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Park SS, Zaman T, Kim SJ, Brooks JD, Wong AKO, Lubiński J, Narod SA, Salmena L, Kotsopoulos J. Correlates of Circulating Osteoprotegerin in Women with a Pathogenic or Likely Pathogenic Variant in the BRCA1 Gene. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:298-305. [PMID: 38015775 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), the decoy receptor for receptor activator of NFκB (RANK)-ligand, have been reported among women with a BRCA1 mutation, suggesting OPG may be marker of cancer risk. Whether various reproductive, hormonal, or lifestyle factors impact OPG levels in these women is unknown. METHODS BRCA1 mutation carriers enrolled in a longitudinal study, no history of cancer, and a serum sample for OPG quantification, were included. Exposure information was collected through self-reported questionnaire at study enrollment and every 2 years thereafter. Serum OPG levels (pg/mL) were measured using an ELISA, and generalized linear models were used to assess the associations between reproductive, hormonal, and lifestyle exposures at the time of blood collection with serum OPG. Adjusted means were estimated using the fully adjusted model. RESULTS A total of 701 women with a median age at blood collection of 39.0 years (18.0-82.0) were included. Older age (Spearman r = 0.24; P < 0.001) and current versus never smoking (98.82 vs. 86.24 pg/mL; Pcat < 0.001) were associated with significantly higher OPG, whereas ever versus never coffee consumption was associated with significantly lower OPG (85.92 vs. 94.05 pg/mL; Pcat = 0.03). There were no other significant associations for other exposures (P ≥ 0.06). The evaluated factors accounted for 7.5% of the variability in OPG. CONCLUSIONS OPG is minimally influenced by hormonal and lifestyle factors among BRCA1 mutation carriers. IMPACT These findings suggest that circulating OPG levels are not impacted by non-genetic factors in high-risk women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sohyun Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tasnim Zaman
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shana J Kim
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jennifer D Brooks
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andy Kin On Wong
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Osteoporosis Program, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Read-Gene S.A., Grzepnica, Poland
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Leonardo Salmena
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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de Souza TM, Batista ST, de Souza RXS, Rezende SE, Alessi MS, Almeida TFA, Frazão DC, Pretti H, Freitas RDS, Macari S. The Effects of NAM on the Symmetry of the Face and Maxillary Arch in Babies With Unilateral Cleft. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:1618-1624. [PMID: 37307242 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of nasoalveolar molding (NAM) therapy through reverse engineering, or its absence, to obtain symmetry of the face and maxillary arch. Twenty-six babies with unilateral cleft lip and palate received treatment with NAM, and 12 babies with unilateral cleft lip and palate without presurgical orthopedics (control group). Patients were molded and photographed in 2-stages: the first month of life (T1/pre) and after the use of NAM/before the cheiloplasty (T2/post). In the digital models, the analyses performed were arch perimeter, arch length, and labial frenulum angle. The photographs allowed us to analyze nasal width, mouth width, columella angle, and nostril area. The results demonstrated that there was an increase in arch perimeter and arch length in control and NAM groups in the T2 period in comparison to T1. Labial frenulum angle was reduced in the NAM group compared to the NAM-T1 and control-T2 periods. Treatment with NAM yielded a reduction in nasal width in the period of T2 compared with T1. Columella angle was enhanced after NAM use in T2 and, was different from control group. The nostril area was reduced in the NAM group in T2 compared with control group. Nasoalveolar molding therapy reduced the labial frenulum angle, contributing to a reduction in the extension of the cleft. The NAM protocol improved facial symmetry, mainly through nasal effects, whereas the absence of orthopedic therapy yielded a commitment to the face and maxillary arch symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Mara de Souza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais
| | - Sabrina Tailane Batista
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais
| | | | - Sérgio Edriane Rezende
- Department of Head and Neck Surgeon and Skull-Maxillofacial Surgeon, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
- Plastic Surgery Service-CENTRARE-Hospital of Baleia
| | | | | | - Diogo Campos Frazão
- Department of Science and Technology Applied to Dentistry, Institute of Science/Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp), São José dos Campos Campus, SP
| | - Henrique Pretti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais
| | - Renato da Silva Freitas
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Unit, School of Medicine, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Soraia Macari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais
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Zhao M, Ma L, Honda T, Kato A, Ohshiro T, Yokoyama S, Yamamoto K, Ito T, Imai N, Ishizu Y, Nakamura M, Kawashima H, Tsuji NM, Ishigami M, Fujishiro M. Astaxanthin Attenuates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis with Downregulation of Osteoprotegerin in Ovariectomized Mice Fed Choline-Deficient High-Fat Diet. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:155-163. [PMID: 35397697 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmenopausal estrogen decline increases the risk of developing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and it might accelerate progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. AIMS This study aimed to investigate a novel therapy for postmenopausal women who are diagnosed with NASH. METHODS Seven-week-old female C57BL/6 J mice were divided into three experimental groups as follows: (1) sham operation (SHAM group), (2) ovariectomy (OVX group), and (3) ovariectomy + 0.02% astaxanthin (OVX + ASTX group). These three groups of mice were fed a choline-deficient high-fat (CDHF) diet for 8 weeks. Blood serum and liver tissues were collected to examine liver injury, histological changes, and hepatic genes associated with NASH. An in vitro study was performed with the hepatic stellate cell line LX-2. RESULTS The administration of ASTX significantly improved pathological NASH with suppressed steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, in comparison with those in the OVX-induced estrogen deficiency group. As a result, liver injury was also attenuated with reduced levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase. In addition, our study found that ASTX supplementation decreased hepatic osteoprotegerin (OPG) in vivo, a possible factor that contributes to NASH development. In vitro, this study further confirmed that ASTX has an inhibitory effect on the secretion of OPG in LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ASTX alleviates CDHF-OVX-induced pathohistological NASH with downregulated OPG, possibly via suppression of the transforming growth factor beta pathway. ASTX could has promise for use in postmenopausal women diagnosed with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Lingyun Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Asuka Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.,ITOCHU Collaborative Research-Molecular Targeted Cancer Treatment for Next Generation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Taichi Ohshiro
- ITOCHU Collaborative Research-Molecular Targeted Cancer Treatment for Next Generation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takanori Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Norihiro Imai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoji Ishizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masanao Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Noriko M Tsuji
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Immune Homeostasis, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Food Science, Jumonji University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Park SS, Uzelac A, Kotsopoulos J. Delineating the role of osteoprotegerin as a marker of breast cancer risk among women with a BRCA1 mutation. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2022; 20:14. [PMID: 35418083 PMCID: PMC9008947 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-022-00223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with a pathogenic germline mutation in the BRCA1 gene face a very high lifetime risk of developing breast cancer, estimated at 72% by age 80. Prophylactic bilateral mastectomy is the only effective way to lower their risk; however, most women with a mutation opt for intensive screening with annual MRI and mammography. Given that the BRCA1 gene was identified over 20 years ago, there is a need to identify a novel non-surgical approach to hereditary breast cancer prevention. Here, we provide a review of the emerging preclinical and epidemiologic evidence implicating the dysregulation of progesterone-mediated receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) signaling in the pathogenesis of BRCA1-associated breast cancer. Experimental studies have demonstrated that RANK inhibition suppresses Brca1-mammary tumorigenesis, suggesting a potential target for prevention. Data from studies conducted among women with a BRCA1 mutation further support this pathway in BRCA1-associated breast cancer development. Progesterone-containing (but not estrogen-alone) hormone replacement therapy is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in women with a BRCA1 mutation. Furthermore, BRCA1 mutation carriers have significantly lower levels of circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG), the decoy receptor for RANK-ligand (RANKL) and thus endogenous inhibitor of RANK signaling. OPG levels may be associated with the risk of disease, suggesting a role of this protein as a potential biomarker of breast cancer risk. This may improve upon current risk prediction models, stratifying women at the highest risk of developing the disease, and further identify those who may be targets for anti-RANKL chemoprevention. Collectively, the evidence supports therapeutic inhibition of the RANK pathway for the primary prevention of BRCA1-associated breast cancer, which may generate unique prevention strategies (without prophylactic surgery) and enhance quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sohyun Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Uzelac
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Local Production of Osteoprotegerin by Osteoblasts Suppresses Bone Resorption. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108052. [PMID: 32905775 PMCID: PMC7493998 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) inhibits the ability of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) to stimulate the differentiation, activity, and survival of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Genetic studies in mice show that osteocytes are an important source of RANKL, but the cellular sources of OPG are unclear. We use conditional deletion of Tnfrsf11b, which encodes OPG, from different cell populations to identify functionally relevant sources of OPG in mice. Deletion from B lymphocytes and osteocytes, two cell types commonly thought to supply OPG, has little or no impact on bone mass. By contrast, deletion of Tnfrsf11b from osteoblasts increases bone resorption and reduces bone mass to an extent similar to germline deletion, demonstrating that osteoblasts are an essential source of OPG. These results suggest that, in addition to producing new bone matrix, osteoblasts also play an active role in terminating the resorption phase of the bone remodeling cycle by suppressing RANKL activity.
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Amaro ERS, Ortiz FR, Dorneles LS, Santos MDS, Barrioni BR, Miranda RM, Garlet GP, Teixeira MM, Szawka RE, Silva TA, Macari S. Estrogen protects dental roots from orthodontic-induced inflammatory resorption. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104820. [PMID: 32592932 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Root resorption is a side effect of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Despite the recognized role of estrogen on bone, there is little information about their effects on orthodontic-induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR). We aimed to investigate if estrogen deficiency affects OIIRR in two mice strains. METHODS Female Balb/C (Balb) and C57BL6/J (C57) mice were ovariectomized (OVX) and replaced with estradiol (E2). Tooth samples subjected or not to OTM were collected and analyzed by microCT, histomorphometry and qPCR. RESULTS OVX resulted in decreased root volume (RV/TV) and root mineral density (RMD) in Balb mice without OTM. In contrast, OVX did not modify physiological root structure of C57 mice. OTM and OIIRR were increased after OVX in both mice strains after 30 days. E2 replacement reversed this phenotype in Balb, but not in C57 mice. Due to the significant increase of OIIRR in OVX Balb mice, the expression of key molecules was investigated in periodontium. Accordingly, these mice showed increased expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor alpha, matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -13 and decreased osteoprotegerin (OPG) and interleukin-10 expression after OTM. E2 replacement reversed the changes of these markers. CONCLUSION The lack of estrogen in Balb mice without OTM triggered loss of root structure which was positively correlated to RANKL/OPG ratio. Regardless of mouse strain, the absence of estrogen following OTM induced OIIRR. Mechanisms involve the imbalance of RANKL/OPG system, inflammatory and osteoclastic makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda R S Amaro
- Department of Restorative Destistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ruffo Ortiz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Dorneles
- Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Souza Santos
- Department of Restorative Destistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno Rocha Barrioni
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberta Magalhães Miranda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tarcília A Silva
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Soraia Macari
- Department of Restorative Destistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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7
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Bernardi S, Toffoli B, Tonon F, Francica M, Campagnolo E, Ferretti T, Comar S, Giudici F, Stenner E, Fabris B. Sex Differences in Proatherogenic Cytokine Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113861. [PMID: 32485823 PMCID: PMC7311959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that sex affects immunity, including cytokine production. Given that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease promoted by specific cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, we aimed at evaluating whether sex could affect the levels of these proatherogenic cytokines in a group of healthy adults. In this analysis, we also included other cytokines and peptides that have been implicated in atherosclerosis development and progression. METHODS A total of 104 healthy adults were recruited; we measured circulating levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, angiotensins and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), as well as osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). RESULTS IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly higher in men as compared to women. They were all associated with testosterone and the testosterone/estradiol ratio. They remained significantly associated with sex (but not with hormones) after being tested for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Sex seems to influence the levels of proatherogenic cytokines. This is consistent not only with sex differences in vulnerability to infections but also with the higher cardiovascular risk exhibited by the male gender as compared to the female gender. Nevertheless, this association is only partly explained by hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Bernardi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital UCO Medicina Clinica, 34100 Trieste, Italy; (F.T.); (M.F.); (E.C.); (T.F.); (S.C.); (F.G.); (B.F.)
- ASUGI Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, UCO Medicina Clinica, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-040-399-4318
| | - Barbara Toffoli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34100 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Federica Tonon
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital UCO Medicina Clinica, 34100 Trieste, Italy; (F.T.); (M.F.); (E.C.); (T.F.); (S.C.); (F.G.); (B.F.)
| | - Morena Francica
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital UCO Medicina Clinica, 34100 Trieste, Italy; (F.T.); (M.F.); (E.C.); (T.F.); (S.C.); (F.G.); (B.F.)
| | - Elena Campagnolo
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital UCO Medicina Clinica, 34100 Trieste, Italy; (F.T.); (M.F.); (E.C.); (T.F.); (S.C.); (F.G.); (B.F.)
| | - Tommaso Ferretti
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital UCO Medicina Clinica, 34100 Trieste, Italy; (F.T.); (M.F.); (E.C.); (T.F.); (S.C.); (F.G.); (B.F.)
| | - Sarah Comar
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital UCO Medicina Clinica, 34100 Trieste, Italy; (F.T.); (M.F.); (E.C.); (T.F.); (S.C.); (F.G.); (B.F.)
- ASUGI Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, UCO Medicina Clinica, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34100 Trieste, Italy;
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabiola Giudici
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital UCO Medicina Clinica, 34100 Trieste, Italy; (F.T.); (M.F.); (E.C.); (T.F.); (S.C.); (F.G.); (B.F.)
- ASUGI Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, UCO Medicina Clinica, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34100 Trieste, Italy;
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Stenner
- Department of Diagnostics, Azienda USL Toscana Nordovest, 57100 Livorno, Italy;
| | - Bruno Fabris
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital UCO Medicina Clinica, 34100 Trieste, Italy; (F.T.); (M.F.); (E.C.); (T.F.); (S.C.); (F.G.); (B.F.)
- ASUGI Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, UCO Medicina Clinica, 34100 Trieste, Italy
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8
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Kotsopoulos J, McGee EE, Lozano-Esparza S, Garber JE, Ligibel J, Collins LC, Polyak K, Brown M, Narod S, Tamimi RM, Eliassen AH. Premenopausal Plasma Osteoprotegerin and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Analysis Nested within the Nurses' Health Study II. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1264-1270. [PMID: 32277005 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence supports a role of the receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) pathway in normal mammary gland development and breast carcinogenesis. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is the endogenous decoy receptor for RANK-ligand (RANKL), which inhibits RANK-signaling. Whether OPG may be a biomarker of breast cancer risk remains unclear. METHODS We evaluated the association between plasma OPG and breast cancer risk in a case (n = 297)-control (n = 297) study nested within the Nurses' Health Study II. Cases were women who were cancer-free and premenopausal at blood collection who developed invasive breast cancer. OPG was quantified using an ELISA. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate multivariable odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between OPG levels and breast cancer risk, adjusting for potential confounders. Unconditional logistic regression, additionally adjusting for matching factors, was used for stratified analyses. RESULTS Overall, there was no substantial evidence for an association between plasma OPG levels and breast cancer risk, although the point estimate for the highest (vs. lowest) quartile was below 1 (OR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.46-1.33; P trend = 0.30). There was no evidence of heterogeneity by various reproductive, hormonal, or tumor characteristics, including hormone receptor status and grade (all P heterogeneity ≥ 0.17). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this prospective study do not provide substantial evidence for an association between circulating OPG and breast cancer risk among premenopausal women; however, we were underpowered in stratified analyses. IMPACT Results do not provide strong evidence for OPG as a potential biomarker of breast cancer risk among premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma E McGee
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susana Lozano-Esparza
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Ligibel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura C Collins
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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