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Zabihi MR, Akhoondian M, Tohidian M, Karkhah S, Ghorbani Vajargah P, Mazhari SA, Farhadi B, Farzan R. Chemical burn wounds as a risk factor for gastric cancer: in-silico analyses-experimental research. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:5162-5169. [PMID: 39239032 PMCID: PMC11374194 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study employs bioinformatics tools to identify shared upregulated genes between chemical burns and gastric cancer. Methods Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) retrieved gene sets for this investigation. GSEs with P value less than 0.05 and LOG fold change (FC) greater than 1 were valid and upregulated. Gastric cancer and chemical burn common elevated genes were found using Venn diagram online tools. In the second stage, the "string" visualized gastric cancer elevated genes network, and non-coding RNAs were deleted, and "interaction" greater than 1 was examined to choose important gene nodes. Next, they explored the String gene-interaction network for common genes. To determine the most interacting genes, Gephi (V 0.9.7) used "betweenness centrality" greater than "0" to evaluate the twenty-gene network. TISIDB and drug banks provide gene-related medications. Results In the present study, two genes, including ALOX5AP and SERPINB2, were obtained, with the highest centrality among chemical burns and gastric cancer shared genes. Additionally, the current study presented five drugs, including Urokinase, Tenecteplase, DG031, AM103, and Fiboflapon, which can have predicted effects on gastric cancer following chemical burns. Conclusion According to current in-silicon analyses, ALOX5AP and SERPINB2 are linked genetic keys between gastric chemical burn and cancer. Considering that burn is an environmental factor that leads to the upregulation of the two genes thus, the chemical burn can be related to the incidence of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zabihi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Mohammad Akhoondian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University
| | - Mobina Tohidian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shahi Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Samad Karkhah
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery
| | | | | | - Bahar Farhadi
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramyar Farzan
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht
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Megawati G, Indraswari N, Johansyah AA, Kezia C, Herawati DMD, Gurnida DA, Musfiroh I. Comparison of hs-CRP in Adult Obesity and Central Obesity in Indonesia Based on Omega-3 Fatty Acids Intake: Indonesian Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS 5) Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6734. [PMID: 37754594 PMCID: PMC10530835 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and central obesity are associated with dire conditions, such as metabolic syndrome, in which low-grade inflammation plays a part. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker found to be elevated in those conditions. Omega-3 fatty acids work against inflammation and lower CRP levels in obese individuals. This study compared high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) in adult obesity and central obesity in Indonesia based on omega-3 fatty acid intake using Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 data. Secondary data from household questionnaires were obtained from the IFLS 5 online database. Data from 3152 subjects were used; 76.65% of the subjects were female, with a mean age of 45.27 ± 15.77 years. Subjects were classified into five modified categories of obesity and central obesity based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Omega-3 fatty acid intake was categorized into "low" and "adequate" based on dietary recommendations from the Mediterranean Diet Foundation (2011). There is a significant difference in hs-CRP based on modified obesity categories (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in hs-CRP between low and adequate omega-3 intake (p > 0.05). These data suggest that hs-CRP is related to overweight, obesity, and central obesity. Meanwhile, omega-3 fatty acids are unrelated to hs-CRP. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginna Megawati
- Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia;
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Noormarina Indraswari
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Capella Kezia
- Medical Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Dida Achmad Gurnida
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Ida Musfiroh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis dan Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Singh AK, Anwar M, Pradhan R, Ashar MS, Rai N, Dey S. Surface plasmon resonance based-optical biosensor: Emerging diagnostic tool for early detection of diseases. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023:e202200380. [PMID: 36883612 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of diagnostic tools remains at the center of the health care system. In recent times optical biosensors have been widely applied in the scientific community, especially for monitoring protein-protein or nucleic acid hybridization interactions. Optical biosensors-derived surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology has appeared as a revolutionary technology at the current times. This review focuses on the research work in molecular biomarker evaluation using the technique based on SPR for translational clinical diagnosis. The review has covered both communicable and noncommunicable diseases by using different bio-fluids of the patient's sample for diagnosis of the diseases. An increasing number of SPR approaches have been developed in healthcare research and fundamental biological studies. The utility of SPR in the area of biosensing basically lies in its noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic feature due to its label-free high sensitivity and specificity properties. This makes SPR an invaluable tool with precise application in the recognition of different stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinay Kumar Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Masroor Anwar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmita Pradhan
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Suhail Ashar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitish Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University (MLSU), Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Orbach SM, Brooks MD, Zhang Y, Campit SE, Bushnell GG, Decker JT, Rebernick RJ, Chandrasekaran S, Wicha MS, Jeruss JS, Shea LD. Single-cell RNA-sequencing identifies anti-cancer immune phenotypes in the early lung metastatic niche during breast cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:865-881. [PMID: 36002598 PMCID: PMC9643644 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microenvironmental changes in the early metastatic niche may be exploited to identify therapeutic targets to inhibit secondary tumor formation and improve disease outcomes. We dissected the developing lung metastatic niche in a model of metastatic, triple-negative breast cancer using single-cell RNA-sequencing. Lungs were extracted from mice at 7-, 14-, or 21 days after tumor inoculation corresponding to the pre-metastatic, micro-metastatic, and metastatic niche, respectively. The progression of the metastatic niche was marked by an increase in neutrophil infiltration (5% of cells at day 0 to 81% of cells at day 21) and signaling pathways corresponding to the hallmarks of cancer. Importantly, the pre-metastatic and early metastatic niche were composed of immune cells with an anti-cancer phenotype not traditionally associated with metastatic disease. As expected, the metastatic niche exhibited pro-cancer phenotypes. The transition from anti-cancer to pro-cancer phenotypes was directly associated with neutrophil and monocyte behaviors at these time points. Predicted metabolic, transcription factor, and receptor-ligand signaling suggested that changes in the neutrophils likely induced the transitions in the other immune cells. Conditioned medium generated by cells extracted from the pre-metastatic niche successfully inhibited tumor cell proliferation and migration in vitro and the in vivo depletion of pre-metastatic neutrophils and monocytes worsened survival outcomes, thus validating the anti-cancer phenotype of the developing niche. Genes associated with the early anti-cancer response could act as biomarkers that could serve as targets for the treatment of early metastatic disease. Such therapies have the potential to revolutionize clinical outcomes in metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M Orbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael D Brooks
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yining Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott E Campit
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Grace G Bushnell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joseph T Decker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ryan J Rebernick
- Medical Science Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sriram Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Max S Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacqueline S Jeruss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Xiao Z, Zhao H. Ferroptosis-Related APOE, BCL3 and ALOX5AP Gene Polymorphisms are Associated with the Risk of Thyroid Cancer. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:157-165. [PMID: 35241926 PMCID: PMC8887669 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s352225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in the ferroptosis-related genes apolipoprotein E (APOE), BCL3 transcription coactivator (BCL3) and arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (ALOX5AP) and the risk of thyroid cancer. Methods Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of APOE (rs429358 and rs7412), BCL3 (rs34698726 and rs8100239) and ALOX5AP (rs4076128 and rs4073259) were genotyped in 520 papillary thyroid carcinoma cases and 520 healthy controls using the MassARRAY platform. Results The rs429358-TC, rs34698726-TA/TT, and rs8100239-AT/AA genotypes exhibited an elevated risk of thyroid cancer (prs429358 = 0.002, prs34698726 = 0.007, prs8100239 = 0.002), while rs7412-CT/TT and rs4076128-GA/GG were found to be protective genotypes against the risk of disease (prs7412 = 0.0003, prs4076128 = 0.0001). Genetic model analysis showed that APOE-rs429358 was correlated with an increased risk of disease under dominant and log-additive models (pdominant = 0.0004, plog-additive = 0.0006). BCL3-s34698726 and rs8100239 were associated with an elevated risk of disease under all three genetic models (p < 0.05). In contrast, APOE-rs7412 was related to a decreased risk of thyroid cancer under dominant and log-additive models (pdominant = 0.0001, plog-additive = 0.0001). Moreover, ALOX5AP-rs4076128 was also correlated with a reduced risk of disease under all three genetic models (p < 0.05). Conclusion The results help us better understand how genetic polymorphisms in ferroptosis-related genes are relevant to thyroid cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Xiao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhifu Xiao, Department of Thyroid Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, 29 Shuangtasi Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 0351-4960327, Email
| | - Haixia Zhao
- Central Lab, General Hospital of Taiyuan Iron and Steel Group, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030003, People’s Republic of China
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Panda C, Varadharaj S, Voruganti VS. PUFA, genotypes and risk for cardiovascular disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 176:102377. [PMID: 34915303 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are long chain fatty acids that are characterized by the presence of more than one double bond. These include fatty acids such as ꞷ-3-α-linolenic acid (ALA) and ꞷ-6 -linoleic acid (LA) which can only be obtained from dietary sources and are therefore termed essential fatty acids. They contain the building blocks for dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid in the ꞷ-6 family as well as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the ꞷ-3 family. Both ALA and LA are important constituents of animal and plant cell membranes and are important components of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory hormones and therefore, often modulate cellular immunity under chronic inflammatory states. The variation in physiological PUFA levels is under significant genetic influence, the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes being key regulators of PUFA metabolism. These genetic variants have been shown to alter fatty acid metabolism and influence the onset and progression of various metabolic conditions. This detailed review discusses the role of PUFAs, diet and genotypes in risk for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Panda
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States; Standard Process Inc, United States
| | | | - Venkata Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
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7
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Tu M, Wang W, Zhang G, Hammock BD. ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Colonic Inflammation and Colon Cancer: Roles of Lipid-Metabolizing Enzymes Involved. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113301. [PMID: 33126566 PMCID: PMC7693568 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial human and animal studies support the beneficial effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on colonic inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there are inconsistent results, which have shown that ω-3 PUFAs have no effect or even detrimental effects, making it difficult to effectively implement ω-3 PUFAs for disease prevention. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of ω-3 PUFAs will help to clarify their potential health-promoting effects, provide a scientific base for cautions for their use, and establish dietary recommendations. In this review, we summarize recent studies of ω-3 PUFAs on colonic inflammation and CRC and discuss the potential roles of ω-3 PUFA-metabolizing enzymes, notably the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, in mediating the actions of ω-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Tu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (M.T.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Weicang Wang
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (M.T.); (G.Z.)
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-530-752-7519
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Sellami M, Bragazzi NL. Nutrigenomics and Breast Cancer: State-of-Art, Future Perspectives and Insights for Prevention. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020512. [PMID: 32085420 PMCID: PMC7071273 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper nutrition plays a major role in preventing diseases and, therefore, nutritional interventions constitute crucial strategies in the field of Public Health. Nutrigenomics and nutriproteomics are arising from the integration of nutritional, genomics and proteomics specialties in the era of postgenomics medicine. In particular, nutrigenomics and nutriproteomics focus on the interaction between nutrients and the human genome and proteome, respectively, providing insights into the role of diet in carcinogenesis. Further omics disciplines, like metabonomics, interactomics and microbiomics, are expected to provide a better understanding of nutrition and its underlying factors. These fields represent an unprecedented opportunity for the development of personalized diets in women at risk of developing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sellami
- Sport Science Program (SSP), College of Arts and Sciences (CAS), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (N.L.B.)
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University if Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (N.L.B.)
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Seethaler B, Basrai M, Vetter W, Lehnert K, Engel C, Siniatchkin M, Halle M, Kiechle M, Bischoff SC. Fatty acid profiles in erythrocyte membranes following the Mediterranean diet - data from a multicenter lifestyle intervention study in women with hereditary breast cancer (LIBRE). Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2389-2398. [PMID: 31735538 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Evidence-based concepts to prevent breast cancer in women with BRCA1/2 mutations are limited. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedD) has been associated with a lower risk for breast cancer, possibly due to a favorable fatty acid (FA) intake. Here, we studied in an at-risk population the effect of a lifestyle intervention that included the MedD on FA composition in red blood cell membranes (RBCM). METHODS Data derived from the German multicenter trial LIBRE, from which 68 women were randomized into an intervention group (IG) trained for MedD and increased physical activity for 12 months, and a usual care control group (CG). Adherence to the diet was assessed after 3 and 12 months using the validated Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and a food frequency questionnaire. RBCM FA were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. RESULTS The MEDAS was increased in both groups after 3 months (IG: P < 0.001; CG: P = 0.004), and remained increased only in the IG after 12 months (P < 0.001). The food frequency questionnaire revealed an increased intake of omega-3 (n-3) FA at month 3 and month 12 in the IG (both P < 0.01), but not in the CG, in which intake of energy, protein and saturated FA decreased. In both groups n-6 FA in the RBCM decreased (P < 0.001), while n-9 FA increased (P < 0.001) and n-3 FA were unchanged. Women with higher consumption of fish had higher amounts of n-3 fatty acids in the RBCM. The MEDAS was inversely correlated with n-6 fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS The RBCM FA composition was associated with dietetic parameters related to the MedD. Adherence to the MedD resulted in an altered, likely favorable FA composition. Our data suggest selected FA as biomarkers to monitor compliance to a dietetic intervention such as the MedD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (reference: NCT02087592).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Seethaler
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Maryam Basrai
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Katja Lehnert
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Michael Siniatchkin
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Sociology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Preusserstr. 1 - 9, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 6 Technical University Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Department of Gynecology, Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM) and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCCM), Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Germany.
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
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10
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Khankari NK, Bradshaw PT, Steck SE, He K, Olshan AF, Shen J, Ahn J, Chen Y, Ahsan H, Terry MB, Teitelbaum SL, Neugut AI, Santella RM, Gammon MD. Polyunsaturated fatty acid interactions and breast cancer incidence: a population-based case-control study on Long Island, New York. Ann Epidemiol 2015; 25:929-35. [PMID: 26452606 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Experimental studies demonstrate that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) inhibit inflammatory eicosanoids generated by ω-6 PUFAs. Epidemiologic studies on dietary ω-3 PUFA intake show consistent inverse associations with breast cancer incidence among Asian populations, where ω-3, relative to ω-6, intake is high. In contrast, associations are inconsistent among Western populations, where intake of ω-3, relative to ω-6, is low. We hypothesized that examining interactions between ω-3 and ω-6 would help elucidate the PUFA-breast cancer association in the United States. METHODS In a Long Island, New York, population-based study of 1463 breast cancer cases and 1500 controls, we estimated multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using unconditional logistic regression to examine interactions between ω-3 and ω-6 intake. RESULTS We observed a super-additive interaction (relative excess risk due to interaction = 0.41; 95% confidence interval = 0.06-0.76) between ω-3 and ω-6 intake in association with breast cancer incidence, although the CIs for the joint exposure of low ω-3/high ω-6 compared to high ω-3/low ω-6 intake were wide (odds ratio = 1.20; 95% confidence interval = 0.85-1.69). CONCLUSIONS Breast cancer risk reduction may be possible for U.S. women with dietary consumption of higher ω-3, which has anti-inflammatory properties, in concert with lower ω-6, which induces inflammation. Replication from future U.S.-based investigations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil K Khankari
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
| | | | - Susan E Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Ka He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Jiyoung Ahn
- Department of Population Health, New York University, New York; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University, New York; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Health Studies and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Susan L Teitelbaum
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Regina M Santella
- Department of Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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11
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Simopoulos AP. The impact of the Bellagio Report on healthy agriculture, healthy nutrition, healthy people: scientific and policy aspects and the International Network of Centers for Genetics, Nutrition and Fitness for Health. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2015; 7:191-211. [PMID: 25766457 DOI: 10.1159/000375495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Bellagio Report on Healthy Agriculture, Healthy Nutrition, Healthy People was the result of a meeting held at the Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio Center in the fall of 2012. The meeting was science based but policy oriented. The Bellagio Report concluded that: (1) sugar consumption, especially in the form of high-energy fructose in soft drinks, poses a major and insidious health threat, particularly for children; (2) current diets in most populations, albeit with regional differences, are deficient in omega-3 fatty acids but too high in omega-6 fatty acid intake, and (3) not all calories are the same since calories from different sources (i.e. glucose or fructose or omega-6 or omega-3 fatty acids) have different metabolic and neurohormonal effects. This paper summarizes the scientific progress and policy actions that have occurred in these three areas. Genetic variation in populations and gene-nutrient interactions are fundamental concepts that need to be taken into consideration in growth and development and in the prevention and management of chronic noncommunicable diseases since there is enormous variation in both the frequency of genetic variants and dietary composition worldwide. Furthermore, this paper updates the Bellagio Report in terms of the scientific and policy aspects, both of which have expanded over the past 2 years, and describes the progress made in establishing an International Network of Centers for Genetics, Nutrition and Fitness for Health.
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Horn T, Adel S, Schumann R, Sur S, Kakularam KR, Polamarasetty A, Redanna P, Kuhn H, Heydeck D. Evolutionary aspects of lipoxygenases and genetic diversity of human leukotriene signaling. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 57:13-39. [PMID: 25435097 PMCID: PMC7112624 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, which are biosynthesized via the lipoxygenase pathway of the arachidonic acid cascade. Lipoxygenases form a family of lipid peroxidizing enzymes and human lipoxygenase isoforms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, hyperproliferative (cancer) and neurodegenerative diseases. Lipoxygenases are not restricted to humans but also occur in a large number of pro- and eucaryotic organisms. Lipoxygenase-like sequences have been identified in the three domains of life (bacteria, archaea, eucarya) but because of lacking functional data the occurrence of catalytically active lipoxygenases in archaea still remains an open question. Although the physiological and/or pathophysiological functions of various lipoxygenase isoforms have been studied throughout the last three decades there is no unifying concept for the biological importance of these enzymes. In this review we are summarizing the current knowledge on the distribution of lipoxygenases in living single and multicellular organisms with particular emphasis to higher vertebrates and will also focus on the genetic diversity of enzymes and receptors involved in human leukotriene signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Horn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, 95064 Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Susan Adel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Schumann
- Institute of Microbiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Saubashya Sur
- Institute of Microbiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kumar Reddy Kakularam
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Aparoy Polamarasetty
- School of Life Sciences, University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh 176215, India
| | - Pallu Redanna
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India; National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500049, Telangana, India
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Wang W, Zhu J, Lyu F, Panigrahy D, Ferrara KW, Hammock B, Zhang G. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-derived lipid metabolites on angiogenesis, inflammation and cancer. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2014; 113-115:13-20. [PMID: 25019221 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and pre-clinical studies support the anti-tumor effects of ω-3 PUFAs; however, the results from human trials are mixed, making it difficult to provide dietary guidelines or recommendations of ω-3 PUFAs for disease prevention or treatment. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which ω-3 PUFAs inhibit cancer could lead to better nutritional paradigms and human trials to clarify their health effects. The ω-3 PUFAs exert their biological activities mainly through the formation of bioactive lipid metabolites. Here we discuss the biology of cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 enzymes-derived ω-3-series lipid metabolites on angiogenesis, inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicang Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Julia Zhu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Fei Lyu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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Pimenta CAM, Latini FRM, DE Lima JM, DA Silva TD, Felipe AV, DE Lima Pazine VM, Forones NM. Study of the polymorphisms of cyclooxygenase-2 (-765G>C) and 5-lipoxygenase (1708G>A) in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:513-518. [PMID: 24396479 PMCID: PMC3881951 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Genetic alterations have been associated with an increased risk of cancer and greater tumor aggressiveness. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) genes are important in cell cycle regulation, tumor growth and prostaglandin synthesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms in the COX-2 and 5-LOX genes and the risk of CRC. A case-control study was conducted in patients with CRC matched for gender and age to a control group. DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes, and the polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and gene sequencing. A specific questionnaire was applied to evaluate smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, physical activity, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and meat, fiber and fat intake. A total of 185 patients with CRC and 146 controls were studied. The heterozygous GC genotype of the COX-2 gene polymorphism was the most common in the two groups (60.0% in CRC patients and 52.7% in controls). The CC genotype was associated with an increased risk of CRC (odds ratio, 3.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.31–10.1; P=0.013). The homozygous wild-type genotype of the 5-LOX gene polymorphism was detected in 72.4% of the CRC patients and in 71.2% of the control subjects. The homozygous mutant genotype (CC) of the COX-2 gene is an independent risk factor for CRC. No association was found between 5-LOX genotypes and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aledson Vitor Felipe
- Gastroenterology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023900, Brazil
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Horn T, Reddy Kakularam K, Anton M, Richter C, Reddanna P, Kuhn H. Functional characterization of genetic enzyme variations in human lipoxygenases. Redox Biol 2013; 1:566-77. [PMID: 24282679 PMCID: PMC3840004 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian lipoxygenases play a role in normal cell development and differentiation but they have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, hyperproliferative and neurodegenerative diseases. As lipid peroxidizing enzymes they are involved in the regulation of cellular redox homeostasis since they produce lipid hydroperoxides, which serve as an efficient source for free radicals. There are various epidemiological correlation studies relating naturally occurring variations in the six human lipoxygenase genes (SNPs or rare mutations) to the frequency for various diseases in these individuals, but for most of the described variations no functional data are available. Employing a combined bioinformatical and enzymological strategy, which included structural modeling and experimental site-directed mutagenesis, we systematically explored the structural and functional consequences of non-synonymous genetic variations in four different human lipoxygenase genes (ALOX5, ALOX12, ALOX15, and ALOX15B) that have been identified in the human 1000 genome project. Due to a lack of a functional expression system we resigned to analyze the functionality of genetic variations in the hALOX12B and hALOXE3 gene. We found that most of the frequent non-synonymous coding SNPs are located at the enzyme surface and hardly alter the enzyme functionality. In contrast, genetic variations which affect functional important amino acid residues or lead to truncated enzyme variations (nonsense mutations) are usually rare with a global allele frequency<0.1%. This data suggest that there appears to be an evolutionary pressure on the coding regions of the lipoxygenase genes preventing the accumulation of loss-of-function variations in the human population. Non-synonymous coding variations in human lipoxygenases are mostly rare with a global allele frequency <1%. Common ALOX SNPs are mainly localized on the enzyme surface and hardly effect the enzyme functionality. hALOX15B Ala416Asp is a newly discovered loss-of-function mutation in the hALOX gene family while inactivity seems to be caused by severe structural alterations. Our data indicate that there is evolutionary pressure on these redox enzymes preventing the accumulation of loss-of-function variations in the human population. 1000 Genome database is a useful tool to analyze the distribution and functionality of variations in genes of interest.
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Key Words
- 12-H(p)ETE, (5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid
- 15-H(p)ETE, (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-15-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoic acid
- 5-H(p)ETE, (6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroperoxyeicosa-6,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid
- 8-H(p)ETE, (5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-8-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid
- ALOX, arachidonate lipoxygenase
- Eicosanoids
- Gene polymorphism
- H(p)ETE, hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid
- HETE, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
- IPTG, Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranosid
- LOXs, lipoxygenases
- LTA4, 4-[(2S,3S)-3-[(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)-tetradeca-1,3,5,8-tetraen-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl]butanoic acid
- LTB4, 5(S),12(R)-dihydroxy-6,8,10,14-(Z,E,E,Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid
- LTC4, (5S,6R,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-6-{[(2R)-2-[(4S)-4-amino-4-carboxybutanamido]-2-[(carboxymethyl) carbamoyl]ethyl]sulfanyl}-5-hydroxyeicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid
- Leukotrienes
- Lipoxygenases
- SNP
- UTR, untranslated region
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Horn
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin-Charité, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Glick NR, Fischer MH. The Role of Essential Fatty Acids in Human Health. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/2156587213488788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid research began about 90 years ago but intensified in recent years. Essential fatty acids (linoleic and α-linolenic) must come from diet. Other fatty acids may come from diet or may be synthesized. Fatty acids are major components of cell membrane structure, modulate gene transcription, function as cytokine precursors, and serve as energy sources in complex, interconnected systems. It is increasingly apparent that dietary fatty acids influence these vital functions and affect human health. While the strongest evidence for influence is found in cardiovascular disease and mental health, many additional conditions are affected. Problematic changes in the fatty acid composition of human diet have also taken place over the last century. This review summarizes current understanding of the pervasive roles of essential fatty acids and their metabolites in human health.
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de Lorgeril M, Salen P. New insights into the health effects of dietary saturated and omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. BMC Med 2012; 10:50. [PMID: 22613931 PMCID: PMC3394202 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and cancers are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Reducing dietary saturated fat and replacing it with polyunsaturated fat is still the main dietary strategy to prevent cardiovascular diseases, although major flaws have been reported in the analyses supporting this approach. Recent studies introducing the concept of myocardial preconditioning have opened new avenues to understand the complex interplay between the various lipids and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The optimal dietary fat profile includes a low intake of both saturated and omega-6 fatty acids and a moderate intake of omega-3 fatty acids. This profile is quite similar to the Mediterranean diet. On the other hand, recent studies have found a positive association between omega-6 and breast cancer risk. In contrast, omega-3 fatty acids do have anticancer properties. It has been shown that certain (Mediterranean) polyphenols significantly increase the endogenous synthesis of omega-3 whereas high intake of omega-6 decreases it. Finally, epidemiological studies suggest that a high omega-3 to omega-6 ratio may be the optimal strategy to decrease breast cancer risk. Thus, the present high intake of omega-6 in many countries is definitely not the optimal strategy to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancers. A moderate intake of plant and marine omega-3 in the context of the traditional Mediterranean diet (low in saturated and omega-6 fatty acids but high in plant monounsaturated fat) appears to be the best approach to reduce the risk of both cardiovascular diseases and cancers, in particular breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel de Lorgeril
- Laboratoire Cœur & Nutrition, TIMC-IMAG, Université Joseph Fourier-CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, Grenoble, France.
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Todur SP, Ashavaid TF. Association of Sp1 tandem repeat polymorphism of ALOX5 with coronary artery disease in Indian subjects. Clin Transl Sci 2012; 5:408-11. [PMID: 23067353 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases have been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) for its potent proinflammatory role. The Sp1 addition/deletion polymorphism in promoter region of the 5-lipoxygenase gene (ALOX5) has been associated with increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. To determine the role of this polymorphism in our population we performed a case-control-genetic association study on 117 healthy controls and 119 angiographically verified CAD patients. Biochemical analysis was performed using standard automated assays. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-C subfraction levels were estimated using precipitation methods. Genotyping of polymorphism in the ALOX5 (Sp1 variants) was done using PCR-based heteroduplex analysis and automated sequencing. The Sp1 promoter repeat variants were found to be associated with CAD (p < 0.0001, OR = 4.47, 95% confidence interval = 2.58-7.74). Furthermore, the 5/5 genotype of the ALOX5 polymorphism in the healthy subjects was found to be associated with elevated HDL-C (p= 0.004), HDL(3) -C (p= 0.04), apo A1 (p= 0.011) and sdLDL (p= 0.001). We conclude that this polymorphism influences LDL and HDL subfraction levels and is a risk factor for CAD in our population. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 408-411.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema P Todur
- Research Laboratories, P. D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, V. S. Marg, Mahim, Mumbai, India
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Vanden Heuvel JP. Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics of ω3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 108:75-112. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398397-8.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
Nutrigenomics refers to the interaction between one's diet and his/her genes. These interactions can markedly influence digestion, absorption, and the elimination of bioactive food components, as well as influence their site of actions/molecular targets. Nutrigenomics comprises nutrigenetics, epigenetics, and transcriptomics, coupled with other "omic," such as proteomics and metabolomics, that apparently account for the wide variability in cancer risk among individuals with similar dietary habits. Multiple food components including essential nutrients, phytochemical, zoochemicals, fungochemical, and bacterochemicals have been implicated in cancer risk and tumor behavior, admittedly with mixed results. Such findings suggest that not all individuals respond identically to a diet. This chapter highlights the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphism, copy number, epigenetic events, and transcriptomic homeostasis as factors influencing the response to food components and ultimately health, including cancer risk. Both breast and colorectal cancers are reviewed as examples about how nutrigenomics may influence the response to dietary intakes. As the concept that "one size fits all" comes to an end and personalized approaches surface, additional research data will be required to identify those who will benefit most from dietary change and any who might be placed at risk because of an adjustment.
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Amirian ES, Ittmann MM, Scheurer ME. Associations between arachidonic acid metabolism gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk. Prostate 2011; 71:1382-9. [PMID: 21308720 PMCID: PMC7339922 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway is suspected to be involved in the development of various cancers, including prostate cancer. However, the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AA pathway genes remains unclear. The purpose of this case-control study was to evaluate the association between prostate cancer risk and 14 such SNPs in the PTGS2, PTGES2, ALOX5, ALOX5AP, and LTA4H genes. METHODS Genotyping was conducted on 585 white prostate cancer cases and 585 healthy, age-matched controls. The best genetic model for each SNP was determined using Akaike's information criterion. Odds ratios for the association between each SNP and prostate cancer risk were calculated, both overall and stratified by obesity (BMI ≥ 30). Haplotype analysis was conducted for the PTGES2 SNPs. RESULTS LTA4H rs1978331 was inversely associated with prostate cancer risk overall (unadjusted, overdominant model OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51-0.91 for TC vs. TT/CC). Among non-obese individuals, the GG genotype of PTGES2 rs10987883 was associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer (unadjusted, recessive model OR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.27-8.23). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that SNPs in certain AA metabolism genes may influence prostate cancer susceptibility. Furthermore, it is possible that obesity, which induces a chronic state of low-level inflammation in addition to several metabolic sequelae, may modify the impact of these SNPs. These findings should be confirmed in a larger study with power to detect differential effects by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Susan Amirian
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Michael M. Ittmann
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Michael E. Scheurer
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
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Simopoulos AP. Genetic variants in the metabolism of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids: their role in the determination of nutritional requirements and chronic disease risk. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:785-95. [PMID: 20558833 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2010.009298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The tissue composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids is important to health and depends on both dietary intake and metabolism controlled by genetic polymorphisms that should be taken into consideration in the determination of nutritional requirements. Therefore at the same dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), their respective health effects may differ due to genetic differences in metabolism. Delta-5 and delta-6 desaturases, FADS1 and FADS2, respectively, influence the serum, plasma and membrane phospholipid levels of LA, ALA and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy, lactation, and may influence an infant's IQ, atopy and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. At low intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), polymorphisms at the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) level increase the risk for CHD whereas polymorphisms at cyclooxgenase-2 increase the risk for prostate cancer. At high intakes of LA the risk for breast cancer increases. EPA and DHA influence gene expression. In future, intervention studies on the biological effects of LA, ALA and LC-PUFAs, and the effects of genetic variants in FADS1 and FADS2, 5-LO and cyclooxygenase-2 should be taken into consideration both in the determination of nutritional requirements and chronic disease risk. Furthermore, genome-wide association studies need to include environmental exposures and include diet in the interaction between genetic variation and disease association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis P Simopoulos
- The Center for Genetics, Nutrition and Health, 2001 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA.
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