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Vergeldt T, Driessen R, Bulten J, Nijhuis T, de Hullu J. Vulvar cancer in hidradenitis suppurativa. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2022; 39:100929. [PMID: 35106355 PMCID: PMC8784320 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2022.100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma in hidradenitis suppurativa is difficult to diagnose. Early excision to diagnose occult malignancy is recommended. Vulvar cancer in hidradenitis suppurativa has a high frequency of metastases. Appropriate imaging to establish the extent of the disease is required. It has an aggressive course with rapid progression.
Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating disorder characterized by chronic inflammation in intertriginous areas. Malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is rare and is mostly diagnosed in the perianal area in men. The clinical behavior of SCC in HS can be aggressive, with local invasion and distant metastases. Case descriptions. We describe two cases of vulvar SCC in HS. The first demonstrates a 75 year old woman with a severe undertreated HS for over 30 years, who presented with a widespread vulvar cancer with lymphangitis carcinomatosa and inguinal and pelvic lymphadenopathy within several weeks after first suspicion of a malignancy. She died shortly after diagnosis. The second case describes a 61 year old woman diagnosed with HS 7 years ago, who presented with a rapidly progressive vulvar cancer with suspicion for ingrowth in the anal sphincter, vagina and levator ani muscle with inguinal and pelvic lymphadenopathy. She received radical chemoradiation with a complete response on imaging, but had a local recurrence within 2 months after finishing treatment. A posterior exenteration was performed but 5 months after surgery she had a second recurrence in the vulvar scar and pelvic floor muscles with possible bone metastases. She received palliative chemotherapy. Conclusion Vulvar SCC in an area of HS is a rare condition which is difficult to diagnose. It can have an aggressive course with rapid progression and a high frequency of metastases at presentation. Early surgical excision of HS to diagnose occult malignant transformation, appropriate imaging to establish the extent of the disease and an aggressive treatment plan without any delays are recommended.
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Sawada Y, Nakamura M. Daily Lifestyle and Cutaneous Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5227. [PMID: 34069297 PMCID: PMC8156459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily lifestyle is a fundamental part of human life and its influence accumulates daily in the human body. We observe that a good daily lifestyle has a beneficial impact on our health; however, the actual effects of individual daily lifestyle factors on human skin diseases, especially skin cancers, have not been summarized. In this review, we focused on the influence of daily lifestyle on the development of skin cancer and described the detailed molecular mechanisms of the development or regulation of cutaneous malignancies. Several daily lifestyle factors, such as circadian rhythm disruption, smoking, alcohol, fatty acids, dietary fiber, obesity, and ultraviolet light, are known to be associated with the risk of cutaneous malignancies, malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma. Although the influence of some daily lifestyles on the risk of skin cancers is controversial, this review provides us a better understanding of the relationship between daily lifestyle factors and skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sawada
- Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan;
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Arafa A, Mostafa A, Navarini AA, Dong JY. The association between smoking and risk of skin cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:787-794. [PMID: 32458137 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between smoking and the risk of skin cancers has been studied without reaching consistent findings. This study aims to assess this association through an updated meta-analysis of cohort studies. METHODS We retrieved cohort studies that investigated the temporal association between smoking and the risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and malignant melanoma (MM). Pooled relative risks (RRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) of the included articles were calculated for current, former, and heavy smoking compared with never smoking. Publication bias was detected using the Egger's regression. RESULTS A total of 15 studies, published between 1990 and 2018, were included. Current smoking was associated with a higher risk of SCC (pooled RR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.15, 1.52) but with a lower risk of BCC (pooled RR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.75, 0.96) and MM (pooled RR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.64, 0.82). No publication bias was detected, and no single study had a substantial impact on the pooled results. Similar results were detected for heavy smoking, while former smoking was not associated with the risk of skin cancer. CONCLUSION Current smoking and heavy smoking were associated with a higher risk of SCC but a decreased risk of BCC and MM, while former smoking was not associated with skin cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Arafa
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Alshimaa Mostafa
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Jia-Yi Dong
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Targeted next-generation sequencing of matched localized and metastatic primary high-risk SCCs identifies driver and co-occurring mutations and novel therapeutic targets. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 99:30-43. [PMID: 32595073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer and is responsible for over one million cases annually. While only 3-5 % of SCCs metastasize, those that do are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Using gene mutations to help predict metastasis and select therapeutics is still being explored. OBJECTIVE To present novel data from targeted sequencing of 20 case-matched localized and metastatic high-risk SCCs. METHODS A cancer-associated gene panel of 76 genes was run from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of 20 case-matched localized (10) and metastatic (10) high-risk SCCs (Vela Diagnostics). RESULTS Using spatial clustering analysis, primary driver mutations were identified asEGFR in localized SCC and CDH1 in metastatic SCC. ERBB4 and STK11 were found to be significant co-occurring mutations in localized SCC. Pathway analyses showed the RTK/RAS, TP53, TGF-b, NOTCH1, PI3K, and cell cycle pathways to be highly relevant in all high-risk SCCs with the Wnt pathway enhanced in metastatic SCC only. CONCLUSIONS This study compared gene mutations between localized and metastatic SCC with the intent of identifying key differences and new potential targeted treatment options. To our knowledge, the co-occurrence ofERBB4 and STK11 mutations has not been previously reported. Targeted inhibition of CDH1 and the Wnt pathway should be further explored in metastatic SCC.
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Visconti MJ, Ashack KA. Dermatologic manifestations associated with electronic cigarette use. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 81:1001-1007. [PMID: 30965061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic cigarette use continues to rise, yet there are no reviews summarizing dermatologic manifestations associated with electronic cigarettes in the literature. OBJECTIVE To review the literature regarding cutaneous manifestations associated with electronic cigarette use and increase awareness of side effects associated with this rapidly developing public health epidemic. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for related literature. All studies involving the effects of electronic cigarette use on the skin or mucosa were obtained and reviewed for evidence. RESULTS Contact dermatitis, thermal injuries, and oral mucosal lesions have been reported with the use of electronic cigarettes. LIMITATIONS The conclusions presented in individual case reports or series are not based on randomized controlled trials. CONCLUSION Electronic cigarettes can present with harmful dermatologic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Visconti
- Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Kurt A Ashack
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Pirie K, Beral V, Heath AK, Green J, Reeves GK, Peto R, McBride P, Olsen CM, Green AC. Heterogeneous relationships of squamous and basal cell carcinomas of the skin with smoking: the UK Million Women Study and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:114-120. [PMID: 29899391 PMCID: PMC6035218 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Published findings on the associations between smoking and the incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are inconsistent. We aimed to generate prospective evidence on these relationships overall and by anatomical site. METHODS We followed 1,223,626 women without prior cancer by electronic linkage to national cancer registration data. Questionnaire information about smoking and other factors was recorded at recruitment (1996-2001) and every 3-5 years subsequently. Cox regression yielded adjusted relative risks (RRs) comparing smokers versus never-smokers. RESULTS After 14 (SD4) years follow-up per woman, 6699 had a first registered cutaneous SCC and 48,666 a first BCC. In current versus never-smokers, SCC incidence was increased (RR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.15-1.31) but BCC incidence was decreased (RR = 0.80, 0.78-0.82). RRs varied substantially by anatomical site; for the limbs, current smoking was associated with an increased incidence of SCC (1.55, 1.41-1.71) and a decreased incidence of BCC (0.72, 0.66-0.79), but for facial lesions there was little association of current smoking with either SCC (0.93, 0.82-1.06) or BCC (0.92, 0.88-0.96). Findings in meta-analyses of results from this and seven other prospective studies were largely dominated by the findings in this study. CONCLUSIONS Smoking-associated risks for cutaneous SCC and BCC are in the opposite direction to each other and appear to vary by anatomical site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Pirie
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Valerie Beral
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alicia K Heath
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane Green
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gillian K Reeves
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Peto
- Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Penelope McBride
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine M Olsen
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adèle C Green
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute and Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Dusingize JC, Olsen CM, Pandeya NP, Subramaniam P, Thompson BS, Neale RE, Green AC, Whiteman DC. Cigarette Smoking and the Risks of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1700-1708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Purpose of the review To provide a synopsis of recent research advances in the epidemiology of keratinocyte carcinoma (KC), with a focus on indoor tanning and known risk factors for other forms of cancer such as cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking. Recent findings The evidence is strong enough to infer that use of UVR-emitting indoor tanning devices cause KC. Epidemiologic studies of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and menopausal hormone therapy all show some suggestion for increased risk of KC but the evidence is not yet strong enough to determine if there is a true etiologic role. Body mass index is clearly inversely associated with KC risk but this is more likely to be due to lower UVR exposure in overweight and obese individuals than it is due to a true etiologic role. Summary The epidemic of KC continues unabated, and the causal role of indoor tanning is contributing to this unfavorable trend in KC incidence rates. Advances in understanding the etiology of KC should not divert attention away from the fact that the primary public health strategy to prevent KC is known: minimize population exposure to UVR from the sun and from UVR-emitting indoor tanning devices, particularly among those with sun-sensitive phenotypes.
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Díaz-Corpas T, Morales-Suárez-Varela M, Rausell Fontestad N, Fuertes Prósper A, Marquina-Vila A, Jordá-Cuevas E. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinical and Pathological Features and Associated Risk Factors in an Observational Study of 118 Patients. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinical and Pathological Features and Associated Risk Factors in an Observational Study of 118 Patients. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2015; 106:806-15. [PMID: 26272626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In the latest edition of its cancer staging manual, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) revised the criteria for staging squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by introducing high-risk tumor features to define tumor stage (T) and help to identify tumors with a higher risk of metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics associated with SCC meeting the high-risk criteria defined by the AJCC for T2 lesions. PATIENTS AND METHOD We performed a case-case observational study in which patients with SCC were included over a period of 18 months. We collected clinical, anthropometric, and tumor data, and analyzed these using PASW Statistics (SPSS) version 18. RESULTS One-hundred eighteen patients, the majority of whom were men, were included. Mean age was 77 years. Over 70% of the tumors were located in the head region and a majority of tumors measured 2 cm or less. The prevalence of SCC T2 was 61.9%. The risk factors significantly associated with SCC T2 were an age of over 85 years (odds ratio [OR], 4.48), location in the head and neck region (OR, 3.38), presence of solar elastosis in the peritumoral tissue (OR, 2.08), a higher tumor growth rate (>1.5 mm·wk(-1); OR, 5.73), and higher cumulative exposure to smoking (>20 pack-years, OR, 3.63). CONCLUSIONS Advanced age, location in the head and neck region, presence of solar elastosis, high tumor growth rate, and high cumulative smoking exposure were all significantly associated with the presence of SCC T2.
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Hughes MCB, Olsen CM, Williams GM, Green AC. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and basal cell carcinoma. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:851-6. [PMID: 25234270 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between smoking and primary basal cell carcinoma (BCC), we analyzed data from a 16 year prospective study among randomly selected adults in Nambour, Queensland, Australia. Participants underwent a skin examination in 1992 and took part in an intervention study and follow-up. Information about complexion type and smoking habits including duration and number of cigarettes smoked per day and sun exposure behavior were collected at baseline in 1992, with updates to end of follow-up in 2007. Newly-diagnosed BCCs were ascertained from regional pathology laboratories. Relative risks (RR) of BCC among former and current smokers were estimated using generalized linear models specifying a Poisson distribution with robust error variance and (log) person-years at-risk as offset, adjusting for BCC risk factors. From 1992 to 2007, 281 BCCs were diagnosed in 1,277 participants with available smoking history and no past BCC. Relative to non-smokers, a non-significant inverse association between current smoking and BCC was seen (RR 0.69; 95 % CI 0.45-1.05) but not for former smokers (RR 1.05; 95 % CI 0.84-1.31). Amongst current smokers, inverse associations with BCC were found in those who smoked for up to 18 years (RR 0.44) but not more and those who smoked up to 15 cigarettes per day but not more. The associations with both current and former smoking varied by degree of sunburn propensity. The modest inverse association between current smoking and BCC is considered unlikely to be causal given lack of clear relation with duration or intensity of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C B Hughes
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia,
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Koyuncuer A. Histopathological evaluation of non-melanoma skin cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:159. [PMID: 24886534 PMCID: PMC4046093 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most frequently seen cancers worldwide. Methods The medical records of patients diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in Hatay Antakya pathology laboratory between January 2010 and September 2012 were retrospectively included in the study. Tumors were categorized according to age, gender, anatomical localization, type, solitary-multiplicity, tumor diameter (0 to 2 mm, 2.1 to 6 mm and >6.1 mm), and presence of ulceration (BCCs), and morphological subtype, histopatological features and grades (SCCs). Results A total of 136 tumors in 127 NMSC cases were examined. Solitary tumors were seen in 118 (92.9%), and multiple tumors in 9 (7.1%) patients. Mean age of the patients was 68.5 ± 13 years. BCC was observed in 96 (75.6%) and SCC in 31 (24.4%) patients. Mean diameter of all types of solitary and multiple tumors was 7.42 ± 3.49 mm. Nodular subtype focal cystic changes were observed in 49 (47.6%) patients. All tumors (solitary and multiple) were seen on the face (67.6%), scalp (11.8%), and ear (11%). Well differentiated SCCs were detected in 20 cases (64.5%); ulceration was observed in 58.1% of all tumors. Conclusions Epidemiologic and histopathological investigations, routine skin scanning performed on the elderly population and dermatological examination will help to improve efficient health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Koyuncuer
- Department of Pathology, Antakya State Hospital, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
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Sánchez G, Nova J. Factores de riesgo de carcinoma espinocelular, un estudio del Centro Nacional de Dermatología de Colombia. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma, a study by the National Dermatology Centre of Colombia. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013; 104:672-8. [PMID: 23968667 DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common malignancy in white individuals. The risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma, which belongs to the family of nonmelanoma skin cancers, have not been studied in Colombia. OBJECTIVE To determine the risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma in patients at a national referral center for skin diseases in Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a case-control study that evaluated sociodemographic, epidemiological, and clinical factors among 332 individuals. Risk was calculated as odds ratio (ORs) using the multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis method. RESULTS The following risk factors were identified: family history of skin cancer (OR, 6.55; 95% CI, 1.4-28.9), living in a rural area after the age of 30 years (OR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.3-7.2), a lifetime working outdoors (OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.5-5.7), smoking more than 10 cigarettes a day (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.3-6.5), actinic conjunctivitis (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.2-5.9), poikiloderma of Civatte (OR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.7-6.1), numerous facial actinic keratoses (OR, 9.23; 95% CI, 4.9-17.1), and numerous freckles (OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.3-10.1). CONCLUSIONS We have documented clinical characteristics and personal history factors that should guide the physician in making decisions on the preventive and follow-up measures to be adopted for individuals at risk of squamous cell carcinoma. These findings may help guide policy for controlling the disease using local information.
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Grönhagen CM, Fored CM, Granath F, Nyberg F. Increased risk of cancer among 3663 patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a Swedish nationwide cohort study. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:1053-9. [PMID: 22175767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10773.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Other autoimmune diseases have been associated with higher risks for cancer, and numerous case reports of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) and different cancer types are available. OBJECTIVES To estimate the overall and specific cancer risks in a nationwide cohort study of patients diagnosed with CLE in Sweden and compare that risk with that in a control cohort without CLE. METHODS A cohort of 3663 individuals with CLE and a matched control cohort from the general population (three controls to each CLE case) without a diagnosis of CLE were derived from the Swedish National Patient Register, 1997-2007, and were electronically linked to the Swedish Cancer Register and the Swedish Cause of Death Register. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to compare the observed vs. the expected numbers of cancers. RESULTS A total of 183 incident cancers occurred within the observation interval, yielding a HR of 1·8 (95% CI 1·5-2·2) for cancer overall. Median follow-up was 4·1 years. About a fourfold risk increase was seen for buccal cancer, lymphomas, respiratory cancer and nonmelanoma skin cancer. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CLE appear to have an elevated risk for certain cancer types, an increase that remains when excluding patients also diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. Our findings point to the importance of counselling about not smoking and sun avoidance, and underscore the need for specialized monitoring of this patient group along with bench-to-bedside research efforts to clarify pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Grönhagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Dandery Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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