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Pichardo MS, Ferrucci LM, Molina Y, Esserman DA, Irwin ML. Structural Racism, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Obesity-related Cancers among Black and Hispanic/Latino Adults in the United States: A Narrative Review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1498-1507. [PMID: 37650844 PMCID: PMC10872641 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One in three adults in the United States has obesity; a chronic disease that is implicated in the etiology of at least 14 cancers. Cancer is the leading cause of death among U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults and the second most common cause of death, after cardiovascular disease, for Black adults. Our country's legacy in overt discrimination (e.g., slavery, segregation) generated inequities across all spheres in which people function as defined by the socioecological model-biological, individual, community, structural-and two of the many areas in which it manifests today are the disproportionate burden of obesity and obesity-related cancers in populations of color. Inequities due to environmental, social, and economic factors may predispose individuals to poor lifestyle behaviors by hindering an individual's opportunity to make healthy lifestyles choices. In this review, we examined the evidence on obesity and the lifestyle guidelines for cancer prevention in relation to cancer risk and outcomes for Black and Hispanic/Latino adults. We also discussed the role of structural and societal inequities on the ability of these two communities to adopt and maintain healthful lifestyle behaviors in accordance with the lifestyle guidelines for cancer prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret S. Pichardo
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06520
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Leah M. Ferrucci
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06520
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Yamile Molina
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago and Cancer Center University of Illinois Chicago, 60607
| | - Denise A. Esserman
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Melinda L. Irwin
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06520
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520
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Pichardo MS, Minas TZ, Pichardo CM, Bailey-Whyte M, Tang W, Dorsey TH, Wooten W, Ryan BM, Loffredo CA, Ambs S. Association of Neighborhood Deprivation With Prostate Cancer and Immune Markers in African American and European American Men. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2251745. [PMID: 36662526 PMCID: PMC9860532 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.51745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Neighborhood variables may be factors in the excessive burden of prostate cancer among African American men. Objective To examine associations between neighborhood deprivation, circulating immune-oncology markers, and prostate cancer among African American and European American men. Design, Setting, and Participants A case-control study was conducted between January 1, 2005, and January 1, 2016. Participants included men with prostate cancer and age- and race-frequency-matched population controls. Participants were recruited at the Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Maryland Medical Center; controls were obtained through the Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration database. National Death Index follow-up was performed through December 31, 2020, and data analysis was conducted from February 1, 2022, through October 31, 2022. Exposures 2000 Census-tract Neighborhood Deprivation Index as a standardized score. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes included prostate cancer, all-cause mortality, and disease-specific mortality. Secondary outcomes included the National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk score and serum proteomes for 82 immune-oncology markers with pathway annotation. Results Participants included men with prostate cancer (n = 769: 405 African American, 364 European American men) and age- and race-frequency-matched population controls (n = 1023: 479 African American, 544 European American men). The median survival follow-up was 9.70 years (IQR, 5.77 years), with 219 deaths. Among 884 African American men, mean (SD) age at recruitment was 63.8 (7.6) years; mean (SD) age at recruitment among 908 European American men was 66.4 (8.1) years. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis with individual socioeconomic status adjustment, neighborhood deprivation was associated with 55% increased odds of prostate cancer among African American men (odds ratio [OR], 1.55; 95% CI, 1.33-1.81), but was not associated with the disease among European American men. Residing in the most-deprived vs least-deprived neighborhoods corresponded to 88% higher disease odds (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.30-2.75) among all men and an approximate 3-fold increase among African American men (OR, 3.58; 95% CI, 1.72-7.45), but no association was noted among European American men. In Cox proportional hazard regression analyses, socioeconomic status-adjusted neighborhood deprivation was associated with an increased all-cause mortality only among African American men (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08-1.53), whereas it was associated with metastatic disease and a 50% increased hazard of a prostate cancer-specific death among all men (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.07-2.09). In analyses restricted to controls, neighborhood deprivation was associated with increased activity scores of serum proteome-defined chemotaxis, inflammation, and tumor immunity suppression. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study suggest that deprived neighborhood residency may increase the risk of African American men for prostate cancer and a related mortality, potentially through its association with systemic immune function and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret S. Pichardo
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Tsion Zewdu Minas
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Catherine M. Pichardo
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCI, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Maeve Bailey-Whyte
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
- Data Science & Artificial Intelligence, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Tiffany H. Dorsey
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William Wooten
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center Biostatistics Shared Service, Baltimore
| | - Brid M. Ryan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christopher A. Loffredo
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
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Purcell SA, Oliveira CLP, Mackenzie M, Robson P, Lewis JD, Prado CM. Body Composition and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1118-1130. [PMID: 34918023 PMCID: PMC9340980 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Body composition parameters are not captured by measures of body mass, which may explain inconsistent associations between body weight and prostate cancer (PC) risk. The objective of this systematic review was to characterize the association between fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) parameters and PC risk. A search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science identified case-control and cohort studies that measured body composition in relation to PC risk. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Thirteen observational studies were included, of which 8 were case-control studies (n = 1572 cases, n = 1937 controls) and 5 were prospective cohort studies (n = 7854 incident cases with PC). The NOS score was 5.9 ± 1.1 for case-control studies and 8.4 ± 1.3 for cohort studies. The most common body composition technique was bioelectrical impedance analysis (n = 9 studies), followed by DXA (n = 2), computed tomography (n = 2), air displacement plethysmography (n = 1), and MRI (n = 1). No case-control studies reported differences in %FM between PC cases and controls and no consistent differences in FM or FFM (in kilograms) were observed. Two out of 5 cohort studies reported that higher %FM was associated with lower PC risk. Conversely, 3 cohort studies reported a greater risk of being diagnosed with advanced/aggressive PC with higher FM (expressed in kilograms, %FM, or fat distribution). Two out of 4 studies (both case-control and cohort) found that higher abdominal adipose tissue was associated with increased PC risk. In conclusion, although results were inconsistent, there is some evidence that FM may be negatively associated with total PC risk but positively associated with the risk of advanced/aggressive PC; modest evidence suggests that abdominal adipose tissue may increase the risk of PC. Future work should elucidate unique patterns of FM distribution and PC risk to triage men at risk for developing PC. This study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database as CRD42019133388.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Purcell
- Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Camila L P Oliveira
- Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michelle Mackenzie
- Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paula Robson
- Cancer Care Alberta and the Cancer Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John D Lewis
- Department of Experimental Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Agalliu I, Lin WKJ, Zhang JS, Jacobson JS, Rohan TE, Adusei B, Snyper NYF, Andrews C, Sidahmed E, Mensah JE, Biritwum R, Adjei AA, Okyne V, Ainuson-Quampah J, Fernandez P, Irusen H, Odiaka E, Folasire OF, Ifeoluwa MG, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach OI, Nwegbu MM, Pentz A, Chen WC, Joffe M, Neugut AI, Diallo TA, Jalloh M, Rebbeck TR, Adebiyi AO, Hsing AW. Overall and central obesity and prostate cancer risk in African men. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:223-239. [PMID: 34783926 PMCID: PMC8776598 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE African men are disproportionately affected by prostate cancer (PCa). Given the increasing prevalence of obesity in Africa, and its association with aggressive PCa in other populations, we examined the relationship of overall and central obesity with risks of total and aggressive PCa among African men. METHODS Between 2016 and 2020, we recruited 2,200 PCa cases and 1,985 age-matched controls into a multi-center, hospital-based case-control study in Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria, and South Africa. Participants completed an epidemiologic questionnaire, and anthropometric factors were measured at clinic visit. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations of overall and central obesity with PCa risk, measured by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), respectively. RESULTS Among controls 16.4% were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), 26% and 90% had WC > 97 cm and WHR > 0.9, respectively. Cases with aggressive PCa had lower BMI/obesity in comparison to both controls and cases with less aggressive PCa, suggesting weight loss related to cancer. Overall obesity (odds ratio: OR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.99-1.93), and central obesity (WC > 97 cm: OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.10-2.33; and WHtR > 0.59: OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.24-2.29) were positively associated with D'Amico intermediate-risk PCa, but not with risks of total or high-risk PCa. Associations were more pronounced in West versus South Africa, but these differences were not statistically significant. DISCUSSION The high prevalence of overall and central obesity in African men and their association with intermediate-risk PCa represent an emerging public health concern in Africa. Large cohort studies are needed to better clarify the role of obesity and PCa in various African populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Agalliu
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Wei-Kaung Jerry Lin
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Janice S Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Judith S Jacobson
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | | | | | | | - Elkhansa Sidahmed
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James E Mensah
- Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital and University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard Biritwum
- Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital and University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrew A Adjei
- College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Victoria Okyne
- Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital and University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joana Ainuson-Quampah
- College of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Emeka Odiaka
- College of Medicine and University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Oseremen I Aisuodionoe-Shadrach
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, and University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, and University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Audrey Pentz
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (Pty) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wenlong Carl Chen
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (Pty) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maureen Joffe
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (Pty) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thierno Amadou Diallo
- Institut de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé Familiale, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mohamed Jalloh
- Institut de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé Familiale, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ann W Hsing
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, 780 Welch Road, Room 250D, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Zhu D, Toker M, Shyr W, Fram E, Watts KL, Agalliu I. Association of obesity and diabetes with prostate cancer risk groups in a multiethnic population. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022; 20:299-299.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Guha A, Wang X, Harris RA, Nelson AG, Stepp D, Klaassen Z, Raval P, Cortes J, Coughlin SS, Bogdanov VY, Moore JX, Desai N, Miller DD, Lu XY, Kim HW, Weintraub NL. Obesity and the Bidirectional Risk of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases in African Americans: Disparity vs. Ancestry. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:761488. [PMID: 34733899 PMCID: PMC8558482 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.761488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer often occur in the same individuals, in part due to the shared risk factors such as obesity. Obesity promotes adipose inflammation, which is pathogenically linked to both cardiovascular disease and cancer. Compared with Caucasians, the prevalence of obesity is significantly higher in African Americans (AA), who exhibit more pronounced inflammation and, in turn, suffer from a higher burden of CVD and cancer-related mortality. The mechanisms that underlie this association among obesity, inflammation, and the bidirectional risk of CVD and cancer, particularly in AA, remain to be determined. Socio-economic disparities such as lack of access to healthy and affordable food may promote obesity and exacerbate hypertension and other CVD risk factors in AA. In turn, the resulting pro-inflammatory milieu contributes to the higher burden of CVD and cancer in AA. Additionally, biological factors that regulate systemic inflammation may be contributory. Mutations in atypical chemokine receptor 1 (ACKR1), otherwise known as the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC), confer protection against malaria. Many AAs carry a mutation in the gene encoding this receptor, resulting in loss of its expression. ACKR1 functions as a decoy chemokine receptor, thus dampening chemokine receptor activation and inflammation. Published and preliminary data in humans and mice genetically deficient in ACKR1 suggest that this common gene mutation may contribute to ethnic susceptibility to obesity-related disease, CVD, and cancer. In this narrative review, we present the evidence regarding obesity-related disparities in the bidirectional risk of CVD and cancer and also discuss the potential association of gene polymorphisms in AAs with emphasis on ACKR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avirup Guha
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ryan A. Harris
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Anna-Gay Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Paine College, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - David Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Zachary Klaassen
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Priyanka Raval
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jorge Cortes
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Steven S. Coughlin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | | | - Justin X. Moore
- Cancer Prevention, Control, and Population Health Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Nihar Desai
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - D. Douglas Miller
- Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Xin-Yun Lu
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ha Won Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Neal L. Weintraub
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Sattayapiwat O, Wan P, Hernandez BY, Le Marchand L, Wilkens L, Haiman CA. Association of Anthropometric Measures With the Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:1770-1783. [PMID: 33751036 PMCID: PMC8675395 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In studies of anthropometric measures and prostate cancer risk, conducted primarily in White men, positive associations with advanced disease have been reported. We assessed body size in relation to incident prostate cancer risk in 79,950 men from the Multiethnic Cohort, with 8,819 cases identified over 22 years (1993-2015). Height was associated with increased risk of advanced prostate cancer (≥68 inches (≥ 173 cm) vs. < 66 inches (168 cm); hazard ratio (HR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.48) and high-grade disease (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.31). Compared with men of normal weight, men overweight at baseline were at higher risk of high-grade cancer (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.26). Greater weight was positively associated with localized and low-grade disease in Blacks and Native Hawaiians (by race, P for heterogeneity = 0.0002 and 0.008, respectively). Weight change since age 21 years was positively associated with high-grade disease (for ≥ 40 pounds (18 kg) vs. 10 pounds (4.5 kg), HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.37; P for trend = 0.005). Comparing highest versus lowest quartile, waist-to-hip ratio was associated with a 1.78-fold increase (95% CI: 1.28, 2.46) in the risk of advanced prostate cancer. Positive associations with the majority of anthropometric measures were observed in all 5 racial/ethnic groups, suggesting a general impact of anthropometric measures on risk across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher A Haiman
- Correspondence to Dr. Christopher A. Haiman, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Harlyne Norris Research Tower, 1450 Biggy Street, Room 1504A, Mail Code LG591 MC9601, Los Angeles, CA 90033 (e-mail: )
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Asare GA, Owusu-Boateng E, Asiedu B, Amoah BY, Essendoh E, Otoo RY. Oxidised low-density lipoprotein, a possible distinguishing lipid profile biomolecule between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13321. [PMID: 31145504 DOI: 10.1111/and.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) share common conditions such as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and dyslipidaemia. Whether an extensive lipid profile analysis could discriminate between BPH and PCa was the objective. Thirty-six (36) BPH and twenty (20) PCa outpatients of a urology clinic plus forty (40) controls without LUTS, but normal PSA, were recruited. Body mass index (BMI), lipid profile (total cholesterol [CHOL], triglycerides [TG], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], very-low-density lipoprotein [VLDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL] and Castelli's risk index I [CR I] [TC/HDL]), oxidised LDL, apolipoprotein E, ceramide and PSA were determined. Mean ages for BPH, PCa and control were 69 ± 13, 67 ± 10 and 53 ± 7 years respectively. Most parameters apart from BMI and HDL were significantly different compared to the control group. oxLDL for BPH versus control, PCa versus control and BPH versus PCa was significant (p < 0.001, p = 0.02 and p < 0.001 respectively). Ceramide showed significant group differences. Between BPH and PCa, total cholesterol, LDL and Apo E were significantly different (p = 0.00, p = 0.01 and p = 0.03 respectively). Apo E could potentially be a discriminating biomarker. Receiver operating characteristic curves for TPSA, Apo E and oxLDL demonstrated sensitivity of 69.44 and specificity of 88.24 for oxLDL, hence more discriminatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Awuku Asare
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emmanunella Owusu-Boateng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Bernice Asiedu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Brodrick Yeboah Amoah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Eric Essendoh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rabin Yitzhak Otoo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
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