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Ponomarenko I, Pasenov K, Churnosova M, Sorokina I, Aristova I, Churnosov V, Ponomarenko M, Reshetnikova Y, Reshetnikov E, Churnosov M. Obesity-Dependent Association of the rs10454142 PPP1R21 with Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:818. [PMID: 38672173 PMCID: PMC11048332 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to find a link between the breast cancer (BC)-risk effects of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-associated polymorphisms and obesity. The study was conducted on a sample of 1498 women (358 BC; 1140 controls) who, depending on the presence/absence of obesity, were divided into two groups: obese (119 BC; 253 controls) and non-obese (239 BC; 887 controls). Genotyping of nine SHBG-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)-rs17496332 PRMT6, rs780093 GCKR, rs10454142 PPP1R21, rs3779195 BAIAP2L1, rs440837 ZBTB10, rs7910927 JMJD1C, rs4149056 SLCO1B1, rs8023580 NR2F2, and rs12150660 SHBG-was executed, and the BC-risk impact of these loci was analyzed by logistic regression separately in each group of obese/non-obese women. We found that the BC-risk effect correlated by GWAS with the SHBG-level polymorphism rs10454142 PPP1R21 depends on the presence/absence of obesity. The SHBG-lowering allele C rs10454142 PPP1R21 has a risk value for BC in obese women (allelic model: CvsT, OR = 1.52, 95%CI = 1.10-2.11, and pperm = 0.013; additive model: CCvsTCvsTT, OR = 1.71, 95%CI = 1.15-2.62, and pperm = 0.011; dominant model: CC + TCvsTT, OR = 1.95, 95%CI = 1.13-3.37, and pperm = 0.017) and is not associated with the disease in women without obesity. SNP rs10454142 PPP1R21 and 10 proxy SNPs have adipose-specific regulatory effects (epigenetic modifications of promoters/enhancers, DNA interaction with 51 transcription factors, eQTL/sQTL effects on five genes (PPP1R21, RP11-460M2.1, GTF2A1L, STON1-GTF2A1L, and STON1), etc.), can be "likely cancer driver" SNPs, and are involved in cancer-significant pathways. In conclusion, our study detected an obesity-dependent association of the rs10454142 PPP1R21 with BC in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia; (I.P.); (K.P.); (M.C.); (I.S.); (I.A.); (V.C.); (M.P.); (Y.R.); (E.R.)
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Ponomarenko I, Pasenov K, Churnosova M, Sorokina I, Aristova I, Churnosov V, Ponomarenko M, Reshetnikov E, Churnosov M. Sex-Hormone-Binding Globulin Gene Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk in Caucasian Women of Russia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2182. [PMID: 38396861 PMCID: PMC10888713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In our work, the associations of GWAS (genome-wide associative studies) impact for sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-level SNPs with the risk of breast cancer (BC) in the cohort of Caucasian women of Russia were assessed. The work was performed on a sample of 1498 women (358 BC patients and 1140 control (non BC) subjects). SHBG correlated in previously GWAS nine polymorphisms such as rs780093 GCKR, rs17496332 PRMT6, rs3779195 BAIAP2L1, rs10454142 PPP1R21, rs7910927 JMJD1C, rs4149056 SLCO1B1, rs440837 ZBTB10, rs12150660 SHBG, and rs8023580 NR2F2 have been genotyped. BC risk effects of allelic and non-allelic SHBG-linked gene SNPs interactions were detected by regression analysis. The risk genetic factor for BC developing is an SHBG-lowering allele variant C rs10454142 PPP1R21 ([additive genetic model] OR = 1.31; 95%CI = 1.08-1.65; pperm = 0.024; power = 85.26%), which determines 0.32% of the cancer variance. Eight of the nine studied SHBG-related SNPs have been involved in cancer susceptibility as part of nine different non-allelic gene interaction models, the greatest contribution to which is made by rs10454142 PPP1R21 (included in all nine models, 100%) and four more SNPs-rs7910927 JMJD1C (five models, 55.56%), rs17496332 PRMT6 (four models, 44.44%), rs780093 GCKR (four models, 44.44%), and rs440837 ZBTB10 (four models, 44.44%). For SHBG-related loci, pronounced functionality in the organism (including breast, liver, fibroblasts, etc.) was predicted in silico, having a direct relationship through many pathways with cancer pathophysiology. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the involvement of SHBG-correlated genes polymorphisms in BC risk in Caucasian women in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia; (I.P.); (K.P.); (M.C.); (I.S.); (I.A.); (V.C.); (M.P.); (E.R.)
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The effect of sex hormone-binding globulin gene polymorphisms on the serum level of SHBG hormone in the men with prostate cancer. Meta Gene 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Metwally FM, Elfiky AM, Sharaf NE, Rashad H. Evaluation of reproductive hormones in Egyptian workers occupationally exposed to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP): a cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 18:851-857. [PMID: 34008375 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is ubiquitous, known as an endocrine disruptor. DEHP is a widespread prevalence in general and occupational populations which raised great public concerns due to its potentially harmful health effects on the male reproductive system. We aimed to assess occupational levels of DEHP on gonadotropin and gonadal hormones including luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone (TT), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and evaluate its potential effects on Asp327Asn polymorphisms SHBG gene. METHODS We measured the levels of DEHP of 90 male workers in one of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) industry plant using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sex hormones were examined and Asp327Asn polymorphisms SHBG gene were detected by PCR-RFLP in all participants. RESULTS The workers were divided into low- and high- DEHP exposed groups based on the geometric mean (GM) levels (183.86 U/L) in serum. TT and TT: LH ratio were negatively correlated to DEHP levels (r=-0.213, p=0.038), (r=-0.225, p=0.027), respectively. The linear regression analysis revealed that a 10-fold increase of serum DEHP was found to be associated with 2.07 fold decreased in TT and a 2.26 fold decreased in TT/LH ratio. CONCLUSIONS Serum testosterone is negatively associated with DEHP exposure in occupational workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateheya M Metwally
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Elfiky
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neven E Sharaf
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend Rashad
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Farnoosh G, Saeedi-Boroujeni A, Jalali A, Keikhaei B, Mahmoudian-Sani MR. Polymorphisms in genes involved in breast cancer among Iranian patients. Per Med 2021; 18:153-169. [PMID: 33565318 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2020-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review gives a summary of the important genetic polymorphisms in breast cancer with a focus on people in Iran. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms were considered as breast cancer susceptibility polymorphisms within genes (STK15, ERRs, ESR1, p53, SEP15, AURKA, SHBG, SRC, FAS, VEGF, XRCC1, GST, NFκB1, XPC, XRCC3, sirtuin-3, NKG2D). Cytosine-adenine repeat (IGF-I), rs3877899, G-2548A, GGC (eRF3a/GSPT1), IVS2nt-124A/G have shown an increased risk of breast cancers and a decreased risk has been observed in 4G/5G (PAI-1), rs6505162, tri-nucleotide (GCG TGFBR1). We observed that the signaling pathways and antioxidant related genes are the main molecular processes associated with breast cancer progression. Further studies on types of polymorphisms in breast cancer could validate the prognostic value of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Farnoosh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Saeedi-Boroujeni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Immunology Today, Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Jalali
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Genetics, School of Medicine Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Bijan Keikhaei
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Kurnaz-Gomleksiz O, Akadam-Teker B, Bugra Z, Omer B, Yilmaz-Aydogan H. Genetic polymorphisms of the SHBG gene can be the effect on SHBG and HDL-cholesterol levels in Coronary Heart Disease: a case-control study. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4259-4269. [PMID: 31111369 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) level is positively associated with the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the SHBG gene variations (D356N, rs1799941, and P156L) on SHBG and HDL-C levels and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) risk. The SHBG D356 N (rs6259,G > A), P156L (rs6258,C > T), and rs1799941(G > A) polymorphisms were determined in 131 male CHD patients and 55 male controls by PCR-RFLP and real-time PCR techniques. SHGB levels were measured by Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). In the patients who had SHBG levels lower than threshold 35 nmol/l value, the risk of being HDL-C levels lower than threshold 0.90 mmol/l value was observed statistically significant (p = 0.017; OR 2.522, 95% CI 1.170-5.438). The rs1799941 GG was associated with increased CHD risk when compared with the A allele carriers (GA + AA) (p = 0.019, OR 2.222, 95% CI 1.130-4.371). In addition, the rs1799941 GG genotype and D356 N N allele were associated with lower SHBG in the CHD group (p < 0.01). The logistic regression analysis also revealed the rs1799941 GG genotype was significantly associated with low SHBG in CHD patients. It was observed that Haplotype-1(rs1799941 G allele-P156L P allele-D356 N D allele) was associated with increased CHD risk, while Haplotype-2 (rs1799941 rare A allele-P156L C allele- D356 N G allele) was correlated with the decreased CHD risk (p = 0.0167). Our findings suggest that there is a positive correlation between SHBG and HDL-C levels in CHD patients, and this association might be affected by SHBG gene variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Kurnaz-Gomleksiz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Vakıf Gureba C. Çapa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basak Akadam-Teker
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Vakıf Gureba C. Çapa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Zehra Bugra
- Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Omer
- Departments of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hulya Yilmaz-Aydogan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Vakıf Gureba C. Çapa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Zhang X, Sun L, Jin Z. Effect of placental sex hormone-binding globulin single nucleotide polymorphism rs6259 on protein and function in gestational diabetes mellitus. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2927-2934. [PMID: 29484425 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) has a key role in the occurrence and development of the gestational diab-etes mellitus (GDM). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6259 is a functional site in SHBG gene, which is suspected to regulate the SHBG level. The present study explored the placental SHBG SNP rs6259 distribution in Chinese pregnant women and the influence on placental SHBG concentrations, to assess the relationship of SHBG rs6259 in the occurrence and development of GDM. We screened the SHBG rs6259 allele in 210 healthy and 180 GDM gravidas by PCR-RFLP and restriction enzyme and measured placental SHBG concentrations in each genotypic group with western blot analysis. The mechanisms of SHBG rs6259 function were analyzed by cell culture, recombinant lentivirus transfection, real-time PCR, and western blot analysis. We found the differences of SHBG Asn327 allele frequency and the genotype distribution in GDM and control groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Western blot analysis results showed that the Asn327 allele group was associated with a higher placental SHBG level than the Asp327 allele homozygote group (P<0.05). In HTR8-SVneo cell transfection, the positive transfection groups (SHBG-rs6259 Asn) led to an obviously higher tendency of SHBG mRNA and protein expression than the negative control groups (SHBG-rs6259 Asp), the normal cell group, and the blank control group (blank lentivirus LV-5) (P<0.05). Our data, therefore, reflected that SHBG SNP rs6259 causes changes in placental SHBG concentration and may play a functional role in the molecular mechanisms of GDM etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
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Sato Y, Tajima A, Katsurayama M, Nozawa S, Yoshiike M, Koh E, Kanaya J, Namiki M, Matsumiya K, Tsujimura A, Komatsu K, Itoh N, Eguchi J, Imoto I, Yamauchi A, Iwamoto T. An independent validation study of three single nucleotide polymorphisms at the sex hormone-binding globulin locus for testosterone levels identified by genome-wide association studies. Hum Reprod Open 2017; 2017:hox002. [PMID: 30895971 PMCID: PMC6276698 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hox002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Study question Are the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2075230, rs6259 and rs727428 at the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) locus, which were identified by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for testosterone levels, associated with testosterone levels in Japanese men? Summary answer The SNP rs2075230, but not rs6259 and rs727428, is significantly associated with testosterone levels in Japanese men. What is already known Previous GWASs have revealed that rs2075230 is associated with serum testosterone levels in 3495 Chinese men and rs6259 and rs727428 are associated with serum testosterone levels in 3225 men of European ancestry. Study design, size, and duration This is an independent validation study of 1687 Japanese men (901 in Cohort 1 and 786 in Cohort 2). Participants/materials, setting and method Cohort 1 (20.7 ± 1.7 years old, mean ± SD) and Cohort 2 (31.2 ± 4.8 years) included samples obtained from university students and partners of pregnant women, respectively. The three SNPs were genotyped using either TaqMan probes or restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR. Blood samples were drawn from the cubital vein of the study participants in the morning, and total testosterone and SHBG levels were measured using a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. Association between each SNP and testosterone levels was evaluated by meta-analysis of the two Japanese male cohorts. Main results and the role of chance The age of the two cohorts was significantly different (P < 0.0001). We found that rs2075230 was significantly associated with serum testosterone levels (βSTD = 0.15, P = 7.2 × 10−6); however, rs6259 and rs727428 were not (βSTD = 0.17, P = 0.071; βSTD = 0.082, P = 0.017, respectively), after adjusting for multiple testing in a combined analysis of two Japanese male cohorts. Moreover, rs2075230, rs6259 and rs727428 were significantly associated with high SHBG levels (βSTD = 0.22, P = 3.4 × 10−12; βSTD = 0.23, P = 6.5 × 10−6 and βSTD = 0.21, P = 3.4 × 10−10, respectively). Large scale data Not applicable. Limitations, reasons for caution This study had differences in the age and background parameters of participants compared to those observed in previous GWASs. In addition, the average age of participants in the two cohorts in our study also differed from one another. Therefore, the average testosterone levels, which decrease with age, between studies or the two cohorts were different. Wider implications of the findings The three SNPs have a considerable effect on SHBG levels and hence may indirectly affect testosterone levels. Study funding/competing interests This study was supported partly by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan (1013201) (to T.I.), Grant-in-Aids for Scientific Research (C) (26462461) (to Y.S.) and (23510242) (to A.Ta.) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the European Union (BMH4-CT96-0314) (to T.I.) and the Takeda Science Foundation (to A.Ta.). There are no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Information Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Motoki Katsurayama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Information Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Shiari Nozawa
- Department of Urology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Miki Yoshiike
- Department of Urology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Eitetsue Koh
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Jiro Kanaya
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Mikio Namiki
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Matsumiya
- Department of Urology, Suita Tokushukai Hospital, 1-21 Senriokanishi, Suita 565-0814, Japan
| | - Akira Tsujimura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Komatsu
- Department of Urology, Harasanshinkai Hospital, 1-8 Taihaku-machi, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka 812-0033, Japan
| | - Naoki Itoh
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University S1 W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Jiro Eguchi
- Department of Urology, School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Aiko Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Information Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Teruaki Iwamoto
- Department of Urology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.,Center for Infertility and IVF, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasushiobara 329-2763, Japan
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Contribution of polymorphisms in ESR1, ESR2, FSHR, CYP19A1, SHBG, and NRIP1 genes to migraine susceptibility in Turkish population. J Genet 2016; 95:131-40. [PMID: 27019440 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Migraine, a highly prevalent headache disorder, is regarded as a polygenic multifactorial disease. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes that involved in sex hormone metabolism may comprise risk for migraine, but the results of previous genetic association studies are conflicting. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic variants in genes involved in oestrogen receptor and oestrogen hormone metabolism in a Turkish population. A total of 12 SNPs in the ESR1, ESR2, FSHR, CYP19A1, SHBG and NRIP1 genes were genotyped in 142 migraine cases and 141 nonmigraine controls, using a BioMark 96.96 dynamic array system. In addition, gene-gene interactions were analysed using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) methods. According to GMDR analysis, our results indicated that there was a significant association between migraine and gene-gene interaction among the CYP19A1, FSHR, ESR1 and NRIP1. Single-gene variant analysis showed that a significant association was observed between the TT genotype of rs10046 and migraine susceptibility.When the analysis was performed only in women, the GG genotype of rs2229741 was different between migraineurs and controls.When the female migraine patients were divided into two groups, migraine related to menstruation (MRM) or migraine not related to menstruation (MNRM), GG genotype of rs726281 was significantly associated with MRM. These results suggested that rs10046 could play a potential role in migraine susceptibility in Turkish population. Also, the rare GG genotype of rs726281 appears to influence migraine susceptibility in a recessive manner in MRM subgroup of female patients. In addition, variant GG genotype of rs2229741 may reduce the risk of migraine in Turkish women.
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Hammond GL. Plasma steroid-binding proteins: primary gatekeepers of steroid hormone action. J Endocrinol 2016; 230:R13-25. [PMID: 27113851 PMCID: PMC5064763 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active steroids are transported in the blood by albumin, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG). These plasma proteins also regulate the non-protein-bound or 'free' fractions of circulating steroid hormones that are considered to be biologically active; as such, they can be viewed as the 'primary gatekeepers of steroid action'. Albumin binds steroids with limited specificity and low affinity, but its high concentration in blood buffers major fluctuations in steroid concentrations and their free fractions. By contrast, SHBG and CBG play much more dynamic roles in controlling steroid access to target tissues and cells. They bind steroids with high (~nM) affinity and specificity, with SHBG binding androgens and estrogens and CBG binding glucocorticoids and progesterone. Both are glycoproteins that are structurally unrelated, and they function in different ways that extend beyond their transportation or buffering functions in the blood. Plasma SHBG and CBG production by the liver varies during development and different physiological or pathophysiological conditions, and abnormalities in the plasma levels of SHBG and CBG or their abilities to bind steroids are associated with a variety of pathologies. Understanding how the unique structures of SHBG and CBG determine their specialized functions, how changes in their plasma levels are controlled, and how they function outside the blood circulation provides insight into how they control the freedom of steroids to act in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey L Hammond
- Departments of Cellular & Physiological Sciences and Obstetrics & GynaecologyUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in HSD17B1, HSD17B2 and SHBG Genes with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 20:661-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Genetic variants in hormone-related genes and risk of breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69367. [PMID: 23935996 PMCID: PMC3720532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones play a key role in the development of breast cancer. Certain polymorphic variants (SNPs and repeat polymorphisms) in hormone-related genes are associated with sex hormone levels. However, the relationship observed between these genetic variants and breast cancer risk has been inconsistent. We conducted a case-control study nested within two prospective cohorts to assess the relationship between specific genetic variants in hormone-related genes and breast cancer risk. In total, 1164 cases and 2111 individually-matched controls were included in the study. We did not observe an association between potential functional genetic polymorphisms in the estrogen pathway, SHBG rs6259, ESR1 rs2234693, CYP19 rs10046 and rs4775936, and UGT1A1 rs8175347, or the progesterone pathway, PGR rs1042838, with the risk of breast cancer. Our results suggest that these genetic variants do not have a strong effect on breast cancer risk.
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Chandler K, Goldman R. Glycoprotein disease markers and single protein-omics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:836-45. [PMID: 23399550 PMCID: PMC3617330 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r112.026930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins are well represented among biomarkers for inflammatory and cancer diseases. Secreted and membrane-associated glycoproteins make excellent targets for noninvasive detection. In this review, we discuss clinically applicable markers of cancer diseases and methods for their analysis. High throughput discovery continues to supply marker candidates with unusual glycan structures, altered glycoprotein abundance, or distribution of site-specific glycoforms. Improved analytical methods are needed to unlock the potential of these discoveries in validated clinical assays. A new generation of targeted quantitative assays is expected to advance the use of glycoproteins in early detection of diseases, molecular disease classification, and monitoring of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chandler
- From the Departments of ‡Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology and
| | - Radoslav Goldman
- From the Departments of ‡Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology and
- ¶Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057
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Zhou JY, Shi R, Yu HL, Zheng WL, Ma WL. Association between SHBG Asp327Asn (rs6259) polymorphism and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 10,454 cases and 13,111 controls. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8307-14. [PMID: 22711300 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a plasma glycoprotein that plays an important role in breast cancer pathophysiology and risk definition, since it regulates the bioavailable fraction of circulating estradiol. Epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between SHBG Asp327Asn polymorphism and breast cancer risk in diverse populations. However, the results remain conflicting rather than conclusive. This meta-analysis of literatures was performed to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship. A total of 10 studies were identified for the meta-analysis, including 10,454 cases and 13,111 controls for SHBG Asp327Asn polymorphism. When all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis, there was no evidence for significant association between SHBG Asp327Asn polymorphism and breast cancer risk (for Asn/Asn vs. Asp/Asp: OR = 1.20, 95 % CI = 0.94-1.55; for Asp/Asn vs. Asp/Asp: OR = 0.94, 95 % CI = 0.87-1.01; for dominant model: OR = 0.95, 95 % CI = 0.90-1.02; for recessive model: OR = 1.22, 95 % CI = 0.95-1.57). In the subgroup analyses by ethnicity, menopausal status, and source of controls, no significant associations were found in all genetic models. Interestingly, further analyses stratified by menopausal status in different ethnicities revealed that this polymorphism might provide protective effects against breast cancer risk in postmenopausal Asian women (for dominant model: OR = 0.83, 95 % CI = 0.70-0.97). Sensitivity analyses were performed by sequential removal of individual studies and cumulative statistics have showed combined ORs were not materially altered by any individual study under all comparisons. In summary, this meta-analysis suggests that SHBG Asp327Asn polymorphism is not associated with breast cancer risk overall, while it might be an important genetic susceptibility factor in postmenopausal Asian women for developing breast cancer. Larger and well-designed studies are warranted to confirm our findings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue-Yu Zhou
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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15
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Lundin E, Wirgin I, Lukanova A, Afanasyeva Y, Krogh V, Axelsson T, Hemminki K, Clendenen TV, Arslan AA, Ohlson N, Sieri S, Roy N, Koenig KL, Idahl A, Berrino F, Toniolo P, Hallmans G, Försti A, Muti P, Lenner P, Shore RE, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A. Selected polymorphisms in sex hormone-related genes, circulating sex hormones and risk of endometrial cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 36:445-52. [PMID: 22633539 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of estrogen and progesterone in the development of endometrial cancer is well documented. Few studies have examined the association of genetic variants in sex hormone-related genes with endometrial cancer risk. METHODS We conducted a case-control study nested within three cohorts to examine the association of endometrial cancer risk with polymorphisms in hormone-related genes among 391 cases (92% postmenopausal at diagnosis) and 712 individually-matched controls. We also examined the association of these polymorphisms with circulating levels of sex hormones and SHBG in a cross-sectional analysis including 596 healthy postmenopausal women at blood donation (controls from this nested case-control study and from a nested case-control study of breast cancer in one of the three cohorts). RESULTS Adjusting for endometrial cancer risk factors, the A allele of rs4775936 in CYP19 was significantly associated (OR(per allele)=1.22, 95% CI=1.01-1.47, p(trend)=0.04), while the T allele of rs10046 was marginally associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer (OR(per allele)=1.20, 95% CI=0.99-1.45, p(trend)=0.06). PGR rs1042838 was also marginally associated with risk (OR(per allele)=1.25, 95% CI=0.96-1.61, p(trend)=0.09). No significant association was found for the other polymorphisms, i.e. CYP1B1 rs1800440 and rs1056836, UGT1A1 rs8175347, SHBG rs6259 and ESR1 rs2234693. Rs8175347 was significantly associated with postmenopausal levels of estradiol, free estradiol and estrone and rs6259 with SHBG and estradiol. CONCLUSION Our findings support an association between genetic variants in CYP19, and possibly PGR, and risk of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lundin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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16
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Mazumder R, Morampudi KS, Motwani M, Vasudevan S, Goldman R. Proteome-wide analysis of single-nucleotide variations in the N-glycosylation sequon of human genes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36212. [PMID: 22586465 PMCID: PMC3346765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is one of the most frequent post-translational modifications of proteins with a profound impact on their biological function. Besides other functions, N-linked glycosylation assists in protein folding, determines protein orientation at the cell surface, or protects proteins from proteases. The N-linked glycans attach to asparagines in the sequence context Asn-X-Ser/Thr, where X is any amino acid except proline. Any variation (e.g. non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism or mutation) that abolishes the N-glycosylation sequence motif will lead to the loss of a glycosylation site. On the other hand, variations causing a substitution that creates a new N-glycosylation sequence motif can result in the gain of glycosylation. Although the general importance of glycosylation is well known and acknowledged, the effect of variation on the actual glycoproteome of an organism is still mostly unknown. In this study, we focus on a comprehensive analysis of non-synonymous single nucleotide variations (nsSNV) that lead to either loss or gain of the N-glycosylation motif. We find that 1091 proteins have modified N-glycosylation sequons due to nsSNVs in the genome. Based on analysis of proteins that have a solved 3D structure at the site of variation, we find that 48% of the variations that lead to changes in glycosylation sites occur at the loop and bend regions of the proteins. Pathway and function enrichment analysis show that a significant number of proteins that gained or lost the glycosylation motif are involved in kinase activity, immune response, and blood coagulation. A structure-function analysis of a blood coagulation protein, antithrombin III and a protease, cathepsin D, showcases how a comprehensive study followed by structural analysis can help better understand the functional impact of the nsSNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Mazumder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) transports androgens and estrogens in blood and regulates their access to target tissues. Hepatic production of SHBG fluctuates throughout the life cycle and is influenced primarily by metabolic and hormonal factors. Genetic differences also contribute to interindividual variations in plasma SHBG levels. In addition to controlling the plasma distribution, metabolic clearance, and bioavailability of sex steroids, SHBG accumulates in the extravascular compartments of some tissues and in the cytoplasm of specific epithelial cells, where it exerts novel effects on androgen and estrogen action. In mammals, the gene-encoding SHBG is expressed primarily in the liver but also at low levels in other tissues, including the testis. In subprimate species, Shbg expression in Sertoli cells is under the control of follicle-stimulating hormone and produces the androgen-binding protein that influences androgen actions in the seminiferous tubules and epididymis. In humans, the SHBG gene is not expressed in Sertoli cells, but its expression in germ cells produces an SHBG isoform that accumulates in the acrosome. In fish, Shbg is produced by the liver but has a unique function in the gill as a portal for natural steroids and xenobiotics, including synthetic steroids. However, salmon have retained a second, poorly conserved Shbg gene that is expressed only in ovary, muscle, and gill and that likely exerts specialized functions in these tissues. The present review compares the production and functions of SHBG in different species and its diverse effects on reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey L Hammond
- Child & Family Research Institute and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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18
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Zhang B, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Lu W, Cai Q, Xiang YB, Zheng Y, Long J, Ye C, Gu K, Shu XO, Gao Y, Zheng W. Evaluation of functional genetic variants for breast cancer risk: results from the Shanghai breast cancer study. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 173:1159-70. [PMID: 21454829 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies among 1,144 cases and 1,256 controls recruited in stage 1 of the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study (SBCS I; 1996-1998), 18 known or potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 16 genes were found to be associated with breast cancer risk. The authors evaluated these associations among 1,918 cases and 1,819 controls recruited in stage 2 of the SBCS (SBCS II; 2002-2005) using genetic effect models and subgroup analyses predetermined from SBCS I results. Five SNPs (AHR rs2066853, ATM rs1003623, ESR1 rs2234693, GSTP1 rs1695, and SHBG rs6259) showed generally consistent results in SBCS I and SBCS II and statistically significant associations with breast cancer risk in combined analyses, mostly in subgroups defined by age or menopausal status. Further, the relation between breast cancer risk and SHBG rs6259 was found to vary by body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) (P for interaction = 0.003). The strongest reduction in risk associated with SHBG rs6259 was found for lean (body mass index <23) postmenopausal minor allele carriers (odds ratio = 0.6, 95% confidence interval: 0.5, 0.8; P = 4.6 × 10(-4)). This biologically plausible and highly significant finding provides strong evidence for a true association among Asian women. This study also highlights the value of gene-environment interaction analyses in evaluating genetic factors for complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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19
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Safarinejad MR, Shafiei N, Safarinejad S. Association of the (TAAAA)n repeat and Asp327Asn polymorphisms in the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) gene with idiopathic male infertility and relation to serum SHBG concentrations. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 123:37-45. [PMID: 20974254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 10/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is involved in delivering sex hormones to target tissues. We investigated the association between the (TAAAA)n repeat polymorphism, and Asp327Asn polymorphism in the SHBG gene with semen quality and idiopathic male infertility. We studied 168 men with idiopathic infertility [oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT)] and equal number of age-matched normal controls. The serum levels of SHBG, reproductive and thyroid hormones, and Inhibin B were measured. Semen parameters were also assessed. The genotype assays for the SHBG polymorphism were done using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Baseline SHBG levels tended to be lower in infertile men (21.1±7.2nmol/l) compared to normal fertile men (24.7±7.9nmol/l). SHBG levels tended to be higher among the subjects with the Asn/Asn (25.84±3.6nmol/l) and S/S (24.50±5.4nmol/l) genotypes compared to subjects with the Asp/Asn (24.38±3.2nmol/l) and L/L (18.44±4.2nmol/l) genotypes of the SHBG gene. The genotype frequencies of Asp/Asp were 80.9% in cases and 71.4% in controls (P=0.001). The variant Asp/Asn genotype was associated with a more than 50% reduced risk of infertility (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.25-0.80, P=0.001). Genotype analysis demonstrated six SHBG (TAAAA)n alleles with 6-11 repeats. Long SHBG (TAAAA)n alleles (>8 repeats) were at greater frequency in infertile men than fertile subjects (P=0.001), whereas short SHBG (TAAAA)n alleles (≤8 repeats) tended to be more frequent in fertile men than cases (P=0.001). Men with the 9/X TAAAA repeat genotype displayed a 2.82-fold increased risk of infertility (95% CI: 1.27-4.79, P=0.01). There were strong and significant positive correlations between plasma SHBG and sperm count (r=0.672, P=0.01), sperm motility (r=0.721, P=0.01) and sperm morphology (r=0.574, P=0.02). We concluded that the SHBG Asp237Asn and (TAAAA)n polymorphisms may influence SHBG levels and as a result, male infertility. Multicenter large scale studies are warranted to better elucidate the role of SHBG gene polymorphism in male infertility.
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20
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Iwasaki M, Hamada GS, Nishimoto IN, Netto MM, Motola J, Laginha FM, Kasuga Y, Yokoyama S, Onuma H, Nishimura H, Kusama R, Kobayashi M, Ishihara J, Yamamoto S, Hanaoka T, Tsugane S. Dietary isoflavone intake, polymorphisms in the CYP17, CYP19, 17beta-HSD1, and SHBG genes, and risk of breast cancer in case-control studies in Japanese, Japanese Brazilians, and non-Japanese Brazilians. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:466-75. [PMID: 20432167 DOI: 10.1080/01635580903441279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that polymorphisms in cytochrome P450c17alpha (CYP17), aromatase (CYP19), 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (17beta-HSD1) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) genes may modify the association between isoflavone intake and breast cancer risk. We conducted hospital-based, case-control studies in Nagano, Japan and Sao Paulo, Brazil. A total of 846 pairs (388 Japanese, 79 Japanese Brazilians, and 379 non-Japanese Brazilians) completed validated food frequency questionnaires. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP17 (rs743572), CYP19 (rs10046), 17beta-HSD1 (rs605059), and SHBG (rs6259) genes were genotyped. We found no association between the 4 SNPs and breast cancer risk. In combination analyses of isoflavone intake and SNPs, an inverse association between intake and risk was limited to women with at least one A allele of the rs605059 polymorphism for all 3 populations, albeit without statistical significance. For the rs6259 polymorphism, the inverse association was limited to postmenopausal Japanese with the GG genotype (odds ratio [OR] for highest vs. lowest tertile = 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29-0.87; P for trend < 0.01), and to non-Japanese Brazilians with at least one A allele (OR for consumers vs. nonconsumer = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.06-0.77). We found no remarkable difference for the rs743572 and rs10046 polymorphisms. Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in the 17beta-HSD1 and SHBG genes may modify the association between isoflavone intake and breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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21
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Xita N, Tsatsoulis A. Genetic variants of sex hormone-binding globulin and their biological consequences. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 316:60-5. [PMID: 19733622 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several hormonal and metabolic factors have been found to influence the production of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). In addition, twin studies have suggested that genetic factors may also contribute to variation in SHBG levels. Given the clinical significance of SHBG in regulating bioavailable sex steroid hormones, a number of studies examined the potential association between polymorphisms of SHBG gene and serum SHBG levels as well as their possible contribution in the pathogenesis of common diseases. Thus, polymorphisms of SHBG, altering either the production or the metabolism of the protein, may represent part of the genetic background of sex steroid hormone activity in humans. There is considerable heterogeneity in the results of these studies indicating the multiplicity of the factors influencing SHBG variation. However, the weight of evidence suggests that some common genetic variants of SHBG may influence SHBG levels and in part contribute to the phenotypic expression of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nectaria Xita
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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22
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Fortunati N, Catalano MG, Boccuzzi G, Frairia R. Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG), estradiol and breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 316:86-92. [PMID: 19770023 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The human serum Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) plays an important role in breast cancer pathophysiology and risk definition, since it regulates the bioavailable fraction of circulating estradiol. We here summarize data reported over the years concerning the involvement of SHBG and SHBG polymorphisms in the definition of breast cancer risk. We also report what is known about the direct action of SHBG in breast cancer cells, illustrating its interaction with these cells and the subsequent initiation of a specific intracellular pathway leading to cross-talk with the estradiol-activated pathway and, finally, to the inhibition of several effects of estradiol in breast cancer cells. In conclusion, as a result of its unique property of regulating the estrogen free fraction and cross-talking with the estradiol pathways, by inhibiting estradiol-induced breast cancer cell growth and proliferation, SHBG is associated with a reduced risk of developing the neoplasm after estrogen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fortunati
- Laboratory of Oncological Endocrinology, AUO San Giovanni Battista, Turin, Italy.
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23
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Napoli N, Varadharajan A, Rini GB, Del Fiacco R, Yarramaneni J, Mumm S, Villareal DT, Armamento-Villareal RC. Effects of polymorphisms of the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) gene on free estradiol and bone mineral density. Bone 2009; 45:1169-74. [PMID: 19679209 PMCID: PMC3689651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 08/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) gene are associated with differences in SHBG levels, influencing the risk for breast cancer and polycystic ovarian syndrome, but no association has been reported for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of G to A substitution in the 5'UTR (rs1799941) and the Asp356Asn (rs6259) polymorphisms of the SHBG gene on bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS This is a cross-sectional study in a university-based research center from May, 2002 to December, 2007. A total of two hundred and thirteen healthy postmenopausal Caucasian women > or = 1 year from last menstrual period participated to this study. Serum estradiol by ultrasensitive radioimmnunoassay, serum sex hormone-binding globulin by immunoradiometric assay, and urinary NTx by enzyme-linked immunoassay were measured. BMD measurements were performed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and genotyping by Pyrosequencing. RESULTS There were no significant differences in SHBG levels associated with either rs1799941 or rs6259. Using a p value of <0.00625 for significance, we found that subjects with the A allele (GA+AA) for the rs1799941, had a trend for lower free estradiol index (FEI) compared to the GG genotype (p=0.04). They also had significantly lower BMD at the intertrochanter (p=0.003) and trend for lower BMD at the total hip (p=0.02). There was no significant difference in FEI levels between the genotypes for the rs6259 polymorphism, but women with the Asn allele (Asp/Asn+Asn/Asn), had significantly lower BMD in the total femur (p=0.004) and intertrochanter (0.002) compared to those with the Asp/Asp genotype. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that polymorphisms of the SHBG gene are associated with significant differences in BMD at the proximal femur sites. Thus, genetic variations in the SHBG gene may influence BMD at the hip in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Napoli
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Division of Endocrinology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Ana Varadharajan
- Internal Medicine, St. Luke’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University ‘’La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Jayasree Yarramaneni
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Steven Mumm
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Dennis T. Villareal
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Ding EL, Song Y, Manson JE, Hunter DJ, Lee CC, Rifai N, Buring JE, Gaziano JM, Liu S. Sex hormone-binding globulin and risk of type 2 diabetes in women and men. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:1152-63. [PMID: 19657112 PMCID: PMC2774225 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0804381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 504] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating sex hormone-binding globulin levels are inversely associated with insulin resistance, but whether these levels can predict the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is uncertain. METHODS We performed a nested case-control study of postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Study who were not using hormone therapy (359 with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 359 controls). Plasma levels of sex hormone-binding globulin were measured; two polymorphisms of the gene encoding sex hormone-binding globulin, SHBG, that were robustly associated with the protein levels were genotyped and applied in mendelian randomization analyses. We then conducted a replication study in an independent cohort of men from the Physicians' Health Study II (170 with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 170 controls). RESULTS Among women, higher plasma levels of sex hormone-binding globulin were prospectively associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes: multivariable odds ratios were 1.00 for the first (lowest) quartile of plasma levels, 0.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08 to 0.33) for the second quartile, 0.04 (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.12) for the third quartile, and 0.09 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.21) for the fourth (highest) quartile (P<0.001 for trend). These prospective associations were replicated among men (odds ratio for the highest quartile of plasma levels vs. the lowest quartile, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.36; P<0.001 for trend). As compared with homozygotes of the respective wild-type allele, carriers of a variant allele of the SHBG single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6259 had 10% higher sex hormone-binding globulin levels (P=0.005), and carriers of an rs6257 variant had 10% lower plasma levels (P=0.004); variants of both SNPs were also associated with a risk of type 2 diabetes in directions corresponding to their associated sex hormone-binding globulin levels. In mendelian randomization analyses, the predicted odds ratio of type 2 diabetes per standard-deviation increase in the plasma level of sex hormone-binding globulin was 0.28 (95% CI, 0.13 to 0.58) among women and 0.29 (95% CI, 0.15 to 0.58) among men, a finding that suggests that sex hormone-binding globulin may have a causal role in the risk of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Low circulating levels of sex hormone-binding globulin are a strong predictor of the risk of type 2 diabetes in women and men. The clinical usefulness of both SHBG genotypes and plasma levels in stratification and intervention for the risk of type 2 diabetes warrants further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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25
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Polymorphisms in the BRCA1 and ABCB1 genes modulate menopausal hormone therapy associated breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 120:727-36. [PMID: 19672706 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Menopausal hormone therapy (HT) is associated with an increased breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women. In this study, we investigated genetic effect modification of HT associated breast cancer risk in 3,149 postmenopausal breast cancer patients and 5,489 controls from the two German population-based case-control studies MARIE and GENICA. Twenty-eight polymorphisms of 14 candidate genes including two drug and hormone transporter genes (ABCB1/MDR1 and SHBG), four genes involved in cell cycle regulation (BRCA1, P21/CDKN1A, STK15/AURKA and TP53), six cytokine genes (IGFBP3, IL6, TGFB1, TNF, LTA and IGF1), and two cytokine receptor genes (EGFR and ERBB2) were genotyped using validated methods. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess multiplicative statistical interaction between polymorphisms and duration of estrogen-progestagen therapy and estrogen monotherapy use with regard to breast cancer risk assuming log-additive and co-dominant modes of inheritance. Women homozygous for the major ABCB1_rs2214102_G allele were found to be at a significantly increased breast cancer risk associated with combined estrogen-progestagen therapy [odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-1.23, P (interaction) = 0.022]. Additionally, risk associated with estrogen monotherapy was modified by BRCA1_rs799917. We observed a trend with increasing minor T alleles leading to the highest risk in homozygous carriers of the minor allele [OR (95% CI) = 1.17 (0.98-1.39), 1.06 (0.98-1.14), and 1.02 (0.94-1.11) for homozygous minor, heterozygous, and homozygous major allele carriers, respectively; P (interaction) = 0.032]. Our results suggest that genetic variants in ABCB1 and BRCA1 may modify the effect of HT on postmenopausal breast cancer risk.
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Xu WH, Zheng W, Cai Q, Cheng JR, Cai H, Xiang YB, Shu XO. The Asp(327)Asn polymorphism in the sex hormone-binding globulin gene modifies the association of soy food and tea intake with endometrial cancer risk. Nutr Cancer 2009; 60:736-43. [PMID: 19005973 DOI: 10.1080/01635580802192833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the interactive effect of polymorphisms in the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) gene with soy isoflavones, tea consumption, and dietary fiber on endometrial cancer risk in a population-based, case-control study of 1,199 endometrial cancer patients and 1,212 controls. Genotyping of polymorphisms was performed by using TaqMan (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) assays (rs6259) or the Affymetrix MegAllele Targeted Genotyping System (Affymetrix, Inc., US) (rs13894, rs858521, and rs2955617). Dietary information was obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire. A logistic regression model was employed to compute adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We found that the Asp(327)Asn (rs6259) polymorphism was associated with decreased risk of endometrial cancer, particularly among postmenopausal women (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.62-1.00). This single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) modified associations of soy isoflavones and tea consumption but not fiber intake with endometrial cancer, with the inverse association of soy intake and tea consumption being more evident for those with the Asp/Asp genotype of the SHBG gene at Asp(327)Asn (rs6259), particularly premenopausal women (P(interaction) = 0.06 and 0.02, respectively, for soy isoflavones and tea intake). This study suggests that gene-diet interaction may play an important role in the etiology of endometrial cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, PR China
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Thompson DJ, Healey CS, Baynes C, Kalmyrzaev B, Ahmed S, Dowsett M, Folkerd E, Luben RN, Cox D, Ballinger D, Pharoah PDP, Ponder BAJ, Dunning AM, Easton DF. Identification of common variants in the SHBG gene affecting sex hormone-binding globulin levels and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 17:3490-8. [PMID: 19064566 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) are inversely associated with breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Three polymorphisms within the SHBG gene have been reported to affect SHBG levels, but there has been no systematic attempt to identify other such variants. METHODS We looked for associations between SHBG levels in 1,134 healthy, postmenopausal women and 11 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in or around the SHBG gene. Associations between SHBG SNPs and breast cancer were tested in up to 6,622 postmenopausal breast cancer cases and 6,784 controls. RESULTS Ten SNPs within or close to the SHBG gene were significantly associated with SHBG levels as was the (TAAAA)(n) polymorphism. The best-fitting combination of rs6259, rs858521, and rs727428 and body mass index, waist, hip, age, and smoking status accounted for 24% of the variance in SHBG levels (natural logarithm transformed). Haplotype analysis suggested that rs858518, rs727428, or a variant in linkage disequilibrium with them acts to decrease SHBG levels but that this effect is neutralized by rs6259 (D356N). rs1799941 increases SHBG levels, but the previously reported association with (TAAAA)(n) repeat length appears to be a consequence of linkage disequilibrium with these SNPs. One further SHBG SNP was significantly associated with breast cancer (rs6257, per-allele odds ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-0.95; P = 0.002). CONCLUSION At least 3 SNPs showed associations with SHBG levels that were highly significant but relatively small in magnitude. rs6257 is a potential breast cancer susceptibility variant, but relationships between the genetic determinants of SHBG levels and breast cancer are complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Thompson
- Cambridge University, Strangeways Research Laboratories, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom.
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Riancho JA, Valero C, Zarrabeitia MT, García-Unzueta MT, Amado JA, González-Macías J. Genetic polymorphisms are associated with serum levels of sex hormone binding globulin in postmenopausal women. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2008; 9:112. [PMID: 19091090 PMCID: PMC2615755 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-9-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Estrogen activity plays a critical role in bone homeostasis. The serum levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) influence free estrogen levels and activity on target tissues. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of common polymorphisms of the SHBG gene on serum SHBG, bone mineral density (BMD), and osteoporotic fractures. Methods Four biallelic polymorphisms of the SHBG gene were studied by means of Taqman assays in 753 postmenopausal women. BMD was measured by DXA and serum SHBG was measured by ELISA. Results Age, body weight, and two polymorphisms of the SHBG gene (rs6257 and rs1799941 [A/G]) were significantly associated with serum SHBG in unadjusted and age- and weight-adjusted models. Alleles at the rs1799941 locus showed the strongest association with serum SHBG (p = 0.0004). The difference in SHBG levels between women with AA and GG genotypes at the rs1799941 locus was 39%. There were no significant differences in BMD across SHBG genotypes. The genotypes showed similar frequency distributions in control women and women with vertebral or hip fractures. Conclusion Some common genetic variants of the SHBG gene, and particularly an A/G polymorphism situated in the 5' region, influence serum SHBG levels. However, a significant association with BMD or osteoporotic fractures has not been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Riancho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital UM Valdecilla-IFIMAV, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
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Freedman ND, Ahn J, Hou L, Lissowska J, Zatonski W, Yeager M, Chanock SJ, Chow WH, Abnet CC. Polymorphisms in estrogen- and androgen-metabolizing genes and the risk of gastric cancer. Carcinogenesis 2008; 30:71-7. [PMID: 19015200 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens and estrogens may play a role in gastric cancer etiology. To investigate the association of gastric cancer with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six genes (COMT, CYP1B1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, HSD17B1 and SHBG) involved in estrogen and androgen synthesis and metabolism, 58 haplotype-tagging SNPs were genotyped in 295 gastric cancer cases and 415 controls from a population-based study in Poland. We assessed differences in haplotype frequency between cases and controls using a global score test and calculated multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for individual haplotypes using logistic regression. We found associations in one linkage disequilibrium (LD) block containing the 3' untranslated region of COMT (rs9332377, rs165728, rs165849 and rs1110478), global score test (df = 4, P = 0.033). Relative to the most frequent GATA haplotype, the GATG haplotype was associated with statistically significant increased gastric cancer risk (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.06-2.12; false discovery rate (FDR) value = 0.459) and the AACA haplotype with borderline increased risk (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.00-1.85; FDR = 0.50). We also found associations for the LD block containing part of the SHBG coding region (rs6258, rs6259, rs2955617, rs1641544 and rs1641537). The CACCC haplotype was associated with statistically significant lower gastric cancer risk relative to the referent CGACC haplotype (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.34-0.90; FDR = 0.459), but the overall score test was statistically non-significant. No other statistically significant associations were observed. In summary, we found possible associations between gastric cancer and polymorphisms in COMT, involved in estrogen inactivation, and SHBG, a modulator of hormone bioavailability. These findings should be interpreted cautiously until replicated in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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Costantino L, Catalano MG, Frairia R, Carmazzi CM, Barbero M, Coluccia C, Donadio M, Genta F, Drogo M, Boccuzzi G, Fortunati N. Molecular mechanisms of the D327N SHBG protective role on breast cancer development after estrogen exposure. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 114:449-56. [PMID: 18437557 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-008-0031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, the specific carrier for sex steroids, regulates hormone bioavailable fraction and estrogen signaling system in breast cancer cells. A common single nucleotide polymorphism in the human SHBG gene results in an amino acid substitution (Asp327Asn), which introduces an additional N-glycosylation site, and is associated with reduced breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. The frequency of this polymorphism was evaluated in a group of patients that developed breast cancer while taking hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) for menopause, an interesting model of estrogen exposure. The polymorphism frequency was significantly higher in women taking HRT that didn't develop any breast cancer than in breast cancer patients (P<0.05). To get insight into the underlying mechanisms, we compared the ability of recombinant wild type and variant (D327N) SHBG to influence estradiol effects in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. D327N SHBG was more effective than wild type protein in inhibiting estradiol-induced cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis. This depended on the fact that D327N SHBG binding to MCF-7 cells was significantly higher than that of wild type protein. As a consequence, D327N caused a larger induction of the second messenger cAMP and a deeper inhibition of the estradiol-induced Erk (1/2) phosphorylation. Our observations, demonstrating the increased efficiency of D327N SHBG in counteracting estradiol action and a significantly higher frequency of Asp327Asn polymorphism in women not developing breast cancer after estrogen exposure, first provide evidence for the mechanism of D327N SHBG protective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Costantino
- Laboratory of Oncological Endocrinology, ASO San Giovanni Battista, Via Genova 3, Turin 10126, Italy
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Bendlová B, Zavadilová J, Vanková M, Vejrazková D, Lukásová P, Vcelák J, Hill M, Cibula D, Vondra K, Stárka L, Vrbíková J. Role of D327N sex hormone-binding globulin gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 104:68-74. [PMID: 17258903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) is a transport protein specific for dihydrotestosterone, testosterone and estradiol. The missense mutation in exon 8 (GAC-->AAC) causing the amino acid exchange Asp-->Asn in codon 327 (D327N) correlates according to the published data with increased SHBG levels. We studied possible association of this polymorphism with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and anthropometric and biochemical parameters in 248 PCOS patients and 109 healthy control women. The D327N polymorphism (wild-type and variant allele) was detected using PCR-RFLP method (restriction enzyme Bbs-I). For statistical evaluation chi(2) test, Mann-Whitney test, ANCOVA, ANOVA (NCSS 2004, Statgraphics Plus v.5.1, USA) were used. There was no significant difference in genotype distribution between PCOS and controls (chi(2)=1.03, p=0.59). Moreover, we did not find an association of the variant allele with plasma SHBG level, steroid hormones, or screened parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism. In conclusion, the D327N polymorphism of the SHBG gene does not influence susceptibility to PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela Bendlová
- Institute of Endocrinology, Národní 8, 116 94 Prague 1, Czech Republic.
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Kataoka N, Cai Q, Xu WH, Xiang YB, Cai H, Zheng W, Shu XO. Association of endometrial cancer risk with a functional polymorphism (Asp327Asn) in the sex hormone-binding globulin gene. Cancer 2007; 109:1296-302. [PMID: 17315164 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex steroid hormones play a central role in the development of endometrial cancer. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) modulates the bioavailability of circulating sex hormones and regulates their signaling systems in target cells. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that blood SHBG levels are associated inversely with the risk of endometrial cancer. A functional polymorphism, an amino acid substitution of asparagine (Asp) for aspartic acid (Asn) at residue 327 (Asp(327)Asn) (reference sequence 6259), in the SHBG gene recently was identified and has been associated with an increased half-life and elevated blood levels of SHBG. The authors tested the hypothesis that this genetic variance is associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer in the Shanghai Endometrial Cancer Study, a population-based, case-control study that was conducted in urban Shanghai, China between 1997 and 2003. METHODS This study included 1037 women with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer ages 30 years and 69 years and 1031 age-matched controls from the community who had completed an in-person interview and donated a blood and/or buccal cell sample to the study. Genotyping for the Asp(327)Asn polymorphism was performed by using the TaqMan method. Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) derived from logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the genetic variation and endometrial cancer risk. RESULTS The allele frequencies of Asn were 15.0% in cases and 17.1% in controls (P = .06). The variant Asn(327) allele was associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.93) but not in premenopausal women (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.74-1.42). The inverse association was more pronounced among postmenopausal women who had a low body mass index (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.31-0.76) or longer years of menstruation (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46-0.89), although the results from tests for multiplicative interaction were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The current results suggested that the codon 327 Asn allele in the SHBG gene may be related to a reduced risk of endometrial cancer among postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Kataoka
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Low YL, Dunning AM, Dowsett M, Luben RN, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Bingham SA. Implications of gene-environment interaction in studies of gene variants in breast cancer: an example of dietary isoflavones and the D356N polymorphism in the sex hormone-binding globulin gene. Cancer Res 2006; 66:8980-3. [PMID: 16982738 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies to identify common genetic variants contributing to breast cancer risk often yield inconsistent results. Breast cancer is a complex disease involving both genetic and environmental determinants. Dietary isoflavones are thought to reduce breast cancer risk by stimulating circulating sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels. The SHBG gene contains a D356N polymorphism and the N variant is associated with reduced SHBG clearance compared with the D variant. In this study, we show a significant gene-environment interaction between SHBG D356N polymorphism and dietary isoflavone exposure on circulating SHBG levels in 1,988 postmenopausal women. SHBG levels were positively associated with isoflavones in women carrying the N variant (etap2 = 1.9%; P = 0.006) but not in women carrying only the D variant (etap2 = 0.0%; P = 0.999; P(interaction) = 0.019). This finding shows that the subtle effects of some genetic variants may be magnified and only become detectable in the presence of certain exposures. This gene-environment interaction might explain heterogeneity in studies associating SHBG gene variants and soy consumption with breast cancer risk in Far East population exposed to high isoflavone levels compared with populations with lower levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ling Low
- Medical Research Council Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Oncology, Cancer Research-UK, London, United Kingdom
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34
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Abrahamson PE, Tworoger SS, Aiello EJ, Bernstein L, Ulrich CM, Gilliland FD, Stanczyk FZ, Baumgartner R, Baumgartner K, Sorensen B, Ballard-Barbash R, McTiernan A. Associations between the CYP17, CYPIB1, COMT and SHBG polymorphisms and serum sex hormones in post-menopausal breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2006; 105:45-54. [PMID: 17077994 PMCID: PMC2997631 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-006-9426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Several polymorphisms have been identified in genes that code for enzymes involved with estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism. Little is known about the functional relevance of these polymorphisms on sex hormones in vivo. We examined the association between CYP17, CYP1B1, COMT or SHBG genotypes and serum concentrations of estrone, estradiol, free estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, free testosterone and dehyroepiandrosterone in 366 post-menopausal breast cancer survivors in New Mexico, California and Washington. Hormone levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay in blood drawn approximately 2 years post-diagnosis. We used generalized linear regression to calculate mean hormone levels by genotype, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, stage, study site, tamoxifen use, number of remaining ovaries, hormone therapy use, marital status and BMI. No associations were observed between any of the genotypes and sex hormones when analyzing the main effects. In subgroup analyses, androgen levels of Hispanic women with the variant (A2) CYP17 genotype were 46-87% higher than those of women with the wild-type; androgen levels were 13-20% lower in non-Hispanic whites with the variant genotype; no difference by genotype was observed for African-American women. Current tamoxifen users with the variant asn(327) SHBG genotype had 81% higher serum SHBG and 39% lower free testosterone concentrations than women with the wild-type genotype. Non-tamoxifen users with the variant SHBG allele had elevated free estradiol levels. These results provide little evidence that the CYP17, CYP1B1, and COMT polymorphisms are associated with different sex hormone levels in post-menopausal breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Page E. Abrahamson
- The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention Program, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shelley S. Tworoger
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Erin J. Aiello
- Group Health Center for Health Studies, Seattle, Washington
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cornelia M. Ulrich
- The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention Program, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, Washington
| | - Frank D. Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Frank Z. Stanczyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard Baumgartner
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Investigation Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Kathy Baumgartner
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Investigation Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Bess Sorensen
- The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention Program, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rachel Ballard-Barbash
- Applied Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne McTiernan
- The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention Program, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, Washington
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