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Al-Soneidar WA, Harper S, Coutlée F, Gheit T, Tommasino M, Nicolau B. Prevalence of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Human Papillomaviruses in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer and Noncancer Controls and Relation to Behavioral Factors. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1088-1096. [PMID: 37584283 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause head and neck cancer (HNC), which is increasing in incidence in developed countries. We investigated the prevalence of alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ) HPVs among HNC cases and controls, and their relationship with sociodemographic, behavioral, and oral health factors. METHODS We obtained oral rinse and brush samples from incident HNC cases (n = 369) and hospital-based controls (n = 439) and tumor samples for a subsample of cases (n = 121). We genotyped samples using polymerase chain reaction with PGMY09-PGMY11 primers and linear array for α-HPV and type-specific multiplex genotyping assay for β-HPV and γ-HPV. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were obtained from interviews. RESULTS The prevalence of α-, β-, and γ-HPV among controls was 14%, 56%, and 24%, respectively, whereas prevalence among cases was 42%, 50%, and 33%, respectively. Prevalence of α- and γ-HPV, but not β-HPV, increased with increase in sexual activity, smoking, and drinking habits. No HPV genus was associated with oral health. Tumor samples included HPV genotypes exclusively from the α-genus, mostly HPV-16, in 80% of cases. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of α- and γ-HPV, but not β-HPV, seems to vary based on sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. We did not observe the presence of cutaneous HPV in tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid A Al-Soneidar
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University
| | - Sam Harper
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University
| | - François Coutlée
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Notre-Dame du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer-World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer-World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Belinda Nicolau
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University
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2
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Gao S, Zhang Z, Sun K, Li MX, Qi YJ. Upper gastrointestinal tract microbiota with oral origin in relation to oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Med 2023; 55:2295401. [PMID: 38151037 PMCID: PMC10763922 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2295401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Poor oral hygiene is linked to high risks of many systemic diseases, including cancers. Oral dysbiosis is closely associated with poor oral hygiene, causing tooth loss, gingivitis, and periodontitis. We provide a summary of studies and discuss the risk factors for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) from a microbial perspective in this review.Methods: A literature search of studies published before December 31, 2022 from PubMed, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library was performed. The search strategies included the following keywords: (1) oral care, oral health, oral hygiene, dental health, dental hygiene, tooth loss, teeth loss, tooth absence, missing teeth, edentulism, tooth brushing, mouthwash, and tooth cleaning; (2) esophageal, esophagus, oesophagus, and oesophageal; (3) cancer, carcinoma, tumor, and neoplasm.Discussion: Poor oral health, indicated by infrequent tooth brushing, chronic periodontitis, and tooth loss, has been associated with an increased risk of squamous dysplasia and ESCC. Oral microbial diversity and composition are profoundly dysregulated during oesophageal tumorigenesis. Similar to the oral microbiota, the oesophageal microbiota varies distinctly in multiple bacterial taxa in ESCC and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, both of which have high co-occurrence rates in the "Oesophageal Cancer Belt". In addition, the potential roles of oncogenic viruses in ESCC have also been discussed. We also briefly explore the potential mechanisms underlying the tumor-promoting role of dysregulated microbiota for the development of therapeutic targeting strategies.Conclusion: Poor oral health is an established risk indicator of ESCC. The dysbiosis of microbiota in upper gastrointestinal tract that highly resembles the oral microbial ecosystem but with distinct features at individual sites contributes to the development and progression of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shegan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zichao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Kui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Meng-Xiang Li
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yi-Jun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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3
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Zhao H, Wei Y, Zhang J, Zhang K, Tian L, Liu Y, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Shi S, Fu Z, Fu J, Zhao J, Li X, Zhang L, Zhao L, Liu K. HPV16 infection promotes the malignant transformation of the esophagus and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29132. [PMID: 37792307 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) may be correlated with HPV infection, and the mechanism underlying the ESCC formation induced by HPV16 infection remains elusive. Here, we overexpressed HPV16 E6 and E7 and coordinated the overexpression of these two genes in EPC2 and ESCC cells. We found that E7 and coordinated expression of E6 and E7 promoted the proliferation of EPC2 cells, and upregulation of shh was responsible for cell proliferation since the use of vismodegib led to the failure of organoid formation. Meanwhile, overexpression of E6 and E7 in ESCC cells promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Importantly, E6 and E7 coordinately increased the capability of tumor growth in nude mice, while vismodegib slowed the growth of tumors in NCG mice. Moreover, a series of genes and proteins changed in cell lines after overexpression of the E6 and E7 genes, the potential biological processes and pathways were systematically analyzed using a bioinformatics assay. Together, these findings suggest that the activation of the hedgehog pathway induced by HPV16 infection may initially transform basal cells in the esophagus and promote following malignant processes in ESCC cells. The application of hedgehog inhibitors may represent a therapeutic avenue for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhou Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Wei
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Tian
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongpan Liu
- School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Shi
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Fu
- Department of Radiotherapy, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team (Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University), Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqian Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Liran Zhao
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuancan Liu
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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4
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Stasiewicz M, Karpiński TM. The oral microbiota and its role in carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:633-642. [PMID: 34743032 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, cancer continues to be a major global health concern. In recent years, the role played by microorganisms in the development and progression of cancer has come under increased scrutiny. The aim of the present review is to highlight the main associations between members of the human oral microbiota and various cancers. The PubMed database was searched for available literature to outline the current state of understanding regarding the role of the oral microbiota and a variety of human cancers. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with carriage of a number of oral bacteria (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus sp.), certain viruses (e.g., human papilloma virus, human herpes virus 8, herpes simplex virus 1 and Epstein-Barr virus) and yeast (Candida albicans). Moreover, members of the oral microbiota are associated with cancers of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, colon/rectum and lung. Furthermore, the present review outlines a number of the carcinogenic mechanisms underlying the presented microbial associations with cancer. Such information may one day help clinicians to diagnose neoplastic diseases at earlier stages and prescribe treatments that take into account the possible microbial nature of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Stasiewicz
- Research Group of Medical Microbiology, Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Tomasz M Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland.
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5
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Baj J, Forma A, Dudek I, Chilimoniuk Z, Dobosz M, Dobrzyński M, Teresiński G, Buszewicz G, Flieger J, Portincasa P. The Involvement of Human Papilloma Virus in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2607. [PMID: 35681587 PMCID: PMC9179480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. HPV infection has a strong relationship with the onset of cervix uteri, vagina, penis, anus, and oropharynx, but also tonsils and tongue cancers. Some epidemiological data indicate that except for gynecologic cancers, HPV infection can be one of the risk factors associated with a greater risk of induction and progression of gastrointestinal cancers. Data, however, remain contradictory and definite conclusions cannot be drawn, so far. The following review aims to organize recent evidence and summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the association between HPV infection and gastrointestinal tumors primarily focusing on esophageal, liver, gastric, colorectal, and anal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Iga Dudek
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Zuzanna Chilimoniuk
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Maciej Dobosz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Michał Dobrzyński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Grzegorz Buszewicz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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6
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Salinas-Montalvo AM, Supramaniam A, McMillan NA, Idris A. RNA-based gene targeting therapies for human papillomavirus driven cancers. Cancer Lett 2021; 523:111-120. [PMID: 34627949 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While platinum-based chemotherapy, radiation therapy and or surgery are effective in reducing human papillomavirus (HPV) driven cancer tumours, they have some significant drawbacks, including low specificity for tumour, toxicity, and severe adverse effects. Though current therapies for HPV-driven cancers are effective, severe late toxicity associated with current treatments contributes to the deterioration of patient quality of life. This warrants the need for novel therapies for HPV derived cancers. In this short review, we examined RNA-based therapies targeting the major HPV oncogenes, including short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) as putative treatment modalities. We also explore other potential RNA-based targeting approaches such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and mRNA vaccines as future treatment modalities for HPV cancers. Some of these technologies have already been approved for clinical use for a range of other human diseases but not for HPV cancers. Here we explore the emerging evidence supporting the effectiveness of some of these gene-based therapies for HPV malignancies. In short, the evidence sheds promising light on the feasibility of translating these technologies into a clinically relevant treatment modality for HPV derived cancers and potentially other virally driven human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Salinas-Montalvo
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Aroon Supramaniam
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Nigel Aj McMillan
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Adi Idris
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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7
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Liu H, Dong Z. Cancer Etiology and Prevention Principle: "1 + X". Cancer Res 2021; 81:5377-5395. [PMID: 34470778 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer was previously thought to be an inevitable aspect of human health with no effective treatments. However, the results of in-depth cancer research suggest that most types of cancer may be preventable. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the disparities in cancer burden caused by different risk factors is essential to inform and improve cancer prevention and control. Here, we propose the cancer etiology and prevention principle "1 + X," where 1 denotes the primary risk factor for a cancer and X represents the secondary contributing risk factors for the cancer. We elaborate upon the "1 + X" principle with respect to risk factors for several different cancer types. The "1 + X" principle can be used for precise prevention of cancer by eliminating the main cause of a cancer and minimizing the contributing factors at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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8
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Yuan X, Liu K, Li Y, Zhang AZ, Wang XL, Jiang CH, Liang WH, Zhang HJ, Pang LJ, Li M, Yang L, Qi Y, Zheng Q, Li F, Hu JM. HPV16 infection promotes an M2 macrophage phenotype to promote the invasion and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:2382-2393. [PMID: 34075547 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02642-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is an important risk factor for esophageal cancer. Macrophages constitute a crucial immune medium for regulating HPV-related tumors; however, the specific regulatory mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, the purpose of our current study was to investigate the mechanism by which HPV16E6 regulates macrophages to promote the invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer. METHODS HPV16E6 infection was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was used to verify the distribution of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and MMP-9 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues (ESCCs), and cancer adjacent normal tissues (CANs) from Kazakh patients. ESCC cells were transfected with a plasmid over-expressing HPV16E6 and non-contact cocultured with macrophages. RESULTS The infection rate of HPV16E6 in Kazakh ESCCs was clearly higher than that in CANs (P < 0.05). The density of CD163-positive TAMs was significantly positively correlated with HPV16E6 infection in ESCCs (P < 0.05). After coculturing macrophages and EC9706 cells transfected with the HPV16E6 plasmid, the phenotype of macrophages transformed into M2 macrophages. The migration and invasion ability of ESCC cells were higher in the HPV16E6-transfected and coculture group than in the HPV16E6 empty vector-transfected and non-cocultured HPV16E6-transfected groups (all P < 0.05). The density of M2-like TAMs in ESCCs was positively correlated with the level of MMP-9 expression. MMP-9 expression in the HPV16E6-ESCC coculture macrophages group was substantially higher than that in controls (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HPV16 infection mediates tumor-associated macrophages to promote ESCC invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yuan
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi , Xinjiang , 832000, China
| | - K Liu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi , Xinjiang , 832000, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi , Xinjiang , 832000, China
| | - A Z Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi , Xinjiang , 832000, China
| | - X L Wang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi , Xinjiang , 832000, China
| | - C H Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi , Xinjiang , 832000, China
| | - W H Liang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi , Xinjiang , 832000, China
| | - H J Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi , Xinjiang , 832000, China
| | - L J Pang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi , Xinjiang , 832000, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi , Xinjiang , 832000, China
| | - L Yang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi , Xinjiang , 832000, China
| | - Y Qi
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi , Xinjiang , 832000, China
| | - Q Zheng
- 69245 Military Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 831500, China
| | - F Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi , Xinjiang , 832000, China.,Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10020, China
| | - J M Hu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi , Xinjiang , 832000, China.
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9
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Businello G, Fassan M, Degasperi S, Traverso G, Scarpa M, Angriman I, Kotsafti A, Castagliuolo I, Sbaraglia M, Bardini R, Scarpa M. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metachronous to head and neck cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 219:153346. [PMID: 33545655 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In some HNSCC patients, a metachronous ESCC may develop. No information is available on the HNSCC-associated ESCCs microenvironment and etiology. METHODS Among 134 ESCCs surgically treated between 2009 and 2015, a series of 6 HNSCC-associated ESCCs was collected. A series of 12 sex-, age- and stage-matched ESCCs with no previous oncological medical history was selected for comparison. Histologic assessment of intratumoral inflammatory infiltration and immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD8, CD80, PD1, PD-L1 and p53 were performed. HPV detection/genotyping was assessed by PCR single step and reverse line blot. RESULTS HPV DNA was negative in all the HNSCC-associated ESCCs. In comparison to non-HNSCC-associated carcinomas, the 6 cases presented a lower lymphomonocytic infiltration, which also corresponded to a lower prevalence of CD4 + T cell infiltration and, 5/6 cases presented a PD-L1 CPS ≥ 1. All the HNSCC-associated ESCCs resulted positive for p53 immunostaining in ≥50 % of cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that HPV infection is not an etiological factor associated to ESCC after HNSCC. On the other hand, p53 overexpression is a common finding. Moreover, our data suggest that an altered immune microenvironment, conditioned by a dysregulation in lymphomonocytic infiltration, may be a crucial factor allowing the occurrence of a metachronous ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Dept. of Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Degasperi
- General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Traverso
- Dept. of Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Melania Scarpa
- Lab. of AdvancedTraslationalResearch, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV-IRCCS), Padua, Italy
| | - Imerio Angriman
- General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Andromachi Kotsafti
- Lab. of AdvancedTraslationalResearch, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV-IRCCS), Padua, Italy
| | | | - Marta Sbaraglia
- Dept. of Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Romeo Bardini
- General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Scarpa
- General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy.
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Accordino G, Lettieri S, Bortolotto C, Benvenuti S, Gallotti A, Gattoni E, Agustoni F, Pozzi E, Rinaldi P, Primiceri C, Morbini P, Lancia A, Stella GM. From Interconnection between Genes and Microenvironment to Novel Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Upper Gastro-Intestinal Cancers-A Multidisciplinary Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082105. [PMID: 32751137 PMCID: PMC7465773 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress during the last decade, patients with advanced gastric and esophageal cancers still have poor prognosis. Finding optimal therapeutic strategies represents an unmet need in this field. Several prognostic and predictive factors have been evaluated and may guide clinicians in choosing a tailored treatment. Data from large studies investigating the role of immunotherapy in gastrointestinal cancers are promising but further investigations are necessary to better select those patients who can mostly benefit from these novel therapies. This review will focus on the treatment of metastatic esophageal and gastric cancer. We will review the standard of care and the role of novel therapies such as immunotherapies and CAR-T. Moreover, we will focus on the analysis of potential predictive biomarkers such as Modify as: Microsatellite Instability (MSI) and PD-L1, which may lead to treatment personalization and improved treatment outcomes. A multidisciplinary point of view is mandatory to generate an integrated approach to properly exploit these novel antiproliferative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Accordino
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27000 Pavia, Italy; (G.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Sara Lettieri
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27000 Pavia, Italy; (G.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Chandra Bortolotto
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27000 Pavia, Italy; (C.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Silvia Benvenuti
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l’Oncologia (FPO)-IRCCS-Str. Prov.le 142, km. 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy;
| | - Anna Gallotti
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27000 Pavia, Italy; (C.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Gattoni
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) AL, 27000 Casale Monferrato (AL), Italy;
| | - Francesco Agustoni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Oncology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27000 Pavia, Italy; (F.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Emma Pozzi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Oncology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27000 Pavia, Italy; (F.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Pietro Rinaldi
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Unit of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27000 Pavia, Italy; (P.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Cristiano Primiceri
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Unit of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27000 Pavia, Italy; (P.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Patrizia Morbini
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Unit of Pathology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27000 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Lancia
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Radiation Therapy, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27000 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Giulia Maria Stella
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27000 Pavia, Italy; (G.A.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382503369; Fax: +39-0382502719
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Gheit T. Mucosal and Cutaneous Human Papillomavirus Infections and Cancer Biology. Front Oncol 2019; 9:355. [PMID: 31134154 PMCID: PMC6517478 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviridae is a family of small non-enveloped icosahedral viruses with double-stranded circular DNA. More than 200 different human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been listed so far. Based on epidemiological data, a subgroup of alphapapillomaviruses (alpha HPVs) was referred to as high-risk (HR) HPV types. HR HPVs are the etiological agents of anogenital cancer and a subset of head and neck cancers. The cutaneous HPV types, mainly from beta and gamma genera, are widely present on the surface of the skin in the general population. However, there is growing evidence of an etiological role of betapapillomaviruses (beta HPVs) in non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), together with ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Studies performed on mucosal HR HPV types, such as 16 and 18, showed that both oncoproteins E6 and E7 play a key role in cervical cancer by altering pathways involved in the host immune response to establish a persistent infection and by promoting cellular transformation. Continuous expression of E6 and E7 of mucosal HR HPV types is essential to initiate and to maintain the cellular transformation process, whereas expression of E6 and E7 of cutaneous HPV types is not required for the maintenance of the skin cancer phenotype. Beta HPV types appear to play a role in the initiation of skin carcinogenesis, by exacerbating the accumulation of UV radiation-induced DNA breaks and somatic mutations (the hit-and-run mechanism), and they would therefore act as facilitators rather than direct actors in NMSC. In this review, the natural history of HPV infection and the transforming properties of various HPV genera will be described, with a particular focus on describing the state of knowledge about the role of cutaneous HPV types in NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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Cladel NM, Jiang P, Li JJ, Peng X, Cooper TK, Majerciak V, Balogh KK, Meyer TJ, Brendle SA, Budgeon LR, Shearer DA, Munden R, Cam M, Vallur R, Christensen ND, Zheng ZM, Hu J. Papillomavirus can be transmitted through the blood and produce infections in blood recipients: Evidence from two animal models. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:1108-1121. [PMID: 31340720 PMCID: PMC6713970 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1637072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) contribute to most cervical cancers and are considered to be sexually transmitted. However, papillomaviruses are often found in cancers of internal organs, including the stomach, raising the question as to how the viruses gain access to these sites. A possible connection between blood transfusion and HPV-associated disease has not received much attention. Here we show, in rabbit and mouse models, that blood infected with papillomavirus yields infections at permissive sites with detectable viral DNA, RNA transcripts, and protein products. The rabbit skin tumours induced via blood infection displayed decreased expression of SLN, TAC1, MYH8, PGAM2, and APOBEC2 and increased expression of SDRC7, KRT16, S100A9, IL36G, and FABP9, as seen in tumours induced by local infections. Furthermore, we demonstrate that blood from infected mice can transmit the infection to uninfected animals. Finally, we demonstrate the presence of papillomavirus infections and virus-induced hyperplasia in the stomach tissues of animals infected via the blood. These results indicate that blood transmission could be another route for papillomavirus infection, implying that the human blood supply, which is not screened for papillomaviruses, could be a potential source of HPV infection as well as subsequent cancers in tissues not normally associated with the viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M. Cladel
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Tumor Virus RNA Biology Section, RNA Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwei J. Li
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Xuwen Peng
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA , USA
| | - Timothy K. Cooper
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Vladimir Majerciak
- Tumor Virus RNA Biology Section, RNA Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Karla K. Balogh
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Sarah A. Brendle
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Lynn R. Budgeon
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Debra A. Shearer
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Regina Munden
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA , USA
| | - Maggie Cam
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raghavan Vallur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Neil D. Christensen
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Zhi-Ming Zheng
- Tumor Virus RNA Biology Section, RNA Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jiafen Hu
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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