF3. In addition, G0S2 overexpression increased cell migration in ER- cells and increased estrogen deprivation sensitivity in ER+ cells. Interestingly, two genes downstream of ATGL in fat utilization and very important in steroid hormone biosynthesis, HMGCS1 and HMGCS2, were downregulated in G0S2 overexpressing ER+ cells. In addition, HSD17B11, a gene that converts estradiol to its less estrogenic derivative, estrone, was highly upregulated in G0S2 overexpressing ER+ cells, suggesting G0S2 overexpression has a negative effect on estradiol production and maintenance. High expression of G0S2 and HSD17B11 was associated with improved relapse-free survival in breast cancer patients while high expression of HMGSC1 was associated with poor survival. Finally, we deleted G0S2 in breast cancer-prone MMTV-PyMT mice. Our data indicates a complex role for G0S2 in breast cancer, dependent on ER status, that may be partially mediated by suppression of the estrogen signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Corbet
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Emmanuel Bikorimana
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Raya I Boyd
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Doha Shokry
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kelly Kries
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ayush Gupta
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Anneliese Paton
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zhengyang Sun
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zeeshan Fazal
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sarah J Freemantle
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Erik R Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J Spinella
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, USA.
| | - Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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8
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Rider SD, Damewood FJ, Gadgil RY, Hitch DC, Alhawach V, Shrestha R, Shanahan M, Zavada N, Leffak M. Suppressors of Break-Induced Replication in Human Cells. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020398. [PMID: 36833325 PMCID: PMC9956954 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Short tandem DNA repeats are drivers of genome instability. To identify suppressors of break-induced mutagenesis human cells, unbiased genetic screens were conducted using a lentiviral shRNA library. The recipient cells possessed fragile non-B DNA that could induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), integrated at an ectopic chromosomal site adjacent to a thymidine kinase marker gene. Mutagenesis of the thymidine kinase gene rendered cells resistant to the nucleoside analog ganciclovir (GCV). The screen identified genes that have established roles in DNA replication and repair, chromatin modification, responses to ionizing radiation, and genes encoding proteins enriched at replication forks. Novel loci implicated in BIR included olfactory receptors, the G0S2 oncogene/tumor suppressor axis, the EIF3H-METTL3 translational regulator, and the SUDS3 subunit of the Sin3A corepressor. Consistent with a role in suppressing BIR, siRNA knockdown of selected candidates increased the frequency of the GCVr phenotype and increased DNA rearrangements near the ectopic non-B DNA. Inverse PCR and DNA sequence analyses showed that hits identified in the screen increased genome instability. Further analysis quantitated repeat-induced hypermutagenesis at the ectopic site and showed that knockdown of a primary hit, COPS2, induced mutagenic hotspots, remodeled the replication fork, and increased nonallelic chromosome template switches.
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9
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Li G, Peng L, Wu M, Zhao Y, Cheng Z, Li G. Appropriate level of cuproptosis may be involved in alleviating pulmonary fibrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1039510. [PMID: 36601107 PMCID: PMC9806118 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cuproptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death that has not been studied in pulmonary fibrosis. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between cuproptosis and pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) data for human and mouse pulmonary fibrosis were obtained online from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. First, fibroblast lineage was identified and extracted using the Seurat toolkit. The pathway was then evaluated via Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA), while transcription factor activity was analyzed using DoRothEA. Next, fibroblast differentiation trajectory was inferred via Monocle software and changes in gene expression patterns during fibroblast activation were explored through gene dynamics analysis. The trajectory was then divided into three cell states in pseudotime order and the expression level of genes related to cuproptosis promotion in each cell state was evaluated, in addition to genes related to copper export and buffering and key genes in cellular metabolic pathways. Results In the mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin, the genes related to cuproptosis promotion, such as Fdx1, Lias, Dld, Pdha1, Pdhb, Dlat, and Lipt1, were gradually down-regulated in the process of fibroblast differentiation from resting fibroblast to myofibroblast. Consistently, the same results were obtained via analysis of scRNA-seq data for human pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, genes related to copper ion export and buffering gradually increased with the activation of fibroblasts. Metabolism reprogramming was also observed, while fibroblast activation and tricarboxylic acid(TCA) cycle and lipid metabolism were gradually down-regulated and mitochondrial metabolism was gradually up-regulated. Conclusion The present study is the first to reveal a negative correlation between cuproptosis and fibrosis, suggesting that an appropriate cuproptosis level may be involved in inhibiting fibroblast activation. This may provide a new method for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Li
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihua Peng
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingjun Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yipin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Gang Li,
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10
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Zhang C, Correia C, Weiskittel TM, Tan SH, Meng-Lin K, Yu GT, Yao J, Yeo KS, Zhu S, Ung CY, Li H. A Knowledge-Based Discovery Approach Couples Artificial Neural Networks With Weight Engineering to Uncover Immune-Related Processes Underpinning Clinical Traits of Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:920669. [PMID: 35911770 PMCID: PMC9330471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.920669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-related processes are important in underpinning the properties of clinical traits such as prognosis and drug response in cancer. The possibility to extract knowledge learned by artificial neural networks (ANNs) from omics data to explain cancer clinical traits is a very attractive subject for novel discovery. Recent studies using a version of ANNs called autoencoders revealed their capability to store biologically meaningful information indicating that autoencoders can be utilized as knowledge discovery platforms aside from their initial assigned use for dimensionality reduction. Here, we devise an innovative weight engineering approach and ANN platform called artificial neural network encoder (ANNE) using an autoencoder and apply it to a breast cancer dataset to extract knowledge learned by the autoencoder model that explains clinical traits. Intriguingly, the extracted biological knowledge in the form of gene-gene associations from ANNE shows immune-related components such as chemokines, carbonic anhydrase, and iron metabolism that modulate immune-related processes and the tumor microenvironment play important roles in underpinning breast cancer clinical traits. Our work shows that biological "knowledge" learned by an ANN model is indeed encoded as weights throughout its neuronal connections, and it is possible to extract learned knowledge via a novel weight engineering approach to uncover important biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Cristina Correia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Taylor M. Weiskittel
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Shyang Hong Tan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kevin Meng-Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Grace T. Yu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jingwen Yao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kok Siong Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Shizhen Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Choong Yong Ung
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
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11
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Zhang R, Meng J, Yang S, Liu W, Shi L, Zeng J, Chang J, Liang B, Liu N, Xing D. Recent Advances on the Role of ATGL in Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:944025. [PMID: 35912266 PMCID: PMC9326118 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.944025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic state of the tumor microenvironment leads to reprogramming lipid metabolism in tumor cells. Adipose triglyceride lipase, also known as patatin-like phospholipase= domain-containing protein 2 and Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), as an essential lipid metabolism-regulating enzyme in cells, is regulated accordingly under hypoxia induction. However, studies revealed that ATGL exhibits both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing effects, which depend on the cancer cell type and the site of tumorigenesis. For example, elevated ATGL expression in breast cancer is accompanied by enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO), enhancing cancer cells’ metastatic ability. In prostate cancer, on the other hand, tumor activity tends to be negatively correlated with ATGL expression. This review outlined the regulation of ATGL-mediated lipid metabolism pathways in tumor cells, emphasizing the Hypoxia-inducible factors 1 (HIF-1)/Hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated (HIG-2)/ATGL axis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)/G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2)/ATGL axis, and fat-specific protein 27 (FSP-27)/Early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1)/ATGL axis. In the light of recent research on different cancer types, the role of ATGL on tumorigenesis, tumor proliferation, and tumor metastasis was systemically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renshuai Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingsen Meng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanbo Yang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingyu Shi
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Liu, ; Dongming Xing,
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Liu, ; Dongming Xing,
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12
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Elevated ATGL in colon cancer cells and cancer stem cells promotes metabolic and tumorigenic reprogramming reinforced by obesity. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:82. [PMID: 34845203 PMCID: PMC8630180 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic associated with increased risk and progression of colon cancer. Here, we aimed to determine the role of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), responsible for intracellular lipid droplet (LD) utilization, in obesity-driven colonic tumorigenesis. In local colon cancer patients, significantly increased ATGL levels in tumor tissue, compared to controls, were augmented in obese individuals. Elevated ATGL levels in human colon cancer cells (CCC) relative to non-transformed were augmented by an obesity mediator, oleic acid (OA). In CCC and colonospheres, enriched in colon cancer stem cells (CCSC), inhibition of ATGL prevented LDs utilization and inhibited OA-stimulated growth through retinoblastoma-mediated cell cycle arrest. Further, transcriptomic analysis of CCC, with inhibited ATGL, revealed targeted pathways driving tumorigenesis, and high-fat-diet obesity facilitated tumorigenic pathways. Inhibition of ATGL in colonospheres revealed targeted pathways in human colonic tumor crypt base cells (enriched in CCSC) derived from colon cancer patients. In CCC and colonospheres, we validated selected transcripts targeted by ATGL inhibition, some with emerging roles in colonic tumorigeneses (ATG2B, PCK2, PGAM1, SPTLC2, IGFBP1, and ABCC3) and others with established roles (MYC and MUC2). These findings demonstrate obesity-promoted, ATGL-mediated colonic tumorigenesis and establish the therapeutic significance of ATGL in obesity-reinforced colon cancer progression.
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13
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Use of a short-term nutritional supplementation for transcriptional profiling of liver tissues in sheep. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Motwani J, Rodger EJ, Stockwell PA, Baguley BC, Macaulay EC, Eccles MR. Genome-wide DNA methylation and RNA expression differences correlate with invasiveness in melanoma cell lines. Epigenomics 2021; 13:577-598. [PMID: 33781093 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims & objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of DNA methylation in invasiveness in melanoma cells. Materials & methods: The authors carried out genome-wide transcriptome (RNA sequencing) and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing methylome profiling between noninvasive (n = 4) and invasive melanoma cell lines (n = 5). Results: The integration of differentially expressed genes and differentially methylated fragments (DMFs) identified 12 DMFs (two in AVPI1, one in HMG20B, two in BCL3, one in NTSR1, one in SYNJ2, one in ROBO2 and four in HORMAD2) that overlapped with either differentially expressed genes (eight DMFs and six genes) or cis-targets of lncRNAs (five DMFs associated with cis-targets and four differentially expressed lncRNAs). Conclusions: DNA methylation changes are associated with a number of transcriptional differences observed in noninvasive and invasive phenotypes in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Motwani
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School - Dunedin Campus, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Euan J Rodger
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School - Dunedin Campus, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Peter A Stockwell
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School - Dunedin Campus, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Bruce C Baguley
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Erin C Macaulay
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School - Dunedin Campus, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michael R Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School - Dunedin Campus, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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15
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Sarmadi VH, Ahmadloo S, Boroojerdi MH, John CM, Al-Graitte SJR, Lawal H, Maqbool M, Hwa LK, Ramasamy R. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells-mediated Transcriptomic Regulation of Leukemic Cells in Delivering Anti-tumorigenic Effects. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689719885077. [PMID: 32024378 PMCID: PMC7444238 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719885077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of leukemia has become much difficult because of resistance to the
existing anticancer therapies. This has thus expedited the search for alternativ
therapies, and one of these is the exploitation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
towards control of tumor cells. The present study investigated the effect of
human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) on the proliferation of leukemic
cells and gauged the transcriptomic modulation and the signaling pathways
potentially affected by UC-MSCs. The inhibition of growth of leukemic tumor cell
lines was assessed by proliferation assays, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis.
BV173 and HL-60 cells were further analyzed using microarray gene expression
profiling. The microarray results were validated by RT-qPCR and western blot
assay for the corresponding expression of genes and proteins. The UC-MSCs
attenuated leukemic cell viability and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner
without inducing apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the growth of
tumor cells was arrested at the G0/G1 phase. The
microarray results identified that HL-60 and BV173 share 35 differentially
expressed genes (DEGs) (same expression direction) in the presence of UC-MSCs.
In silico analysis of these selected DEGs indicated a
significant influence in the cell cycle and cell cycle-related biological
processes and signaling pathways. Among these, the expression of DBF4, MDM2,
CCNE2, CDK6, CDKN1A, and CDKN2A was implicated in six different signaling
pathways that play a pivotal role in the anti-tumorigenic activity exerted by
UC-MSCs. The UC-MSCs perturbate the cell cycle process of leukemic cells via
dysregulation of tumor suppressor and oncogene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Hosseinpour Sarmadi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stem Cell & Immunity Research Group, Immunology Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Salma Ahmadloo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Genetics Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohadese Hashem Boroojerdi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stem Cell & Immunity Research Group, Immunology Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Cini Mathew John
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Satar Jabbar Rahi Al-Graitte
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stem Cell & Immunity Research Group, Immunology Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala City, Iraq
| | - Hamza Lawal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stem Cell & Immunity Research Group, Immunology Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Bauchi State University, Gadau, Itas-Gadau LGA, Bauchi State 751105 Nigeria
| | - Maryam Maqbool
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stem Cell & Immunity Research Group, Immunology Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ling King Hwa
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rajesh Ramasamy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stem Cell & Immunity Research Group, Immunology Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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16
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Nagarajan SR, Butler LM, Hoy AJ. The diversity and breadth of cancer cell fatty acid metabolism. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:2. [PMID: 33413672 PMCID: PMC7791669 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-020-00237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cellular metabolism exhibits distinguishing features that collectively enhance biomass synthesis while maintaining redox balance and cellular homeostasis. These attributes reflect the complex interactions between cell-intrinsic factors such as genomic-transcriptomic regulation and cell-extrinsic influences, including growth factor and nutrient availability. Alongside glucose and amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism supports tumorigenesis and disease progression through a range of processes including membrane biosynthesis, energy storage and production, and generation of signaling intermediates. Here, we highlight the complexity of cellular fatty acid metabolism in cancer, the various inputs and outputs of the intracellular free fatty acid pool, and the numerous ways that these pathways influence disease behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa R Nagarajan
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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17
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Wang S, Wang W, Li X, Zhao X, Wang Y, Zhang H, Xu S. Cooperative application of transcriptomics and ceRNA hypothesis: LncRNA-107052630/miR-205a/G0S2 crosstalk is involved in ammonia-induced intestinal apoptotic injury in chicken. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122605. [PMID: 32334290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3), as a harmful gas from agricultural production, plays an important role in air pollution, such as haze. Although numerous researchers have paid attention to health damage through NH3 inhalation, the exhaustive mechanism of NH3 induced intestinal toxicity remains unclear. A genes crosstalk named competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) can explain many regulatory manners from the molecular perspective. However, few studies have attempted to interpret the injury mechanism of air pollutants to the organism via ceRNA theory. Here, we thoroughly investigated the lncRNA-associated-ceRNA mechanism in jejunum samples from a 42-days-old NH3-exposed chicken model through deep RNA sequencing. We observed the occurrence of apoptosis in jejunum, obtained 46 significantly dysregulated lncRNAs and 30 dysregulated miRNAs, and then constructed lncRNA-associated-ceRNA networks in jejunum. Importantly, a network regulating G0S2 in NH3-induced apoptosis was discovered. Research results showed that G0S2 was upregulated in jejunum of NH3-exposed group and was associated with activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. G0S2 antagonized the anti-apoptotic effect of Bcl2, which could be reversed by miR-205a. Meanwhile, lncRNA-107052630 acted as ceRNA to affect G0S2 function. These data provide new insight for revealing the biological effect of NH3 toxicity, as well as the environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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18
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Xie H, Heier C, Kien B, Vesely PW, Tang Z, Sexl V, Schoiswohl G, Strießnig-Bina I, Hoefler G, Zechner R, Schweiger M. Adipose triglyceride lipase activity regulates cancer cell proliferation via AMP-kinase and mTOR signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158737. [PMID: 32404277 PMCID: PMC7397471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant fatty acid (FA) metabolism is a hallmark of proliferating cells, including untransformed fibroblasts or cancer cells. Lipolysis of intracellular triglyceride (TG) stores by adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) provides an important source of FAs serving as energy substrates, signaling molecules, and precursors for membrane lipids. To investigate if ATGL-mediated lipolysis impacts cell proliferation, we modified ATGL activity in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and in five different cancer cell lines to determine the consequences on cell growth and metabolism. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of ATGL in MEFs causes impaired FA oxidation, decreased ROS production, and a substrate switch from FA to glucose leading to decreased AMPK-mTOR signaling and higher cell proliferation rates. ATGL expression in these cancer cells is low when compared to MEFs. Additional ATGL knockdown in cancer cells did not significantly affect cellular lipid metabolism or cell proliferation whereas the ectopic overexpression of ATGL increased lipolysis and reduced proliferation. In contrast to ATGL silencing, pharmacological inhibition of ATGL by Atglistatin© impeded the proliferation of diverse cancer cell lines, which points at an ATGL-independent effect. Our data indicate a crucial role of ATGL-mediated lipolysis in the regulation of cell proliferation. The observed low ATGL activity in cancer cells may represent an evolutionary selection process and mechanism to sustain high cell proliferation rates. As the increasing ATGL activity decelerates proliferation of five different cancer cell lines this may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to counteract uncontrolled cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xie
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Christoph Heier
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Benedikt Kien
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Paul W Vesely
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | | | | | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria.
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19
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Attané C, Milhas D, Hoy AJ, Muller C. Metabolic Remodeling Induced by Adipocytes: A New Achilles' Heel in Invasive Breast Cancer? Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3984-4001. [PMID: 29708068 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180426165001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming represents an important hallmark of cancer cells. Besides de novo fatty acid synthesis, it is now clear that cancer cells can acquire Fatty Acids (FA) from tumor-surrounding adipocytes to increase their invasive capacities. Indeed, adipocytes release FA in response to tumor secreted factors that are transferred to tumor cells to be either stored as triglycerides and other complex lipids or oxidized in mitochondria. Like all cells, FA can be released over time from triglyceride stores through lipolysis and then oxidized in mitochondria in cancer cells. This metabolic interaction results in specific metabolic remodeling in cancer cells, and underpins adipocyte stimulated tumor progression. Lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation therefore represent novel targets of interest in the treatment of cancer. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the metabolic reprogramming induced by adipocytes, with a focus on breast cancer. Then, we recapitulate recent reports studying the effect of lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation inhibitors on tumor cells and discuss the interest to target these metabolic pathways as new therapeutic approaches for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Attané
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Delphine Milhas
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Muller
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
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20
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Gadaleta E, Fourgoux P, Pirró S, Thorn GJ, Nelan R, Ironside A, Rajeeve V, Cutillas PR, Lobley AE, Wang J, Gea E, Ross-Adams H, Bessant C, Lemoine NR, Jones LJ, Chelala C. Characterization of four subtypes in morphologically normal tissue excised proximal and distal to breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2020; 6:38. [PMID: 32885042 PMCID: PMC7442642 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-020-00182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread mammographic screening programs and improved self-monitoring allow for breast cancer to be detected earlier than ever before. Breast-conserving surgery is a successful treatment for select women. However, up to 40% of women develop local recurrence after surgery despite apparently tumor-free margins. This suggests that morphologically normal breast may harbor early alterations that contribute to increased risk of cancer recurrence. We conducted a comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic analysis to characterize 57 fresh-frozen tissues from breast cancers and matched histologically normal tissues resected proximal to (<2 cm) and distant from (5-10 cm) the primary tumor, using tissues from cosmetic reduction mammoplasties as baseline. Four distinct transcriptomic subtypes are identified within matched normal tissues: metabolic; immune; matrisome/epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and non-coding enriched. Key components of the subtypes are supported by proteomic and tissue composition analyses. We find that the metabolic subtype is associated with poor prognosis (p < 0.001, HR6.1). Examination of genes representing the metabolic signature identifies several genes able to prognosticate outcome from histologically normal tissues. A subset of these have been reported for their predictive ability in cancer but, to the best of our knowledge, these have not been reported altered in matched normal tissues. This study takes an important first step toward characterizing matched normal tissues resected at pre-defined margins from the primary tumor. Unlocking the predictive potential of unexcised tissue could prove key to driving the realization of personalized medicine for breast cancer patients, allowing for more biologically-driven analyses of tissue margins than morphology alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Gadaleta
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Pauline Fourgoux
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
- Centre for Computational Biology, Life Sciences Initiative, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Stefano Pirró
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Graeme J. Thorn
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Rachel Nelan
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Alastair Ironside
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Vinothini Rajeeve
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Pedro R. Cutillas
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Anna E. Lobley
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Esteban Gea
- Centre for Computational Biology, Life Sciences Initiative, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Helen Ross-Adams
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Conrad Bessant
- Centre for Computational Biology, Life Sciences Initiative, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Nicholas R. Lemoine
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Louise J. Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Claude Chelala
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
- Centre for Computational Biology, Life Sciences Initiative, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
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21
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Yu L, Li Y, Grisé A, Wang H. CGI-58: Versatile Regulator of Intracellular Lipid Droplet Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1276:197-222. [PMID: 32705602 PMCID: PMC8063591 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6082-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58), also known as α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 5 (ABHD5), is a member of a large family of proteins containing an α/β-hydrolase-fold. CGI-58 is well-known as the co-activator of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), which is a key enzyme initiating cytosolic lipid droplet lipolysis. Mutations in either the human CGI-58 or ATGL gene cause an autosomal recessive neutral lipid storage disease, characterized by the excessive accumulation of triglyceride (TAG)-rich lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of almost all cell types. CGI-58, however, has ATGL-independent functions. Distinct phenotypes associated with CGI-58 deficiency commonly include ichthyosis (scaly dry skin), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and hepatic fibrosis. Through regulated interactions with multiple protein families, CGI-58 controls many metabolic and signaling pathways, such as lipid and glucose metabolism, energy balance, insulin signaling, inflammatory responses, and thermogenesis. Recent studies have shown that CGI-58 regulates the pathogenesis of common metabolic diseases in a tissue-specific manner. Future studies are needed to molecularly define ATGL-independent functions of CGI-58, including the newly identified serine protease activity of CGI-58. Elucidation of these versatile functions of CGI-58 may uncover fundamental cellular processes governing lipid and energy homeostasis, which may help develop novel approaches that counter against obesity and its associated metabolic sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Yi Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison Grisé
- College of Computer, Math, and Natural Sciences, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Huan Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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Di Giorgio E, Paluvai H, Picco R, Brancolini C. Genetic Programs Driving Oncogenic Transformation: Lessons from in Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246283. [PMID: 31842516 PMCID: PMC6940909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer complexity relies on the intracellular pleiotropy of oncogenes/tumor suppressors and in the strong interplay between tumors and micro- and macro-environments. Here we followed a reductionist approach, by analyzing the transcriptional adaptations induced by three oncogenes (RAS, MYC, and HDAC4) in an isogenic transformation process. Common pathways, in place of common genes became dysregulated. From our analysis it emerges that, during the process of transformation, tumor cells cultured in vitro prime some signaling pathways suitable for coping with the blood supply restriction, metabolic adaptations, infiltration of immune cells, and for acquiring the morphological plasticity needed during the metastatic phase. Finally, we identified two signatures of genes commonly regulated by the three oncogenes that successfully predict the outcome of patients affected by different cancer types. These results emphasize that, in spite of the heterogeneous mutational burden among different cancers and even within the same tumor, some common hubs do exist. Their location, at the intersection of the various signaling pathways, makes a therapeutic approach exploitable.
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23
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Cho E, Kwon YJ, Ye DJ, Baek HS, Kwon TU, Choi HK, Chun YJ. G0/G1 Switch 2 Induces Cell Survival and Metastasis through Integrin-Mediated Signal Transduction in Human Invasive Breast Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:591-602. [PMID: 31272137 PMCID: PMC6824625 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, is highly invasive and aggressive, compared to less invasive cell line, MCF-7. To explore the genes that might influence the malignancy of MDA-MB-231, DNA microarray analysis was performed. The results showed that G0/G1 switch 2 (G0S2) was one of the most highly expressed genes among the genes upregulated in MDA-MB-231. Although G0S2 acts as a direct inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase, action of G0S2 in cancer progression is not yet understood. To investigate whether G0S2 affects invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells, G0S2 expression was inhibited using siRNA, which led to decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Consequently, G0S2 inhibition inactivated integrinregulated FAK-Src signaling, which promoted Hippo signaling and inactivated ERK1/2 signaling. In addition, G0S2 downregulation decreased β-catenin expression, while E-cadherin expression was increased. It was demonstrated for the first time that G0S2 mediates the Hippo pathway and induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Taken together, our results suggest that G0S2 is a major factor contributing to cell survival and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunah Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Ye
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Seok Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Uk Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Republic of Korea
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24
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Lipolytic inhibitor G0S2 modulates glioma stem-like cell radiation response. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:147. [PMID: 30953555 PMCID: PMC6451284 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation (IR) therapy is the standard first-line treatment for newly diagnosed patients with glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and malignant primary brain tumor. However, the effects of IR are limited due to the aberrant radioresistance of GBM. METHODS Transcriptome analysis was performed using RNA-seq in radioresistant patient-derived glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). Survival of glioma patient and mice bearing-brain tumors was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Lipid droplet and γ-H2AX foci-positive cells were evaluated using immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Lipolytic inhibitor G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) is upregulated in radioresistant GSCs and elevated in clinical GBM. GBM patients with high G0S2 expression had significantly shorter overall survival compared with those with low expression of G0S2. Using genetic approaches targeting G0S2 in glioma cells and GSCs, we found that knockdown of G0S2 promoted lipid droplet turnover, inhibited GSC radioresistance, and extended survival of xenograft tumor mice with or without IR. In contrast, overexpression of G0S2 promoted glioma cell radiation resistance. Mechanistically, high expression of G0S2 reduced lipid droplet turnover and thereby attenuated E3 ligase RNF168-mediated 53BP1 ubiquitination through activated the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K) signaling and increased 53BP1 protein stability in response to IR, leading to enhanced DNA repair and glioma radioresistance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings uncover a new function for lipolytic inhibitor G0S2 as an important regulator for GSC radioresistance, suggesting G0S2 as a potential therapeutic target for treating gliomas.
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25
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Mohan DR, Lerario AM, Else T, Mukherjee B, Almeida MQ, Vinco M, Rege J, Mariani BMP, Zerbini MCN, Mendonca BB, Latronico AC, Marie SKN, Rainey WE, Giordano TJ, Fragoso MCBV, Hammer GD. Targeted Assessment of G0S2 Methylation Identifies a Rapidly Recurrent, Routinely Fatal Molecular Subtype of Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3276-3288. [PMID: 30770352 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with few therapies; however, patients with locoregional disease have variable outcomes. The Cancer Genome Atlas project on ACC (ACC-TCGA) identified that cancers of patients with homogeneously rapidly recurrent or fatal disease bear a unique CpG island hypermethylation phenotype, "CIMP-high." We sought to identify a biomarker that faithfully captures this subgroup.Experimental Design: We analyzed ACC-TCGA data to characterize differentially regulated biological processes, and identify a biomarker that is methylated and silenced exclusively in CIMP-high ACC. In an independent cohort of 114 adrenocortical tumors (80 treatment-naive primary ACC, 22 adrenocortical adenomas, and 12 non-naive/nonprimary ACC), we evaluated biomarker methylation by a restriction digest/qPCR-based approach, validated by targeted bisulfite sequencing. We evaluated expression of this biomarker and additional prognostic markers by qPCR. RESULTS We show that CIMP-high ACC is characterized by upregulation of cell cycle and DNA damage response programs, and identify that hypermethylation and silencing of G0S2 distinguishes this subgroup. We confirmed G0S2 hypermethylation and silencing is exclusive to 40% of ACC, and independently predicts shorter disease-free and overall survival (median 14 and 17 months, respectively). Finally, G0S2 methylation combined with validated molecular markers (BUB1B-PINK1) stratifies ACC into three groups, with uniformly favorable, intermediate, and uniformly dismal outcomes. CONCLUSIONS G0S2 hypermethylation is a hallmark of rapidly recurrent or fatal ACC, amenable to targeted assessment using routine molecular diagnostics. Assessing G0S2 methylation is straightforward, feasible for clinical decision-making, and will enable the direction of efficacious adjuvant therapies for patients with aggressive ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika R Mohan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Antonio Marcondes Lerario
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tobias Else
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Madson Q Almeida
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo - ICESP, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelle Vinco
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Juilee Rege
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Beatriz M P Mariani
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Claudia N Zerbini
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Berenice B Mendonca
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Latronico
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely K N Marie
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Celular/LIM15, Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - William E Rainey
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thomas J Giordano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maria Candida B V Fragoso
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo - ICESP, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gary D Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Of mice and men: The physiological role of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:880-899. [PMID: 30367950 PMCID: PMC6439276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) has been discovered 14 years ago and revised our view on intracellular triglyceride (TG) mobilization – a process termed lipolysis. ATGL initiates the hydrolysis of TGs to release fatty acids (FAs) that are crucial energy substrates, precursors for the synthesis of membrane lipids, and ligands of nuclear receptors. Thus, ATGL is a key enzyme in whole-body energy homeostasis. In this review, we give an update on how ATGL is regulated on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level and how this affects the enzymes' activity in the context of neutral lipid catabolism. In depth, we highlight and discuss the numerous physiological functions of ATGL in lipid and energy metabolism. Over more than a decade, different genetic mouse models lacking or overexpressing ATGL in a cell- or tissue-specific manner have been generated and characterized. Moreover, pharmacological studies became available due to the development of a specific murine ATGL inhibitor (Atglistatin®). The identification of patients with mutations in the human gene encoding ATGL and their disease spectrum has underpinned the importance of ATGL in humans. Together, mouse models and human data have advanced our understanding of the physiological role of ATGL in lipid and energy metabolism in adipose and non-adipose tissues, and of the pathophysiological consequences of ATGL dysfunction in mice and men. Summary of mouse models with genetic or pharmacological manipulation of ATGL. Summary of patients with mutations in the human gene encoding ATGL. In depth discussion of the role of ATGL in numerous physiological processes in mice and men.
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27
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Hints on ATGL implications in cancer: beyond bioenergetic clues. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:316. [PMID: 29472527 PMCID: PMC5833653 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among metabolic rearrangements occurring in cancer cells, lipid metabolism alteration has become a hallmark, aimed at sustaining accelerated proliferation. In particular, fatty acids (FAs) are dramatically required by cancer cells as signalling molecules and membrane building blocks, beyond bioenergetics. Along with de novo biosynthesis, free FAs derive from dietary sources or from intracellular lipid droplets, which represent the storage of triacylglycerols (TAGs). Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is the rate-limiting enzyme of lipolysis, catalysing the first step of intracellular TAGs hydrolysis in several tissues. However, the roles of ATGL in cancer are still neglected though a putative tumour suppressor function of ATGL has been envisaged, as its expression is frequently reduced in different human cancers (e.g., lung, muscle, and pancreas). In this review, we will introduce lipid metabolism focusing on ATGL functions and regulation in normal cell physiology providing also speculative perspectives on potential non-energetic functions of ATGL in cancer. In particular, we will discuss how ATGL is implicated, mainly through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) signalling, in inflammation, redox homoeostasis and autophagy, which are well-known processes deregulated during cancer formation and/or progression.
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28
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Das Gupta S, Patel M, Wahler J, Bak MJ, Wall B, Lee MJ, Lin Y, Shih WJ, Cai L, Yang CS, Suh N. Differential Gene Regulation and Tumor-Inhibitory Activities of Alpha-, Delta-, and Gamma-Tocopherols in Estrogen-Mediated Mammary Carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:694-703. [PMID: 28972008 PMCID: PMC5826717 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite experimental evidence elucidating the antitumor activities of tocopherols, clinical trials with α-tocopherol (α-T) have failed to demonstrate its beneficial effects in cancer prevention. This study compared the chemopreventive efficacy of individual tocopherols (α-, δ-, and γ-T) and a γ-T-rich tocopherol mixture (γ-TmT) in the August-Copenhagen Irish (ACI) rat model of estrogen-mediated mammary cancer. Female ACI rats receiving 17β-estradiol (E2) implants were administered with 0.2% α-T, δ-T, γ-T, or γ-TmT for 30 weeks. Although α-T had no significant effects on mammary tumor growth in ACI rats, δ-T, γ-T, and γ-TmT reduced mammary tumor volume by 51% (P < 0.05), 60% (P < 0.01), and 59% (P < 0.01), respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that δ-T, γ-T, and γ-TmT reduced levels of the cell proliferation marker, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, in the rat mammary tumors. To gain further insight into the biological functions of different forms of tocopherols, RNA-seq analysis of the tumors was performed. Treatment with γ-T induced robust gene expression changes in the mammary tumors of ACI rats. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified "Cancer" as a top disease pathway and "Tumor growth" and "Metastasis" as the top signaling pathways modulated by γ-T. Although the results need further functional validation, this study presents an unbiased attempt to understand the differences between biological activities of individual forms of tocopherols at the whole transcriptome level. In conclusion, δ-T and γ-T have superior cancer preventive properties compared to α-T in the prevention of estrogen-mediated mammary carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res; 10(12); 694-703. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyasri Das Gupta
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Misaal Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Joseph Wahler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Min Ji Bak
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Brian Wall
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Mao-Jung Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Weichung Joe Shih
- Department of Biostatistics, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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29
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Nobeyama Y, Watanabe Y, Nakagawa H. Silencing of G0/G1 switch gene 2 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187047. [PMID: 29073263 PMCID: PMC5658152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methylation of a CpG island (CGI; a dense cluster of CpGs) located in the 5' region of a gene suppresses that gene's transcription. The expression of G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) is potentially associated with tumorigenesis. The aim of this study is to elucidate the methylation status of the CGI located in the 5' region of G0S2 (hereinafter called 5' G0S2 CGI) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods Quantitative real-time methylation-specific PCR (RT-MSP) and bisulfite sequencing were performed to evaluate the methylation statuses of cutaneous SCC and normal epithelial cell samples. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR was performed to evaluate RNA expression levels. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect protein expression. Results G0S2 was suppressed in the five SCC cell lines with 5' G0S2 CGI methylation levels of nearly 100.0% and was expressed in the two normal cultured keratinocytes with methylation levels of almost 0.0%. G0S2 was re-expressed in SCC cell lines treated with a demethylating agent. The in vivo methylation levels of 5' G0S2 CGI as determined by RT-MSP varied widely (0.0% to 77.7%) in 17 cutaneous SCC samples and narrowly (0.1% to 7.3%) in 6 normal epidermis samples. Nine cutaneous SCC samples exhibited higher methylation levels than the highest methylation level (7.3%) of the 6 normal epidermis samples. Bisulfite sequencing showed dense methylated CpG sites within 5' G0S2 CGI in these highly methylated cutaneous SCC samples. The methylation levels of the cutaneous SCC samples did not correlate with any clinical parameters investigated or with histopathological grading. Conclusions G0S2 is silenced by aberrant DNA methylation in a subset of cutaneous SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Nobeyama
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshinori Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Yim CY, Bikorimana E, Khan E, Warzecha JM, Shin L, Rodriguez J, Dmitrovsky E, Freemantle SJ, Spinella MJ. G0S2 represses PI3K/mTOR signaling and increases sensitivity to PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitors in breast cancer. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2146-2155. [PMID: 28910567 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1371884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) is a direct retinoic acid target implicated in cancer biology and therapy based on frequent methylation-mediated silencing in diverse solid tumors. We recently reported that low G0S2 expression in breast cancer, particularly estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, correlates with increased rates of recurrence, indicating that G0S2 plays a role in breast cancer progression. However, the function(s) and mechanism(s) of G0S2 tumor suppression remain unclear. In order to determine potential mechanisms of G0S2 anti-oncogenic activity, we performed genome-wide expression analysis that revealed an enrichment of gene signatures related to PI3K/mTOR pathway activation in G0S2 null cells as compared to G0S2 wild-type cells. G0S2 null cells also exhibited a dramatic decreased sensitivity to PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitors. Conversely, restoring G0S2 expression in human ER+ breast cancer cells decreased basal mTOR signaling and sensitized the cells to pharmacologic mTOR pathway inhibitors. Notably, we provide evidence here that the increase in recurrence seen with low G0S2 expression is especially prominent in patients who have undergone antiestrogen therapy. Further, ER+ breast cancer cells with restored G0S2 expression had a relative increased sensitivity to tamoxifen. These findings reveal that in breast cancer G0S2 functions as a tumor suppressor in part by repressing PI3K/mTOR activity, and that G0S2 enhances therapeutic responses to PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. Recent studies implicate hyperactivation of PI3K/mTOR signaling as promoting resistance to antiestrogen therapies in ER+ breast cancer. Our data establishes G0S2 as opposing this form of antiestrogen resistance. This promotes further investigation of the role of G0S2 as an antineoplastic breast cancer target and a biomarker for recurrence and therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Y Yim
- a Department of Comparative Biosciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Emmanuel Bikorimana
- a Department of Comparative Biosciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Ema Khan
- a Department of Comparative Biosciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Joshua M Warzecha
- a Department of Comparative Biosciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Leah Shin
- a Department of Comparative Biosciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Jennifer Rodriguez
- a Department of Comparative Biosciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Ethan Dmitrovsky
- b Departments of Cancer Biology and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.,c Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Sarah J Freemantle
- a Department of Comparative Biosciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Michael J Spinella
- a Department of Comparative Biosciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
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31
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Zhang X, Heckmann BL, Campbell LE, Liu J. G0S2: A small giant controller of lipolysis and adipose-liver fatty acid flux. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017. [PMID: 28645852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and its coactivator comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) provided a major paradigm shift in the understanding of intracellular lipolysis in both adipocytes and nonadipocyte cells. The subsequent discovery of G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) as a potent endogenous inhibitor of ATGL revealed a unique mechanism governing lipolysis and fatty acid (FA) availability. G0S2 is highly conserved in vertebrates, and exhibits cyclical expression pattern between adipose tissue and liver that is critical to lipid flux and energy homeostasis in these two tissues. Biochemical and cell biological studies have demonstrated that a direct interaction with ATGL mediates G0S2's inhibitory effects on lipolysis and lipid droplet degradation. In this review we examine evidence obtained from recent in vitro and in vivo studies that lends support to the proof-of-principle concept that G0S2 functions as a master regulator of tissue-specific balance of TG storage vs. mobilization, partitioning of metabolic fuels between adipose and liver, and the whole-body adaptive energy response. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent Advances in Lipid Droplet Biology edited by Rosalind Coleman and Matthijs Hesselink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, United States; HEAL(th) Program, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Bradlee L Heckmann
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Latoya E Campbell
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, United States; HEAL(th) Program, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States.
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32
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Epistatic interaction between the lipase-encoding genes Pnpla2 and Lipe causes liposarcoma in mice. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006716. [PMID: 28459858 PMCID: PMC5432192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma is an often fatal cancer of fat cells. Mechanisms of liposarcoma development are incompletely understood. The cleavage of fatty acids from acylglycerols (lipolysis) has been implicated in cancer. We generated mice with adipose tissue deficiency of two major enzymes of lipolysis, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), encoded respectively by Pnpla2 and Lipe. Adipocytes from double adipose knockout (DAKO) mice, deficient in both ATGL and HSL, showed near-complete deficiency of lipolysis. All DAKO mice developed liposarcoma between 11 and 14 months of age. No tumors occurred in single knockout or control mice. The transcriptome of DAKO adipose tissue showed marked differences from single knockout and normal controls as early as 3 months. Gpnmb and G0s2 were among the most highly dysregulated genes in premalignant and malignant DAKO adipose tissue, suggesting a potential utility as early markers of the disease. Similar changes of GPNMB and G0S2 expression were present in a human liposarcoma database. These results show that a previously-unknown, fully penetrant epistatic interaction between Pnpla2 and Lipe can cause liposarcoma in mice. DAKO mice provide a promising model for studying early premalignant changes that lead to late-onset malignant disease. Liposarcoma is an often fatal adult-onset tumor of fat tissue. Lipolysis, the central pathway of fat tissue metabolism, has been implicated in cancer. We generated mice that were deficient in two key enzymes of lipolysis, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). Strikingly, all mice with combined ATGL and HSL deficiency developed liposarcoma by 11–14 months of age. No liposarcoma occurred in single knockout or normal controls. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a subset of genes is dysregulated by 3 months of age. Our study reveals a novel epistatic interaction in fat cells between these two lipase genes and that causes a unique form of liposarcoma in mice. The double knockout mice provide a novel tool to study the early stages of liposarcoma development, prognostic markers and preventive treatments.
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Chen X, Gu P, Xie R, Han J, Liu H, Wang B, Xie W, Xie W, Zhong G, Chen C, Xie S, Jiang N, Lin T, Huang J. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is associated with poor prognosis and regulates proliferation and apoptosis in bladder cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:1266-1279. [PMID: 27862976 PMCID: PMC5487918 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) is an essential RNA- and DNA-binding protein that regulates diverse biological events, especially DNA transcription. hnRNPK overexpression is related to tumorigenesis in several cancers. However, both the expression patterns and biological mechanisms of hnRNPK in bladder cancer are unclear. We investigated hnRNPK expression by immunohistochemistry in 188 patients with bladder cancer, and found that hnRNPK expression levels were significantly increased in bladder cancer tissues and that high-hnRNPK expression was closely correlated with poor prognosis. Loss- and gain-of-function assays demonstrated that hnRNPK promoted proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and chemoresistance in bladder cancer cells in vitro, and hnRNPK knockdown suppressed tumorigenicity in vivo. Mechanistically, hnRNPK regulated various functions in bladder cancer by directly mediating cyclin D1, G0/G1 switch 2 (G0S2), XIAP-associated factor 1, and ERCC excision repair 4, endonuclease catalytic subunit (ERCC4) transcription. In conclusion, we discovered that hnRNPK plays an important role in bladder cancer, suggesting that it is a potential prognostic marker and a promising target for treating bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Gu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihui Xie
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinli Han
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Xie
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Xie
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangzheng Zhong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhao Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujie Xie
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Matsunaga N, Ikeda E, Kakimoto K, Watanabe M, Shindo N, Tsuruta A, Ikeyama H, Hamamura K, Higashi K, Yamashita T, Kondo H, Yoshida Y, Matsuda M, Ogino T, Tokushige K, Itcho K, Furuichi Y, Nakao T, Yasuda K, Doi A, Amamoto T, Aramaki H, Tsuda M, Inoue K, Ojida A, Koyanagi S, Ohdo S. Inhibition of G0/G1 Switch 2 Ameliorates Renal Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease. EBioMedicine 2016; 13:262-273. [PMID: 27745900 PMCID: PMC5264248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem, and novel therapies to treat CKD are urgently needed. Here, we show that inhibition of G0/G1 switch 2 (G0s2) ameliorates renal inflammation in a mouse model of CKD. Renal expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2) was increased in response to p65 activation in the kidneys of wild-type 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) mice. Moreover, 5/6Nx Clk/Clk mice, which carry homozygous mutations in the gene encoding circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK), did not exhibit aggravation of apoptosis or induction of F4/80-positive cells. The renal expression of G0s2 in wild-type 5/6Nx mice was important for the transactivation of Ccl2 by p65. These pathologies were ameliorated by G0s2 knockdown. Furthermore, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of G0s2 expression was identified by high-throughput chemical screening, and the inhibitor suppressed renal inflammation in 5/6Nx mice. These findings indicated that G0s2 inhibitors may have applications in the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eriko Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Biology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kakimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Miyako Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoya Shindo
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akito Tsuruta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hisako Ikeyama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kengo Hamamura
- Department of Molecular Biology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Higashi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamashita
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kondo
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Saiseikai Nagasaki Hospital, Katafuchi, Nagasaki 850-0003, Japan
| | - Yuya Yoshida
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsuda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogino
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Tokushige
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Itcho
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoko Furuichi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takaharu Nakao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Cell-Innovator Inc., EC building, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Doi
- Cell-Innovator Inc., EC building, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Amamoto
- NMedical Co. Ouryokukai, Chuo-ku, Nihombashi-Kayabacho, Tokyo 103-0025, Japan
| | - Hironori Aramaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Life Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Inoue
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akio Ojida
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Ohdo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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