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Bozgeyik E. Variations in genomic regions encoding long non-coding RNA genes associated with increased prostate cancer risk. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 791:108456. [PMID: 36948485 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
From a single restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to next generation sequencing analysis that screens the entire human genome, testing for genomic variations provides a great and robust approach to cancer testing. Non-coding RNAs have been shown to have a major impact on the development and progression of human cancers, including prostate cancer. However, the low stability of these molecules under laboratory conditions has made their clinical utility challenging, as in the case of PCA3 long non-coding RNA. Since testing for variations in genomic regions encoding non-coding RNAs offers a promising approach for cancer testing, identification and interpretation of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with prostate cancer susceptibility is of great interest. Accordingly, here, for the first time, we review and discuss current available knowledge about genomic variation of long non-coding RNA molecules in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Bozgeyik
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
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Li T, Huang S, Yan W, Zhang Y, Guo Q. FOXF2 Regulates PRUNE2 Transcription in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221118717. [PMID: 35929169 PMCID: PMC9358570 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221118717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Forkhead box F2, a member of the Forkhead box transcription factor superfamily, plays an important role in several types of cancer. However, the mechanisms of Forkhead box F2 in the progression of colorectal cancer remain unclear. PRUNE2 is closely associated with prostate cancer, neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, and melanoma. The relationship between Forkhead box F2 and PRUNE2 in colorectal cancer remains unknown. Method: We investigated the effects of Forkhead box F2 upregulation on colorectal cancer cell behavior in vitro using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, Transwell, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. Nude mouse xenografts were established to investigate the effect of Forkhead box F2 upregulation on the growth of colorectal cancer cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm the Forkhead box F2 regulation of PRUNE2 transcription. A series of in vitro assays was performed in cells with Forkhead box F2 upregulation and PRUNE2 knockdown to elucidate the function and regulatory effects of Forkhead box F2 on PRUNE2 transcription in colorectal cancer. Results: Forkhead box F2 was downregulated in colorectal cancer tissues compared with adjacent tissues. Forkhead box F2 overexpression significantly suppressed the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Forkhead box F2 directly targeted PRUNE2 to promote its transcription in colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, PRUNE2 mediated the Forkhead box F2-regulated proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, we demonstrated a significant positive correlation between Forkhead box F2 and PRUNE2 mRNA levels in colorectal cancer tissues. Conclusion: These results indicated that Forkhead box F2 and PRUNE2 in combination may serve as a prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer and that Forkhead box F2 upregulation inhibits the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by upregulating PRUNE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, 47910Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, China.,Medical School, 47910Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Silin Huang
- Medical School, 47910Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, 47910Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Faculty of Life Science and Technology, 47910Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
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Pang KH, Rosario DJ, Morgan SL, Catto JWF. Evaluation of a short RNA within Prostate Cancer Gene 3 in the predictive role for future cancer using non-malignant prostate biopsies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175070. [PMID: 28380027 PMCID: PMC5381913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate Cancer 3 (PCA3) is a long non-coding RNA (ncRNA) upregulated in prostate cancer (PCa). We recently identified a short ncRNA expressed from intron 1 of PCA3. Here we test the ability of this ncRNA to predict the presence of cancer in men with a biopsy without PCa. Methods We selected men whose initial biopsy did not identify PCa and selected matched cohorts whose subsequent biopsies revealed PCa or benign tissue. We extracted RNA from the initial biopsy and measured PCA3-shRNA2, PCA3 and PSA (qRT-PCR). Results We identified 116 men with and 94 men without an eventual diagnosis of PCa in 2–5 biopsies (mean 26 months), collected from 2002–2008. The cohorts were similar for age, PSA and surveillance period. We detected PSA and PCA3-shRNA2 RNA in all samples, and PCA3 RNA in 90% of biopsies. The expression of PCA3 and PCA3-shRNA2 were correlated (Pearson’s r = 0.37, p<0.01). There was upregulation of PCA3 (2.1-fold, t-test p = 0.02) and PCA3-shRNA2 (1.5-fold) in men with PCa on subsequent biopsy, although this was not significant for the latter RNA (p = 0.2). PCA3 was associated with the future detection of PCa (C-index 0.61, p = 0.01). This was not the case for PCA3-shRNA2 (C-index 0.55, p = 0.2). Conclusions PCA3 and PCA3-shRNA2 expression are detectable in historic biopsies and their expression is correlated suggesting co-expression. PCA3 expression was upregulated in men with PCa diagnosed at a future date, the same did not hold for PCA3-shRNA2. Futures studies should explore expression in urine and look at a time course between biopsy and PCa detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl H. Pang
- Academic Urology Unit and Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Derek J. Rosario
- Academic Urology Unit and Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Susan L. Morgan
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - James W. F. Catto
- Academic Urology Unit and Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Roberts MJ, Richards RS, Chow CWK, Doi SAR, Schirra HJ, Buck M, Samaratunga H, Perry-Keene J, Payton D, Yaxley J, Lavin MF, Gardiner RA. Prostate-based biofluids for the detection of prostate cancer: A comparative study of the diagnostic performance of cell-sourced RNA biomarkers. Prostate Int 2016; 4:97-102. [PMID: 27689066 PMCID: PMC5031901 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis requires improvement with the aid of more accurate biomarkers. Postejaculate urethral washings (PEUW) could be a physiological equivalent to urine obtained following rectal prostatic massage, the current basis for the prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) test. The aim of this study was to investigate if PEUW contained prostate-based material, evidenced by the presence of prostate specific antigen (PSA), and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of PEUW-based biomarkers. METHODS Male patients referred for elevated serum PSA or abnormal digital rectal examination provided ejaculate and PEUW samples. PSA, PCA3, and β2-microglobulin (β2M) were quantified in ejaculate and PEUW and compared with absolute and clinically significant (according to D'Amico criteria) PCa presence, as determined by biopsies. Diagnostic performance was determined and compared with serum PSA using receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS From 83 patients who provided PEUW samples, paired analysis with ejaculate samples was possible for 38 patients, while analysis in an unpaired, extended cohort was possible for 62 patients. PSA and PCA3 were detected in PEUW, normalized to β2M, and PCA3:PSA was calculated. In predicting absolute PCa status, PCA3:β2M in ejaculate [area under the curve (AUC) 0.717] and PEUW (AUC 0.569) were insignificantly better than PCA3:PSA (AUC 0.668 and 0.431, respectively) and comparable with serum PSA (AUC 0.617) with similar trends observed for the extended cohort. When considering clinically significant PCa presence, serum PSA in the comparison (AUC 0.640) and extended cohorts (AUC 0.665) was comparable with PCA3: β2M (AUC 0.667) and PCA3:PSA (AUC 0.605) in ejaculate, with lower estimates for PEUW in the comparison (PCA3: β2M AUC 0.496; PCA3:PSA AUC 0.342) and extended (PCA3: β2M AUC 0.497; PCA3:PSA AUC 0.469) cohorts. The statistical analysis was limited by sample size. CONCLUSION PEUW contains prostatic material, but has limited diagnostic accuracy when considering cell-derived DNA analysis. PCA3-based markers in ejaculate are comparable to serum PSA and digital rectal examination-urine markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Roberts
- The University of Queensland, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, Centre for Advanced Imaging, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Renee S Richards
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Clement W K Chow
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Suhail A R Doi
- Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; School of Agricultural, Computational and Environmental Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Marion Buck
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Diane Payton
- Anatomical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John Yaxley
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Martin F Lavin
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert A Gardiner
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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