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Chien YC, Yoon GM. Subcellular dynamics of ethylene signaling drive plant plasticity to growth and stress: Spatiotemporal control of ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2400043. [PMID: 38571390 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Volatile compounds, such as nitric oxide and ethylene gas, play a vital role as signaling molecules in organisms. Ethylene is a plant hormone that regulates a wide range of plant growth, development, and responses to stress and is perceived by a family of ethylene receptors that localize in the endoplasmic reticulum. Constitutive Triple Response 1 (CTR1), a Raf-like protein kinase and a key negative regulator for ethylene responses, tethers to the ethylene receptors, but undergoes nuclear translocation upon activation of ethylene signaling. This ER-to-nucleus trafficking transforms CTR1 into a positive regulator for ethylene responses, significantly enhancing stress resilience to drought and salinity. The nuclear trafficking of CTR1 demonstrates that the spatiotemporal control of ethylene signaling is essential for stress adaptation. Understanding the mechanisms governing the spatiotemporal control of ethylene signaling elements is crucial for unraveling the system-level regulatory mechanisms that collectively fine-tune ethylene responses to optimize plant growth, development, and stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chi Chien
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Gyeong Mee Yoon
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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2
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Napoli M, Deshpande AA, Chakravarti D, Rajapakshe K, Gunaratne PH, Coarfa C, Flores ER. Genome-wide p63-Target Gene Analyses Reveal TAp63/NRF2-Dependent Oxidative Stress Responses. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:264-278. [PMID: 38165157 PMCID: PMC10832605 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The p53 family member TP63 encodes two sets of N-terminal isoforms, TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms. They each regulate diverse biological functions in epidermal morphogenesis and in cancer. In the skin, where their activities have been extensively characterized, TAp63 prevents premature aging by regulating the quiescence and genomic stability of stem cells required for wound healing and hair regeneration, while ΔNp63 controls maintenance and terminal differentiation of epidermal basal cells. This functional diversity is surprising given that these isoforms share a high degree of similarity, including an identical sequence for a DNA-binding domain. To understand the mechanisms of the transcriptional programs regulated by each p63 isoform and leading to diverse biological functions, we performed genome-wide analyses using p63 isoform-specific chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA sequencing, and metabolomics of TAp63-/- and ΔNp63-/- mouse epidermal cells. Our data indicate that TAp63 and ΔNp63 physically and functionally interact with distinct transcription factors for the downstream regulation of their target genes, thus ultimately leading to the regulation of unique transcriptional programs and biological processes. Our findings unveil novel transcriptomes regulated by the p63 isoforms to control diverse biological functions, including the cooperation between TAp63 and NRF2 in the modulation of metabolic pathways and response to oxidative stress providing a mechanistic explanation for the TAp63 knock out phenotypes. SIGNIFICANCE The p63 isoforms, TAp63 and ΔNp63, control epithelial morphogenesis and tumorigenesis through the interaction with distinct transcription factors and the subsequent regulation of unique transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Division of Basic Science, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Avani A. Deshpande
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Division of Basic Science, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Elsa R. Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Division of Basic Science, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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3
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Mundhe D, Mishra R, Basu S, Dalal S, Kumar S, Teni T. ΔNp63 overexpression promotes oral cancer cell migration through hyperactivated Activin A signaling. Exp Cell Res 2023; 431:113739. [PMID: 37567436 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a common malignant tumor of the oral cavity that affects many countries with a prevalent distribution in the Indian subcontinent, with poor prognosis rate on account of locoregional metastases. Gain-of-function mutations in p53 and overexpression of its related transcription factor, p63 are both widely reported events in oral cancers. However, targeting these alterations remains a far-achieved aim due to lack of knowledge on their downstream signaling pathways. In the present study, we characterize the isoforms of p63 and using knockdown strategy, decipher the functions and oncogenic signaling of p63 in oral cancers. Using Microarray and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation experiments, we decipher a novel transcriptional regulatory axis between p63 and Activin A and establish its functional significance in migration of oral cancer cells. Using an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the Activin A pathway to attenuate oral cancer cell migration and invasion, we further demonstrate the targetability of this signaling axis. Our study highlights the oncogenic role of ΔNp63 - Activin A - SMAD2/3 signaling and provides a basis for targeting this oncogenic pathway in oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashree Mundhe
- Teni Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rupa Mishra
- Teni Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srikanta Basu
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sorab Dalal
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- BioCOS Life Sciences Private Limited, AECS Layout, B-Block, Singasandra, Hosur Road, 851/A, Bengaluru, 560068, Karnataka, India; Department of AIML- Computer Science, School of Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, 560068, Karnataka, India
| | - Tanuja Teni
- Teni Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India.
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4
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Oyelakin A, Sosa J, Nayak K, Glathar A, Gluck C, Sethi I, Tsompana M, Nowak N, Buck M, Romano RA, Sinha S. An integrated genomic approach identifies follistatin as a target of the p63-epidermal growth factor receptor oncogenic network in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad038. [PMID: 37492374 PMCID: PMC10365026 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although numerous putative oncogenes have been associated with the etiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the mechanisms by which these oncogenes and their downstream targets mediate tumor progression have not been fully elucidated. We performed an integrative analysis to identify a crucial set of targets of the oncogenic transcription factor p63 that are common across multiple transcriptomic datasets obtained from HNSCC patients, and representative cell line models. Notably, our analysis revealed FST which encodes follistatin, a secreted glycoprotein that inhibits the transforming growth factor TGFβ/activin signaling pathways, to be a direct transcriptional target of p63. In addition, we found that FST expression is also driven by epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR signaling, thus mediating a functional link between the TGF-β and EGFR pathways. We show through loss- and gain-of-function studies that FST predominantly imparts a tumor-growth and migratory phenotype in HNSCC cells. Furthermore, analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from HNSCC patients unveiled cancer cells as the dominant source of FST within the tumor microenvironment and exposed a correlation between the expression of FST and its regulators with immune infiltrates. We propose FST as a prognostic biomarker for patient survival and a compelling candidate mediating the broad effects of p63 on the tumor and its associated microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinsola Oyelakin
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Sosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kasturi Bala Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Glathar
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christian Gluck
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Isha Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Maria Tsompana
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Norma Nowak
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael Buck
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rose-Anne Romano
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Gupta J, Suliman M, Ali R, Margiana R, Hjazi A, Alsaab HO, Qasim MT, Hussien BM, Ahmed M. Double-edged sword role of miRNA-633 and miRNA-181 in human cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154701. [PMID: 37542859 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the function and mode of operation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer is of growing interest. The short non-coding RNAs known as miRNAs, which target mRNA in multicellular organisms, are described as controlling essential cellular processes. The miR-181 family and miR-633 are well-known miRNAs that play a key role in the development and metastasis of tumor cells. They may facilitate either tumor-suppressive or oncogenic function in malignant cells, according to mounting evidence. Metastatic cells that are closely linked to cancer cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis can be identified by abnormal levels of miR-181 and miR-633. Numerous studies have demonstrated their capacity to control drug resistance, cell growth, apoptosis, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis process. Interestingly, the levels of miR-181 and miR-633 and their potential target genes in the basic cellular process can vary depending on the type of cancer cells and their gene expression profile. Such miRNAs' interactions with other non-coding RNAs such as long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs can influence tumor behaviors. Herein, we concentrated on the multifaceted roles of miR-181 and miR-633 and potential targets in human tumorigenesis, ranging from cell growth and metastasis to drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, U. P., India.
| | - Muath Suliman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rida Ali
- Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Andrology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maytham T Qasim
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Beneen M Hussien
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Muhja Ahmed
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
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6
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Glathar AR, Oyelakin A, Nayak KB, Sosa J, Romano RA, Sinha S. A Systemic and Integrated Analysis of p63-Driven Regulatory Networks in Mouse Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:446. [PMID: 36672394 PMCID: PMC9856320 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity and is linked to tobacco exposure, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus infection. Despite therapeutic advances, a lack of molecular understanding of disease etiology, and delayed diagnoses continue to negatively affect survival. The identification of oncogenic drivers and prognostic biomarkers by leveraging bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets of OSCC can lead to more targeted therapies and improved patient outcomes. However, the generation, analysis, and continued utilization of additional genetic and genomic tools are warranted. Tobacco-induced OSCC can be modeled in mice via 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), which generates a spectrum of neoplastic lesions mimicking human OSCC and upregulates the oncogenic master transcription factor p63. Here, we molecularly characterized established mouse 4NQO treatment-derived OSCC cell lines and utilized RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing to uncover the global p63 gene regulatory and signaling network. We integrated our p63 datasets with published bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing of mouse 4NQO-treated tongue and esophageal tumors, respectively, to generate a p63-driven gene signature that sheds new light on the role of p63 in murine OSCC. Our analyses reveal known and novel players, such as COTL1, that are regulated by p63 and influence various oncogenic processes, including metastasis. The identification of new sets of potential biomarkers and pathways, some of which are functionally conserved in human OSCC and can prognosticate patient survival, offers new avenues for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ruth Glathar
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Akinsola Oyelakin
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Kasturi Bala Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Jennifer Sosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Rose-Anne Romano
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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7
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Rodriguez Calleja L, Lavaud M, Tesfaye R, Brounais-Le-Royer B, Baud’huin M, Georges S, Lamoureux F, Verrecchia F, Ory B. The p53 Family Members p63 and p73 Roles in the Metastatic Dissemination: Interactions with microRNAs and TGFβ Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235948. [PMID: 36497429 PMCID: PMC9741383 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 (TP53), p73 (TP73), and p63 (TP63) are members of the p53 transcription factor family, which has many activities spanning from embryonic development through to tumor suppression. The utilization of two promoters and alternative mRNA splicing has been shown to yield numerous isoforms in p53, p63, and p73. TAp73 is thought to mediate apoptosis as a result of nuclear accumulation following chemotherapy-induced DNA damage, according to a number of studies. Overexpression of the nuclear ΔNp63 and ΔNp73 isoforms, on the other hand, suppresses TAp73's pro-apoptotic activity in human malignancies, potentially leading to metastatic spread or inhibition. Another well-known pathway that has been associated to metastatic spread is the TGF pathway. TGFs are a family of structurally related polypeptide growth factors that regulate a variety of cellular functions including cell proliferation, lineage determination, differentiation, motility, adhesion, and cell death, making them significant players in development, homeostasis, and wound repair. Various studies have already identified several interactions between the p53 protein family and the TGFb pathway in the context of tumor growth and metastatic spread, beginning to shed light on this enigmatic intricacy.
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Wang Y, Lu H, Wang Z, Li Y, Chen X. TGF-β1 Promotes Autophagy and Inhibits Apoptosis in Breast Cancer by Targeting TP63. Front Oncol 2022; 12:865067. [PMID: 35480110 PMCID: PMC9035888 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.865067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is a prevalent female cancer, which has high morbidity and mortality. However, the pathogenesis of BC has not been fully elucidated. Studies have shown that TGF-β1 plays an important role in regulating the balance between autophagy and apoptosis of tumor. We aim to clarify the specific mechanism of autophagy and apoptosis in breast cancer maintaining the tumor microenvironment.MethodsThe clinical characteristics of 850 BC patients were retrieved from the TCGA database. Differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) between tumor and normal tissues were obtained by the Wilcox test. Through Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the prognostic risk model was constructed and verified by the ROC curve. We used MDC staining, colony formation assay, CCK-8, flow cytometric analysis to confirm the importance of TGF-β1 on the autophagy and apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, western blot was performed to determine the relative expression of protein. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter database was utilized to identify the prognostic value of TP63.ResultsWe successfully constructed a prognostic risk model of breast cancer and screened out an autophagy-related prognostic gene -TP63. We predicted that TGF-β1 and TP63 have a binding site in the JASPAR database as expected. Additionally, TGF-β1 promoted autophagy and inhibited apoptosis of breast cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of TP63.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that the molecular mechanism of TGF-β/TP63 signaling in regulating autophagy and apoptosis of breast cancer and provided a potential prognostic marker in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Zhongrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province College of Electron and Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yueguo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yueguo Li, ; Xiaoying Chen,
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yueguo Li, ; Xiaoying Chen,
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9
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Mechanical transmission enables EMT cancer cells to drive epithelial cancer cell migration to guide tumor spheroid disaggregation. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2031-2049. [PMID: 35366152 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell phenotype heterogeneity within tumor tissue, especially which due to the emergence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells, is associated with cancer invasion and metastasis. However, our understanding of the cellular mechanism(s) underlying the cooperation between EMT cell and epithelial cancer cell migration remains incomplete. Herein, heterotypic tumor spheroids containing both epithelial and EMT cancer cells were generated in vitro. We observed that EMT cells dominated the peripheral region of the self-organized heterotypic tumor spheroid. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that EMT cells could serve as leader cells to improve the collective migration efficiency of epithelial cancer cells and promote dispersion and invasion of the tumor spheroids, which was regulated by the force transition between EMT cells and epithelial cancer cells. Mechanistically, our data further suggest that force transmission is mediated by heterophilic N-cadherin/E-cadherin adhesion complexes between EMT and epithelial cancer cells. Impairment of N-cadherin/E-cadherin adhesion complex formation abrogated the ability of EMT cells to guide epithelial cancer cell migration and blocked the dispersion of tumor spheroids. Together, our data provide new insight into the mechanical interaction between epithelial and EMT cancer cells through heterophilic cadherin adhesion, which enables cooperative tumor cell migration, highlighting the role of EMT cells in tumor invasion.
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ΔNp63 regulates a common landscape of enhancer associated genes in non-small cell lung cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:614. [PMID: 35105868 PMCID: PMC8807845 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct lung stem cells give rise to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). ΔNp63, the p53 family member and p63 isoform, guides the maturation of these stem cells through the regulation of their self-renewal and terminal differentiation; however, the underlying mechanistic role regulated by ∆Np63 in lung cancer development has remained elusive. By utilizing a ΔNp63-specific conditional knockout mouse model and xenograft models of LUAD and LUSC, we found that ∆Np63 promotes non-small cell lung cancer by maintaining the lung stem cells necessary for lung cancer cell initiation and progression in quiescence. ChIP-seq analysis of lung basal cells, alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, and LUAD reveals robust ∆Np63 regulation of a common landscape of enhancers of cell identity genes. Importantly, one of these genes, BCL9L, is among the enhancer associated genes regulated by ∆Np63 in Kras-driven LUAD and mediates the oncogenic effects of ∆Np63 in both LUAD and LUSC. Accordingly, high BCL9L levels correlate with poor prognosis in LUAD patients. Taken together, our findings provide a unifying oncogenic role for ∆Np63 in both LUAD and LUSC through the regulation of a common landscape of enhancer associated genes. The mechanistic role regulated by the oncogene ∆Np63 in lung cancer development is currently unclear. Here, the authors show that ΔNp63 is pro-tumorigenic in lung adenocarcinoma as well as squamous cell carcinoma, and maintains lung cancer progenitor cells via regulation of super-enhancer-associated genes, including BCL9L
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11
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Chalmers FE, Dusold JE, Shaik JA, Walsh HA, Glick AB. Targeted deletion of TGFβ1 in basal keratinocytes causes profound defects in stratified squamous epithelia and aberrant melanocyte migration. Dev Biol 2022; 485:9-23. [PMID: 35227671 PMCID: PMC8969113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGFβ1) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates proliferation, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of epithelial cells. While its role in cancer is well studied, less is known about TGFβ1 and regulation of epithelial development. To address this, we deleted TGFβ1 in basal keratinocytes of stratified squamous epithelia. Newborn mice with a homozygous TGFβ1 deletion had significant defects in proliferation and differentiation of the epidermis and oral mucosa, and died shortly after birth. Hair follicles were sparse in TGFβ1 depleted skin and had delayed development. Additionally, the Wnt pathway transcription factor LEF1 was reduced in hair follicle bulbs and nearly absent from the basal epithelial layer. Hemizygous knockout mice survived to adulthood but were runted and had sparse coats. The skin of these mice had irregular hair follicle morphology and aberrant hair cycle progression, as well as abnormally high melanin expression and delayed melanocyte migration. In contrast to newborn TGFβ1 null mice, the epidermis was hyperproliferative, acanthotic and inflamed. Expression of p63, a master regulator of stratified epithelial identity, proliferation and differentiation, was reduced in TGFβ1 null newborn epidermis but expanded in the postnatal acanthotic epidermis of TGFβ1 hemizygous mice. Thus, TGFβ1 is both essential and haploinsufficient with context dependent roles in stratified squamous epithelial development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Chalmers
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Justyn E Dusold
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Javed A Shaik
- Dermatology Department, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Hailey A Walsh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Adam B Glick
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, USA.
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12
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Jia W, Jolly MK, Levine H. NRF2-dependent Epigenetic Regulation can Promote the Hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal Phenotype. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:828250. [PMID: 35118079 PMCID: PMC8803900 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.828250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process critical for wound healing, cancer metastasis and embryonic development. Recent efforts have identified the role of hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal states, having both epithelial and mesehncymal traits, in enabling cancer metastasis and resistance to various therapies. Also, previous work has suggested that NRF2 can act as phenotypic stability factor to help stablize such hybrid states. Here, we incorporate a phenomenological epigenetic feedback effect into our previous computational model for EMT signaling. We show that this type of feedback can stabilize the hybrid state as compared to the fully mesenchymal phenotype if NRF2 can influence SNAIL at an epigenetic level, as this link makes transitions out of hybrid state more difficult. However, epigenetic regulation on other NRF2-related links do not significantly change the EMT dynamics. Finally, we considered possible cell division effects in our epigenetic regulation model, and our results indicate that the degree of epigenetic inheritance does not appear to be a critical factor for the hybrid E/M state stabilizing behavior of NRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jia
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Mohit Kumar Jolly, ; Herbert Levine,
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Mohit Kumar Jolly, ; Herbert Levine,
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13
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Subbalakshmi AR, Sahoo S, McMullen I, Saxena AN, Venugopal SK, Somarelli JA, Jolly MK. KLF4 Induces Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition (MET) by Suppressing Multiple EMT-Inducing Transcription Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5135. [PMID: 34680284 PMCID: PMC8533753 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity (EMP) refers to reversible dynamic processes where cells can transition from epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) or from mesenchymal to epithelial (MET) phenotypes. Both these processes are modulated by multiple transcription factors acting in concert. While EMT-inducing transcription factors (TFs)-TWIST1/2, ZEB1/2, SNAIL1/2/3, GSC, and FOXC2-are well-characterized, the MET-inducing TFs are relatively poorly understood (OVOL1/2 and GRHL1/2). Here, using mechanism-based mathematical modeling, we show that transcription factor KLF4 can delay the onset of EMT by suppressing multiple EMT-TFs. Our simulations suggest that KLF4 overexpression can promote a phenotypic shift toward a more epithelial state, an observation suggested by the negative correlation of KLF4 with EMT-TFs and with transcriptomic-based EMT scoring metrics in cancer cell lines. We also show that the influence of KLF4 in modulating the EMT dynamics can be strengthened by its ability to inhibit cell-state transitions at the epigenetic level. Thus, KLF4 can inhibit EMT through multiple parallel paths and can act as a putative MET-TF. KLF4 associates with the patient survival metrics across multiple cancers in a context-specific manner, highlighting the complex association of EMP with patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayalur Raghu Subbalakshmi
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; (A.R.S.); (S.S.); (S.K.V.)
| | - Sarthak Sahoo
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; (A.R.S.); (S.S.); (S.K.V.)
| | | | | | - Sudhanva Kalasapura Venugopal
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; (A.R.S.); (S.S.); (S.K.V.)
| | - Jason A. Somarelli
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; (A.R.S.); (S.S.); (S.K.V.)
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14
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Pokorná Z, Vysloužil J, Hrabal V, Vojtěšek B, Coates PJ. The foggy world(s) of p63 isoform regulation in normal cells and cancer. J Pathol 2021; 254:454-473. [PMID: 33638205 DOI: 10.1002/path.5656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The p53 family member p63 exists as two major protein variants (TAp63 and ΔNp63) with distinct expression patterns and functional properties. Whilst downstream target genes of p63 have been studied intensively, how p63 variants are themselves controlled has been relatively neglected. Here, we review advances in understanding ΔNp63 and TAp63 regulation, highlighting their distinct pathways. TAp63 has roles in senescence and metabolism, and in germ cell genome maintenance, where it is activated post-transcriptionally by phosphorylation cascades after DNA damage. The function and regulation of TAp63 in mesenchymal and haematopoietic cells is less clear but may involve epigenetic control through DNA methylation. ΔNp63 functions to maintain stem/progenitor cells in various epithelia and is overexpressed in squamous and certain other cancers. ΔNp63 is transcriptionally regulated through multiple enhancers in concert with chromatin modifying proteins. Many signalling pathways including growth factors, morphogens, inflammation, and the extracellular matrix influence ΔNp63 levels, with inconsistent results reported. There is also evidence for reciprocal regulation, including ΔNp63 activating its own transcription. ΔNp63 is downregulated during cell differentiation through transcriptional regulation, while post-transcriptional events cause proteasomal degradation. Throughout the review, we identify knowledge gaps and highlight discordances, providing potential explanations including cell-context and cell-matrix interactions. Identifying individual p63 variants has roles in differential diagnosis and prognosis, and understanding their regulation suggests clinically approved agents for targeting p63 that may be useful combination therapies for selected cancer patients. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Pokorná
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vysloužil
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Hrabal
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Borˇivoj Vojtěšek
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Philip J Coates
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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15
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Niu M, He Y, Xu J, Ding L, He T, Yi Y, Fu M, Guo R, Li F, Chen H, Chen YG, Xiao ZXJ. Noncanonical TGF-β signaling leads to FBXO3-mediated degradation of ΔNp63α promoting breast cancer metastasis and poor clinical prognosis. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001113. [PMID: 33626035 PMCID: PMC7939357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a critical role in promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration, invasion, and tumor metastasis. ΔNp63α, the major isoform of p63 protein expressed in epithelial cells, is a key transcriptional regulator of cell adhesion program and functions as a critical metastasis suppressor. It has been documented that the expression of ΔNp63α is tightly controlled by oncogenic signaling and is frequently reduced in advanced cancers. However, whether TGF-β signaling regulates ΔNp63α expression in promoting metastasis is largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that activation of TGF-β signaling leads to stabilization of E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXO3, which, in turn, targets ΔNp63α for proteasomal degradation in a Smad-independent but Erk-dependent manner. Knockdown of FBXO3 or restoration of ΔNp63α expression effectively rescues TGF-β-induced EMT, cell motility, and tumor metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, clinical analyses reveal a significant correlation among TGF-β receptor I (TβRI), FBXO3, and p63 protein expression and that high expression of TβRI/FBXO3 and low expression of p63 are associated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS). Together, these results demonstrate that FBXO3 facilitates ΔNp63α degradation to empower TGF-β signaling in promoting tumor metastasis and that the TβRI-FBXO3-ΔNp63α axis is critically important in breast cancer development and clinical prognosis. This study suggests that FBXO3 may be a potential therapeutic target for advanced breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Niu
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajun He
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangping Ding
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao He
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Yi
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Fu
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongtian Guo
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengtian Li
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Jim Xiao
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Saxena K, Jolly MK, Balamurugan K. Hypoxia, partial EMT and collective migration: Emerging culprits in metastasis. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100845. [PMID: 32781367 PMCID: PMC7419667 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular biological process involved in migration of primary cancer cells to secondary sites facilitating metastasis. Besides, EMT also confers properties such as stemness, drug resistance and immune evasion which can aid a successful colonization at the distant site. EMT is not a binary process; recent evidence suggests that cells in partial EMT or hybrid E/M phenotype(s) can have enhanced stemness and drug resistance as compared to those undergoing a complete EMT. Moreover, partial EMT enables collective migration of cells as clusters of circulating tumor cells or emboli, further endorsing that cells in hybrid E/M phenotypes may be the 'fittest' for metastasis. Here, we review mechanisms and implications of hybrid E/M phenotypes, including their reported association with hypoxia. Hypoxia-driven activation of HIF-1α can drive EMT. In addition, cyclic hypoxia, as compared to acute or chronic hypoxia, shows the highest levels of active HIF-1α and can augment cancer aggressiveness to a greater extent, including enriching for a partial EMT phenotype. We also discuss how metastasis is influenced by hypoxia, partial EMT and collective cell migration, and call for a better understanding of interconnections among these mechanisms. We discuss the known regulators of hypoxia, hybrid EMT and collective cell migration and highlight the gaps which needs to be filled for connecting these three axes which will increase our understanding of dynamics of metastasis and help control it more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Saxena
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Kuppusamy Balamurugan
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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17
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Peng W, Li JD, Zeng JJ, Zou XP, Tang D, Tang W, Rong MH, Li Y, Dai WB, Tang ZQ, Feng ZB, Chen G. Clinical value and potential mechanisms of COL8A1 upregulation in breast cancer: a comprehensive analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:392. [PMID: 32818022 PMCID: PMC7427770 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The situation faced by breast cancer patients, especially those with triple-negative breast cancer, is still grave. More effective therapeutic targets are needed to optimize the clinical management of breast cancer. Although collagen type VIII alpha 1 chain (COL8A1) has been shown to be downregulated in BRIP1-knockdown breast cancer cells, its clinical role in breast cancer remains unknown. Methods Gene microarrays and mRNA sequencing data were downloaded and integrated into larger matrices based on various platforms. Therefore, this is a multi-centered study, which contains 5048 breast cancer patients and 1161 controls. COL8A1 mRNA expression in breast cancer was compared between molecular subtypes. In-house immunohistochemistry staining was used to evaluate the protein expression of COL8A1 in breast cancer. A diagnostic test was performed to assess its clinical value. Furthermore, based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and co-expressed genes (CEGs) positively related to COL8A1, functional enrichment analyses were performed to explore the biological function and potential molecular mechanisms of COL8A1 underlying breast cancer. Results COL8A1 expression was higher in breast cancer patients than in control samples (standardized mean difference = 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55–1.03). Elevated expression was detected in various molecular subtypes of breast cancer. An area under a summary receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80 (95% CI 0.76–0.83) with sensitivity of 0.77 (95% CI 0.69–0.83) and specificity of 0.70 (95% CI 0.61–0.78) showed moderate capacity of COL8A1 in distinguishing breast cancer patients from control samples. Worse overall survival was found in the higher than in the lower COL8A1 expression groups. Intersected DEGs and CEGs positively related to COL8A1 were significantly clustered in the proteoglycans in cancer and ECM-receptor interaction pathways. Conclusions Elevated COL8A1 may promote the migration of breast cancer by mediating the ECM-receptor interaction and synergistically interplaying with DEGs and its positively related CEGs independently of molecular subtypes. Several genes clustered in the proteoglycans in cancer pathway are potential targets for developing effective agents for triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, NO.6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Di Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, NO.6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, NO.6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, NO.6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 People's Republic of China
| | - Deng Tang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, NO.6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, NO.71, Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Hua Rong
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, NO.71, Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pathology, Qinzhou First People's Hospital, NO.8, Ming Yang Street, Qinzhou, Guangxi 535001 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Dai
- Department of Pathology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, NO.8, Wenchang Road, Chengzhong District, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545006 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Qing Tang
- Department of Pathology, Wuzhou Workers' Hospital, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, NO.1, Nansanxiang Gaodi Road, Wuzhou, 543000 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Bo Feng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, NO.6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, NO.6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 People's Republic of China
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