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Wang J, Liu H, Yu Z, Zhou Q, Sun F, Han J, Gao L, Dou B, Zhang H, Fu J, Jia W, Chen W, Hu J, Han B. Reciprocal regulation between RACGAP1 and AR contributes to endocrine therapy resistance in prostate cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:339. [PMID: 38898473 PMCID: PMC11186203 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01703-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine resistance driven by sustained activation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway in advanced prostate cancer (PCa) is fatal. Characterization of mechanisms underlying aberrant AR pathway activation to search for potential therapeutic strategy is particularly important. Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 (RACGAP1) is one of the specific GTPase-activating proteins. As a novel tumor proto-oncogene, overexpression of RACGAP1 was related to the occurrence of various tumors. METHODS Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the relationship of expression level between RACGAP1 and AR as well as AR pathway activation. qRT-PCR and western blotting assays were performed to assess the expression of AR/AR-V7 and RACGAP1 in PCa cells. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments were conducted to detect the interaction and co-localization between RACGAP1 and AR/AR-V7. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses were conducted to investigate the biological roles of RACGAP1 in PCa cells, using MTS and colony formation assays. In vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of RACGAP1 inhibition on the tumor growth. RESULTS RACGAP1 was a gene activated by AR, which was markedly upregulated in PCa patients with CRPC and enzalutamide resistance. AR transcriptionally activated RACGAP1 expression by binding to its promoter region. Reciprocally, nuclear RACGAP1 bound to the N-terminal domain (NTD) of both AR and AR-V7, blocking their interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. Consequently, this prevented the degradation of AR/AR-V7 in a ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent pathway. Notably, the positive feedback loop between RACGAP1 and AR/AR-V7 contributed to endocrine therapy resistance of CRPC. Combination of enzalutamide and in vivo cholesterol-conjugated RIG-I siRNA drugs targeting RACGAP1 induced potent inhibition of xenograft tumor growth of PCa. CONCLUSION In summary, our results reveal that reciprocal regulation between RACGAP1 and AR/AR-V7 contributes to the endocrine resistance in PCa. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of combined RACGAP1 inhibition and enzalutamide in treatment of advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zeyuan Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jingying Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Baokai Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jiawei Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wenqiao Jia
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Fei H, Shi X, Sun D, Yang H, Wang D, Li K, Si X, Hu W. Integrated analysis identified the role of three family members of ARHGAP in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11790. [PMID: 38783033 PMCID: PMC11116390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Rho GTPase activating protein family (ARHGAPs) is expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) but its function is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role and potential clinical value of ARHGAPs in PAAD. Using TCGA and GEO databases to analyze expression of ARHGAPs in PAAD and normal tissues. Survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier. ARHGAPs were integrated analyzed by GEPIA2, TIMER, UCLCAN, cBioPortal and R language. Protein level and prognostic value were evaluated via IHC staining or survival analysis. We totally identify 18 differentially expressed (DE) ARHGAPs in PAAD. Among the 18 DE genes, 8 were positively correlated with tumor grade; abnorrmal expression of 5 was positively correlated with copy number variation; expression of 4 was positively correlated with promoter hypomethylation. Multivariate Cox regression identified ARHGAP5, ARHGAP11A, and ARHGAP12 as independent prognostic factors of PAAD. The function of ARHGAPs was mainly related to GTPase activity and signaling, axon guidance, proteoglycans in cancer and focal adhesion. Expression of 7 ARHGAPs was strongly correlated with immune infiltration. Immunohistochemistry showed increased protein levels of ARHGAP5, ARHGAP11A, and ARHGAP12 in PAAD tissues. Survival analysis confirmed a negative correlation between ARHGAP5, ARHGAP11A, and ARHGAP12 expression and patient prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression proved ARHGAP5, ARHGAP11A, and ARHGAP12 could serve as independent prognostic indicators for PAAD. Finally, this study verified ARHGAP5, ARHGAP11A, and ARHGAP12 as independent prognostic factors in PAAD, suggesting their significance for the diagnosis and treatment of PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Fei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, China
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, China
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Haishen Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dali Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxin Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Ye J, Zhang X, Xie JX, Hou Y, Fan WM, Wang XQ, Zhang LW, Yang XM, Li J, Fei H. RACGAP1 knockdown synergizes and enhances the effects of chemotherapeutics on ovarian cancer. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:2132-2146. [PMID: 38883382 PMCID: PMC11170603 DOI: 10.62347/qnzu1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Among the three most prevalent cancers affecting the female reproductive system, ovarian cancer (OV) ranks as the second most frequently diagnosed. It is important to investigate the genomic complexity of OV to develop diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Through the utilization of bioinformatics analysis, it was determined that RacGTPase Activating Protein 1 (RACGAP1) holds significant significance in the field of OV chemotherapeutics, an aspect that has not been thoroughly explored in prior investigations. In our study, a notable increase in RACGAP1 expression was detected in ovarian cancer, demonstrating a robust association with clinicopathological features and patient prognosis. In vivo and in vitro testing revealed that RACGAP1 acts synergistically with chemotherapeutics to enhance their effects on ovarian cancer. Furthermore, an interaction between RACGAP1 and the subunit G2 of the condensin II complex, known as non-SMC condensin II complex subunit G2 (NCAPG2), has been identified. Our findings may provide new insight for improving therapeutic strategies for OV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Min Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Wen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - He Fei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai, China
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4
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Zheng CS, Huang WM, Xia HM, Mi JL, Li YQ, Liang HQ, Zhou L, Lu ZX, Wu F. Oncogenic and immunological roles of RACGAP1 in pan-cancer and its potential value in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Apoptosis 2024; 29:243-266. [PMID: 37670104 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
A particular GTPase-activating protein called RACGAP1 is involved in apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance in a variety of malignancies. Nevertheless, the role of RACGAP1 in pan-cancer was less studied, and its value of the expression and prognostic of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been explored. Hence, the goal of this study was to investigate the oncogenic and immunological roles of RACGAP1 in various cancers and its potential value in NPC. We comprehensively analyzed RACGAP1 expression, prognostic value, function, methylation levels, relationship with immune cells, immune infiltration, and immunotherapy response in pan-cancer utilizing multiple databases. The results discovered that RACGAP1 expression was elevated in most cancers and suggested poor prognosis, which could be related to the involvement of RACGAP1 in various cancer-related pathways such as the cell cycle and correlated with RACGAP1 methylation levels, immune cell infiltration and reaction to immunotherapy, and chemoresistance. RACGAP1 could inhibit anti-tumor immunity and immunotherapy responses by fostering immune cell infiltration and cytotoxic T lymphocyte dysfunction. Significantly, we validated that RACGAP1 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in NPC. The Gene Expression Omnibus database revealed that elevated RACGAP1 expression was associated with shorter PFS in patients with NPC, and RACGAP1 potentially influenced cell cycle progression, DNA replication, metabolism, and immune-related pathways, resulting in the recurrence and metastasis of NPC. This study indicated that RACGAP1 could be a potential biomarker in pan-cancer and NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shan Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei-Mei Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xia
- Department of Gynecology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Jing-Lin Mi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui-Qing Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhou-Xue Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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5
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Naeimzadeh Y, Ilbeigi S, Dastsooz H, Rafiee Monjezi M, Mansoori Y, Tabei SMB. Protooncogenic Role of ARHGAP11A and ARHGAP11B in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: Two Promising Breast Cancer Biomarkers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:8236853. [PMID: 38046902 PMCID: PMC10689071 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8236853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Invasive duct carcinoma (IDC) is one of the most common types of breast cancer (BC) in women worldwide, with a high risk of malignancy, metastasis, recurrence, and death. So far, molecular patterns among IDC cases have not been fully defined. However, extensive evidence has shown that dysregulated Rho family small GTPases (Rho GTPases) including Rho GTPase activating proteins (RhoGAPs) have important roles in the invasive features of IDCs. In the current study, we analyzed the expression levels of two RhoGAP genes, ARHGAP11A and ARHGAP11B, in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer (BRCA) and also our 51 IDC tumors compared to their matched normal tissues using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Our TCGA data analysis revealed higher expression of ARHGAP11A and ARHGAP11B in various cancers comprising BCs. Also, we found correlations between these genes and other genes in TCGA-BRCA. Moreover, our methylation analysis showed that their promotor methylation had a negative correlation with their overexpression. QPCR revealed their significant upregulation in our tumor samples. Furthermore, we found that the expression level of ARHGAP11A was considerably lower in women who were breastfeeding. Moreover, it had overexpression in cases who had regular menstrual cycles and early age (younger than 14) at menarche. However, ARHGAP11B had a higher expression in HER2-positive tumors versus HER2-positive and ER-positive tumors. Our study found possible protooncogenic roles for these genes and their involvement in IDC pathogenesis and malignancy. Therefore, they can be considered novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for IDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Naeimzadeh
- School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Ilbeigi
- Walther-Straub Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - H. Dastsooz
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo, C/o IRCCS, IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer (IT), FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Turin, Italy
| | - M. Rafiee Monjezi
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Y. Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - S. M. B. Tabei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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6
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Hawley JE, Obradovic AZ, Dallos MC, Lim EA, Runcie K, Ager CR, McKiernan J, Anderson CB, Decastro GJ, Weintraub J, Virk R, Lowy I, Hu J, Chaimowitz MG, Guo XV, Zhang Y, Haffner MC, Worley J, Stein MN, Califano A, Drake CG. Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy induces robust immune infiltration in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1972-1988.e5. [PMID: 37922910 PMCID: PMC11184948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
When compared to other malignancies, the tumor microenvironment (TME) of primary and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is relatively devoid of immune infiltrates. While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) induces a complex immune infiltrate in localized prostate cancer, the composition of the TME in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC), and the effects of ADT and other treatments in this context are poorly understood. Here, we perform a comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) profiling of metastatic sites from patients participating in a phase 2 clinical trial (NCT03951831) that evaluated standard-of-care chemo-hormonal therapy combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. We perform a longitudinal, protein activity-based analysis of TME subpopulations, revealing immune subpopulations conserved across multiple metastatic sites. We also observe dynamic changes in these immune subpopulations in response to treatment and a correlation with clinical outcomes. Our study uncovers a therapy-resistant, transcriptionally distinct tumor subpopulation that expands in cell number in treatment-refractory patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Hawley
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aleksandar Z Obradovic
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew C Dallos
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emerson A Lim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karie Runcie
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Casey R Ager
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James McKiernan
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher B Anderson
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guarionex J Decastro
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Weintraub
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renu Virk
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Israel Lowy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matthew G Chaimowitz
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinzheng V Guo
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ya Zhang
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeremy Worley
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark N Stein
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA; Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA; J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA.
| | - Charles G Drake
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Interventional Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Jiang Z, Ju Y, Ali A, Chung PED, Skowron P, Wang DY, Shrestha M, Li H, Liu JC, Vorobieva I, Ghanbari-Azarnier R, Mwewa E, Koritzinsky M, Ben-David Y, Woodgett JR, Perou CM, Dupuy A, Bader GD, Egan SE, Taylor MD, Zacksenhaus E. Distinct shared and compartment-enriched oncogenic networks drive primary versus metastatic breast cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4313. [PMID: 37463901 PMCID: PMC10354065 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast-cancer is a major cause of death in women worldwide, yet the relationship between oncogenic drivers that promote metastatic versus primary cancer is still contentious. To elucidate this relationship in treatment-naive animals, we hereby describe mammary-specific transposon-mutagenesis screens in female mice together with loss-of-function Rb, which is frequently inactivated in breast-cancer. We report gene-centric common insertion-sites (gCIS) that are enriched in primary-tumors, in metastases or shared by both compartments. Shared-gCIS comprise a major MET-RAS network, whereas metastasis-gCIS form three additional hubs: Rho-signaling, Ubiquitination and RNA-processing. Pathway analysis of four clinical cohorts with paired primary-tumors and metastases reveals similar organization in human breast-cancer with subtype-specific shared-drivers (e.g. RB1-loss, TP53-loss, high MET, RAS, ER), primary-enriched (EGFR, TGFβ and STAT3) and metastasis-enriched (RHO, PI3K) oncogenic signaling. Inhibitors of RB1-deficiency or MET plus RHO-signaling cooperate to block cell migration and drive tumor cell-death. Thus, targeting shared- and metastasis- but not primary-enriched derivers offers a rational avenue to prevent metastatic breast-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jiang
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - YoungJun Ju
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Amjad Ali
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Philip E D Chung
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patryk Skowron
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dong-Yu Wang
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mariusz Shrestha
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Huiqin Li
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jeff C Liu
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ioulia Vorobieva
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ronak Ghanbari-Azarnier
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ethel Mwewa
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - Yaacov Ben-David
- The Key laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550014, China
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - James R Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Genetics and Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Adam Dupuy
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sean E Egan
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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8
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Huang YR, Xie XX, Yang J, Sun XY, Niu XY, Yang CG, Li LJ, Zhang L, Wang D, Liu CY, Hou SJ, Jiang CY, Xu YM, Liu RT. ArhGAP11A mediates amyloid-β generation and neuropathology in an Alzheimer's disease-like mouse model. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112624. [PMID: 37302068 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) plays an important role in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but some factors promoting Aβ generation and Aβ oligomer (Aβo) neurotoxicity remain unclear. We here find that the levels of ArhGAP11A, a Ras homology GTPase-activating protein, significantly increase in patients with AD and amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS1) mice. Reducing the ArhGAP11A level in neurons not only inhibits Aβ generation by decreasing the expression of APP, PS1, and β-secretase (BACE1) through the RhoA/ROCK/Erk signaling pathway but also reduces Aβo neurotoxicity by decreasing the expressions of apoptosis-related p53 target genes. In APP/PS1 mice, specific reduction of the ArhGAP11A level in neurons significantly reduces Aβ production and plaque deposition and ameliorates neuronal damage, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits. Moreover, Aβos enhance ArhGAP11A expression in neurons by activating E2F1, which thus forms a deleterious cycle. Our results demonstrate that ArhGAP11A may be involved in AD pathogenesis and that decreasing ArhGAP11A expression may be a promising therapeutic strategy for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi-Xiu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Neurogenetic and Neurodegenerative Disease, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Yang
- Department of BigData, Beijing Medintell Bioinformatic Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China; Department of Research and Development, Gu'an Bojian Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Langfang 065000, Hebei, China
| | - Ling-Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of BigData, Beijing Medintell Bioinformatic Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Sheng-Jie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen-Yang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Rui-Tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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9
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Yang H, Zhang H, Zhang L, Tusuphan P, Zheng J. ARHGAP11A Is a Novel Prognostic and Predictive Biomarker Correlated with Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097755. [PMID: 37175461 PMCID: PMC10178328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a highly immunogenic tumor and immune dysfunction is associated with ccRCC poor prognosis. The RhoGTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) family was reported to affect ccRCC development, but its role in immunity and prognosis prediction for ccRCC remain unknown. In the current study, we found ARHGAP11A was the only independent risk factor among 33 RhoGAPs (hazard ratio [HR] 1.949, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.364-2.785). High ARHGAP11A level was associated with shorter overall survival (OS, HR 2.040, 95% CI 1.646-3.417) and ARHGAP11A is a prognostic biomarker for ccRCC. ARHGAP11A knockdown suppressed renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration, suggesting the promoting role of ARHGAP11A on RCC development. Mechanistically, ARHGAP11A might contribute to the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). High ARHGAP11A level was correlated with infiltration of immunosuppressive cells (including T helper 2 (Th2) cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and M2 macrophage cells), activation of immunosuppressive pathways (IL6-JAK-STAT3 signaling and IFNγ response), and expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints (ICs). ARHGAP11A could promote T cell exhaustion and induce immune escape. ccRCC patients with low ARHGAP11A level were more suitable for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy, while those with high ARHGAP11A level might benefit from a combination of ARHGAP11A blockade and ICIs. In all, ARHGAP11A might serve as a novel prognostic marker, therapeutic target, and predictor in the clinical response to ICIs therapy for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, China
| | - Hongning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, China
| | - Liuxu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, China
| | - Paizigul Tusuphan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, China
| | - Junfang Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, China
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10
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Lazarini M, Assis-Mendonça GR, Machado-Neto JA, Latuf-Filho P, Bezerra SM, Vieira KP, Saad STO. Silencing of ARHGAP21, a Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP), reduces the growth of prostate cancer xenografts in NOD/SCID mice. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119439. [PMID: 36764390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lazarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Latuf-Filho
- Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (Ciped), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Karla Priscila Vieira
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Nicknam A, Khojasteh Pour S, Hashemnejad MA, Hussen BM, Safarzadeh A, Eslami S, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S, Jamali E. Expression analysis of Rho GTPase-related lncRNAs in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 244:154429. [PMID: 36996609 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The Rho GTPases have prominent roles in cell cycle transition and cell migration. Some members of this family have been found to be mutated in cancers. Moreover, alterations in expression levels and/or activity of these proteins have been reported in many types of cancers. Thus, Rho GTPases are involved in the carcinogenesis. Rho GTPases regulate growth, motility, invasiveness and metastatic ability of breast cancer cells. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been revealed to exert significant effect in the regulation of these proteins via direct routes or through sequestering microRNAs that inhibit Rho GTPases. We aimed to assess expression levels of four Rho GTPase-related lncRNAs, namely NORAD, RAD51-AS1, NRAV and DANCR in breast cancer samples versus non-cancerous specimens from the same individuals. Expression levels of NORAD were shown to be elevated in tumoral tissues compared with non-tumoral tissues (Expression ratio (95% CI)= 5.85 (3.16-10.83), Standard error of mean (SEM)= 0.44, P value< 0.0001). NRAV expression was also higher in tumoral tissues compared with control tissues (Expression ratio=2.85 (1.52-5.35), SEM= 0.45, P value= 0.0013). Similar to these lncRNAs, RHOA was demonstrated to be up-regulated in malignant tissues (Expression ratio=6.58 (3.17-13.63), SEM= 0.52, P value< 0.0001). Although expression ratio values showed up-regulation of RAD51-AS1 and DANCR in cancerous tissues (Expression ratio (95% CI)= 2.2 (1.05-4.6) and 1.35 (0.72-2.53), respectively), P values did not reach significance level (P values=0.0706 and 0.3746, respectively). There were significant associations between expression level of NRAV gene in tumor tissues and a number of parameters including age, histological tumor grade and tubule formation. Taken together, the current study shows dysregulation of a number of RHOA-related lncRNAs in breast cancer in association with abnormal up-regulation of this member of Rho GTPase family and suggests conduction of additional functional studies to unravel their mode of participation in the breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nicknam
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Amin Hashemnejad
- Clinical Research Developmental Unit (CRDU) of Shahid Rajaei Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Arash Safarzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solat Eslami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elena Jamali
- Department of Pathology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Increased expression of ECT2 predicts the poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:107. [PMID: 36572949 PMCID: PMC9791744 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Recent studies have indicated that aberrant activation of Rho GTPases relates to the malignant properties of breast cancer cells. As the guanine nucleotide exchange factor of Rho GTPases, the role of ECT2 (epithelial cell transforming 2) in breast cancer is still unclear. Tissue microarrays and multiple public databases were utilized to investigate the relationship between ECT2 level and clinical-pathological features of breast cancer patients. Kaplan Meier-plotter online tool and tissue microarray with survival information were used to investigate the predictive value for breast cancer. Here, we found increased ECT2 level was highly associated with advanced TNM stage, poor differentiation, and loss of hormone receptors of breast cancer. Gene expression profile showed that ECT2 level was closely correlated to cell-proliferation-associated pathways. Integration analysis using public databases and tissue microarray indicated that high ECT2 was an adverse prognostic factor for breast cancer patients. We believe the ECT2 level might be a valuable complement for commercially available predictors such as the 21 genes test. Furthermore, ECT2 would be a novel target for drug development for breast cancer.
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13
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Lin Z, He Y, Qiu C, Yu Q, Huang H, Yiwen Zhang, Li W, Qiu T, Xiaoping Li. A multi-omics signature to predict the prognosis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Comput Biol Med 2022; 151:106291. [PMID: 36395590 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precisely evaluating the prognosis of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast is challenging as most prognostic signatures use single-omics data based on gene or clinical information. METHODS Whole-slide images (WSIs), transcriptome, and clinical data of breast IDC were collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas Database. The cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) gene sets were downloaded from the Molecular Signatures Database. The WSI feature was extracted by artificial feature engineering. The CAF prognostic genes were determined by the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, the Wilcoxon test, and univariate Cox regression. The IDC patients were divided into the training and test sets. The prognostic signatures based on WSIs, IDC-CAFs, bi-omics, and tri-omics were constructed using multivariate Cox regression. The samples were divided into low- and high-risk groups according to the median risk score. The Kaplan-Meier survival and receiver operating characteristic curves were applied to validate the prediction performance of the four signatures. RESULTS In total, 508 IDC patients with complete data were included. The area under the curve (AUC) of single-omics signature based on WSI characteristics and CAFs was 0.765 and 0.775, whereas the AUC of bi-omics was 0.823. The tri-omics signature based on WSIs, CAFs, and lymph node status demonstrated the best predictive value with an AUC of 0.897. CONCLUSION The multi-omics signature based on WSIs, CAFs, and clinical characteristics showed excellent prediction ability in breast IDC patients, whose risk factors can also provide a valuable diagnostic reference for the clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Lin
- Wuyi University, 99 Yinbin Avenue, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu He
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaoran Qiu
- Department of Breast, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihe Yu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangmen Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Breast, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwen Li
- Department of Breast, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Qiu
- Wuyi University, 99 Yinbin Avenue, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Breast, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China.
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14
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A current overview of RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC functions in vascular biology and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Xing J, Qi L, Liu X, Shi G, Sun X, Yang Y. Roles of mitochondrial fusion and fission in breast cancer progression: a systematic review. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:331. [PMID: 36192752 PMCID: PMC9528125 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria play critical roles in cellular physiological activity as cellular organelles. Under extracellular stimulation, mitochondria undergo constant fusion and fission to meet different cellular demands. Mitochondrial dynamics, which are involved in mitochondrial fusion and fission, are regulated by specialized proteins and lipids, and their dysregulation causes human diseases, such as cancer. The advanced literature about the crucial role of mitochondrial dynamics in breast cancer is performed. Methods All related studies were systematically searched through online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE) using keywords (e.g., breast cancer, mitochondrial, fission, and fusion), and these studies were then screened through the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Eligible studies (n = 19) were evaluated and discussed in the systematic review. These advanced studies established the roles of mitochondrial fission and fusion of breast cancer in the metabolism, proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Importantly, the manipulating of mitochondrial dynamic is significant for the progresses of breast cancer. Conclusion Understanding the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial fission and fusion during tumorigenesis is important for improving breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Xing
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Luyao Qi
- The Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guangxi Shi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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16
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Zhang T, Wang C, Wang K, Liang Y, Liu T, Feng L, Yang X. RacGAP1 promotes the malignant progression of cervical cancer by regulating AP-1 via miR-192 and p-JNK. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:604. [PMID: 35831303 PMCID: PMC9279451 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the most frequently diagnosed genital tract cancer in females worldwide. Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 (RacGAP1) is one of the specific GTPase-activating proteins. As a novel tumor protooncogene, overexpression of RacGAP1 was related to the occurrence of various tumors, but its function in CC is still unclear. In this study, bioinformatics analyses showed that RacGAP1 might be a key candidate gene in the progression of CC. RacGAP1 was significantly overexpressed in CC tissues. High RacGAP1 expression was positively associated with poor prognosis. Downregulating RacGAP1 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CC cells, while overexpressing RacGAP1 had the opposite effects. Further research showed that miR-192, which plays as a tumor suppressor in CC, was identified as a downstream target of RacGAP1 in CC cells. miR-192 inhibition could partially rescue the decrease in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion caused by RacGAP1 downregulation. In opposite, miR-192 overexpression could decrease the promotion of malignant progression caused by RacGAP1 upregulation. Mechanism studies revealed that RacGAP1 could regulate the expression and phosphorylation of c-Jun, which was the component of AP-1, via miR-192 and p-JNK separately. These findings suggested that RacGAP1 promoted tumorigenicity, migration, and invasion of CC. Therefore, it represented a potential novel prognostic marker in CC and may probably be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingsheng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Fixing the GAP: the role of RhoGAPs in cancer. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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18
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Kazmi N, Robinson T, Zheng J, Kar S, Martin RM, Ridley AJ. Rho GTPase gene expression and breast cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1463. [PMID: 35087170 PMCID: PMC8795400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rho GTPase family consists of 20 genes encoding intracellular signalling proteins that influence cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle progression. They are implicated in breast cancer progression but their role in breast cancer aetiology is unknown. As aberrant Rho GTPase activity could be associated with breast cancer, we aimed to determine the potential for a causal role of Rho GTPase gene expression in breast cancer risk, using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). MR was undertaken in 122,977 breast cancer cases and 105,974 controls, including 69,501 estrogen receptor positive (ER+) cases and 105,974 controls, and 21,468 ER negative (ER-) cases and 105,974 controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) underlying expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) obtained from normal breast tissue, breast cancer tissue and blood were used as genetic instruments for Rho GTPase expression. As a sensitivity analysis, we undertook co-localisation to examine whether findings reflected shared causal variants or genomic confounding. We identified genetic instruments for 14 of the 20 human Rho GTPases. Using eQTLs obtained from normal breast tissue and normal blood, we identified evidence of a causal role of RHOD in overall and ER+ breast cancers (overall breast cancer: odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) increase in expression level 1.06; (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.09; P = 5.65 × 10-5) and OR 1.22 (95% CI 1.11, 1.35; P = 5.22 × 10-5) in normal breast tissue and blood respectively). There was a consistent direction of association for ER- breast cancer, although the effect-estimate was imprecisely estimated. Using eQTLs from breast cancer tissue and normal blood there was some evidence that CDC42 was negatively associated with overall and ER + breast cancer risk. The evidence from colocalization analyses strongly supported our MR results particularly for RHOD. Our study suggests a potential causal role of increased RHOD gene expression, and, although the evidence is weaker, a potential protective role for CDC42 gene expression, in overall and ER+ breast cancers. These finding warrant validation in independent samples and further biological investigation to assess whether they may be suitable targets for drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Kazmi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Tim Robinson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Siddhartha Kar
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anne J Ridley
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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19
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EGF-induced nuclear translocation of SHCBP1 promotes bladder cancer progression through inhibiting RACGAP1-mediated RAC1 inactivation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:39. [PMID: 35013128 PMCID: PMC8748695 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. EGF/EGFR activation causes the detachment of SHC-binding protein 1 (SHCBP1) from SHC adapter protein 1 (SHC1), which subsequently translocates into the nucleus and promotes cancer development via multiple signaling pathways. However, the role of the EGF-SHCBP1 axis in bladder cancer progression remains unexplored. Herein, we report that SHCBP1 is upregulated in bladder cancer tissues and cells, with cytoplasmic or nuclear localization. Released SHCBP1 responds to EGF stimulation by translocating into the nucleus following Ser273 phosphorylation. Depletion of SHCBP1 reduces EGF-induced cell migration and invasiveness of bladder cancer cells. Mechanistically, SHCBP1 binds to RACGAP1 via its N-terminal domain of amino acids 1 ~ 428, and this interaction is enhanced following EGF treatment. Furthermore, SHCBP1 facilitates cell migration by inhibiting RACGAP-mediated GTP-RAC1 inactivation, whose activity is indispensable for cell movement. Collectively, we demonstrate that the EGF-SHCBP1-RACGAP1-RAC1 axis acts as a novel regulatory mechanism of bladder cancer progression, which offers a new clinical therapeutic strategy to combat bladder cancer.
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20
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ARHGAP11A Promotes the Malignant Progression of Gastric Cancer by Regulating the Stability of Actin Filaments through TPM1. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:4146910. [PMID: 34912455 PMCID: PMC8668285 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4146910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the poor prognosis of gastric cancer, including its high degree of malignancy, invasion, and metastasis, is extremely complicated. Rho GTPases are involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of malignant tumors. ARHGAP11A, in the Rho GTPase activating protein family, is highly expressed in gastric cancer, but its function and mechanism have not yet been explored. In this study, the effect of ARHGAP11A on the occurrence and development of gastric cancer and the mechanism related to this effect were studied. The expression of ARHGAP11A was increased in gastric cancer cells and tissues, and high ARHGAP11A expression in tissues was related to the degree of tumor differentiation and poor prognosis. Moreover, ARHGAP11A knockout significantly inhibited cell proliferation, cell migration, and invasion in vitro and significantly inhibited the tumorigenic ability of gastric cancer cells in nude mice in vivo. Further studies revealed that ARHGAP11A promotes the malignant progression of gastric cancer cells by interacting with TPM1 to affect cell migration and invasion and the stability of actin filaments. These results suggest that ARHGAP11A plays an important role in gastric cancer and may become a useful prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for gastric cancer patients.
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21
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The roles of GTPase-activating proteins in regulated cell death and tumor immunity. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:171. [PMID: 34663417 PMCID: PMC8524929 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
GTPase-activating protein (GAP) is a negative regulator of GTPase protein that is thought to promote the conversion of the active GTPase-GTP form to the GTPase-GDP form. Based on its ability to regulate GTPase proteins and other domains, GAPs are directly or indirectly involved in various cell requirement processes. We reviewed the existing evidence of GAPs regulating regulated cell death (RCD), mainly apoptosis and autophagy, as well as some novel RCDs, with particular attention to their association in diseases, especially cancer. We also considered that GAPs could affect tumor immunity and attempted to link GAPs, RCD and tumor immunity. A deeper understanding of the GAPs for regulating these processes could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets to avoid pathologic cell loss or to mediate cancer cell death.
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22
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Fan B, Ji K, Bu Z, Zhang J, Yang H, Li J, Wu X. ARHGAP11A Is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated With Immune Infiltrates in Gastric Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:720645. [PMID: 34733886 PMCID: PMC8558302 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.720645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: ARHGAP11A, belongs to RhoGAPs family, is vital for cell motility. However, the role of ARHGAP11A in gastric cancer is obscure. Methods: The expression level of ARHGAP11A was analyzed by Oncomine database. The correlation of ARHGAP11A expression with immune infiltrates and associated gene markers was clarified by Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database. The correlation between ARHGAP11A expression and the patient prognosis was identified by Kaplan-Meier plotter and PrognoScan. Genetic changes of ARHGAP11A were analyzed by cBioPortal. The protein-protein interaction network and gene functional enrichment analysis were constructed and performed by GeneMANIA and Metascape. Results: We found that the expression levels of ARHGAP11A were elevated in various cancers including gastric cancer when compared with normal tissues. High expression of ARHGAP11A was significantly correlated with a better prognosis in gastric cancer. We revealed that the expression of ARHGAP11A was negatively associated with infiltration levels of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. In addition, ARHGAP11A expression was significantly correlated with gene markers of these immune cells. Lastly, gene functional enrichment analysis indicated that ARHGAP11A involved in regulating lymphocyte activation, cell division, cell killing, myeloid leukocyte differentiation and leukocyte apoptosis. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that ARHGAP11A was a valuable prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer. Further work is needed to validate its role and underlying mechanisms in regulating immune infiltrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaojiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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23
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CdGAP promotes prostate cancer metastasis by regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1042. [PMID: 34493786 PMCID: PMC8423782 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High mortality of prostate cancer patients is primarily due to metastasis. Understanding the mechanisms controlling metastatic processes remains essential to develop novel therapies designed to prevent the progression from localized disease to metastasis. CdGAP plays important roles in the control of cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation, which are central to cancer progression. Here we show that elevated CdGAP expression is associated with early biochemical recurrence and bone metastasis in prostate cancer patients. Knockdown of CdGAP in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) PC-3 and 22Rv1 cells reduces cell motility, invasion, and proliferation while inducing apoptosis in CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells. Conversely, overexpression of CdGAP in DU-145, 22Rv1, and LNCaP cells increases cell migration and invasion. Using global gene expression approaches, we found that CdGAP regulates the expression of genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Subcutaneous injection of CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells into mice shows a delayed tumor initiation and attenuated tumor growth. Orthotopic injection of CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells reduces distant metastasic burden. Collectively, these findings support a pro-oncogenic role of CdGAP in prostate tumorigenesis and unveil CdGAP as a potential biomarker and target for prostate cancer treatments. Mehra et al. investigate the role of CdGAP in early biochemical recurrence and bone metastasis in prostate cancer. The authors find that knocking down CdGAP leads to reduced cell motility, invasion and proliferation in PC-3 and 22Rv1 cells while orthotopic injection of CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells reduces distant metastatic burden.
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24
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Kalpana G, Figy C, Feng J, Tipton C, De Castro JN, Bach VN, Borile C, LaSalla A, Odeh HN, Yeung M, Garcia-Mata R, Yeung KC. The RhoA dependent anti-metastatic function of RKIP in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17455. [PMID: 34465801 PMCID: PMC8408146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein was initially discovered as a physiological kinase inhibitor of the MAPK signaling pathway and was later shown to suppress cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Yet, the molecular mechanism through which RKIP executes its effects is not completely defined. RhoA has both a pro- and anti-metastatic cell-context dependent functions. Given that Rho GTPases primarily function on actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cell movement regulation, it is possible that one way RKIP hinders cancer cell invasion/metastasis is by targeting these proteins. Here we show that RKIP inhibits cancer cell invasion and metastasis by stimulating RhoA anti-tumorigenic functions. Mechanistically, RKIP activates RhoA in an Erk2 and GEF-H1 dependent manner to enhance E-cadherin membrane localization and inhibit CCL5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gardiyawasam Kalpana
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Christopher Figy
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Jingwei Feng
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.,Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Claire Tipton
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Julius N De Castro
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Vu N Bach
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Clariza Borile
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Alexandria LaSalla
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Hussain N Odeh
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Miranda Yeung
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Rafael Garcia-Mata
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Kam C Yeung
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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25
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Bian R, Dang W, Song X, Liu L, Jiang C, Yang Y, Li Y, Li L, Li X, Hu Y, Bao R, Liu Y. Rac GTPase activating protein 1 promotes gallbladder cancer via binding DNA ligase 3 to reduce apoptosis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2167-2180. [PMID: 34239347 PMCID: PMC8241731 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rac GTPase activating protein 1 (RACGAP1) has been characterized in the pathogenesis and progression of several malignancies, however, little is known regarding its role in the development of gallbladder cancer (GBC). This investigation seeks to describe the role of RACGAP1 and its associated molecular mechanisms in GBC. It was found that RACGAP1 was highly expressed in human GBC tissues, which was associated to poorer overall survival (OS). Gene knockdown of RACGAP1 hindered tumor cell proliferation and survival both in vitro and in vivo. We further identified that RACGAP1 was involved in DNA repair through its binding with DNA ligase 3 (LIG3), a crucial component of the alternative-non-homologous end joining (Alt-NHEJ) pathway. RACGAP1 regulated LIG3 expression independent of RhoA activity. RACGAP1 knockdown resulted in LIG3-dependent repair dysfunction, accumulated DNA damage and Poly(ADP-ribosyl) modification (PARylation) enhancement, leading to increased apoptosis and suppressed cell growth. We conclude that RACGAP1 exerts a tumor-promoting role via binding LIG3 to reduce apoptosis and facilitate cell growth in GBC, pointing to RACGAP1 as a potential therapeutic target for GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Bian
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Dang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liguo Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chengkai Jiang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuechuan Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Runfa Bao
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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26
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Chen S, Duan H, Xie Y, Li X, Zhao Y. Expression and prognostic analysis of Rho GTPase-activating protein 11A in lung adenocarcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:872. [PMID: 34164506 PMCID: PMC8184474 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Rho GTPase-activating protein 11A (ARHGAP11A) is a member of the Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) subfamily. However, its expression, prognostic significance and clinicopathologic factors correlation in lung adenocarcinoma is still unclear. Methods The original gene expression profile, survival data, and clinical information of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The expression difference of ARHGAP11A between LUAD tissues and adjacent normal tissues in the TCGA database was analyzed by using R software, and verified by the Oncomine database and immunohistochemical (IHC) assay of LUAD sections. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the relationship between the expression of ARHGAP11A and clinicopathological factors of LUAD. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curves and a Cox proportional-hazards model were selected to evaluate the prognostic significance of ARHGAP11A expression. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) software was applied to screen the tumor signaling pathways associated with the low and high expression group of ARHGAP11A in LUAD. Results The TCGA database showed that the expression of ARHGAP11A was significantly higher in LUAD tissues than in normal tissues (P<0.001). The up-regulation of ARHGAP11A in LUAD was verified by the Oncomine database (P<0.001) and IHC assay (P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed the high expression of ARHGAP11A to be closely related to age, sex, advanced pathological stage, advanced T stage, and lymph node metastasis. The KM plots based on the TCGA and KM plotter databases indicated that patients with LUAD highly expressing ARHGAP11A had a poorer overall survival (OS) than patients with low expression of ARHGAP11A. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the high expression of ARHGAP11A could be an important independent predictor of a poor prognosis of LUAD [hazards ratio (HR) =1.385; P<0.001]. GSEA indicated that 10 signal pathways were significantly enriched in LUAD samples with the ARHGAP11A expression phenotype. Conclusions ARHGAP11A may play a carcinogenic role in the malignant progression of LUAD, and it can be considered as a new independent prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Thoracic Cancer 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - He Duan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yusai Xie
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Thoracic Cancer 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuxia Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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27
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Li RY, Gujja S, Bajaj SR, Gamel OE, Cilfone N, Gulcher JR, Lidar DA, Chittenden TW. Quantum processor-inspired machine learning in the biomedical sciences. PATTERNS 2021; 2:100246. [PMID: 34179840 PMCID: PMC8212142 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2021.100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in high-throughput genomic technologies coupled with exponential increases in computer processing and memory have allowed us to interrogate the complex molecular underpinnings of human disease from a genome-wide perspective. While the deluge of genomic information is expected to increase, a bottleneck in conventional high-performance computing is rapidly approaching. Inspired by recent advances in physical quantum processors, we evaluated several unconventional machine-learning (ML) strategies on actual human tumor data, namely “Ising-type” methods, whose objective function is formulated identical to simulated annealing and quantum annealing. We show the efficacy of multiple Ising-type ML algorithms for classification of multi-omics human cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, comparing these classifiers to a variety of standard ML methods. Our results indicate that Ising-type ML offers superior classification performance with smaller training datasets, thus providing compelling empirical evidence for the potential future application of unconventional computing approaches in the biomedical sciences. Ising-type algorithms perform better with small datasets There is less overfitting with Ising-type algorithms Ising-type algorithms are amenable for drug discovery Ising-type algorithms are useful for assessment of drug efficacy
Advances in sequencing technology, leading to an ever-increasing volume and variety of data, present an opportunity to probe the molecular underpinnings of disease. Inspired in part by recent developments in physical quantum processors, we evaluated several Ising-type algorithms, which are relatively unused in the biomedical sciences, on actual human tumor data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Our results show performance competitive with conventional machine-learning algorithms in classifying human cancer types and associated molecular subtypes when training with all available data; but perhaps more strikingly, the Ising-type algorithms demonstrate superior performance with smaller training datasets. This gain in performance suggests a tantalizing application for rare diseases or other clinical applications where the number of training samples may be quite small. In addition, the features extracted from the Ising-type algorithms have biological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 920 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Boston, CA, USA
| | - Sharvari Gujja
- Computational Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Genuity AI Research Institute, Genuity Science, 90 Canal Street, Suite 120, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Complex Biological Systems Alliance, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Sweta R Bajaj
- Computational Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Genuity AI Research Institute, Genuity Science, 90 Canal Street, Suite 120, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Complex Biological Systems Alliance, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Omar E Gamel
- Computational Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Genuity AI Research Institute, Genuity Science, 90 Canal Street, Suite 120, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nicholas Cilfone
- Computational Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Genuity AI Research Institute, Genuity Science, 90 Canal Street, Suite 120, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Daniel A Lidar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 920 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Boston, CA, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas W Chittenden
- Computational Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Genuity AI Research Institute, Genuity Science, 90 Canal Street, Suite 120, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Complex Biological Systems Alliance, Medford, MA, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Huang WK, Chen Y, Su H, Chen TY, Gao J, Liu Y, Yeh CN, Li S. ARHGAP25 Inhibits Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Growth by Suppressing Glycolysis via AKT/mTOR Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1808-1820. [PMID: 33994864 PMCID: PMC8120455 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.55919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence reveals that the Rho GTPase-activating protein is a crucial negative regulator of Rho family GTPase involved in tumorigenesis. The Rho GTPase-activating protein 25 (ARHGAP25) has been shown to specifically inactivate the Rho family GTPase Rac1, which plays an important role in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) progression. Therefore, here we aimed to clarify the expression and functional role of ARHGAP25 in PAAD. The ARHGAP25 expression was lower in PAAD tissues than that in normal pancreatic tissues based on bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemistry staining. Overexpression of ARHGAP25 inhibited cell growth of AsPC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, while opposite results were observed in BxPC-3 human pancreatic cancer cells with ARHGAP25 knockdown. Consistently, in vivo tumorigenicity assays also confirmed that ARHGAP25 overexpression suppressed tumor growth. Mechanically, overexpression of ARHGAP25 inactivated AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by regulating Rac1/PAK1 signaling, which was in line with the results from the Gene set enrichment analysis on The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. Furthermore, we found that ARHGAP25 reduced HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis in PAAD cells. Treatment with PF-04691502, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, hampered the increased cell growth and glycolysis due to ARHGAP25 knockdown in PAAD cells. Altogether, these results conclude that ARHGAP25 acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which might provide a therapeutic target for PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kuan Huang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J6:30, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17164 Solna, Sweden
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J6:30, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17164 Solna, Sweden
| | - Huafang Su
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tung-Ying Chen
- Department of Pathology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiwei Gao
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J6:30, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17164 Solna, Sweden
| | - Yaxuan Liu
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J6:30, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17164 Solna, Sweden
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery and Pancreatic Cancer Team, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shuijie Li
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Keller L, Tardy C, Ligat L, Gilhodes J, Filleron T, Bery N, Rochaix P, Aquilina A, Bdioui S, Roux T, Trinquet E, Favre G, Olichon A. Nanobody-Based Quantification of GTP-Bound RHO Conformation Reveals RHOA and RHOC Activation Independent from Their Total Expression in Breast Cancer. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6104-6111. [PMID: 33825439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton, RHO GTPase expression and/or activity are deregulated in tumorigenesis and metastatic progression. Nevertheless, the vast majority of experiments supporting this conclusion was conducted on cell lines but not on human tumor samples that were mostly studied at the expression level only. Up to now, the activity of RHO proteins remains poorly investigated in human tumors. In this article, we present the development of a robust nanobody-based ELISA assay, with a high selectivity that allows an accurate quantification of RHO protein GTP-bound state in the nanomolar range (1 nM; 20 μg/L), not only in cell lines after treatment but also in tumor samples. Of note, we present here a fine analysis of RHOA-like and RAC1 active state in tumor samples with the most comprehensive study of RHOA-GTP and RHOC-GTP levels performed on human breast tumor samples. We revealed increased GTP-bound RHOA and RHOC protein activities in tumors compared to normal tissue counterparts, and demonstrated that the RHO active state and RHO expression are two independent parameters among different breast cancer subtypes. Our results further highlight the regulation of RHO protein activation in tumor samples and the relevance of directly studying RHO GTPase activities involvement in molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Keller
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31037, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Oncologique, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopôle, Toulouse 31037, France
| | - Claudine Tardy
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31037, France
| | - Laetitia Ligat
- Le Pôle Technologique du Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, plateau de protéomique, Toulouse 31037, France
| | - Julia Gilhodes
- Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopôle, Toulouse 31059, France
| | - Thomas Filleron
- Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopôle, Toulouse 31059, France
| | - Nicolas Bery
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31037, France
| | - Philippe Rochaix
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Oncologique, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopôle, Toulouse 31037, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Gilles Favre
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31037, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Oncologique, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopôle, Toulouse 31037, France
| | - Aurélien Olichon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31037, France.,INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion 97487, France
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Kang N, Matsui TS, Deguchi S. Statistical profiling reveals correlations between the cell response to and the primary structure of Rho-GAPs. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:67-76. [PMID: 33792196 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Rho-GTPase-activating proteins (Rho-GAPs) are essential upstream regulators of the Rho family of GTPases. Currently, it remains unclear if the phenotypic change caused by perturbations to a Rho-GAP is predictable from its amino acid sequence. Here we analyze the relationship between the morphological response of cells to the silencing of Rho-GAPs and their primary structure. For all possible pairs of 57 different Rho-GAPs expressed in MCF10A epithelial cells, the similarity in the Rho-GAP silencing-induced morphological change was quantified and compared to the similarity in the primary structure of the corresponding pairs. We found a distinct correlation between the morphological and sequence similarities in a specific group of RhoA-targeting Rho-GAPs. Thus, the family-wide analysis revealed a common feature shared by the specific Rho-GAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Kang
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Tsubasa S Matsui
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Deguchi
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
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31
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Breast Cancer and the Other Non-Coding RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063280. [PMID: 33807045 PMCID: PMC8005115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is very heterogenous and the most common gynaecological cancer, with various factors affecting its development. While its impact on human lives and national health budgets is still rising in almost all global areas, many molecular mechanisms affecting its onset and development remain unclear. Conventional treatments still prove inadequate in some aspects, and appropriate molecular therapeutic targets are required for improved outcomes. Recent scientific interest has therefore focused on the non-coding RNAs roles in tumour development and their potential as therapeutic targets. These RNAs comprise the majority of the human transcript and their broad action mechanisms range from gene silencing to chromatin remodelling. Many non-coding RNAs also have altered expression in breast cancer cell lines and tissues, and this is often connected with increased proliferation, a degraded extracellular environment, and higher endothelial to mesenchymal transition. Herein, we summarise the known abnormalities in the function and expression of long non-coding RNAs, Piwi interacting RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs and small nuclear RNAs in breast cancer, and how these abnormalities affect the development of this deadly disease. Finally, the use of RNA interference to suppress breast cancer growth is summarised.
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32
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Yu X, Fang C, Liu L, Zhao X, Liu W, Cao H, Lv S. Transcriptome study underling difference of milk yield during peak lactation of Kazakh horse. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 102:103424. [PMID: 34119198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to provide a basis for further understanding of the mechanism of lactation based on mRNA expression differences in milk fat between different milk yields in Kazakh horses. Total RNA was extracted from the milk fat during the peak of lactation period. A total of 310 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparative transcriptome analysis of the high-yield and low-yield group. These DEGs regulate lactation by participated in AMPK signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway. In addition, we performed quantitative PCR to validated 5 selected DEGs and the results were in agreement with RNA-seq analysis. A new profile has been established for revealing the mechanism of equid's mammalian lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumuqi, China
| | | | - Lingling Liu
- Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumuqi, China
| | | | - Wujun Liu
- Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumuqi, China.
| | - Hang Cao
- Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumuqi, China
| | - Shipeng Lv
- Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumuqi, China
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33
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Magalhaes YT, Farias JO, Silva LE, Forti FL. GTPases, genome, actin: A hidden story in DNA damage response and repair mechanisms. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 100:103070. [PMID: 33618126 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The classical small Rho GTPase (Rho, Rac, and Cdc42) protein family is mainly responsible for regulating cell motility and polarity, membrane trafficking, cell cycle control, and gene transcription. Cumulative recent evidence supports important roles for these proteins in the maintenance of genomic stability. Indeed, DNA damage response (DDR) and repair mechanisms are some of the prime biological processes that underlie several disease phenotypes, including genetic disorders, cancer, senescence, and premature aging. Many reports guided by different experimental approaches and molecular hypotheses have demonstrated that, to some extent, direct modulation of Rho GTPase activity, their downstream effectors, or actin cytoskeleton regulation contribute to these cellular events. Although much attention has been paid to this family in the context of canonical actin cytoskeleton remodeling, here we provide a contextualized review of the interplay between Rho GTPase signaling pathways and the DDR and DNA repair signaling components. Interesting questions yet to be addressed relate to the spatiotemporal dynamics of this collective response and whether it correlates with different subcellular pools of Rho GTPases. We highlight the direct and indirect targets, some of which still lack experimental validation data, likely associated with Rho GTPase activation that provides compelling evidence for further investigation in DNA damage-associated events and with potential therapeutic applications in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli T Magalhaes
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Systems Signaling, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica O Farias
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Systems Signaling, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz E Silva
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Systems Signaling, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio L Forti
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Systems Signaling, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Wu H, Chen Y, Li B, Li C, Guo J, You J, Hu X, Kuang D, Qi S, Liu P, Li L, Xu C. Targeting ROCK1/2 blocks cell division and induces mitotic catastrophe in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 184:114353. [PMID: 33278350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rho-Associated kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2 have been extensively investigated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. However, their roles are not fully understood in carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether ROCK1 or ROCK2 is required for the survival and growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and underlying mechanism. METHODS ROCKs expression was determined in human HCC tissue and cell lines using qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell growth and proliferation were assayed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and EdU incorporation assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis analysis were performed using flow cytometry. HCC cell division or mitosis was observed using a confocal microscope and a time relapse fluorescence microscope. Inhibitory role of targeting ROCK1/2 on HCC was assayed in both xenograft and primary HCC mouse models. RESULTS Both ROCK1 and ROCK2 are over-expressed in human HCC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of ROCK1 or ROCK2 inhibited HCC cell growth. Pharmacological inactivation of ROCK1/2 with Fasudil further blocked the growth and survival of HCC both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, Fasudil induces cell cycle arrest in HCC cells, but not apoptosis. Instead, Fasudil treatment led to mitotic catastrophe in HCC cells, characterized with the multipolar and asymmetric mitosis, and disassociated stress fibers. Knockdown of cofilin restored the cell morphology and division, and reduced the mitotic catastrophe induced by Fasudil. CONCLUSIONS Both ROCK1 and ROCK2 are required for HCC cell division and growth. Targeting ROCK1 or ROCK2 rather than both can serve as a potential approach for HCC treatment and may reduce the side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuyuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jun Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jia You
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xian Hu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dong Kuang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shibo Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Benxi Iron and Steel Company, Benxi 117000, China
| | - Pin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Chuanrui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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35
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Ren K, Zhou D, Wang M, Li E, Hou C, Su Y, Zou Q, Zhou P, Liu X. RACGAP1 modulates ECT2-Dependent mitochondrial quality control to drive breast cancer metastasis. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112493. [PMID: 33485843 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most cancer deaths are due to the colonization of tumor cells in distant organs. More evidence indicates that overexpression of RACGAP1 plays a critical role in cancer metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism still remains poorly understood. Here we found that RACGAP1 promoted breast cancer metastasis through regulating mitochondrial quality control. Overexpression of RACGAP1 in breast cancer cells led to the fragmentation of mitochondria, increased mitophagy intensity, mitochondrial turnover, and aerobic glycolysis ATP production. We showed that RACGAP1 promoted mitochondrial fission through recruiting ECT2 during anaphase and subsequently had activated ERK-DRP1 pathway. We further demonstrated the phosphorylation of RACGAP1 is essential for its ability of binding with ECT2 and its downstream effects. RACGAP1 overexpression also increased the expression of PGC-1a, a key mitochondrial biogenesis regulator, presumably by the increased mitophagy intensity induced by RACGAP1. PGC-1a increased the enrichment of DNMT1 in mitochondria, mitochondrial DNMT1 augmented mitochondrial DNA methylation and upregulated mitochondrial genome transcription. Our data indicated that RACGAP1 simultaneously facilitated mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis through regulating DRP1 phosphorylation and PGC-1a expression, eventually improved mitochondrial quality control in breast cancer cells. Our study provided a new angle in understanding the RACGAP1-overexpression related malignancy in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehan Ren
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Danmei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meili Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ermin Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenjian Hou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Influence of ARHGAP29 on the Invasion of Mesenchymal-Transformed Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122616. [PMID: 33291460 PMCID: PMC7762093 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive and mesenchymal-transformed breast cancer cells show high expression levels of Rho GTPase activating protein 29 (ARHGAP29), a negative regulator of RhoA. ARHGAP29 was the only one of 32 GTPase-activating enzymes whose expression significantly increased after the induction of mesenchymal transformation in breast cancer cells. Therefore, we investigated the influence of ARHGAP29 on the invasiveness of aggressive and mesenchymal-transformed breast cancer cells. After knock-down of ARHGAP29 using siRNA, invasion of HCC1806, MCF-7-EMT, and T-47D-EMT breast cancer cells was significantly reduced. This could be explained by reduced inhibition of RhoA and a consequent increase in stress fiber formation. Proliferation of the breast cancer cell line T-47D-EMT was slightly increased by reduced expression of ARHGAP29, whereas that of HCC1806 and MCF-7-EMT significantly increased. Using interaction analyses we found that AKT1 is a possible interaction partner of ARHGAP29. Therefore, the expression of AKT1 after siRNA knock-down of ARHGAP29 was tested. Reduced ARHGAP29 expression was accompanied by significantly reduced AKT1 expression. However, the ratio of active pAKT1 to total AKT1 remained unchanged or was significantly increased after ARHGAP29 knock-down. Our results show that ARHGAP29 could be an important factor in the invasion of aggressive and mesenchymal-transformed breast cancer cells. Further research is required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Liu X, Liang J, Qiu G, Zhu X, Chen J, Li L. Identification of a Functional ceRNA Network to Explore Potential Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12341-12355. [PMID: 33293827 PMCID: PMC7719347 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s278912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish a novel circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network associated with the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR was used to verify the differentially expressed circRNA. Moreover, the competing endogenous RNA networks were established using bioinformatics methods. Meanwhile, the prognostic value and potential mechanism of ceRNA network in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were analyzed. RESULTS This work found that circ_0130911 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and early recurring HCC. Further, we effectively constructed a ceRNA network. The ceRNA network regulated by circ_0130911 might influence the prognosis of HCC by regulating cell cycle-related pathways. CONCLUSION The ceRNA network proposed here can be used as a novel biomarker for the prognosis of HCC, thereby providing new insights for the targeted therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingchen Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanhua Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
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Lv Z, Sun L, Xu Q, Xing C, Yuan Y. Joint analysis of lncRNA m 6A methylome and lncRNA/mRNA expression profiles in gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:464. [PMID: 32982586 PMCID: PMC7517696 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification might be closely associated with the genesis and development of gastric cancer (GC). Currently, the evidence established by high-throughput assay for GC-related m6A patterns based on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) remains limited. Here, a joint analysis of lncRNA m6A methylome and lncRNA/mRNA expression profiles in GC was performed to explore the regulatory roles of m6A modification in lncRNAs. Methods Three subjects with primary GC were enrolled in our study and paired sample was randomly selected from GC tissue and adjacent normal tissue for each case. Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation NextGeneration Sequencing (MeRIP-Seq) and Microarray Gene Expression Profiling was subsequently performed. Then co-expression analysis and gene enrichment analysis were successively conducted. Results After data analysis, we identified 191 differentially m6A-methylated lncRNAs, 240 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 229 differentially expressed mRNAs in GC. Furthermore, four differentially m6A-methylated and expressed lncRNAs (dme-lncRNAs) were discovered including RASAL2-AS1, LINC00910, SNHG7 and LINC01105. Their potential target genes were explored by co-expression analysis. And gene enrichment analysis suggested that they might influence the cellular processes and biological behaviors involved in mitosis and cell cycle. The potential impacts of these targets on GC cells were further validated by CCLE database and literature review. Conclusions Four novel dme-lncRNAs were identified in GC, which might exert regulatory roles on GC cell proliferation. The present study would provide clues for the lncRNA m6A methylation-based research on GC epigenetic etiology and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Lv
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Liping Sun
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Qian Xu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Chengzhong Xing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
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Rho GTPases: Big Players in Breast Cancer Initiation, Metastasis and Therapeutic Responses. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102167. [PMID: 32992837 PMCID: PMC7600866 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases, a family of the Ras GTPase superfamily, are key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton. They were originally thought to primarily affect cell migration and invasion; however, recent advances in our understanding of the biology and function of Rho GTPases have demonstrated their diverse roles within the cell, including membrane trafficking, gene transcription, migration, invasion, adhesion, survival and growth. As these processes are critically involved in cancer initiation, metastasis and therapeutic responses, it is not surprising that studies have demonstrated important roles of Rho GTPases in cancer. Although the majority of data indicates an oncogenic role of Rho GTPases, tumor suppressor functions of Rho GTPases have also been revealed, suggesting a context and cell-type specific function for Rho GTPases in cancer. This review aims to summarize recent progresses in our understanding of the regulation and functions of Rho GTPases, specifically in the context of breast cancer. The potential of Rho GTPases as therapeutic targets and prognostic tools for breast cancer patients are also discussed.
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40
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Magalhaes YT, Silva GET, Osaki JH, Rocha CRR, Forti FL. RHOAming Through the Nucleotide Excision Repair Pathway as a Mechanism of Cellular Response Against the Effects of UV Radiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:816. [PMID: 33015036 PMCID: PMC7509447 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Typical Rho GTPases include the enzymes RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 that act as molecular switches to regulate essential cellular processes in eukaryotic cells such as actomyosin dynamics, cell cycle, adhesion, death and differentiation. Recently, it has been shown that different conditions modulate the activity of these enzymes, but their functions still need to be better understood. Here we examine the interplay between RhoA and the NER (Nucleotide Excision Repair) pathway in human cells exposed to UVA, UVB or UVC radiation. The results show high levels and accumulation of UV-induced DNA lesions (strand breaks and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, CPDs) in different cells with RhoA loss of function (LoF), either by stable overexpression of negative dominant RhoA (RhoA-N19 mutant), by inhibition with C3 toxin or by transient silencing with siRNA. Cells under RhoA LoF showed reduced levels of γH2AX, p-Chk1 (Ser345) and p-p53 (Ser15) that reflected causally in their accumulation in G1/S phases, in low survival rates and in reduced cell proliferation, also in accordance with the energy of applied UV light. Even NER-deficient cells (XPA, XPC) or DNA translesion synthesis (TLS)-deficient cells (XPV) showed substantial hypersensitivity to UV effects when previously submitted to RhoA LoF. In contrast, analyses of apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy and senescence revealed that all cells displaying normal levels of active RhoA (RhoA-GTP) are more resistant to UV-promoted cell death. This work reaffirms the role of RhoA protein signaling in protecting cells from damage caused by UV radiation and demonstrates relevant communicating mechanisms between actin cytoskeleton and genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli T Magalhaes
- Biomolecular Systems Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele E T Silva
- Biomolecular Systems Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana H Osaki
- Biomolecular Systems Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarissa R R Rocha
- DNA Repair Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio L Forti
- Biomolecular Systems Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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41
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Muciño-Olmos EA, Vázquez-Jiménez A, Avila-Ponce de León U, Matadamas-Guzman M, Maldonado V, López-Santaella T, Hernández-Hernández A, Resendis-Antonio O. Unveiling functional heterogeneity in breast cancer multicellular tumor spheroids through single-cell RNA-seq. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12728. [PMID: 32728097 PMCID: PMC7391783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity is an intrinsic characteristic of cancer. Even in isogenic tumors, cell populations exhibit differential cellular programs that overall supply malignancy and decrease treatment efficiency. In this study, we investigated the functional relationship among cell subtypes and how this interdependency can promote tumor development in a cancer cell line. To do so, we performed single-cell RNA-seq of MCF7 Multicellular Tumor Spheroids as a tumor model. Analysis of single-cell transcriptomes at two-time points of the spheroid growth, allowed us to dissect their functional relationship. As a result, three major robust cellular clusters, with a non-redundant complementary composition, were found. Meanwhile, one cluster promotes proliferation, others mainly activate mechanisms to invade other tissues and serve as a reservoir population conserved over time. Our results provide evidence to see cancer as a systemic unit that has cell populations with task stratification with the ultimate goal of preserving the hallmarks in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Andrés Muciño-Olmos
- PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.,Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aarón Vázquez-Jiménez
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ugo Avila-Ponce de León
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico.,PhD Program in Biological Sciences, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Meztli Matadamas-Guzman
- PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.,Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vilma Maldonado
- Epigenetic Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina, Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tayde López-Santaella
- Biología de Células Individuales (BIOCELIN), Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abrahan Hernández-Hernández
- Biología de Células Individuales (BIOCELIN), Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico. .,Coordinación de La Investigación Científica -Red de Apoyo a La Investigación, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Rho GTPases in Gynecologic Cancers: In-Depth Analysis toward the Paradigm Change from Reactive to Predictive, Preventive, and Personalized Medical Approach Benefiting the Patient and Healthcare. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051292. [PMID: 32443784 PMCID: PMC7281750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho guanosine triphospatases (GTPases) resemble a conserved family of GTP-binding proteins regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and several signaling pathways central for the cell. Rho GTPases create a so-called Ras-superfamily of GTPases subdivided into subgroups comprising at least 20 members. Rho GTPases play a key regulatory role in gene expression, cell cycle control and proliferation, epithelial cell polarity, cell migration, survival, and apoptosis, among others. They also have tissue-related functions including angiogenesis being involved in inflammatory and wound healing processes. Contextually, any abnormality in the Rho GTPase function may result in severe consequences at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. Rho GTPases also play a key role in tumorigenesis and metastatic disease. Corresponding mechanisms include a number of targets such as kinases and scaffold/adaptor-like proteins initiating GTPases-related signaling cascades. The accumulated evidence demonstrates the oncogenic relevance of Rho GTPases for several solid malignancies including breast, liver, bladder, melanoma, testicular, lung, central nervous system (CNS), head and neck, cervical, and ovarian cancers. Furthermore, Rho GTPases play a crucial role in the development of radio- and chemoresistance e.g. under cisplatin-based cancer treatment. This article provides an in-depth overview on the role of Rho GTPases in gynecological cancers, highlights relevant signaling pathways and pathomechanisms, and sheds light on their involvement in tumor progression, metastatic spread, and radio/chemo resistance. In addition, insights into a spectrum of novel biomarkers and innovative approaches based on the paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine are provided.
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43
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Humphries BA, Wang Z, Yang C. MicroRNA Regulation of the Small Rho GTPase Regulators-Complexities and Opportunities in Targeting Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1092. [PMID: 32353968 PMCID: PMC7281527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The small Rho GTPases regulate important cellular processes that affect cancer metastasis, such as cell survival and proliferation, actin dynamics, adhesion, migration, invasion and transcriptional activation. The Rho GTPases function as molecular switches cycling between an active GTP-bound and inactive guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound conformation. It is known that Rho GTPase activities are mainly regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs), GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs), GDP dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) and guanine nucleotide exchange modifiers (GEMs). These Rho GTPase regulators are often dysregulated in cancer; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a large family of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate protein-coding gene expression, have been shown to play important roles in cancer metastasis. Recent studies showed that miRNAs are capable of directly targeting RhoGAPs, RhoGEFs, and RhoGDIs, and regulate the activities of Rho GTPases. This not only provides new evidence for the critical role of miRNA dysregulation in cancer metastasis, it also reveals novel mechanisms for Rho GTPase regulation. This review summarizes recent exciting findings showing that miRNAs play important roles in regulating Rho GTPase regulators (RhoGEFs, RhoGAPs, RhoGDIs), thus affecting Rho GTPase activities and cancer metastasis. The potential opportunities and challenges for targeting miRNAs and Rho GTPase regulators in treating cancer metastasis are also discussed. A comprehensive list of the currently validated miRNA-targeting of small Rho GTPase regulators is presented as a reference resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock A. Humphries
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhishan Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 V A Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 V A Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
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Abstract
Glucose-induced (physiological) insulin secretion from the islet β-cell involves interplay between cationic (i.e., changes in intracellular calcium) and metabolic (i.e., generation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic second messengers) events. A large body of evidence affirms support for novel regulation, by G proteins, of specific intracellular signaling events, including actin cytoskeletal remodeling, transport of insulin-containing granules to the plasma membrane for fusion, and secretion of insulin into the circulation. This article highlights the following aspects of GPCR-G protein biology of the islet. First, it overviews our current understanding of the identity of a wide variety of G protein regulators and their modulatory roles in GPCR-G protein-effector coupling, which is requisite for optimal β-cell function under physiological conditions. Second, it describes evidence in support of novel, noncanonical, GPCR-independent mechanisms of activation of G proteins in the islet. Third, it highlights the evidence indicating that abnormalities in G protein function lead to islet β-cell dysregulation and demise under the duress of metabolic stress and diabetes. Fourth, it summarizes observations of potential beneficial effects of GPCR agonists in preventing/halting metabolic defects in the islet β-cell under various pathological conditions (e.g., metabolic stress and inflammation). Lastly, it identifies knowledge gaps and potential avenues for future research in this evolving field of translational islet biology. Published 2020. Compr Physiol 10:453-490, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaneyulu Kowluru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research in Diabetes, Biomedical Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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45
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Reduced RhoA expression enhances breast cancer metastasis with a concomitant increase in CCR5 and CXCR4 chemokines signaling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16351. [PMID: 31705019 PMCID: PMC6841971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of RhoA GTPases in breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis is unclear. Early studies within which mutations in RhoA were designed based on cancer-associated mutations in Ras supported an oncogene role for RhoA. However, recent whole-genome sequencing studies of cancers raised the possibility that RhoA may have a tumor suppression function. Here, using a syngeneic triple negative breast cancer murine model we investigated the physiological effects of reduced RhoA expression on breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. RhoA knockdown had no effect on primary tumor formation and tumor proliferation, concurring with our in vitro findings where reduced RhoA had no effect on breast cancer cell proliferation and clonogenic growth. In contrast, primary tumors with RhoA knockdown efficiently invaded sentinel lymph nodes and significantly metastasized to lungs compared to control tumors. Mechanistically, the current study demonstrated that this is achieved by promoting a pro-tumor microenvironment, with increased cancer-associated fibroblasts and macrophage infiltration, and by modulating the CCL5-CCR5 and CXCL12-CXCR4 chemokine axes in the primary tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first such mechanistic study in breast cancer showing the ability of RhoA to suppress chemokine receptor expression in breast tumor cells. Our work suggests a physiological lung and lymph node metastasis suppressor role for RhoA GTPase in breast cancer.
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46
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Yin C, Toiyama Y, Okugawa Y, Shigemori T, Yamamoto A, Ide S, Kitajima T, Fujikawa H, Yasuda H, Okita Y, Hiro J, Yoshiyama S, Ohi M, Araki T, Yao L, Kusunoki M. Rac GTPase-Activating Protein 1 (RACGAP1) as an Oncogenic Enhancer in Esophageal Carcinoma. Oncology 2019; 97:155-163. [PMID: 31216559 DOI: 10.1159/000500592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 (RACGAP1) is associated with cell proliferation, and there is much evidence of its oncogenic role. This study investigated the clinical importance and functional role of RACGAP1 in esophageal carcinoma (EC). METHODS A total of 81 EC patients were enrolled in the study. We assessed the immunohistochemical score of EC tissues and adjacent normal esophageal mucosae, and then performed multiple cell function tests by means of in vitro experiments to elucidate the functional role of RACGAP1 using RNA interference technology in EC cell lines. RESULTS RACGAP1 was significantly overexpressed in EC tissues compared with the adjacent normal esophageal mucosae (p < 0.0001). Moreover, RACGAP1 overexpression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival (p = 0.032) and disease-free survival (p = 0.012) in EC patients. High RACGAP1 expression was also significantly correlated with the presence of lymphatic invasion (p = 0.012), vessel invasion (p = 0.003), and advanced TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) stage (p = 0.046) in EC patients. In vitro analysis demonstrated that RACGAP1 was involved in the proliferation, tumorigenicity, invasion, migration, and anoikis resistance in EC cells. CONCLUSIONS RACGAP1 plays a pivotal role in EC development, suggesting that it could be used as an indicator of prognosis in EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzeng Yin
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.,Department of Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan,
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Tsunehiko Shigemori
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Shozo Ide
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Takahito Kitajima
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujikawa
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yasuda
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Okita
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Junichiro Hiro
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yoshiyama
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohi
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Araki
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Masato Kusunoki
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
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47
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Gutierrez E, Cahatol I, Bailey CAR, Lafargue A, Zhang N, Song Y, Tian H, Zhang Y, Chan R, Gu K, Zhang ACC, Tang J, Liu C, Connis N, Dennis P, Zhang C. Regulation of RhoB Gene Expression during Tumorigenesis and Aging Process and Its Potential Applications in These Processes. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060818. [PMID: 31200451 PMCID: PMC6627600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoB, a member of the Ras homolog gene family and GTPase, regulates intracellular signaling pathways by interfacing with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Ras, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt to modulate responses in cellular structure and function. Notably, the EGFR, Ras, and PI3K/Akt pathways can lead to downregulation of RhoB, while simultaneously being associated with an increased propensity for tumorigenesis. Functionally, RhoB, part of the Rho GTPase family, regulates intracellular signaling pathways by interfacing with EGFR, RAS, and PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and MYC pathways to modulate responses in cellular structure and function. Notably, the EGFR, Ras, and PI3K/Akt pathways can lead to downregulation of RhoB, while simultaneously being associated with an increased propensity for tumorigenesis. RHOB expression has a complex regulatory backdrop consisting of multiple histone deacetyltransferase (HDACs 1 and 6) and microRNA (miR-19a, -21, and -223)-mediated mechanisms of modifying expression. The interwoven nature of RhoB’s regulatory impact and cellular roles in regulating intracellular vesicle trafficking, cell motion, and the cell cycle lays the foundation for analyzing the link between loss of RhoB and tumorigenesis within the context of age-related decline in RhoB. RhoB appears to play a tissue-specific role in tumorigenesis, as such, uncovering and appreciating the potential for restoration of RHOB expression as a mechanism for cancer prevention or therapeutics serves as a practical application. An in-depth assessment of RhoB will serve as a springboard for investigating and characterizing this key component of numerous intracellular messaging and regulatory pathways that may hold the connection between aging and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eutiquio Gutierrez
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E 2nd Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1000 W Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
| | - Ian Cahatol
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E 2nd Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, Community Memorial Health System, 147 N Brent Street, Ventura, CA 93003, USA
| | - Cedric A R Bailey
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E 2nd Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 509 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Audrey Lafargue
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Naming Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hongwei Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ryan Chan
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kevin Gu
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Angel C C Zhang
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - James Tang
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Chunshui Liu
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nick Connis
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Phillip Dennis
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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48
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Romagnoli M, Cagnet S, Chiche A, Bresson L, Baulande S, de la Grange P, De Arcangelis A, Kreft M, Georges-Labouesse E, Sonnenberg A, Deugnier MA, Raymond K, Glukhova MA, Faraldo MM. Deciphering the Mammary Stem Cell Niche: A Role for Laminin-Binding Integrins. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:831-844. [PMID: 30905738 PMCID: PMC6450809 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins, which bind laminin, a major component of the mammary basement membrane, are strongly expressed in basal stem cell-enriched populations, but their role in controlling mammary stem cell function remains unclear. We found that stem cell activity, as evaluated in transplantation and mammosphere assays, was reduced in mammary basal cells depleted of laminin receptors containing α3- and α6-integrin subunits. This was accompanied by low MDM2 levels, p53 stabilization, and diminished proliferative capacity. Importantly, disruption of p53 function restored the clonogenicity of α3/α6-integrin-depleted mammary basal stem cells, while inhibition of RHO or myosin II, leading to decreased p53 activity, rescued the mammosphere formation. These data suggest that α3/α6-integrin-mediated adhesion plays an essential role in controlling the proliferative potential of mammary basal stem/progenitor cells through myosin II-mediated regulation of p53 and indicate that laminins might be important components of the mammary stem cell niche. α3- and α6-integrins are required for mammary basal stem cell function p53 is activated in mammary basal cells depleted of α3- and α6-integrins RHO and myosin II mediate p53 activation in α3- and α6-integrin-depleted cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Romagnoli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Cagnet
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Chiche
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laura Bresson
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Baulande
- Institut Curie Genomics of Excellence (ICGex) Platform, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Adèle De Arcangelis
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U1258/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Maaike Kreft
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Georges-Labouesse
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U1258/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Ange Deugnier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm, Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Karine Raymond
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm, Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marina A Glukhova
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm, Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marisa M Faraldo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm, Paris, 75013 Paris, France.
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49
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Ge Q, Lu M, Ju L, Qian K, Wang G, Wu CL, Liu X, Xiao Y, Wang X. miR-4324-RACGAP1-STAT3-ESR1 feedback loop inhibits proliferation and metastasis of bladder cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:3043-3055. [PMID: 30511377 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating cellular processes, we performed microarray analysis and revealed miR-4324 as one of the most differentially expressed miRNAs in bladder cancer (BCa). Then, we discovered that miR-4324 was a negative regulator of Rac GTPase activating protein 1 (RACGAP1) and that RACGAP1 functioned as an oncogenic protein in BCa. Our studies indicated that ectopic overexpression of miR-4324 in BCa cells significantly suppressed cell proliferation and metastasis and enhanced chemotherapy sensitivity to doxorubicin by repressing RACGAP1 expression. Further studies showed that estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) increased the expression of miR-4324 by binding to its promoter, while the downregulation of ESR1 in BCa was caused by hypermethylation of its promoter. p-STAT3 induced the enrichment of DNMT3B by binding to the ESR1 promoter and then induced methylation of the ESR1 promoter. In turn, RACGAP1 induced STAT3 phosphorylation, increasing p-STAT3 expression and promoting its translocation to the nucleus. Therefore, the miR-4324-RACGAP1-STAT3-ESR1 feedback loop could be a critical regulator of BCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Ge
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxin Lu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chin-Lee Wu
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Urological Clinical Research Center of Laparoscopy in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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Dai B, Zhang X, Shang R, Wang J, Yang X, Zhang H, Liu Q, Wang D, Wang L, Dou K. Blockade of ARHGAP11A reverses malignant progress via inactivating Rac1B in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:99. [PMID: 30545369 PMCID: PMC6293628 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular signaling events involving in high malignancy and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are extremely complicated. Blockade of currently known targets has not yet led to successful clinical outcome. More understanding about the regulatory mechanisms in HCC is necessary for developing new effective therapeutic strategies for HCC patients. Methods The expression of Rho GTPase-activating protein 11A (ARHGAP11A) was examined in human normal liver and HCC tissues. The correlations between ARHGAP11A expression and clinicopathological stage or prognosis in HCC patients were analyzed. ARHGAP11A was downregulated to determine its role in the proliferation, invasion, migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) development, and regulatory signaling of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Results ARHGAP11A exhibited high expression in HCC, and was significantly correlated with clinicopathological stage and prognosis in HCC patients. Moreover, ARHGAP11A facilitated Hep3B and MHCC97-H cell proliferation, invasion, migration and EMT development in vitro. ARHGAP11A knockdown significantly inhibited the in vivo growth and metastasis of HCC cells. Furthermore, ARHGAP11A directly interacted with Rac1B independent of Rho GTPase- activating activity. Rac1B blockade effectively interrupted ARHGAP11A-elicited HCC malignant phenotype. Meanwhile, upregulation of Rac1B reversed ARHGAP11A knockdown mediated mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) development in HCC cells. Conclusion ARHGAP11A facilitates malignant progression in HCC patients via ARHGAP11A-Rac1B interaction. The ARHGAP11A/Rac1B signaling could be a potential therapeutic target in the clinical treatment of HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0312-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Runze Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xisheng Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Desheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Kefeng Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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